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Lectures (4) Strength of Materials I

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Lectures (4) Strength of Materials I

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roneali098
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Strength of Materials I

College of Engineering
Mechanical Engineering Department
2nd year(3th semester)
2024-2025

Lecturer : Dr.Thaker Saleh Dawood 1


Thermal Stresses and Strains
A change in temperature can cause a body to change its dimensions. Generally,
if the temperature increases, the body will expand, whereas if the temperature
decreases the body will contract. In other wards, changes in temperature
produce expansion or contraction which cause thermal strain and thermal
stress in a body. From the experiments, it is found that, the relation between
the thermal deformation and temperature change is linear. Then, the thermal
deformation can be given by:

where :
δThermal :is the change in the length (thermal deformation),
α :is the coefficient of thermal expansion, units of strain
per C,
ΔT : is the change in temperature in degrees,
L : is the original length of the bar.
2
Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood
Thermal Strain: The thermal strain εThermal can be given by the following expression:

Then the stress due to this change in temperature is:

ΔT is positive if increase temperature and negative if decrease in temperature.

Coupled Strains: When the structural member


(body) is subjected to mechanical and thermal
forces at the same time, the total axial strain
is given by:

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 3


Compound Bars Subjected to Temperature Change:

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 4


Statically indeterminate members:
When the reactive forces or the internal resisting forces over a cross section
exceed the number of independent equations of equilibrium, the structure is
called statically indeterminate ,These cases require the use of additional
relations that depend on the elastic deformations in the members.

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 5


Example: A rectangular block of a material with a modulus of rigidity G = 90 ksi
is bonded to two rigid horizontal plates. The lower plate is fixed, while the
upper plate is subjected to a horizontal force P. Knowing that the upper plate
moves through 0.04 in. under the action of the force, determine (a)the average
shearing strain in the material, (b)the force P exerted on the upper plate.
Solution:
For small angle

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 6


Example: Determine the deformation of the steel rod shown in figure under the
given loads E=29*10^6 psi.

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 7


Solution:

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 8


Example : The steel pipe is filled with concrete and subjected to a compressive
force of 80kN. Determine the average normal stress in the concrete and the
steel due to this loading. The pipe has an outer diameter of 80mm and an inner
diameter of 70 mm. Use Est=200 Gpa and Econcrete=24 GPa.

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 9


Example: A prismatic bar of circular cross –section is loaded by tensile force
(P=85kN). The bar has length (3 m) and diameter (30 mm). It is made of
aluminum with modulus of elasticity (70 GPa) and Poisson's ratio (1/3).
Calculate the elongation, the decrease in diameter and the change in volume.

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 10


Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 11
Example : The steel rod shown in Figure, has a diameter of 10 mm. It is fixed to
the wall at A, and before it is loaded, there is a gap of 0.2 mm between the wall
at B and the rod. Determine the reactions on the rod if it is subjected to an
axial force of P = 20 kN.(Neglect the size of the collar at C). Take Est= 200 GPa.

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 12


Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 13
Example: The three steel bars shown in the Figure, are pin connected to a rigid
member. If the applied load on the member is 15 kN, determine the force
developed in each bar. Bars AB and EF each have a cross-sectional area of 50
mm2, and bar CD has a cross-sectional area of 30 mm2.

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 14


Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 15
Example
The rigid beam shown in the Figure is fixed to the top of the three posts made of
steel and aluminum. The posts each have a length of 250 mm when no load is
applied to the beam, and the temperature is T1=20C.Determine the force
supported by each post if the bar is subjected to a uniform distributed load of 150
kN/m and the temperature is raised to T2= 80C. (Est= 200 Gpaand Eal= 73.1 Gpa).
(αst = 12x10^-6 and αal = 23x10^-6)

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 16


Due to load, geometry, and material symmetry, the top of each post is displaced
by an equal amount. So, δst= δal

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 17


Example:

Solution:

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 18


Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 19
Example: Determine (a) the compressive force in the bars shown after a
temperature rise of 180 F°, (b) the corresponding change in length of the
bronze bar.
Solution:

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 20


Compression

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 21


End of lecture 4

Lecturer :Dr. Thaker Saleh Dawood 22

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