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Talen, Emily, and Gerrit Knaap. 2003. "Legalizing Daniels, Tom, and Deborah Bowers. 1997. Holding Reuse Handbook A Navigational Guide for Local
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694 APA Divisions and Chapters

APA DIVISIONS AND CHAPTERS

APA DIVISIONS
Divisions give APA members the opportunity to pin Sacramento Valley Section Western New York Section
together with others who share common interests. San Diego Section North Carolina Chapter
Divisions publish newsletters, sponsor conference Colorado Chapter Northern New England Chapter (Maine,
sessions, maintain websites, and offer other electronic Connecticut Chapter Vermont, and New Hampshire)
means of member communication, as well as net-
Delaware Chapter Ohio Chapter
working opportunities. Some divisions also
Florida Chapter Akron Section
participate in the review of APA's Policy Guides. More
Atlantic Coastal Section Cincinnati Section
on APA divisions, listed below, can be found on the
Web at www.planning.org/divisions. Broward Section Cleveland Section
Capital Area Section' Columbus Section
Emerald Coast Section Miami Valley Section
City Planning and Management
First Coast Section Northwest Ohio Section
Economic Development
Gold Coast Section Oklahoma Chapter
Environment, Natural Resources, and Energy
Heart of Florida Section Oregon Chapter
Federal Planning
Orlando Metro Section Pennsylvania Chapter
Gays and Lesbians in Planning Promised Lands Section Central Section
Housing and Community Development San Felasco Section Lehigh Valley Section
Indigenous Planning Sun Coast Section Northeast Section
Information Technology Treasure Coast Section Northwest Section
International Georgia Chapter Southeast Section
New Urbanism Hawaii Chapter Southwest Region Section
Planning and Law Illinois Chapter Rhode Island Chapter
Planning and the Black Community Chicago Metro Section South Carolina Chapter

Planning and Women Indiana Chapter Tennessee Chapter

Iowa Chapter Chattanooga Section
Private Practice
Kansas Chapter Knoxville Section Director
Regional and Intergovernmental Planning (for-
Kansas City Metro Section Memphis Section Director
merly Intergovernmental Affairs) Kentucky Chapter Nashville Section
Resort and Tourism Louisiana Chapter State of Franklin Section
Small Town and Rural Planning Acadian Section Texas Chapter
Transportation Planning Baton Rouge/Capitol Section Central Texas Section
Urban Design and Preservation New Orleans Section Houston Section
North Louisiana Section Midwest Section
Maryland Chapter North Central Section
APA CHAPTERS
Massachusetts Chapter Northwest Texas Section
Chapters are a local source for networking and pro- Michigan Chapter San Antonio Section
fessional development. Most chapters offer an annual Minnesota Chapter Southeast Texas Section
conference, educational workshops, AICP exam Mississippi Chapter Southmost Texas Section
preparation courses, and a newsletter. Many chapters
Missouri Chapter West Texas Section
also conduct legislative programs, sponsor planning
Kansas City Metro Section Utah Chapter
commissioner training workshops, and conduct pub-
Ozark Mountain Section Virginia Chapter
lic information campaigns. Some chapters have
suborganizations, called sections, which focus on a St. Louis Section Central Section
specific region within the chapter area. More on APA National Capital Area Chapter Northern Virginia Section
chapters, listed here, and some sections are on the Nebraska Chapter Rappahannock Section
Web at www.planning.org/chapters. Nevada Chapter Shenandoah Valley Section
Northern Section Southwest Section
Alabama Chapter Southern Section Tidewater Section
Alaska Chapter New Jersey Chapter Washington Chapter
Arizona Chapter New Mexico Chapter Inland Empire Section
North Central Section New York Metro Chapter Northwest Section
Southern Section Hudson Valley Section Peninsula Section
Arkansas Chapter Long Island Section Puget Sound Section
California Chapter NYC Section Southwest Section
Central Coast Section New York Upstate Chapter West Virginia Chapter
Inland Empire Section Capital District Section Western Central (Montana, Idaho, North
Los Angeles Section Central New York Section Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming)
Northern Section Genesee/Finger Lakes Section Wyoming Section
Orange Section Southern Tier Section Wisconsin Chapter

APA DIVISIONS AND CHAPTERS

 The Planning Accreditation Board's Accredited University Planning Programs 695

THE PLANNING ACCREDITATION BOARD'S

ACCREDITED UNIVERSITY PLANNING PROGRAMS
The Planning Accreditation Board (PAB) accredits PAB-Accredited Schools Fax: 48G/965-9656
programs in North America leading to bachelor's and Note: An asterisk (*) indicates Probationary E-mail: [email protected]
master's degrees in planning. The accrediting process Accreditation. Website:
is based on standards approved by the PAB and its www.asu.edu/caed/sop/honl/pfogram.htm
sponsoring organizations: the American Institute of ALABAMA A&M UNIVERSITY Bachelor of Science in Planning, 2002
Certified Planners (AICP), the Association of Department of Community Planning & Urban Master of Environmental Planning, 2002; 1992
Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP), and the Studies
American Planning Association (APA). Accreditation School of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences BALL STATE UNIVERSITY
is granted through a planning program's self-study 308 Dawson Building Department of Urban Planning
process and reports validation by a site visit team. Normal, Alabama 35762 College of Architecture 8c Planning
The standards by which a program is assessed Chukudi V. Izeogu, Chair Architecture Building 327
encourage quality education for the preparation of Chair Phone: 256/858-4990 Muncie, Indiana 47306-0315
the planning profession's future practitioners. The Dept. Phone: 256/851-5425 Bruce Frankel, Chairperson & Professor
schools listed below have all been accredited by stan- Fax: 256/851-5906 Dept. Phone: 765/285-1963
dards that are contained in the PAB's publication, The E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 765/285-2648
Accreditation Document. Website:saes.aamu.edu E-mail: [email protected]
The precursor of today's accreditation process was Bachelor of Science in Urban Planning, 2002; 1986 Website: www.bsu.edu/urban/
first the American Institute of Planners School Master of Urban & Regional Planning, 2002; 1976 Bachelor of Urban Planning &. Development,
Recognition Program, initiated in 1956, and, later, the 2003; 1995
National Education Development Committee, created UNIVERSITY AT ALBANY, STATE UNIVERSITY *Master of Urban & Regional Planning, 2003;
in 1974. Both of these bodies granted recognition, a OF NEW YORK 1993
process that continued through 1984, when the Department of Geography and Planning
Planning Accreditation Board first accredited plan- College of Arts and Sciences UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
ning programs. Arts & Sciences 218 School of Community & Regional Planning
The PAB is a professional member of the Council Albany, New York 12222 433-6333 Memorial Road
for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). In PAB's Ray Bromley, Director, Graduate Planning Vancouver, British Columbia
accreditation review process, both students and prac- Program Canada V6T 1Z2
titioners are involved. The maximum accreditation Director Phone: 518/442-4766 Anthony H.J. Dorcey, Director
cycle granted is seven years. The program's self-study Dept. Phone: 518/442-4770 Director Phone: 604/822-5725
begins a year before its resultant report. Though the Fax: 518/442-4742 Program Phone: 604/822-3276
maximum cycle is seven years, a shorter cycle may be E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 604/822-3787
granted. Dept. E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
The date following the degree title of a given school Website: www.albany.edu/gp Website: www.scarp.ubc.ca
in the list is the first year of the most recent accredita- Master of Regional Planning, 2000 Master of Arts or Master of Science (Planning),
tion period; the second date indicates when the 2000; 1970
program was first accredited or, through an earlier THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
process, recognized. The PAB does not rank accredited School of Planning UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO, STATE UNIVERSITY
planning programs. Additional information about these College of Architecture, Planning, and Landscape OF NEW YORK
programs should be sought from the programs listed on Architecture Department of Urban and Regional Planning
the PAB website, www.netins.net/showcase/pab_66, or Architecture Building, Room 214 School of Architecture and Planning
the Association of Schools of Planning website, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0075 3435 Main Street, 116 Hayes Hall
www.acsp.org. The list included here was current at the Barbara Becker, Director Buffalo, New York 14214-3087
time of publication; check the PAS website for the most Director Phone: 520/621-3661 Kathryn A. Foster, Associate Professor & Chair
current list. Program Phone: 520/621-9597 Dept. Phone: 716/829-2133, ext. 109
Fax: 520/621-9820 Fax: 716/829-3256
• PAB policy on degree status. Any student enrolled at E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
the time the program held accreditation status Website: planning.arizona.edu/html/home.htm Dept. E-mail: [email protected]
(including probationary accreditation), and who Master of Science in Planning, 2003; 1998/1971- Website:
earns the degree within the three years from the 1982 www.ap.buffalo.edu/planning/index.asp
effective date of the termination of that status, will Master's in Urban Planning, 2004; 1988
be considered to be a graduate of an accredited ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY
program. College of Architecture and Environmental UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY
• PAB policy on retroactive accreditation. Students Design Department of City & Regional Planning
who graduate after the beginning of the fall term of School of Planning and Landscape Architecture College of Environmental Design
the academic year in which the site visit occurs for P.O. Box 872005 228 Wurster Hall
a program subsequently granted accreditation will Tempe, Arizona 85287-2005 Berkeley, California 94720-1850
be considered to have graduated from an accred- Hemalata C. Dandekar, Director John Landis, Chair
ited program. Program Phone: 480/965-7167 Chair Phone: 510/642-1324

THE PLANNING ACCREDITATION BOARD'S ACCREDITED UNIVERSITY PLANNING PROGRAMS

696 The Planning Accreditation Board's Accredited University Planning Programs

Dept. Phone: 510/642-3256 6210 DAAP Building, 2624 Clifton Ave. CORNELL UNIVERSITY
Fax: 510/642-1641 Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0016 Department of City and Regional Planning
E-mail: [email protected] David J. Edelman, Professor &. Director College of Architecture, Art, and Planning
Website: www.dcrp.ced.berkeley.edu Director Phone: 513/556-2378 109 West Sibley Hail
Master of City Planning, 2000; 1960 Dept. Phone-. 513/556-4943 Ithaca,, New York 14853
Fax: 513/556-1274 Pierre Clavel, Chair
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE E-mail: [email protected] Dept Phone: 607/255-6848
Department of Planning, Policy, and Design Website: ucplanning.uc.edu Fax: 607/255-1971
School of Social Ecology Bachelor of Urban Planning, 2004; 1966 E-mail: pc29dcomeil.edu
Irvine, California 92697-7075 Master of Community Planning, 2004; 1964 Website: www.dcrp.comell.edu
Marlon Boamet, Chair & Associate Professor Master of Regional Planning, 2003; 1959
Chair Phone: 949/824-7695 CLEMSON UNIVERSITY
Dept. Phone: 949/824-3480 Department of Planning and Landscape EAST CAROLINA UNIVERSITY
Fax: 949/824-8566 Architecture Department of Planning
E-mail: [email protected] College of Architecture, Arts, and Humanities School of Industry & Technology
Website: www.seweb.uci.edu/urp 121 Lee Hall, Box 340511 Rawl Annex 139
Master of Urban and Regional Planning, 2003; Ciemson, South Carolina 29634-0511 Greenville, North Carolina 27858
1998 J. Terrence Farris, Director Mulatu Wubneh, Professor and Chairperson
Director Phone: 864/656-3903 Chair Phone: 252/328-1272
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES Dept. Phone: 864/656-3926 Dept Phone: 252/3284465
Department of Urban Planning Fax: 864/656-7519 Fax: 252/328-1269
School of Public Policy and Social Research E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
3250 Public Policy Building Website: www.clemson.edu/caah/pla/index.html Website: www.sit.ecu.edu/Planning/index.htm
Los Angeles, California 90095-1656 Master of City and Regional Planning, 2004; 1972 Bachelor of Science in Urban and Regional
Anastasia Loukaitou-Sideris, Chair Planning, 2003
Chair Phone: 310/206-9679 CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY
Dept. Phone: 310/825-4025 Master's Program in Planning, Design, and EASTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY
Fax: 310/206-5566 Development Urban and Regional Planning Program
E-mail: [email protected] Levin College of Urban Affairs Department of Geography and Geology
Website: www.sppsr.ucla.edu 1717 Euclid Avenue, Room UR 316 College of Arts and Sciences
Master of Arts in Urban Planning, 2001; 1971 Cleveland, Ohio 44115 Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197-2219
Wendy A. Kellogg, Associate Professor & Norman Tyler, Director
CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE UNIVER- Director Dept. Phone: 734/487-8656
SITY, SAN LUIS OBISPO Director Phone: 216/687-5265 Fax: 734/487-6979
City & Regional Planning Department Dept. Phone: 216/687-2136 E-mail: [email protected]
College of Architecture and Environmental Fax: 216/687-9342 Website: http://planning.emich.edu
Design E-mail: [email protected] Bachelor of Science or Bachelor of Arts/Major in
San Luis Obispo, California 93407 Website: www.urban.csuohio.edu Urban and Regional Planning, 2003; 1998
William J. Siembieda, Department Head Master of Urban Planning, Design, and
Dept. Phone: 805/756-1315 Development, 2003; 1998 EASTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
Fax: 805/756-1340 Department of Urban Planning, Public and
E-mail: [email protected] UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT DENVER Health Administration
Website: planning.calpoly.edu Department of Planning and Design College of Business & Public Administration
Bachelor of Science in City & Regional Planning, College of Architecture and Planning 668 N. Riverpoint Blvd., Suite A
2001; 1973 Campus Box 126, P.O. Box 173364 Spokane, Washington 99202-1660
Master of City and Regional Planning, 2001; 1993 Denver, Colorado 80217-3364 Fred Hurand, Chair
Dwayne Nuzum, Chairperson Chair Phone: 509/358-2214
CALIFORNIA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVER- , Chair Phone: 303/556-3381 Dept. Phone: 509/358-2230
SITY, POMONA Dept. Phone: 303/556-4866 Fax: 509/358-2267
Department of Urban and Regional Planning Fax: 303/556-3687 E-mail: [email protected]
College of Environmental Design E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cbpa.ewu.edu/~pianning
3801 West Temple Avenue Website: Bachelor of Arts in Urban & Regional Planning,
Pomona, California 91768-4048 www.cudenver.edu/Academics/Colleges/Archit 2004; 1983
Gwendolyn H. Urey, Chair & Associate Professor ecturePlanning/Default. htm Master of Urban & Regional Planning, 2004;
Chair Phone: 909/869-2725 Master of Urban and Regional Planning, 2002; 1983
Dept. Phone: 909/869-2688 1975
Fax: 909/869-4688 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
E-mail: [email protected] COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY Urban & Regional Planning Department
Dept. E-mail: [email protected] Urban Planning Program College of Design, Construction & Planning
Website: www.csupomona.edu/~urp Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and P.O. Box 11570
Bachelor of Science in Urban and Regional Preservation Gainesville, Florida 32611-5706
Planning, 2004; 1970 1172 Amsterdam Avenue, Avery Hall 413 Paul D. Zwick, Chairman
Master of Urban and Regional Planning, 2004; New York, New York 10027 Chair Phone: 352/392-0997, Ext. 427
1972 Elliott D. Sclar, Director Dept. Phone: 352/392-0997, Ext. 423
Program Phone: 212/854-3513 Fax: 352/392-3308
UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI Fax: 212/854-9092 E-mail: [email protected]
School of Planning E-mail: [email protected] Website: web.dcp.ufl.edu/urp
College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Website: www.arch.columbia.edu/UP Master of Arts in Urban & Regional Planning,
Planning Master of Science in Urban Planning, 2004; 1945 2000; 1978

THE PLANNING ACCREDITATION BOARD'S ACCREDITED UNIVERSITY PLANNING PROGRAMS

 The Planning Accreditation Board's Accredited University Planning Programs 697

FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY HUNTER COLLEGE, CITY UNIVERSITY OF Bachelor of Science in Community & Regional
Department of Urban and Regional Planning NEW YORK Planning, 2002; 1979
College of Architecture, Urban and Graduate Program in Urban Planning Master of Community & Regional Planning,
Public Affairs School of Arts and Sciences 2002; 1979
Higher Education Complex, Suite 10G8D 695 Park Avenue
111 East Las Olas Boulevard New York, New York 10021 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301 William J. Milczarski, Professor & Director School of Architecture & Urban Design
Jaap Vos, Chair Director Phone: 212/772-5601 317 Marvin Hall
Chair Phone: 954/762-5653 Program Phone: 212/772-5518 1465 Jayhawk Building
Dept. Phone: 954/762-5652 Fax: 212/772-5593 Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7614
Fax: 954/762-5673 E-mail: [email protected] jim Mayo, Professor & Chair
E-mail: [email protected] Website: maxweber.hunter.cuny.edu/urban Chair Phone: 785/864-3350
Website: www.fau.edu/durp Master of Urban Planning, 2000; 1969 Program Phone: 785/864-4184
Master of Urban and Regional Planning, 2000; Fax: 785/864-5301
1995 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO E-mail: [email protected]
Urban Planning and Policy Program Website: www.saud.ku.edu/gen/SAUD_
FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs generated_pages/ARCH_m7.html
Department of Urban & Regional Planning 412 S. Peoria St., Suite 215 Master of Urban Planning, 2000; 1983
College of Social Sciences Chicago, Illinois 60607-7065
330 Bellamy Building Curt Winkle, Director & Professor KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Tallahassee, Florida 32306-2280 Director Phone: 312/996-2155 Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional
Charles Connerly, Chairperson Program Phone: 312/996-5240 & Community Planning
Dept. Phone: 850/644-4510 Fax: 312/413-2314 College of Architecture, Planning & Design
Fax: 850/645-4841 E-mail: [email protected] 302 Seaton Hall
E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.uic.edu/cuppa/upp Manhattan, Kansas 66506-2909
Dept. E-mail: [email protected] Master of Urban Planning and Policy, 2001; 1979 C.A. Keithley, Professor and Director
Website: www.feu.edu/~durp Dan W. Donelin, Department Head
Master of Science in Planning, 2001; 1965 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAM- Director Phone: 785/532-2440
PAIGN Dept. Phone: 785/532-5961
GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Urban and Regional Planning Fax: 785/532-6722
City and Regional Planning Program College of Fine & Applied Arts E-mail: [email protected]
College of Architecture 111 Temple Buell Hall, 611 Taft Drive Website: http://larcp.arch.ksu.edu/larcp
245 Fourth Street NW, Room 204 Champaign, Illinois 61820 Master of Regional & Community Planning,
Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0155 Christopher Silver, Professor & Department Head 2002; 1961
Cheryl K. Contant, Professor and Director Head Phone: 217/244-5400
Program Phone: 404/894-2350 Dept. Phone: 217/333-3890 UNTVERSITY OF MARYLAND AT COLLEGE
Fax: 404/894-1628 Fax: 217/244-1717 PARK
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Urban Studies and Planning Program
Website: www.coa.gatech.edu/crp Website: www.urban.uiuc.edu School of Architecture
Master of City Planning, 2000; 1969 Bachelor of Arts in Urban Planning, 2003; 1953 1200 School of Architecture
Master of Urban Planning, 2003; 1945 College Park, Maryland 20742
HARVARD UNIVERSITY Alex Chen, Director
Department of Urban Planning and Design UNIVERSITY OF IOWA Director Phone: 301/405-6798
Graduate School of Design Graduate Program in Urban and Regional Program Phone: 301/405-6789
48 Quincy Street, Room 312 Planning Fax: 301/314-9583
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 347 Jessup Hall E-mail: [email protected]
Rodolfo Machado, Chairman Iowa City, Iowa 52242 Website: www.arch.umd.edu
Chair Phone: 617/495-2521 Heather I. MacDonald, Chair Master of Community Planning, 2002; 1978
Dept. Phone: 617/495-2521 Chair Phone: 319/335-0501
Fax: 617/496-1292 Program Phone: 319/335-0032 UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS-AMHERST
E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 319/335-3330 Department of Landscape Architecture and
Website: www.gsd.harvard.edu/academic/upd E-mail: [email protected] Regional Planning
Master in Urban Planning, 2003; 1996/1923-1984 Website: www.urban.uiowa.edu College of Natural Resources and the
Master of Arts or Master of Science in Urban and Environment
UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA Regional Planning, 2000; 1970 109 Hills North
Department of Urban & Regional Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
Planning IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Mark Hamin, Director
College of Social Science Department of Community and Regional Director Phone: 413/545-6608
Saunders Hall 107 Planning Dept Phone: 413/545-2255
2424 Maile Way College of Design Fax: 413/545-1772
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 126 College of Design E-mail: [email protected]
Kern Lowry, Professor & Chair Ames, Iowa 50011 Website: www.umass.edu/larp
Chair Phone: 808/956-6868 J. Timothy Keller, Chair Master of Regional Planning, 2003; 1987
Dept. Phone: 808/956-7381 Timothy O. Borich, Associate Chair
Fax: 808/956-6870 Dept. Phone: 515/294-8958 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 515/294-4015 Department of Urban Studies & Planning
Website: www.durp.hawaii.edu E-mail: [email protected] 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Bldg. 7, Room 7-337M
Master of Urban and Regional Planning, 2002; Website: Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
1981 www.public.iastate.edu/~design/crp/crp.html Lawrence J. Vale, Head

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698 The Planning Accreditation Board's Accredited University Planning Programs

Head Phone: 617/253-0561 Montreal, Quebec NEW YORK UNIVERSITY

Dept. Phone: 617/253-1907 Canada H3C 3J7 Urban Planning Program
Fax: 617/253-2654 Gerard Beaudet, Director Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public
E-mail: [email protected] Director Phone: 514/343-6386 Service
Dept. E-mail: [email protected] Program Phone: 514/343-5699 4 Washington Square North
Website: dusp.mit.edu Fax: 514/343-2338 New York, New York 10003
Master in City Planning 2002; 1932 E-mail: [email protected] Mitchell L Moss, Director & Professor
Website: www.urb.umontreal.ca Director Phone: 212/998-6677
UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS Baccalaureat es-sciences specialise en urban- Program Phone: 212/998-7400
Graduate Program in City and Regional Planning isme, 2000; 1982 Fax.: 212/995-3890
226 Johnson Hall Mattrise en urbanisme, 2000; 1965 E-mail: [email protected]
Memphis, Tennessee 38152 Website: www.nyu.edu/wagner/urban.planning
Gene Pearson, Director MORGAN STATE UNIVERSITY Master of Urban Planning, 2001; 1961
Program Phone: 901/678-2161 Graduate Program in City and Regional Planning
Fax: 901/6784162 Institute of Architecture and Planning TOE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT
E-mail: [email protected] 1700 E. Cold Spring Lane & Hillen Road CHAPEL HILL
Website: planning.memphis.edu Montebello, Room B107 Department of City and Regional Planning
Master of City & Regional Planning, 2002; 1981 Baltimore, Maryland 21251 College of Arts and Sciences
Siddhartha Sen, Program Coordinator New East Building-Campus Box 3140
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Coordinator Phone: 443/885-1864 Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
Urban 8c Regional Planning Program Program Phone: 4-13/885-3225 Emil E. Maiizia, Chair
A. Alfred Taubman College of Architecture & Fax: 410/319-3786 Chair Phone:. 919/962-4759
Urban Planning E-mail: [email protected] Dept. Phone: 919/962-3983
2000 Bonisteel Boulevard Website: Fax: 919/962-5206
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2069 www.morgan.edu/academics/IAP/index. html E-mail: maliziallemail.unc.edu
Margaret Dewar, Chair Master of City & Regional Planning, 2002; 1973 Website: www.planning.unc.edu
Chair Phone: 734/763-2528 Master of Regional Planning, 1999; 1969
Program Phone: 734/764-1298 UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA-LINCOLN
Fax: 734/763-2322 Department of Community & Regional Planning THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
E-mail: [email protected] College of Architecture City and Regional Planning Program
Website: www.tcaup.umich.edu 302 Architecture Hall Knowlton School of Architecture
Master of Urban Planning, 2004; 1968 Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0105 109 Brown Hall, 190 W. 17th Avenue
Gordon P. Scholz, Chair Columbus, Ohio 43210
MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY Chair Phone: 402/472-9284 Kenneth Pearlman, Head
Urban & Regional Planning Program Dept. Phone: 402/472-9280 Head Phone: 614/292-5427
Department of Geography Fax: 402/472-3806 Program Phone: 614/292-1012
College of Social Science E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 614/292-7106
101 UPLA Building Website: archweb.unl.edu/crp/index.html E-mail: [email protected]
East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1221 Master of Community & Regional Planning, Website: knowlton.osu.edu/ksa%2Dnew
Eric J. Strauss, Director 2004; 1978 Master of City and Regional Planning, 2000; 1961
Herbert P. Norman, Jr., Assistant Director
Director Phone: 517/353-9054 UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA
Program Phone: 517/353-9054 Community & Regional Planning Program Division of Regional & City Planning
Fax: 517/355-7697 School of Architecture and Planning College of Architecture
Director E-mail: [email protected] 2414 Central SE 162 Gould Hall
Assistant Director E-mail: [email protected] Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 Norman, Oklahoma 73019-6141
Website: www.ssc.msu.edu/~urp Roger L. Schluntz, Dean Richard S. Marshment, Director
Bachelor of Science in Urban & Regional David Henkel, Director Director Phone: 405/325-2399
Planning, 2000; 1959 Dean Phone: 505/277-2879 Program Phone: 405/325-2444
Master in Urban and Regional Planning, 2000; Director Phone: 505/277-5050 Fax: 405/325-7558
1959 Program Phone: 505/277-5050 E-mail: [email protected]
Fax: 505/277-0076 Website: www.ou.edu/architecture/drcpl
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA E-mail: [email protected] 'Master of Regional and City Planning, 2003;
Urban and Regional Planning Program Website: saap.unm.edu 1957-1988
Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs Master of Community & Regional Planning,
301 19th Avenue South 2003; 1987 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Graduate Program in Community & Regional
Edward Goetz, Director UNIVERSITY OF NEW ORLEANS Planning
Director Phone: 612/624-5003 College of Urban and Public Affairs Department of Planning, Public Policy &
Program Phone: 612/626-1074 308 Mathematics Building Management
Fax: 612/625-6351 New Orleans, Louisiana 70148 School of Architecture & Allied Arts
E-mail: [email protected] Jane S. Brooks, MURP Program Coordinator Hendricks Hall
Program E-mail: [email protected] Program Phone: 504/280-6277 Eugene, Oregon 97403-1209
Website: www.hhh.umn.edu Coordinator Phone: 504/280-6514 Michael Hibbard, Department Head
Master of Urban and Regional Planning, 2004; 1982 Fax: 504/280-6272 Head Phone: 541/346-3635
E-mail: [email protected] Dept. Phone: 541/346-3635
UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL Website: www.uno.edu/cupa Fax: 541/346-2040
Institut d'urbanisme Master of Urban and Regional Planning, 2001; E-mail: [email protected]
C.P. 6128, succ. Centre-ville 1976 Website: utopia.uoregon.edu

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 The Planning Accreditation Board's Accredited University Planning Programs 699

Master of Community & Regional Planning, RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF Website: web.utk.edu/-planning
2003; 1970 NEW JERSEY 'Master of Science in Planning, 2004; 1968
Program in Urban Planning and Policy
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA Development THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON
Department of City and Regional Planning Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning &. Public City and Regional Planning Program
School of Design Policy School of Urban and Public Affairs
127 Meyerson Hall 33 Livingston Avenue, Suite 302 601 S. Nedderman Dr.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6311 New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-198? 501 University Hall
Eugenie L Birch, Chair & Professor Clinton Andrews, Director Arlington, Texas 76010
Chair Phone: 215/898-8329 Director Phone: 732/932-3822 x721 Elise Bright, Coordinator
Dept. Phone: 215/898-8330 Program Phone: 732/932-3822 x740 Coordinator Phone: 817/272-3338
Fax: 215/898-5731 Fax: 732/932-2253 Academic Secretary: 817/272-3340
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 817/272-5008
Website: www.design.upenn.edu/index.php Website: www.policy.rutgers.edu E-mail: [email protected]
Master of City Planning, 2001; 1969 Master of City and Regional Planning, 2003; 196S Website: www.uta.edu/supa/contenc/view/15/4l
Master of City and Regional Planning, 1999; 1978
PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY '
School of Urban Studies & Planning Urban and Regional Planning Department THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
College of Urban & Public Affairs College of Social Work Graduate Program in Community and Regional
P.O. Box 751-USP One Washington Square Planning
Portland, Oregon 97207-0751 San Jose, California 95192-0185 School of Architecture
Ethan Seltzer, Director Dayana Salazar, Interim Chair & Associate Goldsmith Hall 2.308
Director Phone: 503/725-5169 Professor Austin, Texas 78712-1160
Program Phone: 503/725-8264 Chair Phone: 408/924-5854 Robert G. Paterson, Director
Fax: 503/725-8770 Dept. Phone: 408/924-5882 Program Phone: 512/471-1922
E-mail: [email protected] Fax: 408/924-5872 Fax: 512/471-0716
Website: www.pdx.edu/usp E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Master of Urban and Regional Planning, 2002; 1980 Website: Website:
www2.sjsu .edu/urbanplanning/SJSU/Program/ wnt.utexas.edu/architecture/academic/crp/
PRATT INSTITUTE index-p.htm main.html
Graduate Center for Planning & the Environment Master of Urban Planning, 2000; 1972 Master of Science in Community and Regional
School of Architecture Planning, 2000; 1969
200 Willoughby Avenue UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Brooklyn, New York 11205 School of Policy, Planning, and Development TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
Ayse Yonder, Chairperson Ralph & Goldy Lewis Hall, Room 108 Department of Landscape Architecture & Urban
Chair Phone: 718/399-4391 University Park Campus Planning
Program Phone: 718/399-4314 Los Angeles, California 90089 College of Architecture
Fax: 718/399-4379 Daniel Mazmanian, Dean MS 3137
E-mail: [email protected] Dowell Myers, Director College Station, Texas 77843-3137
Website: www.pratt.edu/arch/gcpe Dean Phone: 213/740-0350 Walter Peacock, Interim Department Head
Master of Science in City and Regional Planning, Director Phone: 213/740-7095 Dept. Head: 979/845-7881
2005; 1962 Program Phone: 213/740-6842 Dept. Phone: 979/845-1019
Fax: 213/740-7573 Fax: 979/862-1784
UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Graduate School of Planning Website: www.usc.edu/schools/sppd Website: taz.tamu.edu/LAUP
P.O. Box 23354 Master of Planning, 2003; 1967 Master of Urban Planning, 2002; 1968
San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931
Elias R. Gutierrez, Acting Director SOUTHWEST MISSOURI STATE UNIVERSITY TUFTS UNIVERSITY
Director Phone-. 809/763-7590 Department of Geography, Geology, and Department of Urban & Environmental Policy
Program Phone: 809/764-0000 x501 Planning and Planning
Fax: 809/763-5375 College of Natural and Applied Sciences 97 Talbot Avenue
E-mail: [email protected] 901 S. National Medford, MA 02155
Website: www.upr.clu.edu/home800.html Springfield, Missouri 65804 Francine Jacobs, Associate Professor and Chair
Master in Planning, 2000; 1977 Paul A. Rollinson, Coordinator of Planning Dept. Phone: 617/627-3394
Coordinator Phone: 417/836-5688 Fax: 617/627-3377
UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND Fax: 417/836-6006 E-mail: [email protected]
Department of Community Planning and E-mail: [email protected] Website: ase.tufts.edu/uep
Landscape Architecture Website: geosciences.smsu.edu Master of Arts in Urban and Environmental
College of the Environment & Life Sciences Bachelor of Science in Planning, 2004 Policy and Planning, 2004
Rodman Hall, 94 West Alumni Avenue, Suite 1
Kingston, Rhode Island 02881 UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
Farhad Atash, Chair Department of Urban & Regional Planning Department of Urban & Environmental Planning
Chair Phone: 401/874-2982 College of Arts & Sciences Campbell Hall, P.O. Box 400122
Dept. Phone: 401/874-2248/2249 1401 Cumberland Avenue, 108 Hoskins Library Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4122
Fax: 401/874-5511 Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-4015 Daphne Spain, Chair
E-mail: [email protected] Bruce Tonn, Director Chair Phone: 434/924-6459
Dept. E-mail: [email protected] Dept. Phone: 865/974-5227 Dept. Phone: 434/924-1339
Website: www.uri.edu/cels/cpl Fax: 865/974-5229 Fax: 434/982-2678
Master of Community Planning, 2001; 1965 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

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700 The Planning Accreditation Board's Accredited University Planning Programs

Website: www.arch.virginia.eclu/planning Dept. E-mail: [email protected] GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Bachelor of Urban &. Environmental Planning Website: www.wisc.edu/urpl Graduate City Planning Program
2032; 1963 Master of Science in Urban and Regional Atlanta, Georgia
Master of Urban & Environmental Planning, Planning, 2003; 1962
2002; 1968 HARVARD UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MILWAUKEE Graduate School of Design
VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY Department of Urban Planning Cambridge, Massachusetts
Department of Urban Studies & Planning School of Architecture & Urban Planning
812 West Franklin Street P.O. Box 413 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
VCU Box 8420G8 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-0413 School of Urban Planning and Policy
Richmond, Virginia 23284-2008 Nancy K. Frank, Chair Chicago, Illinois
Mort Gulak, Chair Chair Phone: 414/229-5372
Dept. Phone: 804/828-2489 Dept. Phone: 414/2.29-5.563 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT
Fax: 804/828-6681 Fax: 414/229-6976 URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: frankn#uwm.edu Department of Urban and Regional Planning
Website: www.has.vcu.edu/gov Dept. E-mail: [email protected] Urbana, Illinois
Master of Urban & Regional Planning, 2003; 1977 Website: www.uwm.edu/SARUP/planning
Master of Urban Planning, 2032; 1974 UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL
VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE & STATE Department of Civic Design
UNIVERSITY Ph.D. Programs in Planning Liverpool, England
Department of Urban Affairs and Planning
College of Architecture and Urban Studies UNIVERSITY OF AKRON UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND,
201 Architecture Annex (0113) Department of Geography and Planning COLLEGE PARK
Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 Akron, Ohio School of Architecture, Planning, and
John Randolph, Professor and Head Preservation
Head Phone: 540/231-6971 ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY College Park, Maryland
Dept. Phone: 540/231-5485 College of Architecture and Environmental Design
Fax: 540/231-3367 Tempe, Arizona UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS
E-mail: [email protected] Department of Landscape Architecture and
Website: www.uap.vt.edu UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Regional Planning
Master of Urban and Regional Planning, 2001; School of Community and Regional Planning Amherst, Massachusetts
1961 Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY TECHNOLOGY
Department of Urban Design and Planning Department of City and Regional Planning Department of Urban Studies and Planning
College of Architecture and Urban Planning Berkeley, California Cambridge, Massachusetts
410 Gould Hall, Box 355740
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE
Seattle, Washington 98195-5740 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
Department of Urban and Regional Planning
Hilda Blanco, Professor and Chair Urban and Regional Planning Program
School of Social Ecology
Chair Phone: 206/616-9057 Ann Arbor, Michigan
Irvine, California
Dept. Phone: 206/543-4190
Fax: 206/685-9597 UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES
E-mail: [email protected] Institut D'Urbanisme
Urban Planning Department
Website: www.caup.washington.edu/udp Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Los Angeles, California
Master of Urban Planning, 2004; 1941
UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE
UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI
WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY Department of Town and Country Planning
School of Planning
Department of Geography & Urban Planning - Newcastle upon Tyne, England
Cincinnati, Ohio
225 State Hall
Detroit, Michigan 48202 CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW ORLEANS
Avis C. Vidal, Chair Urban Planning, Design, and Development College of Urban and Public Affairs
Chair Phone: 313/577-8842 Cleveland, Ohio New Orleans, Louisiana
Dept. Phone: 313/577-2701
Fax: 313/577-0022 UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT
E-mail: [email protected] College of Architecture and Planning CHAPEL HILL
Website: www.culma.wayne.edu/gup Boulder, Colorado City and Regional Planning
Master of Urban Planning, 2002; 1975-1985 Chapel Hill, North Carolina
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM
Department of Urban and Regional Planning Preservation School of the Built Environment
College of Letters & Science and College of New York, New York Nottingham, England
Agriculture and Life Sciences
925 Bascom Mall/110 Music Hall CORNELL UNIVERSITY OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1317 Department of City and Regional Planning City and Regional Planning Program
James A. LaGro, Jr., Professor and Chair Ithaca, New York Columbus, Ohio
Chair Phone: 608/263-6507
Dept. Phone: 6(38/262-1004 FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
Fax: 608/262-9307 Department of Urban and Regional Planning The Department of City and Regional Planning
E-mail: [email protected] Tallahassee, Florida Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

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 The Planning Accreditation Board's Accredited University Planning Programs 701

PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON

Department of Urban Studies and Planning School of Policy, Planning, and Development Urban Design and Planning
Portland, Oregon Los Angeles, California Seattle, Washington

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY

Urban and Regional Planning Program UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Environmental Science and Regional Planning
Woodrow Wilson School Community and Regional Planning Program Pullman, Washington
Princeton, New Jersey Austin, Texas

UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO
RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF
School of Urban and Regional Planning
NEW JERSEY TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Department of Urban Planning and Policy Department of Landscape Architecture and
Development Urban Planning
Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and College Station, Texas UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
Public Policy Department of Urban and Regional Planning
New Brunswick, New Jersey Madison, Wisconsin
VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND
UNIVERSITY OF SASKATCHEWAN STATE UNIVERSITY YORK UNIVERSITY
Department of Geography Urban Affairs and Planning Faculty of Environmental Studies
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada Blacksburg, Virginia North York, Ontario, Canada

THE PLANNING ACCREDITATION BOARD'S ACCREDITED UNIVERSITY PLANNING PROGRAMS

702 Land-Based Classification Standards

LAND-BASED CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS

LAND-BASED CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS
Land-Based Classification Standards (LBCS), based on Function in general physical terms, what is on the land. For
a multidimensional land-use classification model, Function refers to the economic function or type of most land uses, it is simply expressed as whether the
provide a consistent model for classifying land uses establishment using the land. The type of establish- site is developed or not. However, not all sites with-
based on their characteristics. They update the 1965 ment it serves can characterize every land use. out observable development can be treated as
Standard Land Use Coding Manual (SLUCM), a stan- Land-use terms, such as agricultural, commercial, and undeveloped. Land uses such as parks and open
dard that was widely adopted for land-use industrial, relate to enterprises. The type of economic spaces, which often have a complex mix of activities,
classifications. The LBCS multidimensional model function served by the land use is classified in this functions, and structures on them, need categories
extends the notion of classifying land uses by refin- dimension; it is independent of actual activity on the independent of other dimensions. This dimension
ing traditional categories into multiple dimensions, land. Establishments may have a variety of activities uses categories that describe the overall site develop-
such as activities, functions, building types, site devel- on their premises, but serve a single function. For ment characteristics.
opment character, and ownership constraints. Each example, two parcels are said to be in the same func-
dimension has its own set of categories and subcate- tional category if they belong to the same Site Dimension
gories. These multiple dimensions allow users to establishment, even if one is an office building and 1000 Site in natural state
have precise control over land-use classifications. the other is a factory. 2000 Developing site
3000 Developed site—crops, grazing, and
LBCS CLASSIFICATION Function Dimension
forestry
DIMENSIONS 1000 Residence or accommodation functions
4000 Developed site—no buildings and no
2000 General sales or services
Classifying land uses across multiple dimensions, in structures
database terms, means adding new fields to a land- 3000 Manufacturing and wholesale trade
5000 Developed site—nonbuilding structures
use database. The total number of land-use fields in 4000 Transportation, communication,
6000 Developed site—with buildings
a database should equal the number of dimensions; information, and utilities
that is, every database record is classified in several 7000 Developed site—with parks
5000 Arts, entertainment, and recreation
land-use fields—one for each dimension. The num- 8000 Not applicable to this dimension
6000 Education, public administration, health
ber of dimensions, in turn, will depend on the 9000 Unclassifiable site development character
purpose of the data. When the purpose of the data care, and other institutional
changes, dimensions may be added or dropped as 7000 Construction-related businesses Ownership
needed. For local planning purposes, LBCS calls for 8000 Mining and extraction establishments Ownership refers to the relationship between the use
classifying land uses in the following five dimensions: 9000 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting and its land rights. Because the function of most land
uses is either public or private, not both, distinguishing
• Activity Structure ownership characteristics seems obvious. However,
• Function Structure refers to the type of structure or building on relying solely on the functional character may obscure
• Structure type the land. Land-use terms embody a structural or such uses as private parks, public theaters, private sta-
• Site development character building characteristic, which suggests the utility of diums, private prisons, and mixed public and private
• Ownership the space (in a building) or land (when there is no ownership. Moreover, easements and similar legal
building). Land-use terms, such as single-family devices also limit or constrain land-use activities and
house, office building, warehouse, hospital building, functions. This dimension allows for more accurate
Activity
or highway, also describe structural characteristics. classification of such ownership characteristics.
Activity refers to the actual use of land, based on its While many activities and functions are closely asso-
observable characteristics. It describes what actually ciated with certain structures, many buildings are Ownership Dimension
takes place in physical or observable terms, such as often adapted for uses other than the original use. For
farming, shopping, manufacturing, and vehicular 1000 No constraints—private ownership
instance, a single-family residential structure may be
movement. For example, an office activity refers only used as an office. 2000 Some constraints—easements or other
to the physical activity on the premises, which could use restrictions
apply equally to any office use. Similarly, residential Structure Dimension 3000 Limited restrictions—leased and other
uses in any type of building would be classified as
1000 Residential buildings tenancy restrictions
residential activity.
2000 Commercial buildings and other 4000 Public restrictions—local, state, and
Activity Dimension specialized structures federal ownership
1000 Residential activities 3000 Public assembly structures 5000 Other public use restrictions—regional
2000 Shopping, business, or trade activities 4000 Institutional or community facilities and special districts
5000 Transportation-related facilities 6000 Nonprofit ownership restrictions
3000 Industrial, manufacturing, and
waste-related activities 6000 Utility and other nonbuilding structures 7000 Joint ownership character—public entities
4000 Social, institutional, or infrastructure- 7000 Specialized military structures 8000 Joint ownership character—public,
related activities 8000 Sheds, farm buddings, or agricultural private, or nonprofit
5000 Travel or movement activities facilities 9000 Not applicable to this dimension
6000 Mass assembly of people 9000 No structure
FLEXIBILITY OF LBCS
7000 Leisure activities Site Development Character The underlying principle of the LBCS model is its
8000 Natural resources-related activities Site development character refers to the overall phys- flexibility: the model is adaptable to a variety of plan-
9000 No human activity or unclassifiable activity ical development character of the land. It describes, ning applications, data collection methods,

American Planning Association, Chicago, Illinois

LAND-BASED CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS

 Land-Based Classification Standards 703

HISTORY OF LAND-USE CLASSIFICATIONS THROUGH SLUCM

American Planning Association, Chicago, Illinois

LAND-BASED CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS

704 Land-Based Classification Standards

This diagram is a rough 100-year history, tracing the lineage of land-use categories and classifications to LBCS dimensions. It is a result of an exercise to "connect the dots" as best as can be deter-
mined from land-use research.The links shown are not the only connections but those that have a direct bearing on the development of LBCS. The online version of this diagram provides hot links
to relevant pages for each of the nodes.

HISTORY OF LAND-USE CLASSIFICATIONS POST-SLUCM

American Planning Association, Chicago, Illinois

LAND-BASED CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS

 Land-Based Classtfication Standards 705

data-sharing and data-integrating methods, and color Before importing or converting existing data, an color values, one for each top-level category. Within
coding and mapping. Flexibility also makes it possi- understanding of the limitations of automatic conver- each dimension, the color value is constant for the
ble to assign new categories for new land uses to sions is a must. top-level category and all its subcategories. However,
accommodate new methods and technologies for If existing land-use data are available for use, here in practice, this may not always be desirable. In such
analysis and to customize the model for local needs are some brief suggestions: cases, apply " ramping" techniques, whereby a color
without losing the ability to share data. Each of these value is varied to increasing or decreasing shades. For
aspects of LBCS calls for applying a variety of stan- • Activity data. Contact the local planner responsible instance, if residential activity is yellow, make all its
dards or conventions to maintain consistency in for land-use and zoning applications, to identify subcategories shades of yellow. The level of detail to
land-use classifications. activities. display should dictate the number of shades on a
• Function data. Use the old SLUCM or SIC codes, map. The number of shades that can be shown is lim-
but a conversion is required. Become familiar with ited only by the quality of the final medium. GIS,
QUICK IMPLEMENTATION OF LBCS
lookup tables and conversion issues before con- plotting, and computer displays handle ramping auto-
For most common land-use applications, such as verting large amounts of data. matically, once the low and high end of a color value
land-use surveys, local comprehensive plans, and • Structure-type data. Contact building or and real are provided.
regional land-use data aggregation, LBCS implemen- estate (taxation) departments for information on
tation can be distilled to the following four steps: "improvements" on a site. Some of this data can be
LBCS IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES
directly imported, keeping in mind that not all
1. Download the top-level classification scheme. building and" real estate departments use uniform The following is a compilation of issues frequently
2. Create new database fields. categories. encountered when implementing LBCS.
3. Assign top-level codes for each dimension. • Site development character. Recent aerial survey
4. Download color-coding standard. pictures can help. If these images are available on Mixed Uses
a GIS as a backdrop to a parcel map, editing data- In LBCS, there is no category called "mixed use."
Download the Top-Level Classification base records becomes quite easy. Every land use in LBCS is a mixed use, hence the
Scheme • Ownership characteristics. Local zoning or real multidimensional characterization of land uses: every
The top-level classification scheme includes all five estate staff input is required. Some of this can be land use is a multidimensional entity. This is the
dimensions of LBCS. Within each dimension there are easily identified using real estate tax records, but building block on which LBCS rests. LBCS classifies
nine top-level categories (these are the nine num- for complex easements, proffers, dedications, and the underlying uses that make up a mixed use. For
bered categories; for example, 1000, Residential such, contact local planners familiar with such this same reason, LBCS will not have a single color
Activities under the Activities dimension). If the pur- instruments for assistance. code for mixed uses.
pose is for staff discussions or local public meetings, To classify mixed uses, start by describing the land-
other views, such as hierarchical and table views may Download Color-Coding Standard use characteristics that make it mixed. Then find each
be downloaded. They have detailed descriptions, Download the color-coding standard (discussed in the of those characteristics in the LBCS categories. For
which may be more suitable for distribution at public next section) and use those colors for online viewing example, if a parcel has both an office and a day care
meetings. of maps, rendering or plotting on map plotters, or center, then assign LBCS codes for both office and
printing using color printers. They should look con- day care centers to that single parcel. Every land use
Create New Database Fields sistent across most formats. The color codes assigned will have at least one category from each of the five
Create five new fields, one for each dimension of to each of these LBCS categories are provided in the LBCS dimensions; and for complex mixed uses, it is
LBCS, in the land-use database, assuming each record color insert to this book, on pages C-2 to C-6. possible to have several categories from every LBCS
in the database is a parcel or its equivalent, and name When mapping, do not mix dimensions; keep each dimension.
each field as follows: dimension separate. Colors are unique to categories
within a dimension only. Complex layering requires Vacant Land
LBCSActivity
choosing colors and hatch patterns carefully. Do not Vacant land is not a land use. Every parcel of land has
LBCSFunction use more than a couple of colors if the purpose is to some use characteristic, identifiable through one or
show a complex characteristic. Keep maps simple, but more LBCS categories. In addition, all land serves
LBCSStructure
do not hesitate to use several maps to make a point. some purpose, even if humans (through plans and
LBCSSite regulations) have not in any formal sense appropri-
ated or designated it. In other words, vacant land is
LBCSOwnership LBCS COLOR-CODING STANDARDS
always applied to a certain context (developable,
If the land-use database is to serve multiple appli- LBCS provides color-coding standards that are useful buildable, or reusable, for example) that is location-
cations or will be used by the planning agency for a for rendering land uses on maps. Merging the former specific. Therefore, to account for vacant land in the
long time, adopt best practices from database design conventions with current technology in display and developable sense, first define what "vacant land"
principles. For example, instead of creating five new presentation media has resulted in these colors. means in context—vacant of human activity, of struc-
fields in the land-use database, create five new tables, Colors are no longer specified using brand names tures, of any site development characteristics, or
one for each dimension. Then link the parcel data- (such as Prismacolor or Zip-a-tone), but using nam- some combination of these.
base to each of the five tables using a one-to-many ing conventions common to plotters, offset printers, Use the categories from the five LBCS dimensions
relationship. Consult a database expert if further assis- and computer displays. to characterize what makes land vacant for the par-
tance is needed. Such a setup makes it possible to For consistent reproduction of colors on a printer, ticular context There is no standard for what set of
assign as many activity codes to a single parcel in the plotter, or computer screen, specify the red, green, characteristics makes any land vacant. It depends on
activity table, as many function codes as necessary in blue (RGB) values instead of relying on color names. the community, the application, the economy, the
the function table, and so on. Using RGB values can help minimize differences in political climate, and so forth. LBCS provides a set of
how software and hardware render colors. Also, generic use characteristics that can be selectively
Assign Top-Level Codes for Each some software such as Web browsers limit the num- applied to land for establishing what "vacant" means
Dimension ber of colors displayed; thus, if a software program in a given context. It is the only way to account for
For each parcel in the database, assign a top-level can accept only hexadecimal values, as many GIS developable lands in the absence of a universally
code (1000, 2000, 3000, and so on) for each of the and plotting software do, use the corresponding acceptable or consistent definition for "vacant land."
five dimensions. Every record will receive five land- RGBHex value. LBCS offers flexible methods for combining and
use codes, one for each LBCS dimension. Use the Refer to the color codes assigned to each of the grouping land-use data in any permutation and com-
code 9999 for unknown or not applicable dimen- LBCS dimensions on pages C-2 to C-6 of the color bination obviating the need to recollect it each time
sions. In LBCS there is no vacant land category. insert. Each of the five LBCS dimensions has nine such definitions change. The definition of what consti-

American Planning Association, Chicago, Illinois

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706 Land-Based Classification Standards

tutes "developable" also changes as the scale of analy- special categories; for example, for housing there is Any logically consistent classification scheme
sis changes. For instance, some individual parcels in a low density and high density. Because "low" and should accommodate all land uses, commonly
traffic zone might not be "vacant," but for analysis of "high" are arbitrary concepts, LBCS provides three known as the "100 percent problem." When no
traffic patterns, the zone may be treated as "vacant." ways of dealing with density and intensity-. appropriate categories exist and there is incomplete
Another way to think about classifying vacant land data classification (meaning only a subset of records
is to treat those areas as a mixed use, whereby sev- • Look at other characteristics. For example, if using have been classified), the classification scheme
eral characteristics combine to characterize the use. structure types and the use happens to be in a high- should accommodate using unknown or unavailable
How they combine will not only depend on the rise structure, then pick the appropriate structure categories. LBCS is for classifying 100 percent of land
needs of the application (vacant land for an eco- type from the Structure dimension. This will allow and 100 percent of land uses. The 100 percent prob-
nomic development study is not the same as vacant any activity or function type to occur in any type of lem refers to both incomplete records and incomplete
land for a runoff analysis), but will also change as the structure. This is a more accurate approach to deal- classifications.
study progresses or the community changes. ing with land uses in planning. To determine whether all lands have been classi-
Nevertheless, the base land-use data must accommo- • Create a separate database field. A field can be cre- fied, use this test: Add the total land area in the
date both studies (and perhaps many more like them ated for special areas that may have a unique set of database and see if it equals the total land area of the
in future). This base data is what LBCS classifies. density and intensity characteristics. For example, city, town, village, county, or other geographic extent
to track land uses in a downtown area, identify of the database. Remember to classify roads, utilities,
Undeveloped Land those database parcels from this area in this special and other linear features. When regarding ail land
Undeveloped land is not a land use. It is an evalua- field using any kind of coding mechanism so as to uses, the logic of dimensions and categories within a
tive term encompassing attributes beyond land-use give an implicit notation that it is in a special des- dimension breaks down if only a subset of land uses
characteristics. If a particular application requires ignation area with high density and intensity. is classified Apply the 9999 codes as placeholders if
tracking developable lands, then create additional • Use other fields in the database to derive a scale. lack of data is the concern.
fields, separate from land-use coding, to track such This can be done based on floor area ratio (FAR) or
characteristics. For instance, track degrees of devel- dwelling units per acre. This involves creating a cal- Land-Use Data Categories and Map
opabiiity, such as: vacant lot; vacant lot with utilities; culated field based on total square footage and site Legends
vacant lot with utilities and structure; vacant lot with area for FAR, and number of dwelling units and site Traditionally, planners have associated or equated
utilities, structure, and access road; and so forth. In area for dwelling units per acre. Either approach (on a one-to-one basis) land-use categories with map
any case, avoid such negative terms as "vacant" and will result in a range of values for that particular categories and map legends, but data categories and
"undeveloped" in land-use classifications. It is the land-use data. map legends are not the same. Map legends are cus-
same as classifying forests as timberlands. tomized categories, which may or may not contain all
Other Spatial Units the land uses in the database, and they are adjusted
Land Cover Parcels are not the only units of classification for land and customized more often than the underlying land-
LBCS does not have land-cover categories because uses. LBCS can be applied to other spatial units such use classes.
land cover is a characteristic of land, not land use. as buildings, census blocks, traffic zones, agricultural For example, consider a typical land-use map that
Depending on the data source, any number of land- units, assessment units, and subdivisions. LBCS cate- shows residential uses, colored yellow, with a corre-
cover classifications can be used, such as the Federal gories do not change, no matter what the taxon, or sponding map legend called "Residential." Though
Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Earth Cover unit, of measurement. Some of the more detailed cat- Residential is a single legend item, the underlying
Standards or its predecessor standard, Anderson Land egories may not be applicable to a given scale or type data could contain any number of subcategories of
Use Land Cover Classification System. In any case, of planning application, but the logic of multidimen- residential. Similarly, more complex categories could
keep land-cover data separate from land-use data. sional classifications remains valid; LBCS classification be constructed by grouping specific codes from each
Though they often employ similar terminology (for logic is independent of the taxonomic unit. This con- of five dimensions to create a single legend item.
agriculture or forest lands, for example) and may sistent schema provides for data comparability across Consider a parcel map of potential sites for redevel-
even match the existing application's land-use data databases, among other benefits. opment based on certain land-use characteristics,
needs, conceptually, such terminology cannot be such as sites with warehouse structures that have no
used synonymously. Land-cover data is derived from Misapplication of LBCS Categories activity. From the land-use database containing all the
photographic or satellite imagery and encompasses A common misapplication of land-use classifications structure types and activity types for all parcels,
only certain aspects of observable characteristics. At is to apply them to categorize something besides land extract only those matching the structure and activity
best it serves as a proxy for actual land use. That said, uses. One commonplace example is to apply cate- characteristics and display them as the more complex
land uses are derived from many other observable gories from the LBCS Structure Dimension to classify "redevelopment" category on the map.
and unobservable characteristics. Both modes of building types (which building inspectors or public Data about referential uses do not change unless
inquiry into the use of land serve planning applica- works engineers need). Another is to apply cate- the use itself changes, whereas evaluative and pre-
tions, often simultaneously in the same database or gories from LBCS Ownership Constraints to classify scriptive uses will change from application to
map. But do not mix land-cover categories with land- owners. LBCS categories are meant for classifying application. Continuing the example above, first add
use categories at the data collection or data land uses by identifying structural, ownership, and abandoned railyards to the "redevelopment" cate-
classification stages. other use characteristics; they are not for classifying gory, then fix the query that extracts only warehouses
A land-cover data note of caution: Do not overlook buildings or owners. For land-use purposes, it does with no activity to include railyards with no activity.
the value of land-cover data simply because it is not matter whether the residential use is a Queen There is no need to change the underlying land-use
either vague or not parcel-based. Such differences Anne or Late Colonial design. If the data being clas- data or readjust the categories. They remain constant;
can be easily overcome with GIS tools. Furthermore, sified is not land use, then use a more appropriate the map legends are customized to suit the applica-
LBCS classifications, especially the Site Development classification scheme instead of LBCS categories. tion or purpose of the map.
Characteristics, can be applied to data acquired by
remote sensing as well. Many planning applications Classify All Lands Single Land-Use Map
(runoff analysis, for example) can be improved by LBCS as a classification methodology should be No single land-use map can show or render all land-
using both land-use and land-cover data. applied only when the interest is in classifying all use characteristics. One needs at least five maps, one
lands within a given geography. For instance, many for each dimension, to adequately render or describe
Density and Intensity land-use databases ignore transportation and rights- land uses.
Density and intensity are characteristics independent of-ways, resulting in a lack of land-use categories for
of land use. Unlike differences in land-use character- such linear features in some classifications. This can Coding Versus Classifications
istics, density and intensity differ in quantity or cause several problems, including an incomplete Coding is independent of classifications. One can use
closeness of uses. Many classification systems create description of land uses. any set of codes, not just the four-digit codes LBCS

American Planning Association, Chicago, Illinois

LAND-BASED CLASSIFICATION
 Land-Based Classification Standards 707

uses. But with the four-digit codes, some of the auto- leave the specificity of coding level to the local com- multiple structure codes to that parcel to reflect all the
mated tools will work directly without the help of an munity. Though local communities may eventually different structure types. If a house has a garage,
intermediate lookup table. Nevertheless, conceptu- gravitate to a single coding level, it is neither required select the garage code for it in addition to the resi-
ally, one should be aware that the codes have no nor necessary that all communities in a region use the dential structure type. If it has another house, then
relationship to classifications. LBCS could have used same level of coding. More important than having a uni- assign two residential structure types. If it has a house
A1, B2, C3, or some such similar alphanumeric cod- form coding level is the ability to merge data from all and a shop, then assign both.
ing scheme instead of 1GG0, 2000, 3,000, and so on. categories across every land use so that aggregation If, for whatever reason, there is no option to assign
LBCS uses the four-digit numbers for the sake of sim- occurs easily. Even within a single community, expect a multiple codes to a parcel record, try this alternate
plicity in integer manipulation in databases. wide variation between departments and applications, method: Create another table that contains a list of all
Most LBCS implementation would likely begin at structures; next, link each structure in this table to the
Dimension Mixing the top-level coding and then gradually incorporate appropriate parcel in the parcel table, using a one-to-
Do not mix dimension types, such as combining more specificity—second, third, and fourth levels—as many relationship; then assign LBCS codes to the
structure types or ownership types with either activ- more information or resources for land-based data structures in the structure table. A common misstep
ity or function types, to create additional categories become available. Do not be constrained by trying to here is to assume that one has to pick only a single
under one of the other dimensions. That defeats the collect all data at all levels for all applications. The code when classifying structures. Assign multiple
logic of classification for the entire database, not just usefulness of land-based data is not measured by codes to structures as well. The underlying land unit
the parcels with those categories. While fusing unre- how much detail it contains, but by how flexible it is should not matter for classifications; LBCS is not tied
lated dimensions may appear to solve complexity of to serve a variety of planning applications. to a specific land unit, such as a parcel-based system.
data coding, it ignores the multidimensionality of land It is independent of the underlying unit of measure-
use. Remember that land-use categories are only Missing Land Uses ment.
mutually exclusive within a single dimension. The It is quite possible that some land uses are missing in
more dimensions used, the more independently LBCS, especially if they are new terms or incorporate Linear Features
unique categories can be assigned. a vernacular phrase that has yet to become wide- linear features, such as roads, railroads, and bike
Data coding complexity is a small hurdle to over- spread. Moreover, LBCS has approximately 18,000 paths, each have specific categories in the Structure
come; mixed land-use dimensions cannot be terms and more than 100,000 links, so it is possible dimension. Assign the appropriate category to the
separated and require recollecting or resurveying that a particular use is not commonly known by the polygon for that linear feature. Most land-use data-
land uses. LBCS can be simplified in many other term one is using to search. Therefore, try searching bases, such as parcel-based data, do not normally
ways, but mixing dimensions is not one of them. for related terms on the LBCS website. define such polygons. When they do, they may
include only rights-of-way. Depending on the
Fold Categories Substitute Terminology amount of detail and level of analysis needed, such
Ignore subcategories when such details are not appli- LBCS can be customized with local terminology, but polygons have to be split up to account for linear fea-
cable. Instead, use a higher, more general category. the meaning of the terms should be similar to that of tures. For most land-use purposes, assigning broad
Conversely, if one needs more details within a cate- the category. Note that LBCS includes alternate terms categories such as "transportation facility" can suffice.
gory, then create additional subcategories to in the land-use descriptions. LBCS aims to achieve However, if the underlying map data is clear, mean-
customize the classification. As a practical matter, uniformity despite vernacular differences. Such dif- ing every polygon for each linear facility is distinct,
subsequent users of the data, such as a regional ferences also arise when different professions classify then assign a distinct LBCS category. For those appli-
agency, should be able to fold the customized cate- land uses: a realtor's view of land uses is not the same cations where such details are not needed, or where
gories into a broader, more general category. With as an economist's, for example. That said, plans and such data is not readily available, assign "not avail-
the four-digit coding schema, folding is just a matter planners have to interact with specialists, and for that able" or 9999 code to these linear polygons. In
of simple arithmetic. For instance, to tabulate all res- reason the descriptions for LBCS categories are combination with categories from the Activity dimen-
idential activities, select all uses between 1000 and generic and, therefore, may not substitute for a rigor- sion, LBCS provides an easy method to capture
1999 under the Activity dimension and group them ous legal definition. complex land uses, such as railroad rights-of-way
under 1000. This same technique applies when What is being standardized in LBCS is the multidi- now used as bike paths or walking and jogging trails.
selecting colors for land uses. mensionality of land use. Because multidimensionality
is the basis of land-use discourse in the planning pro- Overlapping Features
Mixing Coding Levels fession, any time and effort spent by planners in When trying to classify overlapping features, such as
It is probably unavoidable to code one set of records classifying land uses ought to reflect how planning two roads of different types intersecting, a railroad
at the top level, another using the second level, and applications employ them. LBCS provides the flexibil- intersecting a road, or an underground subway sys-
yet another using third level, and so on, in all but the ity in data classifications and the technical means tem, there are two related issues to address. One is
simplest databases. Such mixing of coding levels is necessary to produce useful products for planning. classifying the uses, and the other is representing the
acceptable, as long as any aggregation happens at the uses on a map. Both issues affect each other. If the
highest level coded. Geo-References underlying database has separate records for each of
For example, residential land-use data in any Land use is independent of geographic location. For the intersecting facilities, then assign the appropriate
region consists of a variety of densities and housing that reason, latitude/longitude coding has not been LBCS codes from the Structure dimension to those
types. One community may have coded every hous- provided. In GIS terminology, LBCS is an attribute records.
ing type, while another may have only a single standard, not a cadastral standard. Geo-referencing, If the records are not separate, as is common in
category for all types of residential. Merging such usually specified as a pair of latitude and longitude local land-use databases where transportation facili-
uneven levels of coding should then result in a broad values, pertains to the geographic location identifier. ties are either omitted or acquire only a single
category for all types of residential uses. If a database is of parcels, for example, then each polygon in a GIS, classify using a broader category to
One could also mix and match coding levels across parcel should have geo-references in fields inde- capture both the intersecting features. If this is not
dimensions and even within the same dimension. For pendent of land-use coding and other attribute data. possible or unacceptably vague, try to break the poly-
instance, one part of the community may be coded at Moreover, not all local land-use data employ the gons into constituent components and then assign
the four-digit level and another at only the top level. same geo-referencing scheme. A geo-referencing the precise LBCS codes. Remember, in land-use clas-
Or all residential lands may be coded at the four-digit standard can still be used to locate land-use and other sifications, the concern is to classify spatial units, such
level and the remainder is coded at the one-digit top attribute data. as parcels and rights-of-way, not each structural ele-
level. All such permutations are perfectly valid, and ment, such as roads, bridges, or station platforms.
probably unavoidable. Multiple Structures Next, consider how overlapping spatial units are
State and regional planning agencies assisting local Multiple structures can be classified on the same land displayed on a map. What happens at intersections?
communities with a standard coding standard should unit. For example, if the land unit is a parcel, assign Are the polygons "merged" or are they just "over-

American Planning Association, Chicago, Illinois

LAND-BASED CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS

708 Land-Based Classification Standards

lapped? Perhaps they are rendered as dotted lines. available technical resources. Communities should Environmental Preferences Versus Land
The rendering options are many, but the underlying evolve their models as their needs and resources Use
map features and the database holding the attribute evolve. Sensitive area is not a land use. The characteristics
information can tell which of the above two ways to that make lands critical or sensitive stand independ-
classify overlapping features. In short, do not assume Zoning Maps Versus Land-Use Categories
ent of land-use characteristics; that is, it is possible for
that just because the polygons appear merged that In the interest of uniformity, planners sometime a seasitive or critical area to have a use other than
the database also has merged records. equate zoning districts with land-use categories. With whatever makes it "sensitive." LBCS classifies the
When rendering overlapping features on a two- regard to land-use data, there can never be a one-to- underlying land-use characteristics.
dimensional map, when such features have widely one match between zoning districts and land-use
different categories, one has to choose which of the categories. Land uses in zoning refer to multiple land- Design Preferences Versus Land Use
overlapping features takes precedence for rendering use characteristics, not just activity, structure, Pedestrian-friendly environment is not a land use; it
purposes. The solution may be to make two maps, function, ownership, or site development character, is the characterization of one or more land uses,
showing different overlapping feaaires alternatively. To regulate land uses, zoning districts use generalized combined with one or more physical design and per-
The strategy one uses to choose what to render is the groupings of multiple land-use characteristics. Such formance attributes. Downtowns, suburbs, tourist
same as if the parcel had multiple codes from the groupings are a function of each community's pre- commercial, highway commercial, rural residential,
same LBCS dimension. If, for example, the parcel has rogative. For example, not all R-l districts in all strip commercial, commercial node, employment
both office and residential activities, in a residential jurisdictions have the same fist of allowable and pro- center, mixed-use center, and transit-oriented center
study map, show only residential; in an economic hibited uses. It is also a misconception to assume that are also characterizations. LBCS classifies the under-
development study, show only office uses. for any given land use, every community would lying land uses, which may then be used to construct
If two or more uses have to be rendered on the allow that use under the same zoning district. Even special categories by combining other spatial and
same map, consider hatch patterns and other tech- the names and number of zoning districts that com- design characteristics.
niques, such as a 3D-GIS. But do not make the munities use vary. That is why a universal set of
common error of putting too many colors and hatch- zoning categories, zoning maps, and zoning colors Historic Sites and Heritage Areas
ing patterns on a single map. And do not use too does not exist. However, one can apply LBCS princi- LBCS does not include specific land-use categories for
many colors (meaning land-use categories); instead, ples in defining land uses that zoning districts historic sites, heritage areas, archeological sites, cultural
use many maps to make the same point. regulate, especially lists of permitted, prohibited, spe- facilities, or other complex evaluative or prescriptive
To classify objects, such as transportation features cial uses, conditional uses, and exceptional uses, as uses. One can construct any combination of land-use
or every physical facility on a campus, apply more some communities have done. They referenced LBCS characteristics that encompass a specific historic or her-
appropriate classification systems. For facilities, codes when describing the uses. itage area. For example, if the designation required is
consider the FGDC Facility Standards, and for trans- evaluative, such as all structures older than 100 years
portation, the NSDI Framework Transportation Other Standards are historic, then in the Structure dimension, create an
Identification Standard. Depending on the standard, LBCS may incorporate it additional field for age of structure. If the designation
in one or more of the following ways: in terminology, is prescriptive, such as this part of town is historic
Federal Highway Classifications in developing categories, in showing how to integrate because the last battle was fought there, then create an
Many planners want to track linear features based on land-use data with other types of data, in rendering additional field in the Activity dimension to identify
funding and regulatory mechanisms of the Federal and display methods, and so forth. The 100-year his- such parcels. In either case, one would still have to
Highway Administration (FHWA). LBCS has a general tory of other standards leading up to LBCS provides identify all the activities, structures, functions, and so
category for highways in the Structure dimension. Its a quick overview of how LBCS is connected to other forth for those parcels, because the existing land use is
subcategories match the current FHWA classification standards. still independent of how we evaluate or prescribe the
hierarchy; they match FHWA highways and road use of land. Consider this: If a community has a major
types, and also describe the mapping of linear fea- Applying Another Land-Use Standard national historic site or a historic corridor, then evalu-
tures (not land uses) as required by the Intermodal When considering using another land-use classifica- ate all the mass assembly activities, tourist commercial,
Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA). Note tion scheme for land-use data (the LBCS website and a host of other activities that occur there. They all
that FHWA-required identification of ownership of provides many other standards as examples), con- have to be somehow accounted for in the land-use
rights-of-way can be assigned from the LBCS sider the following questions: database for tabulating the impacts. So a historic area
Ownership dimension. LBCS can serve to integrate such as Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia, would contain
land use and transportation at the data level. • Will the data be shared or analyzed by someone many activities, functions, structures, ownerships, and
other than the person collecting and classifying the site development characteristics in size and quantity
Tribal Lands data? comparable to many city centers.
Classifying Native American tribal land uses, espe- • Will the data be aggregated or merged with land-
cially for ownership characteristics, is a complexity use data collected for purposes different from those Existing Uses Versus Future Uses
planners working for tribal governments need to cap- for which first collected? Residential in an existing use is not the same as resi-
ture. The Ownership dimension has the appropriate • Will the data be maintained (add, delete, update dential on a comprehensive (or general) plan map
categories for federal and state tribal lands, trust and records) by anyone else? designation. On a future use map, residential refers to
nontrust lands. • Will the data use any LBCS lookup tables (meaning the overall character of the area and does not explic-
the current system does not have any lookup tables itly differentiate all the other land uses that go into
Shopping Centers for data conversion and comparability)? making the area residential, such as roads, rights-of-
The Structure dimension has a general category for way, parks, playgrounds, utilities, day care centers,
shopping centers, and its subcategories provide addi- If the response to all these questions is no, then and community centers. LBCS categories classify the
tional differentiation for different types of shopping consider other standards. elements that make up the composite descriptions of
centers. a comprehensive plan.
Environmental Constraints Versus Land
Data Standards Use Color Ramps
LBCS does not have a standard data model. Land-use A floodplain is not a land use; it is a land character- Most GIS packages have scripting facilities that can
data can be stored in a variety of ways, even without istic. Similarly, a wetland is not a land use. See the quickly create color ramps, such as for residential yel-
a computer and using hard-copy maps. The design discussions about the differences between referential, low ramps, if the low and high values are provided.
and implementation of a data model for land uses evaluative, and prescriptive land uses in LBCS dis- GIS software vendors may have ready-made scripts
should be derived from the application needs and the cussion papers. for such a purpose.

American Planning Association, Chicago, Illinois

LAND-BASED CLASSIFICATION
 Land-Based Classification Standards 709

NAICS and SIC Officers (IAAO). IAAO developed these codes based administrative regulations, but there is no legislative
Both the North American Industry Classification on the 1965 SLUCM, which assessors use as part of a or congressional mandate to use LBCS.
System (NAICS) and the Standard Industrial crucial and important step in property valuations.
IAAO has since indicated that it has, in principle, LBCS Usage
Classification (SIC) system are subsumed in the func-
tion dimension of LBCS—there is a one-to-one match adopted LBCS to update its property use codes. In the LBCS is most frequently used for land-use data, com-
between function dimension and NAICS. Use the future, planners should expect assessors to implement prehensive plans, regional plans, transportation
Search Business Types menu item to locate NAICS new property use codes derived from LBCS. plans, and statewide plans. Some communities have
industry types. Use SIC-to-NAICS conversion to first adopted LBCS by reference in zoning ordinances,
convert SIC data to NAICS, then match that to the
Essential Facilities and Critical Facilities development guidelines, and other regulatory tools. A
LBCS Function dimension. in the worst-case scenario, The LBCS Structure dimension has specific categories few states have also considered LBCS as a minimum
a third of the records will have to be manually for Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) standard for their local communities' land-use data.
adjusted. classification types. These match all the categories Many colleges and universities use LBCS for teaching
required by Hazards U.S (HAZUS), the FEMA-spon- land-use subjects and for land-use surveys in studio
SIC Ancillary Uses sored natural hazard loss estimation methodology. classes. Many nonprofit, special-interest groups work-
HAZUS classifications are also available separately in ing in the areas of environmental planning,
NAICS no longer uses SIC one-digit ancillary codes,
the Other Standards section of LBCS. environmental justice, land supply monitoring,
much as LBCS does not include primary and second-
affordable housing, economic development, natural
ary uses. For SIC ancillary codes, the NAICS website
National Security Concerns hazards mitigation, and emergency response and
has methods for conversion using correspondence
LBCS does not require classifying critical facilities, recovery have also shown interest in LBCS. GIS ven-
tables. For planning agencies that formerly collected
because the ability to classify all land uses is separate dors, mapping companies, and similar companies
ancillary data, note that NAICS methodology obviates
from a need or requirement to provide such infor- that provide services to planning agencies either
any need to collect such data. If an existing SIC data
mation for planning and zoning applications. One adopt or recommend LBCS in their projects.
set can be converted to NAICS, then conversion to
LBCS can be automated. On a related note, some data can always decide not to publish any land-use data,
sets mat have relied on "SIC size standards" should to publish only broad top-level categories, or to
LBCS DATA MODEL
apply current standards from the U.S. Department of remove any mention of critical facilities before pub-
Commerce's Small Business Administration. The size lishing. LBCS allows communities to accurately assess Mirroring the multidimensionality of land-use in data-
refers to the limits necessary to qualify as a small critical facilities data for planning applications, such bases requires a database scheme that can store
business. Planners have sometimes used these to esti- as emergency response and postdisaster recovery multiple codes. Relational databases offer an easy
mate employees or sales figures and in some plans. The particular aspect of data made public platform for implementing such a schema. Although
economic development plans. This kind of size data raises a question whose answer is beyond the scope most land-use coding is done using flat files, such as
is independent of any land-use characteristic, but one of LBCS and must be weighed against local public spreadsheets or simple text files, assigning multiple
could keep track of such data, if called for, with the disclosure laws. codes to a single parcel (or spatial unit) requires a
Function dimension. Just create additional fields to relational setup where it is possible to assign multiple
track number of employees by each function code for Metadata Standards codes to a single record in the tables. In LBCS, "mul-
each parcel or record in the land-use database. While LBCS provides a metadata template for documenting tiple codes" refers to codes from the same dimension
planning for data collection and analysis, the princi- land-based databases. This template has a profile for and from other dimensions. This is similar to assign-
ple planners should keep land-use data separate from incorporating LBCS-specific aspects of any metadata ing multiple phone numbers to one person in a
other kinds of data, even if closely related to land into a standard metadata file. Note that the examples contacts database. Note that implementing LBCS con-
uses. This not only improves clarity but also allows on the LBCS website employ the tools and profiles cepts is not contingent on a relational database or
for flexibility in updating data. developed by the Federal Geographic Data even having a database. LBCS can be applied any-
Committee (FGDC). where land uses are employed. For example, lists of
Assessment Data permitted and prohibited uses in a zoning ordinance
simply contain a list of uses. LBCS can be applied to
Many planners rely on real estate assessment data that Voluntary Standard
developing such lists. These models are provided to
is often collected for tax purposes. Two points to note LBCS is not a mandatory standard. Much like SLUCM,
assist in implementing LBCS using databases. They
about such data. First, assessments have a specific pur- LBCS is a tool any community can adopt voluntarily.
are not required to implement LBCS.
pose, which is taxation; and the categories assessors A local, state, or regional agency may choose to make
use do not always translate into land uses planners it mandatory, but there is no federal agency mandat-
need. For example, assessors do not differentiate non- ing LBCS for local communities. However, planning RESOURCES
taxable properties—the use on the site could be consultants working on federal projects may
Land Based Classification Standards.
religious institution, a school, or a cemetery. However, encounter LBCS as a minimum standard specified as
planners have to take into consideration all such dif- www.planning.org/lbcs. Last accessed 6/23/05.
part of a federal agency guideline, or a program man-
ferentiations. The second point is that most assessment ager adopting LBCS as a requirement for federal Standard Land Use Coding Manual (SLUCM).
categories are derived from the Property Use Codes, contracts. Similarly, planners who work for federal Available at www.planning.org/lbcs/OtherStandards/
published by the International Association of Assessing agencies may be required to use LBCS as part of their SLUCM.html. Last accessed 6/23/05.

American Planning Association, Chicago, Illinois

LAND-BASED CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS

710 Graphic Symbols and Drawing Annotations

GRAPHIC SYMBOLS AND DRAWING

ANNOTATIONS

GRAPHIC SYMBOLS AND DRAWING ANNOTATIONS

 National Planning Award Winners 711

NATIONAL PLANNING AWARD WINNERS

The APA and AICP National Planning Awards honor Outstanding Planning Award for a Special 2002
excellence in plans, individuals, and organizations. Community Initiative
Each year's award winners showcase the planning Lower Town Neighborhood Plan and Artist Planning Award for a Project/Program/TooI
profession's past, present, and future leadership, who Relocation Program (Paducah, Kentucky) A Handbook for Oregon Communities (Oregon
help to create great communities, and offer evidence State)
of the changes others can make when they become Public Education Award
Outstanding Planning Award for
partners in the planning process. Reading the Land—Massachusetts Heritage Implementation
Featured here are the awards for planning projects, Landscapes: A Guide to Identification and
Mountain View Plan for Integrated Transit-
organized by year for the past five years. Other Protection (Massachusetts Department of
Oriented Development (Mountain View,
awards honor leadership, distinguished service, Conservation and Recreation)
California)
exceptional journalism, student projects, planning
The 2004 Department of Housing and Outstanding Manning Award for a Special
landmarks, and planning pioneers. More information
Urban Development Community Initiative
on APA's awards program can be found at
Secretary's Opportunity & Empowerment Award Youth Neighborhood Association Partnership
www.planning.org.
Wright-Dunbar Village Preservation and Program (Las Vegas, Nevada)
Redevelopment (Dayton, Ohio)
2005 Outstanding Planning Award for a Plan
Current Topic Award: "Parks and Public Lands" Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan (Pima
Outstanding Planning Award for a Plan Chambers Creek Properties Master Site Plan County, Arizona)
The Queen City Hub: Regional Action Plan for (Pierce County, Washington)
Downtown Buffalo (Buffalo, New York) Current Topic Award: Planning for Heritage
National Social Advocacy Award (in honor of Areas and Sustainable Tourism
Outstanding Planning Award for a Special Paul Davidoff) The Master Plan for the Confluence (St. Louis,
Community Initiative Lapham Park Venture (Milwaukee, Wisconsin) Missouri)
Atchison Riverfront Park (Atchison, Kansas)
Daniel Burnham Award Public Education Award
Outstanding Planning Award for "Complete Communities for Clackamas County"
Chicago Metropolis 2020 (Chicago, Illinois)
Implementation (Clackamas County, Oregon)
Extending the Vision for South Broad Street—
Building Philadelphia's Avenue of the Arts in Daniel Burnham Award
the 21st Century (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) 2003 Envision Utah (Greater Wasatch Region)

Outstanding Planning Award for a Outstanding Planning Award for a Plan HUD Secretary's Opportunity and
Program/Plan/Tool Destination 2030, Metropolitan Transportation Empowerment Award
City of Santa Cruz Accessory Dwelling Unit Plan for the Central Puget Sound Region City of Fort Worth Model Blocks Program (Fort
Development Program (Santa Cruz, California) (Washington State) Worth, Texas)

Current Topic Award: Safe Growth Outstanding Planning Award for a Project
The National Capital Urban Design and Security Philadelphia City Planning Commission's 2001
Plan (Washington, DC) Community Heritage Preservation Project
(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) Outstanding Planning Award for a Project
Public Education Award Central Station (Memphis, Tennessee)
The Green Valley Institute (Brooklyn, Outstanding Planning Award for
Connecticut) Outstanding Planning Award for
Implementation
Implementation
Daniel Burnham Award The Southside Development Plan (Greensboro,
Village of Arlington Heights, Illinois
The Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy (Los North Carolina)
Angeles, California) Outstanding Planning Award for a Special
Outstanding Planning Award for a Special Community Initiative
Community Initiative Oro Valley Save-a-Plant (Oro Valley, Arizona)
The Eau Gallie Improvement Project
2004 Outstanding Planning Award for a Plan
(Melbourne, Florida)
Outstanding Planning Award for a Plan Biodiversity Recovery Plan for the Chicago
Urban Design Framework for the Near Current Topic Award: "Implementing Smart Region (Chicago, Illinois)
Southeast (Washington, DC) Growth"
Current Topic Award for Transportation
Fall Creek Place (Indianapolis, Indiana)
Outstanding Planning Award for a Program Hollywood & Sandy Plan (Portland, Oregon)
Chesterfield Township TDR Program Public Education Award Public Education Award
(Chesterfield Township, New Jersey) League of Women Voters' Education Campaign Municipality of Anchorage (Alaska)
on Urban Sprawl (Buffalo/Niagara, New York)
Outstanding Planning Award for The HUD Secretary's Opportunity and
Implementation Special Recognition Empowerment Award
Presidio Trust Management Plan (San Francisco, Imagine New York, a project of the Municipal Mid-Cities Redevelopment Project (Baton
California) Art Society (New York, New York) Rouge, Louisiana)

NATIONAL PLANNING AWARD WINNERS

712 National Planning Award Winners

2000 Current Topic Award for Growing Smart The HUD Secretary's Opportunity and
Initiatives and Applications Empowerment Award
Outstanding Planning Award for a Plan
Palm Beach County Managed Growth Program Women's Housing and Economic Development
Blueprint for Liberty—Future Land Use Plan (West Palm Beach, Florida) Corp. (Bronx, New York)
(Liberty, Missouri)
Outstanding Planning Award for Public Education Award
Outstanding Planning Award for a Implementation EI Arco Iris Youth Power Program (Holyoke,
Project/Program/Tool
Forest Park Master Plan (St. Louis, Missouri) Massachusetts)
Revitalizing the Landscape in the New
Economy (Hancock County Planning Outstanding Planning Award for a Special
Commission, Maine) Community Initiative
Southside Institutions Neighborhood Alliance
Initiative (Trinity College, Hartford,
Connecticut)

NATIONAL PLANNING AWARD WINNERS

 Index 713

INDEX

INDEX
714 Index

INDEX
Index 715

INDEX
716 Index

INDEX
Index 717

INDEX
718 Index

INDEX
Index 719

INDEX
720 Index

INDEX
 LBCS
Land-Based Classification Standards
Land-Use Dimensions
LBCS Activity
Residential activities
Shopping, business or trade activities
Industrial, manufacturing, and waste-related activities
Social, institutional, or infrastructure-related activities
Travel or movement activities
Mass assembly of people
Leisure activities
Natural resource-related activities
No human activity or unclassifiable activity

LBCS Function
Residence or accomodation functions
General Sales or services
Manufacturing and wholesale trade
Transportation, communication, information, and utilities
Arts, entertainment and recreation
Education, public amin., health care, other inst.
Construction-related businesses
Mining and extraction establishments
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

LBCS Structure
Residential buildings
Commercial buildings and other specialized structures
Public assembly structures
Institutional or community facilities
Transportation-related facilities
Utility and other nonbuilding structures
Military installations
Sheds, farm buildings, or agricultural facilities
No structure

LBCS Site
Developed site
Developed site with a structure - building
Developed site with a structure - nonbuilding
Developed site that is functional (crops, storage etc.)
Developed site that is primarily ornamental (landscape)
Developed site functional and ornamental (park)
Developed site that is graded
Site with temporary structure
Site in natural state

LBCS Ownership
No constraints - private ownership
Some constraints - easements or restricted use
Limited restrictions - leased or tenancy restrictions
Public restrictions - local, state, federal ownership
Other public use restrictions - regional, special district
Nonprofit ownership restrictions
Joint ownership character - public entities
Joint ownership character - public, private, nonprofit, etc.
Not applicable to this dimension

LBCS OVERVIEW
C-2

Land-Based Classification Standards 01-Apr-2001

LBCS Color Codes for 1-Digit Level Coding

Red, Green, Blue Values Color* LBCS Code Activity

RGB(255.255.0) 1000 Residential activities
RGBHex(FFOOFF)

RGB(255.0.0) 2000 Shopping, business, or trade activities

RGBHex(FFOOOO)

RGB(160.32.240) 3000 I n d u s t r i a l , manufacturing, and waste-

RGBHex(A0F020) related activities

RGB(0.0.255) 4 0 0 0 Social, institutional, or infrastructure-

RGBHex(OOFFOO) related activities

RGB(190,190,190) 5000 Travel or movement activities

RGBHex(BEBEBE)

RGB(47,79,79) 6000 Mass assembly of people

RGBHex{2F4F4F)

RGB(144.238,144) 7 0 0 0 Leisure activities

RGBHex(9090EE)

RGB(34,139,34) 8000 Natural resources-related activities

RGBHex(22228B)

RGB(255,255,255) 9 0 0 0 No human activity or unclassifiable

RGBHex(FFFFFF) activity

*Specify the RGB (red, green, blue) values, instead of relying on color names, for consistent reproduction
of colors on a printer, plotter, or computer screen, Using RGB values can sometimes avoid differences in
how software and hardware render colors. Some colors, no matter what, differ how they look on screen
from their printed version. Also, if you are reviewing this document on a computer screen, note that some
software (web browsers, for example) limit the number of colors displayed. If your software can only
accept hexadecimal values, as many GIS and plotting software do, then use the corresponding RGBHex
value. For CMYK values and other color coding details, check the LBCS website.

LBCS C O L O R C O D E S FOR 1 - D I G I T LEVEL C O D I N G : A C T I V I T Y

SOURCE- American Planning Association
 land-Based Classification Standards 01-Apr-2001

LBCS Color Codes for 1-Digit Level Coding

Red, Green, Blue Values Color* LBCS Code Function

RGB(255,255,0) 1000 Residence or accommodation functions
RGBHex(FF00FF)

RGB(255,0,0) 2000 General sales or services

RGBHex(FF0000)

0(160,32,240) 3000 Manufacturing and wholesale trade

RGBHex(A0F020)

RGB(190,190,I90)
4000 Transportation, communication,
RGBHex(BEBEBE) information, and utilities

RGB(144,238,144) 5000 Arts, entertainment, and recreation

RGBHex(9090EE)

RGB{0,0,255) 6000 Education, public admin., health care, and

RGBHex(00FF00) other inst.

RCB(0,139,139) 7000 Construction-related businesses

RGBHex(008B8B)

RGB(85,26,139) 8000 Mining and extraction establishments

RGBHex(558B00)

RGB(34,139,34) 9000 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting

RCBHex(22228B)

*Specify the RGB (red, green, blue) values, instead of relying on color names, for consistent reproduction
of colors on a printer, plotter, or computer screen. Using RGB values can sometimes avoid differences in
Now software and hardware render colors. Some colors, no matter what, differ how they look on screen
from their printed version. Also, if you are reviewing this document on a computer screen, note that some
software (web browsers, for example) limit the number of colors displayed. If your software can only
accept hexadecimal values, as many GIS and plotting software do, then use the corresponding RGBHex
value. For CMYK values and other color coding details, check the LBCS website.
LBCS COLOR CODES FOR 1-DIGIT LEVEL C O D I N G : F U N C T I O N
C-4

Land-Based Classification Standards 01-Apr-2001

LBCS Color Codes for 1-Digit Level Coding

Red, Green, Blue Values Color" LBCS Code Ownership

RGB(245,245,220) 1000 No constraints—private ownership
RGBHex(F5DCF5)

RGB(0,0,255) 2000 Some constraints—easements or other

RGBHex(00FF0) use restrictions

RGB(0,0,139) 3000 Limited restrictions—leased and other

RGBHex(008B00) tenancy restrictions

RGB(144,238,144) 4000 Public restrictions—local, state, and

RGBHex(9090EE) federal ownership

RGB(0,100,0) 5000 Other public use restrictions—regional,

RGBHex(000064) special districts, etc

RGB(107,142,35) 6000 Nonprofit ownership restrictions

RGBHex(6B238E)

RGB(190,190,190) 7000 Joint ownership character—public

RGBHex(BEBEBE) entities

RGB(0,0,0) 8000 Joint ownership character—public,

RGBHex(OOOOOO) private, nonprofit, etc.

RGB(255,255,255) 9000 Not applicable to this dimension

RGBHex(FFFFFF)

*Specify the RGB (red, green, blue) values, instead of relying on color names, for consistent reproduction
of colors on a printer, plotter, or computer screen. Using RGB values can sometimes avoid differences in
how software and hardware render colors. Some colors, no matter what, differ how they look on screen
from their printed version. Also, if you are reviewing this document on a computer screen, note that some
software (web browsers, for example) limit the number of colors displayed. If your software can only
accept hexadecimal values, as many GIS and plotting software do, then use the corresponding RGBHex
value. For CMYK values and other color coding details, check the LBCS website.

LBCS C O L O R CODES FOR I - D I G I T LEVEL C O D I N G : O W N E R S H I P

SOURCE- American Planning Association
 Land-Based Classification Standards 01-Apr-2001

LBCS Color Codes for 1-Digit Level Coding

Color* LBCS Code Site

1000 Site in natural state

2000 Developing site

3000 Developed site — crops, grazing,

forestry, etc.

4000 Developed site — no buildings and no

structures

5000 Developed site — nonbuilding structures

6000 Developed site — with buildings

7000 Developed site — with parks

8000 Not applicable to this dimension

9000 Unclassifiable site development

character

*Specify the RGB (red, green, blue) values, instead of relying on color names, for consistent reproduction
of colors on a printer, plotter, or computer screen. Using RGB values can sometimes avoid differences in
how software and hardware render colors. Some colors, no matter what, differ how they look on screen
from their printed version. Also, if you are reviewing this document on a computer screen, note that some
software (web browsers, for example) limit the number of colors displayed. If your software can only
accept hexadecimal values, as many GIS and plotting software do, then use the corresponding RGBHex
value. For CMYK values and other color coding details, check the LBCS website.

COLOR CODES FOR 1-DIGIT LEVEL C O D I N G : SITE

C-6

Land-Based Classification Standards 01-Apr-2001

LBCS Color Codes for 1-Digit Level Coding

Red, Green, Blue Values Color* LBCS Code Structure
RGB(255,255,0) 1000 Residential buildings
RGBHex(FF00FF)

RGB(255,0,0) 2000 Commercial buildings and other

RGBHexfFF0000) specialized structures

RGB(160,32,240) 3000 Public assembly structures

RGBHex(A0F020)

RGB(0,0,255) 4000 Institutional or community facilities

RGBHex(OOFFOO)

RGB(190,190,190) 5000 Transportation-related facilities

RGBHex(BEBEBE)

RGB(133,133,133) 6000 Utility and other nonbuilding structures

RGBHex(858585)

RGB(255,192,203) 7000 Specialized military structures

RGBHex(FFCBC0)

RGB(34,139,34) 8000 Sheds, farm buildings, or agricultural

RGBHex(22228B) facilities

RGB(255.255,255) 9000 No structure

RGBHex(FFFFFF)

*Specify the RGB (red, green, blue) values, instead of relying on color names, for consistent reproduction
of colors on a printer, plotter, or computer screen. Using RGB values can sometimes avoid differences in
how software and hardware render colors. Some colors, no matter what, differ how they look on screen
from their printed version. Also, if you are reviewing this document on a computer screen, note that some
software (web browsers, for example) limit the number of colors displayed. If your software can only
accept hexadecimal values, as many GIS and plotting software do, then use the corresponding RGBHex
value. For CMYK values and other color coding details, check the LBCS website.

LBCS COLOR CODES FOR 1 -DIGIT LEVEL CODING: STRUCTURE

Source: American Planning Association
 C-7

CITY OF ALBUQUERQUE,NEW M E X I C O COMPREHENSIVE PLAN

New Mexico Planning Department 2000
C-8

City of Minneapolis
Land Use Policy
South Sector
Map 9.8
Legend

Single Family
Two Family
Multi-Family
Group Quarters
Retail - Commercial
Services - Commercial
Public Facilities
Cultural, Entertainment
Transportation, Communications
Light Industrial
General Industrial
Parks, Open Space
Undeveloped, Unused Land

Growth Centers

Potential Growth Centers

Major Housing Sites

Industrial Park Opportunity Areas

Auto Oriented Shopping Centers

Activity Centers

Transit Station Areas (1/2 mile radius)

Neighborhood Commercial Nodes

Community Corridors
'Commercial Corridors
'Existing Greenway
Downtown 2010
Water

Created by :
Minneapolis Community Planning and
Economic Development Department,
Planning Division
December 2003

CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS LAND USE POLICY, SOUTH SECTOR MAP

Source City of Minneapolis
 C-9

SITE PLAN

SECTION VIEW
C- 10

AERIAL VIEW
Source Urban Design Associates.

PERSPECTIVE
Source Urban Design Associates.
 2030 Metropolis Plan Concept
Six C o u n t y M e t r o p o l i t a n C h i c a g o A r e a

Legend
CTA Rail Line

New CTA Rail Line

Metra Rail Line

New M e t r a Rail Line

New Bus Rapid
Transit (8RT)

Expressways
New Expressways

Arterials

Regional Centers

P r o t e c t e d O p e n Space

U r b a n i z e d Land

Counties

Source: Chicago Metropolis 2020 Technical Report

2030 METROPOLIS PLAN C O N C E P T

C-12

BROAD CREEK O R I G I N A L SITE P L A N , N O R F O L K , V I R G I N I A

Source: Urban Design Associates.

BROAD CREEK RENAISSANCE, H O P E VI R E D E V E L O P M E N T P L A N , N O R F O L K , V I R G I N I A

Source. Urban Design Associates.
 C-13

DESTINATION MAP 2030

C-14

LEGEND Proposed Existing Proposed Existing

COMMUNITY
Dublin Boundary Elementary School Fire Station PLAN
Middle School CITY OF
Active Railway line POM Office
High School
DUBLIN
Cemetery Other Public Buildings OHIO
Church Private School Private Park
Library School Offices Public Park February 24. 1999

MAP 30 Community Facilities

C O M M U N I T Y FACILITIES P L A N
Source City of Dublin. Ohio 1999
GREENWAY PARK
Source. Braver & Associates, Ltd.
 SONORAN DESERT
CONSERVATION PLAN

BIOLOGICAL CORRIDORS
AND CRITICAL HABITAT
The work on the biological corridors and critical habitat
element of the Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan revealed that
biology is the basis for all other elements. The strong
interconnections of all five elements is critical in f o r m i n g a
viable land m a n a g e m e n t plan t h a t ensures c o n t i n u i n g
biodiversity for Pima County,

LEGEND

Important Riparian Areas

Biological Core Areas

Multiple Use Areas

Wildlife Corridors

PIMA COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS

Sharon Bronson, Chair • District 3
Ann Day • District 1
Ramon Valadez • District 2
Raymond ]. Carroll • District A
Richard Elias • District 5

Chuck Huckelberry • Pima County Administrator

Visit t h e S o n o r a n Desert C o n s e r v a t i o n Plan W e b site

www.pima.gov/sdcp

Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan

County Administrator's Office
1 30 West Congress, 10th Floor
Tucson, AZ 85701
520-740-8162

B I O L O G I C A L CORRIDORS A N D C R I T I C A L HABITAT, S O N O R A N DESERT C O N S E R V A T I O N PLAN

Source: Pima County, Arizona.