EAPP Q2 MODULE 3

LESSON 1.
THE REPORTS, SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE AND METHODS
OFADMINISTERING IT

The Various Kinds of Reports

Reports are more likely needed for business, scientific and technical subjects, and in the
workplace. They are of different types and they differ in their aims and structures.

Among these types of reports, survey is the most popularly and widely used as it is the
easiest way to gather information about any topic or issue from a big number of people
or groups.

Survey Questionnaire
It is a data gathering tool having set of questions used in a survey and is utilized in various
fields such as politics, research, marketing, media and so on. It is intended to gather data,
views, opinions and others from individuals or a particular group of people.

It is an important method used in order to collect the necessary information that will benefit
the people and the community.

Methods of Administering a Survey

Administering a survey calls for a more systematic way in order to achieve the aims of a
certain survey conducted. The following methods are introduced by Sarah Mae Sincero.

1. Personal Approach
This involves the person himself/ herself conducting the survey.
A. Face-to-face Structured Interview
The interview is set personally and the people involved face each other in order to
gather the necessary information. Questions on the survey are asked directly to
the respondent by the researcher.
B. Telephone Survey
The survey is done using telephone or cellular phones. The calls are made to ask
individuals on particular questions. This method can be used for asking
consequential questions (understand not just what happened, but also the results
that follow)
2. Self- administered Approach
In this type, the survey is administered by the researcher himself/herself.
A. Paper- and - pencil Survey
This is a traditional method wherein the respondents who usually preferred the
manual method must be present in the administration of the survey
B. Online Survey
Also called internet survey, is one of the most famous sources of data collection,
where a set of survey questions is sent out to respondents and the members of
this sample can respond to the questions over the internet. Respondents receive
online surveys in various ways such as email, embedded over website, social
media or forms.
C. Mail Survey
This popular tool requires an easy administering of the survey where survey
questionnaires are mailed to individuals who are given enough time to read and
ponder on the information asked.

Should and Not Should of a Survey Questionnaire

Concise and easy to understand questions lead to a successful survey. Thus, a well -
designed survey questionnaire will ensure an effective data and information gathering.

A survey questionnaire should be well – constructed so that the respondents could read
carefully and understand thoroughly and be motivated to complete it. Therefore, a
questionnaire…

1. Should use words that have clear meaning.

The questions should not be vague and difficult to comprehend so that the questionnaire
will not be left unanswered.

2. Should cover all possible options.

The respondents should just be given at most five ranking options and should cover all
so that they will not be tired of choosing a lot of options which do not give the choices
they look for. If this will not be observed, this will lead to an abandoned questionnaire.

3. Should not ask two or more questions in one sentence.

The question should focus on one topic or item at a time so that the respondents will not
be confused which to answer and what to choose.

4. Should provide an out- option.

The survey should give the respondents the option to choose “Does not apply “or “None”
for questions they do not feel answering.

5. Should consider appropriate time reference.

Respondents could not easily recall past long experiences and be doubtful as to the
exact measurement or time they spent.

6. Should have a clear question structure.

Survey questionnaire should follow the three parts: the question stem, additional
instructions and response options so that the respondents will not be confused what to
answer or choose.

7. Should have open specific response options.

The respondents should be guided on what to choose. So the survey should provide
specific options to choose from, so that respondents will not be confused in answering.
8. Should not have any bias or prejudice.
Questions should be objective and lead to an honest answer. The respondents should
not be led to a biased option that they may fail to give their truthful response.

9. Should not include too personal or too embarrassing questions.

Questions should be gender and culture sensitive so that the respondents may not feel
awkward or embarrassed in giving their responses.
10.Should avoid double negative questions.
Double negatives may occur when respondents are asked of their agreement on a certain
issue. This should be avoided so that the respondents ‘response will be clear and precise.

11.Should outline instructions or directions clearly and understandably.

Clear instructions will lead to positive, appropriate and clear answers. If respondents are
clearly asked and told what to do, they will also foster positive attitude towards answering
the questionnaire.

1ST ASSESSMENT
This will be done by group with 5 members. Answers should be written on 1 whole
sheet of paper.

Directions: Suppose you are chosen as the youth representative of your barangay and
you are asked to introduce an advocacy on Covid-19 Youth Empowerment. Decide how
to find out the possible response of your community about it. In order to determine the
people’s attitude toward it, conduct an online survey by framing a survey questionnaire.
Consider the guidelines in constructing effective questions in your five-question survey to
administer in your respective barangay.

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LESSON 2.
CONDUCTING A SURVEY

A Survey is one of the best ways we will know and understand the people’s choices,
attitudes, or feelings on certain issues. We will be able to determine the reactions of the
respondents and based on the survey results, we could design some possible actions to
be best done, or a solution to a problem, or a remedy to a disease or an answer to a
question.

THREE STEPS IN CONDUCTING A SURVEY

There are three steps in conducting a survey.

1. Decide on a four or five option survey question. Then make a tally chart having
its heading and appropriate title.
The question should follow the guidelines of making an effective survey question.
Formulate questions that address to the aim and need of the research. The question
should be clear, concise and efficient. The heading and the title should reflect the focus
of the survey.

2. Conduct a survey then tally all the answers.

In conducting a survey, ethics should be observed. You should be polite and show respect
to the respondents. You should maintain a friendly atmosphere so that respondents may
not feel so intimidated. Make sure all answers are noted. Plan for a more systematic way
of tallying.

3. Count the answers marking the item having the least to the greatest tallies. Then
make a graphic representation of the results.
Be careful in tallying so you should observe accuracy and honesty. Results can be
presented using any graphics. Most commonly used are charts and organizers. Choose
the most appropriate graphics that best represent the result of the survey.

NOTE: When you will conduct a survey, you should write a letter of consent. In the letter
you should also emphasize that the information given by the respondents/ participants
will be held with utmost confidentiality. If the respondent is a minor, prepare an assent
Informed consent" is the voluntary agreement of a person, or the representative, who
has the capacity to give consent, and who practices free power of choice to involve in
research. "Assent" is a term used to show willingness to participate in survey by persons
who are too young to give informed consent but who are old enough to understand the
proposed survey in general. Assent by itself is not enough, however. If assent is given,
informed consent must still be acquired from the parents or guardian.

2ND ASSESSMENT
“It’s Your Turn”
A. Give five of your family’s favorite home quarantine activities. Rank them according
to the frequency of engaging in it. Number them 1,2,3,4,5.

B. Ask each member of your family to give his/her rank of the home quarantine
activities you listed in Test A. Just add rows to include all other members of the
family.
(Please follow the given example below. You may add another column to activities
not listed below. Answers may vary)

C. Then tally or count how many chose each activity.

 D. Illustrate a bar graph (similar to the given example) to show a graphic
representation of your survey results. Give the appropriate data you gathered from
your survey. Make sure to show the home quarantine activities and their ranks.

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LESSON 3
GATHERING INFORMATION FROM SURVEYS

The task of gathering or collecting information or data from surveys requires

a high level of knowledge and skill. You need to be familiar with the different
types of survey questions and learn the art of formulating them before you
can conduct the survey and actually gather primary data. Primary data is
data you as a researcher collect from first –hand sources using methods like
surveys, interviews, or experiments.

Types of Survey Questions

1. Open-ended questions- These types of questions do not have
predetermined options or answers. The respondents are allowed to answer
the questions freely. Responses must be recorded verbatim-especially
because coding and analysis will rely on the subject’s exact responses.
Open-ended questions often need probing or follow-up questions to clarify
certain items in the subject’s response. These question typically ask the
“how” and “why” of something.

Example: Why did you choose to vote for candidate X? Kindly explain.

2. Dichotomous Questions- Dichotomous questions have two possible

answers, often either yes/no, true/false, or agree/ disagree. These questions
are used when the researcher wants to clearly distinguish the respondent’s
opinion, preference, experience or behavior.
3. Multiple–response questions- There are certain questions that
necessitate the respondents to provide more than one answer. For example,
a typical advertising survey would ask the question, “How did you find about
the particular service or item”? A respondent may have encountered more
than one of the probable ways

4. Matrix questions- There are instances where a number of questions

you intend to ask have the same set of possible answers. Thus, it is
possible to construct a matrix of items and answers for the sake of
streamlining the survey.

Shown above is a numerical scale (matrix).The respondents are required

to choose from a number of categories that determine their preferences.

Another common scale is the Likert Scale which tries to assess the subject’s
agreement/disagreement or approval/ disapproval on a five point scale-with
one end being the most positive answer, and the other end being the most
negative answer. The categories correspond to the numerical values
5,4,3,2,1, and are encoded as their numerical equivalent (Singh 2007,75).
The total score per item is determined. From here, you formulate your
inference.

5. Contingency Questions - Contingency questions are intended for certain

respondents only, depending on the provided answers. A familiar example
would be a follow-up question provided after a respondent agrees to a certain
item. A respondent is asked whether they used any illegal drugs or
substances. Only those who answered yes are required to answer the
succeeding items.

Points to remember in crafting survey questions

1. Keep the questionnaire as short as possible.
2. Ask short, simple, and clearly worded questions.
3. Start with demographic questions to help respondents get started
comfortably.
4. Use dichotomous (yes/no) and multiple choice questions.
5. Use open-ended questions cautiously.
6. Avoid using leading-questions. Make your question ask for the other
person’s opinion. Do not make it clear what your own opinion is. (this
would be called a biased question or a leading question).
A bad example would be: Fishing is a very cruel pastime. Do you agree?
A better question might be: Do you think that fishing is a cruel pastime?
A) strongly agree B) agree C) neutral D) disagree E) strongly disagree
7. Pre-test a questionnaire on a small number of people.
8. Think about the way you intend to use the collected data when preparing
the questionnaire.
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LESSON 4.
DISSEMINATING INFORMATION FROM SURVEYS
What do you do with the data or information you have collected after conducting your
survey? Information or data gathered from surveys should be properly organized before
it could be disseminated. According to Cambridge International Organization, data can
be organized in several ways. Which method is chosen depends largely on the type of
data being collected. A simple way of recording the results is by constructing a tally and
frequency table.

The ages could have been grouped 71-75, 76-80, 81-85, etc. The group size is the
decision of the person collecting the data, but it is important that the groups are all the
same size and do not overlap.

Displaying data

Once the data has been collected, it can be displayed in several ways. Which method is
chosen depends on the type of data collected and the audience it is intended for. One of
the simplest and most effective is to use a pictogram. This method uses pictures to
represent the frequency. The chocolate button data can be displayed on a pictogram like
this, using one circle to represent one chocolate button
Frequency diagrams can also be used to display grouped data, such as the ages of the
residents in the care home.
3rd ASSESSMENT
Analyze the situations below and plot the data using the non-verbal text (graphs

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LESSON 5
SUMMARIZING FINDINGS AND EXECUTING THE REPORT THROUGH SURVEY

A component of summary of the findings is to provide a discussion for each of

the findings, using anchor verbiage that justifies rather than distorts the intent of the
findings. Tells us how the findings are important or relevant based on the aim and scope
of your study.

A summary is a synthesis of the key ideas of a piece of writing, restated in your

own words – i.e., paraphrased. You may write a summary as a stand-alone assignment or
as part of a longer paper. Whenever you summarize, you must be careful not to copy the
exact wording of the original source.

Summarizing teaches students how to discern the most important ideas in a text, how
to ignore irrelevant information, and how to integrate the central ideas in a meaningful
way. Teaching students to summarize improves their memory for what is read.
Summarization strategies can be used in almost every content area.

Due to clarity demand, summary of findings must contain each specific question under
the statement of the problem and must be written first to be followed by the findings that
would answer it.

The findings should be textual generalizations, that is, a summary of the important data
consisting of text and numbers.

How to Write a Summary

Preparing to Write : To write a good summary it is important to thoroughly understand
the material you are working with. Here are some preliminary steps in writing a summary.
1. Skim the text, noting in your mind the subheadings. If there are no subheadings, try to
divide the text into sections. Consider why you have been assigned the text. Try to
determine what type of text you are reading with. This can help you identify important
information
2. Read the text, highlighting important information and taking notes.
3. In your own words, write down the main points of each section.
4. Write down the key support points for the main topic, but do not include minor detail.
5. Go through the process again, making changes as appropriate.

Writing the summary:

When writing the summary there are three main requirements:
1. The summary should cover the original as a whole.
2. The material should be presented in a neutral fashion.
3. The summary should be condensed version of the material, presented in your words.
- also do not include anything that does not appear in the original. (Do not include your
own comments or evaluation.)
- be sure to identify your source
 The number of students coming to college with a mental health condition continues
to increase, with nearly half of all female students reporting a diagnosis in their lifetime.
The 2018 College Student Health Survey of University of Minnesota Twin Cities (UMTC)
students found a 29 percent increase in mental health conditions among students since
2015.

The survey, directed by Boynton Health, is intended to identify health issues

affecting UMTC students so University officials can be responsive to their needs and
create a healthier campus environment.

“We have a profound opportunity to positively influence the health of young adults
in college,” said Maggie Towle, interim vice provost for Student Affairs and dean of
students. “Graduating from college is a key barometer of future health, including a better
job, higher wage and the resources for good health. The College Student Health Survey
helps us bring focus and attention to the most pressing health concerns of our students.”

In addition to the mental health findings, the survey found an increase in students
experiencing sexual assault and, for the first time, collected information about sexual
harassment.

4TH ASSESSMENT