NEMA Standards Publication SG 10-2019

Guide to OSHA and NFPA 70E Safety Requirements

When Servicing and Maintaining Medium-Voltage Switchgear, Circuit Breakers,
and Medium-Voltage Controllers Rated above 1000 V

Published by

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900
Rosslyn, Virginia 22209

www.nema.org

© 2020 National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights, including translation into other languages,
reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literacy and
Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American copyright conventions.
 NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER

The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged
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necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development
of this document.

NEMA Standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed
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of the statement.

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Foreword

This guide was written to emphasize basic principles and guidance for safety when performing inspection,
operation, and maintenance of medium-voltage switchgear, circuit breakers, and medium-voltage
controllers rated above 1000 V. It also draws the reader’s attention to important OSHA and NFPA safety
Standards. Proposed or recommended revisions should be submitted to:

NEMA Technical Operations Department

National Electrical Manufacturers Association
1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900
Rosslyn, VA 22209

This guide was developed by the Switchgear Section of the Power Equipment Division. Section approval
of the guide does not necessarily imply that all section Members voted for its approval or participated in
its development. At the time this guide was approved, the Section was composed of the following
Members:

Organization Name City State

ABB Inc. Cary NC
Eaton Cleveland OH
Federal Pacific Bristol VA
G&W Electric Company Bolingbrook IL
GE Grid Solutions Charleroi PA
Hubbell Incorporated Shelton CT
Mersen USA Newburyport-MA, LLC Newburyport MA
Mitsubishi Electric Power Products, Inc. Warrendale PA
S&C Electric Company Chicago IL
Schneider Electric Boston MA
Siemens Industry, Inc. Norcross GA
Toshiba International Corporation USA Houston TX
Z Power & Distribution Inc. Anaheim CA

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CONTENTS

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................ i
Section 1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 General Considerations ............................................................................................................. 1
1.4 Safety......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 References ................................................................................................................................ 3
Section 2 Definitions ................................................................................................................................ 5
2.1 Qualified Persons ...................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Approach Boundaries ................................................................................................................ 5
Section 3 Training ..................................................................................................................................... 6
Section 4 Job Plan .................................................................................................................................... 7
4.1 Job Plan Creation ...................................................................................................................... 7
4.2 Job Briefing ................................................................................................................................ 7
Section 5 Emergency Plan ....................................................................................................................... 8
Section 6 Area Security ............................................................................................................................ 9
Section 7 Removing Equipment from Service .................................................................................... 10
7.1 Voltage Detection .................................................................................................................. 10
7.2 Grounding ............................................................................................................................... 10
7.3 Lockout/Tagout Procedures ................................................................................................... 11
Section 8 Returning Equipment to Service .......................................................................................... 12
Section 9 Recordkeeping and Responsibilities of Individuals .......................................................... 13
9.1 Recordkeeping ........................................................................................................................ 13
9.2 Responsibilities of Individuals ................................................................................................. 13
Appendix A Job Plan Example ........................................................................................................... 14

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Section 1
General

1.1 Scope
The main objective of this guide is to enhance electrical safety awareness and mitigate electrical hazards
to Members of the workforce assigned to servicing and maintaining switchgear, owners, and users of the
equipment, and the public. The goal of this guide is to ensure the adoption of OSHA and NFPA 70E
safety-related practices for electrical work and requirements of electrical safety.

Provisions contained herein are applicable to all Members of the workforce who are engaged in testing,
servicing, maintaining, and decommissioning switchgear, circuit breakers, and controllers rated above
1000 V.

This guide emphasizes OSHA and NFPA 70E safety requirements when servicing and
maintaining equipment covered in, but not limited to, the following Standards:

a. Medium-voltage metal-clad switchgear assemblies (rated 1000 through 38,000 V) in accordance

with ANSI/IEEE C37.20.2, Standard for Metal-Clad Switchgear
b. Medium-voltage metal-enclosed switchgear assemblies (rated 1000 through 38,000 V) in
accordance with ANSI/IEEE C37.20.3, Standard for Metal-Enclosed Interrupter Switchgear
c. Circuit breakers rated above 1000 V in accordance with ANSI/IEEE C37.04, Standard Rating
Structure for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers
d. Medium-voltage controllers in accordance with UL 347, Medium-Voltage AC Contactors,
Controllers, and Control Centers
e. Medium-voltage pad-mounted switchgear (rated 1,000 through 38,000 V) in accordance with IEEE
C37.74, Standard Requirements for Subsurface, Vault, and Pad-Mounted Load-Interrupter
Switchgear and Fused Load-Interrupter Switchgear for Alternating Current Systems Up to 38 kV.
f. C37.60, IEEE/IEC International Standard—High-voltage switchgear and controlgear—Part 111:
Automatic circuit reclosers and fault interrupters for alternating current systems up to 38kV

For convenience, this equipment will be called switchgear assemblies. Switchgear assemblies and
controller assemblies may contain but are not limited to devices such as power circuit breakers,
contactors, interrupter switches, selector switches, power fuses, controls, instrumentation, metering, and
other protective equipment. These assemblies may be part of unit substations.

1.2 Purpose
The provisions of the National Electric Code® (NEC), Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace,
NFPA 70E, National Electric Safety Code (NESC), and OSHA Standards contained in this guide should
be complied with at all user-controlled premises. These guidelines have specific requirements that apply
to installations, servicing, and maintaining switchgear regardless of when they were designed or installed
and are considered essential for ensuring workplace safety.

1.3 General Considerations

Working on or around electrical equipment is potentially dangerous, and accidents in the course of
maintaining and servicing electrical equipment can lead to death or serious injury. These accidents do not
have to happen. Almost all accidents can be avoided if OSHA and NFPA Standards, as well as the
operation and maintenance instructions for the equipment, are carefully followed. Read and understand
them fully before work is started! A few examples by which maintenance and service personnel might
avoid serious injury or death when working around electrical equipment:

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a. If you are tired or stressed, take a break from work and avoid the risk of a serious accident
that might be caused by worker fatigue or stress.
b. Do not assume that a conductor is de-energized. A false assumption can lead to serious
injury or death. Confirm that a conductor is de-energized and grounded before working on
electrical equipment.
c. Do not assume that electrical equipment is de-energized. Again, a false assumption can lead
to serious injury or death. Review the entire operation sequence for disconnecting and
grounding with a second knowledgeable person before doing the work, and make sure the
entire sequence for disconnecting and grounding is followed. Failure to follow the entire
operation sequence could lead to serious injury or death.
d. Do not rely on interlocks and other indicators to prevent an accident. Relying on interlocks
and indicators is not a substitute for following the entire operation sequence for disconnecting
and grounding electrical equipment to de-energize and avoid the risk of death or serious
injury. Interlocks are only a backup.
e. Follow the Standards and recommended practices developed by OSHA and NFPA 70E.

The purpose of this guide is to alert operating and maintenance personnel who service and maintain
switchgear assemblies to federally required safety procedures in OSHA 29 CFR Parts 1910 and 1926,
and NFPA 70E. This guide is based on the versions of OSHA and NFPA 70E Standards in effect when
this guide was prepared (2019).

This guide DOES NOT include all of the requirements in the OSHA and NFPA 70E Standards. Users of
this guide are responsible for understanding all of the applicable requirements in these Standards and in
any other codes and Standards in effect for their installations. This guide also does not address the tasks
required during maintenance (e.g., removal of arc chutes, cleaning of insulation, lubrication, which are
discussed in the instruction manuals for the specific equipment).

1.4 Safety
Always assume that hazardous voltage is present in switchgear assemblies unless proven to be in an
electrically safe work condition as defined in NFPA 70E. This voltage can cause serious injuries, such as
a shock or burn, or even death. Only qualified persons should be allowed to operate, inspect, or maintain
switchgear assemblies.

Additional hazards that might be present include arc flash, acoustic shock, and toxic byproducts caused
by an internal arcing fault and other sources of energy, such as mechanical energy.

OSHA and NFPA Standards contain requirements for a continuing safety program, training personnel,
and performing work safely. The manufacturer neither condones nor assumes any responsibility for
practices that deviate from those requirements.

Appropriate warning signs should be displayed on the switchgear. These signs should follow ANSI and
OSHA requirements for warning signs and typically provide the following information:

a. Alert personnel to the level of the hazard.

b. State the hazard clearly.
c. Describe the consequences.
d. Give instructions on how to avoid the hazard.

Inspection or maintenance on switchgear assemblies should be performed in accordance with safety

procedures listed in OSHA 29 CFR 1910.333, NFPA 70E Chapter 2, NFPA 70B Chapter 6, and the
manufacturer’s service instructions. The basic requirements include, but are not limited to, the following:

a. All sources of power to the equipment have been turned off, including possible back feed
sources. See the note under Section 4.2.

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b. All power sources have been locked out and tagged out.
c. Adequate visible grounding connections have been applied.

1.5 References
The following normative documents contain provisions, which through reference in this text, constitute
provisions of this Standards Publication. By reference herein, these publications are adopted, in whole or
in part as indicated, in this Standards Publication. Use the latest version, including amendments.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

11 West 42nd Street
New York, NY 10036

ANSI C2 National Electrical Safety Code

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

1 Batterymarch Park
Quincy, MA 02169-7471

ANSI/NFPA 70 National Electrical Code®

ANSI/NFPA 70B Recommended Practice for Electrical Equipment Maintenance
ANSI/NFPA-70E Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace

IEEE
3 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016-5997

ANSI/IEEE C37.04 Standard Rating Structure for AC High-Voltage Circuit Breakers with Rated
Maximum Voltage Above 1000 V
ANSI/IEEE C37.20.2 IEEE Standard for Metal-Clad Switchgear
ANSI/IEEE C37.20.3 IEEE Standard for Metal-Enclosed Interrupter Switchgear
ANSI/IEEE C37.20.6 IEEE Standard for Medium-Voltage Ground and Test Devices Used in
Enclosures
ANSI/IEEE C37.74 IEEE Standard Requirements for Subsurface, Vault, and Pad-Mounted
Load-Interrupter Switchgear and Fused Load-Interrupter Switchgear for
Alternating Current Systems Up to 38 kV
IEEE Standard 902 IEEE Guide for Maintenance, Operation, and Safety of Industrial and
Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Yellow Book)
IEEE Standard 510 IEEE Recommended Practices for Safety in High-Voltage and High Power
Testing
IEEE 1584 IEEE Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations

IEEE/IEC C37.60 High-voltage Switchgear and Controlgear - Part 111: Automatic circuit
reclosers and fault interrupters for alternating current systems up to 38 kV

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

100 Barr Harbor Drive
PO Box C700
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959

ASTM F855 Specifications for Temporary Protective Grounds to be Used on

De-energized Electric Power Lines and Equipment

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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

200 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20210

OSHA 29 CFR Part 1910 Occupational Safety and Health Standards

OSHA 29 CFR Part 1926 Safety and Health Regulations for Construction

Underwriters Laboratories
Comm-2000
1414 Brook Drive
Downers Grove, IL 60515

UL 347 Medium Voltage AC Contactors, Controllers, and Control Centers

U.S. Department of Energy

1000 Independence Ave., SW
Washington, DC 20585

10 CFR 851 Worker Safety and Health Program

DOE O 440.1A Worker Protection Program for DOE (including the National Nuclear
Security Administration), Federal Employees Guide for Use with
DOE O 440.1B
DOE O 430.1B Real Property Asset Management

In addition to the above documents, safety procedures and programs established by the owner of the
facility, prime contractors, and equipment supplier’s recommendations should be coordinated in
developing a safety program to which to adhere.

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Section 2
Definitions

2.1 Qualified Persons

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.399 defines a qualified person as “one who has received training in and has
demonstrated skills and knowledge in the construction and operation of electric equipment and
installations and the hazards involved.” NFPA 70E Article 100 defines a qualified person as “one who has
demonstrated skills and knowledge related to the construction and operation of the electrical equipment
and installations and has received safety training to identify and reduce the associated risks.”

NFPA 70E Article 110 also states, “a qualified person shall be trained and knowledgeable of the construction
and operation of equipment or a specific work method and be trained to recognize and avoid the electrical
hazards that might be present with respect to that equipment or work method. Such persons shall also be
familiar with the proper use of special precautionary techniques, PPE*, insulating and shielding materials,
and insulated tools and test equipment. A person can be considered qualified with respect to certain
equipment and methods but still be unqualified for others.”

Note: PPE—personal protective equipment, including arc-flash suit, insulating gloves, etc.

2.2 Approach Boundaries

Refer to NFPA 70E Article 130.4 for specific requirements regarding distances from exposed energized
electrical conductors and circuit parts that define approach boundaries.

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Section 3
Training

In accordance with 29 CFR 1910.332 and NFPA 70E Chapter 1, all personnel associated with
maintenance or service of switchgear assemblies should be qualified. They should be trained in:

a. Safety-related work practices and procedural requirements necessary to provide protection from
electrical hazards
b. The ability to identify and understand the relationship between electrical hazards and possible
injury
c. The skills and techniques that are necessary to distinguish exposed energized parts from other
parts of electrical equipment
d. The skills and techniques that are necessary to determine the nominal voltage of exposed
energized parts
e. Approach distances specified in 29 CFR 1910.333 and the shock protection boundaries and
approach boundaries specified in NFPA 70E Chapter 1
f. Decision-making process necessary to determine the extent of the hazard and the personal
protective equipment and job planning required to perform the task safely

Qualified persons should also be trained in and familiar with:

a. Lockout/tagout procedures specified in 29 CFR 1910.147 and NFPA 70E

b. Proper use of and maintenance of personal and other protective equipment as specified in NFPA
70E
c. Proper use of test equipment
d. Proper procedures to apply temporary protective grounds
e. Electrical equipment in general, as well as the particular model of equipment involved

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Section 4
Job Plan

4.1 Job Plan Creation

Before servicing, maintaining, or performing diagnostic routines on switchgear assemblies, a job plan in
accordance with NFPA 70E Chapter 1 is required. See Appendix A for an example. Established
Standards and regulations related to maintenance, operation, installation, and safety, including OSHA
requirements, National Electric Safety Code (ANSI C2), National Electric Code® (NEC, NFPA 70),
Recommended Practices for Electrical Equipment Maintenance (NFPA 70B), and Standard for Electrical
Safety in the Workplace (NFPA 70E) should be available, closely studied, and followed.

4.2 Job Briefing

The person in charge of servicing, maintaining, or diagnostic routines on switchgear assemblies should
be qualified and responsible in accordance with NFPA 70E. That person should conduct a job briefing
with all employees involved at the beginning of each day and each shift, and audit practices to assure
conformance. The job briefing should include, but is not limited to:

a. Tasks and objectives

b. Electrical system parameters
c. Voltages (line-to-line)
d. Short-circuit current available at equipment
e. Power sources and protective device(s) fault clearing time
f. System single-line or three-line electrical diagrams
g. Approach boundaries per NFPA 70E Chapter 1
h. All sources of power, including back feed sources (see note below)
i. Hazards
j. Work procedures
k. Energy source controls
l. Personal protective equipment
m. Testing and service equipment
n. Safety grounding equipment
o. Lockout and tagout procedures and materials
p. Switchgear assembly information, including modifications after installation
q. Manufacturer’s instruction books, recommended practices, and checklists
r. Manufacturer’s outline, schematic, and detail wiring drawings, including modifications after
installation
s. Nameplate data and information
t. Review local safety procedures with responsible persons
u. Review and understand the consequences of actions (and failure to act) on other operations at a
facility

Note: “Back feed” refers to any possible source of conductors' energization from other than the normal
source. This can include sources such as test equipment, generators, alternate sources, emergency
sources, temporary connections, and many other sources of voltage (intentional or unintentional). Take
special precautions to isolate control and instrument transformers from their primary circuits prior to
injecting any secondary test voltage.

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Section 5
Emergency Plan

Emergency plans include the following items as a minimum:

a. Communications
b. First aid per 29 CFR 1910.151
c. CPR per 29 CFR 1910.269(b)(1)
d Medical services availability and evacuation plan per 29 CFR 1910-38(c)(2) and 29 CFR 1926
Subpart C

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Section 6
Area Security

Barricades (tapes, cones, fences, or metal structures) should be erected in the work area to provide
warning and to limit access to a hazardous area. Refer to 29 CFR 1910.335 and NFPA 70E Chapter 1.

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Section 7
Removing Equipment from Service

The ’individual’s correct sequence of actions while performing service or maintenance is essential to
prevent accidents. Each ’person’s knowledge, mental awareness, and planned and executed actions
often determine whether an accident will occur.

Incorrect procedures, unplanned energization from potential sources of back feed, and/or equipment
malfunctions, among other reasons, are causes of accidents around electrical equipment. Only a qualified
person should be allowed to de-energize equipment and remove it from service. The following
summarizes typical safety practices, including those required by OSHA and NFPA:

a. Assume all conductors are energized unless properly grounded.

b. Wear proper personal protective equipment.
c. Disconnect all primary sources of electrical power.
d. Disconnect all control power sources.
e. Isolate voltage transformers and control power transformers at the primary and secondary
connections.
f. Lockout/tagout all sources of energy, including control power.
g. Test for absence of voltage using a testing device intended for the voltage. See Section 7.1.
h. Interlocks, position indicators, and visual inspection alone do not guarantee personal safety.
i. Apply temporary protective grounds in accordance with Section 7.2.
j. Have another qualified person conduct a safety check to ensure circuits are de-energized, tagged
out/locked out, and properly grounded.

7.1 Voltage Detection

Voltage detection should be performed only by a qualified person who is properly trained in accordance
with 29 CFR 1910.333(b) (2) (iv) (B) and NFPA 70E Chapter 1. The procedure below summarizes typical
safety practices used when de-energizing circuits or equipment, including those required by OSHA and
NFPA.

a. Test voltage detector operation against known voltage source (at the same voltage as the
operating voltage of the circuit to be tested).
b. Test circuit to be serviced or grounded for the absence of voltage.
c. Retest voltage detector operation against known voltage source (at the same voltage as the
operating voltage of the circuit tested) to verify that the voltage detector has not failed.

Some equipment might have a built-in voltage detection system, which can be used provided the system
can be tested to prove that it is in working condition. Follow items 1-3 above.

7.2 Grounding
Temporary protective grounding equipment should be applied. Refer to 29 CFR 1910.269.

The grounding conductors and connections should be in good condition and adequate to carry full fault
current from all possible sources for the maximum duration required for the protective equipment to clear
the circuit. Refer to NFPA 70E Chapter 1.

Some equipment might have built-in grounding switches. These can be used with, or in place of,
temporary protective grounds.

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7.3 Lockout/Tagout Procedures

Tags, by themselves, are not adequate to ensure that a circuit will remain de-energized. Lockout/tagout
requirements are found in 29 CFR 1910.147 and 1910.333, and NFPA 70E Article 120.

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Section 8
Returning Equipment to Service

Only a qualified person should be allowed to re-energize equipment and return it to service. The following
points summarize typical safety practices, including those required by OSHA and NFPA:

a. Inspect equipment for tools, loose wires, test jumpers, temporary protective grounds, etc.
b. Test as required (e.g., power frequency withstand voltage test, megger).
c. Inform facility personnel of pending equipment energization.
d. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
e. Clear area of personnel.
f. Wear proper personal protective equipment.
g. Remove temporary protective grounds or open grounding switches.
h. Remove lockout tags and locks.
i. Energize control circuits.
j. Secure all doors, covers, latches, and other points of access.
k. Restore equipment to operating configuration.

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Section 9
Recordkeeping and Responsibilities of Individuals

9.1 Recordkeeping
All field testing records, including replacement of parts, repairs, equipment maintenance, inspection
records, and personnel training records, must be maintained.

9.2 Responsibilities of Individuals

It is the responsibility of all levels in the organization, from management to Members of the workforce, to
ensure a safe workplace where the level of risk from electrical hazards that might cause injury, illness, or
death is as low as reasonably achievable. Managers shall expect all personnel to comply with these
regulations.

Members of the workforce are expected to report immediately to management any unsafe conditions and
stop work until the condition is corrected.

While the work is performed, field supervision should be assigned to a qualified person who is given the
responsibility to observe the workers and operations being performed, prevent careless acts, quickly de-
energize the equipment in emergencies, and alert emergency personnel, and who has completed CPR
training.

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Appendix A
Job Plan Example
for Servicing and Maintaining Switchgear Assemblies

1. Voltage Level Involved

Main circuit voltage (phase to phase)
Control voltage (max)

2. Flash Protection required per NFPA 70E guidelines?

YES NO

3. Personal Protection (per OSHA, NEC & NFPA 70E)

3.1 Approved type test equipment to be used:
a. Voltage sensing, Contact Non-contact
b. Voltage measurement Current Measurement _
c. Thermographic Phasing _
d. Other _

3.2 Type of hand shock protection (insulated gloves), voltage rated with protectors:
500 V (“Class 00”) 1,000 V (“Class 0”) 7.5 kV (“Class 1”)
17 kV (“Class 2”) 26.5 kV (“Class 3”) 36 kV (“Class 4”)
Other

3.3 Flash protection required; body part protection level:

a. Total Body Protection
b. Eye Protection _
c. Hand
d. Head Protection (face, neck, and chin) _
e. Foot and Leg Protection __
f. Ear Protection
g. Other

3.4 Other protective equipment and considerations

a. Guarded/Insulated Tools
b. Insulate Worker from Ground
c. Hard Hat/Safety Glasses
d. Safety Grounds or Grounding Switches
e. Discharge Grounds
f. Fall Protection
g. Non-Conductive Ladders
h. Other

3.5 Securing work area

a. Barricades
b. Signs
c. Person(s)
d. Other

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4. Equipment on which work is to be performed

a. Location _
b. Manufacturer
c. Model
d. Type: Metal-Clad Switchgear Metal-Enclosed Interrupter Switchgear
Circuit Breaker
e. Voltage Class
f. Year of Manufacture
g. Serial Number
h. Number of Cubicles, Sections or Circuit Breakers
i. Indoor Outdoor
j. Condition
k. Visual Inspection Findings: Is there adequate:
l. Working space Yes No
m. Lighting Yes No
n. Access/Egress Yes No

5. Verification of Information: References Used to Prepare the Plan

a. Single Line Diagram No. __
b. Schematic Diagram No.
c. Manufacturer Manuals __
d. Other documentation
e. Are there any back feeds? Yes No
f. Are there any external power sources? Yes No

6. Step-by-Step Written Work Plan

7. Emergency Response Information

a. Nearest Telephone Location __
b. Emergency Response Telephone Number
c. Fire Extinguisher Location
d. CPR Trained Person __
e. Other Communication Needs __

8. Review and Authorization

Name/Title Signature

9. Job Plan Review with Person(s) Performing Work

Worker(s) signatures _

© 2020 National Electrical Manufacturers Association