Carbonhydrate a) nucleus

1. Heptoses are __________ b) ribosome

a) sugars c) plasma membrane
b) proteins d) golgi complex
c) amino acids 9. Which type of carbohydrates lead to the
d) monomers formation of glycolipids and
2. Fructose is a _____________ glycoproteins?
a) aldose sugar a) Oligosaccharides
b) ketose sugar b) Monosaccharides
c) monosaccharide c) Glycogen
d) polymer d) Glucose
3. The compounds which have same 10. Which of the following polysaccharide
chemical reactivity but structures which is not entirely composed of glucose
are mirror images of each other are known subunits?
as ____________ a) Lactose
a) isoforms b) Starch
b) allotropes c) Glycogen
c) enantiomers d) Cellulose
d) isomers
4. Which of the following conventions is Lipid
used to denote the presence of carbonyl 1. Lipids cannot dissolve in
group in left/right in the chemical structure _____________
of a carbohydrate? a) organic solvents
a) Positive/ negative b) chloroform
b) -1/ +1 c) benzene
c) L/ R d) water
d) L/ D 2. Which types of bonds are found in fats?
5. Enzymes in a cell can distinguish a) amide
between L and D forms of sugar. b) glycosidic
a) True c) ester
b) False d) acidic
6. Which types of bonds are found in 3. How many carboxyl groups are present
sugars? in fatty acids?
a) amide a) 1
b) acidic b) 2
c) glycosidic c) 3
d) non-covalent d) 4
7. Sucrose and lactose are _____________ 4. Fatty acids that lack double bonds are
a) monosaccharides call saturated.
b) disaccharides a) True
c) pentoses b) False
d) polyssaccharide 5. Which type of bonds present in
8. Enzyme lactase is found in vegetable fats account for their liquid
______________ state?
a) Single bonds 2. Amino acids used in the synthesis of
b) Double bonds proteins on a ribosome are
c) Amide bonds ________________
d) Glycosidic bonds a) D-amino acids
6. Margarine is formed using unsaturated b) Mutated amino acids
vegetable fats by _________________ c) L-amino acids
a) oxidation d) Fluorescing amino acids
b) catalysis 3. What protein makes up spider silk?
c) hydrogenation a) Keratin
d) leaching b) Fibrin
7. Fats contain more chemical energy than c) Collagen
carbohydrates. d) Elastin
a) True 4. Microorganisms use D-amino acids.
b) False a) True
8. In most animals, fats are stored in b) False
special cells called _____________ 5. Which bonds are present in two
a) telomeres neighboring amino acids?
b) granulocytes a) Glycosidic bonds
c) lymphoid cells b) Polypeptide bonds
d) adipocytes c) Amide bonds
9. Which of the following steroids is a d) Hydrogen bonds
precursor of hormones such as 6. The longest known polypeptide is of the
testosterone, progesterone and estrogen? muscle protein called __________
a) Collagen a) chitin
b) Glycogen b) myoglobin
c) Cholesterol c) titin
d) Glycerol d) papain
10. What is the major difference between a 7. Which of the following amino acids
fat (triacylglycerol) and a phospholipid does not belong to polar charged group?
(diacylglycerol)? a) Serine
a) Glycerol conformation b) Aspartic acid
b) Hydrogen bonding c) Lysine
c) Fatty acid chain d) Arginine
d) Solubility 8. Histidine is a polar uncharged amino
acid.
Protein a) True
1. In an amino acid, the carboxyl group b) False
and amino group are separated from each 9. Which residues are present in histone
other by a single ____________ atom. proteins?
a) nitrogen a) Lysine & proline
b) sulphur b) Glutamic acid & aspartic acid
c) hydrogen c) Arginine & Histidine
d) carbon d) Serine & Cysteine
10. Which of the following groups of 1. Mercaptoethanol breaks which bonds
amino acids are least soluble in water? present in the protein?
a) Polar a) Hydrogen
b) Non-polar b) Disulphide
c) Polar charged c) Covalent
d) Polar uncharged d) Non-covalent
2. The tertiary structure of a protein
Nucleic acid corresponds to which energy state?
1. Which monomers compose the strands a) Lowest
of nucleic acids? b) Highest
a) Amino acids c) Intermediate
b) Ribose d) Ever-changing
c) Functional groups 3. The Creutzfeld-Jacob disease attacks the
d) Nucleotides ______________
2. What are the types of nucleic acids are a) heart
found in living organisms? b) lungs
a) deoxyribonucleic acid & nucleotide acid c) kidney
b) deoxyribonucleic acid & ribonucleic d) brain
acid 4. Which protein is involved in Creutzfeld-
c) ribonucleic acid & nucleotide acid Jacob disease (CJD)?
d) ribonucleic acid & nucleoside acid a) Myoglobin
3. How many types of nucleotides are b) Myosin
present in DNA? c) Keratin
a) 1 d) Prion
b) 2 5. The mutated and normal prion proteins
c) 3 associated with CJD have the same amino
d) 4 acid sequence.
4. Purines and pyrimidines are different a) True
molecules. b) False
a) True 6. Amyloid is a ____________
b) False a) disease
5. Ribozymes are _____________ b) tumor
a) cell organelle c) fibrillar deposits
b) enzymes d) cell mass
c) nucleotide 7. Which peptide for the treatment of
d) nucleoside Alzheimer’s disease was approved by the
6. ATP and GTP are __________ government for phase I clinical trial?
a) cells a) Ab
b) receptors b) Ab43
c) nucleotides c) Aβ42
d) nucleic acids d) Aβ43
8. Which of the following is an antibody
Protein misfolding against Aβ42 peptide?
a) Bapineuzumab
b) Cytoxan 4. TriC is a _____________
c) Doxil a) hsp70
d) Adriamycin b) chaperonin
9. Which of the following is an NSAID for c) organelle
Alzheimer’s disease, that lead to Phase III d) enzyme
clinical trials? 5. Heat-shock response was first observed
a) Bapineuzumab in which organism?
b) Alzhemed a) C. elegans
c) Flurizan b) Drosophila
d) Doxil c) Arabidopsis
10. In addition to amyloid-β peptide, d) Bacteria
which other protein is misfolded in the 6. Rubisco is a ________________
brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients? a) nucleic acid
a) Alpha b) protein
b) Zau c) carbohydrate
c) Theta d) fiber
d) Tau
11. Methylthionium chloride is a Self-assembling Macromolecules
__________________ 1. Tobacco Mosaic Virus consists of one
a) drug long molecule of ______________
b) neuronal cell a) DNA
c) cell marker b) Carbohydrates
d) placebo c) Glycerol
d) RNA
Chaperones 2. TMV particles are not capable of self-
1. What are molecular chaperones? assembly.
a) Enzymes a) True
b) Cell mass b) False
c) Tumor 3. Ribosomes consist of RNA and
d) Helper proteins _____________
2. Chaperones bind to which type of amino a) carbohydrates
acid residues in the protein? b) nucleic acids
a) Charged c) proteins
b) Uncharged d) nucleotides
c) Hydrophobic 4. The large (50S) ribosomal subunit of
d) Hydrophilic bacteria contains _______ molecules of
3. Which of the following molecules bind RNA.
to nascent polypeptides synthesized on the a) 1
ribosomes? b) 2
a) Chaperonins c) 3
b) Hsp70 d) 4
c) Hsp72 5. Which protein of the smaller subunit of
d) Hsp bacterial ribosome was found to have a
function in ribososme assembly?
a) S12 c) X-ray
b) S14 d) X-ray crystallography
c) S16 6. Which of the following is not true?
d) S18 a) Steroids are built around a four-ringed
6. Eukaryotic subunits are not capable of hydrocarbon skeleton
self-assembly. b) Cholesterol, testosterone, progesterone
a) True are examples of steroids
b) False c) Steroids are found in the cell
membranes of both plant and animal
Bonds Type d) Cannot be determined
1. The electron clouds around the nucleus 7. Which of the following bond is not
are of ___________ present in DNA?
a) Spherical shape a) Phosphate bond
b) Spherical and Dumbbell shape b) Hydrogen bond
c) Spherical and Hexagonal shape c) VanderWaal’s force
d) Cannot be determined d) Disulphide bond
2. Atoms or molecules having orbitals 8. Which of the following amino acids
containing a single unpaired electron is may or may not be protonated at neutral
known as ___________ pH?
a) Captions a) Glutamate
b) Anions b) Lysine
c) Free radicals c) Histidine
d) Carbocation d) Arginine
3. Which of the following is true based on 9. Heparin is an example of ___________
the strength of the bond? a) Tertiary protein
a) Ionic > Covalent > Vanderwaal > b) Oligosaccharides
Hydrogen c) Glycoproteins
b) Covalent > Ionic > Vanderwaal > d) Glycosaminoglycan
Hydrogen
c) Covalent > Ionic > Hydrogen > Types of Biological Molecules
Vanderwaal 1. Proteome is a ____________
d) Covalent > Ionic > Hydrogen = a) A precursor of protein
Vanderwaal b) Storehouse of proteins
4. Which of the following is a non-polar c) An inventory of the total amount of
molecule? proteins
a) Water d) None of the mentioned
b) Ammonia 2. Which of the following is not a protein
c) Ethylene denaturant?
d) Ethanol a) SDS
5. The detailed tertiary structure of a b) Phenol
protein is determined by the ___________ c) DTT
technique. d) Acetic acid
a) HPLC 3. Which of the following is untrue?
b) Spectrometry a) Protein folding occurs in Golgi bodies
b) Protein folding is assisted by a protein 10. An example of polar but uncharged
molecule called Chaperone amino acid is ___________
c) Transmembrane or organelle proteins a) Lysine
contain a signal peptide b) Aspartate
d) Proteins are present in cytoplasm and c) Serine
cell organelles of all cells d) Arginine
4. RNA does not have the nitrogen base of 11. Example of a polar amino acid is
_______ ____________
a) Uracil a) Glutamine
b) Cytosine b) Alanine
c) Thymine c) Methionine
d) Adenine d) Valine
5. Which of the following is functionally
the odd one out? Bioenergetics
a) siRNA 1. Reactions that lose heat are termed as
b) miRNA _____________
c) shRNA a) endothermic
d) snRNA b) exothermic
6. Which of the following RNA is c) chemical
artificially made? d) physical
a) snRNA 2. According to laws of thermodynamics,
b) scRNA the energy of the Universe is _________
c) miRNA whereas the entropy ______________
d) siRNA a) constant, increases
7. In RNA transcription, which of the b) constant, decreases
following is a part of TBP-associated c) increases, remains constant
factor (TAF)? d) decreases, remains constant
a) TFIID 3. Exergonic processes are
b) TFIIB thermodynamically unfavorable.
c) TFIIF a) True
d) TFIIH b) False
8. Those part of the DNA or gene that 4. Hydrolysis of ATP is which type of
contribute to the mRNA product is called reaction?
_________ a) Physical
a) Introns b) Mechanical
b) Intervening sequences c) Endergonic
c) Exons d) Exergonic
d) Split genes 5. Cellular metabolism is a non-
9. Which of the following disaccharides equilibrium metabolism.
have beta (1->4) bond? a) True
a) Maltose and Sucrose b) False
b) Maltose and Isomaltose 6. Which of the following are responsible
c) Lactose and Cellobiose virtually for every reaction that takes place
d) Sucrose and Cellobiose inside a cell?
a) Carbohydrates 14. Feedback inhibition is cell’s
b) ADP mechanism to _____________ the process
c) Nucleic acids of anabolism.
d) Enzymes a) activate
7. Protein catalysts are called __________ b) inhibit
and RNA catalysts are called c) increase
_____________ d) decrease
a) enzymes, ribozymes 15. What is the process of synthesis of
b) ribozymes, enzymes glucose by the liver is referred to as?
c) enzymes, ribosomes a) gluconeogenesis
d) ribosomes, enzymes b) neogenesis
8. The non-protein constituents of c) glycolysis
conjugated proteins are called d) saccharification
___________
a) enzymes Enzymes as Biological Catalysts
b) cofactors 1. Why are enzymes required?
c) amino acids a) Enzymes help to yield more product
d) nucleosides b) Enzymes increase the activation energy
9. Enzymes have no effect on which of the of the reaction
following, in a chemical reaction? c) Enzymes decrease the activation energy
a) activation energy of the reaction
b) speed d) Enzymes maintain the equilibrium in
c) thermodynamics the reaction
d) completion time 2. Competitive enzyme inhibitors are
10. What will happen if heat is applied to ________
an enzyme mediated reaction? a) Reversible inhibitors
a) Rate will increase b) Irreversible inhibitors
b) pH will increase c) Permanent inhibitors
c) pH will decrease d) None of the mentioned
d) Denaturation of enzyme 3. Which of the following is a non-
11. Chymotrypsin is a ___________ competitive inhibitor against protease
a) starch produced by HIV?
b) polymer a) Tipranavir
c) buffer b) Acetylcholinesterase
d) enzyme c) Ritonavir
d) Phenicols
12. Induced fit in an enzyme refers to
4. Allosteric enzymes are which _______
____________________
a) Have single subunit
a) error
b) Have multiple subunits
b) loop
c) Follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics
c) conformational change
d) Do not affect the binding affinity
d) torsional change
5. Feedback inhibition occurs due to
a) True
_______
b) False
a) Excess of the reactants in the reaction
b) Presence of competitive inhibitor d) disassembly
c) Increase in product to a certain level 2. Energy released by catabolic pathways
d) Presence of irreversible inhibitor is stored in how many forms?
6. Enzymes that transfer the phosphate a) 1
group from one protein to another is called b) 2
_____ c) 3
a) Phosphatase d) 4
b) Phosphate transferase 3. Anabolic pathways are energy-requiring.
c) Kinase a) True
d) Phosphorylase b) False
4. How many molecules of ATP are
7. The enzyme that catalyzes the transfer
formed per molecule of oxidation of
of a proton from a reactant to NAD+ is
glucose?
known as ______
a) 12
a) Hydrolase
b) 24
b) Proton carrier
c) 36
c) Dehydrogenase
d) 48
d) None of the mentioned
5. The TCA cycle occurs in which region
8. The functions of ATP are ___________
of a prokaryotic cell?
a) ATP acts as the main source of energy in
a) cytosol
cells
b) mitochondria
b) Plays a role in transporting solutes and
c) ribsomes
proteins across cell membranes
d) golgi complex
c) Contribute to the building blocks of
6. Glycolysis begins with which of the
DNA
following reactions?
d) All of the mentioned
a) reduction
9. In anaerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is
b) oxidation
converted to _______
c) phosphorylation
a) Lactate
d) acidification
b) Acetyl CoA
7. NAD is a _________
c) PEP
a) enzyme
d) Acetate
b) cofactor
10. The cofactor in Haber’s process is
c) protein
__________
d) nucleoside
a) Molybdenum
8. NAD⁺ can be derived from which
b) Iron
vitamin?
c) Copper
a) A
d) Magnesium
b) C
Metabolism c) Riboflavin
1. Catabolic pathways result in d) Niacin
_______________ of the molecules. 9. In fermentation, which of the following
a) assembly is regenerated?
b) functionalization a) Starch
c) conformation b) Oxygen
c) NAD⁺ b) organism
d) NADH c) bones
10. In case of repeated contraction, muscle d) tissue
cells regenerate NAD⁺ by converting 2. Cytosol is the same as cytoplasm.
pyruvate to _____________ a) True
a) glycogen b) False
b) lactate 3. Which of the following is allowed in
c) starch context with a plasma membrane?
d) cellulose a) Inversion
11. Yeast cells convert pyruvate to lactate. b) Transportation
a) True c) Transversion
b) False d) Transformation
12. A cell’s reservoir of NADPH 4. Which type of molecules are involved in
represents its _______________ responding to external signals received by
a) oxidation state the cell?
b) oxidation power a) Enzymes
c) tensile strength b) Nucleic acids
d) reducing power c) Genes
13. How many mechanisms exist for d) Receptors
altering the shape of an enzyme, playing a 5. The specific molecules that bind to
role in regulating glucose oxidation? receptors are _____________
a) 1 a) Ligands
b) 2 b) Co-enzymes
c) 3 c) Substrates
d) 4 d) Enzymes
14. Protein kinases are responsible for 6. Energy transduction is the underlying
transferring which group? process of which of the following?
a) oxygen a) DNA
b) carbon b) Transcription
c) amino c) Translation
d) phosphate d) Photosynthesis
15. How many types of protein kinases are View Answer
there?
7. The first insights into the chemical
a) 1
nature of plasma membranes date back to
b) 2
__________
c) 3
a) 1700
d) 4
b) 1790
c) 1800
History and Overview Cellular
d) 1890
membranes
8. Which material was used by Overton in
1. One of the main functions of plasma
his experiments to conclude the lipid
membranes is to enclose the contents of
nature of plasma membrane?
_____________
a) bacteria
a) cell
b) yeast lowered?
c) plant root hair a) denaturation
d) animal root hair b) desaturation
9. The fluid mosaic model was proposed in c) saccharification
the year __________ d) glycolysis
a) 1942 6. Lipid rafts are patches of cholesterol and
b) 1972 ________________
c) 2002 a) carbohydrates
d) 1872 b) amino acids
10. According to the fluid mosaic model, c) lipids
the membrane is _____________ d) sphingolipids
a) rigid 7. Cell fusion can be performed on two
b) discontinuous cells from different species.
c) sheet-like a) True
d) fluid-like b) False
8. In the experiments to demonstrate the
Lipids and Fluidity (Membrane) mobility of membrane proteins, which
1. Fluidity and viscosity are the same. cells were fused with human cells?
a) True a) mouse cells
b) False b) drosophila cells
2. Which of the following attributes of the c) tumor cells
membrane is most affected at the transition d) bacterial cells
temperature? 9. Which phenomena are made use of in
a) size the technique FRAP?
b) fluidity a) electrostatic
c) internal composition b) photothermal
d) internal environment c) hybridization
3. The ___________ the degree of d) fluorescence
unsaturation of the fatty acids of the 10. Which type of molecules are used in
bilayer, the ___________ the temperature SPT?
before the bilayer gels. a) organic dye
a) greater, lower b) inorganic dye
b) greater, more c) antibodies
c) lesser, higher d) gold particles
d) lesser, higher 11. The use of optical tweezers in
4. Which of the following molecules membrane biology was done to confirm
affects the mobility of fatty acyl chains in the ________________ nature of
the plasma membrane? membranes.
a) starch a) self-replicating
b) glycogen b) elastic
c) cholesterol c) inelastic
d) carbohydrates d) photo-responsive
5. Which of the following occurs in the 12. The sperm cell is covered by a
membrane, when the temperature is _____________
a) sheath to mediate the fusion of plasma
b) cell wall membranes of two different cells?
c) continuous membrane a) electric shock
d) discontinuous membrane b) inactivated viruses
13. Hemolysis is associated with which c) Polyethylene glycol
type of cells? d) emulsifier
a) hepatocytes 5. FRAP can be used to analyze living
b) germ cells cells.
c) somatic cells a) True
d) red blood cells b) False
14. Band 3 and glycophorins are 6. The erythrocyte has a
membrane proteins that contain _________________ shape.
________________ a) spherical
a) carbohydrates b) convex
b) sterols c) concave
c) lipids d) bi-concave
d) nucleic acids 7. Which of the following genetic diseases
15. Which is the first membrane protein to is caused by mutations in a membrane
have its amino acid sequence determined? protein?
a) Glycophorin A a) Alzheimer’s disease
b) Glycophorin B b) Parkinson’s disease
c) Glycophorin C c) Anemia
d) Glycophorin D d) Hemolytic anemia
8. Glycophorin is involved in which of the
Plasma membrane following disease?
1. Transverse diffusion (flip-flop) is the a) viral fever
movement of _____________ b) common cold
a) cholesterol molecule c) asthma
b) amino acid d) malaria
c) protein
d) phospholipid Membrane Potential and Nerve
2. The mobility of integral proteins can be Impulses
measured by physical state of the 1. Response to external stimulus is called
______________ _______________
a) amino acids a) reaction
b) external phospholipids b) immunity
c) membrane phospholipids c) response
d) membrane appendages d) irritability
3. Two cells can be operated in such a way 2. Information is coded in the form of fast
that leads to a common continuous plasma moving impulse in which types of cells?
membrane of both. a) epithelial
a) True b) endothelial
b) False c) neurons
4. Which of the following can not be used d) hepatocytes
3. Which part of a neuron receives b) Sodium
information from other neurons? c) Chloride
a) cell body d) Magnesium
b) axon 11. A neuron fires when
c) dendrites _____________________
d) myelin sheath a) action potential is achieved
4. The information is forwarded from the b) apoptosis is induced
neuron through which part? c) re-stimulation occurs
a) axon d) stimulation ceases
b) soma 12. Saltatory conduction occurs due to
c) dendrites _______________
d) nucleus a) axon hillock
5. Myelin sheath is composed mainly of b) soma
_____________ c) myelin sheath
a) proteins d) nodes of ranvier
b) lipids 13. The parts in the figure are
c) nucleic acids a)__________, b)_____________,
d) cholesterol c)___________, d)____________.
6. Membrane potential is present only in
nerve cells.
a) True
b) False
7. Which of the following exists in nerve
and muscle cells?
a) resting potential
b) membrane potential
c) potassium equilibrium potential
d) sodium equilibrium potential
8. Which of the following has the highest
permeability in a resting nerve cell?
a) Na+ a) dendrites, soma, myelin sheath, nodes of
b) Cl– ranvier
c) I– b) dendrites, soma, cell body, axon hillock,
d) K+ myelin sheath
9. On which of the following organisms, c) soma, axon hillock, myelin sheath,
the research on nerve cells was first carried dendrites
out? d) soma, axon hillock, axon, dendrites
a) Drosophila melanogaster 14. Local anesthetics act by
b) Grasshopper _____________ the ion channels.
c) Giant squid a) inactivating
d) Octopus b) opening
10. Depolarization is when ___________ c) closing
ions flow inside the neuron’s membrane. d) mutating
a) Potassium 15. Action potential can only flow in the
forward direction. a) Hydroxyl end of cholesterol
a) True b) Entire molecule of cholesterol
b) False c) Hydrophobic rings
d) Hydroxyl end and 1⁄4th of the
Chemical composition of membranes hydrophobic rings
1. The lipids present in cell membrane are 8. Which of the following is exoplasmic?
_____________ a) Phosphatidyl choline
a) Polar b) Phosphatidyl serine
b) Non- polar c) Phosphatidyl ethanolamine
c) Charged d) Phosphatidyl inositol
d) Ampipathic 9. Which of the following facilitates
2. The model of a lipid bilayer lined by a binding of positively charged amino acid
layer of protein molecules on both sides residues?
was put forward by _____ a) Phosphatidyl choline (PC)
a) Davson and Danielli b) Phosphatidyl serine (PS)
b) Singer and Nicolson c) Phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE)
c) Watson and Crick d) Phosphatidyl inositol(PI)
d) None of the mentioned 10. Which of the following promote
3. The phosphoglycerides in cell curvature of cell membrane?
membrane are of the _________ type. a) Phosphatidyl choline (PC)
a) Triglyceride b) Phosphatidyl serine (PS)
b) Diglyceride c) Phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE)
c) Monoglyceride d) Phosphatidyl inositol(PI)
d) Polyglyceride 11. Carbohydrates present in cell
4. Shingolipids is the derivative of membrane are generally ___________
______________ a) Monosaccharides
a) Sphingosine b) Disachharides
b) Shingomycin c) Oligosaccharides
c) Sphingoceramicin d) Polysaccharides
d) Sphingolipid polymer 12. Lipid rafts are ___________
5. Which of the following is not a a) Patches of glycoproteins in the lipid
component of cell membranes? bilayer
a) Phosphodiglycerides b) Patches of cholesterol and sphingolipids
b) Sphingolipids in lipid bilayer
c) Cholesterol c) Patches of only cholesterol in lipid
d) Phosphotriglycerides bilayers
6. In animals, the amount of cholesterol d) Detached patches of proteins floating on
present in cell membrane is ___________ the lipid bilayer
a) 20%
b) 15% Structure and function of membrane
c) 50% proteins
d) 33.33% 1. Which of the following is covalently
7. Which part of cholesterol molecule is attached to a lipid molecule in cell
not embedded in the lipid bilayer? membrane?
a) Integral protein c) Has no effect on transition temperature
b) Transmembrane protein d) Doubles the transition temperature
c) Peripheral protein 8. GPI- anchored proteins show particular
d) Lipid-anchored protein affinity towards ________
2. Integral proteins are also known as a) Cholesterol
____________ b) Hydrophobic tail
a) Intrinsic proteins c) Lipid rafts
b) Glycosylated proteins d) Phosphatidylserine
c) Transmembrane proteins 9. FRAP is a technique to detect
d) Bilayer proteins ___________
3. The concept of transmembrane proteins a) Membrane proteins
was obtained from the results of which b) Transporting ions
technique? c) Cholesterol patches
a) Freeze-fraction replication d) Cannot be determined
b) Freeze-fracture replication 10. Antibody -coated gold particles are
c) Fraction replication used in _______________
d) None of the mentioned a) FRAP
4. Transmembrane domain of a b) SPT
transmembrane protein is present as c) X-ray crystallography
_______________ d) Cannot be determined
a) Alpha-helix
b) Beta-sheet Movement of substances across cell
c) Triple beta-sheet membranes
d) None of the mentioned 1. The transport of water molecules from a
5. Hydropathy plot helps to solution to the cell cytoplasm occurs in
_______________ _________
a) Identify hydrophobic amino acids a) Hypertonic solution
b) Determine arrangement of amino acids b) Hypotonic solution
in a transmembrane protein c) Isotonic solution
c) Provides an average hydrophobicity of d) All of the mentioned
short peptide segments 2. Plasmolysis occurs in __________
d) All of the mentioned a) Hypertonic solution
6. The channel in a membrane protein by b) Hypotonic solution
which an ion or molecule can be c) Both hypotonic and hypertonic solution
transported in and out of the cell d) Isotonic solution
membrane is known as ___________ 3. Which of the following channels depend
a) Permeation pathway on forces such as stretch tension applied
b) Permeate channel on the membrane?
c) Permeation channel a) Voltage-gated channels
d) Channel pathway b) Mechano-gated channels
7. Greater degree of unsaturation in fatty c) Ligand-gated channels
acids of cell membrane _________ d) Tension-gated channels
a) Lowers the transition temperature 4. How many H+ ions are transported by
b) Raises the transition temperature the vacuole H+-ATPase pump and the
vacuole H+-phosphatase pump per d) Chemical energy
hydrolysis of ATP and pyrophosphate 11. During salt stress condition in
respectively? Arabidopsis, which of the following
a) 1, 1 antiport proteins are used?
b) 1, 2 a) AvPI and AtNHX
c) 2, 1 b) AvPI and AtDBF
d) 2, 2 c) AvPI and AvPII
5. The ion most abundant in cells and most d) None of the mentioned
permeable to cell membrane is
____________ Nucleus structure and function
a) K+ 1. Nucleoporins are __________
b) Ca2+ a) Nuclear pores
c) Na+ b) Ribosomes on nuclear membranes
d) H+ c) rRNAs in the nucleolus
6. Facilitative transporter ___________ d) None of the mentioned
a) Helps in facilitated diffusion 2. The transport factors that help in the
b) Changes conformation transport of molecules through the nuclear
c) Transports molecules passively pores are known as ___________
d) Changes conformation, transports a) Nucleopherins
molecules and facilitated diffusion b) Nucleoporins
7. GLUT1 is an example of c) Karyopherins
______________ d) Karyoporins
a) Channel protein 3. Lamin proteins that bind to the intra-
b) Facilitative transporter nuclear chromatin are _____________
c) Active transporter a) Emerin
d) Lipid-anchored protein b) Nesprin
8. The ratio of Na+ and K+ transported by c) LEM-3
Na+/K+-ATPase pump is ___________ d) Cannot be said
a) 1:1 4. Nuclear Organizer Regions (NOR) is
b) 2:1 found in ________
c) 2:3 a) Nuclear matrix
d) 3:2 b) Nucleolus
9. Symport and Antiport is the c) Nuclear lamina
classification of ____________ d) Nucleoporins
a) Primary active transport 5. Cajal bodies mainly consist of the
b) Secondary active transport protein _________
c) Primary passive transport a) Emerin
d) Secondary passive transport b) Actin
10. Halobacterium salinarium uses the c) Coilin
following for the active transport of ions to d) Desprin
induce purple colour. 6. Which of the following is not a function
a) Light energy of Cajal bodies?
b) ATP a) snRNP biogenesis
c) Voltage b) histone mRNA processing
c) telomere assembly c) AMPases
d) tRNA processing d) Both ATPases and GTPases
7. Which of the following is also known as 3. Which of the following human cells are
Kremer bodies? multinucleated?
a) Cajal bodies a) Myocytes
b) PML bodies b) Erythrocytes
c) Nuclear speckles c) Megakaryocytes
d) Nucleolus d) None of the mentioned
8. Which of the following plays a role in 4. Why are red blood cells anucleated?
oncogenic function? a) Presence of nucleus leads to heavier
a) Kremer bodies cells that cannot flow in blood stream
b) Cajal bodies b) Absence of nucleus leads to increased
c) Splicing speckles space for haemoglobin that carries
d) None of the mentioned molecular oxygen
9. Nuclear speckles ______________ c) Presence of nucleus leads to increased
a) perform splicing of snRNPs proliferation of RBCs which harms the
b) perform splicing of rRNAs body
c) act as a transcription site for rRNAs d) All of the mentioned
d) act as a storage site for snRNPs 5. Which of the following first binds to the
10. Which of the following is not true? NLS protein sequence?
a) Paraspeckles are irregular shaped sub- a) Importin-alpha
nuclear compartments b) Importin-beta
b) Paraspeckles disappear in absence of c) CAS protein
RNA polemerase II transcription d) NLS detecting protein
c) They are transcription dependent 6. Which of the following displaces
d) They are present during interphase and Importin-alpha from the cargo transported
absent during mitosis. inside the nucleus?
a) Impotin-beta
Transport of Molecules Through b) RanGTP
Nucleopores c) CAS
1. Processing of mRNA includes d) RanGTPase
__________ 7. The import cycle of cargo or molecule
a) 5′ capping, 3′ polyadenylation and RNA inside the nucleus requires the hydrolysis
splicing of ___
b) 3′ capping, 5′ polyadenylation and RNA a) 1 GTP
splicing b) 1 ATP
c) 5′ capping and 3′ polyadenylation c) 2 GTPs
d) 5′ capping and RNA splicing d) 3 GTPs
2. The ability of importins and exportins to 8. Export of molecules from inside the
transport molecules in and out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm needs hydrolysis
nucleoporins is regulated by ________
______________ a) 1 GTP
a) ATPases b) 1 ATP
b) GTPases c) 2 GTPs
d) 3 GTPs a) 1
9. Export of proteins with exportin CRM1 b) 2
can be inhibited by ___________ c) 3
a) Leptomycin A d) 4
b) Leptomycin B 6. Most of the free energy present in the
c) Leptomycin D glucose is stored as ATP after glycolysis.
d) Leptomycin H a) True
10. Which of the following cellular RNA is b) False
not dependent on RanGTP during transport 7. In presence of oxygen, how many
outside nucleus? additional molecules of ATP can be formed
a) tRNA by metabolizing pyruvate and NADH in
b) rRNA the mitochondria?
c) mRNA a) more than 20
d) snRNA b) more than 30
c) more than 50
Aerobic Respiration – Oxidative d) more than 100
Metabolism 8. Decarboxylation of pyruvate group
1. Which of the following molecules is takes place in the ________________
present in the mitochondrion? a) outer mitochondrial membrane
a) Acetyl CoA b) inner mitochondrial membrane
b) Acetyl CoB c) mitochondrial matrix
c) Acetylanase d) cytosol
d) Acetylcholine 9. Coenzyme A is derived from
2. The enzymes of glycolysis are located in _________________
the ______________ a) thiamin
a) mitochondria b) riboflavin
b) golgi complex c) pantothenic acid
c) cytosol d) biotin
d) cytoplasm
3. How many reactions are constituted in a
glycolytic pathway?
a) 2
b) 5
c) 10
d) 15
4. At the expense of two ATP molecules,
how many phosphate groups are present on
the fructose in the third step of glycolysis?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
5. How many molecules of ATP are
formed per molecule of glucose oxidized?
Aerobic Respiration – Adenosine d) DNA Replication
Triphosphate 3. How many reactions that occur in the
1. Mitochondria are not able to transport TCA cycle transfer electrons from a
NADH from cytosol. substrate to an electron accepting enzyme?
a) True a) 1
b) False b) 2
View Answer c) 3
2. How many molecules of ATP are d) 4
formed from the catabolism of one glucose 4. Which of the following is an important
molecule? end product of disassembly of fatty acids?
a) 12 a) Acetyl CoA
b) 24 b) Succinate dehydrogenase
c) 36 c) Pyruvate
d) 48 d) DNA gyrase
3. TCA cycle is a __________ process and 5. Polysaccharides, fats and proteins break
glycolysis is a ______________ process. down into metabolites of
a) aerobic, anaerobic __________________
b) anaerobic, aerobic a) Glycolysis
c) aerobic, aerobic b) TCA cycle
d) oxidation, reduction c) RNA repair
4. Ionic gradient in which part of the d) Membrane synthesis
mitochondrion drives the synthesis of 6. Acetyl CoA is a _____________ carbon
ATP? compound.
a) matrix a) 1
b) outer membrane b) 2
c) inner membrane c) 3
d) DNA d) 4
5. Oxidative phosphorylation and 7. In the TCA cycle, which of the
substrate-level phosphorylation are two following combines with Acetyl CoA to
different processes of ATP synthesis. form a 6 carbon compound?
a) True a) oxaloacetate
b) False b) glucose
c) pyruvate
Aerobic Respiration – TCA Cycle d) thiamine
1. All enzymes of the TCA cycle reside in 8. The enzyme aconitase is responsible for
the mitochondrial membrane. ________________
a) True a) polymerization
b) False b) degradation
View Answer c) assembly
2. Which of the following is also known as d) isomerization
Krebs cycle? 9. For each molecule of glucose, how
a) Electron transport chain many times does the TCA cycle proceed?
b) Glycolysis a) 1
c) TCA cycle b) 2
c) 3 d) golgi complex
d) 4
Mitochondrion
Aerobic Respiration – Proton Motive 1. Mitochondria is the organ for ______
Force a) Cellular respiration
1. The free energy released during electron b) Cellular digestion
transport is utilized to move protons from c) Cellular death
_____________ to inner membrane and d) Cellular motility
cytosol. 2. The protruding invaginated sheets inside
a) extracellular environment mitochondria is known as _____
b) outer membrane a) Cristae
c) nucleus b) Fimbrae
d) matrix c) Hyphae
2. Proton motive force is the net sum of d) Cellular Digestion
how many gradient components? 3. The inner boundary membrane and
a) 1 inner cristal membrane are joined by ____
b) 2 a) Mitochondrial junctions
c) 3 b) Membrane junctions
d) 4 c) Cristae junctions
3. The contribution made by electric d) Tubule junctions
potential versus pH gradient to the proton 4. Which part of mitochondria has almost
motive force (Δp) is determined by which 70-75% protein content?
property of the mitochondrial membrane? a) Outer membrane
a) thickness b) Inner membrane
b) position in the cell c) Both outer and inner membrane
c) permeability d) Intermembrane space
d) number of cristae 5. Which part of mitochondria is
4. The approximate proton motive force of responsible for the degradation of many
an actively respiring mitochondrion is enzymes?
____________ mV. a) Mitochondrial matrix
a) 220 b) Cristae
b) 240 c) Inner membrane
c) 260 d) Outer membrane
d) 280 6. In the inner membrane of mitochondria,
5. The maintenance of proton motive force there is one protein molecule for
requires that inner mitochondrial approximately every _______
membrane remains permeable to protons. a) 15 phospholipids
a) True b) 25 phospholipids
b) False c) 5 phospholipids
6. For which organelle proton motive force d) 10 phospholipids
is also a source of energy? 7. Cardiolipin present in inner
a) nucleus mitochondrial membrane plays a role in
b) ribosomes ___________
c) mitochondrion a) Formation of the respiratory
mechanisms b) Cis- Aconitate
b) Activation of proteins involved in c) Oxaloacetate
Glycolysis d) Malate
c) Activation of proteins involved in 3. How many ATP molecules are produced
electron oxidation per glucose molecules in eukaryotic
d) Activation of proteins Glycolysis?
8. Porins are present in ____________ a) 2 ATP
a) Inner membrane b) 3 ATP
b) Outer membrane c) 4 ATP
c) Both inner and outer membrane d) 6 ATP
d) Intermembrane space 4. How many ATP molecules are produced
9. The mitochondrial DNA in humans per Krebs’ Cycle in eukaryotes?
encode for how many poplypeptides? a) 2 ATP
a) 15 b) 36 ATP
b) 13 c) 38 ATP
c) 12 d) 24 ATP
d) 11 5. After glycolysis, which of the following
10. Human mitochondrial DNA encodes is transported across the inner
for ____________ mitochondrial membrane into the matrix?
a) 2 rRNAs a) Pyruvate
b) 3 rRNAs b) Acetyl CoA
c) 1 rRNA c) ATP molecules
d) 4 rRNAs d) Coenzyme A
11. Human mitochondrial DNA encodes 6. The TCA cycle produces ____________
for _________ a) 2 NADH
a) 21 tRNAs b) 6 NADH
b) 31 tRNAs c) 8 NADH
c) 22 tRNA d) 4 NADH
d) 24 tRNAs 7. The TCA cycle produces
12. The mitochondrial RNA polymerase is _____________
made up of _____________ a) 2 FADH2
a) 1 subunit b) 3 FADH2
b) 2 subunits c) 4 FADH2
c) 3 subunits d) 1 FADH2
d) multiple subunits 8. The TCA cycle produces ___________
a) 2 GTPs
1. Glycolysis takes place in _____ b) 1 GTP
a) Outer membrane of mitochondria c) 3 GTPs
b) Inner membrane of mitochondria d) 4 GTPs
c) Mitochondrial matrix 9. In the electron transport chain, each pair
d) Cytosol of electron transferred from NADH to
2. The first stable compound of Kreb’s oxygen releases sufficient energy to
cycle is _____________ produce __________
a) Citrate a) 3 ATPs
b) 1 ATP a) Breakdown of Formaldehyde
c) 2 ATPs b) Breakdown of proteins
d) 4 ATPs c) Breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide
10. In the electron transport chain, each d) Breakdown of Phthalates
pair of electron donated by FADH2 4. Which cells in our body contains
releases sufficient energy to produce abundant peroxisomes?
__________ a) Liver cells
a) 3 ATPs b) Reproductive cells
b) 1 ATP c) Cardiac cells
c) 2 ATPs d) Brain cells
d) 4 ATPs 5. What enzyme is used to detoxify alcohol
11. Total number of ATPs formed by in our body?
oxidation of one glucose molecule is a) Catalase
___________ b) Peroxidase
a) 36 ATPs c) Urea – catalase
b) 30 ATP d) Amylase
c) 32 ATPs 6. Which of the following enzyme
d) 34 ATPs produced by peroxisomes are present in
12. Which of the following is not involved plant cell, but absent in human cell?
in electron chain transport system? a) Catalase
a) Complexes I, II, II, IV b) Peroxidase
b) Ubiquinone c) Uric acid oxidase
c) Cytochrome C d) D – amino acid oxidase
d) All of them are involved 7. Among which of the following
13. NADH and FADH2 is associated with Peroxisomes are absent?
respectively ____________ a) Bacillus subtilis
a) Complexes I and complex II b) Zea mays
b) Complexes II and complex III c) Homo habilis
c) Complexes I and complex III d) Euphlyctis hexadactylus
d) Complexes III and complex IV 8. What cell organelle assists in the
oxidation of fatty acids along with
Peroxisome peroxisomes?
1. Who first discovered peroxisomes? a) Ribosome
a) Christian de Duve b) Nucleus
b) Boveri c) Endoplasmic Reticulum
c) J Rhodin d) Mitochondria
d) Van Beneden 9. Which genetic disorder is associated
2. What is the diameter of peroxisomes? with dysfunction of peroxisomes?
a) 0.2 – 0.5 µm a) Parkinson’s disease
b) 0.1 – 1.0 µm b) Down’s syndrome
c) 1 – 5 µm c) Zellweger Syndrome
d) 1 – 10 µm d) Bubble Boy Syndrome
3. What is the major role of peroxisomes 10. Which organelle is used in the
in our body? production of white matter in the nervous
system? a) pigments
a) Mitochondria b) cell organelles
b) Peroxisomes c) terrestrial plants
c) Endoplasmic Reticulum d) granulated thylakoids
d) Ribosomes 8. Carotenoids dissipate absorbed energy
as heat.
Light Absorption a) True
1. Energy absorbed from sunlight is stored b) False
as chemical energy in which of the 9. Which of the following type of spectrum
following biomolecules? is a plot of efficiency of different types of
a) ATP, ADP wavelengths in bringing about the
b) ATP, NADPH photosynthesis?
c) NAD, FAD a) absorption spectrum
d) NADH2, ATP b) action spectrum
2. Which types of molecules are c) efficiency spectrum
synthesized in light-independent (dark) d) reflection spectrum
reactions? 10. Which of the following contains a
a) proteins linear system of conjugated double bonds?
b) glycolipids a) β-carotene
c) carbohydrates b) chlorophyll
d) nucleic acids c) chloroplast
3. Photon of light of higher wavelength d) thylakoid
has _____________ energy.
a) higher Chloroplast and Photosynthetic
b) lower Pigments
c) intermittent 1. Who first discovered chloroplast?
d) dissipated a) J Rhodin
4. Pigments absorb light of particular b) Robert Porter
wavelengths. c) Camillo Golgi
a) True d) Konstantin Mereschkowski
b) False 2. What is the diameter of a chloroplast?
5. Which part of the chlorophyll is a) 1 – 2 micrometer
responsible for absorption of light? b) 2 – 4 micrometer
a) hydrophobic phytol chain c) 4 – 6 micrometer
b) porphyrin ring d) 6 – 10 micrometer
c) thylakoid membrane 3. The mass of chloroplast DNA is
d) outer membrane __________
6. Which atoms are present in the a) 10 – 15 million daltons
porphyrin of a chlorophyll molecule? b) 50 – 100 million daltons
a) iron c) 80 – 130 million daltons
b) magnesium d) 25 – 125 million daltons
c) calcium 4. The number of chloroplasts found in
d) sulphur Arabidopsis thaliana is _____________
7. What are carotenoids? a) 100
b) 150 a) True
c) 50 b) False
d) 200 12. What disease is caused by the
5. Identify A and B from the below figure. dysfunction of chloroplast?
a) Leaf spot
b) Blight spot
c) Leaf variegation
d) Powdery mildew

Photosynthetic Units and Reaction

a) A – Lumen; B – Thylakoids Centres
b) A – Thylakoids; B – Lumen 1. In which part of the plant, does
c) A – Stroma; B – Grana photosynthesis takes place?
d) A – Grana; B – Stroma a) Peroxisomes
6. The sunlight is captured by the b) Glyoxisomes
membrane of thylakoids. c) Quantosomes
a) True d) Lysosomes
b) False 2. Which pigment protects the
7. Which pigment is responsible for the photosystem from ultraviolet radiation?
process of sunlight? a) Chlorophyll a
a) Chlorophyll a b) Chlorophyll b
b) Chlorophyll b c) Carotenoids
c) Xanthophyll d) Anthocyanin
d) Anthocyanin 3. What is the name of the book written by
8. Which pigment constitutes majorly in Jan Ingenhousz, which explains the basis
absorbing sunlight for photosynthesis? of photosynthesis?
a) Chlorophyll a a) Experiments upon Fruits
b) Chlorophyll b b) Experiments upon Vegetables
c) Xanthophyll c) Experiments upon Plants
d) Anthocyanin d) Experiments upon Animals
9. Which of the following organisms has 4. Photosystem II happens before
photosynthetic pigments in it? photosystem I.
a) Yeast a) True
b) Nitrosomonas b) False
c) Spirulina 5. Which of the following amino acid is
d) Phosphobacter helpful in the synthesis of plastoquinone?
10. What is the chemical formula of a) Valine
chlorophyll a? b) Isoleucine
a) C45H72MgN4O5 c) Leucine
b) C55H72MgN4O5 d) Tyrosine
c) C55H72MnN4O5 6. What is the other name of Plastoquinol
d) C45H72MnN4O5 – plastocyanin reductase?
11. Chloroplast divide by binary fission. a) Cytochrome b4f complex
b) Cytochrome b5f complex
c) Cytochrome b6f complex 5. Which enzyme helps in the flow of
d) Cytochrome b5g complex protons from the thylakoid to the stroma?
7. What is the maximum wavelength of a) ADP synthase
light photosystem II can absorb? b) ATP synthase
a) 680nm c) ADP hydrolase
b) 450nm d) ADP hydrolase
c) 700nm 6. How many micromoles of CO2 is fixed
d) 230nm per milligram of chloroplast in an hour?
8. Which of the following Vitamins act as a) 2.5
an electron acceptor in light dependent b) 3
photosynthesis? c) 3.5
a) Vitamin A d) 4
b) Vitamin D 7. Which of the following organisms
c) Vitamin E contain Chlorosome?
d) Vitamin K a) Green Sulphur bacteria
9. During photosynthesis, how many b) Blue green bacteria
chlorophyll molecules are required to c) Purple bacteria
produce one oxygen molecule? d) Plant cells
a) 1000 8. Which of the following organisms lack
b) 2000 photophosphorylation?
c) 2500 a) Algae
d) 3000 b) Cyanobacteria
c) Plants
Photophosphorylation d) Yeast
1. What is photophosphorylation? 9. In the conversion of ADP to ATP by the
a) Addition of phosphate without light enzyme ATP synthase, which reaction
b) Removal of phosphate without light helps in the movement of H+ across the
c) Addition of phosphate with light membranes?
d) Removal of phosphate with light a) Redox reaction
2. Who discovered photophosphorylation? b) Oxidation reaction
a) D David c) Chemiosmosis
b) D Benjamin d) Redox reaction
c) D Arnon 10. Which of the following protein is
d) D Robert disrupted due to the disorder in
3. Cyclic photophosphorylation has both photophosphorylation reaction?
photosystem I and II. a) C1
a) True b) D1
b) False c) H1
4. The site of photophosphorylation is d) K1
__________ 11. The inactivation of photosynthesis is
a) Chloroplast known as photo inhibition.
b) Mitochondria a) True
c) Endoplasmic reticulum b) False
d) Nucleus
CO2 Fixation and Carbohydrate d) Ribose
Synthesis in C3 Plants 7. How many ATP molecules are required
1. Who discovered C3 cycle? to produce one molecule of glucose?
a) Melvin Calvin a) 18
b) Kolliker b) 15
c) Robert Brown c) 12
d) Rudolph Markus d) 9
2. Identify the following compound. 8. Which of the following enzyme is used
to fix CO2 through Calvin cycle?
a) Ribose -1, 5- bisphosphate carboxylase
b) Ribulose -1, 6- bisphosphate
carboxylase
c) Ribose -1, 6- bisphosphate carboxylase
d) Ribulose -1, 5- bisphosphate
carboxylase
9. Which redox-regulated protein controls
the functioning of Calvin cycle?
a) CP4
b) CP8
c) CP12
d) CP16
a) Ru5P 10. How many times should the Calvin
b) RuBP cycle happen, in order to obtain one
c) R5P glucose molecule?
d) Rpi a) 2
3. Which of the following is an example of b) 4
C3 plants? c) 3
a) Sugarcane d) 6
b) Cactus
c) Wheat CO2 Fixation and Carbohydrate
d) Corn Synthesis in C4 Plants
4. C3 plants grown in cold climates. 1. Who discovered C4 cycle?
a) True a) Hatch and Slack
b) False b) Kolliker
5. Calvin cycle occurs in the cytoplasm of c) Robert Brown
the cell. d) Rudolph Markus
a) True 2. What is the enzyme used in the
b) False conversion of pyruvate to
6. What is the final product of the Calvin phosphoenolpyruvate?
cycle? a) Pyruvate monophosphate dikinase
a) Sedoheptulose b) Pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase
b) Erythrose c) Pyruvate monophosphate reductase
c) Glucose d) Pyruvate orthophosphate reductase
3. Which of the following leaf anatomy is
a characterization of C4 plants? 11. C4 pathway uses 5 ATP molecules and
a) Piezo anatomy 4 NADPH molecules as the energy source.
b) Norman anatomy a) True
c) Kranz anatomy b) False
d) Richard anatomy
4. Which of the following is an example of CO2 Fixation and Carbohydrate
C4 plants? Synthesis in CAM Plants
a) Sugarcane 1. Which of the following plants undergo
b) Wheat CAM photosynthesis?
c) Rice a) Cactus
d) Cactus b) Sugarcane
5. What is the final product of the C4 c) Corn
cycle? d) Wheat
a) Aspartate 2. The CAM pathway starts at daytime.
b) Malate a) True
c) Oxalate b) False
d) Acetate 3. Where is the malate stored in CAM
6. Where does the C4 pathway take place? plants?
a) Bundle sheath a) Chloroplast
b) Xylem b) Mitochondria
c) Mesophylls c) Vacuoles
d) Phloem d) Endoplasmic reticulum
7. The C4 plants grow in the cold climate 4. How many aquatic plant genera can
places. undergo CAM photosynthesis?
a) True a) 4
b) False b) 5
8. The total carbon dioxide fixation done c) 6
by the C4 plants is _________ d) 7
a) 3% 5. The CAM plants undergo daytime
b) 13% acidification and nighttime deacidification.
c) 23% a) True
d) 33% b) False
9. Which enzyme plays the role of a 6. Which enzyme is used in converting
catalyst in CO2 fixation in C4 plants? bicarbonate ion to oxaloacetate?
a) Carbonic mutase a) Phosphoenolpyruvate reductase
b) Carbonic reductase b) Phosphoenolpyruvate hydrogenase
c) Carbonic anhydrase c) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
d) Carbonic dehydrogenase d) Phosphoenolpyruvate dehydrogenase
10. What is the chemical formula for 7. Which enzyme is used to convert
oxaloacetic acid? oxaloacetate to malate?
a) C4H3O5 a) Malate dehydrogenase
b) C4H4O5 b) Malate hydrolase
c) C4H4O6 c) Malate carboxylase
d) C3H4O5 d) Malate dehydratase
8. Which of the following is a facultative rigidity is called durotaxis.
CAM plant? a) True
a) Century plant b) False
b) Corn 7. Hemidesmosomes are present in
c) Maize keratinocytes.
d) Common ice plant a) True
9. How many molecules of ATP and b) False
NADPH2 are used in synthesis of one 8. What is the use of matrix-bound
glucose molecule? nanovesicles?
a) 30 ATP and 10 NADPH2 a) Enzyme technology
b) 10 ATP and 30 NADPH2 b) Tissue engineering
c) 30 ATP and 12 NADPH2 c) Biofuel production
d) 12 ATP and 30 NADPH2 d) Pharma product production
9. Which genetic disorder is associated
1. What is the key role of Chondroitin with accumulation of proteoglycans?
sulfate proteoglycans? a) Polysaccharidoses
a) Extracellular matrix interaction b) Mucomonosaccharidoses
b) Protection to cell c) Mucopolysaccharidoses
c) Production of proteins d) Monosaccharidoses
d) Digesting the toxins 10. Which of the following disease is
2. Which of the following helps in the associated with the disruption of
attachment of cell to the extracellular hemidesmosomes?
matrix? a) Atherosclerosis
a) Cell-matrix fusion complex b) Epidermolysis bullosa
b) Cell-matrix adhesion complex c) Myocardial infarction
c) Cell-matrix substitution complex d) Zellweger syndrome
d) Cell-matrix addition complex
3. How many exons do the syndecan have? Cell Interactions – Cells with Other
a) 3 Cells
b) 4 1. Which of the following is used by cells
c) 5 to interact with other cells?
d) 6 a) Cell junctions
4. What is the range of molecular weight b) Cell adhesions
of laminins? c) Cell detectors
a) 400 to 900 kDa d) Cell tubules
b) 400 to 900 Da 2. What is the name of the interaction
c) 500 to 1000 kDa made by the immune system?
d) 500 to 1000 Da a) Permanent
5. What is the key role of fibroblasts? b) Transient
a) Protecting the cell c) Active
b) Producing extracellular matrix d) Passive
c) Producing lytic enzymes 3. Cell junction is abundant in __________
d) Providing structure a) Hepatic cells
6. The movement of cell with respect to b) Cardiac cells
c) Epithelial cells 1. Which of the following together
d) Prokaryotic cells represent an endomembrane system?
4. What is the function of tight junctions in a) macromolecules of the cell
epithelial cells? b) cell receptors
a) Separation of fluids c) cytoplasmic structures
b) Biocatalyst to enzymes d) nuclear structures
c) Protection 2. Organelles of the endomembrane system
d) Support and structure are stable and static.
5. Tight junctions are made up of single a) True
junctions in our body. b) False
a) True 3. Proteins are synthesized in which of the
b) False following organelle of the endomembrane
6. Which of the following is the system?
continuous channel formed by the cell a) Endoplasmic reticulum
membranes? b) Golgi complex
a) Desmosomes c) Lysosomes
b) Peroxisomes d) Vacuoles
c) Annular Shell 4. There are ______ types of secretory
d) Integrins activities of a cell.
7. What do you mean by leukocyte a) one
extravasation? b) two
a) Movement of leukocytes to tissues c) three
b) Movement of leukocytes to blood d) four
c) Lysis of leukocytes 5. In regulated secretion, materials are
d) Formation of leukocytes __________
8. Which of the following is a signaling a) secreted
molecule for bacteria? b) stored
a) Heteroserine lactones c) degraded
b) Polyserine lactones d) aggregated
c) Monoserine lactones 6. Which type of endomembrane secretion
d) Homoserine lactones occurs in nerve cells?
9. Bacteria uses glycoproteins and a) constitutive
glycolipids to attach itself to the host cell. b) regulatory
a) True c) non-continuous
b) False d) intermittent
10. Which of the following is the result of 7. What of the following molecules is not
platelet interaction? transported through the secretory pathway
a) Tearing of cells of endomembrane system?
b) Coagulation a) nucleic acids
c) Antigen response b) complex polysaccharides
d) Inflammation c) proteins
d) lipids
Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems – 8. In the endocytic pathway, materials are
Endomembrane System discharged from the cell.
a) True a) Dehydrogenases
b) False b) Oxygenases
9. Which of the following biomolecules c) Nucleases
are contained in the lysosomes? d) Ribonucleases
a) nucleic acids 6. Sarcoplasmic reticulum is found in
b) ribonucleic acids ________________
c) proteins a) liver cells
d) polysaccharides b) kidney cells
10. Which type of signals direct the c) muscle cells
proteins to their appropriate cellular d) neurons
destinations? 7. The signal sequence that determines
a) sorting signals whether a protein will be synthesized on a
b) apoptotic signals free ribosome or ribosome attached to
c) ubiquitylation endoplasmic reticulum is located at
d) degradation signals _______
a) N-terminal
Endoplasmic Reticulum b) C-terminal
1. The membranes of rough endoplasmic c) hydrophobic tail
reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic d) hydrophilic tail
reticulum (SER) are continuous. 8. In the image below, endoplasmic
a) True reticulum is depicted by ________
b) False
2. Which of the following biomolecules
are not synthesized by the endoplasmic
reticulum?
a) Proteins
b) Lipids
c) Nucleic acids
d) Cholesterol
3. All the cells contain the same ratio of
rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
a) True
b) False
4. Detoxification of organic compounds
like barbiturates and ethanol in the liver is
carried out by ________________
a) smooth endoplasmic reticulum a) a
b) sarcoplasmic reticulum b) b
c) rough endoplasmic reticulum c) c
d) nucleus d) d
5. Which enzymes are responsible for 9. In yeast cells, protein transport across
detoxification of organic compounds the endoplasmic reticulum membrane
carried out by the smooth endoplasmic occurs __________
reticulum?
a) perpendicularly b) Golgi complex
b) discontinuously c) Mitochondrion
c) co-translationally d) Plasma membrane
d) post-translationally
10. In mammalian cells, the signal Golgi apparatus
recognition particle (SRP) consists of ____ 1. Golgi complex has a cisternae of
distinct polypeptides and one small RNA diameter _________
molecule. a) 0.5-1 mm
a) 2 b) 0.5-1 nm
b) 4 c) 0.5-1 pm
c) 6 d) 0.5-1 μm
d) 8 2. Cis-Golgi network (CGN) is closer to
11. Translocon is a ____________ the endoplasmic reticulum than the trans-
a) polypeptide Golgi network (TGN).
b) protein channel a) True
c) receptor b) False
d) recognition particle 3. Which of the following parts of Golgi
12. Which of the following enzyme complex directs the proteins to their final
present in the rough endoplasmic intracellular destinations?
reticulum removes the signal sequence a) tubules
from nascent polypeptides? b) cis-Golgi network
a) signal oxidase c) trans-Golgi network
b) signal peptidase d) medial cisternae
c) olisaccharyltransferase 4. Which protein families do not
d) luciferase mechanically support the Golgi complex?
13. The cysteine residues present in the a) Keratin
reduced form in peptides that enter the b) Actin
endoplasmic reticulum lumen are c) Spectrin
converted into ____________ when they d) Ankyrin
leave the compartment. 5. Newly synthesized membrane proteins
a) hydrolyzed bonds enter the cis face of the Golgi complex and
b) hydrophobic bonds leave from the trans face.
c) disulfide bonds a) True
d) hydrophilic bonds b) False
14. Hydrophobic transmembrane segments 6. Which of the following is located at
of which proteins are not synthesized in the trans end of the Golgi stack?
the endoplasmic reticulum? a) ascorbic acid
a) integral membrane proteins b) methanoic acid
b) lysosomal proteins c) sialyl-transferase
c) steroids d) dehydrogenase
d) secretory proteins 7. Which of the following is not
15. Glycolipids are synthesized in the ER completely synthesized in the Golgi
and ____________ complex of a cell?
a) Nucleus a) Pectins
b) Hemicellulose d) Golgi complex, ER
c) N-linked oligosaccharides View Answer
d) O-linked oligosaccharides
4. COPI-coated vesicles move the
8. How many models of movement of
materials in __________________
materials through the Golgi complex exist?
direction.
a) 1
a) retrograde
b) 2
b) anterograde
c) 3
c) radial
d) 4
d) lateral
9. What is responsible for the transport of
5. Glycosyltransferases are selected by
materials from the cis cisternae to
CopII-coat proteins.
the trans cisternae of the Golgi complex?
a) True
a) active diffusion
b) False
b) passive diffusion
6. Sar1 is a _______
c) translocon
a) carbohydrate
d) transport vesicles
b) glycolipid
10. While moving from cis cisternae to the
c) G-protein
trans cisternae, which molecule does not
d) alkali
leave the cisternal lumen?
7. The protein coated vesicle must release
a) membrane proteins
its components into the Cytosol before
b) procollagen
fusing with the target site.
c) oligosaccharides
a) True
d) lysosomal proteins
b) False
8. ARF1 is a _______ binding protein.
Vesicle Transport
a) carbohydrate
1. A protein coat of diameter ________ is
b) GTP
present on the transport vesicles.
c) GDP
a) 0.5-1 mm
d) ATP
b) 0.5-1 nm
9. Retrieval signals, present on the C-
c) 0.5-1 pm
terminus of ER resident proteins are
d) 0.5-1 μm
captured by the receptors present on
2. Which molecule activates the formation
__________________
of a transport vesicle?
a) Clathrin-coated vesicles
a) G-protein
b) Golgi complex
b) Lactose
c) COPI-coated vesicles
c) DNA helicase
d) COPII-coated vesicles
d) Inducer
10. Clathrin present on the clathrin-coated
3. COPII-coated vesicles move the
vesicles is a ______________
materials from ____________ to
a) carbohydrate
____________
b) protein
a) ERGIC, Golgi complex
c) oligosaccharide
b) Golgi complex, ERGIC
d) enzyme
c) ER, Golgi complex
11. GTP-bound ‘Rabs’ (G-proteins)
associated with membranes by a _________
__________ anchor. a) kidney
a) lipid b) lungs
b) protein c) liver
c) carbohydrate d) intestine
d) ribonucleic acid 4. Which of the following are phagocytic
12. Which state of the ‘Rabs’ is the active cells?
state? a) neutrophils, macrophages
a) GDP-bound b) neutrophils, mast cells
b) GTP-bound c) mast cells, macrophages
c) Membrane-bound d) mast cells, antibodies
d) Lipid-bound 5. Destruction and replacement of cell’s
13. t-SNAREs are present on the own organelles is called ____________
_____________________ a) transition
a) budding vesicle b) turnover
b) transportation material c) endocytosis
c) target compartment d) exocytosis
d) tethering proteins 6. In autophagy, the organelle’s to be
14. Synaptobrevin is a ______________ ingested are covered by a
a) membrane vesicle ______________
b) lipid anchor a) protein coat
c) t-SNARE b) oligosaccharides
d) v-SNARE c) double membrane
15. Which of the following are the targets d) single membrane
of bacterial toxins botulism and tetanus? 7. When a cell is in nutrient deprived state,
a) Sar1 autophagy increases.
b) SNAREs a) True
c) Rabs b) False
d) ARF1 8. After the digestive process in an
autophagolysosome is over, it is termed as
Lysosome _______________
1. The main function of lysosomes is a) autophagosome
____________ b) residual body
a) excretion c) endosome
b) synthesis d) peroxisome
c) mobility 9. Lipofuscin granules decrease in number
d) digestion as individual grows older.
2. Where is the proton pump located in a a) True
lysosome? b) False
a) cytosol 10. In the ‘I-cell disease’, lysosomes are
b) membrane ___________
c) attached with enzymes a) absent
d) extracellularly connected b) bloated
3. Kupffer cells are located in the c) short-lived
d) immobile d) glycoprotein
11. The enzyme N-acetylglucosamine 5. Water enters the vacuole by
phosphotransferase is responsible for ____________
____________ a) reverse osmosis
a) mannose phosphorylation b) osmosis
b) sucrose phosphorylation c) active diffusion
c) tethering Golgi stack d) passive diffusion
d) modification of integral proteins 6. Plant vacuoles are also sites of
12. Lysosomal storage disorders are caused intracellular digestion.
due to ______________ a) True
a) absence of lysosomes b) False
b) absence of a single lysosome
c) absence of integral membrane proteins
Endocytosis
d) accumulation of lipofuschin granules
1. Endocytosis and phagocytosis refer to
13. Gaucher disease is caused due to
the same process.
deficiency of ______________
a) True
a) hexosaminidase A
b) False
b) lysosomes
2. Which of the following is a type of
c) glucocerebrosidase
endocytosis?
d) mannose phophate
a) Pinocytosis
b) Phagocytosis
Plant cell vacuole
c) Receptor-mediated endocytosis
1. 90% of the volume of a plant cell is
d) All of the mentioned
occupied by the vacuole.
3. The process in which cell uptakes
a) True
extracellular material bound to cell surface
b) False
receptors is known as
2. In plant cells, by-products of the
__________________
metabolic pathways are stored in
a) phagocytosis
_____________
b) pinocytosis
a) vacuole
c) receptor–mediated endocytosis
b) mitochondrion
d) bulk–phase endocytosis
c) chloroplast
4. Receptor–mediated endocytosis (RME)
d) nucleus
leads to the formation of ___________
3. Which of the following is a toxic by-
coated pits.
product stored in the plant cell vacuole that
a) clathrin
is clinical importance?
b) lipid
a) oxytocin
c) lysosome
b) sialic acid
d) mannose
c) digitalis
5. A molecule of clathrin has a
d) tonoplast
______________ structure.
4. Tonoplast is a ___________
a) triskelion
a) membrane
b) spherical
b) toxic compound
c) cylindrical
c) sphingolipid
d) polygonal endocytosis, reach after travelling through
6. Which adaptor molecule operate in the late endosome?
clathrin–mediated endocytosis? a) nucleus
a) GGA b) lysosome
b) AP1 c) mitochondria
c) AP2 d) early endosome
d) Sar1 14. ‘Niemann–Pick type C disease’ is
7. Dynamin is a _____________________ caused due to deficiency of a specific
a) adaptor molecule ________________
b) accessory protein a) protein
c) integral membrane protein b) receptor
d) phospholipids c) ligand
8. Receptor down regulation leads to a d) gene
decrease in the sensitivity of the cell 15. Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits
towards further stimulation. the fusion of its phagosome with
a) True _________________ following
b) False phagocytosis.
9. Following internalization, vesicle–bound a) membrane
materials are transported to b) lysosome
_________________ c) endosome
a) nucleus d) chromosome
b) peroxisomes
c) lysosomes Post-translational Uptake
d) endosomes 1. Eough endoplasmic reticulum imports
10. Late endosomes are located near the its proteins posttranslationally.
_____________ a) True
a) membrane b) False
b) nucleus 2. For which of the following organelles,
c) mitochondria the proteins to be imported remain in their
d) peroxisomes native folded state?
11. Transformation from an early to a late a) Peroxisomes
endosome is characterized by a decrease in b) Mitochondrion
______________ c) Chloroplast
a) mobility d) Endoplasmic reticulum
b) lipid content 3. Most of the proteins of mitochondria are
c) pH synthesized in the ______________
d) protein content a) mitochondrial matrix
12. Receptors dissociate from their bound b) mitochondrial membrane
ligands as a result of ________________ c) cytosol
a) high H+ concentration d) medial cisternae
b) low H+ concentration 4. Mitochondrial matrix proteins have a
c) high Cl– concentration target sequence, called presequence
d) low Cl– concentration located at __________
13. Where do the materials ingested by a) N-terminus
b) C-terminus
c) interstitial site
d) center of the sequence
5. Hsp 70 and Hsp 90 are ____________
involved in the mitochondrial uptake of
proteins.
a) chaperones
b) receptors
c) ligands
d) glycolipids
6. Following its entry into the
mitochondrial matrix, the peptide is
_______________
a) degraded
b) converted to phagosome
c) folded to its native conformation
d) hydrolyzed
7. In how many subcompartments of the
chloroplasts, can the proteins be delivered?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
8. Most proteins destined for uptake by the
chloroplasts are synthesized with a
________________
a) removable C-terminal sequence
b) removable N-terminal sequence
c) removable hydrophobic tail
d) removable hydrophilic tail
9. ‘Stroma targeting domain’ is located in
the ________________
a) chloroplast
b) mitochondria
c) peptide
d) transit peptide