Question . Draw magnetic field lines around a bar magnet.

Name the device which is used to draw

Compass needle is used to draw magnetic field lines.

Question. State how the magnetic field produced by a straight current carrying conductor at a point
depends on
(a) current through the conductor
(b) distance of point from conductor.
Answer:Strength of magnetic field produced by a straight current-carrying wire at a given point is
(a) directly proportional to the current passing through it.
(b) inversely proportional to the distance of that point from the wire.

Question . Find the direction of magnetic field due to a current carrying circular coil held:
(i) vertically in North – South plane and an observer looking it from east sees the current to flow in
anticlockwise direction,
(ii) vertically in East – West plane and an observer looking it from south sees the current to flow in
anticlockwise direction,
(iii) horizontally and an observer looking at it from below sees current to flow in clockwise direction .
Answer:According to right hand rule, the direction of magnetic field is
(i) west to east
(ii) north to south
(iii) into the paper.

Question .(a) State Right Hand Thumb rule to find the direction of the magnetic field around a
current carrying straight conductor.
(b) How will the magnetic field be affected on:
(i) increasing the current through the conductor
(ii) reversing the direction of flow of current in the conductor?
Answer:(a) It states that you are holding a current carrying straight conductor in your right hand
such that the thumb points towards the direction of current. Then your finger will wrap around the
conductor in the direction of the field lines of the magnetic field.

(b) (i) If the current is increased, the magnetic field strength also increases.
(ii) If the direction of current is reversed, the direction of magnetic field also get reversed.

Question .What are magnetic field lines? List three characteristics of these lines. Describe in brief
an activity to study the magnetic field lines due to a current carrying circular oil.
Answer:Magnetic field lines : These are the imaginary close curves which are used to represent
the magnetic field around the magnet.
The properties of the magnetic field lines are listed below:
  Magnetic field lines start at the north pole and end at the south pole.
 Magnetic field lines do not intersect each other, because there cant be two directions of the
magnetic field at any one point.
 The degree of closeness of the field lines depends upon the strength of the magnetic field.
Stronger the field, closer are the field lines.

In order to find the magnetic field due to a coil, it is held in a vertical plane and is made to pass
through a smooth cardboard in such a way that the centre (O) of the coil lies at the cardboard. A
current is passed through the coil and iron filings are sprinkled on the cardboard. These iron
filings arrange themselves in a pattern similar to one shown in the figure. This pattern represents
the magnetic field lines due to the coil.

In order to find the direction of magnetic field lines, we plot the magnetic field with the help of a
compass needle. The pattern of magnetic field lines so obtained is shown in figure (b). From this
pattern, the following important conclusion have been drawn.

The magnetic field lines near the coil are nearly circular and concentric. This is due to the reason
that the segments of the coil in contact with the board at the points A and B are almost like
straight conductors. The direction of the field lines can also be found by applying right-hand
thumb rule.

 The field lines are in the same direction in the space enclosed by the coil.
 Near the centre of the coil, the field lines are nearly straight and parallel. As such the
magnetic field at the centre of the coil can be taken to be uniform.
 The direction of the magnetic field at the centre is perpendicular to the plane of the coil.
 As we move towards the centre of the coil, the strength of magnetic field increases.
Magnetic field is maximum at its centre. This is due to the reason that the two magnetic
field (one due to the semicircular segment of the coil through A and the other due to the
semicircular segment through B) assist each other.

The magnitude of the magnetic field at the centre of the coil is directly proportional to the current
flowing through it and total number of turns and inversely proportional to the radius of the coil.
This is due to the reason that the current in all the circular turns of the coil is in the same
direction. As such, the resultant magnetic field due to the coil is equal to the sum of the field due
to all these turns.

Question .What are magnetic field lines? Justify the following statements:
(a) Two magnetic field lines never intersect each other.
(b) Magnetic field are closed curves.
Answer:Imaginary continuous closed curves used to represent the magnetic field in a region is
known as magnetic field lines. It is directed from north pole to south pole outside the magnet and
south pole to north pole inside the magnet.

(a) The direction of magnetic field (B) at any point is obtained by drawing a tangent to the
magnetic field line at that point. In case, two magnetic field lines intersect each other at the point
P as shown in figure, magnetic field at P will have two directions, shown by two arrows, one
drawn to each magnetic field line at P, which is not possible.

(b) It is taken by convention that the field lines emerges from north pole and merge at the south
pole. Inside the magnet, the direction of field lines is from its south pole to its north pole. Thus,
the magnetic field lines are closed curves.

Question .A current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field. Now answer the following.
(i) List the factors on which the magnitude of force experienced by conductor depends.
(ii) When is the magnitude of this force maximum?
(iii) State the rule which helps, in finding the direction of motion of conductor.
(iv) If initially this force was acting from right to left, how will the direction of force change if:
(a) direction of magnetic field is reversed?
(b) direction of current is reversed?
Answer:(i) When a current carrying wire is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a magnetic
force that depends on
(a) current flowing in the conductor
(b) strength of magnetic field
(c) length of the conductor
(d) angle between the element of length and the magnetic field.

(ii) Force experienced by a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field is largest when
the direction of current is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic field.

(iii) The rule used in finding the direction of motion of the conductor placed in a magnetic field is
Flemings left hand rule.
Fleming’s left hand rule is as follows:
Stretch out the thumb, the forefinger, and the second (middle) finger of the left hand so that these
are at right angles to each other. If the forefinger gives the direction of the magnetic field (N to S),
the second (middle) finger the direction of current then the thumb gives the direction of the force
acting on the conductor.
(iv) (a) Direction of force will be reversed when direction of magnetic field is reversed, i.e., now
force on conductor will act from left to right.

(b) Direction of force will be reversed, if the direction of current is reversed, i.e., the force on the
conductor will act from left to right.

Question .
State whether an alpha particle will experience any force in a magnetic field if (alpha particles are
positively charged particles)
(i) it is placed in the field at rest.
(ii) it moves in the magnetic field parallel to field lines.
(iii) it moves in the magnetic field perpendicular to field lines.
Justify your answer in each case.
Answer:
(i) No, alpha particle will not experience any force if it is at rest, because only moving charge
particle can experience force when placed in a magnetic field.
(ii) No, alpha particle will not experience any force if it moves in the magnetic field parallel to field
lines because charge particle experiences force only when it moves at an angle other than 0°
with magnetic field.
(iii) Alpha particle will experience a force in the direction perpendicular to the direction of
magnetic field and direction of motion of alpha particle.

Question .
Mention and explain the function of an earth wire. Why it is necessary to earth metallic
appliances?
Answer:
Many electric appliances of daily use like electric press, heater, toaster, refrigerator, table fan etc.
have a metallic body. If the insulation of any of these appliances melts and makes contact with
the metallic casing, the person touching it is likely to receive a severe electric shock. This is due
to the reason that the metallic casing will be at the same potential as the applied one. Obviously,
the electric current will flow through the body of the person who touches the appliance. To avoid
such serious accidents, the metal casing of the electric appliance is earthed. Since the earth
does not offer any resistance, the current flows to the earth through the earth wire instead of
flowing through the body of the person.