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21 views

Untitled Document

Uploaded by

yashundre7767
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IR based security alarm circuit can detect any movement and trigger the alarm.

This circuit is
very useful in homes, banks, shops, restricted areas where an alert alarm is needed on any
movement. This circuit is based on IR sensor where an IR beam is continuously falling on a
photodiode, and whenever this Infrared beam breaks, by any kind of movement, alarm is
triggered.

IR sensor consist an IR LED and photodiode, in which IR LED emits IR radiation and
photodiode detects the radiation. Photodiode conducts current in reverse direction, whenever
light falls on it, and voltage across it changes, this voltage change is sensed by voltage
comparator (like LM358) and generates output accordingly. [Also check: IR Sensor Circuit]

In this IR based security alarm circuit, we have placed IR LED in front of photodiode, so that IR
light can directly falls on photodiode. Whenever someone moves through this beam, IR rays
stops falling on photodiode and Buzzer start beeping. Buzzer automatically stops after some
time, as buzzer is connected to 555 timer in monostable mode.

IR Working

This kind of Alarm can also be build Laser light, (like Laser Security Alarm Circuit) but the
benefit of using IR sensor is that IR light in invisible while Laser is visible. Although both are
useful and have different scope.

Components
IR pair (IR LED and Photodiode)
555 timer IC
IC LM358
Resistor 100, 10k, 100k, 330, 220 ohm
Capacitor 10uF
Variable resistor – 10k
Buzzer

Circuit Diagram and Explanation

We have used op-amp LM358 in this circuit, LM358 has two voltage comparators
inside it, and we have used one comparator here. Non-inverting end (PIN3) of
voltage comparator is connected to the Photodiode and inverting end (PIN 2) of
voltage comparator is connected to a variable resistor of 10k. Output of the
voltage comparator (PIN1) is fed to the Trigger pin of 555 timer. 555 Timer is
configured in monostable mode here.

While the IR radiation is falling on Photodiode, the voltage at the non-inverting

end (+) of voltage comparator is higher than the inverting end (-) and the output

of the comparator is HIGH. And as the comparator output is connected to the

trigger PIN of the 555 timer, so the when the Trigger pin 2 is high, the 555 output

is low. So during the period when the IR rays falls on Photodiode, the 555 timer
output remains LOW. To understand the working of IR sensor with comparator

LM358 go through this article: IR Sensor Module Circuit

Now when there is some movement, the falling of IR rays on Photodiode gets

interrupted and the voltage at inverting end (Threshold voltage) of voltage

comparator becomes higher than non-inverting end, for some moment. This

makes the output of comparator LOW and also makes the Trigger PIN 2 of 555

timer LOW. This will trigger the 555 timer, and 555 timer’s OUTPUT goes HIGH

and Buzzer beeps for short duration. Duration of the beep can be increased by

changing the value of resistor R1 or capacitor C1 (RC network in monostable

mode of 555 timer IC). Note that 555 IC gets triggered when Trigger PIN 2 gets

LOW.

Notes:

● Normally the range of IR LED is 2 meter, but it can be increased by using


Lens.
● AC alarm can be used in place of Buzzer, by using Relay.
● IR LED and Photodiode must be properly aligned so that IR rays can
directly falls on photodiode.
● The sensitivity of the sensor can be changed by variable resistor RV1

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