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Lecture2 - PSA

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16 views

Lecture2 - PSA

Uploaded by

mohamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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19/11/1433

Power System Analysis


Lecture 2:
Modification of Bus Impedance Matrix

Modification of Bus Impedance Matrix


It is possible that the topology of the power system
changes by the inclusion of a new bus or line. In that
case it is not necessary to re-compute the Ybus matrix
again for the formation of Zbus matrix.
We shall discuss four possible cases by which an
existing bus impedance matrix can be modified:-
1. Adding a New Bus to the Reference Bus
2. Adding a New Bus to an Existing Bus (Adding New line)
3. Adding an Impedance to the Reference Bus from an
Existing Bus (Adding Load)
4. Adding an Impedance between two Existing Buses
5. Direct Determination of Zbus Matrix

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Let us assume that an n -bus power system exists in which


the voltage-current relations are given in terms of the bus
impedance matrix as
(30)

1. Adding a New Isolated Bus to the Reference Bus


The aim is to modify the matrix Zorig when a new bus is
connected to the power system.
It is assumed that a new bus p
(p > n ) is added to the reference
bus through an impedance Zp .
The schematic diagram for this
is shown in fig.

Since this bus is only


connected to the reference
bus, the voltage-current
relations the new system
are:
Fig. 7 A new bus is added to
the reference bus.

(31)

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2. Adding a New Bus to an Existing Bus through an


Impedance (Adding New line) :
This is the case when a bus, which has not been a part of
the original network, is added to an existing bus through a
transmission line with an impedance of Zb . Let us assume
that p ( p > n ) is the new bus that is connected to bus k ( k
< n ) through Zb. Then the schematic diagram of the circuit
is as shown in Fig. 8.

Fig. 8 A new bus is


added to an existing bus
through an impedance

Note from this figure that the


current Ip flowing from bus p will
alter the voltage of the bus k . We
shall then have:
(32)

In a similar way the current Ip will also alter the voltages


of all the other buses as
(33)
Furthermore the voltage of the bus p is given by

(34)

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Therefore the new voltage current relations are

(35)

It can be noticed that the new Zbus matrix is also


symmetric.

3. Adding an Impedance to the Reference


Bus from an Existing Bus:(Adding Load)

To accomplish this :
• First we assume that an impedance Zb is added from a
new bus p to an existing bus k . This can be
accomplished using the method discussed in Section 2
above.
• Then we add this bus k to the reference bus through
Zb, by setting the voltage Vp of the new bus to zero.
• However now we have an ( n + 1) X ( n + 1) Z-bus
matrix instead of an n X n matrix. We can then
remove the last row and last column of the new Zbus
matrix using the Kron's reduction given in (equ.21).

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4. Adding an Impedance between two


Existing Buses:(Adding Line Bet. Existing buses)
• Let us assume that we add an impedance Zb between
two existing buses k and j as shown in Fig. 9.
• Therefore the current injected into the network from
the bus k side will be Ik - Ib instead of Ik. Similarly the
current injected into the network from the bus j side
will be Ij + Ib instead of Ij.
• Consequently the voltage of the ith bus will be

Fig. 9 An impedance is
added between two existing
buses

(36)
Similarly we have
(37)

and
(38)
We shall now have to eliminate Ib from the above
equations. To do that we note from Fig. 9 that

(39)

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Subtracting (38) from (37) & substituting in (39) we get

(40)

We can then write the voltage current relations as

(41)

where
(42)

We can now eliminate the last row and last column using
the Kron's reduction given in (equ. 21).
zkn  znj
zkjNew  zkj 
znn
5. Direct Determination of Zbus Matrix(step-by-step
method):
We shall now use the four methods given above for
the direct determination of the Zbus matrix without
forming the Ybus matrix first.
•To accomplish this we shall consider the n-bus
system Note that for the construction of the Z bus
matrix we first eliminate all the voltage sources from
the system.

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Step-1 : Start with bus-1. Assume that no other buses or


lines exist in the system. We add this bus to the
reference bus with the impedance of j z1 per unit. Then
the Zbus matrix is
Zbus.1 = j z1 (43)
Step-2 : We now add bus-2 to the reference
bus using eq(31). The system impedance
diagram is shown in the fig. We then can
modify (43) as

 z1 0
Z bus  
z1 
(44)
0

Step-3 : We now add an impedance of j z12 per unit


between buses 1 and 2 as shown in the previous fig. The
interim Z-bus matrix is then obtained by applying (41)
on (44) as

 jz1 0 jz1  (45)


Z bus   0 jz1  jz1 
 jz1  jz1 jz1  jz12 

Then eliminate the last row and last column using the
Kron's reduction of (31) etc…

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Example 1
Find the Z-impedance
bus for the network
shown using step-by-
step method

Solution:

we first eliminate all the voltage sources from the


system.

Step-1 : Start with bus-1. Assume that no other buses or


lines exist in the system. We add this bus to the
reference bus with the impedance of j 0.25 per unit.
Then the Zbus matrix is
(46)
Step-2 : We now add bus-2 to the reference bus using
(31). The system impedance diagram is shown in Fig. 10.
We then can modify (43) as

(47)
Fig.10 Network of
step-2

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Step-3 : We now add an impedance of j 0.2 per unit


between buses 1 and 2 as shown in Fig. 3.11. The interim
Z bus matrix is then obtained by applying (41) on (44) as

(48)

Eliminating the last row and last


column using the Kron's reduction
of (31) we get
Fig.11 Network
of step-3
(49)

Step-4 : We now add bus-3 to bus-1 through an


impedance of j 0.25 per unit as shown in Fig. 12. The
application of (35) on (45) will then result in the
following matrix

(49)

Fig. 12 Network of step-4

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Step-5 : Connect buses 2 and 3


through an impedance of j 0.4 per
unit as shown in Fig. 13. The
interim Zbus matrix is then formed Fig. 13 Network
from (41) and (46) as of step-5

(48)

Using the Kron's reduction we get


the following matrix

(49) Fig. 14 Network


of step-6
Step-6 : We now add a new bus-4 to bus-2 through an
impedance of j 0.5 as shown in Fig. 14. Then the
application of (35) on (47) results in the following matrix

(50)

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Step-7 : Finally we add buses 3 and


4 through an impedance of j 0.4 to
obtain the network of Fig. 3.3 minus
the voltage sources. The application
of (41) on (48) results in the interim
Zbus matrix of Fig. 14 Network of
step-7

(51)

Eliminating the 5th row and column through Kron's


reduction we get the final Zbus as

(52)

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