ENGLISH LANGUAGE - ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW (by parisa 🤪☝️)

ESSAYS

Argumentative Essay:

Format:

Paragraph 1 (Introduction)—

- Hook (This can be a rhetorical question, a fact, or a quote. This needs to be

eye-catching, and also needs to ‘hook’ your audience.)
- Introduce the topic from the perspective of both sides and try to be neutral. (My fav
phrase to use here is “This has been a heavily debated issue, but I believe…” this leads
into your thesis statement)
- Thesis statement (your opinion on the topic given, whether you support it, are against it,
or are on some middle ground. E.g, “I support it but only in moderation”)

Paragraphs 1-3 (Arguments)—

- Each paragraph contains one point, all either supporting or going against the topic given.
These points must be well thought out, applicable to the topic, and innovative.
- The format for each paragraph is PEE, or, Point, Explanation, Example/Evidence. First,
you state the point for the paragraph, then, you explain it. Lastly, you provide an example
or evidence supporting your point. Your explanations should make TOTAL SENSE.
(Dhoro “This is my point. Simply put, it means that it supports the argument. For
example, this is the example.)

Paragraph 4 (Refute) (OPTIONAL FOR MIDTERMS)

- In this paragraph, you support the side opposite of what you've chosen. For example if
you picked for the topic, then here, you'll write against it. HOWEVER you're still going to
be supporting the topic even if you're writing from the perspective of someone against it.
What this means is that…
- You provide a counterargument at the end for all the points you mentioned in this
paragraph. For example, “However, there are reasons why people think dogs are better
than cats. They are not active, so active people may be better off with dogs. They are
also good for safety, as they may defend houses as well as people. However, in the end,
cats are more versatile and just generally better pets.” The text in underline is the
‘counterargument’ of the paragraph.
- Make sure to use appropriate language here in this paragraph. Notice how I still

🎀🎀
maintained my stance of supporting cats even when writing the dog part with the use of
“why people think”, and “may be.” very demure. very cutesy
Paragraph 5 (Conclusion)—

- Honestly just a repetition of the introduction but try to write it a bit more neutrally and try
to have a sentiment in the paragraph. Like a message you're trying to send. For example
if I'm writing about the environment, I'd say “Anyway, we should all protect the
environment.”
- End with a good sentence hehehe

Tips:

● Don’t be afraid to use a little descriptive language

● Use words and phrases like
- Therefore, thus, hence, so, due to, simply put, this shows that
- Also, furthermore, not to further mention, to add to this, moreover
- Although, even though, even so, in spite of
- For example, e.g
● Avoid casual language
● Make sure your reasoning is good. Think of it like a debate or think of it like you're trying
to persuade somebody into thinking the same as you do

Narrative Essay:

Paragraph 1 (Introduction)—

- Start with a good hook. Get your audience interested in the story you're about to tell
even if it's shit. This can be dialogue or a surprising or shocking sentence
- Establish your character. Who are they? How do they look?
- Setting Now that you're done with the who, explain where, when, why. Describe the
surroundings, and give your character a clear motivation and goal. This can be trying to
find out a secret or winning a competition wtv js give them smth to work towards
- Include the turning point. Why does this story start where it started? What changed in
your character's life to get them here?

Paragraph 2 (Story progression)

- Progress your story. Make the character work for their goal and describe the things
happening to them

Paragraph 3 (Before climax)

- This is before the climax. The tension should be high and the story should be leading to
its peak
- You CAN include a twist here
Paragraph 4 (Climax)

- The climax is the peak of the story. Do it right.

- There should be stakes, it should be intense (this doesn't just mean physically intense.
Even a class test could be a climax if you wrote it properly.)

Paragraph 5 (Denouement, or, conclusion)

- Explain the aftermath of the climax

- Have your character introspect on what happened. As in, their thoughts about what's
happened to them so far and how they've learnt from it/improved as a person. There
should be a message in the story yknow
- End with a good sentence hehehe

Tips:

● Make your character interesting. They can be of any gender, any age, any background,
just make sure they suit your story. For example, a child may suit a horror story bc they
seem more vulnerable.
● Select a genre according to the topic. pro tip don't try to write fantasy

🤪🙏🙏
● You can use any tense and any person. The easiest is past tense and first person. I
prefer present tense and third person (not like other girls ) whatever works for
you arki
● Use sensory details. Touch, taste, smell, hearing and sight.
● Don't write unnecessary stuff and don't make your story boring. Make sure your story’s
flow is good

Descriptive essay (my favorite 🙏):

Paragraph 1 (Introduction)—

- Hook. Grab your readers’ attention. This can be a shocking sentence (“My favorite place
is the unknown.”) or a specific sensory detail (“The coffee was already cold by the time I
took a sip.”)
- Describe the setting. What are you writing about?

Paragraph 2-4—

- Honestly js describe stuff 💀💀 In a narrative descriptive essay you may need to

progress the story as well. In a narrative descriptive tho you should focus more on the
descriptive part. You don't need a convoluted plot here.
- But DO have a topic in mind for each paragraph. For example, if the topic is “Monsoon”,
in one paragraph I'd write about city life, in the other about village life, in another about
how I spend my monsoons, etc.
Paragraph 5 (Conclusion)—

- Introspective. Your opinions on the topic, js conclude the essay arki. For example if it's
abt monsoon id say “Even if monsoon has the potential to destroy, the rain also
symbolizes life and washes us anew.” (idk what the hell I just wrote by the way I'm js
yapping)
- End with a good sentence heheheh

COMPREHENSION

● Read the text ONCE. Then proti question er jonno go back to the text to get ur answers
● For short Q/A, Keep your answers TO THE POINT, brief and concise
● Take your answers from the text. Do not draw any conclusions or give your own opinion
● Eta ashol: the questions that tell you to explain how the writer presents their ideas or
something similar. The ones with 10 marks or so. First, you identify the techniques used
in the text. These may be rhetorical questions, metaphors, the use of first person,
present tense, descriptive language, emotive language, quotations, rule of three,
alliteration, logical references, etc. My tip is to immediately see the tense and person the
text is written in
- Next, you write ONE paragraph detailing each of these techniques. These will
follow the format PEE. Point, Evidence, Effect.
- The techniques are the points.
- Then, you give evidence, i.e, reference from the text. You should directly quote
where the techniques were used.
- Then, the effect. This basically means “what effect does the use of this technique
have on the readers?” This is different for each technique, for example, the use
of first person creates empathy in the reader’s hearts and makes them able to
immerse themselves in the text.
- An example paragraph would be: “In the text, the writer uses emotive language to
convey how the environment is rapidly deteriorating. For example, “dying polar
bears”, “destructive floods in Bangladesh”, and “beggars on streets freezing with
hypothermia”, are phrases she had used in the text. This invokes a sense of
empathy in the audience, and creates a sense of urgency. Due to this use of

🙏
language, a desire to take action also manifests in the readers.”
- I'd suggest googling the effects of all the examples I mentioned above amr
iccha kortesena shob likhte

LETTER (Formal)

Format:

Address
 Address
Date

Title of the person you're sending it to

Their designation/where they work
Location/Address

Subject: lorem ipsum

Dear Sir/Ma'am, (Sir is what's commonly used. Use sir)

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ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum

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ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem
ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum

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ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem
ipsum Lorem ipsum

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Yours kindly/sincerely/obediently
Your name
Your occupation/class
Your number

Example of the format:

Sector#14, Road#12, House#20

Uttara, Dhaka 1230
02/09/2018

Editor
The Daily Star
Karwan Bazaar, Dhaka
Subject: An article on my school

Dear Sir,

I am writing to you as a student of Bangladesh International Tutorial (BIT) to put forward a

report on the state of the school. I would like this content to be published in the opinion section
of your daily.

Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem
ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem
ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum

Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem
ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem ipsum Lorem
ipsum Lorem ipsum

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Thank you for your kind consideration and attention to this matter.

Yours kindly,
Parisa Nawal
Student of BIT
Class IX-A
01703873059

(Actually my address and number so call diyona 🙏)

Paragraph 1 (Introduction)—

● State for what and why you're writing (your intentions arki) to this particular person and
who you are.

Paragraph 2-4 (Elaboration)

● Question e 3 ta point deowa thakbe. Write a paragraph for each of the points

Paragraph 5 (Conclusion)

● Just a nice ending. Usually, this is “Thank you for your kind consideration and attention
to this matter.” or something similar.
Tips:

● Use formal, fancy language. Make sure it sounds very professional

● Be very DETAILED. do not be vague
● Answer why, how, what, when, where

*Informal ashbena midterms e but JUST IN CASE, it's the same thing as formal just without the
formal language, without any of the address (Just dear friend, dear sauda, dear nadia, ebhabe
shuru korba, paragraphs likhba, end e “Yours sincerely, Parisa Nawal” then shesh)

Grammar:

- Whatever sounds right