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Math Phys A06 Tensor GroupTheory

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15 views

Math Phys A06 Tensor GroupTheory

Uploaded by

Aarav 127
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Tutorial 6: Tensor Analysis and Group Theory

PHC - 523, PH - 305


October 29, 2024

• Solve the following problems.

• Submit the solutions of the last two problems in Section-I


and last three problems in section-II as Assignment.

• Ensure that your solutions are clearly labeled.

Problems
Section I
1 Show that the contraction of a contravariant vector times a covariant vector
transforms as a scalar.

2 Show that the metric tensor gij , defined by ds2 = gij dxi dxj (where ds2 is
invariant under coordinate transformation) in all coordinate systems, transforms
as a second-rank, purely covariant tensor.

i
3 Let Ai be a contravariant vector, and Bji = ∂A ∂xj
. Show that under general
(curvilinear coordinate) transformations, Bji does not transform as a (mixed)
tensor, but under linear transformations it does.

4 Given
δjm δjn
ϵijk ϵimn = = δjm δkn − δjn δkm .
δkm δkn
prove that
ϵijk ϵijn = 2δkn
and
ϵijk ϵijk = 6.
where ϵijk is the Levi-Civita symbol and δij is the Kronecker delta.

5 Prove that the ϵijk is an isotropic tensor.

1
6 Obtain the metric tensor for two dimensional plane in polar coordinates.

7 Prove that for any three vectors a, b, and c in three-dimensional space, the
following identity holds (use Levi-Civita tensor and its properties):

a × (b × c) + b × (c × a) + c × (a × b) = 0

8 The covariant derivative ∇µ of a tensor V ν (defined as ∇µ V ν = ∂µ V ν + Γνµλ V λ )


′
transforms as a tensor under a coordinate transformation (xµ −→ xµ ). Show
that ′ ′
′ ∂xµ ∂xν ∂xλ ν ∂xµ ∂xλ ∂ 2 xν
Γνµ′ λ′ = Γ −
∂xµ ′ ∂xν ∂xλ ′ µλ ∂xµ ′ ∂xλ ′ ∂xµ ∂xλ

Section II
1 (a) List all of the subgroups of any group whose order is a prime number.

(b) Show that a group whose order is a prime number is necessarily cyclic, i.e.,
all of the elements can be generated from the powers of any non-unit element.

(c) Suppose that, for a group G, |G| = pq, where p and q are both prime. Show
that every proper subgroup of G is cyclic.

2 Show that every subgroup with index 2 is self-conjugate.


3 Show that two matrices are simultaneously diagonalizable if and only if they
commute.
4 Show that the trace of three matrices A, B, and C satisfies the following relation:

tr(ABC) = tr(CAB) = tr(BCA)

5 Prove that every representation of a group can be brought into unitary form by
a similarity transformation.

6 Prove that a non-zero matrix which commutes with all of the matrices of an
irreducible representation is a constant multiple of the unit matrix.

2
7 Prove that X
d2k ≤ |G|
k

where dk are the dimensionalities of the irreducible representations and |G| is


the order of the group.
(Hint: Use the Great Orthogonality Theorem )

8 Build the character table for the S3 group.

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