UNIT 2: Part 1: MS Windows

In this unit we will learn how to use windows 10 which is currently the most
used windows OS. The latest version of windows OS is Microsoft windows
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Windows 10 - Overview

Windows 10 is the one of the most recent version of the operating system from
Microsoft. Officially it was released in 2015 and was initially offered free of charge to
legitimate users of Windows 7 and Windows 8.1. This new version combines features
from those two previous installments to suit the users in a better way for both
desktop/laptop computers as well as mobile devices

The most notable change in Windows 10 is that Microsoft replaced the Start screen tiles
from Windows 8, and brought back the Start Menu. They also removed the vertical
toolbars (or “charms”) that appeared from the sides of the screen. These changes make
this Windows version easier to use for users of both desktop/laptops and mobile
devices.

System Requirements
Although most computers nowadays probably have the necessary requirements for
Windows 10. It will certainly be useful to know them in case you want to upgrade from
an older system.

The main requirements are −

A processor (CPU) with a clock rate of at least 1GHz.

At least 1 to 2GB of memory (RAM), but Microsoft recommends
4GB. At least 16GB space in your hard disk.

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 Getting Started
After you have installed or upgraded your Windows, you will get a Welcome Screen
with the time and date. Just click anywhere to go to the User Accounts

This screen lets you choose which user you want to log in to from the lower-left corner.
After choosing the right user, and entering a password if necessary, you will see the
Windows Desktop.

The Windows Desktop is simply your operating system main screen. Here you have
access to an array of tools like the Start Menu, Taskbar, and other icons. Windows
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10 also introduces a search box in the Taskbar, which facilitates browsing both your
computer and the Web.

Windows 10 - GUI Basics

Once you get to the Windows Desktop screen, here are some basic features you will see.

One of the most important parts of your Desktop is the Taskbar. By default, it sits at the
bottom of your screen giving you access to the Start Menu, several application icons, and
the Notification Area.

Windows

In Windows 10, if an application is active or opened, you will see a green line below its
icon. Clicking the icon will bring the application window up.

Every open window features three buttons in the upperright

corner. These are used to minimize, maximize, or close the
window −

Minimizing means that the window will hide in the

Taskbar.
Maximizing will bring the window to a full-screen size.

Windows can be moved around or resized as you please −

To move a window, just click on its Title Bar on the upper side of the window and
drag it.

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 To resize a window, move your mouse to any corner until you see a double-sided
arrow. Then click and drag until you reach the desired size.

Icons

Most Windows versions will feature different icons on the background. An icon is simply
a graphic representation of an application or a file. To open or access an icon, just double
click on it.

Although the amount and type of icons will

vary, depending on the computer, you can
add more icons by following these steps −

Step 1 − Right-click on the Desktop

Background.

Step 2 − Choose “New” and “Shortcut”.

Step 3 − Browse for the application or file

you want to create a shortcut to.

Step 4 − Assign a name to the shortcut

and click “Finish”.

Icons can also be moved around by

clicking on them and dragging them to
another place in the screen.

Desktop Background

Another component of your Desktop is the Background. This is simply an image that
appears at the back of your screen. Most computers come with a pre-selected background,
but you can change it to any image you want.

To change the background, follow these steps −

Step 1 − Right-click on the background and choose “Personalize”.

Step 2 − From the Personalization window, choose from a series of pre-selected pictures
or browse for your own.

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After choosing a picture, the Background will change automatically.

Windows 10 - Navigation

To navigate your Windows, you can simply type what you are looking for on the Taskbar
search. It can be the name of a document or application, or just any information you are
looking for.

Start Menu

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If you are looking for a specific application, you can also open the Start Menu and click
“All Applications”. This will open an alphabetical list of all the applications installed on
your computer.

File Explorer

If you are looking for a specific document, another alternative is to use the File Explorer
by clicking on the Folder icon on the Taskbar.

In the File Explorer window, you can browse all your folders and documents.

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Virtual Desktops

One of the new features of Windows 10 is the addition of Virtual Desktops. This allows you
to have multiple desktop screens where you can keep open windows organized.

To add a virtual desktop, follow these steps − Step

1 − Click Task View on the Taskbar.

Step 2 − Click the “New desktop” option on the lower-right corner. You can access or
delete the new Desktop by clicking Task View again.

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Windows 10 - Start Menu

The Start Menu is the main point of access to your applications. There are two main ways
to open it −

Step 1 − Use your mouse to click Windows icon in the lower-left corner of the taskbar.

Step 2 − Press the Windows key on your keyboard.

The Windows 10 Start Menu features two panes.

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The left pane resembles the traditional Start Menu from Windows 7 and earlier, while the
right pane features live tiles that were used in Windows 8.

Left Pane

Among the things you can do in the left pane are −

Click the username at the top of the menu to change account settings or log in with
another user.

Access the applications you use more frequently.

A small arrow next to an application will open a sub-menu with a list of recent
documents opened with that application.

Open the “File Explorer” to navigate your folders and files.

Change the settings of your computer like your Internet connection or changing your
background.

See different options to shut down your computer.

See a list of all the applications installed in your computer.

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Search Box

The “Search box” on the Taskbar will allow you to search within your documents and files
or on the Web for anything you write. The initial results will appear within the Start Menu
itself.

The results will be grouped according to the closest match (or matches) labeled “Best
match” at the top of the list.

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The remaining results will be grouped according to what they are or their location −

Web results
Documents or folders
Apps
System settings

The icons on the left side of the menu do the following −

The Gear icon will allow you to configure the settings of your Search.

This icon will let you send Feedback to Microsoft on what you like or dislike about
Windows.

The Cortana icon will activate Windows’ new personal assistant.

Clicking “My stuff” or “Web” at the bottom will expand the Start Menu and limit your
results to the location you choose, as well as streamlining the search.

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Right Pane

The right pane features a varied array of tiles, similar to the ones that were seen on the
Start Screen of Windows 8.

These tiles can be moved and dragged to different places by holding the mouse button.

You can also configure them by right-clicking on them to see options to resize them or
“unpin” them (remove them) from the Menu.

The whole Start Menu can also be resized by dragging the borders with the mouse to the
desired size.

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Windows 10 - Taskbar

The Windows 10 taskbar sits at the bottom of the screen giving the user access to the
Start Menu, as well as the icons of frequently used applications. On the right-side, the
Taskbar features the Notification Area which informs the user of different things like the
state of the Internet connection or the charge of the laptop battery.

The icons in the middle of the Taskbar are “pinned” applications, which is a way to have a
quick access to applications you use frequently. “Pinned” applications will stay in the
Taskbar until you “unpin” them.

Pin an Application to the Taskbar

Step 1 − Search for the application you want to pin in the Start Menu.

Step 2 − Right-click on the application.

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Step 3 − Select “More” option at the top of the menu.

Step 4 − Select the “Pin to taskbar” option.

This will attach or “pin” the application icon to your Windows Taskbar.

Unpin an Application from the Taskbar

To “unpin” it, just right-click the icon in the Taskbar and select “Unpin from taskbar”.
You can “pin” it back again any time you want.

Notification Area
The Notification Area is located at the right side of the Taskbar. It shows different types of
notifications from your computer like your Internet connection, or the volume level.

At first, the Notification Area shows a limited amount of icons. But you can click the
upward arrow on its left-side to see other icons as well.
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Task View

Task View allows you to quickly move within your open windows and applications. You
can access it by clicking the “Task View” button from the Taskbar.

You can also press and hold the Windows key, and then press Tab to achieve the same
result.

By pressing the Alt+Tab keyboard shortcut also serves a similar purpose.

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Windows 10 - Tablet Mode

The Tablet Mode is a new feature in Windows 10, which allows the user to switch the
system interface, whenever a tablet is detached from a base or dock. When the Tablet
Mode activates, the Start Menu goes full-screen. During Tablet Mode, many other
windows like the File Explorer or the Settings window also open at full screen.

How to Activate the Tablet Mode?

Step 1 − Open the Start Menu and select “Settings”.

Step 2 − Select the “System” option.

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Step 3 − Turn the Tablet Mode switch from “Off” to “On”.

Windows 10 - File Explorer

File Explorer is the file management application used by Windows operating systems to
browse folders and files. It provides a graphical interface for the user to navigate and
access the files stored in the computer.

The main way to access the File Explorer is by clicking the folder icon in the Taskbar. After
clicking the icon, the File Explorer window will

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open.

The initial File Explorer window is comprised of the following sections −

The File Explorer ribbon, which resembles the ribbon featured in Microsoft
Office. The ribbon contains buttons for common tasks to perform with your files and
folders.

The Navigation Pane gives you access to your libraries of documents and pictures,
as well as your storage devices. It also features frequently used folders and network
devices.

The Frequent folders section on the right features the folders you’ve worked with
recently to allow for quick access to them.

The Recent files section in the lower part of the window features files and
documents that you’ve opened recently.

The File Explorer Ribbon

In Windows 10, the File Explorer features a new ribbon toolbar, similar to the one featured
in the recent versions of Microsoft Office. This ribbon contains buttons and commands for
the most common tasks.

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The Ribbon features four tabs, each with different commands. Among the tasks you can
perform from the Home tab are −
Copying and pasting files and folders from one place to another.
Moving files and folders to another location.
Copying files and folders to another location.
Deleting a file or folder permanently or sending it to the Recycle Bin.
Renaming a file or folder.
Creating a new folder or other new items.
Verifying or modifying the Properties of a document or folder.
Opening a file or folder.
Different options to select one or various files and folders.

The Share ribbon gives you different options to share your files and folders. For example
−

E-mailing or messaging a file.

Compressing (“Zip”) a folder to take less space.
Printing or faxing documents.
Sharing with other users or networks.

The View ribbon allows you to change the way Windows displays your files and folders.
Some of the changes you can make here are −

Adding additional panes to show a preview or details of your files.

Changing the layout of the files and folders from icons to list, and others.
Sorting and arranging the contents of your folder.
Hiding selected folders or files.

The File tab opens a menu with different options like −

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 Opening an additional File Explorer window.
Opening command windows for advanced users.
Changing or configuring options about how File Explorer behaves.

Windows 10 - Notifications

Windows 10 features a new way to present notifications. You can see them in the
Notification Area in the lower-right corner of your screen.

Clicking the Notification icon will bring up a sidebar called the ACTION
CENTER.

The upper part of the sidebar features Tips and App notifications, while the lower part of
the sidebar presents a series of Quick Action buttons.

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Customizing Notifications

You can customize what notifications Windows 10 presents you in the sidebar by following
these steps −

Step 1 − Go to the SETTINGS window and choose System.

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Step 2 − In the SYSTEM window, select Notifications & actions. The screen will then
show you different settings where you can customize what notifications Windows 10 will
show.

Windows 10 - Quick Actions

Quick Actions are a set of tiles that give you access to frequently used settings and tasks
(like Wi-Fi connection, or screen brightness).

Most of the actions can be configured simply by

clicking or tapping on the tile. Additional
settings and options can be accessed if you
right-click the tile.

Selecting the All settings tile will take

you directly to the SETTINGS window.

Customizing Quick Actions

With these Notifications, you can customize the Quick Actions tiles by going to the
SETTINGS window.

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After opening Settings, you can choose SYSTEM and then select Notifications &
actions.

Windows 10 - Cloud

Windows 10 allows you to sign in using an Outlook account. By doing this, Windows
synchronizes your documents, contacts, and other things to the cloud. To sign in with
Outlook, follow these steps −

Step 1 − Go to SETTINGS and choose Accounts.

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Step 2 − In the ACCOUNTS window, choose “Sign in with a Microsoft account instead”.

Step 3 − After that, Windows will ask for your username and password. If you don’t have
a Microsoft or Outlook account, it will also provide a link to create one. Using a Microsoft
account will allow you to sync your documents and personal files to any compatible device,
where you use that account.

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Using OneDrive

By signing in with a Microsoft or Outlook account, you have access to OneDrive from
your Windows 10. OneDrive is a free storage space in the Cloud given to every user of a
Microsoft account.

To access your OneDrive from Windows, simply click on the File

Explorer icon in the Taskbar.

When the File Explorer window opens, you will see the link to OneDrive
on the left side of the screen.

You can move documents from your local folders into OneDrive by dragging them with
your mouse or your finger.

OneDrive uses different icons to show you the status of your files and folders −

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 A green checkmark means that the document or folder is in sync with the online
version.

A blue double-arrow means that the document or folder is currently syncing.

A red X means that there was some issue or problem syncing the document or folder.

Windows 10 - Universal Apps

With Windows 10, Microsoft has launched an initiative for applications to be “universal”
across their different platforms. This means that an application designed for your
computer can also work in a Windows Phone, an Xbox, or any other Windows compatible
devices.

To achieve this, Windows developed the Universal Windows

Platform (UWP) and improved the Windows Store to serve as the
unified storefront for all Windows apps. To access the Windows
Store, users can click the icon on the Taskbar. This will open the
Windows Store allowing the user to browse for any app he wants.

Windows also allows “cross-buys”, which means that buying the license for an application
on one device, also applies to any other compatible device the user has.

Windows 10 - Multiple Desktops

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One of the innovative features of Windows 10 operating system is the addition of Virtual
Desktops. This allows you to have multiple desktop screens, where you can keep open
windows organized.

To add a virtual desktop, follow these steps − Step

1 − Click Task View icon on the Taskbar.

Step 2 − Click “New Desktop” option on the lower-right corner. You can access or delete
the new Desktop by clicking Task View icon again.

Windows 10 - Users Management

Like most Windows versions since XP, Windows 10 allows you to log in to different user
accounts when using your computer. Like we discussed earlier, you can choose which
account you want to log in to after turning on the computer.

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But you can also configure or manage your user account after you’re logged in. To do this,
follow these steps −

Step 1 − Open the Start Menu.

Step 2 − Click on Settings.

Step 3 − From the SETTINGS window, choose Accounts option.

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Step 4 − In the ACCOUNTS window, choose the account setting you want to configure.

If you want to change your sign-in options, like your password, select Sign-in options.

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Under Sign-in options, Windows 10 lets you change your password. It also lets you
choose when the computer will ask you to sign in.

Windows 10 - Security

Windows 10 features a series of tools to help you protect your computer from threats like
viruses and other malware. The three main security tools are −

User Account Control

Windows Defender
Windows Firewall

User Account Control

The Windows User Account Control is a tool that warns you when someone or something
attempts to change your computer system settings. When this happens, the screen will
alert you until an Administrator can confirm the change. This helps protect your computer
against accidental changes or malicious software altering your settings.

Initially, this User Account Control is set at a moderate to high level, which means it will
notify you only when an application tries to make changes to your computer. However,
you can change this setting to your desired level by following these steps −

Step 1 − Open the Control Panel by searching for it in the Search bar.

Step 2 − After the Control Panel is open, choose User Accounts.

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After choosing User Accounts, click on “Change User Account Control settings”.

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In the User Account Control Settings, you can move the slider to the desired position.
Windows 10 will give you a summary of how your system will behave under that level.

Windows Defender

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Windows Defender is an antivirus and malware protection included in your operating
system. It allows you to scan your computer for malicious software, while also checking
each file or program you open.

To configure Windows Defender, follow these steps −

Step 1 − Go to SETTINGS and select Update & security.

Step 2 − In the UPDATE & SECURITY window, select Windows Defender.

Here you can customize settings like turning off real-time protection or activating
cloudbased protection, which allows Defender to send Microsoft information about
security threats it finds.

Windows Firewall

Windows Firewall prevents unauthorized access from outside to get into your computer.
By default, it is turned on to protect your computer and your network.

If you want to customize your Firewall, follow these steps −

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Step 1 − Open the Control Panel by searching for it in the Search bar.

Step 2 − When the Control Panel is open, choose Windows Firewall.

Step 3 − In the Windows Firewall window, you can customize the settings of it by
turning it on or off or choosing when to protect your computer.

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Windows 10 - Applications

Windows 10 lets you access your applications in several ways. The easiest way is to search
for the name of application using the Search box in Taskbar.

Another basic option is to open the Start Menu and click on All Apps.

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After selecting All Apps, Windows 10 will present an alphabetical list of all the
applications installed in your computer.

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Windows 10 - Web Browsing

Windows 10 includes the first version of Microsoft’s new browser − Edge. By default, Edge
can be accessed by clicking on the icon placed on the taskbar.

When Edge opens, it presents a window similar to most browsers.

The toolbar, however, is more simplified than the Internet Explorer.

It features the following buttons −

Back − Takes you to the previous web page.

Forward − Takes you to the next web page.

Refresh − Reloads the web page.

New tab − Add another tab to see a different web page.

Hub (Favorites and History) − See lists of favorite web pages and history of
visited web pages.

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 Web Notes − Make Web Notes on the web page.

Share − Share the web page via e-mail or other methods.

More options − See more options to configure the browser.

Adding a Web Page to your Favorites

Like most browsers, Edge allows you to store pages that you visit frequently as
“Favorites”. To do this, follow these steps −

Step 1 − Go to the page you want to add as a “Favorite”.

Step 2 − Click on the “Star” button on the right-side of the browser.

You can then access your list of Favorite websites by clicking the “Hub” button on your
browser.

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Reviewing Browsing History

The same “Hub” button can also present you a list or “History” of web pages you’ve visited.

If you wish, you can clear the history by clicking on the “Clear all history” option in the
menu.

Windows 10 - Networking

Like previous Windows version, Windows 10 will let you know the status of your network
connection in the Notification Area.

If the connection is wireless, you will see this icon.

If the connection is wired, you will see this icon.

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Wired Connection (Ethernet)

If your network connection is through cable, you can access its settings by going to the
SETTINGS window, and selecting Network & Internet.

In the NETWORK & INTERNET window, click on Ethernet to see the settings of your
connection.

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Wireless Connection (Wi-Fi)

If your connection is wireless, clicking on the wireless icon will show you details of your
connection as well as other wireless networks available.

Clicking on Network settings will take you to the Network & Internet window, which
presents more specific details about your connection, and options to configure it.

In the NETWORK & INTERNET window, you can turn your Wireless Network
Connection on or off

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Windows 10 - Apps Management

Windows 10 offers you multiple ways to access your applications. Like discussed
earlier, one of the most basic ways is to open the Search menu and click All Apps.

This will present an alphabetical list of all the applications installed in your computer.
If there is an application that was recently installed, it will be labeled as “New” in the
menu.

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Uninstalling Applications

There are three ways in which you can remove an unwanted application −

From the Start Menu

From the Settings window
From the Control Panel

Here are the steps for each way.

Uninstalling an Application from the Start Menu

Perhaps the easiest way to uninstall an application is from the Start Menu. To do this,
follow these steps −

Step 1 − Open the Start Menu and click on All Apps.

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Step 2 − Find the application you want to uninstall on the list, and right-click on it.

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Step 3 − On the menu, choose Uninstall. After this, follow the steps needed to
complete the process. These steps will vary for each application.

Uninstalling an Application from the Settings window

A new and different way to uninstall an application is from the new Settings window.
To do this, follow these steps −

Step 1 − Open the Start Menu and click Settings.

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Step 2 − On the SETTINGS window, choose System.

Step 3 − On the SYSTEM window, choose Apps & features.

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Step 4 − On the Apps & features window, search for the application you want to
uninstall in the search box.

Step 5 − From the results, click on the application and choose Uninstall.

Uninstalling Applications from the Control Panel

The third way to uninstall an application is more traditional, because it uses the
popular
Control Panel window. To use this method, follow these steps − Step

1 − Open the Control Panel by searching for it in the Search bar.

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Step 2 − After the Control Panel is open,
choose Programs and Features.

Step 3 − The Programs and Features window will present a list of all the
applications installed in your computer. To uninstall an application, just click on it and
use the Uninstall button.

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An alternate way is to right-click the application on the list.

This window also gives you other details about the applications you have installed like
−

The date it was installed.

The size it occupies on the hard disk.
The specific version of this application.

Windows 10 - Keyboard Shortcuts

Like most Windows applications, there are several keyboard shortcuts you can use to
make it easier or faster for some to perform certain tasks.

Most of the new Windows shortcuts use the Windows key ( ) combined with other
keys to perform several actions. The following are some of the most common or useful
shortcuts used in Windows 10.

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 SHORTCUT ACTION

Windows key Open the Start menu

Windows key +S Open the Windows Search

Windows key +C Open Cortana

Windows key + Open Task View

Tab

Windows key +D Show or Hide the Desktop

Windows key +L Lock your account

Windows key +A Open the Action Center sidebar

Windows key +I Open the Settings window

Windows key +E Open the File Explorer window

Windows key + Takes a screenshot of your whole display and stores it in

PrintScreen Pictures > Screenshots
Window Snapping

Other useful shortcuts introduced in Windows 10 are the ones used for Windows
snapping. Snapping windows was introduced in Windows 7 and allows you to
automatically arrange your windows making it easier to work with multiple
applications at the same time.
Although you can do this with your mouse by dragging the windows to each side of the
screen, Windows 10 introduced shortcuts to perform this task.

SHORTCUT ACTION

Windows key + Left arrow

Snap the active window on the left side of the screen

Windows key + Right

Snap the active window on the right side of the screen
arrow

Windows key + Up arrow Snap the active window on the top of the screen

Windows key + Down Snap the active window on the bottom of the screen
arrow

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Windows 10 - System Tray

The System Tray is another name given to the Notification Area, which we can find in
the right-side of the Windows Taskbar. The System Tray features different types of
notifications and alerts from your computer like your Internet connection, or the
volume level.

However, you can choose what icons and

notifications appear here. To further customize
the System Tray follow these steps
−

Step 1 − Go to the SETTINGS window and

choose System.

Step 2 − In the SYSTEM window, select Notifications & actions. Here you can
select the option that reads “Select which icons appear on the taskbar”.

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Step 3 − In the SELECT WHICH ICONS APPEAR ON THE TASKBAR window,
you can turn on or off the icons in whichever way you prefer.

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Windows 10 - Media Management

Windows 10 offers multiple ways to work with your media files (music and videos).
Some of the features needed to handle these files have been integrated into Windows
to facilitate the way you access them. For example, if you select a music file, you will
see the following ribbon on the top of your folder window.

You will see similar options when you select a video file.

Media Applications

Although you can have multiple media programs in your computer, Windows 10
includes several options for you to use.

For music files, Windows includes the traditional Windows Media Player. However,
new Windows versions also include the Groove Music app (previously known as
Xbox Music).

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For video files, Windows also uses Windows Media Player, but now also includes the
Movies & TV app.

Windows 10 also includes the Windows DVD Player app for playing DVD’s in your
computer.

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You can also choose which application you want to use to open your media file by
following these steps −

Step 1 − Right-click any media file (music or video).

Step 2 − Select the Open with option.

Step 3 − Choose what application you want to use to open the media file.

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Windows 10 - Favorite Settings

As we’ve seen already, Windows 10 uses the new Settings app for most of its
configuration. And although the Settings app can be easily accessed through the Start
menu, Windows 10 also allows you to “pin” your favorite setting apps to the Start menu
for even easier access. A “pinned” setting app will appear directly in the tiles of your
Start
Menu.

Pin your Favorite Settings

To “pin” your favorite settings to the Start Menu, follow these steps −

Step 1 − Open the Settings window from the Start Menu.

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Step 2 − In the Settings window, point to your favorite settings and right-click.

Step 3 − On the small menu that appears, select Pin to Start.

Step 4 − Click Yes on the screen to confirm the action. After this, you will see the
Network & Internet app directly in the Start Menu.

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You can also pin more specific setting apps. To do this, follow these steps −

Step 1 − Open the Settings window again.

Step 2 − On the SETTINGS window, click on System.

Step 3 − On the SYSTEM window, right-click on Display.

Step 4 − From the small menu, select Pin to Start. Like the previous example, this
will pin the Display setting to the Start Menu.
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Unpin your Favorite Settings

Alternatively, you can remove any pinned app from the Start Menu just by right-
clicking on it and choosing Unpin from Start.

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Windows 10 - Shortcuts

In Windows 10, a shortcut is simply an icon that directs you to an item (a document,
application, or picture) that is located somewhere else in your computer. As the name
implies, shortcuts make it easier for you to access that item by being more accessible
(usually on the Desktop). Shortcuts are identified by a small arrow in the corner of the
icon.

Creating a Shortcut

To create a shortcut in your Desktop, follow these steps −

Step 1 − Position your mouse pointer over an empty space and right-click.

Step 2 − In the menu, select New and then Shortcut.

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Step 3 − On the Create Shortcut window, you can either Browse or type the location
of the item you want to access.

Choosing Browse will open another window, allowing you to search for the item in
your computer.

Step 4 − After choosing the item and

clicking Next, you can assign or change
the name with which the shortcut will be
identified.

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Step 5 − After making any changes, click Finish. You will then see the shortcut in
your Desktop.

Deleting the shortcut won’t delete the file it accesses.

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