Book 2A Ch 5 Congruence

Full Solutions

Level 1 7. In △PQR and △UST,

PQ = US given
1. ∵ △ABC  △XYZ P = U given
∴ BC = YZ (corr. sides,  △s) PR = UT given
∴ △PQR  △UST SAS
p=4
XY = AB (corr. sides,  △s) 8. In △LMN and △PRQ,
q=5 LM = PR given
L = P given
XZ = AC (corr. sides,  △s)
LN = PQ given
r=2 ∴ △LMN  △PRQ SAS

2. ∵ △ABC  △DEF 9. In △DEF and △MLN,

∴ AC = DF (corr. sides,  △s) D = M given
b=5 E = L given
EF = LN given
DE = AB (corr. sides,  △s) ∴ △DEF  △MLN AAS
c=6
(corr. sides,  △s) 10. In △DEF and △HKG,
EF = BC
E = K = 90° given
d =4
DF = HG given
DE = HK given
3. ∵ △PQR  △ABC ∴ △DEF  △HKG RHS
∴ QR = BC (corr. sides,  △s)
y=5 11. In △ABD and △CDB,
DAB = BCD given
A =  P (corr. s,  △s) ADB = CBD given
= 30 BD = DB common side
In △ABC, ∴ △ABD  △CDB AAS
A + 100 + x = 180 ( sum of △)
30 + 100 + x = 180 12. In △ABC and △PRQ,
x = 50 ACB = PQR given
∵ BQ = RC given
∴ BQ + QC = RC + QC
4. In △DEF, ∴ BC = RQ
90 + 53 + F = 180 ( sum of △) ABC = PRQ given
∴ △ABC  △PRQ ASA
F = 37
∵ △ABC  △DEF
13. In △ABD and △CDB,
∴ C = F (corr. s,  △s)
ABD = CDB alt. s, AB // DC
x = 37 BD = DB common side
AC = DF (corr. sides,  △s) ADB = CBD alt. s, AD // BC
∴ △ABD  △CDB ASA
y = 7.5
DE = AB (corr. sides,  △s) 14. In △ADB and △CDB,
z = 4.5 AD = CD given
ADB = 180 − ADE adj. s on st. line
5. In △ABC and △DEF, CDB = 180 − CDE adj. s on st. line
AB = DE given ∵ ADE = CDE given
BC = EF given
AC = DF given ∴ ADB = CDB
∴ △ABC  △DEF SSS DB = DB common side
∴ △ADB  △CDB SAS
6. In △XYZ and △ACB,
Y = C given
YZ = CB given
Z = B given
∴ △XYZ  △ACB ASA

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Additional Revision Exercise

15. In △DEG and △FGE, 20. (a) ∵ 240° = 180° + 60°

∵ EG = EF given ∴ The construction of the angle is:
∴ FGE = EFG base s, isos. △
∵ DEG = EFG given
∴ DEG = FGE
EG = GE common side
DGE = FEG given
∴ △DEG  △FGE ASA

16. Suppose BC = QR is given. (b) ∵ 225° = 180° + 45°

In △ABC and △PQR, ∴ The construction of the angle is:
B = Q given
BC = QR given
C = R given
∴ △ABC  △PQR ASA
∴ One additional piece of condition needed is BC = QR.

Alternative solution
Suppose AB = PQ is given.
In △ABC and △PQR,
C = R given
B = Q given
AB = PQ given
∴ △ABC  △PQR AAS 21. (a) A
∴ One additional piece of condition needed is AB = PQ.

Alternative solution 3 cm 3 cm
Suppose AC = PR is given.
In △ABC and △PQR,
B = Q given B C
C = R given (or any other reasonable answers)
AC = PR given
∴ △ABC  △PQR AAS (b) A
∴ One additional piece of condition needed is AC = PR.
3 cm 3 cm
17. ∵ ABCD  QPSR
∴ AD = QR
x = 10
B C
R =  D
y = 86

18. ∵ By inspection, A, B, C, D and E correspond to T, P, Level 2

Q, R and S respectively.
∴ ABCDE  TPQRS 22. ∵ △GHK  △LHK
∴ QPT = CBA ∴ HKL = HKG (corr. s,  △s)
= 114 = 70
ST = EA In △LHK,
= 5 cm x + HKL + 54 = 180 ( sum of △)
x + 70 + 54 = 180
19. ∵ Only the lengths of DE and RS are 4.5 cm. x = 
∴ If the two pentagons are congruent, DE corresponds ∵ △GHK  △LHK
to RS. ∴ GHK = LHK (corr. s,  △s)
Note that the lengths of the adjacent sides of DE are both
= 56
3 cm, but those of RS are 3 cm and 4 cm. So, pentagons
ABCDE and PQRST are not congruent. GHK + x + y = 360 (s at a pt.)
56 + 56 + y = 360
y = 

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 Book 2A Ch 5 Congruence

23. ∵ △ABC  △EDC BD = AB (corr. sides,  △s)

∴ DC = BC (corr. sides,  △s) = 20 cm
= 6 cm CD = BD − BC
AD = AC − DC = (20 − 7) cm
= (8 − 6) cm = 13 cm
= 2 cm
∵ △ABC  △EDC 28. (a) ∵ BAX = CAY given
∴ EC = AC (corr. sides,  △s) ∴ BAX + XAY = CAY + XAY
= 8 cm ∴ BAY = CAX
BE = BC + EC
= (6 + 8) cm (b) In △ABY and △ACX,
BAY = CAX proved in (a)
= 14 cm
∵ AB = AC given
∴ ABY = ACX base s, isos. △
24. In △ABC,
∴ △ABY  △ACX ASA
75 +  + C = 180  sum of △
C = 
29. (a) In △DBE and △DCE,
In △ABC and △EFD,
BE = CE given
A = E given
DEB = 30 + 60 ext.  of △
C = D
BC = FD given = 90
∴ △ABC  △EFD AAS DEC = 180 − DEB adj. s on st. line
= 180 − 90
25. (a) In △ABC and △MNP, = 90
AB = MN given ∴ DEB = DEC
B = N given
DE = DE common side
BC = NP given
∴ △DBE  △DCE SAS
∴ △ABC  △MNP SAS

(b) ∵ △ABC  △MNP (proved in (a)) (b) ∵ △DBE  △DCE (proved in (a))
∴ A =  M (corr. s,  △s) ∴ BDE = CDE (corr. s,  △s)
x = 48 = 30
and BD = CD (corr. sides,  △s)
In △MNP,
In △ABD,
M + 20 + y = 180 ( sum of △)
∵ AD = CD (given)
48 + 20 + y = 180 ∴ AD = BD
y =  ∴ BAD = ABD (base s, isos. △)
BAD + ABD = BDE + CDE (ext.  of △)
26. (a) In △ABD and △CBD, 2BAD = 30 + 30
∵ BD ⊥ AC given BAD = 30
∴ ADB = CDB = 90°
AB = CB given
BD = BD common side 30. (a) In △ABC and △DCE,
∴ △ABD  △CBD RHS ACB = DEC given
ABC = DCE given
(b) ∵ △ABD  △CBD proved in (a) AB = DC given
∴ △ABC  △DCE AAS
∴ ABD = CBD corr. s,  △s
i.e. BD is the angle bisector
(b) ∵ △ABC  △DCE (proved in (a))
of ABC.
∴ CE = BC (corr. sides,  △s)
27. (a) In △BED and △ACB, ∵ AE = BC (given)
EBD = CAB given ∴ AE = CE
ABC = 20 +  i.e. E the mid-point of AC.
= 
31. (a) In △ABC and △DCB,
∴ BDE = ABC
AB = DC given
DE = BC given
ABC = DCB given
∴ △BED  △ACB AAS BC = CB common side
∴ △ABC  △DCB SAS
(b) ∵ △BED  △ACB (proved in (a))
∴ BC = DE (corr. sides,  △s)
= 7 cm

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Additional Revision Exercise

(b) ∵ △ABC  △DCB (proved in (a)) Alternative Solution

∴ BCA = CBD (corr. s,  △s) In △ABC and △ADC,
i.e. BCE = CBE ∵ ABC = ADC given
In △BCE, ∴ AB = AD sides opp. equal s
BCE + CBE + 125 = 180 ( sum of △) BC = DC given
2BCE + 125 = 180 AC = AC common side
∴ △ABC  △ADC SSS
2BCE = 55
BCE =  (b) In △BCE and △DCF,
BE = CE (sides opp. equal s) BC = DC given
ABC = ADC given
= 3 cm
i.e. EBC = FDC
BE = DF given
32. (a) In △ABF and △EDF, ∴ △BCE  △DCF SAS
AF = EF given
AFB = EFD vert. opp. s (c) In △ACE and △ACF,
BF = DF given AC = AC common side
∴ △ABF  △EDF SAS ∵ △BCE  △DCF proved in (b)
∴ CE = CF corr. sides,  △s
(b) In △ACD and △ECB, ∵ BE = DF given
ACD = ECB common  and AB = AD proved in (a)
∵ △ABF  △EDF proved in (a) ∴ AE = AB − BE
∴ BAF = DEF corr. s,  △s = AD − DF
i.e. CAD = CEB
= AF
AD = AF + DF
∴ △ACE  △ACF SSS
= EF + BF
= EB Alternative Solution
∴ △ACD  △ECB AAS In △ACE and △ACF,
AC = AC common side
33. (a) In △CDG and △EDA, ∵ △ABC  △ADC proved in (a)
GCD = AED given ∴ BAC = DAC corr. s,  △s
∵ BDC = FDE given i.e. EAC = FAC
∴ BDC + GDA= FDE + GDA ∵ BE = DF given
∴ GDC = ADE and AB = AD proved in (a)
∴ AE = AB − BE
∵ GF = AB and FD = BD given
= AD − DF
∴ GF + FD = AB + BD
= AF
GD = AD
∴ △ACE  △ACF SAS
∴ △CDG  △EDA AAS

35. (a) P + 150 + 80 + 117 + 115 + = (6 − 2)  180

(b) ∵ △CDG  △EDA (proved in (a))
∴ EAD = CGD (corr. s,  △s) ( sum of polygon)
P + 622 = 
= 25
In △ADG, P = 98
∵ GD = AD (proved in (a))
∴ AGD = GAD (base s, isos. △) (b) ∵ None of the interior angles of PQRSTU is 93°.
= 20 + 25 ∴ Hexagon PQRSTU does not have any angle that
= 45 corresponds to A.
AGD + GAD + ADG = 180 ( sum of △) ∴ Hexagons ABCDEF and PQRSTU are not
congruent.
2AGD + ADG = 180
2(45) + ADG = 180 36. BCD + 110 = 180 (int. s, AB // DC)
ADG = 90 BCD = 70
∵ ABCDH  EFGHD
34. (a) In △ABC and △ADC, ∴ FGH = BCD
BC = DC given x = 70
∵ ABC = ADC given
∴ AB = AD sides opp. equal s
∴ △ABC  △ADC SAS

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 Book 2A Ch 5 Congruence

37. (a) ∵ ABCGH  EFGCD 6. Answer: C

∴ BCG = FGC In △ABC and △DCB,
∴ BC // GF alt. s equal BAC = CDB (given)
BC = CB (common side)
(b) In △BCD and △FGH, ∴ △ABC and △DCB have 1 pair of equal
∵ ABCGH  EFGCD corresponding angles and 1 pair of equal
corresponding sides.
∴ BC = FG
Note that we do not know whether BAC and CDB are
BCD = 360 − BCG − GCD s at a pt. right angles, condition RHS cannot be used. Also, SSA is
FGH = 360 − FGC − CGH s at a pt. not a condition for congruent triangles. So, giving
∵ ABCGH  EFGCD additional condition AB = DC cannot prove
∴ BCG = FGC △ABC  △DCB. Therefore, one more pair of equal
and CGH = GCD corresponding angles is required.
∴ BCD = FGH Case 1: If ABC = DCB, then
∵ ABCGH  EFGCD △ABC  △DCB (AAS).
∴ CD = GH Case 2: If ACB = DBC, then
∴ △BCD  △FGH SAS △ABC  △DCB (AAS).
∴ The answer is C.

Multiple Choice Questions 7. Answer: C

For III:
1. Answer: B In △ACE and △DCE,
∵ △ABC  △PQR CAE = CDE = 90° (given)
CE = CE (common side)
∴ PQ = AB (corr. sides,  △s)
AE = DE (given)
a=4 ∴ △ACE  △DCE (RHS)
In △ABC, ∴ The answer is C.
95 + 39 + C = 180 ( sum of △)
C = 46 8. Answer: B
∵ △ABC  △PQR
9. Answer: B
∴ R =  C (corr. s,  △s) ∵ ABCDE  PQRST
b = 46 ∴ AE = PT
x = 2.5
2. Answer: A
S =  D
In △ABC,
A + B + C = 180 ( sum of △) y = 
60 + 65 + C = 180
C = 55
∵ △ABC  △FED
∴ D =  C (corr. s,  △s)
= 55

3. Answer: D
In △ABD and △CDB,
AD = CB (given)
ADB = CBD (alt. s, DA // CB)
BD = DB (common side)
∴ △ABD  △CDB (SAS)

4. Answer: C

5. Answer: C
In △ABC and △CDA,
BAC = DCA (given)
AC = CA (common side)
ACB = CAD (given)
∴ △ABC  △CDA (ASA)
∴ AB = CD (corr. sides,  △s)
b=9

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