Introduction To Logic Gates

Logic Gates

Figure Source:Google

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 Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Figure Source:Google

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Positive and Negative Logic:

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Logic Gate: Quite similar to your home door gate.

Transistor is used as a switch to get functionality like gate.

The most basic building blocks of any digital system including

computers.

The logic Gates are used to represents the logic functions to design an
digital system.

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Basic building blocks:

Basic Gates:
NOT Gate
AND Gate
OR Gate

Universal Gates:
NAND Gate
NOR Gate

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Other Gates:
XOR Gate
XNOR Gate

XOR and XNOR Gates are used in air thematic circuits, Comparator
circuits, code converter etc.

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

NOT Gate:

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

AND Gate:

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

3-input and 4-input AND Gate:

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

OR Gate:

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

3-input and 4-input OR Gate:

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Exercise:

Design an 3-input AND gate logic circuit using only 2-input AND
gates.

Design an 4-input OR gate logic circuit using only 2-input OR gates.

Design an 4-input AND gate logic circuit using only 2-input AND
gates.

Design chain of two inverter logic circuit.

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Exercise:

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

NAND Gate:

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

NOR Gate:

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

NAND Gate: Universal

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

NOR Gate: Universal

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Exercise:

Design an 3-input AND gate logic circuit using only 2-input NAND
gates.

Design an 4-input OR gate logic circuit using only 2-input NOR gates.

Design an 4-input NAND gate logic circuit using only 2-input NAND
gates.

Design an 4-input OR gate logic circuit using only 2-input NAND

gates.

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Exclusive-OR Gate or X-OR GATE:

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Exclusive-NOR Gate or X-NOR GATE:

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Problem (0):

Design an NOT logic circuit using a 2-input Ex-OR gate.

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Solution(0):

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Problem(1):

Design an 3-input Ex-NOR logic circuit using 2-input Ex-NOR gates.

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Solution(1):

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Exercise:

Design an 3-input X-OR gate logic circuit using only 2-input X-OR
gates.

Design an 4-input X-OR gate logic circuit using only 2-input X-OR
gates.

Design an 3-input X-NOR gate logic circuit using only 2-input X-NOR
gates.

Design an 4-input X-OR gate logic circuit using only 3-input X-OR
gates.

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Tristate Gates:

high-impedance state ’Z’.

Active states : Logic ’1’ and logic ’0’.

high-impedance state ’Z’ is controlled by an external input known as

ENABLE.

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

ENABLE decides whether the gate is in active or high-impedance

state.

An advantage: Inputs and Outputs can be connected in parallel to a

common bus line.

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Active HIGH ENABLE:

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Logic Gates

Active LOW ENABLE:

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Logic Gates

Buffer Circuit:

Load driving capability.

Useful in bus-oriented systems.

Driving capability is higher than logic Gates.

Useful in bus-oriented systems.

Normally, the buffers are tristate devices.

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Logic Gates

Types: Inverting and Non-inverting.

Driver is even larger load-driving capability than a buffer.

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Logic Gates

Example:

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Logic Gates

Application:

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Introduction To Logic Gates
Logic Gates

Application:

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