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Answer-Past Paper-Topic 7 Rate of Reaction - Enzymes - Equilibrium

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24 views6 pages

Answer-Past Paper-Topic 7 Rate of Reaction - Enzymes - Equilibrium

Uploaded by

王涛
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Topic 7-1 Rate of reaction

1 (Nov. 2002, paper 3. Q2)


(c) (i) rate decreases or becomes zero [1]
concentration of H2O2 decreases [1]
less collision [1]

(ii) steeper initial gradient [1]


double final volume [1]

(iii) initial gradient less [1]


Final volume the same [1]
must relate to shape of graph

2 (June 2002, paper 6. Q3)


(a) (i) to keep magnesium from contacting with the acid before collecting gas....[1]
(ii) to measure volume of gas [1] NOT collect gas
(b) Shake the flask / let cotton go [1]
(c) excess –more than enough to react [1]
(d) All points correctly plotted [2] (-1 for each incorrect)
Smooth line graph [1]
(e) At two minutes (1) not no smooth curve (1)
(f) 15 cm3 ±1 (1) indication (1)
(g) curve below the original graph; level out at 40cm3 (1)

3. (Nov. 2004, P6, Q4)

(a) Graph points plotted correctly (3), -1 for each incorrect


straight line (1) [4]
(b) (i) temperature from graph (1) e.g. 12.5 C ± 0.5 (1)
o

indication (1) oC (1) [2]


(ii) temperature from graph (1) e.g. 4 C ± 0.5
o

Extrapolation (外延) shown (1) (2)


(c) endothermic (1)
(d) temperature changes would be smaller (1)
more water (1) [2]
(e) larger surface area (1) reacts/dissolves faster/easier (1) [2]
(f) 22 - 24 C/room temperature (1) reaction finished (1)
o
[2]
(g) use a burette/pipette instead of measuring cylinder/insulation/lids/lags [1]

1
4. (Nov. 2005, P6, Q4)
Table of results:
volumes of gas correctly completed (21, 24, 39, 47 and 56)
- 1 for each incorrect [3]
(a) points correctly plotted in graph (3), - 1 for each incorrect
straight line (1) [4]
(b) experiment 2 (1)
not on line (1) [2]
(c) (i) experiment 5 (1)
(ii) strongest/more concentrated acid (1)
more collisions (1) [3]
(d) marble chip visible (1)
acid used up (1) [2]
(e) (i) e.g. size of chips different/starting the timer [1]
(ii) measure mass of chips/time individual experiments [1]

(Nov. 2007, P3, Q7)


7 (a) (i) lower concentration / concentration of acid is half that of experiment 1 (1)
fewer collisions or lower frequency of collision (1)

(ii) powdered so larger surface area (1)


so more collisions or higher frequency of collisions (1)
(between particles on solid surface and acid)

(iii) Temperature is increased


particles move faster, so collide more frequently (1)
more particles have enough energy to react / more particles have energy
above Ea,
more successful collisions (1)
(b) (i)

from origin (1)


gradient decreases until = 0
(1)
therefore has to be a curve

(ii) (1)

moles of HCl = (1)

CaCO3 (1)
0.005 mol HCl only reacts with 0.0025 moles of CaCO 3, 0.003>0.0025mol
2
OR 0.003 mole CaCO3 would need 0.006 moles of HCl 0.006 > 0.005 [1]

(iii) Note: We should calculate from the limiting reagent, HCl.

moles of CO2 = [1]

[Total: 13]
(Nov 2006, P3, Q7)
7 (a) (i) greater initial gradient [1]
Twice final volume [1]

(ii) less steep curve [1]


same final volume of hydrogen [1]
Explain: Mg + 2HCl MgCl2 + H2 (g)
Mg + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
Ethanoic acid is a weak acid, it is ionised partially, producing lower concentration of H +,
so Mg reacts more slowly (less steep curve)
As the H+ is used up, ethanoic acid will produce more H+ until all CH3COOH completely ionised.

(b) more particles in same volume/particles closer together [1]


greater frequency of collisions [1]

particles move faster, greater frequency of collisions [1]


particles have more energy to collide, more successful collisions [1]

(c) (i) glucose [1]


oxygen [1]
(ii) chlorophyll [1]
[TOTAL = 11]
6 (Nov. 2003, P3. Q2)
(a) (i) 40 (1)
80 or 40 (1)
1 (1)
(ii) particles move faster, frequency of collisions increases (1)
Particles have more energy to collide, more successful collisions (1) [2]
(iii) surface area is greatly increased (1)
more collisions
(iv) flour in flour mills or coal dust in coal mines [1]
(b) (i) collect and measure the volume of oxygen with time
(ii) measure rate of reaction in different light intensity [1]

3
8 (June 2005, P6, Q8)

Measure 50 cm3 (you decide the volume) of hydrogen peroxide solution (1)
add known mass (e.g. 1.0g) of copper(II) oxide (1)
measure the time taken (1) to produce 50 cm3 of oxygen gas (1)
repeat with same mass of chromium(III) oxide (1)
compare the time, the shorter the time, the better catalyst (1) [6]
注意：因为画曲线的方法比较复杂，可以比较生成相同体积的气体需要的时间。

9 (Nov. 2005, P2, Q3)

(a)

suitable graduated apparatus for gas collection;


flask + reactants + closed system;
correct labels (at least 2) [3]
(b) (i) A substance which speeds up the rate of a reaction , can be recovered,
chemically unchanged after the reaction [1]
(ii) X;
greatest gradient / steepest curve [2]
(iii) same amount of hydrogen peroxide used [1]
(iv) very high melting or boiling points/high densities/form coloured compounds
/form ions with different charges [2]
(c) particles (of hydrogen peroxide) move faster, greater frequency of collisions
Particles have more energy to collide, more successful collisions [2]
(d) (i) enzymes are from living things / enzymes can be denatured on heating
enzymes are proteins / enzymes specific for one reaction Any one [1]
(ii) D [1]
TOTAL 13

4
(June, 2005, p3,Q2)
2 (a) Zn + I2 = Zn2+ + 2I- [2]
(b) white precipitate [1]
dissolves in excess (only if precipitate mentioned) [1]
white precipitate [1]
dissolves in excess (only if precipitate mentioned) [1]

(c) (i) zinc final mass is not zero or other reason [1]
(ii) final mass of zinc bigger / less zinc used up [1]
gradient less steep or longer time or falls more slowly [1]
(iii) steeper gradient [1]
same loss of mass of zinc [1]
TOTAL = 10

Topic 7-2 Enzymes


1 (June 2002, P3. Q2)
(b) carbon dioxide and water
react to form glucose and oxygen
sunlight
chlorophyll [4]

(c) (i) Provide enzymes or zymase enzyme [1]


(ii) oxidises alcohol [1]
to ethanoic acid or vinegar [1]
ACCEPT anaerobic respiration
(iii) Above 35oC ‘Kills’ yeast
Rate slow down at lower temperature
Enzymes are denatured / most suitable temperature for enzymes
Any two [2]

2 (Nov 2001, paper 6. Q3)


3 (a) to increase surface area / ease of extraction, etc 1
(b) if hot, yeast is killed / enzymes are denatured 1
(c) spatula 1
(d) best temperature for yeast [1]
too cool the fermentation too slow / yeast is killed > 40ºC [1] 2
(e) to prevent air (oxygen) / bacteria entering 1
to allow CO2 to escape 1
(f) (i) 3 - 4 (1) days 2
(ii) 10 days 1
(iii) yeast dies [1]
no sugar / solution too concentrated re alcohol / orange juice all used up [1] 2

5
Topic 7-3 Reversible reactions and equilibrium
(Nov. 2005, P3, Q3)
(a) (i) same number of (gaseous) moles on both sides [1]
(ii) Equilibrium shifts to right [1]
I Increase in pressure favours side which produces smaller number of moles (of
gas)
or moves to side that tends to reduce pressure [1]
TOTAL = 10
4 (Nov. 2001, P3, Q1)
(b) (i) high temperature or heat
Equilibrium shifts to left which is endothermic [1]

OR high pressure
Backward reaction produces more moles of gaseous molecules [1]

(ii) Electrolysis [1]

5 (Nov. 2004, P3, Q3)


3 (a) (i) Rate of forward=rate of backward
or no change in concentration no change in concentration of reagents [1]

(ii) back reaction is endothermic or the forward reaction is exothermic [1]


Increase in temperature favours the endothermic reaction which is the back
reaction
or vice versa. [1]
(iii) increased rate of reaction [1]
molecules collide more frequently or concentration of molecules is increased
[1]

increased yield of CH3OH [1]


high pressure favours the side with few molecules (to reduce the pressure)
[1]

TOTAL = 9

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