Q1.

The collision bulkhead is located

a) just aft of the engine room
b) Just forward of engine room
c) at the forward end of the vessel
d) at the aft end of the vessel

Q2. Height of the draft marks in metres is

a) 15 cms
b) 10 cms
c) 12 cms
d) 20 cms
Q3. Which of the following operate rudder in the vessel
a. The steering gear
b. Auxiliary engine
c. Main engine.
d. Emergency generator.

Q4. Summer Displacement - Summer Deadweight

a. Present displacement
b. Light displacement
c. Deadweight Aboard
d. Summer lightweight
Q5. The distance between the T and S of the l o a d lines is
a. 1/48 of the Tropical draft
b. 50mm
c. 1/48 of the summer draft
d. 1/48 of the Winter draft

Q6. In the following which is not a method to measure volume of the

liquid in a tank
a. Soundin
b. Ullages
c. Visual estimation
d. Radar tank gauge

Q7. The specific gravity of a substance is the ratio between its density and
a. the density of steel
b. the density of salt water
c. density in vacuum
d. the density of fresh water

Q8. A vessel goes from SW to FW, no weight on board has been changed, which
among these will change
a. displacement
b. deadweight
c. deadweight aboard
d. TPC

Q9. A load Hydrometer measures

 a. specific gravity
b. density
c. temperature
d. all of above

Q10. Fuel oil tank vents are fitted with corrosion resistant screens to prevent
a. flames entering through the tank vent
b. escape of flammable vapors
c. corrosion in the tank vent
d. damage to the ball check

Q11. Explain the function of double bottom tank on a vessel.

Answer: The double bottom space can be used for carrying fuel, ballast and
fresh water. In addition, it provides an extra margin of safety, in the event of
bottom shell damage. In such situation double bottom will prevent the flooding
of cargo compartment, only the double bottom space may be flooded

Q12. Draw sketch of a sounding pipe and explain function of striker plate.
Ans:

In double bottom tank striker plates are fitted under the sounding pipe to
minimize the damage to outer bottom of the ship which may be caused by due
to frequent striking of sounding rod while taking sounding of the tank.
Q13. Write formulae to calculate TPC and explain why it varies with draft.
Ans: Tonnes Per Centimetre (TPC) is the number of tonnes required to cause
the ship to sink or to rise by one centimetre. TPC is indicated as MT / cm

TPC = (WPA / 100) x RD of water displaced

Q14. What is Block Coefficient? How does it help to calculate displacement of a

vessel?
Ans:
The block coefficient Cb of a ship at any particular draft is the ratio of the under-
water volume (UWV) of displacement at that draft to the volume of a rectangular
block having the same length (LBP), breadth and depth.
It helps in calculating displacement of vessel by multiplying it with underwater
volume and density.

Displacement = UWV x RD = (Cb x L x B x d) x RD

Q15. What is Reserve buoyancy? Write down formulae to calculate percent

reserve buoyancy.
Ans:
Reserve buoyancy on a ship refers to volume of intact enclosed space above
water level that is still available to keep the vessel afloat in case of extra weight
added, flooding or damage to any compartment occurs.

Above Water Volume (AWV)

RB % = -------------------------------------- x 100
Total Volume (TV)

(a)Sketch a profile view of a general cargo ship and show following

1. Collision Bulk head 2. Tank Top 3. Forepeak tank 4. After Peak Tank
5. DB tank 6. Bottom hull plating 7. Engine Room bulk heads 8. Steering
Gear compartment 9. Cofferdam 10. Hatch cover
(b) A ship is floating at 8.0m mean draft in dock water of relative density 1.015
TPC=21.5 tons and FWA=162mm. The maximum permissible draft is 8.1m. find
the amount of cargo yet to load

Present draft = 8.00m

Maximum draft = 8.10m
Sinkage required to reach maximum draft = 0.10m = 10cm
TPCsw = 21.5
TPC Dw = 21.5 x1.015/1.025
= 21.29
Cargo to load = Sinkage x TPC
= 10 x 21.29
= 212.9 tons
Q17.
(a) Sketch double bottom tank of a longitudinally framed vessel and name
following parts:
1.keel 2. Centre girder 3. Floor 4. Intercoastal side girder 5. Longitudinals

(b) Define Following

1. Displacement 2. Relative Density 3. Deadweight available 4. TPC
 5. Waterplane Coefficient

1. Displacement: it is the weight of the water displaced by a ship when

floating freely and equals to the Lightweight of the ship PLUS everything on
it (DWT). It is the weight of a ship in “Metric Tonnes (MT)”.
2. Relative Density: Relative density is the ratio of density of a substance
to the density of fresh water at 15°c. It indicates the number of times the
substance is heavier or lighter than fresh water.
RD has no units.
Density of substance
RD of substance = -------------------------------
Density of fresh water
3. Deadweight available: It is the total weight of cargo, fuel, lubes, ballast
water, fresh and feed water in tanks, consumable stores, passengers, crew
and their effects that can still be loaded on the ship to bring the top of her
Summer LL to the water surface in salt water.
Summer displacement – Present displacement = DWA
4. Air draft: It is the height of the highest point on the ship from the water
level at the maximum draft end. It is used when passing under over-head
obstruction i.e. bridge, power cables etc.

5. Waterplane Coefficient: The coefficient of fineness of the water-plane

area (WPA) is the ratio of the area of the water-plane to the area of a
rectangle having the same length and moulded breadth.

WPA

P
Q18. (5 x 2 = 10 Marks)
(a)Sketch and label Ballast Tank Air Pipe with vent head.
(b) A homogeneous log of wood 3mx 0.75mx 0.75 m floats in SW with one
face horizontal. If the RD of the log is 0.8, calculate the vertical distance
between its COG and its COB.
Ans:
Volume of log of wood = (L x B x H) = (3m x 0.75m x 0.75m)
RD of SW = 1.025, RD of the log = 0.8m
Mass of the log = (volume x density) = (3 x 0.75 x 0.75 ) x (0.8) = 1.35 t
Since, log floats freely so Mass = Displacement
1.35 = (u/w volume) x(density)
1.35 = (L x B x draft) x (1.025)
1.35 = ( 3x 0.75 x draft) x (1.025)
So, draft = 1.35/(3 x 0.75 x 1.025)
Draft = 0.585 m
COB = (1/2 x draft) = (0.585/2) = 0.2925m
COG = (1/2 x height) = (0.75 / 2) = 0.375m
Hence, Vertical distance between COB and COG = (0.375 – 0.295) = 0.083m

Q19.
(a) Draw load line and Plimsol marks on a ship of more than 100m in length.
Label the vertical and horizontal distances.
 b) A box-shaped vessel of 3500 tons displacement has dimensions
60mx12mx7m. Calculate her percentage reserve buoyancy when she enters the
FW.
Ans:
Displacement = 3500 tons
Dimensions = 60mx12mx7m
RD = 1.0
Underwater volume = displacement / density
= 3500 / 1.000
= 3500 m³
Total volume of vessel= 60 x 12 x 7
= 5040 m³
Above water volume = 5040 – 3500 = 1540 m³

% RB = Above water volume x 100 / Total volume

= 1540 x 100 / 5040
= 30.55

Q20.
(a) A tank will hold 120 tons when full of fresh water. Find how many tons
of oil of Relative density 0.95 may be loaded if 2% volume of oil loaded is
to be allowed for expansion.
Mass of FW in tank=120 tons

Density of FW= 1.0 tons/m³

Volm of tank= 120x1=120cbm

Let us assume that volume of oil loaded is v

Volume of tank = Volume of oil loaded + free space for expansion

120 = v + 0.02v

V = 120/1.02 = 117.647 m³

Volm of oil loaded in the tank= 117.647 m³

RD of oil loaded = 0.95

Mass of oil= volume x density=117.647x0.95=111.764 tons

(b)Define and illustrate:

1.Camber 2. Run 3. Shear 4. Extreme Breadth 5. Moulded draft

1. Camber: It is the rise of the deck plating at the center line above the sides
of the deck. Camber of the deck is measured at the center line and midship of
the ship as the vertical distance between the parallel drawn joining the sides of
the deck and parallel drawn at the apex of the deck plating. Camber of the deck
helps in draining water or any liquid from the deck.
2. Run: It is the length of the ship’s hull measured from aft to the point from
where port and starboard hull plating narrowing ends and starts parallel on port
and starboard side.

Aft Forward
Run Parallel body Entranc
e
3. Shear: The upward curvature of the deck in a fore and aft direction, rising
from midships to a maximum at the ends. The sheer forward is usually twice
that aft. Sheer on exposed decks makes a ship more seaworthy by raising
the deck at the fore and after ends further from the water and by reducing
the volume of water coming on the deck. Sheer on a ship results in increased
reserve buoyancy and helps to drain the water from the fore castle and
quarter deck.

4. Extreme Breadth: Extreme breadth means the maximum breadth measured

from the outside of the shell plating of the vessel on port and starboard side. It
means the athwartship distance between the extremity of the outermost
permanent structure on the port side and the extremity of the outermost
permanent structure on the starboard side of a vessel.
 Extreme Breadth

5. Moulded depth: It is the vertical distance between the inner surface of the
weather deck plating and the inner surface of the bottom plating. It is
measured along the center of the main beam.

Q21.
(a) Construct a displacement curve from the following data:
Draft (m) 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0
Displacement (MTs) 376 736 1352 2050 3140 4450
From this curve find 1. displacement at a draft of 2.3m 2.If this ship floats on
2.3m mean draft and then loads 850 tons of cargo and discharges 200 tons of
Cargo. Find her new mean draft.

(i) Displacement at 2.3m mean draft 920 tons

(ii) Displacement after operation= 920+850-200=1570 tons
New draft = 3.3m
b) Find the pressure and total thrust on tank top of a DB tank
20mx10.5mx2.0m when tank is filled with salt water to a sounding of 9.3 m.
Answer: Sounding of the tank = 9.3m
Depth of the tank = 2.0m
Height of SW above tank top = 7.3m
Pressure on the tank top = ht x density
= 7.3 x 1.025 t/m²
Area of tank top = 20x10.5 m²
Total thrust acting on the tank top =Area x Pressure
= 20x10.5x7.3x1.025 tons
= 1571.325 tons

Q22.
(a) A ship is loading in a summer zone in dock water of Relative density 1.005,
FWA=62.5mm, TPC=15 tons. The Summer loadline on the port side is line with
the water line and 5cm above the water line on starboard side. Find how much
more cargo may be loaded if the ship is to be at correct load draft in salt water.

Mean height of S from water line when vessel is upright = 0+5/2 = 2.5cm
Change in draft due to change in density
= FWA x Change in density/0.025
= 62.5 x 0.020/0.025
= 50mm = 5 cm
Total sinkage = 5+2.5 = 7.5 cm
TPCsw = 15
TPC Dw = 15x1.005/1.025
= 14.707

Cargo to load = Sinkage x TPC

= 7.5 x 14.707
= 110.3 tons
(b) Describe Why WNA mark Is situated 50mm Below the Winter Load Line for
the vessel Less than 100m in length.
Ans: When a vessel is bound to enter any part of the North Atlantic Ocean
above 36°N during its winter period an additional load line called the WNA load
line is assigned 50 millimetres below the winter mark. This mark is present only
on vessels that do not exceed length of 100 m.

The requirement for the WNA mark to be 50mm below the W mark on vessels
less than 100m in length is to provide safety during winter voyages to the
smaller vessel in the North Atlantic due to reason that rough weather and
harsher conditions prevail in this area during the winter season. By maintaining
a slightly reduced draft or more freeboard in winter, small ships can have more
reserve buoyancy and hence more safety margin. They can navigate better
through potentially rougher seas and avoid hazards such as submerged ice or
wave heights that may be present due to weather conditions.