UNIT I

1. What are the four basic components of steam power plant? Write the functions of
each component of the plant.
2. Draw the T-S diagram of Rankine cycle with regeneration and explain how it
increases the thermal efficiency?
3. Draw T-S diagram of Rankine cycle with reheating and explain.
4. What is the effect of regeneration on specific output, cycle efficiency and steam rate?
5. In a Rankine cycle, the steam at inlet to the turbine is saturated at a pressure of 35 bar
and the exhaust pressure is 0.2 bar. Determine the pump work, turbine work, Rankine
efficiency, condenser heat flow, dryness at the end of the expansion. Assume flow
rate of 9.5 kg/s.
6. A steam power plant operates on ideal Rankine cycle. The steam enters the turbine at
3 MPa, 3500C and is condensed in the condenser at a pressure of 75 kPa. Determine
the thermal efficiency, back work ratio and work ratio of this cycle.
7. A steam power plant has boiler and condenser pressures of 60 bar and 0.1 bar
respectively. Steam coming out of the boiler is dry and saturated. The plant operates
on the Rankine cycle. Calculate the thermal efficiency.
8. What are the methods which can lead to increase in thermal efficiency of Rankine
cycle? Explain briefly.
9. A steam power plant operates on a theoretical reheat cycle. The steam from boiler at
150 bar and 5500C expands through the high-pressure turbine. It is reheated at
constant pressure of 40 bar to 550 0C and expands through the low-pressure turbine to
a condenser pressure of 0.1 bar. Draw T-s and h-s diagrams and find quality of steam
at turbine exhaust, thermal efficiency of the cycle and steam rate in kg/kWh.
10. Consider a regenerative vapour power cycle with feed-water heater. The steam enters
the first-stage turbine at 8Mpa and 5000C and expands to 0.7Mpa, where some of the
steam is extracted and diverted to feed water heater operating at 0.7Mpa. Remaining
steam expands through the second stage of the turbine to a condenser pressure of
0.008 Mpa. The saturated liquid exits the feed-water heater at 0.7 Mpa. The isentropic
efficiency of each turbine is 85% while each pump operates isentropically. If the net
power output of the cycle is 105 MW, determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle,
mass flow rate of steam entering the first stage turbine.
11. The steam power plant has boiler and condenser pressure of 80 bar and 0.1 bar
respectively. Steam coming out of the boiler is dry and saturated. The plant operates
on the Rankine cycle. Calculate the thermal efficiency.
12. A steam power plant works between pressures of 40 bar and 0.05 bar. If the steam
supplied is dry saturated and the cycle of operation is Rankine cycle. Find the cycle
efficiency and specific steam consumption.
13. Classify the boilers and state the requirements of a good boiler.
14. Differentiate between fire tube and water tube boilers.
15. Differentiate between the Mountings and Accessories of Boiler and state their
functions.
16. Define draught? Compare natural and artificial draughts.
17. A steam generator evaporates 18000 kg/h of steam at 12.5 bar and quality of 0.97
from feed water at 1050C, when coal is fired at the rate of 2040 kg/h. If the higher
 calorific value of the coal is 27400 kJ/kg, find the heat rate of boiler in kJ/h,
equivalent evaporation and thermal efficiency.
18. In a boiler test 1250 kg of coal are consumed in 24 hours. The mass of water
evaporated is 13000 kg and the mean effective pressure is 7 bar. The feed water
temperature is 400C, heating value of coal is 30000kJ/kg. The enthalpy of 1 kg of
steam at 7 bar is 2570.7 kJ. Determine equivalent evaporation per kg of coal and the
efficiency of the boiler.
19. A boiler is supplied with 15900 kg of feed water at 15 0C. During a trial period of 8
hours and 20 minutes. At the end of the trial, the weight of water was 680 kg less than
that of commencement of trial. The steam produced at the pressure of 12.5 bar is 95%
dry. The coal having the calorific value of 30000kJ/kg is fired at the rate of 275.8
kg/h. Calculate the actual evaporation rate, equivalent evaporation and the thermal
efficiency of the boiler.
20. What is boiler draught? With a suitable sketch explain artificial draught system.

UNIT II
1. Derive the expression for exit velocity of steam from steam nozzle.
2. Discuss different types of nozzles with the help of a neat sketches.
3. Dry saturated steam enters a frictionless adiabatic nozzle with negligible velocity at a
temperature of 3000C. it is expanded to a pressure of 5000 kPa. The mass flow rate is
1 kg/s. Calculate the exit velocity of steam.
4. A nozzle is to be designed to expand steam at the rate of 0.1 kg/s from 500 kPa,
2100C to 100 kPa. Neglect inlet velocity of steam. Determine the final velocity of
steam for a nozzle efficiency of 90%.
5. Steam is expanded in a set of nozzles from 10 bar and 200 0C to 5 bar. What type of
nozzle is it? Neglecting initial velocity find minimum area of the nozzle required to
allow a flow of 3 kg/s under the given conditions. Assume that expansion of steam to
be isentropic.
6. Steam having pressure of 11 bar and 0.95 dry is expanded through a convergent-
divergent nozzle and the pressure of steam leaving the nozzle is 0.85 bar. Find the
velocity at the throat for maximum discharge conditions. Index of expansion may be
assumed as 1.13. Calculate mass rate of flow of steam through the nozzle.
7. Steam having a pressure of 10.5 bar and 0.95 dryness is expanded through a
convergent-divergent nozzle and the pressure of steam leaving the nozzle is 0.85 bar.
Find the velocity at the throat for maximum discharge conditions. Index of expansion
may be assumed as 1.135. Calculate mass rate of flow of steam through the nozzle.
8. What is the function of a steam nozzle and also explain the significance of critical
pressure ratio on discharge through the nozzle.
9. Calculate the critical pressure and throat area per unit mass flow rate of steam,
expanding through a convergent-divergent nozzle from 10 bar, dry saturated down to
1 bar. Assume that the inlet velocity is negligible and the expansion is isentropic.
10. Dry saturated steam enters a steam nozzle at a pressure of 15 bar and is discharged at
a pressure of 2 bar. If the dryness fraction of discharge steam is 0.96, what will be the
final velocity of steam? Neglect the initial velocity of steam. If 10% of heat drop is
lost in friction find the percentage reduction in final velocity.
11. Derive the expression for condition for maximum discharge the nozzle.
12. Dry saturated steam at 11 bar enters a convergent-divergent nozzle and leaves at 2
bar. If the flow is adiabatic and frictionless, determine the exit velocity of steam, ratio
of cross-section at exit and that at throat. Assume the index of adiabatic expansion to
be 1.135.
13. Steam enters a convergent-divergent nozzle at 2 Mpa and 400 0C with a negligible
velocity at a rate of 2.5 kg/s and exits at 300 kPa. The flow is isentropic between
entrance and throat. If the nozzle efficiency is 93%, determine the throat and exit
areas.
14. Steam having a pressure of 12 bar and 0.95 dryness is expanded through a
convergent-divergent nozzle and the pressure of steam leaving the nozzle is 0.7 bar.
Find the critical velocity and critical pressure ratio.
15. What do you mean by a supersaturated flow? Explain with the help of h-s diagram.
16. Steam enters a convergent-divergent nozzle at 2 Mpa and 400 0C with a negligible
velocity at a rate of 2.5 kg/s and exits at 200 kPa. The flow is isentropic between
entrance and throat. If the nozzle efficiency is 93%, determine the throat and exit
areas.
17. A Delaval type impulse turbine is to develop 150 kW with a probable consumption of
7.5 kg of steam per kWh with initial pressure of 12 bar and exit pressure of 0.15 bar.
The diameter at the throat of each nozzle is 6 mm. Find the number of nozzles
required. Assuming that 10% of the total drop is lost in diverging part of the nozzle.
Find the diameter at the exit of the nozzle and the quality of steam which is to be fully
expanded as it leaves the nozzle.
18. In a nozzle the steam enters at 20 bar, dry saturated and expands up to 5 bar. Consider
the expansion to be frictionless through out and steam remaining in dry state up to the
throat during expansion. Determine the degree of supersaturation and degree of
undercooling.
19. What is Wilson line? Discuss the supersaturated flow of steam through nozzles.
20. Establish the general relationship between area, velocity and pressure in nozzle flow.

UNIT III
1. How are the steam turbines classified? State its advantages and limitations over steam
engines.
2. Classify the steam turbines and differentiate between steam turbine and steam
engines.
3. Explain with the help of neat sketch a single-stage impulse turbine.
4. Describe the working of a simple impulse turbine with suitable sketch.
5. A stage of a steam turbine is supplied with steam at 50 bar and 350 0C and exhausts at
5 bar. The isentropic efficiency of the stage is 0.82 and the steam consumption is
2270 kg/min. determine the power output of the stage
6. In a Delaval turbine steam issues from the nozzle with a velocity of 1200 m/s. The
nozzle angle is 200 and the inlet and outlet angles of the blades are equal. The mean
blade velocity is 400 m/s. The mass of steam flowing through the turbine is 1000
kg/h. Calculate blade angles, relative velocity of steam entering the blades, tangential
 force on the blades, power developed, blade efficiency. Take blade velocity
coefficient as 0.8.
7. The following data relate to a single stage impulse turbine. Steam velocity 600 m/s,
blade speed 250 m/s, nozzle angle 200, blade outlet angle 250. By neglecting the effect
of friction, calculate work developed for a steam flow rate of 20 kg/s and axial thrust.
8. A simple impulse turbine has a mean blade speed of 200 m/s. The nozzles are at 20 0
to the plane of rotation of blades. The steam velocity from nozzles is 600 m/s. The
turbine uses 3500 kg/h of steam. The absolute velocity at exit is along the axis of the
turbine. Determine the power output of the turbine, axial thrust per kg of steam per
second. Assume inlet and outlet angle to be equal.
9. In a single stage impulse turbine, the isentropic enthalpy drop of 200 kJ/kg occurs in
the nozzle having 96% efficiency and nozzle angle 150. The blade velocity coefficient
is 0,96 and the ratio of blade speed to steam velocity is 0.5. The steam flow rate is 20
kg/s and velocity of steam entering the nozzle is 50 m/s. Determine the blade angles at
inlet and outlet and blade efficiency. Assume the steam enters the blades smoothly
and leaves axially.
10. A single stage steam turbine is supplied with steam at 1028 m/s at the rate of 50
kg/min. It expands into a condenser at 0.2 bar. The blade speed is 400 m/s. The
nozzles are inclined at an angle of 20 0 to the plane of the wheel and the outlet blade
angle is 300. Neglecting frictional losses determine the power developed and blade
efficiency.
11. Obtain the condition for maximum blade efficiency in single stage impulse turbine.
12. The velocity of steam at the exit of the nozzle of the impulse stage of a turbine is 400
m/s. The blades operate close to the maximum blading efficiency. The nozzle angle is
200. Considering equiangular blades and neglecting blade friction, calculate power
and diagram efficiency for a flow rate of 0.6 kg/s.
13. Explain the working of velocity compounded impulse steam turbine with neat line
diagram.
14. Explain the working of pressure compounded impulse steam turbine with neat line
diagram.
15. Explain pressure velocity compounded impulse steam turbine with neat sketch.
16. A single stage steam turbine is supplied with steam at 5 bar, 200 0C at the rate of 50
kg/min. It expands into a condenser at 0.2 bar. The blade speed is 400 m/s and nozzle
angle is 200 and outlet blade angle is 30 0. Neglecting the frictional losses, determine
the power developed, blade efficiency and stage efficiency.
17. A single row impulse turbine develops 132.4 kW at a blade speed of 175 m/s using 2
kg of steam per second. Steam leaves the nozzle at 400 m/s. Velocity coefficient of
the blades is 0.9. Steam leaves the turbine blades axially. Determine the nozzle angle,
blade angle at entry and exit assuming no shock.
18. Steam with absolute velocity 300 m/s is supplied through a nozzle to a single stage
impulse turbine. The nozzle angle is 25 0 and mean diameter of the blade rotor is 1 m
and has a speed of 2000 rpm. Blade velocity coefficient is 0.9 and steam flow rate is
10 kg/s. If the axial thrust is zero, find the blade angles and power developed.
19. An impulse turbine with a single row of blades has 1.05 m mean diameter and running
at 3000 rpm. The nozzle angle is 18 0, ratio of blade speed to steam speed is 0.42 and
the ratio of relative velocities at outlet to inlet is 0.84. The outlet blade angle is 3 0 less
 than the inlet angle. The steam flow is 10 kg/s. Draw the velocity diagram and find
tangential thrust on the blades, axial thrust and resultant thrust on the blades, power
developed and blading efficiency.
20. In a stage of impulse reaction turbine provided with single row wheel, the mean
diameter of the blades is 1 m and it runs at 3000 rpm. The steam issues from the
nozzle at a velocity of 350 m/s and the nozzle angle is 20 0. The rotor blades are
equiangular. The blade friction factor is 0.86. Determine the power developed if the
axial thrust on the end bearing of a rotor is 118 N