Chapter 2

SYSTEMS OF RESEARCH /
DATA GATHERING
PROCEDURES

This part of the study discusses the methodology that will be used for the project
wherein it contains the steps taken by the proponent to gather data and information
relevant to this proposal. This contains the research paradigm, data gathering procedures,
statistical data, survey, interview, observation, and data analysis and evaluation.

Research Paradigm

In designing a secured, meticulous, and well-planned jail facility, the proponent

used several data-gathering procedures to better comprehend the study's purpose and
associated processes. All the data and information gathered come from the proponent's
method to produce reliable results and conclusions that can be used continuously
throughout the study.

Table 1 Research Paradigm

Table 1 shows the diagrammatic format of the research process that must be done
by the proponent for gathering data and information. This includes the legwork part of
research and other processes that will be discussed more in the next parts of this

1
chapter.

2
Data Gathering
The methodology used by the proponent for the study consists of a
combined quantitative and qualitative research design. Under quantitative is the
statistical data and surveys, which focus on numerical data, while interviews,
observations, and data analysis and evaluation are covered by qualitative data
where the senses are used to obtain the information required for the study.

Here, it is also ensured that the proponent goes through the proper process
and has been approved by the offices and government agencies that fully
understand the project to deepen the proponent's knowledge about the proposed
jail.

Statistical Data
Due to the fact that the Pampanga Provincial Jail is not under the BJMP,
and only the Local Government Unit decides how much capacity the jail should
accommodate, where it was disclosed that the old facility was designed to house
300 inmates while the other building should accommodate a maximum of 1,000
inmates including all the inmates who were transferred from the old facility.
However, this can still be a factor causing some conflicts with the rules and laws
that must be followed in managing a jail, which will be discussed more in the next
parts of the study.

Survey
The proponent decided to conduct a survey among the inmates of the
Pampanga Provincial Jail, personnel, and visitors since they are the target users
of this study. The researcher provided paper questionnaires approved by the
Provincial Warden, to facilitate gathering information from the respondents.

In the actual questionnaire, the proponent used the Filipino language so

that the participants could easily understand the questions since not everyone
can understand the English language, especially because there are other inmates
who do not know how to read and write. However, the questions were translated
by the proponent to maintain the proper order in this part of the study.

3
 To keep it organized, the proponent used a 5-point Likert Scale where there
are questions provided and the participant is asked to rate their level of agreement
based on their insights about the jail. The scale is ordered sequentially based on
numbers from 5 to 1 where Strongly Agree is placed on the left of the scale going
to Strongly Disagree on the right side.

Interviews
For the proponent to better understand, deepen, and explore the opinions,
behavior, phenomenon, and experiences of the target users, the researcher
conducted an interview with people who have connections and sufficient
knowledge about the jail system. The interviewees are personnel, detainees at the
Pampanga Provincial Jail, a person who have been imprisoned in a prison with a
penal farm, architects who have experienced conceptualizing jails for the purpose
of research and actual projects, and important people in the Local Government
Unit which covers the area where the jail is planned to be relocated.

Observation
The proponent conducted three days of observations in the Pampanga
Provincial Jail, which is the focus of the study. However, to compare the
management between the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) and
a Provincial Jail, the researcher also visited and observed the Bataan District Jail
in its separate female and male dormitories.

Data Analysis and Evaluation

All the data and information gathered by the proponent are analyzed and
evaluated to pinpoint the important factors that can help to further improve the
study.

Data Gathered and Results

After explaining the entire process carried out by the researcher to accomplish the
research paradigm that was prepared, here are the collected data, as well as the results

4
of surveys, interviews, observations, and the general analysis and evaluation of all the
gathered information.

Statistical Data Gathered

With the help of the documents and information provided by the Admin
Office of the Pampanga Provincial Jail approved by the Provincial Administrator
and Provincial Warden to be given to the proponent, all the important details that
will be used by the researcher for the study of the jail are presented below.

Table 2 General Information about the Jail

Total Land Area 2,800 square meters

Total Cell Area 1,150 square meters
Ideal Habitable Area per Inmate 4.7 square meters
Ideal Capacity (Pampanga Provincial Jail) 1000 inmates
Ideal Capacity (United Nation's Standard) 245 inmates

Table 2 shows that with the small total land and cell area that the
Pampanga Provincial Jail has if it is calculated based on the 4.7 square meters
ideal habitable area per inmate that comes from the United Nations Standard
Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, where The Bureau of Corrections
Act of 2013 also based, the difference between the ideal capacity that the jail
management wants to achieve compared to the UN standards is very far.

The following tables will present the jail population data from the year when
the influx of inmates detained at the Pampanga Provincial Jail began up to the
present because the proponent would like to show the changes and differences
in jail from when everything was normal, and when the pandemic hits the country.

To better understand the following contexts, the proponent would like to

provide the formula on how to calculate the congestion rate of the jail and to
prove if overpopulation is really a problem. The congestion rate is computed as
the Jail

5
Population subtracted from the Ideal Capacity then the difference is divided by the
Ideal Capacity and then multiplied by 100%.

Table 3 Jail Population Data Year 2017

Month No. of Committed No. of Released Total No. of

Inmates Inmates Inmates
January 142 39 2028
February 80 48 2060
March 71 88 2043
April 114 60 2097
May 117 53 2161
June 117 83 2195
July 135 83 2247
August 192 49 2390

September 173 70 2493

October 115 52 2556
November 58 60 2554
December 35 65 2524

Table 3 shows the jail population in the year 2017 where it can be observed
that the number of inmates is very high, and it has a congestion rate of 756%. It
has an average of 112 committed inmates per month and 62 inmates for those
who have been released.

This is the year when the former president of the Philippines, Rodrigo
Duterte, implemented the War on Drugs, which did not prevent the continuous
increase in inmates, which worsen the problem of overcrowding in the Pampanga
Provincial Jail.

6
 Table 4 Jail Population Year 2018

Month No. of Committed No. of Released Total No. of

Inmates Inmates Inmates
January 69 66 2527
February 69 51 2545
March 70 43 2572
April 68 78 2562
May 69 52 2579
June 85 80 2584
July 98 71 2611
August 133 83 2661
September 153 102 2712

October 125 231 2604

November 147 269 2482
December 111 200 2369

Table 4 shows the jail population in the year 2018 where it can be noticed
that the number of inmates has increased more, and this recorded the worst
number of inmates in the jail having a congestion rate of 948%. The data has an
average of 99 committed inmates and 110 inmates for those who have been
released per month.

Table 5 Jail Population Year 2019

Month No. of Committed No. of Released Total No. of

Inmates Inmates Inmates
January 104 112 2377
February 147 117 2347
March 228 152 2271
April 114 123 2260
May 179 116 2197
June 144 131 2184
July 144 155 2195
August 105 139 2229

7
 September 96 138 2271
October 159 176 2288
November 167 151 2273
December 190 91 2158

Table 5 interprets the jail population in the year 2019 where it can be
observed that the number of inmates has decreased a little compared to last year
but is still high, and it has a congestion rate of 820%. It has an average of 133
committed inmates per month and 148 inmates for those who have been
released.

Table 6 Jail Population Year 2020

Month No. of Committed No. of Released Total No. of

Inmates Inmates Inmates
January 174 118 2214
February 158 108 2269
March 103 56 2316

April 36 11 2351
May 133 216 2268
June 183 125 2326
July 152 126 2352
August 136 170 2318
September 138 143 2313
October 107 103 2317

8
 November 1 1 2317
December 3 203 2117

Table 6 shows the jail population in the year 2020 where it can be observed
that the number of inmates has increased more compared to the year 2019, and
it has a congestion rate of 835%. It has an average of 110 committed inmates per
month and 115 inmates for those who have been released.

This is also the year where the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic begin to
emerge, not only in jails, in the Philippines, but throughout the world. There have
also been gradual changes in the jail's practices that have made the management
tighter because the inmates and personnel inside the jail are fully prioritized to be
protected from an illness that may come from outside the jail.

Table 7 Jail Population Year 2021

Month No. of Committed No. of Released Total No. of

Inmates Inmates Inmates
January 3 70 2050
February 5 143 1912
March 6 141 1777

April 22 106 1693

May 75 99 1669
June 62 79 1662
July 75 93 1644

August 39 51 1632

September 42 37 1637
October 84 98 1625
November 65 76 1614
December 54 124 1544

9
 Table 7 shows the jail population in the year 2021 where it can be noticed
that the number of inmates has suddenly decreased compared to the past few
years, and it has a congestion rate of 596%. It has an average of 44 inmates for
those who have been committed and 93 released inmates.

This is where the Good Conduct Time Allowance (GCTA) was

implemented, which will give inmates the opportunity to reduce the years or
months that they need to spend in jail. This was executed to reduce the
population inside the jail because there is no longer enough space for the
management to comply with the health protocols that need to be complied with
due to the pandemic.
Table 8 Jail Population Year 2022

Month No. of Committed No. of Released Total No. of

Inmates Inmates Inmates
January 31 44 1531
February 51 72 1510
March 95 107 1498
April 51 92 1457

May 47 118 1433

June 60 79 1414
July 49 48 1415

August 61 60 1417

September 59 67 1409
October 52 27 1435
November
December

Table 8 interprets the jail population in the present year where it can be
noticed that the number of inmates has decreased much more compared to last
year but is still congested with a rate of 393%. The data shown above has an

10
average of 55 committed inmates per month and 71 inmates for those who have
been released.

Table 9 Top Five Committed Crimes in Pampanga Provincial Jail

Crimes Committed No. of Inmates

Drug Related Cases 1,155 (80%)
Rape / Acts / RA 7610 Related Cases 106 (7%)
Murder/ Homicide / Physical Injuries Related Cases 101 (7%)
Robbery/ Theft/ Carnapping Related Cases 65 (5%)
Estafa Related Cases / Others 8 (1%)
Total No. Inmates as of October 2022: 1,435 (100%)

Table 9 shows the top committed crimes in jail where drug-related cases
lead with a percentage of 80% of the total number of inmates as of the month of
October, the year 2022. The same percentage is 7% for the second and third cases
related to rape, murder, homicide, and physical injuries related cases. The fourth
is robbery, theft, and carnapping-related cases with a percentage of 5%. The last
one is the estafa-related cases and others with 1% of the population.

Results of the Survey

• Survey for Inmates or Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL)
The proponent surveyed a total of 80 inmates which represents a
percentage of 100%, it includes 50 male and 30 female detainees.

In the first part of the questionnaire, where the personal profile is placed,
the proponent does not require the respondents to indicate their names and
cases of detainment to maintain the confidentiality of the information provided. All
the male detainees are members of Sputnik while the women have no group or
gang to join. Most of the inmates also have PWD and senior citizens in their cells
because they are not allowed to be isolated, so they can have a supporter and
guide daily. The number of detainees in each cell is too many because they range

11
from 80-100 for the male dormitory and 25-40 for the female dormitory, which
proves that overcrowding really exists in the Pampanga Provincial Jail.

Table 10 Survey Form Results for Inmates of Pampanga Provincial Jail

Questions Percentage of Respondents

Management 5 4 3 2 1
1. Is the security in the jail good? 89% 9% 3% 0% 0%
2. Does the personnel and PDLs
90% 6% 4% 0% 0%
have a good relationship?
3. Are PDLs having trouble
complying with rules and 0% 0% 11% 9% 80%
regulations?
Food
1. Do PDLs eat three or more
84% 16% 0% 0% 0%
meals a day?
2. Is the food provided to PDLs
78% 18% 1% 3% 1%
sufficient?
3. Are the foods prepared
56% 39% 5% 0% 0%
nutritious?
Facilities
1. Are the facilities in the jail
24% 6% 4% 23% 44%
complete?
2. Is there enough space inside
14% 11% 6% 9% 60%
your cell?
3. Does the jail provide the proper
thermal comfort needed by the 11% 19% 23% 30% 18%
PDLs?
4. Do all PDLs have enough and
16% 53% 6% 18% 8%
proper places to rest or sleep?
5. Do you have enough sleeping
equipment? (Mats, 35% 40% 4% 19% 3%
mattresses,
etc.)
6. Does your cell have proper
11% 20% 4% 53% 13%
ventilation? (windows)
7. Do the cells have enough
48% 30% 1% 19% 3%
electric fans?
8. Is your toilet neat and clean? 79% 21% 0% 0% 0%
9. Is your toilet fully equipped?
28% 35% 5% 21% 11%
(Soap, shampoo, etc.)

32
Health Care
1. Is the health of each POL
89% 11% 0% 0% 0%
protected?
2. Are there first aid kits available
61% 33% 5% 1% 0%
in the jail?
3. Are medical emergencies that
20% 29% 18% 25% 9%
occur acted upon immediately?
4. Is the clinic adequate to assist
0% 0% 4% 6% 90%
all the PDLs?
Recreation
1. Do PDLs have recreational
33% 43% 11% 14% 0%
activities?
2. Are the programs offered
10% 25% 5% 53% 8%
enough to keep PDLs busy?
3. Is it helpful to have recreation or
93% 8% 0% 0% 0%
distractions in jail?
Rehabilitation
1. Are there programs provided for
85% 10% 5% 0% 0%
PDLs to rehabilitate?
2. Are the programs provided
enough for PDLs to make a 44% 30% 19% 6% 1%
difference?
3. Will it help the rehabilitation if
there is a chapel or a place for 95% 5% 0% 0% 0%
PDLs to pray?
4. Will it help the rehabilitation if
there is a therapeutic garden or
a place where PDLs can relax 94% 6% 0% 0% 0%
their minds with the help of
plants and other greeneries?
5. Does having rehabilitation
94% 6% 0% 0% 0%
programs in jail help a lot?
Visitation
1. Do your family or relatives visit
15% 21% 1% 40% 23%
often?
2. Are PDLs given enough time to
0% 8% 15% 25% 53%
interact with their visitors?
3. Is there enough space or place
15% 23% 14% 40% 9%
for those visiting the jail?

3
I Proposed Relocation of the Jail
1. If given the opportunity, do you
agree with the idea of
transferring or relocating the jail
10% 64% 23% 4% 0%
to solve problems such as
overcrowding and lack of
facilities in the current jail?
2. Are you in favor of relocating the
jail to a wider or larger area
where PDLs can plant or farm so
64% 14% 19% 4% 0%
that they can have fun, get their
own food, and supplement what
PDLs can earn?
3. Do you think it will help the PDLs
if the Pampanga Provincial Jail 19% 55% 26% 0% 0%
will be relocated?

Table 10 shows the percentage of responses of the inmates who answered

the questionnaire provided by the proponent. To be more organized, the
researcher also made graphs with explanations to present the answers gathered
from the participants.

Table 11 Answers Obtained from PDLs Regarding the Management of the Jail

")

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Table 11 shows that most of the respondents agreed that the management
in the jail is good. From security, and the relationship between detainees and
personnel, it is no wonder that inmates do not have problems following the rules
and regulations of the jail.

3
 Table 12 Answers Obtained from PDLs Regarding the Food in Jail

Do F

c;

3 dt t1)

Sr 1 Y e Ar r e

Table 12 shows that the majority answered that the inmates eat enough
nutritious food with three or more meals every day.

Table 13 Answers Obtained from the PDLs Regarding Health Care

St yD

Table 13 shows that the detainees' health has been taken care of, and
there are first aid kits available for them. However, the jail does not have a doctor
and a clinic facility, so medical emergencies that happen to the detainees are not
always taken care of immediately, especially since they cannot just be taken to a
hospital whenever they need because it requires a long process if the court will
allow them to go out the jail to be checked by a professional doctor.

3
 Table 14 Answers Obtained from the PDLs Regarding the Facilities in Jail

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7 [ ot

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■s y AgeeA )gee [ 1 agr

Table 14 shows that the facilities available in the jail are not complete,
and the inmates do not have enough space in their cells, but there are still places
to sleep. Their cells do not have proper ventilation, so they use electric fans because
the jail cannot provide the proper thermal comfort they need. However, the inmates
are still able to maintain the cleanliness of their toilets, and most of them agreed
that their toilet is fully equipped.

3
 Table 15 Answers Obtained from the PDLs Regarding Recreation in Jail

■s A A y'.J

Table 15 shows that there are recreational activities provided in the jail, but
they are not enough to solace the detainees, especially because it is a great help
to pass the time. Other inmates also wrote in the questionnaire that if there were
more recreational activities, they would have distractions to not be sad and avoid
thinking about serious problems while they were being detained.

Table 16 Answers Obtained from the PDLs Regarding the Rehabilitation in Jail

■ rglA A dec1d gr tr IS gr

Table 16 shows that there are rehabilitation programs provided in the jail
but for some detainees, they are not enough. It is also presented in the graph that
the chapel and therapeutic garden are a big help for rehabilitation. There are also
detainees who indicated in the questionnaire that there are many advantages of
having rehabilitation programs because it helps them to have peace of mind,
3
correct behavior, regret their mistakes, and prepare themselves when they will be
released.

Table 17 Answers Obtained from the PDLs Regarding the Visitation in Jail

st

Is

■ y A J dId

Table 17 shows that most of the detainees are not visited much by their
families and there are also a few who still receive visitors. The graph shows that
the time allocated and space for visitation are both not enough.

3
 Table 18 Answers Obtained from the PDLs Regarding the Relocation of the Jail

gr UC

Table 18 shows that most of the detainees agree with the relocation of the
jail to solve the problems faced in the current facility, especially overcrowding. It is
also in favor of the inmates to relocate the jail to a larger area so that they can
plant on the farm to entertain themselves, have their own supply of food, and to
have an extra source of income.

It is a big factor that the proponent asked these questions to the detainees
because they are the ones who will benefit the most from this project. In this way,
the researcher found out that there are more inmates who agree to relocation
compared to other undecided respondents.

• Survey for Personnel

Jail staffs or personnel are also one of the target users of the relocation
because they are the one who manages and maintains order in the Pampanga
Provincial Jail, which is why the proponent also surveyed 30 personnel which
represents a percentage of 100%, to find out their insights about the detention
facility.

3
 Table 19 Survey Form Result from Personnel of Pampanga Provincial Jail

Questions Percentage of Respondents

Management 5 4 3 2 1
1. Is the management of the jail
good? 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%

2. Is the security in the jail 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%

good?
3. Does the personnel and PDLs 97% 3% 0% 0% 0%
have a good relationship?
4. Are PDLs having trouble
0% 0% 0% 7% 93%
complying with rules and
regulations?
Food

1. Do personnel and PDLs eat

differently? 30% 63% 0% 7% 0%

2. Is the order of procedure

maintained in the use of 100% 0% 0% 0%
0% cooking equipment in PDLs?
Facilities

1. Are the facilities in the jail

complete? 10% 20% 0% 70% 0%

2. Does the facility have enough

parking areas for personnel 13% 50% 0% 37% 0%
and visitors?
3. Do the personnel have
accommodation areas such 0% 0% 0% 100%
0% as barracks or rooms?

4. Is the accommodation of the

personnel adequate? 0% 27% 0% 73%
0%

5. Are the personnel comfortable

while working in the jail? 93% 7% 0% 0%
0%

6. Are there enough offices or

proper space for personnel? 50% 23% 0% 27% 0%

7. Is there enough space inside

your office? 3% 40% 0% 47% 10%

4
 8. Does the jail provide the
proper thermal comfort 30% 57% 7% 3% 0%
needed by the
personnel?
9. Do you have enough working
93% 7% 0% 0% 0%
equipment?
10. Do your offices or work areas
73% 17% 10% 0% 0%
have proper ventilation?
11. Is your toilet neat and clean? 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Health Care
1. Is the health of each
100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
personnel protected?
2. Are there first aid kits
available at your place 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
of
work?
3. Are medical emergencies that
occur acted upon 17% 23% 10% 50% 0%
immediately?
4. Is the clinic adequate to assist
0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
all PDLs and personnel?
Recreation
1. Do the personnel have
recreational activities when
0% 40% 0% 60% 0%
they are not on duty?
(Recreational area, gym, etc.)
2. Is the safety of PDLs and
personnel ensured in the 93% 7% 0% 0% 0%
programs provided?
3. Are the products produced by
100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
PDLs still marketable?
4. Is it helpful to have a
100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
recreational area in the jail?
Rehabilitation
1. Are there programs given to
PDLs so that they can be 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
rehabilitated?

4
 2. Are the programs provided
enough for PDLs to make a 90% 10% 0% 0% 0%
difference?
3. Apart from PDLs, would it also
help the personnel if there
would be a chapel or a place 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
for those inside the jail to
pray?
4. Would it help the jail to have a
therapeutic garden or a place
where the minds of PDLs and
100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
personnel can relax with the
help of plants and other
greeneries?
5. Does having rehabilitation
100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
programs in jail help a lot?
Visitation
1. Is the security and safety
of visitors and PDLs 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
ensured during visiting
hours?
2. Are PDLs given enough time
0% 7% 0% 90% 3%
to interact with their visitors?
3. Is there enough space or
place for those visiting 10% 83% 0% 7% 0%
the jail?

I Proposed Relocation of the Jail

1. If given the opportunity, do you

agree with the idea of
transferring or relocating the jail
93% 7% 0% 0% 0%
to solve problems such as
overcrowding and lack of
facilities in the current jail?
2. Are you in favor of relocating
the jail to a wider or larger area
where PDLs can plant or farm
97% 3% 0% 0% 0%
so that they can have fun, get
their own food, and supplement
what PDLs can earn?
3. Do you think it will help the

4
 personnel if the Pampanga 97% 3% 0% 0% 0%
Provincial Jail will be relocated?
Table 19 shows the percentage of responses of the personnel who
answered the questionnaire provided by the proponent. More detailed
explanations of table 2.10 are presented by the proponent in the provided graphs
below.

Table 20 Answers Obtained from Personnel Regarding

the Management of the Jail

rt•he1

S orgy A e r s yIr

Table 20 shows that the jail is well managed and secured because the
PDLs do not have problems following the rules that the personnel are
implementing, so this may be the reason why the personnel and detainees have
a good relationship.

Table 21 Answers Obtained from Personnel Regarding Food in Jail

d t I
1

■s yA Aq d qy

4
 Table 21 shows that the personnel eat differently from the detainees,
however, the jail staff still make sure that they properly lend the cooking equipment
to the inmates even though they can be used to hurt fellow detainees, and this
reflects how good the management really is because nothing bad happens in jail.

Table 22 Answers Obtained from Personnel Regarding Facilities in Jail

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q w kr

1
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A Aq Ur

4
 Table 22 shows that there are facilities that are lacking in the jail, such as
accommodation areas for personnel and sufficient space for their working areas.
On the other hand, based on the answers of the personnel, they are still
comfortable working especially because the cleanliness is still maintained there,
but whenever possible they prefer to improve the existing facilities in the jail.

Table 23 Answers Obtained from Personnel Regarding Healthcare

pe

A Aq

Table 23 shows that even though the health of the personnel is protected,
and first aid kits are provided, there is still a problem for the jail if it does not have
a clinic to assist the detainees and personnel, especially in case of emergencies.

4
 Table 24 Answers Obtained from Personnel Regarding Recreation in Jail

S orgl A AeJ dec1d gre tr

Table 24 shows that there are no recreational activities that the personnel
can do when they are not on duty, but they still prioritize the programs reserved
for detainees so that they can have fun. The graph also shows that the products
made by the inmates from handicrafts can still be sold and generate income.
However, it would be a great help if there were a recreational area in the jail
because apart from the people who can exercise there, the inmates and prison
personnel can also bond in such areas.

Table 25 Answers Obtained from Personnel Regarding Rehabilitation in Jail

• ngy A A r [ s St y [)

4
 Table 25 shows that there are rehabilitation programs provided for
detainees and for personnel, those are enough. They are also 100% sure that a
chapel, therapeutic garden, and programs for rehabilitating inmates are of great
help for them to become better versions of themselves.

Table 26 Answers Obtained from Personnel Regarding the Visitation in Jail

yA r A J dec1d

Table 26 shows that personnel prioritize the security and safety of visitors
and detainees during visitation at the jail even though the time allocated for them
is not enough. 93% of the personnel agreed that there is enough space for those
visiting the jail while 7% disagreed.

Table 27 Answers Obtained from Personnel Regarding the Relocation of Jail

A Id gr

4
 Table 27 shows that all the personnel who answered the questionnaire
agreed with the relocation of the jail. As they are the ones who maintain order in
the jail, they also know what is good for the facility and the detainees, so they are
more focused on the advantages that can be achieved if the Pampanga
Provincial Jail is relocated.

If the survey between detainees and personnel will be compared, it is

noticeable that there is dissimilarity because each of them has different
experiences inside the jail. However, the important thing is that the majority of both
are willing and open-minded about the relocation of the jail because they,
themselves want to have a more spacious and orderly place where the problems
and shortcomings of the current jail facility will be solved for the better.

• Survey for Visitors

The proponent also conducted a survey among the visitors of the jail
because they are the final target users of the study. Visitors may be family
members or friends of the detainees or guests who have an important appointment
in the jail.

30 random visitors answered the questionnaire prepared by the

proponent, and it appears that 83% of them use their own car or motorcycle while
the rest only commute when visiting the jail.

Table 28 Survey Form Results for Visitors of Pampanga Provincial Jail

Questions Percentage of Respondents

Visitation 5 I 4 I 3 I 2 1
1. Is the parking area of the
Pampanga Provincial 37% 10% 0% 53% 0%
Jail
enough for visitors?
2. Is there a proper waiting area
23% 37% 0% 37% 3%
for visitors?
3. Is security strict before visiting
100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
the jail?

4
 4. Is the time allotted for the
0% 0% 0% 17% 83%
visitation in jail enough?
5. Do the personnel deal well
100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
with the visitors?
6. Are you allowed to bring a
0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
minor with you on your visit?
7. Is there a proper dress code
that needs to be 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
followed during your
visit?
8. Are there any things that
you are forbidden to bring 100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
inside the jail?
130% 143% I 0% 127% I 0%
9. Do you often visit the prison?
10. Are you allowed to leave food
and money for the PDL you
100% 0% 0% 0% 0%
visited inside the Pampanga
Provincial Jail?
I Proposed Relocation of the Jail
1. If given the opportunity, do
you agree with the idea of
transferring or relocating the
7% 23% 50% 10% 10%
jail to solve problems such as
overcrowding and lack of
facilities in the current jail?
2. Are you in favor of relocating
the jail to a wider or larger
area where PDLs can plant or
farm so that they can have 13% 33% 37% 10% 7%
fun, get their own food, and
supplement what PDLs can
earn?
3. Do you think the relocation of
the Pampanga Provincial Jail
7% 27% 47% 10% 10%
will bring any positive impact
to the visitors?

4
 Table 28 shows the gathered information of the proponent from the
prepared questionnaire, and it will be discussed more with the method of graphs.

Table 29 Answers Obtained from Visitors Regarding the Visitation in Jail

'? Is

Is s VI 9t
J I,.,

I we w r h

tt
r

terr?

■ A s

Table 29 shows the different answers that came from the visitors to the jail.
In the first part of it, it is presented that the percentage who voted that the jail
does not have enough parking area is more, while the differences regarding the
allotted

5
waiting area are not far apart. Like the previous answers of the detainees and
personnel, the time allotted during visitation hours is not enough, and they are not
allowed to bring minors with them. However, it can be proven that the personnel
deals well with the guests even though the security of the jail is strictly based on
the data gathered especially because there are rules and regulations followed by
the visitors from their clothing up to their belongings that they can bring inside the
jail.

Most of the visitors visit at least twice a month because they follow the
schedule given by the management that can only visit once a week. The time
allowed to visit detainees is only 15 to 30 minutes. They can also only bring
limited things and food inside the jail to prevent the entry of contraband. Out of
the 30 respondents, 13 of them had experienced conjugal visits in jail and
indicated that they did not have enough privacy in jail because they only stayed in
cells for a short time with their spouse.

Table 30 Answers Obtained from Visitors Regarding the Relocation of Jail

A Aq e

5
 Table 30 shows the visitors' insights about the proposal of relocating the
jail, and it can be observed that most of them are undecided. However, for
comparison of the percentage of those who agreed with those who disagreed,
there are still more people who are open to this idea, especially because it is their
loved one inside the jail who will benefit most from it.

Results for Interviews

For the proponent to better understand, deepen, and explore the opinions,
behavior, phenomenon, and experiences of the target users, the researcher
conducted an interview with people who have connections and sufficient
knowledge about the jail system. The interviewees are personnel, detainees at the
Pampanga Provincial Jail, a person who have been imprisoned in a prison with a
penal farm, architects who have experienced conceptualizing jails for the purpose
of research and actual projects, and important people in the Local Government
Unit which covers the area where the jail is planned to be relocated.

The following statements consist of summaries of each interview and the

proponent's interpretation of the information that came from the interviewees
themselves.

Interview No. 1
Interviewee: Alain P. De Leon
Position in Jail: Provincial
Warden Years of Service in Jail: 6
Years Date of Interview: June 1,
2022

It is very important for the proponent to interview the Provincial Warden of

the jail because he serves as the leader of the institution, and the warden did not
hesitate to answer the questions prepared by the researcher.

The ideal capacity of the jail that was implemented by their Local
Government Unit is only 1000 detainees consisting of 800 male and 200 female

5
inmates. In case of fire, they have provided fire extinguishers in each cell, PDLs
also store water so they are ready for any disaster. Their source of water in the
facility comes from NAWASA for the detainees to drink and there is also a deep
well for everyday use. The PWDs and senior citizens are not separated from
normal inmates to have their support daily, while the sick PDLs are isolated,
however, there is no existing clinic in the jail so the other areas that are reserved
for other purposes are being used for isolation.

According to the warden, there is a problem with the jail's drainage

system which could be the cause of flooding in the area. They also lack facilities
such as an infirmary, watch tower, common kitchen, and even personnel. There
is still overcrowding in the jail, but it is not as bad as when the inmates flocked
due to the implemented War on Drugs, however, it is said that the pandemic was
not considered in the planning of the facility which is why it also had a big impact
on the provincial jail.

The Pampanga Provincial Jail is made up of detainees and personnel who

serve as one community even though they are not in the outside world. PDLs are
concerned about each other, and they always work together to not let each other
get bogged down by the problems they face. The jail has livelihood programs so
that the detainees can have extra income, and there is also an Alternative Learning
System (ALS) that can help the inmates learn while they are detained, but due to
the pandemic, it is no longer being carried out, especially since their space is small,
the health protocol they need to comply with may not be followed and it can be
the source of other additional problems.

The warden also advised the proponent that if a new jail facility is being
proposed in an area, the residents around the site can be talked to about the
project and then ensure that the security and safety inside and outside the jail will
be prioritized by the management so that they would have no reason to be afraid,
especially because the presentations of jails in television shows are too
exaggerated from then until now.

5
 Interview No. 2
Interviewee: PG1 Rodylyn May Tenorias
Position in Jail: Prison Guard I - Search and Inspection
Years of Service in Jail: Almost 6 years
Date of Interview: October 18, 2022

The proponent also interviewed the person in charge of the search and
inspection of the jail, however, since there is only 10 female personnel, it seems
that PG1 Tenorias' duty is becoming all around. The personnel give a lot of
information to the proponent and this includes the steps that the inmates have to
take on the first day of their entry, and also the process of when a POL will be
released.

The personnel stated in the interview that the PDLs detained at the
Pampanga Provincial Jail come from different provinces and cities, not just from
Pampanga itself. As a matter of fact, the maximum year that an inmate should stay
in this jail should only be 6 years but due to the slow process of the hearings and
justice system, the detainees stay longer here. The jail accommodates inmates of
any age even if they are more than 80 years old, while there are some minors
who are also brought here temporarily and placed in separate cells because they
cannot be included with adult inmates.

According to the personnel, the barracks or rooms that should be

reserved for stay-in jail staff are badly needed. The lack of a clinic and infirmary is
also a big problem because inmates cannot just go out of jail whenever they are
sick, however, there are some jail staffs who still have knowledge about first aid
and medical kinds of stuff but they cannot just decide if what treatment needs to
be done for sick detainees because it is not covered by their job order and they
can be punished by it, so it is a big help if there will be a jail nurse and doctor who
can assist people in the jail.

As for visitation, each cell has a set schedule for when they can receive
visitors to prevent overcrowding in the jail and to maintain order. Currently, minors

5
cannot be brought along, but before the pandemic, they have a specific day for
visitation that was allowed by their management.

Interview No. 3
Interviewee: PG1 Jayvee Evangelista
Position in Jail: Prison Guard I - Admin Office
Months of Service in Jail: 8 months
Date of Interview: October 19, 2022

The proponent interviewed a jail staff who is working in the admin office to
get an idea about the management of the jail, and what is being done within their
working area.

Even though PG1 Evangelista was not literally exposed inside the
dormitories because he was the one in charge of reviewing the documents of the
detainees, he was still able to observe the jail and behavior of detainees. Based
on his observations, the personnel and detainees are like friends because each
one is approachable and the PDLs really follow the rules and regulations. The
rehabilitation programs provided by the management are also a big help because
the inmates are really changing for the better without being forced, which is a good
start in case they get released from jail and reunite with their families.

According to the personnel, their work area is in order, and they can move
comfortably even though it is quite small and lacks space or rooms. If the number
of personnel increases, which is necessary, their working area will certainly be
less, especially since the lot on which the current jail is built is compact. The
trustees also help a lot in their office because they make the work of the
personnel easier while maintaining good and organized relations.

5
 Interview No. 4
Interviewee: PG1 Bryan De Luna
Position in Jail: Prison Guard I - Night Guard
Years of Service in Jail: 4 Years
Date of Interview: October 19, 2022

The proponent also interviewed one of the people who guard the jail
every night, to have more knowledge about what should be considered to always
ensure security in the jail.

According to PG1 De Luna, the job of a night guard is one of the most
difficult to perform in any jail and prison because the alertness of the personnel
must always be tripled. The personnel is one of those who make rounds around
the jail and check every padlock of each cell to make sure that no one escapes,
especially at night. The shift of the first 3 personnel to guard the jail starts from 12
AM to 2 AM, followed by 3 personnel from 2 AM to 4 AM, and the last shift from 4
AM to 8 AM which consists of 6 or 7 personnel. There are also 2 personnel in
charge of monitoring the CCTVs from 8 pm to 8 am.

Based on the observation of the personnel about the facilities of the jail that
need to be improved, right at the entrance, you can immediately see the inside of
the jail which in fact should not because of privacy and confidentiality. There is an
area on the roof of the male dormitory where the detainees can hide by simply
bending down, so a watch tower and catwalk are really needed. The back door of
the jail can also be easily exited by the inmates because it is only a simple gate.
There are also parts of the jail with no CCTV, and lastly, there is no clinic, so the
situation is very difficult when there is an emergency at night.

As for the idea of relocating the jail, personnel thinks that it is better to move
the jail to an upper area so that people around the jail will be limited. In this way,
jailbreaks can be avoided because the personnel can focus more attention on the
detainees. The facilities that the proponent wants to add such as the therapeutic
garden and farm are said to be of great help for the reformation of the inmates.

5
 Interview No. 5
Interviewee: SJO4 Norian M. Del Rosario
Position in Jail: Senior Jail Officer IV (Bataan District Jail)
Years of Service in Jail: 8 Years
Date of Interview: October 7, 2022

To compare the management between the Bureau of Jail Management and

Penology (BJMP) and a Provincial Jail, the proponent also conducted an
interview with some personnel of the Bataan District Jail, and first among them
was the assistant warden, SJO4 Norian M. Del Rosario.

The new Bataan District Jail was built on a 3-hectare area inside the
1Bataan Command Center compound in Barangay Dona, Orani in the year 2018.
It consists of two buildings with 5 floors and can accommodate 2,500 PDLs per
building. The current jail population is only 545, which is why overcrowding does
not exist there unlike in the old facility in Balanga, Bataan.

Under BJMP management, there are separate cells for PWD inmates,
and LGBTQIA+, and dedicated isolation areas for sick detainees. There is a water
tank for the source of water, and if the detainees wanted to, they could purchase
purified drinking water that is being delivered to the jail. There is also no
association or gang in the Bataan District Jail compared to other detention centers
where Sputnik is always present.

The Bataan District Jail is complete with Livelihood Programs, there is an

Alternative Learning System, where it promotes and teaches basket weaving,
making wallets from recycled materials, painting, shirt printing, baking, and tile
setting. The BJMP focuses more on a holistic approach to improve the behavior of
detainees and produce empowered citizens.

There are more advantages since the jail was relocated to the upper area.
First, it is cooler in the new location compared to the city of Balanga, the facility is
also safe from floods, the cleanliness is well-maintained, each space has been

5
improved, there are existing watch towers and catwalks, and every corner of the
jail is complete with CCTVs. Its only downside is that it became far from the visitors,
however, it is still considered by the management which is why they allocated a
more orderly and decent visitation area in the jail.

Interview No. 6
Interviewee: SJINSP Grace B. Yambao
Position in Jail: Senior Jail Inspector (Bataan District Jail)
Years of Service in Jail: 27 Years
Date of Interview: October 24, 2022

The proponent interviewed other personnel at the Bataan District Jail,

which is the warden of the female dormitory. This is where it can be noticed that
the management of the BJMP and the Provincial Jail are immediately different
because they have a separate warden to manage the female PDLs.

For a long time in the service of the warden, the personnel said that the
Bataan District Jail is the best and most beautiful jail that she has ever worked.
From its security at the entrance, inside the facility itself, and in the entire
surroundings, the warden called it a "perfect facility" where proper safekeeping and
development of detainees can comply more easily. The only downside is that there
is no separate passage for female PDLs visitors, and rainwater enters the hallway.

As a female warden, she acts like a mother to the inmates she handles.
Since women are known for being emotional, the warden does not neglect the
availability of emotional support to the inmates, so they do not hesitate to come to
the good office whenever they feel the weight of their problems in life, in this way,
it builds a stronger relationship between the personnel and detainees, and it also
helps their reformation.

5
 Table 31 Personal Profile of the Interviewed Detainees
at the Pampanga Provincial Jail
Interview No. 7 8 9 10 11
Interviewee Pido Ralph Jerome I Armando Crisanto
Double 5/11 5/11 5/11
Detainee Case Murder
Murder Drugs Drugs Drugs

Months/Years of More 4 years 5 years

Being Detained in than 10 and 3 and 3 4 Months 6 Years
Jail years months months

October October October October October

Date of Interview
19,2022 19,2022 19, 2022 19, 2022 18, 2022

Table 31 shows the organized personal profile of the detainees interviewed

by the proponent to keep their confidentiality and privacy. As the detainees will
benefit the most from the relocation of the Pampanga Provincial Jail, the proponent
decided to interview some PDLs who can share their experiences and thoughts
in jail.

According to the detainees, they all had a hard time adjusting at first
because life inside and outside the jail is different. There are inmates who are
just victims of the lack of justice system, and there are also those who admitted
that they made a mistake and violated the law.

They are comfortable in the jail, but it is inevitable that there will still be
problems within the jail, especially the cells where they rest because instead of
the ideal capacity of each cell which is only 10, they are often over 80 inmates
which is why overcrowding and lack of privacy are what they are dealing with
every day. It is like that even though they maintain cleanliness in each of their
cells, it is still unavoidable to have a foul odor because there are too many of
them.

On the brighter side, the detainees said that the relationship between the
inmates and personnel, as well as the security of the jail, is good, and they are
not neglected there. However, they still wish to have a better chapel or praying
area because they have nothing else to hold on to but only the bible that

5
strengthens

6
their courage every day. Apart from the religious area, the detainees also suggest
having a clinic where a doctor will assist them physically and mentally because
even, they, themselves once thought of ending their lives while being in jail.

If given the opportunity to relocate the jail, the detainees are willing and
even more favorable for them because they know it is for their own good. They
also want to experience a new environment and a more spacious area where
they will have more peace of mind, a better resting place, complete facilities, and
many other recreational activities that can make their lives happy while being
detained. The interviewed detainees also think that in this way, they might help
their fellow PDLs who are experiencing depression, especially since some
inmates have committed suicide in jail, which is sad for them because they feel
like they are losing a family.

Each inmate interviewed by the proponent has their own life story,
reasons why they were detained, families left outside of jail, and personal
problems that the researcher has heard. And because of these, the proponent was
more encouraged to provide them with a better and decent facility where they can
rehabilitate with the help of nature and prepare themselves to return to society.

Interview No. 12
Interviewee: Wilfredo Lastra
Places of Imprisonment: Manila City Jail, Bilibid Prison,
and Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm
Years of Imprisonment: Almost 3 Years
Date of Interview: November 6, 2022

Apart from the detainees interviewed by the proponent in the Pampanga

Provincial Jail, the researcher decided to interview a person who has
experienced being imprisoned in jail, and prisons with and without a penal farm,
so that the proponent can know his past experiences and consider all the
wrongdoings to avoid mistakes in the management of the jail, also for planning
and designing the said institution.

6
 Mr. Lastra was imprisoned in 1992 for a robbery case. He was first
detained at Manila City Jail for 5 months, then at Bilibid Prison for another 5
months, and the last time he was transferred was at Sablayan Prison and Penal
Farm in Mindoro.

According to Mr. Lastra, his imprisonment served as a punishment. The

management does not give them proper enough food, they only sleep on the floor,
their cells are dirty and uncomfortable, and there is other personnel who hurt
people. However, there have been programs before, especially for the education
of detainees and prisoners, but they are still not enough because their mental
health is severely suffering.

On the penal farm, they used to have income from farming, the higher the
rank of a prisoner, the more money they get, it starts from 4 Pesos while 1 Peso
is given to ordinary prisoners. Besides growing vegetables and rice crops, there
are also animals that are raised on the penal farm. The guards used to only
associate with a prisoner if he had an advantage but if not, they would work for 6
to 8 hours under the scorching sun, climbing the mountain and bringing down
logs until the end of the day.

The jail and prison system from then and now is very different because
nowadays, reformation is being implemented more in detention centers and
prisons, while in the past, those who broke the law were literally punished. This
type of imprisonment has more negative effects on the physical and mental
health of detainees and prisoners, so the interviewee said that even though he
learned many things from his imprisonment, he would still prefer to return to
society in a proper and decent way rather than going through it with force and
suffering.

Interview No. 13
Interviewee: Ar. Maria Shane C. Antonio, UAP
Years of Experience in Architecture: 4 Years
Date of Interview: October 6, 2022

6
 Ar. Shane was chosen to be interviewed by the proponent because she is
one of the architects who are interested in the country's justice system, which is
why her thesis study was about correctional facilities or prisons for women.

According to Ar. Shane, in studying and planning a jail facility, it is

necessary to provide for the needs of the users while maintaining peace and
proper rehabilitation of the detainees. Proper zoning should be prioritized too,
where male and female inmates should be separated to avoid any anomaly that
may cause problems in the institution. As for the design of the jail, it should be
realistic because the study can be used by the government, the more feasible,
the better. It should always be remembered that the major priority is the security
of the jail. From big and small details, everything is important and needs to be
studied thoroughly.

As the saying goes, "everybody deserves a second chance," Ar. Shane

advised the researcher that this study should prove that no one should be deprived
of their dignity and that having a decent facility while paying for their mistakes is a
must for everyone.

Interview No. 14
Interviewee: Ar. Miguel Jaraba, UAP
Years of Experience in Architecture: 3 Years
Date of Interview: October 8, 2022

Ar. Miguel was interviewed by the proponent because he has knowledge

about jail facilities and systems since his thesis study is about the relocation of
Quezon City Jail, influencing rehabilitation and reintegration. During the interview,
Ar. Miguel discussed what are the things to be considered in planning and
designing a detention center to solve problems, especially overcrowding.
The most important thing of all is the security of the jail. The area of the
site should be studied carefully, including what type of camera will be used in the
morning and at night, lighting features to be used, and motion detectors in the

6
fences, because even though there are personnel in the institution, it does not
necessarily mean that the security of the facility will depend on them alone, new
technology is a must too. Ar. Miguel also gave an idea of materials that can be
used and should be avoided, such as steel doors, mirrors, and others. Security
and privacy should be considered even in the toilets in the cells by making sure
that the equipment inside the room is all built-in so that the detainees cannot use
them as a weapon to hurt others.

Interview No. 15
Interviewee: Ar. Jose Emmanuel C. Pilar, UAP
Years of Experience in Architecture: 25 Years
Date of Interview: October 10, 2022

Ar. Pilar was interviewed by the proponent because he had once done a
research study about a penitentiary or prison for men. There is a lot of information
that the architect provided to the proponent that is certainly useful for this study.

The architect advised that the proponent should observe the Pampanga
Provincial Jail for three days to fully understand the flow of users and the behavior
of people inside and outside of it, from detainees, personnel, and even visitors. All
users must be given importance and the proponent will assume that she is in the
position of these people.

For the facilities, the architect suggested that it would be a big help to put
a mosque and not just an ecumenical chapel to give importance to fellow Muslims.
Another thing is that because of the limited funds that come from the government
that must be considered, it is also impossible to make an extravagant design
especially because the priority here is security and safety. It is also better if there
are not many corners in the buildings because the detainees can hide in the
shadows. It is also much better if the jail building is simple and only white in color
so that the detainees around it are more visible while wearing their orange clothes.

6
 Interview No. 16
Interviewee: Ar. Rocel S. Guila, UAP
Years of Experience in Architecture: 10 Years
Date of Interview: October 11, 2022

Ar. Rocel is also one of the architects who conducted a study about jail,
which is why the proponent chose to interview him. The architect gave tips and
suggestions to further expand the researcher's knowledge of the proper planning
of a jail facility.

According to the architect, the first thing that should be considered in this
type of project is choosing the right site. It is a good idea to relocate the jail away
from the urban area so that the rehabilitation of the detainees will be more
peaceful, but the distance of the nearest police stations or any external support
should still be taken into consideration just to make sure that there is back up
outside the jail aside from the personnel in it.

For the planning and designing of the jail facility, it is better if the
proponent will use the cluster type rather than the usual contiguous jail design.
Even the placement of windows should be considered, not only for ventilation but
also for the residents around the jail. It is also better if the security to be applied is
futuristic so that there is a real development and not just sticking to the old ways
of monitoring a jail. There should be a hearing court building and office, or rooms
allocated for public attorneys and other professionals that will stay at the facility.
When it comes to zoning, public, semi-public, semi-private, and private must be
considered to maintain order in the institution. And lastly, for the parking area, there
should be separate areas for personnel and visitors.

6
 Interview No. 17
Interviewee: Ar. Manuel S. Lim, UAP
Years of Experience in Architecture: 30 Years
Date of Interview: October 14, 2022

The proponent interviewed Ar. Manuel because he has been practicing

architecture for a long time and most of his projects are government because he
works at the Provincial Engineering Office here in Bataan. Ar. Manuel is one of the
architects who conceptualized and planned the former Bataan Provincial Jail
located in the City of Balanga, and one of the bases they used was the old facility
of the Pampanga Provincial Jail.

In the opinion of Ar. Manuel about this relocation, it is a good idea

because the facility will not be flooded, the detainees can plant and have
additional recreational activity, and it is better if this type of institution is far away
from the urban area. According to the architect, this type of study has advantages
such as improving the behavior of the inmates because the correct treatment and
comfort that should be given to them is constantly being studied, in this way,
there is a greater chance that the inmates will change for the better because of
their good environment.

As for the facilities, Ar. Manuel suggested not locating the clinic away from
the jail building so that emergencies could be dealt with immediately. The conjugal
visitation area should also be given enough privacy because based on his
observation in jails before, only plywood and curtains were provided. He added
that female inmates cannot have a conjugal visit because it could be a reason for
pregnancy and therefore, they will be forced to take the inmate out of jail for follow up
checkups until she gives birth.

6
 Interview No. 18
Interviewee: Ar. Justine Vivas, UAP
Years of Experience in Architecture: 10 Years
Date of Interview: October 25, 2022

The last architect interviewed by the proponent was Ar. Justine has also
handled many government projects because he also works in the Provincial
Engineering Office and is one of the conceptualizers of the new Bataan District
Jail.

According to Ar. Justine, the first step they took when they started to
conceptualize the Bataan District Jail was to find out the situation of the old jail,
and that is when they verified that the old facility was really congested. Next, they
did benchmarks and visited jails where they could base or get ideas so that the
development to be carried out would be better. Also, for this study, the architect
advised that it is also good to try it to be able to explore more and not just rely on
the internet. It is also more feasible if the proponent can find a site where all the
security agencies are together in one area like the 1Bataan Command Center
Compound which is also where the current Bataan District Jail is located.

For planning a jail facility, the ramp should not be forgotten, and PWD
detainees and senior citizens are better off on the ground floor for easy access
especially, to the clinic. The passage of inmates and visitors must also be
separate. And lastly, as for security, modern technologies should be used.

Interview No. 19
Interviewee: Hon. Romulo F. Pecson
Position in the Municipal Government: Mayor of Magalang
Years of Service: 3 Years
Date of Interview: May 31, 2022

6
 It is important that the proponent interviewed the Mayor of Magalang,
Pampanga because this is also the area chosen by the researcher for the
relocation of the provincial jail. In the proponent's interview with the mayor, the
idea of relocation and why their place was chosen was discussed by the
proponent. The researcher also asked about the mayor's opinion regarding this
proposal, and if there are any advantages or benefits.

According to the mayor, he does not see any problem with this proposal
because he has read and watched the news about the relocation of their
Provincial Jail. He also knows that it will not be implemented without going
through in-depth studies, which is why he is willing to support it.

The mayor added that there are many vacant lots in the upper area of their
municipality so this can be a part of the large-scale farming for inmates. And one
more thing, there is not enough space in their town so it is better if it's on the
upper side for the privacy of the jail, the government-owned lot can also be used
there if necessary.

For the Mayor, their municipality will be recognized if the jail is relocated
there because it will be one of the unique places in the Philippines that will have a
well-developed jail like those in other countries.

Interview No. 20
Interviewee: Hon. Bienvenida G. Bautista
Position in Barangay: Barangay Chairwoman of Ayala
Years of Service: 5 Years
Date of Interview: October 21, 2022

The proponent's interview with the Barangay Chairwoman of Ayala,

Magalang is very important because she can be a great help to explain to the
residents around the selected site that they have nothing to worry about even if a
jail facility will be relocated there.

6
 In the interview, the researcher properly explained the proposal which was
also agreed to by the Barangay Chairwoman. According to the, there is no
reason to decline this project because it has the goal that can help the people
inside the jail. Fortunately, the interviewee's mind was open about the topic, so it
was not difficult for the researcher to persuade their barangay to coordinate the
project, another reason is that their Vice Governor herself is the one who wants
to implement the relocation.

Interview No. 21
Interviewee: Hon. Reizel R. Gonzales
Position in Barangay: Barangay Councilor in Ayala
Years of Service: 3 Years
Date of Interview: October 21, 2022

The proponent did not waste the opportunity to interview the barangay
councilor who accommodated her to visit and observe the chosen site.

According to Mr. Reizel, the site chosen by the proponent is perfect for
the relocation of the jail because apart from the lot being owned by the Municipal
Government itself, there are also many existing security agencies around it such
as the Regional Rehabilitation Center for Youth (RRCY), Regional Special Training
Unit 3 (RSTU3), Haven for Girls Pampanga, and Regional Training Center (RTC3),
which means the area is safe and secured because the aforementioned
government projects will not be placed there if it has not been carefully studied by
the professionals.

Since Mr. Reizel has been a resident of the area since birth, he knows that
there will be no problem with the electricity source in the area because up to the
top of the mountain, there is electricity that comes from Pampanga I Electric
Cooperative, Inc. (PELCO I). As for the source of water, there is one that comes
from the mountain, there is also one that can be drilled and delivered for daily
drinking. In case of fire, the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) is only 3-4 km away

6
from the site. There are also many fruits bearing trees there such as mango tree,
rambutan, sweet tamarind, duhat, atis, guava, guyabano, and banana.

Results of Observations
The proponent conducted three days of observations in the Pampanga
Provincial Jail, which is the focus of the study. However, to compare the
management between the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
and a Provincial Jail, the researcher also visited and observed the Bataan District
Jail in its separate female and male dormitories.

Observation in Pampanga Provincial Jail

• Jail Facilities

Figure 5 Inspection Area of the Jail

Figure 5 shows the inspection area of the jail where visitors

first pass through to check their clothes, food, and belongings is
so small that it is inevitable that the room can be easily filled with
people that extend all the way to the entrance of the jail.

Figure 6 Searching Area of the Jail Figure 7 Inside the

Searching Area

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 Figure 6 and 7 shows a very small area made of plywood
reserved for inspecting the bodies of female visitors. Even though
there are windows in the room, it is still hot, especially when filled
with people.

Figure 8 Entrance of Jail Figure 9 The Information Area

Figures 8 and 9 show where the Information Area is located.

It is included in the Search and Inspection Area building where there
is only a small space for personnel to assist other visitors' inquiries.

Figure 10 The Admin Section of the Jail

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 Figure 10 shows a small office, including the warden's
office, two storage rooms for guns and medical kinds of stuff, an
area for monitoring the CCTVs, and 10 office tables for personnel.

Figure 11 Record Section of the Jail

Figure 11 shows the record section which can clearly be

seen that it is crowded and does not have proper shelves or storage
for documents. There is also no separate pantry, so the sink is
literally exposed in the working area itself.

Figure 12 Isolation Area in Jail

Figure 12 shows the area for isolation, it was originally

planned to be barracks for personnel. It is just a cell covered with
tarps so that the detainees can be isolated inside it.

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 Figure 13 Male Dormitory I Cell Figure 14 Congestion
Inside the Cell

Figures 13 and 14 show a cell that is small and congested.

They themselves made a mezzanine just to solve the
crowdedness of their cells. Inside the cell, the other detainees are
hanging the clothes they have washed because they do not have
a proper laundry area.

Figure 15 Female Cell Figure 16Hallway in Female Dorm

Figures 15 and 16 shows an example of a cell for female

PDLs. The second floor of the old jail facility served as dormitories
for women. Each cell is crowded and full of detainees. The female
PDLs also have nowhere else to go because they cannot go
down, so they only hang out in their narrow hallway during the
daytime.

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The proponent also observed that there were cockroaches on their
shelves.

Figure 17 The Covered Court inside the Jail

Figure 17 shows the covered court that served as the

multi purpose hall of the jail, but it is mostly used for visitation.
Masses and other events in the jail are also held here. The
proponent also observed that it is very hot in this area, especially
at noon, so it is not comfortable to stay in this part of the jail, but
the detainees have no choice.

Figure 18 Basketball Court for Male PDLs

Figure 18 shows the basketball court that is reserved for the

recreational activities of the detainees; however, it is not used for
its true purpose because it is also covered as a visitation area. After

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visiting hours, some PDLs can play there, and then they will go back
to their cells to have dinner and sleep.

Figure 19 Room for Online Court Hearings

Figure 19 shows a room with a barrier that can only

accommodate one detainee at a time for their hearings.

Figure 20 Inmate Yard Figure 21 Sample of

Recreation for Male PDLs

Figures 20 and 21 show the area where male detainees

hang out during the daytime is also covered by a basketball court.
They only have a billiard table here, then the whole area has clothes
and blankets washed by the inmates because they do not have a
designated laundry and drying area.

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 Figure 22 Mini Sari-Sari Store inside the Jail

Figure 22 shows an ordinary store inside the jail where

detainees can buy what they need. The only ones allowed to sell
here are the trustees.

Figure 23 The Chapel Figure 24 Picture Posted on

For the Female the Wall of The Chapel
Dormitory

Figures 23 and 24 show a normal cell for the female inmates

to serve as a chapel, where there are bible verses and pictures of
Jesus Christs posted on the wall.

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 Figure 25 Entrance of Figure 26 Inside the Mosque
the Mosque in Jail

-- -

Figures 25 and 26 shows that the mosque is literally just

on the narrow edge of the covered court and is just covered with a
curtain around it. The proponent observed that Muslims also cannot
pray properly here because the surroundings are very noisy,
especially during the daytime.

Figure 27 Common Kitchen Figure 28 Stoves in the

in the Female Dormitory Hallway of the Male
Dormitory

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 Figures 27 and 28 show that there is only a common kitchen
in the female dormitory, and this area is not that good based on the

7
proponent's observation. Whereas in the male dormitory, their
stoves are only in the hallway.

Figure 29 The Back Door of the Jail

Figure 29 shows a gate that is guarded by 2 personnel and

locked by a padlock that the detainees can escape from if they want
to, but because they are well-manned, they do not do that even if
they have a chance.

Figure 30 The Mini-Farm of the Jail

Figure 30 shows a small farm or garden outside the jail

wall that is no longer covered by the lot for the jail but was
temporarily used by them so that the detainees could grow some
vegetables.

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• Behavior and Routines of Detainees
1. All detainees are very respectful to their guests and personnel,
whether male or female inmates.
2. The proponent never felt fear while observing in the jail because
the detainees were very kind and attentive.
3. The proponent observed that most detainees have no
recreational activities to do.
4. Not all detainees are comfortable in their sleeping areas.
5. They have a rule in the jail that detainees cannot touch the
visitors and personnel, even if it is accidentally.
6. If they urgently need to call their family, they are allowed to
use the phone in the admin office for 3 minutes, but it must be
on loudspeaker.
7. The detainees do not hesitate to approach and plead properly
if they have something to say to the personnel.

• Behavior and Routines of Personnel

1. All personnel are well accommodating to detainees as well as
visitors.
2. They know how to listen and be considerate of the requests and
favors of the PDLs.
3. Offices and working areas are always happy even if they are
inside a jail.
4. The proponent observed that they are really like a family in jail
where everyone is treated equally but still with respect.
5. If the other personnel are not that busy, they are willing to run
errands for the detainees, such as buying medicine or
necessary items, especially since the PDLs cannot go out.
6. They allow some pets of the inmates to visit or stay in the jail,
which is also a big help for their mental health because it
brings happiness to them.

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• Jail Visitation

Figure 31 Schedule of Figure 32 List of Things that

Visitations in Jail are Allowed inside the Jail

Figure 31 shows the schedule of visitation by purok or cell

number. In this way, the reception of the jail visitor is more
organized.

Figure 32 shows the lists of food and necessities that are

allowed for visitors to bring inside the jail. It also has the amount of
how much they can carry inside.

1. The only people who can visit the jail are parents, spouses, or
live-in partners, children, and siblings.
2. Visitors must be able to present a valid ID and vaccination
card that they will leave at the searching and inspection area.
3. The proponent observed that the admission of visitors to the
jail is very strict because the personnel and trustees patiently
separate each food and equipment they bring.
4. Even in clothing, there is a trend that must be followed and
things that must be worn such as a belt because it can be
used as a harness or hanging inside the prison, orange shirt
because a visitor is avoided to be mistaken for a detainee,
shorts, sleeveless, skirts, ripped jeans, sexy dresses, jackets
or
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 sweatshirts, and caps. The entry of cellphones and smart
watches, lighters, cigarettes, vape, and drugs is also strictly
prohibited. Ballpoint pens and sharp objects are also
prohibited. Ultimo cosmetic products, bags, and thick slippers
are also strictly prohibited.
5. The proponent also noticed that it is forbidden to bring in all
kinds of candy, chocolate, and even food, and when the
researcher asked the personnel about it, it turned out that the
reason why it is forbidden is that its ingredients may be mixed
with illegal drugs.
6. The proponent also observed that when there is a visitor who
does not follow the dress code, there is a place to rent clothes
outside the jail so that their time and effort would not be
wasted for nothing.

Observation in Bataan District Jail

• Jail Facilities
Figure 33 Entrance to Jail Figure 34 Passage to
other Facilities

Figure 33 shows the view from the entrance of the jail. The
building ahead is the isolation area for the newly committed
detainees.

Figure 34 shows the passage or way to other facilities,

especially to the jail building. The proponent also observed that
this

8
road goes down and surrounds the entire facility and is accessible
by vehicles.

Figure 35 The exterior of the Figure 36 Allotted Parking

Jail Building Area for Personnel and

Guests

Figure 35 shows the appearance of the outside of the jail

building where the dormitories of male and female PDLs and other
offices are now located.

Figure 36 shows the parking area for personnel and

important people who visit there especially when there are events.
The proponent observed that this parking area inside is enough and
proper but outside the facility, there is no proper parking area for
visitors.

Figure 37 The Figure 38 The Jail Wall

Hallway of the Jail and Catwalk
Building

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8
 Figure 37 shows the hallway of the ground floor where the
personnel parks their motorcycles, so it is quite crowded.

Figure 38 shows the high jail wail that surrounds the entire
facility, and it has a catwalk. The kind of fencing and barbed wire
used here for security purposes is also presented.

1. All spaces for the accommodation of detainees and

personnel are in the same building.
2. Upon entering the jail building, the researcher
immediately feels how strict they are when it comes to
security.
3. It is also a bit dark at the entrance of the jail so it seems a
bit unwelcoming, and the vibe is scary.
4. The offices do not have windows but are all air-conditioned
and have their own toilets.
5. There is a separate cell for senior citizens and PWD
detainees, but they are located on the 4th floor of
the building.
6. Each barracks can accommodate 4 to 6 personnel.
7. The logistic room or weapons storage is well secured and
cannot be accessed by anyone.
8. There is a designated area for detainees to wash their
clothes.
9. There is a common kitchen adjacent to their stock room.
Everything they need to serve healthy food for everyone is
complete here.
10. There is a roof deck for sunning especially for
senior citizens, only it will be difficult for detainees to
climb because it is on the 5th floor.
11. The ramp inside the building is the way for people to go up
and down inside it because their fire exit is on the other
side.
12. The conference area of the jail is large and
well maintained.

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 13. The jail is complete with a watch tower.
14. The opponent observed that the waste disposal was just at
the entrance of the jail building.
15. The feeling inside the building is very hot, especially during
the daytime.
16. Rainwater enters the hallway which is one of
the management's problems.
17. There is another area in the jail that can cause
accidents because it has moss.

• Behavior and Routines of Detainees

1. Detainees cannot leave the cell unless they have
something to do or enter livelihood or
educational programs.
2. Detainees are respectful and call guests 'family' whenever
they greet them.
3. They do not have much freedom to roam outside the cell,
unlike in Pampanga Provincial Jail.
4. Detainees cannot communicate with guests.
5. The female inmates are more active in physical activities
because the female warden likes to do Zumba.

• Behavior and Routines of Personnel

1. The security at the jail is so strict that the personnel do not
just let anyone passes the entrance unless there is a
scheduled appointment.
2. All the personnel are accommodating.
3. It is strictly restricted for men to enter the female
dormitory even if they are personnel or detainees.
4. Other than rehabilitation programs, the female warden can
provide more emotional support.

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 • Jail Visitation
1. From Tuesday to Sunday, the jail can receive visitors, and
the visiting hours are from 1 PM to 4 PM.
2. There is a properly designated waiting area outside the jail.
3. There are also things that are forbidden to be brought inside
the jail, so the personnel carefully check what the visitors
bring.
4. It is very hot in the visitation area, and it faces the heat of
the sun during visiting hours.
5. Detainees and visitors cannot have contact, so they use E
dalaw tele-hearing.
6. There is a visitation area for female detainees but there is
no separate road to get there so they do not accept
visitors.
7. Conjugal visits are prohibited in jail.

Data Analysis and Evaluation Result

All the data and information gathered by the proponent are analyzed and
evaluated to pinpoint the important factors that can help to further improve the
study.

Apart from the need to improve all the existing facilities in the Pampanga
Provincial Jail, the proponent lists down all the spaces or areas that are not in the
current jail, and these are:
• Clinic at Infirmary
• Watch tower at Catwalk
• Recreational Area
• Laundry Area
• Isolation Area
• Conjugal Rooms
• Court Room
• Holding Cell
• Common Kitchen and Mess Hall
• Livelihood Area I Lecture Center
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 • Multipurpose Hall
• Perimeter/ Security Fence
• Perimeter Security Lighting
• Religious Area
• Workshop Facility

Based on the data gathering processes conducted by the researcher such

as conducting surveys, interviews, and observations, the proponent listed the
reasons why the Pampanga Provincial Jail really needs to be relocated:
• Many facilities are not in the current jail.
• The congestion rate in the jail is severe.
• A larger area is needed to increase the programs and recreational
activities of the users.
• There is no area for future expansion because the lot on which the
jail is being built is not spacious enough.
• Detainees need a new environment that will help their physical
and mental health to avoid illnesses that can cause suicide by
other PDLs.
• The detainees and personnel are willing to accept the relocation of
the jail because they know it is for the betterment of all of them.