SDE Readiness Training

Empowering Tomorrow’s Innovators

 Module I
Java Software Development:
Effective Problem Solving

2 Collections in Java | © SmartCliff | Internal | Version 1.0

Control Flow Statements

Learning Level : Basics

DATE : 17.09.2024
 Contents

• Introduction

• Branching - Conditional

• Looping

• Nested Loop

• Branching – Unconditional

• Quiz

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 Control Flow Statements

Introduction

• Control flow is the order in which individual statements or instructions of a program are executed or
evaluated and Control flow statements is categorized as follows:

Control Statements

Sequential statement Branching Statement Looping Statement

for
Conditional Unconditional while
Statements Statements
Simple If do..while
break
If..else If..elseif..else
continue
Switch
case Nested if
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Introduction

• Sequential statements describe a sequence of actions that a program carries out one after another,
unconditionally.

• Execute a list of statements in order.

Example:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CircleArea {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the radius of the circle: ");
double radius = scanner.nextDouble();
double area = Math.PI * radius * radius;
System.out.println("The area of the circle with radius " + radius + " is: " + area);
scanner.close();
}
}

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Introduction

• Branching (Conditional) /Decision Making – To make decisions based on a given condition. If

the condition evaluates to True, a set of statements is executed, otherwise another set
of statements is executed. In Java, we have five types of decision making statements:

• if

• if…else

• if-else-if

• nested if

• switch

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Decision-Making : simple if

• Simple if: If the condition is true, the body of the if statement is executed. If it is false, the body

of the if statement is skipped.

if is a Java The condition must be a boolean expression.It

must evaluate to either true or false.
reserved word
• Syntax

if ( condition ){
statement(s);
}

If the condition is true, the statement(s) is/are executed.

If it is false, the statement(s) is/are skipped.

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Decision-Making : simple if

/** Output:
* The IfControlStructure class implements an application that
10
* Illustrate the if decision Making control statement
*/
class IfControlStructure{
public static void main(String[] args){
boolean isMoving=true;
int currentSpeed=10;
if(isMoving){
System.out.println(currentSpeed);
}
}
}

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Decision-Making : simple if

/**
*The SimpleIf class implements an application that checks the seat availability status for movie ticket booking using
*simple if decision Making control statement
*/
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SimpleIf {
public static void main(String[] args){
boolean seatAvailable = true; //Seat Available Status
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); //Scanner class object creation
System.out.println("Enter the Seat Number : ");
String SeatNumber = input.next(); //get Seat Number from User

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Decision-Making : simple if

if(seatAvailable){ //Check the availability of seat

System.out.println("Your have booked the seat number : "+SeatNumber);
}
input.close();
}
}

Output:
Enter the Seat Number : A32
Your have booked the seat number : A32

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Decision-Making : simple if - else

• if –else: If the condition is true, the body of the if statement is executed. If it is false, the body of

the false statement is executed.

• Syntax

if ( condition ){
if Body;
}
else{
else Body;
}

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Decision-Making : simple if - else

/** * The IfEsleControlStructure class implements an application that Illustrate Output:

the if ..else decision Making control statement */
class IfElseControlStructure{ The bicycle speed got reduced!
public static void main(String[] args){
boolean isMoving=true;
int currentSpeed=10;
if(isMoving){
currentSpeed--;
System.out.println("The bicycle speed got reduced!");
}
else{
System.out.println(“The bicycle has already stopped!”);
}
}
}
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Decision-Making : simple if - else

/** * The SimpleIfElse class implements an application that that checks the seat availability status for movie ticket
booking using the if ..else decision-Making control statement */

public class SimpleIfElse {

public static void main(String[] args){
boolean seatAvailable = false; //Seat Available Status
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); //Scanner class object creation
System.out.println("Enter the Seat Number : ");
String SeatNumber = input.next(); // get Seat Number from User
if(seatAvailable){ //Check the availability of seat
System.out.println("Your have booked the seat number : "+SeatNumber);
}

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Decision-Making : simple if - else

else { //if seat not available then display

System.out.println("Seat Numer "+SeatNumber+" is already booked");
}
input.close();
}
}

Output:
Enter the Seat Number : A22
Seat Numer A22 is already booked

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Decision-Making : simple if – else – if

• if-else-if: It is also called else-if ladder. Here execute any one block of statements among many blocks.

• Syntax

if ( condition 1){
statement 1;
}else if ( condition 2 ){
statement 2;
}else if (condition 3){
statement 3;
} else {
else Body
}

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Decision-Making : simple if – else – if

/** Output:
* The IfEsleIFControlStructure class implements an application that
Color Red!
* Illustrate the if ..elseif decision Making control statement */
class IfElseIFControlStructure{
public static void main(String[] args){
int colorValue=2;
if(colorValue==1)
System.out.println(“Color Blue!”);
else if(colorValue==2)
System.out.println(“Color Red!”);
else
System.out.println(“Color Green!”);
}
}

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Decision-Making : simple if – else – if

/**
* The IfElseIf class implements an application that display the cost of the specific seat category in movie ticket
booking using if ..elseif decision Making control statement for fixing the cost based on Movie Type */
import java.util.Scanner;
public class IfElseIf {
public static void main(String[] args){
String seattype;
System.out.println(“Type of seats Available\nREGULAR\nPREMIUM\nEXECUTIVE\nVIP\ choose any one of the
option : ");
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); //Scanner class object creation
seattype = input.next(); // get Seat Number from User
if (seattype.equals("REGULAR")) { //Display detail for REGULAR type
System.out.println("You have selected Executive Seat and cost is Rs.80");
}
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Decision-Making : simple if – else – if

else if (seattype.equals("PREMIUM")) { //Display detail for PREMIUM type

System.out.println("You have selected Premium Seat and cost is Rs.100");
}
else if (seattype.equals("EXECUTIVE")) { //Display detail for EXECUTIVE type
System.out.println("You have selected Regular Seat and cost is Rs.120");
} else if (seattype.equals("VIP")) { //Display detail for VIP type
System.out.println("You have selected VIP Seat and cost is Rs.150");
} else {
System.out.println("You have not selected any type");
}
input.close();
}
}
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Decision-Making : simple if – else – if

Output:
Type of seats Available
REGULAR
PREMIUM
EXECUTIVE
VIP
choose any one of the option : PREMIUM
You have selected Premium Seat and cost Rs.100

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Decision-Making : Nested if

• Nested if: Use more than if statement inside another if statement. The outer if statement condition true
means inside if statements execute.

• Syntax

if ( condition 1){
if ( condition 2 ){
Nested if Body
}else{
Nested else Body
}
}else
else Body
}
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Decision-Making : Nested if

/* * The NestedIfControlStructure class implements an application that Output:

* Illustrate the nestedif decision Making control statement */
class NestedIFControlStructure{
Not eligible because
public static void main(String[] args){ you are underage
int age=15;
int weight=50;
if(age>18) {
if(weight>50)
System.out.println(“You are eligible to denote blood”);
else
System.out.println(“Not eligible because you are under weight”);
} else
System.out.println(“Not eligible because you are under age”);
}
}

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Decision-Making : Nested if

/* * The Booking class implements an application that validates the login and check for the seat availability
* using nestedif decision Making control statement */
import java.util.*;
public class NestedIf {
public static void main(String[] args){
String username = "Sarvesh",password = "sarvesh@123",usernameentered,passwordentered;
boolean seatAvailable = true;
String seatNumber;
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); //Scanner class object creation
System.out.println("Enter the Username : ");
username = input.next(); //getting the username
System.out.println("Enter the Password : ");
password = input.next(); //getting the username
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Decision-Making : Nested if

if (usernameentered.equals(username) && password.equals(password)) { //validate the user login

System.out.println("You have logged in and you can book a ticket now");
System.out.println("Enter the Seat Number : ");
seatNumber = input.next(); // get the seat number from the user
if (seatAvailable) { // check for seat availability status
System.out.println("Seat Number "+seatNumber+" you have chosen is available");
} else{
System.out.println("Your expected Seat Number "+seatNumber+" is not available");
}
} else{
System.out.println("You have to login for booking the ticket");
} input.close();
}}
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Decision-Making : Nested if

Output:
Enter the Username : Sarvesh
Enter the Password : sarvesh@123
You have logged in and you can book a ticket now
Enter the Seat Number : A10
Seat Number A10 you have chosen is available

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 Control Flow Statements

Decision-Making : switch - case

• switch-case: Select one of many possible statements to execute. It gives alternate for
long if..else..if ladders which improves code readable.

• Syntax

switch ( expression ) {
case value1 :
statement-list1;
break;
case value2 :
statement-list 2;
break;
default:
statement-list 3;
break;
}
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Decision-Making : switch - case

Note:

• In switch, Case value must be in expression type only and case values must be unique.

• Expression must be of byte, short, int, long, enums and string.

• Each case break statement is optional. It helps terminate from switch expression. If a break

statement is not found, it executes the next case.

• The case value can have a default label which is optional.

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Decision-Making : switch - case

/** The SwitchControlStructure class implements an application that

* Illustrate switch decision Making control statement */
class SwitchControlStructure{
public static void main(String[] args){
int letter='A';
switch(letter){
case 'a':
System.out.println("Lowercase Letter");
break;
case 'A':
System.out.println("Uppercase Letter");
break;

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Decision-Making : switch - case

default:
System.out.println("Invalid Letter");
break;
}
}

Output:
Uppercase Letter

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Decision-Making : switch - case

/** The SwitchCase class implements an application that demonstrate the movie searching by different types of languages
* using switch decision Making control statement Searching the Movie detail by Title, Language, ReleaseDate, Genre*/
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SwitchCase {
public static void main(String[] args){
System.out.println("Enter the type to be search \n1. Search by Title \n2. Search by Language \n3. Search by Release
Date \n4. Search by Genre \nEnter the Choice (1/2/3/4)");
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); //Scanner class object creation
int choice = input.nextInt(); //getting the choice from user
switch(choice){
case 1:
System.out.println("Your searching choice is Movies by Title");
break;
case 2:
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Decision-Making : switch - case

System.out.println("Your searching choice is Movies by Language");

break;
case 3:
System.out.println("Your searching choice Movies by Release Date");
break;
case 4:
System.out.println("Your searching choice Movies by Genre");
break;
default:
System.out.print("Your choice is wrong. Please enter the correct choice ");
}
input.close();
}
}
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Decision-Making : switch - case

Output:
Enter the type to be search
1. Search by Title
2. Search by Language
3. Search by Release Date
4. Search by Genre
2
Your searching choice is Movies by Languagec

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Looping - Introduction

• Loop/ iterative statements are used for executing a block of statements repeatedly until a particular

condition is satisfied.

• In Java, we have following loop statements:

• while

• do…while

• for

• for…each

• Nested loops (for, while, do…while)

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Looping - Introduction

Four Looping Elements

• Initialization: To set initial value to the iteration variable at the very start of the loop.

• Condition: Test condition is evaluate and give boolean ( 0 or 1) value as a result.

• Loop-body: If the test condition is true, the body of the loop runs once.

• Updation: Increment/decrement statement executes just after executing the body, and then the

program goes back to the test condition.

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Looping - while

• while: It is used to rrepeat a specific block of code. It is preferable while we do not know the exact

number of iterations of loop beforehand.

• Syntax

while (condition){
statement(s)
}

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Looping - while

/**
* The WhileStructure class implements an application that
* Illustrate While Looping control statement
*/
class WhileStructure{
public static void main(String[] args){
int counter = 1;
while (counter < 11)
{
System.out.println("Count is: " + counter);
counter++;
}
}
}

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Looping - while

Output:
Count is: 1
Count is: 2
Count is: 3
Count is: 4
Count is: 5
Count is: 6
Count is: 7
Count is: 8
Count is: 9
Count is: 10

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Looping - while

/**
* The ShowSeat class implements an application that display the current seat availability
* using While Looping control statement
*/
public class ShowSeat {
public static void main (String args[]){
int MaxSeatCount = 10, seatCount = 0;
while(seatCount < MaxSeatCount){
System.out.println(“Current Seat Availability : "+(MaxSeatCount-seatCount));
seatCount++;
}
System.out.println("Seats are Filled");
}
}
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Looping - while

Output:
Current Seat Availability : 10
Current Seat Availability : 9
Current Seat Availability : 8
Current Seat Availability : 7
Current Seat Availability : 6
Current Seat Availability : 5
Current Seat Availability : 4
Current Seat Availability : 3
Current Seat Availability : 2
Current Seat Availability : 1
Seats are Filled

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Looping - do - while

• do-while: Executes the statement first and then checks for the condition. It is also called an

exit-controlled loop.

• Syntax

do {

statement(s)

} while (condition);

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Looping - do - while

/**
* The DoWhileStructure class implements an application that that checks the seat availability
* status for movie ticket booking and Illustrate do..while Looping control statement
*/
class DoWhileStructure{
public static void main(String[] args){
int counter = 1;
do {
System.out.println("Count is: " + counter);
counter++;
} while (counter < 11)
}
}

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Looping - do - while

Output:
Count is: 1
Count is: 2
Count is: 3
Count is: 4
Count is: 5
Count is: 6
Count is: 7
Count is: 8
Count is: 9
Count is: 10

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Looping - do - while

/**
* The ShowSeat class implements an application that that checks the seat
* availability status for movie ticket booking using do.. while Looping control statement */
public class ShowSeat {
public static void main (String args[]){
int MaxSeatCount = 5, seatCount = 0;
do{
System.out.println("Current Seat Availability : "+(MaxSeatCount-seatCount));
seatCount++;
} while(seatCount < MaxSeatCount);
System.out.println("Seats are Filled");
}
}

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Looping - do - while

Output:
Current Seat Availability : 5
Current Seat Availability : 4
Current Seat Availability : 3
Current Seat Availability : 2
Current Seat Availability : 1
Seats are Filled

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 Control Flow Statements

Looping - for

• for: When you know exactly how many times you want to loop through a block of code, use
the for loop instead of a while loop

• Syntax
for (initialization; condition ; updation) {
statement(s)
}

Initialization : Initializes the loop; it's executed once.

Condition : Evaluates till the condition becomes false.

Updation : Increment / Decrement the value. Executed

(every time) after the code block is executed.
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Looping - for

/**

* The ForStructure class implements an application that

* Illustrate ForLooping control statement

*/

class ForStructure{

public static void main(String[] args) {

for(int count = 1; count<10; count++) {

System.out.println("Count is: " + count);

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Looping - for

Output:
Count is: 1
Count is: 2
Count is: 3
Count is: 4
Count is: 5
Count is: 6
Count is: 7
Count is: 8
Count is: 9

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Looping - for

/**

* The ShowSeat class implements an application that that checks the seat availability status for

* movie ticket booking using For Looping control statement

*/
class ShowSeat{
public static void main (String args[]){
int MaxSeatCount = 5, seatCount = 0;
for(seatCount=0;seatCount < MaxSeatCount;seatCount++){
System.out.println("Current Seat Availability : "+(MaxSeatCount-seatCount));
}
System.out.println("Seats are Filled");
}
}
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Looping - for

Output:
Current Seat Availability : 5
Current Seat Availability : 4
Current Seat Availability : 3
Current Seat Availability : 2
Current Seat Availability : 1
Seats are Filled

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 Control Flow Statements

Looping - for - each

• for-each: It’s commonly used to iterate over an array or a Collections class. It is also called

enhanced for loop.

• Syntax:
for (type var : arrayName) {
statements;
}

• It is used to iterate over the elements of a collection without knowing the index of each element.

• It is immutable which means the values which are retrieved during the execution of the loop are read

only

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Looping - for - each

/**
* The ForEachApp class implements an application that
* illustrate foreach looping Structure
*/
class ForEachApp{
public static void main (String args[]){
int[] marks = { 125, 132, 95, 116, 110 };
int maxSoFar = marks[0];
//for each loop

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Looping - for - each

for (int indexValue : marks){

if (indexValue > maxSoFar){
maxSoFar = indexValue;
}
}
System.out.println("The highest score is " +maxSoFar);
}
}

Output:
The highest score is 132

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Looping - for - each

/**
* The ForEach class implements an application that list the movie based on their Genre
* using foreach looping Structure
*/
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ForEach {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String MovieName[] = {"AAA","BBB","CCC","DDD"};
String MovieGenre[] = {"ACTION","COMEDY","THRILLER","ACTION"};
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in); //Scanner class object creation
System.out.println("Enter the Genre to be searched : ");
String Genre = input.next();
int counter = 0;
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Looping - for - each

System.out.println(Genre + " Movies are"); Output:

for (String M : MovieGenre ) { Enter the Genre to be searched :
ACTION
if(M.equals(Genre)) {
ACTION Movies are
System.out.println(MovieName[counter]);
} AAA
counter++; DDD
}
input.close();
}
}

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Nested Loop

• Nested Loop: A loop inside another loop is called a nested loop. The number of loops depend on the

requirement of a problem. It contains outer loop and inner loop. For each iteration of outer loop the inner

loop executes completely.

• Syntax

while(condition) {
for (initialization; condition; updation) { do { ……….
statements(s)
…….. statement(s)
while(condition) {
for (initialization; condition; updation) { do {
statement(s) statement(s)
statement(s)
……. ………
……..
} } while(condition);
}
………. ……….
………..
} } while(condition);
}

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Nested Loop

/**
* The NestedWhileApp class implements an application that
* illustrate nested while loop */
class NestedWhileAPP{
public static void main (String args[]){
int outerLoop=1,innerLoop=1;
whlie(outerLoop<=5){
while(innerLoop<=5){
System.out.print(“*”);
innerLoop++;
}

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Nested Loop

System.out.println(“ “);
outerLoop++;
innerLoop=1;
}
}
}

Output:
*****
*****
*****
*****
*****

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Nested Loop

/**
* The NestedWhile class implements an application that demonstrate the seat availability while the seats are getting
booked in multiple screens using nested while loop */
class NestedWhile{
public static void main (String args[]){
int MaxSeatCount = 5, TotalScreenCount = 2, seatCount = 0, screenCount = 0;
while(screenCount < TotalScreenCount){
seatCount = 0;
System.out.println("Screen "+(screenCount+1)+" Availability details");
while(seatCount < MaxSeatCount){
System.out.println("Current Seat Availability : "+(MaxSeatCount-seatCount));
seatCount++;
}
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Nested Loop

System.out.println("Seats Filled in Screen "+(screenCount+1)); Output:

screenCount++; Screen 1 Availability details

} Current Seat Availability : 5

Current Seat Availability : 4
}
Current Seat Availability : 3
}
Current Seat Availability : 2
Current Seat Availability : 1
Seats Filled in Screen 1
Screen 2 Availability details
Current Seat Availability : 5
Current Seat Availability : 4
Current Seat Availability : 3
Current Seat Availability : 2
Current Seat Availability : 1
Seats Filled in Screen 2
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Nested Loop

/** Output:
* The Nested DoWhileApp class implements an application that illustrate nested do…while loop */
class NestedDoWhileApp {
111222333
public static void main (String args[]){
int outerLabel= 1;
do {
int innerLabel = 1;
do{
System.out.print(outerLabel);
innerLabel++;

} while (innerLabel <= 3);

outerLabel++;
} while (outerLabel <= 3);
}
}

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Nested Loop

/**
* The NestedDoWhile class implements an application that demonstrate the seat availability while the seats are
getting booked in multiple screens using nested do…while loop */
class NestedDoWhile{
public static void main (String args[]){
int MaxSeatCount = 10, TotalScreenCount = 2, seatCount = 0, screenCount = 0;
do{
System.out.println("Screen "+(screenCount+1)+" Availability details");
seatCount = 0;
do{
System.out.println(“Current Seats Availability : "+(MaxSeatCount-seatCount));
seatCount++;
} while(seatCount < MaxSeatCount);
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 Control Flow Statements

Nested Loop

System.out.println("Seats Filled in Screen "+(screenCount+1)); Output:

screenCount++; Screen 1 Availability details
} while(screenCount < TotalScreenCount); Current Seat Availability : 5
} Current Seat Availability : 4

} Current Seat Availability : 3

Current Seat Availability : 2
Current Seat Availability : 1
Seats Filled in Screen 1
Screen 2 Availability details
Current Seat Availability : 5
Current Seat Availability : 4
Current Seat Availability : 3
Current Seat Availability : 2
Current Seat Availability : 1
Seats Filled in Screen 2
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Nested Loop

/**
* The Nested ForApp class implements an application that
* illustrate nested for looping structure
*/
class NestedForApp
{
public static void main (String args[])
{
int rows = 5;
// outer loop

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Nested Loop

for (int i = 1; i <= rows; ++i){ Output:

// inner loop to print the numbers 1
for (int j = 1; j <= i; ++j) { 12
System.out.print(j + " "); 123
}
1234
System.out.println("");
12345
}
}
}

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Nested Loop

/**
* The NestedFor class implements an application that demonstrate the seat availability while the seats are getting
booked in multiple screens and illustrate nested for looping structure
*/

class NestedFor{

public static void main (String args[]){

int MaxSeatCount = 5, TotalScreenCount = 2, seatCount = 0, screenCount = 0;

System.out.println("Screen "+(screenCount+1)+" Availability details");

for(screenCount=0;screenCount < TotalScreenCount;screenCount++){

for(seatCount=0;seatCount < MaxSeatCount;seatCount++){

System.out.println("Current Seat Availability "+(MaxSeatCount-seatCount));

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Nested Loop

} Output:
Screen 1 Availability details
System.out.println("Seats Filled in Screen "+(screenCount+1));
Current Seat Availability : 5
}
Current Seat Availability : 4
}
Current Seat Availability : 3
} Current Seat Availability : 2
Current Seat Availability : 1
Seats Filled in Screen 1
Screen 2 Availability details
Current Seat Availability : 5
Current Seat Availability : 4
Current Seat Availability : 3
Current Seat Availability : 2
Current Seat Availability : 1
Seats Filled in Screen 2
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 Control Flow Statements

Branching - Unconditional

• Branching (Unconditional) - To transfers the control from one part of the program to another part

without any condition.

• In Java, we have the following unconditional statements:

• break

• labelled break

• continue

• labelled continue

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• break: When a break statement is encountered inside a loop, the loop is immediately terminated and

the program control resumes at the next statement following the loop.

• The Java break is used to break loop or switch statement. It breaks the current flow of the program

at specified condition. In case of inner loop, it breaks only inner loop.

• Break statement use all types of loops such as for loop, while loop and do-while loop.

• Syntax
break;

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Branching - Unconditional

/** Output:

* The BreakApp class implements an application that Count is: 1

* illustrate Break branching statement Count is: 2
*/ Count is: 3
class BreakApp{
Count is: 4
public static void main (String args[]){
for(int count = 1;count<10;count++) {
if(count ==5)
break; //exit from the current loop
System.out.println("Count is: " + count);
}
}

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Branching - Unconditional

/**

* The UnconditionalBreak class implements an application that demonstrate the seat availability while the seats are
getting booked assuming that the VIP seats are already reserved using Break branching statement

*/
class UnconditionalBreak {
public static void main (String args[]){
int premiumSeat = 5, vipSeat = 5, seatBooked = 0;
int totalSeat = premiumSeat + vipSeat;
for(seatBooked = 0;seatBooked < totalSeat;seatBooked++) {
if(seatBooked > premiumSeat) {

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Branching - Unconditional

System.out.println("All PREMIUM Seats Booked ");

System.out.println("All VIP Seats 1 to 5 are Reserved ");
break; //exit from the current loop

else {
System.out.println(“PREMIUM Seat Availability : "+(premiumSeat - seatBooked));
}
}
}
}

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Branching - Unconditional

Output:
PREMIUM Seat Availability : 5
PREMIUM Seat Availability : 4
PREMIUM Seat Availability : 3
PREMIUM Seat Availability : 2
PREMIUM Seat Availability : 1
All PREMIUM Seats Booked
All VIP Seats 6 to 10 are Reserved

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Branching - Unconditional

• continue: When you need to jump to the next iteration of the loop immediately.

• It continues the current flow of the program and skips the remaining code at the specified condition.

In case of an inner loop, it continues the inner loop only.

• Continue statement use all types of loops such as for loop, while loop and do-while loop.

• Syntax:
continue;

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Branching - Unconditional

/** Output:
* The ContinueApp class implements an application that Count is: 1
* illustrate Continue branching statement Count is: 2
*/ Count is: 3
class ContinueApp { Count is: 4
Count is: 6
public static void main (String args[]) {
Count is: 7
for(int count = 1;count<10;count++) {
Count is: 8
if(count ==5) Count is: 9
continue;
System.out.println("Count is: " + count);
}
}

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Branching - Unconditional

/**
* The UnconditionalContinue class implements an application that demonstrate the seat availability while the seats are
getting booked assuming that the VIP seats are already reserved using Continue branching statement
*/
class UnconditionalContinue {
Public static void main (String args[]){
int executiveSeat = 5, premiumSeat = 5, vipSeat = 5, seatBooked = 0;
int totalSeat = regularSeat + executiveSeat + premiumSeat + vipSeat;
for(seatBooked = 0;seatBooked < totalSeat;seatBooked++) {
if(seatBooked < (vipSeat)){
System.out.println("All VIP Seats 1 to 5 are Reserved ");
continue;
}

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Branching - Unconditional

if(seatBooked < vipSeat + premiumSeat) { Output:

All VIP Seats 1 to 5 are Reserved
System.out.println(“PREMIUM Seat No : "+(seatBooked+1));
All VIP Seats 1 to 5 are Reserved
} All VIP Seats 1 to 5 are Reserved
All VIP Seats 1 to 5 are Reserved
if(seatBooked < (vipSeat + premiumSeat + executiveSeat)) {
All VIP Seats 1 to 5 are Reserved
System.out.println("EXECUTIVE Seat No : "+(seatBooked+1)); PREMIUM Seat No : 6
PREMIUM Seat No : 7
}
PREMIUM Seat No : 8
} PREMIUM Seat No : 9
PREMIUM Seat No : 10
}
Executive Seat No : 11
} Executive Seat No : 12
Executive Seat No : 13
Executive Seat No : 14
Executive Seat No : 15

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Branching - Unconditional

• Labeled Loop: In java, use labels with break and continue. A Label is used to identify a block of code.
In case of multiple loop involved use labeled loop to transfer any specific loop with help of labels.

Loop without Label Loop with Label

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Branching - Unconditional

/** * The LabeledBreakApp class implements an application that * illustrate Labeled Break */
Output:
class LabeledBreakApp{
00
public static void main(String args[]){
01
first: // First label 02
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { 10
second: // Second label
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
if (1== i && 1 == j) {
// Using break statement with label
break first;
}
System.out.println(i + " " + j);
}
}
}
}
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Branching - Unconditional

/** * The LabeledBreakApp class implements an application that illustrate Labeled Break */
public class LabelledBreak {
public static void main (String args[]){
int MaxSeatCount = 10, TotalScreenCount = 2, seatCount = 0, screenCount = -1;
Start:
//System.out.println(screenCount);
while(screenCount < TotalScreenCount){
screenCount++;
System.out.println("Screen "+(screenCount+1)+" Seat Booked detail");
seatCount=0;
while(seatCount < MaxSeatCount){
if(seatCount >3 && screenCount == 1) {
System.out.println("Seat No 4 & 5 are Reserved");

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Branching - Unconditional

break Start;
}
else
System.out.println("Seats No Booked : "+(seatCount+1));
seatCount++;
}
System.out.println("All Seats Filled in Screen "+(screenCount+1));
}
}
}

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Branching - Unconditional

Output:
Screen 1 Seat Booked detail
Seats No Booked : 1
Seats No Booked : 2
Seats No Booked : 3
Seats No Booked : 4
Seats No Booked : 5
All Seats Filled in Screen 1
Screen 2 Seat Booked detail
Seats No Booked : 1
Seats No Booked : 2
Seats No Booked : 3
Seat No 4 & 5 are Reserved
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Branching - Unconditional

/*** The LabeledContinueApp class implements an application that illustrate LabeledContinue loop */
Output:
class LabeledContinueApp {
00
public static void main(String args[]){ 01
first: // First label 02
for (int i = 0 ; i < 3; i++) { 10
second: // Second label 20
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) { 21
if (1 == i && 1 == j) { 22
// Using continue statement with label
continue second;
}
System.out.println(i + " " + j);
}
}
}
}
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Branching - Unconditional

/*** The LabeledContinueApp class implements an application that illustrate LabelledContinue loop */
public class LabelledContinue {
public static void main (String args[]){
int MaxSeatCount = 5, TotalScreenCount = 2, seatCount = 0, screenCount = 0;

SkipScreen:
//System.out.println(screenCount);
while(screenCount < TotalScreenCount){

System.out.println("Screen "+(screenCount)+" Ticket Booking detail");

seatCount=0;
SkipSeat:
while(seatCount < MaxSeatCount){
seatCount++;
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Branching - Unconditional

if((seatCount == 2 || seatCount == 3) && screenCount == 1) {

System.out.println("Seat No "+seatCount+" is Reserved");
continue SkipSeat;
}
else
System.out.println("Seats No Booked : "+(seatCount));

}
System.out.println("All Seats Filled in Screen "+(screenCount+1));
screenCount++;
}
}
}

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Branching - Unconditional

Output:
Screen 1 Ticket Booking detail
Seats No Booked : 1
Seats No Booked : 2
Seats No Booked : 3
Seats No Booked : 4
Seats No Booked : 5
All Seats Filled in Screen 1
Screen 2 Ticket Booking detail
Seats No Booked : 1
Seat No 2 is Reserved
Seat No 3 is Reserved
Seats No Booked : 4
Seats No Booked : 5
All Seats Filled in Screen 2

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 Control Flow Statements

Quiz

1. What do you call a statement that executes a certain

statement(s) ,if the condition is true, and executes a
different statement(s) if the condition is false?

a) if statement b) if else statement

c) if else if statement d) None of the Above

b) if else statement

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Quiz

2. From the given if-else statement, what will be displayed if the

value of num is 6?

if (num>0)
System.out.println(“Positive Number\n”);
else
System.out.println(“Negative Number\n”);
System.out.println(“The number is %d”,num);

a) Positive Number b) Negative Number

c) Positive Number
d) The number is 6
The number is 6

c) Positive Number
The number is 6
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Quiz

3. In switch case statement, what will be executed if there is no

case matched?

a) case b) break

c) default d) All the above

c) default

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Quiz

4. What is a java keyword used in switch statements that causes

immediate exit or that terminates the switch statement?

a) The case keyword b) The switch keyword

c) The default keyword d) The break keyword

d) The break keyword

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Quiz

5. Which of the following loops will execute the statements at

least once, even though the condition is false initially?

a) while b) do…while

c) for d) All the options

b) do…while

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Quiz

6. What value is stored in index at the end of this loop?

for(int index =1;index<=10;index++)

a) 1 b) 9

c) 10 d) 11

b) 11

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Quiz
7. Which of the following are true about the enhanced for loop?
A. It can iterate over an array or a Collection but not a Map.
B. Using an enhanced for loop prevents the code from going into
an infinite loop
C. Using an enhanced for loop on an array may cause infinite
loop.
D. An enhanced for loop can iterate over a Map.
E. You cannot find out the number of the current iteration while
iterating.

a) A,B,E b) A,B,C

c) B,C,E d) A,D,E

a) A,B,E

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Quiz
8. What is printed as a result of the following code segment?
for (int k = 0; k < 20; k+=2)
{
if (k % 3 == 1)
System.out.print(k + " ");
}

a) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 b) 4,6

c) 4,10,16 d) 0,6,12,18

c) 4,10,16

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Quiz

9. What is the output after the following code has been executed?

class FlowControl1 {

public static void main(String[] args){

int value1= 10, value2 = 20;

if (value1 < value2 ){

if (value2 > value2 )

System.out.println(“Hello Friend");

else

System.out.println(“ Happy Day!");

}
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 Control Flow Statements

Quiz
10. What is stored in the variable result after the following code has been
executed?
class FlowControl2{
public static void main(String args[]){
int index = 0;
int result = 1;
while ( true ){
++index;
if ( index % 2 == 0 )
continue;
else if ( index % 5 == 0 )
break;
result *= 3;
}
}
}

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 Control Flow Statements

Quiz

11. What is the output after the following code has been executed?

class FlowControl3 {

public static void main(String[] args){

boolean b = true;

if(!b) {

System.out.println("HELLO");

} else {

System.out.println("BYE");

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Quiz
12. What is the output after the following code has been executed?

class FlowControl4 {

public static void main(String[] args){

for (int i = 0; ; i++) {

System.out.println("HIII");

System.out.println("BYE");

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Quiz
13. What is stored in the result after the following code has been executed?

class Test {

public static void main(String[] args){

do {

System.out.print(1);

do {

System.out.print(2);

} while (false);

} while (false);

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 Action is the
foundational key to
all success
- Pablo Picasso

99 Collections in Java | © SmartCliff | Internal | Version 1.0

THANK YOU