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Forge genuine friendships

建立真正的友谊
e.g.
Whilst modern technology facilitates communication between people, it does
not necessarily bring people closer or forge true friendships.
虽然现代科技技术促进了人们之间的沟通，但它不一定让人们更亲近，或是建立

真正的友谊。

Be anxious in social situation

在社交场合很焦虑
e.g.
Worse yet, when all verbal communication is replaced by text messages and
emojis, children may become anxious in social situations, afraid to interact with
others.
更糟糕的是，当所有的口头沟通都被短信和表情包取代，孩子们可能在社交场合

变得更焦虑，害怕与他人互动。

Self-defeating
事与愿违的，适得其反的
e.g.
Most people work to earn a living and secure a better life for themselves or their
dependents. It would be self-defeating if people were slaves to their work and
has little time to socialize.
大部分为了谋生，也为了给自己和家人提供更好的生活。如果人们都变成工作的

奴隶，没有时间去社交，这适得其反。

Hang out with friends

跟朋友闲逛
e.g.
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It is common to hear workers complaining about the monotony of their daily

working routine and what a luxury it would be to have a carefree day shopping
or hanging out with friends in a coffee shop.
经常听到打工人抱怨他们日常工作的单调乏味，能没心没肺地购物或和朋友出去

在咖啡店聊天多么的奢侈。

Nurture personal relationships

培养人际关系
e.g.
Celebrating the birthday of a loved one, reading a book of cartoons with children
or simply sitting with friends or families having a meal and a good conversation
helps people to relax and nurture personal relationships.
为心爱之人庆生，给孩子读一本漫画，或简单地与亲朋好友吃个午饭聊聊天，都

有助于人们放松和培养感情。

Wed to the job

嫁给工作
e.g.
Most people have heard of the expression “wedded to the job”. This is
increasingly becoming the norm for millions of people who spend long hours at
work to finish the latest assignment or to get ahead in the rat race.
大部分人都听过“嫁给工作了”。这也越来越成为数百万人的常态，他们花长时间

于工作来完成新任务或在激烈竞争中拔得头筹。

A slave to one’s work

工作的奴隶
e.g.
It would be self-defeating if people were slaves to their work and has little time
to socialize.
如果人们都变成工作的奴隶，没有时间去社交，这适得其反。

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Achieve financial security

实现财政稳定
e.g.
The primary reason that most people work is to achieve financial security, which
is a precondition for personal happiness.
大部分人工作的主要原因是实现财务稳定，这是个人幸福的前提。

Play an overriding role in

扮演着首要（最重要）作用
e.g.
Given that most sources of pleasure are dependent on having a secure job,
jobs definitely play an overriding role in personal happiness.
鉴于快乐的来源依赖于一份稳定工作，工作肯定在个人幸福上发挥压倒一切的作

用。

Advance into the competitive working world

进入竞争激烈的职场
e.g.
When young people graduate from university and advance into the competitive
working world, friendships become even more vulnerable.
当年轻人毕业进入竞争激烈的职场，友谊变得更加脆弱。

A low-paying but secure job

底薪但稳定的工作
e.g.
The debate over whether a low-paying but secure job is better than a high-
paying yet less secure job is fierce one.
一份底薪但稳定的工作是否优于一份高薪但不稳定的工作，此争论非常激烈。

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Strain one’s nerves

让人神经紧张
e.g.
Besides the work itself, high expectations from the supervisors, along with
intense competition among colleagues, strain people’s nerves.
除了工作本身，上级的高期待以及同事之间的激烈竞争都让人紧张。

Develop a resilient personality

培养有韧性的性格
e.g.
Working a job with high pay but lower security is the best way for people to
improve themselves and develop a resilient personality.
工资高但不稳定的工作是人们进步和培养坚韧个性的最佳途径。

Have deeper insights into

对…有深刻见解
e.g.
As individuals pool their observations and ideas, we may have deeper insights
into the academic problems that we are stuck in and inspire each other to come
up with the best solution.
当每个人都贡献自己的观察和想法时，我们就可以更深入地了解困住我们的学术

问题，并激励彼此提出最好的解决方案。

A hopeless procrastinator
无可救药的拖延症患者
e.g.
I was once a hopeless procrastinator who almost never met homework
deadlines. I tried hard to break this horrid habit but all my efforts were futile.
我曾是个无可救药的拖延症患者，从来没按时完成过作业。我很努力地想打破这

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个可怕的习惯，但是徒劳。

Catch a better glimpse of

更好地了解
e.g.
By reading an assigned historical document, a student may catch a better
glimpse of what happened – the dynasty rose and then fell – as well as why it
happened – the ruling family failed to produce strong heirs.
通过阅读指定的历史文件，学生可以更好地了解发生了什么—— 王朝的建立和

崩塌——，以及它为什么发生—— 统治家族没有足够强的继承人。

Take the initiative to do

主动做…
e.g.
In such a case the child may take the initiative to read about the most current
advancements in the field of mathematics.
在这种情况下，孩子可以主动阅读数学领域最新的进展。

A crippling lifetime habit

一个极有害的终身习惯
e.g.
This kind of habitual procrastination, if not discouraged early on, can become a
crippling lifetime habit.
这种习惯性的拖延，如果不早早劝止，可能铸成终身的坏习惯。

Suffer from depression

遭受抑郁
e.g.
If you were at the brink of breaking up with your girlfriend, you would like to
suffer from depression.
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如果你处于和你女朋友分手的边缘，你可能很抑郁。

Be admitted into one’s dream school

被理想的学习录取
e.g.
If two applicants both have good grades and test scores, then the one who has
participated in more extracurricular activities and made meaningful
contributions to them will have a higher chance of being admitted into his dream
school.
如果两个申请人都有好的成绩和分数，那么参加更多课外活动并做出有贡献意义

的人将有更高的机会被理想的大学录取。

Be anxious in social situation

在社交场合很焦虑
e.g.
Worse yet, when all verbal communication is replaced by text messages and
emojis, children may become anxious in social situations, afraid to interact with
others.
更糟糕的是，当所有的口头沟通都被短信和表情包取代，孩子们可能在社交场合

变得更焦虑，害怕与他人互动。

The catastrophic levels of pollution

灾难性程度的污染
e.g.
Whilst some advocate that governments should prioritize the protection of
forests and wildlife, others point to the pressing need to concentrate on
reducing the catastrophic levels of pollution.
有些人提倡政府应优先考虑森林和野生动物，但另一些人之处专注于减少污染的

迫切需要。

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Be exacerbated by…
被…加剧
e.g.
The burning of coal and oil contributed to the high levels of carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere, which leads to global warming; smog, which is a severe
problem in metropolises, is exacerbated by the soaring numbers of gas
guzzling cars on the road.
煤炭和石油的燃烧造成了空气中大量的二氧化碳，这导致了全旗气温变暖；雾霾，

大城市的一个严重问题，路上激增的燃油汽车加剧了此问题。

Environmental degradation
环境恶化
e.g.
Whilst this is an efficient and cheap form of producing crops on an industrial
scale, it has many negative consequences, the most obvious being
environmental degradation.
尽管这是一个高效，便宜，以工业规模大量生产农作物的形式，它却有很多消极

后果，最明显的消极后果是环境恶化。

Environmental hazards
环境危害
e.g.
The availability of economical and inexhaustible sources of energy will reduce
the dependency on fossil fuels and put an end to the above-mentioned
environmental hazards.
使用便宜且可再生的能源能降低对石化能源的依赖，切结束前面提到的那些环境

危害。

Consumption of fossil fuel

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化石燃料（传统能源）的消耗
e.g.
Air pollution can only be solved once people start monitoring their consumption
of fossil fuel.
只有人们开始监控自己的化石燃料消耗，空气污染问题才能的到解决。

The reckless expansion of …

…无节制的扩张
e.g.
The reckless expansion of modern agriculture will backfire and even put an end
to human civilization.
现代农业不顾后果的扩张会带来反作用，甚至结束人类文明。

Renewable sources of energy

可再生能源
e.g.
However, opponents contend that traditional sources are better because they
are less expensive than renewable sources of energy.
然而，反对者主张传统能源更好，因为传统能源比可再生能源更便宜。

Harmful by-products
有害的副产品
e.g.
Traditional energies generate harmful by-products such as carbon dioxide,
sulfur dioxide or nitrogen dioxide, which contaminate water, pollute the air and
pose a real threat to inhabitants of these places.
传统能源产生有害的副产品，比如二氧化碳，二氧化硫或二氧化氮，这些污染水，

空气，对这些地方的居民产生严重危害。

At an alarming rate
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以惊人的速度
e.g.
Endangered species are disappearing at an alarming rate due to deforestation
and over-hunting. The key to reverse this trend lies with individuals efforts.
因为滥砍滥伐和过度狩猎，濒危物种正在以惊人的速度小时。扭转局势的关键在

于每一个人的努力。

The enactment and enforcement of laws

法律的制定和实施
e.g.
The enactment and enforcement of laws to reduce pollution could hardly yield
the desired consequences.
颁布实施法律来降低污染很难收获到想要的结果。

Be lured by
被…吸引
e.g.
People, especially the young, are lured by new technological gadgets. They
see being the first to have it as a source of admiration and fulfilment.
人们，尤其是年轻人，被新的科技产品所吸引。他们把第一个拥有新科技和发明

作为让人钦佩和成就感的来源。

Rational consumer behaviours

理性的消费行为
e.g.
However, being an early adopter is not rational consumer behaviour. Early
adopters tend to pay a higher price and risk imperfect quality.
然而，成为第一个拥有的人并不是理智的消费行为。早入手的人可能会给更多的

钱，还有质量差的风险。

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A sense of vanity
虚荣心
e.g.
Their sense of vanity makes them believes that being the first to have
something enhances their image.
他们的虚荣心让他们觉得成为第一个拥有产品的人可以提高他们的形象。

Give someone the appearance of being wealthy

让某人看上去富有
e.g.
… and gives them the appearance of being wealthy or of having exquisite taste.
还让他们看上去很有钱，或者有品味。

Maintain one’s competitiveness

保持竞争力
e.g.
Competing products with nearly identical appearance and functionality
continuously hit the market, and producers subsequently resort to price cuts to
maintain their competitiveness.
具有几乎相同的外观和功能的竞争产品不断进入市场，生产商随后采取降价措施，

以保持他们的竞争力。

High-end products
高端产品
e.g.
They also tend to offer more high-end products which can be a little expensive
than mass produced goods sold in big retail shops.
他们往往提供更高端的产品，可能比在大连锁商店卖的大批量生产的产品要贵一

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些。

Exert a significant financial burden to ordinary families

给普通家庭造成很大的财政负担
e.g.
… ask their parents to buy it for them, exerting a significant financial burden to
ordinary families.
叫爸妈买给他们，给普通家庭造成很大的经济负担。

Take all factors into account

考虑到所有因素
e.g.
This shared information enables potential buyers to take all factors into account
before making the final purchase decision.
这种共享的信息使潜在的买家在做出最终购买决定之前考虑到所有的因素。

Economical and reliable

省钱又可靠的
e.g.
Although people gain satisfaction from buying new stuff, rationality in the
purchasing process helps people get more economical and reliable products.
虽然人们在购买产品时获得了满足，但在购买过程中的理性有助于帮人们获得更

便宜且可靠的产品。

Reckless spending
不计后果的消费
e.g.
Most of us are raised to appreciate the virtue of saving money for the future as
opposed to reckless spending.

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我们中的大多数人都被这样将于，欣赏储蓄的美德，反对大手大脚的花钱。

Remain positive in the face of adversity

在逆境中保持乐观
e.g.
Sports can also teach people how to overcome failure and remain positive in
the face of adversity.
运动也教会人们在逆境中如何克服失败保持积极向上。

A respite from one’s hectic work and study

繁忙工作和学习的片刻喘息
e.g.
Considering this, regular physical exercise becomes not only an option but a
necessity. It provides young people respite from their hectic work and study
schedules, giving them precious time to relax.

Lift one’s spirit

振作精神
e.g.
An afternoon on the court, laughing with friends, lifts my spirits and helps get
rid of stress.
在球场上待一个下午，跟朋友一起大笑，帮我振作精神摆脱压力。

Stress-free life
没什么压力的生活
e.g.
In contrast, elderly people lead a relatively comfortable and stress-free life,
which may not make exercise as necessary for them.
对比之下，老年人生活舒适轻松，这使得运动对他们来说没那么必要。

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Stress-busting benefits
减压的好处
e.g.
Regular exercise increases overall health and has direct stress busting benefits,
helping young people cope with the realities of modern life.
规律的锻炼有助健康且减压，帮助年轻人应对现代生活的的纷纷扰扰。

Obesity, diabetes and premature death

肥胖，糖尿病和过早的死亡
e.g.
Overeating can lead to obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes and even
premature death, as high profile cases in the United States have demonstrated.
过度饮食会导致肥胖症，高血压，糖尿病甚至早逝，正如美国备受关注的案例所

示。

A blessing in disguise
因祸得福
e.g.
whereas many people view stress with negativity, I think it can actually be a
blessing in disguise.
即使很多人用负面的眼光看待压力，我认为这实际上是个好事。

Sports enthusiasts
体育爱好者
e.g.
Sports enthusiasts point to the well documented mental, physical and social
benefits of sports, not to mention the personal skills that people develop through
participation in sporting activities.
体育爱好者指出运动有一些有据可查的身心及社交益处，更不用说人们通过参加

体育活动发展的人际技能。

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A rich array of
一系列丰富的
e.g.
More schooling does not necessarily equate a better education as education
encompasses a rich array of aspects other than simply knowledge from
textbooks.

Stretch their attention span

延长注意力集中的时间
e.g.
If they force themselves to stretch their attention span, then their physical
condition deteriorates, leading to a decline in efficiency and productivity, be it
at work or at study.
如果他们强迫自己延长注意力的时间，他们的身体状况会变得糟糕，使得效率和

生产力下降，不管是工作还是学习。

Slack-off on
在…上松懈（不认真）
e.g.
They will become absent-minded in class and slack-off on homework
assignments.
他们会在课上走神，且在家庭作业上松懈。

Less privileged families

贫困家庭
e.g.
…aiming at helping children from less privileged families.
旨在帮助贫困家庭的小孩

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Leave behind materialistic desires

放弃物质欲望
e.g.
The encounter made me realize the power of dreams and how certain
aspirations can motivate a person to leave behind materialistic desires, such
as a stable job.
这次相遇让我明白梦想的力量，以及特定的追求能鼓励一个人放弃物质欲望，比

如一份稳定的工作。

Fall by the wayside

半途而废，中途退出
e.g.
Humanities and creative disciplines such as the arts and music, are
marginalized and often fall by the wayside.
人文和一些创意学科，比如艺术和音乐，被边缘化还经常被抛在一边。

Be entitled to
有权做…
e.g.
Everybody is entitled to making mistakes.
每个人都有犯错误的权利。

Deter crimes
阻止犯罪（打消犯罪的念头）
e.g.
In this case, some hold the idea that criminals should be given proper education
while in prison in order to deter crimes and be blessed with more chances of
employment after they are released.
在这种情况下，有的人认为，为了打消他们犯罪的想法，应给狱中的劳改犯合适

的教育，在出狱后赋予他们更多就业的机会。

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Released from prison

出狱（被放出来）
Rehabilitation
狱中劳改（注意语境）
e.g.
The main factor for most offenders committing crimes again, once they have
been released from prison, is due to the lack of rehabilitation whilst in jail.
大部分人出局子后重新犯罪的主要原因是在狱中缺乏劳动改造。

Behind the bars

关在监狱（铁栏杆后面）
e.g.
It is noticeable that most of prisoners take their majority of time for doing nothing
after being locked behind the bars.
很明显大部分蹲监狱的人在狱中的大部分时间都是无所事事。

Malignant and antisocial

恶毒和反社会的
e.g.
It is my belief that nurture, not nature, is responsible for malignant and antisocial
behaviours.
我认为是后天的教育，而不是本性，对应该恶毒和反社会的行为负责。

Impede … from doing

Hinder… from doing
阻止..不…
e.g.
This solution would hopefully impede them from taking any chances and hinder
them from reoffending because they are being so closely watched.

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这个办法有希望阻止他们心存任何侥幸，阻碍他们重新违法犯罪因为被盯得死死

的。

Lead to discriminations
导致歧视
e.g.
However, I doubt that it might put too much strain on the authorities and worse
yet, it might lead to discriminations which weakens chances of being employed.
然而，我怀疑这会对当局造成过多的压力，更糟糕的是，这可能会导致歧视，让

劳改犯就业的机会降低。

Reintegrate back into society

重新融入社会
e.g.
By doing this, it will help them reintegrate back into society and give them
some means of supporting themselves financially.

这样一来，这将帮助他们重新融入社会，且给他们能在经济上自给自足的办法。

Serve sentence
服刑
e.g.
To sum up, to ensure that all criminals entering prison are given the chance to
retrain with useful skills will hopefully ensure them a job after they have served
their sentence.
总的来说，保证所有进入监狱的罪犯都有机会学习有用的技能，将在他们服完刑

后让他们有工作保障。

Strengthens their criminal intentions

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助长他们犯罪的想法
e.g.
In other words, offenders are not given a chance to retrain and learn new skills
for their future or develop a deeper understanding of correct moral behaviour
and instead mix with other criminals, which only strengthens their criminal
intentions.
换句话说，劳改犯没有机会接受教育学习新的技能，或者对正确道德行为有更深

的理解，而与其他罪犯混在一起，这仅能助长他们犯罪的想法。

Repeat offenders
惯犯/屡教不改的罪犯
e.g.
There are two effective solutions to the problem of repeat offenders.
对于屡教不改的罪犯有两个有效措施。

Supervision and checks

监督和检查
e.g.
Another method of dealing with criminals who reoffend is to have more
supervision and checks in place when they are back in society.
另一个解决反复犯罪的办法就是，当放他们出去以后多给点监督和检查。

Taking chances
冒险
e.g.
This solution would hopefully prevent them from taking any chances and deter
them from reoffending because they are being so closely watched.

这个办法可以阻止他们冒险和重新犯罪，因为他们被盯得死死的。

With the ubiquity of

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随着…的普及

Gain increasing momentum

发展非常快，势头大增

Office-based workplace
实体办公

Superior and preferable

更好，更优越

A standing joke
老笑话

Be of paramount importance
至关重要的

Distinctive personality traits and dispositions

与众不同的个性

Introverted personalities
内向的性格

Dilute efficiency
降低效率

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Lead a moderate and balanced life

过着适度而均衡的生活

It is tempting to think that…

人们容易认为…

The irregular living and dining patterns

不规律的生活和饮食模式

Develop symptoms of stress

出现压力大的症状

A life-threatening condition
威胁生命的情况

Rise from obscurity to global fame

从默默无闻到举世闻名

Soul-stirring music
振奋人心的音乐

Soothe one’s nerves and restore one’s soul

缓解紧张，重塑灵魂

Rejuvenate themselves both mentally and physically

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身心恢复活力

Have in-depth discussions

开展深度讨论

Have deeper insights into

对…有深刻的见解

Break one’s habit of procrastination

打破某人拖延的习惯

Thirst for knowledge

对知识的渴望

Overcome boredom and fatigue

克服无聊和疲倦

Recharge one’s batteries

使…再次充满活力

Endure the loneliness

忍受孤独

Put one’s nerves on edge

使…心烦意乱

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Exam-oriented reading
考试导向的阅读

Become a catalyst for

成为…的催化剂

Be swayed by…
被…影响

The odds are in one’s favour

某人很可能成功

A crippling lifetime habit

一个终身有害的习惯

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