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Past Paper-Topic 7 Rate and Equilibrium - Answer

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21 views

Past Paper-Topic 7 Rate and Equilibrium - Answer

Answer for Past Paper

Uploaded by

王涛
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic 7-1 Rate of reaction

Questions from IGCSE past papers


1 (Nov. 2002, paper 3. Q2)

2 (June 2002, paper 6. Q3)


(a) (i) to keep magnesium from contacting with the acid before collecting gas....[1]
(ii) to measure volume of gas [1] NOT collect gas
(b) Shake the flask / let cotton go [1]
(c) excess –more than enough to react [1]
(d) All points correctly plotted [2] (-1 for each incorrect)
Smooth line graph [1]
(e) At two minutes (1) not no smooth curve (1)
(f) 15 cm3 ±1 (1) indication (1)
(g) curve below the original graph; level out at 40cm3 (1)

3. (Nov. 2004, P6, Q4)

(a) Graph points plotted correctly (3), -1 for each incorrect


straight line (1) [4]
(b) (i) temperature from graph (1) e.g. 12.5 C ± 0.5 (1)
o

indication (1) oC (1) [2]


(ii) temperature from graph (1) e.g. 4oC ± 0.5
Extrapolation(外延) shown (1) (2)
(c) endothermic (1)
(d) temperature changes would be smaller (1)
more water (1) (2)
(e) larger surface area (1) reacts/dissolves faster/easier (1) [2]
(f) 22 - 24 C/room temperature (1) reaction finished (1)
o
[2]
(g) use a burette/pipette instead of measuring cylinder/insulation/lids/lags [1]

1
4. (Nov. 2005, P6, Q4)
Table of results:
volumes of gas correctly completed (21, 24, 39, 47 and 56)
- 1 for each incorrect [3]
(a) points correctly plotted in graph (3), - 1 for each incorrect
straight line (1) [4]
(b) experiment 2 (1)
not on line (1) [2]
(c) (i) experiment 5 (1)
(ii) strongest/more concentrated acid (1)
more collisions (1) [3]
(d) marble chip visible (1)
acid used up (1) [2]
(e) (i) e.g. size of chips different/starting the timer [1]
(ii) measure mass of chips/time individual experiments [1]

5 (June 2003, paper 6, Q2)


(a) because precipitate formed/goes cloudy (1)
sulphur (1) [2]
(b) reference to fair test/comparison/same depth [1]
(c) sodium thiosulphate/water 1st/2nd acid, last [1]
(d) (i) all points correct (3), -1 for any incorrect
smooth line (1)
label (1) [5]
(ii) line lower down (1)
does not touch other line (1) [2]
(e) times would be longer (1) because solution more spread out/reference to
surface area/depth (1) [2]
6 (Nov. 2003, paper 3. Q2)

2
(May/June 2004, P3, Q3)
8. (a) dissolved or solution in water (1)
NOT aqueous NOT soluble in water
l liquid and g gas (1) (1)
(b) 6 electrons in bond between two nitrogen atoms (1)
2 electrons on each nitrogen (1)
(c) (i) decreases or reaction stops or rate becomes zero [1]
(ii) concentration (1)
number of effective/successful collisions decreases (1)
used up or less chemical or less collisions etc [1] only
(iii) greater initial slope (1)
same final point (1)
(iv) greater surface area [1] TOTAL = [10]

(Nov. 2004, P6, Q2 and Nov 2002, P6. Q3)


6 (a) (i) smooth line/curve (1)
(ii) result at 60s (1)
not on curve or similar (1) [2]
(iii) calcium carbonate is being used up/acid gets more dilute (1) (1)

(b) (i) Points correctly plotted, (2)


-1 for each incorrect
(ii) point at 3 min
not on the smooth curve (2)
(iii) (carbon dioxide) gas given off [1]
(iv) to prevent loss of acid (spray) / only gas given off (1)
(v) at 5 minutes [1]
(vi) sketch graph below original graph
Leveling off at same mass [2]
TOTAL = 14

7 (June, 2004, P6, Q8)

8 (June 2005, P6, Q8)


same amount/measured volume of peroxide (1)
add known mass of metal oxide (1)
time (1) measure volume of oxygen (1)
repeat with other oxide (1) compare/conclusion (1) [6]

3
method will not work = 0

9 (Nov. 2005, P2, Q3)


(a) suitable graduated apparatus for gas collection;
flask + reactants + closed system;
correct labels (at least 2) [3]
(b) (i) substance which speeds up the rate of a reaction [1]
(ii) X;
slope or gradient greatest/produced most gas in named time interval below 70s
[2]
(iii) same amount of hydrogen peroxide used/all conditions kept the same [1]
(iv) very high melting or boiling points/high densities/form coloured compounds
/form ions with different charges owtte [2]
(c) particles (of hydrogen peroxide) move faster;
greater frequency of collisions [2]
(d) (i) enzymes are from living things/enzymes can be denatured/
enzymes specific for one reaction/enzymes are proteins [1]
(ii) D [1]
TOTAL 13

10 (June, 2005, p3,Q2)

Topic 7-2 Reversible reactions


1 (Nov. 2003, P3, Q1)

4
2 (Nov. 2005, P3, Q7)
(a) from methane [1]
and steam [1]
OR alkane [1]
cracking [1] [2]

(b)(i) iron [1]


5
(ii) lower temperature moves equilibrium to right [1]
because forward reaction is exothermic [1]
(c)(i) endothermic [1]
H—H endothermic [1]
exothermic
(ii) OR More heat given out bond forming than taken in bond breaking
Must mention bond breaking and forming [2]

More heat energy is given out when new bonds form than
energy taken in to break bonds [1]
–2328 + 945 + 1308 = –75(kJ) [1]

3 (Nov. 2005, P3, Q3)


(a)(i) concentration of BiCl3 decreases [2]
bismuth chloride used up ONLY [1]
(ii) concentration of products increases. [1]
(iii) reaction has come to equilibrium [1]
rates equal or no change in concentration [1]
(iv) equilibrium to left or favours backward reaction or
equilibrium moves to use up hydrochloric acid [1]
BiOCl used up or BiCl3 formed [1]
(b)(i) Same number of moles on
both sides [1]
(ii) move to right [1]
Increase in pressure favour the reaction which produces fewer gaseous molecules
[1]
TOTAL = 10

4 (Nov 2001, P3, Q1)


(b) (i) high temperature or heat [1]
back reaction endothermic or moves to left [1]

OR low pressure
left side has higher volume of gases or more moles of gas
(ii) electrolysis [1]

5 (Nov. 2004, P3, Q3)


3 (a) (i) concentration of reactants and products not change
or rates equal [1]
(ii) the forward reaction is exothermic or the back reaction is endothermic [1]
Increase in temperature favours the endothermic reaction which is the back
reaction or vice versa. [1]
(iii) greater rate [1]
molecules collide more frequently [1]

Higher yield [1]

6
high pressure favours the side with few molecules to reduce the pressure [1]
(b) (i) 2CH3OH + 3O2 = 2CO2 + 4H2O
CO2 and H2O [1]
balanced [1]
(ii) methyl ethanoate [1]
water [1]
(iii) Methanoic (acid) [1]

Topic 7-3 enzymes


1 (June 2002, P3. Q2)
(b) carbon dioxide and water 1
react to form glucose and oxygen 1
sunlight 1
chlorophyll 1
(c) (i) provide enzymes 1
(ii) oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid 1
(iii) enzymes are denatured at higher temperatures 1
OR rate slows down at lower temperatures 1

2 (Nov 2001, P6. Q3)


3 (a) to increase surface area / to increase ease of extraction /, etc 1
(b) if hot, yeast is killed 1
(c) spatula 1
(d) best temperature for yeast [1]
too cool the fermentation too slow / yeast is killed > 40ºC [1] 2
(e) to prevent air (oxygen) entering 1
to allow CO2 to escape 1
(f) (i) 3 - 4
days 2
(ii) 10 days 1
(iii) yeast dies [1]
sugar / orange juice is used up / too concentrated alcohol / [1] 2

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