INPUT OUTPUT

DEVICES
Input devices
These are hardware components that allow users to provide data or control
signals to a computer or other electronic systems. They are essential for
interacting with the system, enabling users to input text, commands, sounds,
images, and other forms of data. Input devices come in various forms
depending on the type of data being entered and the functionality required.
1.Bar code scanners
2. Digital Camera
3.Keyboard
4.Microphones
5.Optical Mouse
6.2D & 3D scanners
7.Touch screen
INPUT DEVICES

I. Barcode Scanners

A barcode scanner is an electronic device used to read and interpret the data encoded in
barcodes. Barcodes are visual, machine-readable representations of information, typically in
the form of a series of parallel black and white lines (1D barcodes) or squares (2D
barcodes), that contain data about an item. Barcode scanners are widely used in retail,
logistics, manufacturing, healthcare, and various other industries to automate data collection
and streamline processes.
How Barcode Scanners Work:

1. Scanning: The barcode scanner emits light (usually from a laser or LED) onto the barcode.
2. Reflection: The light reflects off the barcode, and the black lines absorb the light while the white spaces reflect it.
3. Sensor Reading: A sensor detects the reflected light and converts it into an electrical signal.
4. Decoding: The electrical signal is then decoded by the scanner's processor into digital data, which represents the information encoded in the
barcode.
5. Output: The decoded data is then sent to a computer, point-of-sale (POS) system, or another database for processing.

Types of Barcode Scanners:

1. Handheld Scanners: The most common type, held by the user and manually aimed at the barcode.
2. Fixed-Mount Scanners: Used in applications like assembly lines or kiosks, where the scanner remains stationary and items are passed in
front of it.
3. Pen-Type Scanners: These require the user to swipe the scanner across the barcode manually.
4. Laser Scanners: Use laser beams to read barcodes from a distance, often used in high-speed and long-range applications.
5. CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) Scanners: Capture multiple images of the barcode and interpret the information based on the light intensity.
6. 2D Area Imagers: Capable of reading 2D barcodes like QR codes, which store more information compared to 1D barcodes.

Common Uses:

● Retail: For scanning product barcodes at checkout counters.

● Inventory Management: To track stock levels and manage product data.
● Healthcare: For patient identification, medication tracking, and lab specimen management.
● Shipping and Logistics: For tracking packages and ensuring efficient delivery processes.
HOW BARCODES WORK?
key field refers to the unique identifier associated with the barcode that links the encoded
data (such as a product, item, or service) to its corresponding record in a database. The key
field in a barcode system typically serves as the primary key for tracking and managing
items. It ensures that each barcode corresponds to a single, distinct item or record in a
database.

Q. What Happens when a barcode is read? Enlist

Q. What are the advantages of management by using barcodes?

Q. What are the advantages of customers by using barcodes?

QR Codes
QR Codes
QR codes (Quick Response codes) are two-dimensional barcodes that can store and quickly transmit
information when scanned. They are made up of black and white squares arranged in a grid, which can be
read by devices like smartphones, QR code scanners, or cameras. Unlike traditional one-dimensional
barcodes (e.g., UPC codes), QR codes can hold a significantly larger amount of data and are more
flexible in terms of the types of data they can encode.

How QR Codes Work:

1. Encoding: When a QR code is generated, the data (such as a URL) is converted into a matrix of
squares.
2. Scanning: A camera or QR code scanner captures the image of the QR code.
3. Decoding: The scanning device decodes the pattern and retrieves the stored information, such as
redirecting the user to a website or displaying a message.
QR Codes
QR Codes
Q.Enlist a number of uses of QR codes.

Q.How QR codes are used? Write procedure.

Q.Compare QR codes with traditional scanning devices and enlist advantages and
disadvantages of QR Codes.

Q. Describe frame QR codes.

Activity 3.3
DIGITAL CAMERA
A digital camera is an electronic device
used to capture photographs and videos
in a digital format. Unlike traditional film
cameras, which record images on
photographic film, digital cameras use an
image sensor and store photos as digital
files (such as JPEG or RAW) on memory
cards. These files can easily be
transferred to a computer, shared online,
or printed.
TASKS OF DIGITAL CAMERA
HOW DIGITAL CAMERA WORKS?(ADC)
kEY BOARDS
A keyboard is an input device that allows
users to enter data, commands, and text
into a computer or other digital device. It
consists of a set of keys or buttons, each
corresponding to letters, numbers,
symbols, and special functions. The
keyboard is a primary tool for interacting
with computers, used to type documents,
control software, and execute commands.
Types Of Keyboard

1. Membrane Keyboard: The most common type, where keys are pressed onto a membrane layer to register inputs.
2. Mechanical Keyboard: Has individual mechanical switches for each key, providing tactile feedback and durability.
3. Wireless Keyboard: Connects to the computer using Bluetooth or RF signals, eliminating the need for a physical
connection via cable.
4. Ergonomic Keyboard: Specifically designed to minimize strain on the hands, wrists, and arms during long-term use.

● Designed to promote a more natural hand, wrist, and arm position, reducing the risk of
repetitive strain injuries (RSI).
HOW THE COMPUTER RECOGNISE WHEN A LETTER
IS PRESSED ON KEYBOARD?
MICROPHONES
HOW MICROPHONE WORKS?
OPTICAL MOUSE
An optical mouse is a computer pointing device
that uses a light source, typically an LED (Light
Emitting Diode), and a photodiode to detect
movement relative to a surface. Unlike traditional
mechanical mice that rely on a rolling ball to track
motion, optical mice capture images of the surface
beneath them and analyze these images to
determine movement.

Q. What are benefits of optical mouse?

Q.Enlist advantages of wired mouse over bluetooth mouse.

SCANNERS-GIVE ANSWERS:
Q. Describe the function of OCR.

Q. Differentiate between 2d and 3D scanners?

Q.What is meant by CAD?

Q.Enlist technologies used in 3D scanners.

Q.How 2D scanners are used at airports ?What is the role of OCR technology there?

Q.Enlist the data used by a 2D image to recognise a face.Q. How CT scanners work?
SCANNERS
A scanner is an input device that
captures images, text, or objects
and converts them into digital data
for processing, storage, or sharing
on a computer. Scanners are
commonly used to digitize
documents, photographs, and other
physical media.
MOST COMMON SCANNER
HOW CT SCANNERS WORK?
TOUCH SCREEN

A touch screen is a display that functions

both as an output device and an input
device, allowing users to interact directly
with what is displayed by touching the
screen. This technology enables users to
select options, input data, and control
devices without the need for external
peripherals like keyboards or mice
Applications of Touch Screens:
Touch screens are utilized in various devices and settings,
including:
● Smartphones and Tablets: For intuitive navigation and
interaction.
● Kiosks and ATMs: To provide user-friendly interfaces
for transactions and information retrieval.
● Point-of-Sale (POS) Systems: To streamline retail
transactions.
● Interactive Displays: In educational and corporate
environments for presentations and collaboration.
COMMON TECHNOLOGIES USED IN TOUCHSCREEN
Touch screens detect touch input through various technologies:

● Resistive Touch Screens: Consist of two layers that register touch when pressed
together.
● Capacitive Touch Screens: Detect touch through the electrical properties of the
human body, commonly used in smartphones and tablets.
● Infrared Touch Screens: Use an array of X and Y axes with infrared LEDs and
photodetectors to detect touch.
CAPACITIVE TOUCH SCREEN
INFRARED TOUCH SCREEN
RESISTIVE TOUCH SCREEN
Give answers:
Q.Give general structure of surface capacitive screen.
Q.Give general structure of projective capacitive screen.
Q.Describe advantages and disadvantages of projective capacitive screens over
other technologies.
Q.Describe advantages and disadvantages of infrared screen over other
technologies.
Q.Describe advantages and disadvantages of resistive touch screens over other
technologies.
OUTPUT DEVICES
Output devices are hardware components used to communicate the results of
data processing performed by a computer to the user. These devices convert
digital signals from the computer into a form that humans can perceive, such as
visual, audio, or physical output. Here are some common types of output devices:

● Actuators
● Light Projectors
● Printers
● Screen
● Speakers
ACTUATOR
An actuator is a device that converts
electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic energy into
mechanical motion or force. Actuators are
commonly used in systems that require
movement, such as machines, robots, or
control systems, to perform actions like
opening valves, moving arms, or rotating
motors. They are a key component in A solenoid actuator is an electromechanical device that
automated systems, allowing computers or converts electrical energy into linear mechanical motion. It
consists of a coil of wire that generates a magnetic field
control systems to physically interact with when energized, causing a movable iron or steel plunger
their environment. to shift position. This movement is utilized in various
applications, such as controlling valves, operating relays,
or actuating mechanical components.
LIGHT PROJECTORS
Light projectors are devices that display images or videos onto surfaces
such as screens or walls, commonly used in home theaters, classrooms,
and business presentations. They function by projecting light through a
lens system to enlarge and display content from a connected source.

Types of Light Projectors:

1. DLP (Digital Light Processing) Projectors:

○ Technology: Utilize micro-mirrors to reflect light and
create images.
○ Advantages: Compact, reliable, and capable of producing
high-contrast images.
○ Considerations: May exhibit a "rainbow effect" where
brief flashes of color are visible.
2. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Projectors:
○ Technology: Employ liquid crystal panels to modulate light
and form images.
○ Advantages: Offer sharp image quality and accurate color
reproduction.
○ Considerations: Tend to be bulkier and may have lower
contrast ratios compared to DLP projectors.
LCD Projector
How It Works:
1. Light Generation:
○ The projector's lamp (often a metal halide lamp, LED, or laser) generates intense white light. This light is directed into the
projection system.
2. Color Separation:
○ The white light is passed through a set of dichroic mirrors that split it into the three primary colors: red, green, and blue. Each
color is directed toward its own dedicated LCD panel.
3. Image Creation on LCD Panels:
○ The projector has three LCD panels (one for each color: red, green, and blue). These panels contain tiny liquid crystal cells that
either open (letting light through) or close (blocking light), depending on the electrical signals received.
○ The LCD panels modulate the light based on the image data sent by the video source. The combination of open and closed liquid
crystal cells creates the individual red, green, and blue components of the image.
4. Image Combination:
○ After passing through the LCD panels, the modulated light for each color (red, green, and blue) is combined by a prism into a
single, full-color image.
5. Projection:
○ The combined light is then passed through a projection lens, which focuses and magnifies the image before projecting it onto the
screen. The result is a large, bright, and clear display of the original digital image.
INKJET PRINTERS
LASER PRINTERS