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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) : ATM Reference Model Comprises of Three Layers

asynchoronous transfer module

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5 views

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) : ATM Reference Model Comprises of Three Layers

asynchoronous transfer module

Uploaded by

nimbuscourse
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)

 It is a ITU telecommunication standard.


 It is connection oriented network.
 It can transmit any types of data i.e. voice,video,text etc.
 Data is transmitted in fixed size packet called cell.
 A cell is 53 bytes long ( 5 byte header + 48 Byte payload).
 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is also known as Cell Relay.
 It is a data-link layer protocol
 It is primarily used in WAN and MAN.
 It is a 3D model.
 ATM uses asynchronous time division multiplexing that is why it is
called Asynchronous Transfer Mode.
 ATM is independent of a transmission medium, they may be sent on
a wire or fiber by themselves or they may also be packaged inside
the payload of other carrier systems
 ATM networks use “Packet” or “cell” Switching with virtual circuits. Its
design helps in the implementation of high-performance multimedia
networking.
 It works on virtual circuits.

ATM reference model comprises of three layers

1.Physical Layer
2.ATM Layer
3.ATM Adaptation Layer

1. Physical Layer
 In this layer, the cells are converted into bit streams and transmitted over the
physical medium. This layer has two sub-layers: PMD sub layer (Physical Medium
Dependent) and TC (Transmission Convergence) sub layer
 It controls the transmission and receipt of bits in the physical medium.
 It can track the ATM cell boundaries.
2. ATM layer

 It handles transmission, switching, congestion control, cell header processing,


sequential delivery, etc.
 It is responsible for simultaneously sharing the virtual circuits over the physical
link known as cell multiplexing and passing cells through an ATM network
known as cell relay making use of the VPI and VCI information in the cell
header.

Cell management
VC establishment
Congestion Control

3. ATM Adaption Layer (AAL)


 It provides facilities to the existing packet-switched networks to connect to the
ATM network and use its services.
 It accepts the data and converts them into fixed-sized segments.
 This layer has two sub-layers − Convergence sub-layer and Segmentation and
Reassembly sub-layer.

ATM Applications:
 ATM WANs
 Multimedia virtual private networks
 Frame relay backbone
 Residential broadband networks
 Carrier infrastructure for telephone and private line networks
 GFC
 The generic flow control (GFC) field is a 4-bit field that was originally added to support the
connection of ATM networks to shared access networks such as a distributed queue dual
bus (DQDB) ring. The GFC field was designed to give the User-Network Interface (UNI) 4
bits in which to negotiate multiplexing and flow control among the cells of various ATM
connections. However, the use and exact values of the GFC field have not been
standardized, and the field is always set to 0000.[9]
 VPI
 Virtual path identifier (8 bits UNI, or 12 bits NNI)
 VCI
 Virtual channel identifier (16 bits)
 PT
 Payload type (3 bits)
 Bit 3 (msbit): Network management cell. If 0, user data cell and the following apply:
 Bit 2: Explicit forward congestion indication (EFCI); 1 = network congestion experienced
 Bit 1 (lsbit): ATM user-to-user (AAU) bit. Used by AAL5 to indicate packet boundaries.
 CLP
 Cell loss priority (1-bit)
 HEC
 Header error control (8-bit CRC, polynomial = X8 + X2 + X + 1)

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