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Brushless DC Basics

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14 views

Brushless DC Basics

Uploaded by

Bruse Slim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Brushless-DC Motor 1:

Basics
TI Precision Labs – Motor Drivers

Presented and Prepared by Sanmeshkumar Udhayakumar

1
Easy model of BLDC motor

Permanent magnet rotor


Stationary coils on stator

N
Moving magnetic field
continuously drags the rotor

S
along the circle

2
BLDC commutation
I I A

N C
B
S

N
B
C
S
I I

3
Brushed vs brushless DC motor
Brushed-DC motor Brushless-DC motor

N S
I
+ VDC -

Commutation automatically handled by Motor driver circuitry needs to handle


mechanical design commutation

4
Motor winding configuration
Wye (Y) winding
star connection Delta (∆) winding connection

Both are driven the same way

5
Sinusoidal vs trapezoidal back-electromotive force
(BEMF)

6
Electrical vs mechanical cycle
• Mechanical cycle:
Time for the motor to travel one full
revolution N

S
S
N

• Electrical cycle:
Time for the rotor to pass a pair of
poles.

𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑
𝑚𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
# 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑠

7
Motor control circuitry

Gate
drivers 3 Half-
Control
(MCU, DSP,
Feedback for
commutation
Bridge
FPGA…)
circuits
Protection

8
3 Half-Bridge circuits and gate drivers
• 3 Half-bridge circuits indicated by dotted
boxes +
• Half-bridge circuits connect motor
phases to Vcc or GND
• Gate drivers turn on/off MOSFETs in Three
half-bridge circuits to connect to Vcc or Phase
BLDC
GND

Half-Bridge Circuits

9
Control Block
• Control block: Controls gate drivers to
dictate commutation through the half-
bridge circuits
– MCU
– FPGA
– DSP
– Digital state machine
– Pure analog implementation

10
Feedback for Commutation
• Feedback of rotor position for Encoder
commutation:
– Encoders
– Hall-effect
– BEMF
Hall-Effect Sensors

11
Motor Circuitry Protection

Under-Voltage
Over current Thermal shutdown lock-out
protection (OCP)
(UVLO)

Anti-Voltage surge
Shoot-Through Lock detect
(AVS)

12
To find more motor driver technical
resources and search products, visit
ti.com/motordrivers

13

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