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Acid and Bases Problems. Tutorial

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35 views

Acid and Bases Problems. Tutorial

Uploaded by

mballyprecious3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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General Chemistry II Jasperse


Acid-Base Chemistry. Extra Practice Problems

General Types/Groups of problems:


Conceptual Questions. Acids, Bases, and p1 Kb and pKb, Base Strength, and using Kb or p7-10
Conjugates, Miscellaneous pKb to Calculate [OH-], pOH, pH, and/or [H+]
Recognizing Strong versus Weak Acids; p3 Recognizing Acid/Base Properties when p11
Recognizing Basic versus Nonbasic Ionics are Dissolved in Water
pH Calculations; Relationships between pH and pOH p4 Answers p12
Ka: Sense + Calculations. Using Ka or pKa to Calculate p5
[H+] and/or pH; using pH to calculate Ka or pKa

Conceptual Questions. Acids, Bases, and Conjugates, Miscellaneous

1. In the Brønsted–Lowry definition of acids and bases, an acid __________


a. is a proton donor. d. breaks stable hydrogen bonds.
b. is a proton acceptor. e. corrodes metals.
c. forms stable hydrogen bonds.

2. In the Brønsted–Lowry definition of acids and bases, a base __________


a. is a proton donor. d. breaks stable hydrogen bonds.
b. is a proton acceptor. e. corrodes metals.
c. forms stable hydrogen bonds.

3. In the following reaction in aqueous solution, the acid reactant is __________ and its conjugate base product is
__________.

CH3COOH + NH3 CH3COO– + NH4+


a. CH3COOH; CH3COO– d. NH3; NH4+
b. CH3COOH; NH4+ e. CH3COOH; H3O+
c. NH3; CH3COO–

4. In the following reaction in aqueous solution, the acid reactant is __________, and its conjugate base product is
__________.

CH3NH2 + HSO4– CH3NH3+ + SO42–


a. CH3NH2; CH3NH3+ d. HSO4–; SO42–
b. CH3NH2; SO42– e. HSO4–; H3O+
c. HSO4–; CH3NH3+

5. Which of the following is the conjugate acid of the hydrogen phosphate ion, HPO 42–?

a. H3PO4 d. PO43–
b. H2PO4– e. H3O+
c. HPO42–
2

6. Which one of the following is not a conjugate acid–base pair?


a. NH3 and NH4+ d. HS– and H2S
b. H3O+ and OH– e. NH3 and NH2–
c. H2PO4– and HPO42–

7. Which one of the following is a conjugate acid–base pair?


a. NH3 and NH4+ d. H2O and O2–
b. H3O+ and OH– e. NaF and F–
c. NH2- and NH4+

8. Which one of the following is a conjugate acid–base pair?


a. NaF and F– d. NH4+ and NH2–
b. HNO3 and HNO2 e. H2O and H2O2 c. HI and I–

9. Which one of the following is not a conjugate acid–base pair?


a. NH3 and NH2– d. H2PO4– and HPO42–
b. HNO3 and HNO2 e. H2O and OH–
–
c. HI and I

10. The stronger the acid, __________


a. the stronger its conjugate base. d. the less concentrated the conjugate base.
b. the weaker its conjugate base. e. the more concentrated the conjugate base.
c. the more concentrated the acid.

11. Ammonia (NH3) acts as a weak base in aqueous solution. What is the acid that reacts with this base when ammonia is
dissolved in water?
a. none, there are no acids in pure water
b. H2O
c. NH4+
d. trick question, because no acids are present, ammonia cannot act as a base
e. oxygen that always is dissolved in water

Recognizing Strong versus Weak Acids; Recognizing Basic versus Nonbasic

13. Which of the following is a strong acid?


3
a. HNO3 d. HCO3–
b. H2S e. HOCl
c. HNO2

14. Which one of the following is a strong acid?


a. nitrous acid, HNO2 d. hydrofluoric acid, HF
b. sulfurous acid, H2SO3 e. perchloric acid, HClO4
c. carbonic acid, H2CO3

15. Which one of the following is not a strong acid?


a. nitric acid, HNO3 d. hydrochloric acid, HCl
b. sulfuric acid, H2SO4 e. perchloric acid, HClO4
c. carbonic acid, H2CO3

16. Which of the following compounds cannot be a Brønsted–Lowry base?


a. OH– d. NH4+
b. H2O e. SH–
c. NH3

17. Each of the following pairs contains one strong acid and one weak acid EXCEPT:
a. H2SO4 and H2CO3
b. HNO3 and HNO2
c. HBr and H3PO2
d. HSO4- and HCN
e. HCl and H2S

18. Which one of the following is NOT basic?


a. OH– d. SO42-
b. NO3– e. HPO42-
c. NH3

19. Which one of the following is basic?


a. Cl– d. HSO4-
b. NO3– e. SO42-
c. ClO4-

pH Calculations; Relationships between pH and pOH


4

20. If the pH of a solution increases by 2 units (e.g., from 1 to 3), then the ratio of the new to the original hydronium ion
concentration is __________
a. 2/1 d. 1/100.
b. 100/1 e. 1/1, unchanged c. 1/2

21. When [H+] = 1.0 × 10–7 M in water at 25°C, then __________


a. pH = 1. d. [OH–] = 1.0 × 107 M.
b. pH = 10–7. e. [OH–] = 0 M.
c. [OH–] = 1.0 × 10–7 M.

22. When [H+] = 4.0 × 10–9 M in water at 25°C, then __________


a. pH = 9.40. d. pH = 8.40.
b. pH = 7.00. e. pH = –9.40
c. pH = –8.40.

23. A solution with pH of 9.50 has a pOH of __________


a. 9.50. d. 23.5.
b. 0.50. e. 19.0.
c. 4.50.

24. A solution with an [OH–] concentration of 1.20 × 10–7 M has a pOH and pH of __________
a. 6.92 and 7.08 d. 7.08 and 6.92
b. 1.00 and 13.00 e. 5.94 and 8.06
c. 5.35 and 8.75

25. A solution with a pOH of 4.3 has a [H+] of __________

a. 6.8 × 10–9 M. d. 2.0 × 10–10 M.


b. 3.2 × 10–4 M. e. 4.3 M.
c. 4.8 × 10–5 M.

26. Which statement, A–D, is not correct? If all are correct, respond E. Pure water at 25°C has __________
a. Kw = 1.0 × 10–14. d. pH = 7.
b. pOH = 7. e. A–D are all correct.
c. [H3O+] = [OH–].

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