ESS DOCUMENT DATE: 08.06.

2023

ALERTS TAKEN ON BOARD: 01 (20.10.2022); 02 (06.12.2022), 03 (06.03.2023), 04 (08.06.2023)

SOURCE
QUESTIONNAIRE

Round 11

2023

This document was written for the European Social Survey ERIC (ESS ERIC)
by its Core Scientific Team. Please cite as follows:

European Social Survey (2022). ESS Round 11 Source Questionnaire.

London: ESS ERIC Headquarters c/o City, University of London.

Disclaimer: Neither the ESS ERIC, its Director nor the individual members of the ESS
ERIC Core Scientific Team are liable for any use that is made of the information
contained herein.
 Q# Topics

Core A1 – A6 Media use; Internet use; social trust.

Core B1 – B45 Politics, including: political interest, trust, electoral and other
forms of participation, party allegiance, socio-political
orientations, authoritarianism, immigration.

Core C1 – C44 Subjective wellbeing, social exclusion, crime, religion,

perceived discrimination, national and ethnic identity, climate
change, test questions (C34 to C42 – continued in section I),
vote intention in EU referendum.

Rotating D1 – D33 Social inequalities in health and their determinants.

module

Rotating module E1 – E28 Gender in contemporary Europe: rethinking inequality and

the backlash

Core F1 – F59 Socio-demographic profile, including: household composition,

sex, age, marital status, type of area, education & occupation
of respondent, partner, parents, union membership, income
and ancestry.

Core Section H Human values scale.

Core Section I Test questions.

COVID-19 Section K Questions on experience of COVID-19 pandemic.

module

Recontact Section R Recontact question

question

Interviewer Section J Interviewer self-completion questions.

questionnaire

2
NOTE

No section G is present in this questionnaire. A reduced version of Section K from the Round
10 questionnaire (the COVID-19 module) is present for Round 11. Three questions that
belong to the module on Health are placed in section F: F14a, F35a and F35b. These are
marked with a footnote. A recontact question has been added (section R), to be included by
countries on an optional basis.

Several interviewer-coded items were removed from this questionnaire as part of the move
to CAPI mode only in ESS Round 9. Placeholders are present where these items used to be
situated in order to prevent unnecessary changes in the numbering of section F.

Throughout the questionnaire, annotations (footnotes) are provided to aid translation and
questionnaire implementation. In some cases, these aim to avoid ambiguity by providing
definitions and clarification about the concept behind questions, especially where the words
themselves are unlikely to have direct equivalents in other languages. In other cases, the
annotations provide operational instructions. Annotations should NOT be translated. Under
no circumstances should they appear in the questionnaire given to interviewers.

Other questions are to be adapted – in part or in their entirety – to the national context (e.g.
[country] should be replaced with Britain/British, values should be in the local currency, etc.),
or require tailoring/filtering based on answers given to previous questions. These elements
are highlighted in grey or placed within a grey box, both in the source questionnaire and in
the source showcards. Text highlighted in grey and between {curly brackets} identifies
elements that need to be tailored based on previous responses.

Take appropriate action regarding text highlighted in grey so that the correct wordings are
introduced into the CAPI programme and shading is removed from any showcards after
adaptation to the national context.

Question batteries should be scripted so that the question stem appears above each
individual battery item (if these are displayed on separate screens).

Additional instructions for programmers are in blue font. These instructions should not be
presented to interviewers.

At some questions there are answer codes that appear in round brackets. These codes
allow for answers respondents might give but these should not be read out or offered and
must never appear on the showcard.

All questions and answers categories should be displayed in the order they are presented in
this questionnaire. Question and response list order should not be randomised unless this is
specified in the questionnaire.

The answer codes on showcards should generally not be read out to respondents by the
interviewer (unless specified).

Start/end dates and times should be recorded for each module automatically by the CAPI
system where possible.

3
 [START DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

SECTION A

ASK ALL
A1 On a typical day, about how much time do you spend watching, reading or listening
to news about politics and current affairs1? Please give your answer in hours and
minutes.

INTERVIEWER: If no time spent, enter 00 00.

TYPE IN DURATION:

hours minutes

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

A2 CARD 1 People can use the internet on different devices such as computers,
tablets and smartphones. How often do you use the internet on these or any other
devices, whether for work or personal use?

Never 1
Only occasionally 2 GO TO A4
A few times a week 3
Most days 4
ASK A3
Every day 5

(Refusal) 7
GO TO A4
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF MOST DAYS OR EVERY DAY AT A2 (IF A2 = 4, 5)

A3 On a typical day, about how much time do you spend using the internet on a
computer, tablet, smartphone or other device, whether for work or personal use?
Please give your answer in hours and minutes.

TYPE IN DURATION:

hours minutes

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

1 ‘About politics and current affairs’: about issues to do with governance and public policy, and with the people connected
with these affairs.
4
ASK ALL
A4 CARD 2 Using this card, generally speaking, would you say that most
people can be trusted, or that you can’t be too careful2 in dealing with people?
Please tell me on a score of 0 to 10, where 0 means you can’t be
too careful and 10 means that most people can be trusted.

You Most
can’t be people
too can be (Don’t
careful trusted (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

A5 CARD 3 Using this card, do you think that most people would try to take advantage3 of
you if they got the chance, or would they try to be fair4?

Most
people Most
would try people
to take would
advantage try to (Don’t
of me be fair (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

A6 CARD 4 Would you say that most of the time people try to be helpful5 or
that they are mostly looking out for themselves? Please use this card.

People
mostly look People
out for mostly
themselves try to be (Don’t
helpful (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

2 ‘Can’t be too careful’: need to be wary or always somewhat suspicious.

3 ‘Take advantage’: exploit or cheat.
4 ‘Fair’: in the sense of treat appropriately and straightforwardly.
5 The intended contrast is between self-interest and altruistic helpfulness.

5
SECTION B

Now we want to ask a few questions about politics and government.

B1 How interested would you say you are in politics –

are you… READ OUT…

very interested, 1
quite interested, 2
hardly interested, 3
or, not at all interested? 4

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

B2 CARD 5 How much would you say the political system in [country]
allows people like you to have a say in what the government does?

Not at all 1
Very little 2
Some 3
A lot 4
A great deal 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

B3 CARD 6 How able do you think you are to take an active role in a group
involved with political issues?

Not at all able 1

A little able 2
Quite able 3
Very able 4
Completely able 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

6
B4 CARD 7 And how much would you say that the political system in
[country] allows people like you to have an influence on politics?

Not at all 1
Very little 2
Some 3
A lot 4
A great deal 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

B5 CARD 8 And how confident are you in your own ability to

participate in politics?

Not at all confident6 1

A little confident 2
Quite confident 3
Very confident 4
Completely confident 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

6 ‘Not at all confident’ in the sense of ‘having no confidence at all in your own ability’.
7
CARD 9 Using this card, please tell me on a score of 0-10 how much you
personally trust each of the institutions I read out. 0 means you do not trust
an institution at all, and 10 means you have complete trust. Firstly… READ OUT…

[Display before items B7-B12: STILL CARD 9 (IF NECESSARY: How much do you trust…) READ OUT…]

No trust Complete (Refu- (Don’t

at all trust sal) know)

B6 …[country]’s 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
parliament?
B7 …the legal 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
system?

B8 …the police? 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B9 …politicians? 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B10 …political 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
parties?

B11 …the European 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

Parliament?

B12 …the United 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

Nations?

B13 Some people don’t vote nowadays for one reason or another.
Did you vote in the last [country] national7 election in [month/year]?

Yes 1 ASK B14

No 2
Not eligible to vote 3 GO TO B15

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

7 This refers to the last election of a country’s primary legislative assembly.

8
ASK IF YES AT B13 (IF B13 = 1)

B14 Which party did you vote for in that election?

[Country-specific (question and) codes]
Conservative 01
Labour 02
Liberal Democrat 03
Scottish National Party 04
Plaid Cymru 05
Green Party 06
Brexit Party 07
UK Independence Party 08
Other (TYPE IN) ______________________________ 09
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

ASK ALL
There are different ways of trying to improve things in [country] or help prevent things from
going wrong8. During the last 12 months, have you done any of the following?
Have you… READ OUT…

[Display before items B16-B18: (IF NECESSARY: During the last 12 months, have you…) READ OUT…]

(Don’t
Yes No (Refusal) know)

B15 …contacted a politician, government or local 1 2 7 8

government official?

B16 …donated to or participated in a political party or 1 2 7 8

pressure group9?

B17 …worn or displayed a campaign badge/sticker? 1 2 7 8

B18 …signed a petition? 1 2 7 8

8 ‘Help prevent things from going wrong’ in the sense of help prevent serious problems arising.
9 ‘Pressure group’: a group of people who work together to try to influence what other people or the government think
about a particular subject, in order to achieve the things they want. The same translation as for ‘action group’ in ESS1-
ESS9 should be used, if this reflects the definition of pressure group given here.
9
And still thinking about different ways of trying to improve things in [country] or help prevent things from
going wrong10, during the last 12 months, have you done any of the following?
Have you… READ OUT…

[Display before items B20-B22: (IF NECESSARY: During the last 12 months, have you…) READ OUT…]

(Don’t
Yes No (Refusal) know)

B19 …taken part in a public demonstration? 1 2 7 8

B20 …boycotted certain products? 1 2 7 8

B21 …posted or shared anything about politics 1 2 7 8

online, for example on blogs, via email or on
social media such as Facebook or Twitter11?

B22 …volunteered for a not-for-profit or charitable 1 2 7 8

organisation?

B23 Is there a particular political party you feel closer

to12 than all the other parties?
Yes 1 ASK B24

No 2
GO TO B26
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

10 ‘Help prevent things from going wrong’ in the sense of help prevent serious problems arising.
11 The examples given in the source question should be used where possible. However, if in [country] there are other
social media platforms which would be more appropriate to include instead of or as well as Facebook and Twitter,
please discuss with the Translation team [email protected].
12 ‘Feel closer to’: in the sense of the party one most identifies or sympathises with or is most attached to, regardless of

how one votes.

10
ASK IF YES AT B23 (IF B23 = 1)

B24 Which one? [Country-specific codes]

Conservative 01
Labour 02
Liberal Democrat 03
Scottish National Party 04
Plaid Cymru 05 ASK B25
Green Party 06
Brexit Party 07
UK Independence Party 08
Other (TYPE IN) _________________________________ 09
(Refusal) 77 GO TO B26
(Don’t know) 88

ASK IF PARTY GIVEN AT B24 (IF B24 = 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 07, 08, 09 in the example above)
B25 How close do you feel to this party? Do you feel that
you are… READ OUT…
very close, 1
quite close, 2
not close, 3
or, not at all close? 4

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK ALL
B26 CARD 10 In politics people sometimes talk of “left” and “right”.
Using this card, where would you place yourself on this scale,
where 0 means the left and 10 means the right?

(Don’t
Left Right (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

11
B27 CARD 11 All things considered, how satisfied are you with your
life as a whole nowadays? Please answer using this card, where 0 means
extremely13 dissatisfied and 10 means extremely satisfied.

Extremely Extremely (Don’t

dissatisfied satisfied (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B28 STILL CARD 11 On the whole how satisfied are you with the present state of the
economy in [country]? Still use this card.

Extremely Extremely (Don’t

dissatisfied satisfied (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B29 STILL CARD 11 Now thinking about the [country] government14, how satisfied are
you with the way it is doing its job? Still use this card.

Extremely Extremely (Don’t

dissatisfied satisfied (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B30 STILL CARD 11 And on the whole, how satisfied are you with the way democracy15
works in [country]? Still use this card.

Extremely Extremely (Don’t

dissatisfied satisfied (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

13 Please note that for CORE items using ‘extremely’ or ‘completely’, the same translation should be used as in previous
rounds. This applies throughout sections B, C, F and I. If translators are unsure, contact [email protected].
14 The people now governing, the present regime.
15 The democratic system ‘in practice’ is meant, as opposed to how democracy ‘ought’ to work.

12
B31 CARD 12 Now, using this card, please say what you think overall about the state
of education16 in [country] nowadays?

Extremely Extremely (Don’t

bad good (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B32 STILL CARD 12 Still using this card, please say what you think overall about the
state of health services in [country] nowadays?

Extremely Extremely (Don’t

bad good (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

16 The ‘state of education’ (see ‘state of health services’ in B32, too) covers issues of quality, access and
effectiveness/efficiency.
13
CARD 13 Using this card, please say to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following
statements. READ OUT EACH STATEMENT

[Display before items B34-B36: STILL CARD 13 (IF NECESSARY: To what extent do you agree or disagree
that…) READ OUT…]

Neither
Agree agree nor Disagree (Don’t
strongly Agree disagree Disagree strongly (Refusal) know)

B33 The
government 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
should take
measures to
reduce
differences
in income
levels.

B34 Gay men

and lesbians 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
should be
free to live
their own life
as they
wish17.

B35 If a close
family 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
member
was a gay
man or a
lesbian, I
would feel
ashamed.

B36 Gay male

and lesbian 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
couples
should have
the same
rights to
adopt
children as
straight
couples18.

17 Freedom of lifestyle is meant, ‘free/entitled to live as gays and lesbians’.

18 ‘Straight couples’: ‘straight’ is a colloquial term for ‘heterosexual’ in British English. Some suggestions that can be used
are ‘heterosexual couples’ or ‘couples consisting of a man and a woman’. However, ‘normal couples’ or ‘other couples’
should not be used.
14
B37 CARD 14 Now thinking about the European Union, some say European unification19
should go further. Others say it has already gone too far. Using this card, what
number on the scale best describes your position?

Unification Unification
has already should go (Don’t
gone too far further (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

CARD 15 Using this card, please say to what extent you agree or disagree with each of the following
statements. READ OUT EACH STATEMENT

[Display before item B39: STILL CARD 15 (IF NECESSARY: To what extent do you agree or disagree
that…) READ OUT…]

Neither
Agree agree nor Disagree (Don’t
strongly Agree disagree Disagree strongly (Refusal) know)

B38 Obedience
and respect 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
for authority
are the most
important
values
children
should learn.

B39 What
[country] 1 2 3 4 5 7 8
needs most
is loyalty
towards its
leaders20.

19 ‘Unification’ refers to further integration rather than further enlargement.

20 ‘Leaders’ refers to political leaders in government, but not necessarily to the current government.
15
Now some questions about people from other countries coming to live in [country].

B40 CARD 16 Now, using this card, to what extent do you think [country]
should21 allow people of the same race or ethnic group as most
[country]’s people to come and live here22?

Allow many to come and live here 1

Allow some 2
Allow a few 3
Allow none 4

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

B41 STILL CARD 16 How about people of a different race

or ethnic group from most [country] people? Still use this card.

Allow many to come and live here 1

Allow some 2
Allow a few 3
Allow none 4

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

B42 STILL CARD 16 How about people from the poorer

countries outside Europe? Use the same card.

Allow many to come and live here 1

Allow some 2
Allow a few 3
Allow none 4

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

21 ‘Should’ in the sense of ‘ought to’; not in the sense of ‘must’.

22 ‘Here’: [country] throughout these questions.
16
B43 CARD 17 Would you say it is generally bad or good for
[country]’s economy that people come to live here from
other countries? Please use this card.

Bad for the Good for the (Don’t

economy economy (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B44 CARD 18 And, using this card, would you say that [country]’s
cultural life is generally undermined or enriched by people
coming to live here from other countries?

Cultural life Cultural life (Don’t

undermined enriched (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

B45 CARD 19 Is [country] made a worse or a better place to live by

people coming to live here from other countries? Please use this card.

Worse place Better place (Don’t

to live to live (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

17
SECTION C

And now a few questions about you and your life.

C1 CARD 20 Taking all things together, how happy would you say
you are? Please use this card.

Extremely Extremely (Don’t

unhappy happy (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

C2 CARD 21 Using this card, how often do you meet socially23 with
friends, relatives or work colleagues?

Never 01
Less than once a month 02
Once a month 03
Several times a month 04
Once a week 05
Several times a week 06
Every day 07

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

C3 CARD 22 How many people, if any, are there with whom you can
discuss intimate24 and personal25 matters? Choose your answer
from this card.

None 00
1 01
2 02
3 03
4-6 04
7-9 05
10 or more 06

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

23 ‘Meet socially’ implies meet by choice rather than for reasons of either work or pure duty.
24 ‘Intimate’ implies things like sex or family matters.
25 ‘Personal’ could include work or occupational issues as well.

18
C4 CARD 23 Compared to other people of your age,
how often would you say you take part in social activities26?
Please use this card.

Much less than most 1

Less than most 2
About the same 3
More than most 4
Much more than most 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

C5 Have you or a member of your household been the victim of

a burglary or assault27 in the last 5 years?
Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

C6 How safe do you – or would you – feel walking alone

in the area28 you live after dark? Do – or would – you feel… READ OUT…

...very safe, 1
safe, 2
unsafe, 3
or, very unsafe? 4

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

26 Events/encounters with other people, by choice and for enjoyment rather than for reasons of work or duty.
27 Physical assault.
28 Respondent’s local area or neighbourhood.

19
The next set of questions are about yourself.

C7 How is your health29 in general? Would you say it is… READ OUT…

…very good, 1
good, 2
fair, 3
bad, 4
or, very bad? 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

C8 Are you hampered30 in your daily activities in any way by any longstanding
illness, or disability, infirmity or mental health problem?
IF YES, is that a lot or to some extent?

Yes a lot 1
Yes to some extent 2
No 3

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

People might feel different levels of attachment to the country where they live and to Europe31.

C9 CARD 24 How emotionally attached32 do you feel to [country]? Please

choose a number from 0 to 10, where 0 means not at all emotionally attached
and 10 means very emotionally attached.

Not at all Very

emotionally emotionally (Don’t
attached attached (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

29 Physical and mental health.

30 ‘Hampered’: limited, restricted in your daily activities.
31 Europe in general, not specifically European Union.
32 ‘Emotionally attached’ in the sense of ‘identifying with AND feeling close to’.

20
C10 STILL CARD 24 And how emotionally attached do you feel to Europe33?

Not at all Very

emotionally emotionally (Don’t
attached attached (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

C11 Do you consider yourself as belonging to34 any particular religion

or denomination?

Yes 1 ASK C12

No 2
GO TO C13
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF YES AT C11 (IF C11 = 1)

C12 Which one? [Can be asked as a country-specific question.

To be recoded into the ESS coding frame below]

Roman Catholic 01
Protestant 02
Eastern Orthodox 03
Other Christian denomination 04 GO TO C15
Jewish 05
Islamic 06
Eastern religions 07
Other non-Christian religions 08

(Refusal) 77

NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF C12

The set of country-specific categories that are listed in the Consultation outcomes for religion on the ESS11
NC Intranet should be made available to interviewers. Use of a showcard at C12 is optional.

33 Europe in general, not specifically European Union.

34 Identification is meant, not official membership.
21
ASK IF NO RELIGION/DENOMINATION OR DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT C11 (IF C11 = 2, 7, 8)
C13 Have you ever considered yourself as belonging to
any particular religion or denomination?
Yes 1 ASK C14
No 2
GO TO C15
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF YES AT C13 (IF C13 = 1)

C14 Which one? [Can be asked as a country-specific question.
To be recoded into the ESS coding frame below]

Roman Catholic 01
Protestant 02
Eastern Orthodox 03
Other Christian denomination 04
Jewish 05
Islamic 06
Eastern religions 07
Other non-Christian religions 08

(Refusal) 77

NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF C14

The set of country-specific categories that are listed in the Consultation outcomes for religion on the ESS11
NC Intranet should be made available to interviewers. Use of a showcard at C14 is optional.

ASK ALL
C15 CARD 25 Regardless of whether you belong to
a particular religion, how religious would you say you are?
Please use this card.

Not at all Very (Don’t

religious religious (Refusal) know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

22
C16 CARD 26 Apart from special occasions such as weddings and
funerals, about how often do you attend religious services nowadays?
Please use this card.

Every day 01
More than once a week 02
Once a week 03
At least once a month 04
Only on special holy days 05
Less often 06
Never 07

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

C17 STILL CARD 26 Apart from when you are at religious

services, how often, if at all, do you pray? Please use this card.

Every day 01
More than once a week 02
Once a week 03
At least once a month 04
Only on special holy days 05
Less often 06
Never 07

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

C18 Would you describe yourself as being a member of a

group that is discriminated against in this country?

Yes 1 ASK C19

No 2
GO TO C20
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

23
ASK IF YES AT C18 (IF C18 = 1)
C19 On what grounds is your group discriminated against?
PROBE: ‘What other grounds?’
CODE ALL THAT APPLY
Colour or race 01
Nationality 02
Religion 03
Language 04
Ethnic group 05
Age 06
Gender 07
Sexuality 08
Disability 09
Other (TYPE IN)___________________________ 10

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

ASK ALL
C20 Are you a citizen of [country]?

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

C21 Were you born in [country]?

Yes 1 GO TO C24
No 2 ASK C22

(Refusal) 7
GO TO C24
(Don’t know) 8

24
ASK IF NO AT C21 (IF C21 = 2)
C22 In which country were you born?
[To be coded into pre-specified ISO 3166-1 (2-character)]

TYPE IN __________________

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

C23 What year did you first come to live in [country]?

TYPE IN YEAR:

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

ASK ALL
C24 What language or languages do you speak most often at home?
[To be coded into ISO 639-2 (3-character)]
TYPE IN UP TO 2 LANGUAGES________________________
________________________
(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

C25 Do you feel you are part of the same race or ethnic group35 as most people in [country]?

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

35 ‘Same race or ethnic group’: the same translation as at item B40 should be used.
25
C26 Was your father born in [country]?
Yes 1 GO TO C28
No 2 ASK C27

(Refusal) 7
GO TO C28
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF NO AT C26 (IF C26 = 2)

C27 In which country was your father born?
[To be coded into pre-specified ISO 3166-1 (2 character)]

TYPE IN __________________
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

ASK ALL
C28 Was your mother born in [country]?

Yes 1 GO TO C30
No 2 ASK C29

(Refusal) 7
GO TO C30
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF NO AT C28 (IF C28 = 2)

C29 In which country was your mother born?
[To be coded into pre-specified ISO 3166-1 (2 character)]

TYPE IN __________________
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

26
ASK ALL
Now some questions on a different topic.

C30 CARD 27 Do you think that climate change is caused by natural processes,
human activity, or both?

Entirely by natural processes 01

Mainly by natural processes 02
About equally by natural processes and human activity 03 ASK C31
Mainly by human activity 04
Entirely by human activity 05

(I don’t think climate change is happening) 55 GO TO INTRODUCTION

BEFORE C43
(Refusal) 77
ASK C31
(Don’t know) 88

ASK IF NOT CODE 55 AT C30 (IF C30 = 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 77, 88)

C31 CARD 28 To what extent do you feel a personal responsibility to try to reduce
climate change?

Not at A great (Refusal) (Don’t

all deal know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

C32 CARD 29 How worried are you about climate change?

Not at all worried 1

Not very worried 2
Somewhat worried 3
Very worried 4
Extremely worried 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

27
CAPI RANDOMISATION: automated random allocation to Group 1 (C34-C36), Group 2 (C37-C39) or
Group 3 (C40-C42), each comprising approximately one third of the sample. Respondents must be
allocated to the same group in section I as used here. C33 should be programmed automatically in the
CAPI script and NOT displayed/asked in the interview.

C33 RECORD OUTCOME OF CAPI RANDOMISATION IF NOT CODE 55 AT C30 (IF C30 = 01, 02,
03, 04, 05, 77, 88)

GROUP 1 1 ASK C34

GROUP 2 2 GO TO C37
GROUP 3 3 GO TO C40

ASK IF GROUP 1 AT C33 (IF C33 = 1)

C3436 CARD 30 Now imagine that large numbers of people limited their energy use. How likely do you think it
is that this would reduce climate change?

Not at all likely 0

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Extremely likely 10

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

36 ADAPTED TEST QUESTION for ESS11. Please refer to C34 in ESS10 for translation. The question wording and
response list wording is unchanged from Round 10, but the response list orientation has been updated (it should be
displayed vertically on the showcard at Round 11).
28
C3537 STILL CARD 30 How likely do you think it is that large numbers of people will actually limit their energy
use to try to reduce climate change?

Not at all likely 0

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Extremely likely 10

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

C3638 STILL CARD 30 And how likely do you think it is that governments39 in enough countries40 will take
action that reduces climate change?

Not at all likely 0

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Extremely likely 10

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

GO TO INTRODUCTION BEFORE C43

37 ADAPTED TEST QUESTION for ESS11. Please refer to C35 in ESS10 for translation. The question wording and
response list wording is unchanged from Round 10, but the response list orientation has been updated (it should be
displayed vertically on the showcard at Round 11).
38 ADAPTED TEST QUESTION for ESS11. Please refer to C36 in ESS10 for translation. The question wording and
response list wording is unchanged from Round 10, but the response list orientation has been updated (it should be
displayed vertically on the showcard at Round 11).
39 National governments.
40 ‘Enough countries’ to have an impact rather than the actual number of countries.

29
ASK IF GROUP 2 AT C33 (IF C33 = 2)
C3741 CARD 31 Now imagine that large numbers of people limited their energy use. How likely do you think it
is that this would reduce climate change?

Very likely 1
Likely 2
Somewhat likely42 3
Not likely 4
Not at all likely 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

C3843 STILL CARD 31 How likely do you think it is that large numbers of people will actually limit their energy
use to try to reduce climate change?

Very likely 1
Likely 2
Somewhat likely 3
Not likely 4
Not at all likely 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

C3944 STILL CARD 31 And how likely do you think it is that governments45 in enough countries46 will take
action that reduces climate change?

Very likely 1
Likely 2
Somewhat likely 3
Not likely 4
Not at all likely 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

GO TO INTRODUCTION BEFORE C43

41 ADAPTED TEST QUESTION for ESS11. Please refer to C37 in ESS10 for translation. The question wording is
unchanged from Round 10 but the response list has been updated.
42 “Somewhat” in the sense of “a bit”, “moderately” or similar. The middle category should be translated such that semantic

distances between all five points are as evenly spread out as possible. An adverb to translate “somewhat” should be
chosen placing this category in the middle between “likely” and “not likely”.
43 ADAPTED TEST QUESTION for ESS11. Please refer to C38 in ESS10 for translation. The question wording is

unchanged from Round 10 but the response list has been updated.
44 ADAPTED TEST QUESTION for ESS11. Please refer to C39 in ESS10 for translation. The question wording is

unchanged from Round 10 but the response list has been updated.
45 National governments.
46 ‘Enough countries’ to have an impact rather than the actual number of countries.

30
ASK IF GROUP 3 AT C33 (IF C33 = 3)
C4047 CARD 32 Now imagine that large numbers of people limited their energy use. How likely do you think it
is that this would reduce climate change?

Not at all likely 0

1
2
3
Very likely 4
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

C4148 STILL CARD 32 How likely do you think it is that large numbers of people will actually limit their energy
use to try to reduce climate change?

Not at all likely 0

1
2
3
Very likely 4
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

C4249 STILL CARD 32 And how likely do you think it is that governments50 in enough countries51 will take
action that reduces climate change?

Not at all likely 0

1
2
3
Very likely 4
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

47 ADAPTED TEST QUESTION for ESS11. Please refer to C40 in ESS10 for translation. The question wording is
unchanged from Round 10 but the response list has been updated.
48 ADAPTED TEST QUESTION for ESS11. Please refer to C41 in ESS10 for translation. The question wording is

unchanged from Round 10 but the response list has been updated.
49 ADAPTED TEST QUESTION for ESS11. Please refer to C42 in ESS10 for translation. The question wording is

unchanged from Round 10 but the response list has been updated.
50 National governments.
51 ‘Enough countries’ to have an impact rather than the actual number of countries.

31
NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF C43 AND C44

Item C43 can be included by EU countries on a voluntary basis. Item C44 can be included by non-EU
countries on a voluntary basis. A similar set of country-specific items as in ESS8 and ESS9 can be used in the
United Kingdom. Countries should confirm whether they will include any EU referendum item to
[email protected].

ASK ALL
Now a question on a different topic.52

C4353 Imagine there were a referendum in [country] tomorrow about

membership of the European Union. Would you vote for [country]
to remain a member of the European Union or to leave the European Union?

Remain a member of the European Union 1

Leave the European Union 2
(Would submit a blank ballot paper) 33
(Would spoil54 the ballot paper) 44
(Would not vote) 55
(Not eligible to vote) 65

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

GO TO SECTION D

C4455 Imagine there were a referendum in [country] tomorrow about

membership of the European Union. Would you vote for [country]
to become a member of the European Union or to remain outside the European Union?

Become a member of the European Union 1

Remain outside the European Union 2
(Would submit a blank ballot paper) 33
(Would spoil56 the ballot paper) 44
(Would not vote) 55
(Not eligible to vote) 65

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

52 To be included only if either C43 or C44 are fielded.

53 REPEAT item from ESS8 for EU countries only. This question can be included on a voluntary basis. Please use the
same translation as for E41 in ESS8.
54 ‘Spoil’ in the sense of marking the ballot paper so as to make it null or invalid.
55 REPEAT item from ESS8 for non-EU countries only. This question can be included on a voluntary basis. Please use

the same translation as for E42 in ESS8.

56 ‘Spoil’ in the sense of marking the ballot paper so as to make it null or invalid.

32
SECTION D

ASK ALL
And now, moving to a new topic.

D157 CARD 33 Using a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 means no control58 at all and 10 means complete
control, how much control do you feel you have over your life in general nowadays? Please use this
card.

No control Complete (Don’t

(Refusal)
at all control know)

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88

I will now ask you some questions about your daily behaviour.

~D2 CARD 34 Using this card, please tell me how often you eat fruit, excluding drinking
juice?
INTERVIEWER: Frozen fruit should be included.

Three times or more a day 01

Twice a day 02
Once a day 03
Less than once a day but at least 4 times a week 04
Less than 4 times a week but at least once a week 05
Less than once a week 06
Never 07
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

57NEW QUESTION for Round 11.

58Please translate “control” in the sense of mastering / commanding / steering / influencing your own life. It should
capture to what extent a respondent feels that it is possible and that they can influence their life and their environment.
This refers to feeling in control of a broad range of things that might feel important to the respondent, for instance
everyday decisions (what to eat, what to wear, where to work, your appetite or smoking etc.), living conditions, politics,
environment, as well as the respondent’s own health, work, leisure or other. If there is a word in your language that
sounds and looks like “control” in English, please beware that it may have a different meaning / different meanings. In that
case, you may consider synonyms with the same meaning, such as “influence your life”, “your life depends on you”, “have
the possibility to control your life” or similar phrases that work in your language.

33
~D3 STILL CARD 34 Using the same card, please tell me how often you eat vegetables
or salad, excluding potatoes?
INTERVIEWER: Frozen vegetables should be included.

Three times or more a day 01

Twice a day 02
Once a day 03
Less than once a day but at least 4 times a week 04
Less than 4 times a week but at least once a week 05
Less than once a week 06
Never 07
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

~D4 On how many of the last 7 days did you walk quickly59, do sports or other
physical activity for 30 minutes or longer?
INTERVIEWER: To be included, physical activity does not have to
have been continuous.

WRITE IN NUMBER OF DAYS:

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

D560 CARD 35 Now thinking about smoking cigarettes. Which of the descriptions
on this card best describes your smoking behaviour?
INTERVIEWER: Include rolled tobacco but not pipes, cigars or electronic cigarettes.

I smoke daily, usually 10 or more cigarettes 1

I smoke daily, usually 9 or fewer cigarettes 2
I smoke but not every day 3
I don’t smoke now but I used to 4
I have only smoked a few times 5
I have never smoked 6
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t Know) 8

59 ‘walk quickly’ in the sense of ‘walk briskly’.

60 AMENDED ESS7 QUESTION: New answer categories have been added to distinguish between daily smokers
smoking less or more than 10 cigarettes per day. This also combines E4 and E5 from the ESS7 Source Questionnaire
into a single item.
34
ASK ALL
~D6 CARD 36 In the last 12 months, that is since [MONTH, YEAR], how often have you
had a drink containing alcohol? This could be wine, beer, cider61, spirits or other drinks
containing alcohol. Please choose an answer from this card.

PROGRAMMING NOTE: The [MONTH, YEAR] text should appear as the month and year 12
months before the interview. E.g. if the interview is being carried out in March 2023, the text
should refer to ‘since March 2022’. This also applies to D13, D14, D19 and D28.

Every day 01
Several times a week 02
Once a week 03
ASK D7
2-3 times a month 04
Once a month 05
Less than once a month 06
Never 07 GO TO D11
(Refusal) 77
ASK D7
(Don’t know) 88

ASK IF CODE 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 77 OR 88 AT D6

~D7 CARD 37 Please think about the last time you were drinking alcohol on a Monday,
a Tuesday, a Wednesday or a Thursday.
INTERVIEWER PAUSE TO ALLOW RESPONDENT TO CONSIDER THE
SHOWCARD.
How many of each of the drinks on this card did you have on that day?
Use this card to guide your answer.

INTERVIEWER PROBE: any other drinks?

INTERVIEWER: If respondent gives an answer that is not on the card, please refer to the box
below:

THIS BOX IS AN EXAMPLE BASED ON THE UK. TO BE ADAPTED BY COUNTRIES AS NEEDED.

Respondent says: Interviewer ask:

A gin & tonic / 2 vodkas / tequilas, etc Was that a single or double measure?
A pitcher / jug of beer How many pints would you say that was?
A bottle of vodka / gin / whisky / other spirits About how many shots of (…) would you say that
was? (Interviewer: Record number in ‘single
measures of spirits’)
A drink you haven’t heard of or don’t know how to Which of the drinks on this card would be closest
classify to what you drank?

INTERVIEWER RECORD NUMBER OF EACH TYPE OF DRINK:

(Never drink alcohol Monday to Thursday) 555

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

61All countries should include ‘wine, beer and spirits’ as examples. If cider is not a well-known drink,
countries may exclude this or substitute it with a different category of drink.
35
NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF D7: Country specific question. Translation of the source question wording
should be carried out as normal in all countries. Country specific answer categories and showcards will be
developed in consultation with ESS ERIC HQ. The interviewer guidance box referred to in the interviewer note
will also be country specific and agreed with ESS ERIC HQ.
Responses for D7 will be recoded into grams of alcohol before data deposit. See separate adaptation
guidelines for further information.

~D8 STILL CARD 37 Now please think about the last time you were drinking alcohol on a
Friday, a Saturday or a Sunday.
INTERVIEWER PAUSE TO ALLOW RESPONDENT TO CONSIDER THE
SHOWCARD.
How many of each of the drinks on this card did you have on that day?

INTERVIEWER PROBE: any other drinks?

INTERVIEWER: If respondent gives an answer that is not on the card, please refer to the box
below:

THIS BOX IS AN EXAMPLE BASED ON THE UK. TO BE ADAPTED BY COUNTRIES AS NEEDED.

Respondent says: Interviewer ask:

A gin & tonic / 2 vodkas / tequilas, etc Was that a single or double measure?
A pitcher / jug of beer How many pints would you say that was?
A bottle of vodka / gin / whisky / other spirits About how many shots of (…) would you say that
was? (Interviewer: Record number in ‘single
measures of spirits’)
A drink you haven’t heard of or don’t know how to Which of the drinks on this card would be closest
classify to what you drank?

INTERVIEWER RECORD NUMBER OF EACH TYPE OF DRINK:

(Never drink alcohol Friday to Sunday) 555

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF D8: Country specific question. Translation of the source question wording
should be carried out as normal in all countries. Country specific answer categories and showcards will be
developed in consultation with ESS ERIC HQ. The interviewer guidance box referred to in the interviewer note
will also be country specific and agreed with ESS ERIC HQ.
Responses for D8 will be recoded into grams of alcohol before data deposit. See separate adaptation
guidelines for further information.

~D9 INTERVIEWER CODE:

Respondent is male 1 ASK D10a
Respondent is female 2 GO TO D10b

36
ASK IF CODE 1 AT D9
~D10a CARD 38 This card shows six different examples of how much alcohol a person
might drink on a single occasion.
INTERVIEWER PAUSE TO ALLOW RESPONDENT TO CONSIDER THE
SHOWCARD.
In the last 12 months, how often have you drunk this amount of alcohol or more on
a single occasion? Was it... READ OUT...

...daily or almost daily, 1

weekly, 2
monthly, 3
GO TO
less than monthly, 4
D11
or, never? 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF CODE 2 AT D9
~D10b CARD 39 This card shows six different examples of how much alcohol a person
might drink on a single occasion.
INTERVIEWER PAUSE TO ALLOW RESPONDENT TO CONSIDER THE
SHOWCARD.
In the last 12 months, how often have you drunk this amount of alcohol or more on
a single occasion? Was it... READ OUT...

...daily or almost daily, 1

weekly, 2
monthly, 3
less than monthly, 4
or, never? 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF D10a & D10b: Country specific questions. Translation of the source
question wording should be carried out as normal in all countries. Country specific showcards will be
developed in consultation with ESS ERIC HQ.

37
ASK ALL
~D11 What is your height without shoes?
INTERVIEWER: If the respondent answers “don’t know” say: “please give
your best estimate”.
INTERVIEWER NOTE: 100 centimetres = ‘1 metre’ ‘00 cm’.

INTERVIEWER WRITE IN metres cm

.

OR

INTERVIEWER WRITE IN feet inches

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

~D12 What is your weight without shoes?

INTERVIEWER: If the respondent answers “don’t know” say: “please give
your best estimate”.

INTERVIEWER WRITE IN kilograms (kg)

OR

INTERVIEWER WRITE IN stones pounds (lbs)

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888
NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF D11 AND D12: National teams to choose whether metric or imperial or both
options appear at D11 and D12. If both metric and imperial are included, these should be presented in the
order most logical in the country. An ‘other’ option should also be included if only metric or only imperial
answers are provided for. Any ‘other’ responses should be post-coded by the survey agency into metric.

~D13 CARD 40 In the last 12 months, that is since [MONTH, YEAR], with which of the
health professionals on this card have you discussed your health?
CODE ALL THAT APPLY.
INTERVIEWER PROBE: ‘Any other’?
INTERVIEWER: include any form of communication and home visits.

General Practitioner62 1
Medical Specialist (excluding dentists) 2
(None of these) 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

62by 'General Practitioner' we mean the medical doctor who generally acts as the first contact for most health concerns.
Please use the appropriate term or phrase.
38
~D14 CARD 41 In the last 12 months, that is since [MONTH, YEAR], were you
ever unable to get a medical consultation or the treatment you needed for any
of the reasons listed on this card?

Yes 1 ASK D15

No 2 GO TO D16
(Refusal) 7 GO TO D17
(Don’t know) 8 GO TO D16

ASK IF CODE 1 AT D14

~D15 STILL CARD 41 Which of the reasons on the card explains why you were unable
to get this medical consultation or treatment?
CODE ALL THAT APPLY.
INTERVIEWER PROBE: ‘Any others’?

Could not pay for it 01

Could not take the time off work 02
Had other commitments 03
The treatment you needed was not available where you live or nearby 04
GO TO D17
The waiting list was too long 05
There were no appointments available 06
Other (WRITE IN)__________________________ 07
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

ASK IF CODE 2 OR 8 AT D14

~D16 Was that because...READ OUT...

... you were able to get any medical consultation or treatment 1

you needed,
or, you did not need a medical consultation or treatment in the 2
last 12 months?
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

39
ASK ALL
~D17 CARD 42 Do you spend any time looking after or giving help to family members, friends, neighbours, or
others because of any of the reasons on this card? Do not count anything you do as part of your paid
employment.
INTERVIEWER NOTE: Yes to any of the reasons on the card should be coded ‘yes’.

Yes 1 ASK D18

No 2
(Refusal) 7 GO TO D19
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF CODE 1 AT D17

~D18 CARD 43 In general, how many hours a week do you spend doing this? Please use
this card.

INTERVIEWER: If respondent spends different number of hours each week,

they should answer thinking about the time they spend on average per week.

(Less than 1 hour a week) 55

1-10 hours a week 01
11-20 hours a week 02
21-30 hours a week 03
31-40 hours a week 04
41-50 hours a week 05
More than 50 hours a week 06
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

40
ASK ALL
~D19 CARD 44 In the last 12 months, that is since [MONTH, YEAR], which of
the treatments on this card have you used for your own health?
PROBE: Which others?
CODE ALL THAT APPLY

Acupuncture 01
Acupressure 02
Chinese medicine63 03
Chiropractics 04
Osteopathy 05
Homeopathy 06
Herbal treatment 07
Hypnotherapy 08
Massage therapy 09
Physiotherapy 10
Reflexology 11
Spiritual Healing 12
(None of these) 55
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

63 meaning traditional Chinese Medicine not other forms of Asian medicine

41
CARD 45 I will now read out a list of the ways you might have felt or behaved during the past week. Using this
card, please tell me how much of the time during the past week…READ OUT…64

[Display before items D21-D27: STILL CARD 45 (IF NECESSARY: How much of the time during the past
week did you feel this way…?) READ OUT…]

None or
almost Some All or
none of the of the Most of almost all (Don’t
time time the time of the time (Refusal) know)

~D20 …you felt depressed? 1 2 3 4 7 8

…you felt that everything you

~D21 1 2 3 4 7 8
did was an effort?

~D22 …your sleep was restless? 1 2 3 4 7 8

~D23 …you were happy? 1 2 3 4 7 8

~D24 …you felt lonely? 1 2 3 4 7 8

~D25 …you enjoyed life? 1 2 3 4 7 8

~D26 …you felt sad? 1 2 3 4 7 8

~D27 …you could not get going65? 1 2 3 4 7 8

64 The same translation for this battery should be used as in D5-D12 in ESS6.
65 ‘could not get going’ in the sense of ‘felt lethargic and lacked motivation’.
42
~D28 CARD 46 Which of the health problems on this card have you had or
experienced in the last 12 months, that is since [MONTH, YEAR]? Just tell
me which letters apply to you. 66
PROBE: Which others?
CODE ALL THAT APPLY

Z 01
F 02
T 03
K 04
H 05
Y 06 ASK D29
Q 07
E 08
L 09
B 10
M 11
(None of these) - 55
(Refusal) - 77 GO TO D30
(Don’t know) - 88

66The actual health problems should not appear in the questionnaire given to interviewers. Interviewers should only see
the letters and corresponding numeric code.
43
ASK IF CODE 01- 11 AT D28
~D29 STILL CARD 46 And which of the health problems that you had or experienced in
the last 12 months hampered67 you in your daily activities in any way? Again, just tell
me which letters apply to you. PROBE: Which others?
CODE ALL THAT APPLY

PROGRAMMING NOTE: Response list here should be filtered to only include codes selected at
D28 (+ None of these, Refusal and Don’t know).

Z 01
F 02
T 03
K 04
H 05
Y 06
Q 07
E 08
L 09
B 10
M 11
(None of these) 55
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

ASK ALL
~D30 CARD 47 Do you have or have you ever had any of the health problems listed
on this card?
IF YES, is that currently or previously?

Yes, currently 1 GO TO D32

Yes, previously 2 ASK D31
No, never 3
(Refusal) 7 GO TO D32
(Don’t know) 8

67 Hampered – limiting or restricting you in your daily activities.

44
ASK IF CODE 2 AT D30
D3168 CARD 48 May I ask you, for how long have you been cancer-free69?
By ‘cancer-free’ we mean that there have been no signs of cancer in tests or scans.

Less than 5 years 1

5 to 10 years 2
More than 10 years 3
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK ALL
~D32 CARD 49 Using this card, please tell me how often there was serious
conflict70 between the people living in your household when you were
growing up?

Always 1
Often 2
Sometimes 3
Hardly ever 4
Never 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

~D33 STILL CARD 49 Using the same card, please tell me how often you and your
family experienced severe financial difficulties when you were growing up?

Always 1
Often 2
Sometimes 3
Hardly ever 4
Never 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

68 NEW QUESTION: Follow-up to D29 for respondents who answered that they had cancer previously.
69 If ‘cancer-free’ cannot be directly translated into your language, aim for the meaning of ‘free from cancer’, ‘living without
cancer’, as described in the second sentence of this question.
70 ‘conflict’ in the sense of ‘tension, verbal arguments or physical violence’.

45
SECTION E (GENDER)

Now some questions on a different topic.

E1 CARD 50 Which of the options on this card best describes you71?

A man72 1
A woman 2
Other (TYPE IN) ______________________________ 3
Prefer not to answer 7
(Don’t know) 8

CARD 51 Using this card, please tell me to what extent the following statements describe you.

E2. CARD 51 I like to take risks.

(IF NECESSARY: To what extent does this describe you?)

Not at all73 0
1
2
3
4
5
Completely 6

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

71 If the pronoun ‘you’ in this question is gendered in your language, please translate this question in a gender-neutral
way (avoid using ‘you’), for instance: “Which of the options on this card is most applicable?” or “Please select the most
applicable option on this card.”
72 ‘I am’ can be added before ‘A man’ and ‘A woman’ if preferred.
73 If ‘not at all’ is difficult to translate as a standalone phrase, you may use the verb ‘describe’ in the scale labels: ‘Does

not describe me at all’/ ‘Completely describes me’. That applies to all similar scales in this module.
46
E3. STILL CARD 51 I like to be a leader74

(IF NECESSARY: To what extent does this describe you?)

Not at all 0
1
2
3
4
5
Completely 6

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E4. STILL CARD 51 I am sensitive to others’ needs75

(IF NECESSARY: To what extent does this describe you?)

Not at all 0
1
2
3
4
5
Completely 6

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

74 ‘leader’ should be translated in a general sense (i.e. not referring to specific types of leaders). The meaning is
equivalent to someone who takes leadership or acts with authority. If there are problems translating ‘leader’, this can be
translated as ‘I like to take the lead’.
75 This should be translated in the sense of being understanding towards others’ needs. It should not convey a sense of

pitying others.
47
E5. STILL CARD 51 I act compassionately towards others76

(IF NECESSARY: To what extent does this describe you?)

Not at all 0
1
2
3
4
5
Completely 6

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

Regardless of whether they were born male or female, people sometimes differ in how masculine or feminine
they feel.

[RANDOMISE ORDER OF E6 AND E7]

E6 CARD 52 / CARD 52M / CARD 52F77 Overall, how masculine78 would you say you feel79? Please take
your answer from this card.

Not at all masculine 0

1
2
3
4
5
Very masculine 6

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

76 This could be translated as ‘I act with empathy’ in cases where ‘compassionately’ cannot be easily translated.
77 Card 52 should be used in countries where the same showcard can be used for male and female respondents. For
countries where there is a need to adapt the showcard for male and female respondents (i.e. to show words in
grammatical feminine gender to women and words in grammatical masculine gender to men), two different showcards
should be prepared: 52M for male respondents and 52F for female respondents. Interviewers should be instructed to use
the relevant version based on the respondent’s gender (as given at E1). For respondents who select ‘other’ or prefer not
to say’ at E1, the interviewer should allow the respondent to select between the two showcards.
78 Masculine – this refers to behaviours and characteristics that are perceived to be expected from boys or men.
79 If ‘you’ or the adjective ‘masculine’ is gendered in your language, try using an adverb instead (e.g. “how masculinely do

you feel”). If you opt for this solution, please make sure that the words you use in the question stem are also on the
showcard.
48
E7 CARD 53 / CARD 53M / CARD 53F80 Overall, how feminine81 would you say you feel82? Please take
your answer from this card.

Not at all feminine 0

1
2
3
4
5
Very feminine 6

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF ‘A man’ or ‘A woman’ at E1 (E1 = 1 or 2)

Many things can influence how people think about themselves. These may include where they are born, their
profession, their age, or whether they are a man or a woman.

ASK IF ‘A man’ at E1 (E1 = 1)

E8M CARD 54 Using this card, how important is being a man to the way you83 think about yourself84?

Not at all important 0

1
2
3
4
5
Extremely important 6

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

80 Card 53 should be used in countries where the same showcard can be used for male and female respondents. For
countries where there is a need to adapt the showcard for male and female respondents (i.e. to show words in
grammatical feminine gender to women and words in grammatical masculine gender to men), two different showcards
should be prepared: 53M for male respondents and 53F for female respondents. Interviewers should be instructed to use
the relevant version based on the respondent’s gender (as given at E1). For respondents who select ‘other’ or prefer not
to say’ at E1, the interviewer should allow the respondent to select between the two showcards.
81 Feminine – this refers to behaviours and characteristics that are perceived to be expected from girls or women.
82 If ‘you’ or the adjective ‘feminine’ is gendered in your language, try using an adverb instead (e.g. “how femininely do

you feel”). If ‘you’ or the adjective ‘feminine’ is gendered in your language, try using an adverb instead (e.g. “how
femininely do you feel”). If you opt for this solution, please make sure that the words you use in the question stem are
also on the showcard.
83 Please take into account that because of the routing, only people identifying as a man will be asked this item – so the

masculine form of “you” should be used here, if applicable in your language.

84 The meaning of ‘the way you think about yourself’ is equivalent to ‘how you perceive yourself’. It can also be translated

as ‘your identity’ if preferred, but please consider whether ’identity’ would be understood by the broad public in your
country.
49
ASK IF ‘A woman’ at E1 (E1 = 2)
E8W CARD 54 Using this card, how important is being a woman to the way you85 think about yourself?

Not at all important 0

1
2
3
4
5
Extremely important 6

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF ‘A man’ at E1 (E1 = 1)

E9M The next questions are about your personal experiences.

CARD 55 Using this card, have you felt you have been unfairly treated86 when visiting a doctor87 or
seeking medical treatment88 because you are a man?

Yes – once 1
Yes – more than once 2
No 3
Have never visited doctor or sought medical treatment 4
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E10M CARD 56 Using this card, have you felt you have been unfairly treated in hiring, pay or promotion at
work because you are a man?

Yes – once 1
Yes – more than once 2
No 3
Have never had job or applied for a job 4
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

85 Please take into account that because of the routing, only people identifying as a woman will be asked this item – so
the feminine form of “you” should be used here, if applicable in your language.
86 This is equivalent to unjust treatment.
87 The translation of ‘doctor’ should cover both genders or be gender-neutral.
88 This refers to looking for/trying to get treatment rather than actually receiving the treatment. This applies to all instances

where the verb “seek” (seeking / sought) is used in this context in this module.

50
E11M CARD 57 Using this card, have you felt you have been unfairly treated by the police because you are
a man?

Yes – once 1
Yes – more than once 2
No 3
Have never had any contact with the police 4
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF ‘A woman’ at E1 (E1 = 2)

E9W The next questions are about your personal experiences.

CARD 55 Using this card, have you felt you have been unfairly treated when visiting a doctor or
seeking medical treatment because you are a woman?

Yes – once 1
Yes – more than once 2
No 3
Have never visited doctor or sought medical treatment 4
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E10W CARD 56 Using this card, have you felt you have been unfairly treated in hiring, pay or promotion at
work because you are a woman?

Yes – once 1
Yes – more than once 2
No 3
Have never had job or applied for a job 4
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E11W CARD 57 Using this card, have you felt you have been unfairly treated by the police because you are
a woman?

Yes – once 1
Yes – more than once 2
No 3
Have never had any contact with the police 4
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

51
ASK ALL
E12 CARD 58 Now think generally about how things are currently in [country]. Based on your impression,
for the next two situations, would you say that women and men are treated equally fairly or not? Take
your answer from this card.

First, when seeking medical treatment?

Women are treated less fairly than men 1

Men are treated less fairly than women 2
Women and men are treated equally fairly89 3
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E13 STILL CARD 58 And what about in hiring, pay or promotions at work?

Women are treated less fairly than men 1

Men are treated less fairly than women 2
Women and men are treated equally fairly 3
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E14 CARD 59 Taking your answer from this card, generally speaking, would you say that the police90 in
[country] treat women less fairly than men, treat men less fairly than women, or do they treat women
and men equally fairly?

The police treat women less fairly than men 1

The police treat men less fairly than women 2
Women and men are treated equally fairly 3
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

89 This response category should be translated in a way that conveys equal treatment in terms of fairness. It should cover
cases where both women and men are treated fairly to an equal extent AND cases where they are both treated unfairly to
an equal extent. It can be translated as “There is no difference in how fairly men and women are treated” if this makes the
meaning easier to convey in your language.
90 When translating ‘the police’, please use the same term as used at B8.

52
E15 CARD 60 Using this card, in general, how bad or good is it for family life91 in [country] if equal numbers
of women and men are in paid work?

Very bad for family life in [country] 0

1
2
3
4
5
Very good for family life in [country] 6

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E16 CARD 61 Using this card, in general, how bad or good is it for politics in [country] if equal numbers of
women and men are in positions of political leadership92?

Very bad for politics in [country] 0

1
2
3
4
5
Very good for politics in [country] 6

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

91 This should be translated in the sense of ‘for the lives of families in [country]’ rather than referring to an individual
family.
92 ‘political leadership’ covers leaders of political parties and government ministers.

53
E17 CARD 62 Using this card, in general, how bad or good is it for businesses93 in [country] if equal
numbers of women and men are in higher management positions?

Very bad for businesses in [country] 0

1
2
3
4
5
Very good for businesses in [country] 6

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E18 CARD 63 Using this card, in general, how bad or good is it for the strength94 of the economy in
[country] if women and men receive equal pay for doing the same work?

Very bad for the strength of the economy in [country] 0

1
2
3
4
5
Very good for the strength of the economy in [country] 6

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E19 CARD 64 Using this card, to what extent are you in favour or against a legal measure95 that requires
dividing the number of seats in Parliament96 equally between women and men97?

Strongly in favour 1
Somewhat in favour 2
Neither in favour nor against 3
Somewhat against 4
Strongly against 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

93 ‘Businesses’ in the sense of private sector organisations or companies. This covers both large companies and small
organisations/companies.
94 ‘strength’ may be translated as ‘performance’ if preferred.
95 ‘legal measure’ in the sense of ‘act of law’ or ‘piece of legislation’. This also applies to E20.
96 If ‘Parliament’ is not a meaningful term in your country, an alternative national equivalent can be used.
97 This can be translated in the sense of having an equal number of women and men MPs.

54
E20 STILL CARD 64 Imagine a couple who both work full-time and earn roughly the same amount, and
now have a newborn child. Both are eligible for paid leave98 if they stop working for some time to care
for their child.

Still using this card, to what extent are you in favour or against a legal measure that requires both
parents to take equal periods99 of paid leave to care for their child?

Strongly in favour 1
Somewhat in favour 2
Neither in favour nor against 3
Somewhat against 4
Strongly against 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E21 STILL CARD 64 Still using this card, to what extent are you in favour or against firing employees100
who make insulting comments to women in the workplace?

Strongly in favour 1
Somewhat in favour 2
Neither in favour nor against 3
Somewhat against 4
Strongly against 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E22 STILL CARD 64 Still using this card, to what extent are you in favour or against making businesses
pay a fine101 when they pay men more than women for doing the same work?

Strongly in favour 1
Somewhat in favour 2
Neither in favour nor against 3
Somewhat against 4
Strongly against 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

98 If there is an official national term for paid parental leave, this can be used here.
99 ‘equal periods’ can be translated as the same length of time.
100 ‘firing employees’ in the sense of sacking them or terminating their employment contract.
101 Fine in the sense of paying a monetary penalty if found to be paying women less.

55
Next a series of questions concerning men and women in society today.

E23 CARD 65 Using this card, in your opinion, how often do women seek to gain power by getting control
over men102?

Never 1
Rarely 2
Sometimes 3
Often 4
Always 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E24 STILL CARD 65 Still using this card, in your opinion, how often do women get easily offended103?

Never 1
Rarely 2
Sometimes 3
Often 4
Always 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E25 STILL CARD 65 Still using this card, in your opinion, how often are women paid less than men for the
same work in [country]?

Never 1
Rarely 2
Sometimes 3
Often 4
Always 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

102 When translating this item, please differentiate between ‘gain power’ and ‘getting control’: gaining power is general (in
society) whereas getting control applies to women’s control over men. ‘Getting control over men’ can be translated as
‘manipulating men’ if this is preferred or felt to be more appropriate in your language.
103 “offended” should be translated in the sense of feeling annoyed or irritated, typically because of a perceived insult.

56
E26 CARD 66 Now using this card, in your opinion, how often do women exaggerate104 claims of sexual
harassment105 in the workplace?

Never 1
Rarely 2
Sometimes 3
Often 4
Always 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E27 CARD 67 Now using this card, how much do you agree or disagree that women should be protected106
by men?

Agree strongly 1
Agree 2
Neither agree nor disagree 3
Disagree 4
Disagree strongly 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

E28 STILL CARD 67 Still using this card, how much do you agree or disagree that women tend to have a
better sense of what is right and wrong107 compared with men?

Agree strongly 1
Agree 2
Neither agree nor disagree 3
Disagree 4
Disagree strongly 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

104 ‘exaggerate claims’ means they generally exaggerate when it comes to sexual harassment (e.g. claim that it happened
rather than not, claim that it was more serious than it was, etc.). This can be translated in the sense of “make
exaggerated claims”. “Claim” could be translated in the sense of “report” / “statement”.
105 A definition of sexual harassment is included on the showcard for the respondent.
106 This covers both physical and psychological protection.
107 “right or wrong” should be translated in the moral sense.

57
SECTION F

Now, I would like to ask you some details about yourself and others in your
household.

F1 Including yourself, how many people – including children – live here

regularly as members of this household?

TYPE IN NUMBER:

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

[Programme F2 and F3 so that they are coded/asked first about the respondent, and then about each
household member. Before asking F2 and F3 about the respondent, display the text below.]

COLLECT DETAILS OF RESPONDENT

[Before asking F2 to F4 about each other household member, display the text below. Include an
optional text field where respondents can enter the name or initials of each household member. F2 and
F3 should display the names or initials of each household member if entered by the interviewer. If no
names or initials are entered, programme F3 to display a male or female wording as appropriate based
on the response provided about the household member at F2.]

NOW ENTER DETAILS OF OTHER HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS, IN DESCENDING ORDER OF

AGE (OLDEST FIRST).
FOR EASE, IT MAY BE USEFUL TO ADD THE NAMES OR INITIALS OF EACH
HOUSEHOLD MEMBER WHERE INDICATED.

OPTIONAL: FIRST NAME OR INITIALS ______________

F2 CODE SEX

F3 And in what year {were you/ was he/she} born? (Refusal = 7777; Don’t know = 8888)

[Programme F4 so that it is asked about each household member excluding the respondent,
displaying the names or initials of each household member if entered by the interviewer. If no names
or initials are entered, programme F4 to display a male or female wording as appropriate based on the
response provided about the household member at F2.]

F4 CARD 68 Looking at this card, what relationship is {he/she} to you?

[This page (questions F1-F4) to face following page (household grid)]

58
Descending age order (oldest first) ------------------------------→
Person 01 02 03 04 05 06
(respondent)
OPTIONAL:
First Name or initial

F2 Sex
Male 1 1 1 1 1 1
Female 2 2 2 2 2 2

F3 Year born

F4 Relationship
Husband/wife/partner 01 01 01 01 01
Son/daughter (inc. step, 02 02 02 02 02
adopted, foster, child of partner)
Parent, parent-in-law, partner’s 03 03 03 03 03
parent, step parent
Brother/sister (inc. step, adopted, 04 04 04 04 04
foster)
Other relative 05 05 05 05 05
Other non-relative 06 06 06 06 06
(Refusal) 77 77 77 77 77
(Don’t know) 88 88 88 88 88

Descending age order (oldest first) ------------------------------→

Person 07 08 09 10 11 12

OPTIONAL:
First Name or initial

F2 Sex
Male 1 1 1 1 1 1
Female 2 2 2 2 2 2

F3 Year born

F4 Relationship
Husband/wife/partner 01 01 01 01 01 01
Son/daughter (inc. step, adopted, 02 02 02 02 02 02
foster, child of partner)
Parent, parent-in-law, partner’s 03 03 03 03 03 03
parent, step parent
Brother/sister (inc. step, adopted, 04 04 04 04 04 04
foster)
Other relative 05 05 05 05 05 05
Other non-relative 06 06 06 06 06 06
(Refusal) 77 77 77 77 77 77
(Don’t know) 88 88 88 88 88 88

59
 [F5 Interviewer-coded variable removed]

ASK IF LIVING WITH HUSBAND/WIFE/PARTNER AT F4 (IF 01 AT F4)

F6 CARD 69 You just told me that you live with your husband / wife / partner.
Which one of the descriptions on this card describes your relationship to them108?

Legally married 01
ASK F7
In a legally registered civil union 02
Living with my partner (cohabiting) - not legally recognised 03
GO TO F8
Living with my partner (cohabiting) - legally recognised 04
Legally separated 05
Legally divorced / Civil union dissolved 06
ASK F7
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

NOTE ON CATEGORIES FOR F6 (CARD 69)

The set of country-specific categories that are applicable to F6 and are listed in the Consultation outcomes
for marital status on the ESS11 NC Intranet should be made available to interviewers.

ASK IF NOT LIVING WITH HUSBAND/WIFE/PARTNER AT F4 OR NOT COHABITING WITH PARTNER AT

F6 (IF NOT 01 AT F4, OR IF F6 = 01, 02, 05, 06, 77, 88)
F7 And can I just check have you ever lived with a partner, without being married to them
(or in a civil union)109?
Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK ALL
F8 Can I just check have you ever been divorced or had a civil union110 dissolved?

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

[F9 and F10 Interviewer-coded variables removed]

108 Note that these sentences should be translated to provide the same stimulus in ALL countries.
109 Countries should include the highlighted text only if civil unions are included at F6. Where these are included the
country-specific names should be added here. Legally recognised forms of cohabitation should NOT be included or
inferred.
110 See previous footnote.

60
 ASK IF NOT LIVING WITH A HUSBAND/WIFE/PARTNER AT F4 OR ARE COHABITING AT F6 (IF NOT 01
AT F4, OR IF F6 = 03, 04)
F11 CARD 70 This question is about your legal marital status not about who you
may or may not be living with. Which one of the descriptions on this card
describes your legal marital status now?

CODE ONE ONLY: PRIORITY CODE111

Legally married 01
In a legally registered civil union 02
Legally separated 03
Legally divorced / Civil union dissolved 04
Widowed / Civil partner died 05
None of these (NEVER married or in legally registered civil
06
union)

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

NOTE ON CATEGORIES FOR F11 (CARD 70)

The set of country-specific categories that are applicable to F11 and are listed in the Consultation outcomes
for marital status on the ESS11 NC Intranet should be made available to interviewers.

[F12 Interviewer-coded variable removed]

ASK IF NOT LIVING WITH CHILDREN AT HOME AT F4 (IF NOT 02 at F4)

F13 Have you ever had any children of your own, step-children, adopted
children, foster children or a partner’s children living in your household?

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

111 Reading from the top to the bottom of the list, code the answer given from the highest point on the list, e.g. if the
respondent says that they are married (code 01) and divorced (code 04) the interviewer should code this as 01.
61
ASK ALL
F14 CARD 71 Which phrase on this card best describes the
area where you live?

A big city 1
The suburbs or outskirts of a big city 2
A town or a small city 3
A country village 4
A farm or home in the countryside 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

**F14a112113 CARD 72114 Do any of the problems listed on this card apply to your
accommodation? Just tell me which letters apply to you.
INTERVIEWER PROBE: Which others?

INTERVIEWER NOTE: If respondent has more than one home, they should think
about the accommodation where they spend most of their time.

CODE ALL THAT APPLY

Z 01
F 02
T 03
K 04
H 05
Y 06
Q 07
E 08
(None of these) - 55
(Refusal) - 77
(Don’t know) - 88

112F14a is part of the Round 11 rotating module on Health.

113 NEW QUESTION: F14a from the ESS7 Source Questionnaire has been amended to ask what specific housing
problems the respondent experiences. Two new answer categories have been added (‘Noise’ and ‘Presence of insects or
rodents (for example, mice)’) and one has been revised for clarity (‘Neither bath nor shower’, which was previously ‘Lack
of bath and shower’ in Round 7).
114 The actual problems with the accommodation should not appear in the questionnaire given to interviewers.

Interviewers should only see the letters and corresponding numeric code.
62
[To be asked as a country-specific question(s). To be recoded into the ESS Education Detailed ISCED
Coding Frame].
F15 CARD 73 What is the highest level of education you have successfully completed? Please use this card.

INTERVIEWER: Successful completion occurs when either:

• a formal certificate is issued after an assessment indicating that the course has been passed;
• a course or period of education is fully attended but no certificate is ever issued;
• a course or period of education is fully attended and a certificate of attendance is issued (and
no other certificates e.g. for passing the course are ever issued).

not completed ISCED level 1 000

ISCED 1, completed primary education 113
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to ISCED 129
3
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 3 221
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 222
Qualification from a vocational ISCED 2 programme giving access to ISCED 3 (general or all) 223
Qualification from general/pre-vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 212
Qualification from general ISCED 2A programmes, access to ISCED 3A general or all 3 213
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to ISCED 229
level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 321
level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 322
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 323
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3 programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED level 5 311
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3A/3B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 312
Qualification from general ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 313
institutions
Qualification from ISCED 4 programmes without access to ISCED level 5 421
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 422
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A or all ISCED level 5 423
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 412
Qualification from general ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 413
institutions
ISCED 5B programmes of short duration, advanced vocational qualifications 520
ISCED 5A programmes of short duration, intermediate certificate or academic/general tertiary qualification 510
below the bachelor’s level
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from a lower 610
tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from an 620
upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from a 710
lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 720
an upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 6, doctoral degree 800
(Other) 5555
(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

63
 ASK ALL
F16 About how many years of education have you completed, whether full-time or
part-time? Please report these in full-time equivalents and include compulsory
years of schooling.

INTERVIEWER: round answer up or down to the nearest whole year.

TYPE IN:
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

F17a CARD 74 Using this card, which of these descriptions applies to what you have
been doing for the last 7 days? Select all that apply.
PROMPT Which others?

CODE ALL THAT APPLY

in paid work (or away temporarily) (employee, self-employed, 01

working for your family business)

in education, (not paid for by employer) even if on vacation 02

unemployed and actively looking for a job 03
unemployed, wanting a job but not actively looking for a job 04
permanently sick or disabled 05
retired 06
in community or military service115 07
doing housework, looking after children or other persons 08
(other) 09

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

[F17b Interviewer-coded variable removed]

115 This code does not apply to jobs in the military but to compulsory military and community service only. The category
should be removed in countries where there is no compulsory military service (or equivalent compulsory community
service served as an alternative to compulsory military service).
64
 ASK IF MORE THAN ONE CODED AT F17a
F17c STILL CARD 74 And which of these descriptions best describes your situation (in the last seven
days)?
Please select only one.

CODE ONE ANSWER ONLY

PROGRAMMING NOTE: Response list here should be filtered to only include codes selected at
F17a (+ Refusal and Don’t know).

in paid work (or away temporarily) (employee, self-employed, 01

working for your family business)

in education, (not paid for by employer) even if on vacation 02

unemployed and actively looking for a job 03
unemployed, wanting a job but not actively looking for a job 04
permanently sick or disabled 05
retired 06
in community or military service116 07
doing housework, looking after children or other persons 08
(other) 09

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

[F17d Interviewer-coded variable removed]

ASK IF NOT IN PAID WORK AT F17a (IF NOT 01 at F17a)

F18 Can I just check, did you do any paid work of an hour or more
in the last seven days?
Yes 1 GO TO F21
No 2
ASK F19
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF NO OR DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT F18 (IF F18 = 2, 7, 8)

F19 Have you ever had a paid job?
Yes 1 ASK F20
No 2
GO TO F36
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

116 This code does not apply to jobs in the military but to compulsory military and community service only. The category
should be removed in countries where there is no compulsory military service (or equivalent compulsory community
service served as an alternative to compulsory military service).
65
 ASK IF YES AT F19 (IF F19 = 1)
F20 In what year were you last in a paid job?

TYPE IN YEAR:

(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

[If respondent currently in work (code 01 at F17a or code 1 at F18), programme F21 to F34a to use
present tense and refer to current job; if not in paid work but had a job in the past (code 1 at F19),
programme F21 to F34a to use past tense and refer to last job.]

INTERVIEWER: If respondent currently in work, F21 to F34a refer to their current job; if not in paid
work but had a job in the past, F21 to F34a refer to their last job.117

INTERVIEWER: If the respondent has more than one job, they should answer about the one which
occupies them for the most hours per week. If they have two jobs that are exactly equal, they should
answer about the more highly paid of the two.

ASK IF IN PAID WORK AT F17a OR F18, OR NOT IN PAID WORK BUT HAD A JOB IN THE PAST AT F19
(IF 01 AT F17a OR F18 = 1 OR F19 = 1)
F21 In your main job {are/were} you… READ OUT…

…an employee, 1 GO TO F23

self-employed, 2 ASK F22

or, working for your own family’s business? 3

GO TO F23
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF SELF-EMPLOYED AT F21 (IF F21 = 2)

F22 How many employees (if any) {do/did} you have?

TYPE IN number of employees: GO TO F24

(Refusal) 77777
(Don’t know) 88888

ASK IF EMPLOYEE OR FAMILY BUSINESS OR DON’T KNOW/REFUSAL AT F21 (IF F21 = 1, 3, 7, 8)

F23 {Do/did} you have a work contract of… READ OUT…

…unlimited duration, 1
or, limited duration, 2
or, do/did you have no contract? 3

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

117 NEW INTERVIEWER NOTE added in ESS10. Variation of the first interviewer note before F21 in ESS9. Please refer to
this interviewer note for translation.
66
 ASK IF IN PAID WORK AT F17a OR F18, OR NOT IN PAID WORK BUT HAD A JOB IN THE PAST AT F19
(IF 01 AT F17a OR F18 = 1 OR F19 = 1)
F24 Including yourself, about how many people {are/were} employed at the place
where you usually {work/worked}… READ OUT…

…under 10, 1
10 to 24, 2
25 to 99, 3
100 to 499, 4
or, 500 or more? 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

F25 In your main job, {do/did} you have any responsibility for supervising118
the work of other employees?

Yes 1 ASK F26

No 2
GO TO F27
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF YES AT F25 (IF F25 = 1)

F26 How many people {are/were} you responsible for?

TYPE IN:

(Refusal) 77777
(Don’t know) 88888

118 ‘Supervising’: intended in the sense of both monitoring and being responsible for the work of others.
67
ASK IF IN PAID WORK AT F17a OR F18, OR NOT IN PAID WORK BUT HAD A JOB IN THE
PAST AT F19 (IF 01 AT F17a OR F18 = 1 OR F19 = 1)
CARD 75 I am going to read out a list of things about your working life.
Using this card, please say how much the management at your work
{allows/allowed} you… READ OUT…

[Display before item F28: STILL CARD 75 (IF NECESSARY: Please say how much the management at your
work {allows/allowed} you…) READ OUT…]

I have/had I have/had
no complete (Refu- (Don’t
influence control sal) know)

F27 …to decide how

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
your own daily work
{is/was} organised?

F28 …to influence

00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 77 88
policy decisions
about the activities
of the organisation?

F29 What {are/were} your total ‘basic’ or contracted hours

each week (in your main job), excluding any paid and
unpaid overtime?

INTERVIEWER: 0 hours contract should be coded as 0 hours.

Acceptable range of responses is between 0 and 168 hours.

TYPE IN HOURS:

(Do not have set ‘basic’ or contracted number of hours) 555

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

F30 Regardless of your basic or contracted hours, how many hours

{do/did} you normally work a week (in your main job), including
any paid or unpaid overtime.

INTERVIEWER: Acceptable range of responses is between 0 and

168 hours.

TYPE IN HOURS:

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

68
F31 What {does/did} the firm/organisation you {work/worked} for mainly
make or do? TYPE IN
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

F32 CARD 76 Which of the types of organisation on this card {do/did} you work for?
CODE ONE ANSWER ONLY

Central or local government 01

Other public sector (such as education and health) 02
A state-owned enterprise 03
A private firm 04
Self-employed 05
Other 06

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

F33 What {is/was} the name or title of your main job?

TYPE IN
_____________________________________________________

F34 In your main job, what kind of work {do/did} you do most of the time?
TYPE IN
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

F34a What training or qualifications {are/were} needed for the job?

TYPE IN
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

[If additional country-specific questions are required for national occupation and industry coding
systems, add HERE]

69
F35 In the last 10 years have you done any paid work in
another country for a period of 6 months or more?
Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

**F35a119 CARD 77 In any of the jobs you have ever had, which of the things120
on this card were you exposed to?
INTERVIEWER PROBE: Which others?
CODE ALL THAT APPLY

Vibrations from hand tools or machinery 1

Tiring or painful positions 2
Manually lifting121 or moving people 3
Manually carrying122 or moving heavy loads 4
(None of these) 5
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

**F35b123 CARD 78 And in any of the jobs you have ever had, which of the things
on this card were you exposed to?
INTERVIEWER PROBE: Which others?
CODE ALL THAT APPLY

Very loud noise 01

Very hot temperatures 02
Very cold temperatures 03
Radiation such as X-rays 04
Handling, breathing in or being in contact with chemical 05
products, vapours or substances124
Breathing in other types of smoke, fumes125, powder or dust 06
(None of these) 55
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

119 F35a is part of the Round 11 rotating module on Health.

120 ‘things’ – translators should use a neutral term that does not convey problems.
121 ‘Lifting’ in the sense of picking people up.
122 ‘Carrying’ in the sense of picking something up and moving it.
123 F35b is part of the Round 11 rotating module on Health.
124 Chemical refers to products, vapours and substances.
125 Fumes in the sense of gases.

70
ASK ALL
F36 Have you ever been unemployed and seeking work
for a period of more than three months?
Yes 1 ASK F37
No 2
GO TO F39
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF YES AT F36 (IF F36 = 1)

F37 Have any of these periods lasted for 12 months or more?

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

F38 Have any of these periods been within the past 5 years?

INTERVIEWER: ‘These periods’ refer to the periods of more than

3 months at F36.

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK ALL
F39 Are you or have you ever been a member of a trade union
or similar organisation? IF YES, is that currently or previously?

Yes, currently 1
Yes, previously 2
No 3

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

71
F40 CARD 79 Please consider the income of all household members and
any income which may be received by the household as a whole. What
is the main source of income in your household? Please use this card.

Wages or salaries 01
Income from self-employment (excluding farming) 02
Income from farming 03
Pensions 04
Unemployment/redundancy benefit 05
Any other social benefits or grants 06
Income from investment, savings, insurance or property 07
Income from other sources 08

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

72
 F41 CARD 80 Using this card, please tell me which letter describes your
household's total income, after tax and compulsory deductions, from all
sources? If you don't know the exact figure, please give an estimate.
Use the part of the card that you know best: weekly, monthly or annual
income126.
J 01
R 02
C 03
M 04
F 05
S 06
K 07
P 08
D 09
H 10

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

NOTE ON FRAMING DECILE INCOME QUESTION, CATEGORIES AND CARD

An income showcard should be devised with approximate weekly, monthly and annual amounts. You
should use ten income range categories, each corresponding broadly to DECILES OF THE ACTUAL
HOUSEHOLD INCOME RANGE in your country. Please see the ESS11 Data Protocol (https://ess.nsd.no)
for guidance on data sources to refer to and further instructions on the construction of categories.

Please note that a showcard must always be used at this question. The ten rows on the showcard should
display the income ranges selected and be preceded by the ten letters used above (or their Cyrillic equivalent)
which helps to ensure respondent confidentiality. Each country can choose whether to include weekly, monthly
or annual amounts on the showcard or include more than one of these as appropriate. The text in the last
sentence of F41 (above) should be rephrased to match the solution selected. Queries should be referred to
[email protected].

F42 CARD 81 Which of the descriptions on this card comes closest to how
you feel127 about your household’s income nowadays?

Living comfortably on present income 1

Coping on present income 2
Finding it difficult on present income 3
Finding it very difficult on present income 4

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

[F43 Interviewer-coded variable removed]

126 The actual amounts must NOT appear on the questionnaire. Only the letters and the corresponding numeric codes.
127 ‘Feel’: ‘describe’, ‘view’ or ‘see’.
73
ASK IF LIVING WITH HUSBAND/WIFE/PARTNER AT F4 (IF 01 AT F4)
[To be asked as a country-specific question(s). To be recoded into the ESS Education Detailed ISCED
Coding Frame].
F44 CARD 82 What is the highest level of education your husband/wife/partner has successfully
completed? Please use this card.
INTERVIEWER: Successful completion occurs when either:
• a formal certificate is issued after an assessment indicating that the course has been passed;
• a course or period of education is fully attended but no certificate is ever issued;
• a course or period of education is fully attended and a certificate of attendance is issued (and
no other certificates e.g. for passing the course are ever issued).
not completed ISCED level 1 000
ISCED 1, completed primary education 113
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to 129
ISCED 3
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 3 221
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 222
Qualification from a vocational ISCED 2 programme giving access to ISCED 3 (general or all) 223
Qualification from general/pre-vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 212
Qualification from general ISCED 2A programmes, access to ISCED 3A general or all 3 213
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to 229
ISCED level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 321
level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 322
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 323
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3 programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED level 311
5 institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3A/3B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 312
Qualification from general ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 313
institutions
Qualification from ISCED 4 programmes without access to ISCED level 5 421
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 422
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A or all ISCED level 5 423
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 412
Qualification from general ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 413
institutions
ISCED 5B programmes of short duration, advanced vocational qualifications 520
ISCED 5A programmes of short duration, intermediate certificate or academic/general tertiary 510
qualification below the bachelor’s level
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from a 610
lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from an 620
upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 710
a lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 720
an upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 6, doctoral degree 800
(Other) 5555
(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

74
 F45a CARD 83 Which of the descriptions on this card applies to
what he/she has been doing for the last 7 days? Select all that apply.
PROMPT Which others?
CODE ALL THAT APPLY

in paid work (or away temporarily) (employee, self-employed, 01

working for your family business)
in education, (not paid for by employer) even if on vacation 02
unemployed and actively looking for a job 03
unemployed, wanting a job but not actively looking for a job 04
permanently sick or disabled 05
retired 06
in community or military service128 07
doing housework, looking after children or other persons 08
(other) 09

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

[F45b Interviewer-coded variable removed]

ASK IF MORE THAN ONE CODED AT F45a

F45c STILL CARD 83 And which of the descriptions on this card best
describes his/her situation (in the last 7 days)? Please select only one.

PROGRAMMING NOTE: Response list here should be filtered to only include codes selected at
F45a (+ Refusal and Don’t know).

in paid work (or away temporarily) (employee, self-employed, 01

working for your family business)
in education, (not paid for by employer) even if on vacation 02
unemployed and actively looking for a job 03
unemployed, wanting a job but not actively looking for a job 04
permanently sick or disabled 05
retired 06
in community or military service129 07
doing housework, looking after children or other persons 08
(other) 09

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

128 This code does not apply to jobs in the military but to compulsory military and community service only. The category
should be removed in countries where there is no compulsory military service (or equivalent compulsory community
service served as an alternative to compulsory military service).
129 This code does not apply to jobs in the military but to compulsory military and community service only. The category

should be removed in countries where there is no compulsory military service (or equivalent compulsory community
service served as an alternative to compulsory military service).
75
[F45d Interviewer-coded variable removed]

ASK IF PARTNER NOT IN PAID WORK AT F45a (IF NOT 01 AT F45a)

F46 Can I just check, did he/she do any paid work
(of an hour or more) in the last 7 days?
Yes 1 ASK F47
No 2
GO TO F52
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF PARTNER IN PAID WORK AT F45a OR F46 (IF 01 AT F45a OR F46 = 1)

F47 What is the name or title of his/her main job?
TYPE IN
__________________________________________________

F48 In his/her main job, what kind of work does he/she do

most of the time? TYPE IN
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

F49 What training or qualifications are needed for the job?

TYPE IN
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

[If additional country-specific questions are required for national occupation and industry coding
systems, add HERE]

76
F50 In his/her main job is he/she… READ OUT…

...an employee, 1
self-employed, 2
or working for your family business? 3

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

F51 How many hours does he/she normally work a week

(in his/her main job)? Please include any paid or unpaid
overtime.

INTERVIEWER: Acceptable range of responses is between 0 and 168 hours.

TYPE IN HOURS:

(Refusal) 777
(Don’t know) 888

77
ASK ALL
[To be asked as a country-specific question(s). To be recoded into the ESS Education Detailed ISCED
Coding Frame].
F52 CARD 84 What is the highest level of education your father successfully completed?
Please use this card.
INTERVIEWER: Successful completion occurs when either:
• a formal certificate is issued after an assessment indicating that the course has been passed;
• a course or period of education is fully attended but no certificate is ever issued;
• a course or period of education is fully attended and a certificate of attendance is issued (and
no other certificates e.g. for passing the course are ever issued).

not completed ISCED level 1 000

ISCED 1, completed primary education 113
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to 129
ISCED 3
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 3 221
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 222
Qualification from a vocational ISCED 2 programme giving access to ISCED 3 (general or all) 223
Qualification from general/pre-vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 212
Qualification from general ISCED 2A programmes, access to ISCED 3A general or all 3 213
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to 229
ISCED level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 321
level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 322
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 323
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3 programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED level 311
5 institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3A/3B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 312
Qualification from general ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 313
institutions
Qualification from ISCED 4 programmes without access to ISCED level 5 421
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 422
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A or all ISCED level 5 423
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 412
Qualification from general ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 413
institutions
ISCED 5B programmes of short duration, advanced vocational qualifications 520
ISCED 5A programmes of short duration, intermediate certificate or academic/general tertiary 510
qualification below the bachelor’s level
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from a 610
lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from an 620
upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 710
a lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 720
an upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 6, doctoral degree 800
(Other) 5555
(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

78
 F53 When you were 14, did your father work as an employee,
was he self-employed, or was he not working then?

Employee, 1
ASK F54
Self-employed, 2
Not working 3
(Father dead/absent130 when respondent was 14) 4 GO TO F55

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8 ASK F54

ASK IF FATHER WORKING OR DON’T KNOW AT F53 (IF F53 = 1, 2, 8)

F54 CARD 85 Which of the descriptions131 on this card best
describes the sort of work he did when you were 14?
CODE ONE ANSWER ONLY

INTERVIEWER: Respondents must choose a category themselves. If necessary add:

‘There is no right or wrong answer. Just choose the category you think fits best’.

Professional and technical occupations

such as: doctor – teacher – engineer –
artist – accountant 01
Higher administrator occupations
such as: banker – executive in big business –
high government official – union official 02
Clerical occupations
such as: secretary – clerk – office manager –
book keeper 03
Sales occupations
such as: sales manager – shop owner – shop assistant –
insurance agent 04
Service occupations
such as: restaurant owner – police officer – waiter –
caretaker – barber – armed forces 05
Skilled worker
such as: foreman – motor mechanic – printer –
tool and die maker – electrician 06
Semi-skilled worker
such as: bricklayer – bus driver – cannery worker – carpenter –
sheet metal worker – baker 07
Unskilled worker
such as: labourer – porter – unskilled factory worker 08

Farm worker
such as: farmer – farm labourer– tractor driver– fisherman 09

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

130 ‘Absent’: not living in same household.

131 Most of the occupations here have not been annotated. If translators are unable to identify the intended occupation,
contact [email protected].
79
ASK ALL
[To be asked as a country-specific question(s). To be recoded into the ESS Education Detailed ISCED
Coding Frame].
F55 CARD 86 What is the highest level of education your mother successfully completed?
Please use this card.
INTERVIEWER: Successful completion occurs when either:
• a formal certificate is issued after an assessment indicating that the course has been passed;
• a course or period of education is fully attended but no certificate is ever issued;
• a course or period of education is fully attended and a certificate of attendance is issued (and
no other certificates e.g. for passing the course are ever issued).

not completed ISCED level 1 000

ISCED 1, completed primary education 113
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to 129
ISCED 3
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 3 221
Qualification from vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 222
Qualification from a vocational ISCED 2 programme giving access to ISCED 3 (general or all) 223
Qualification from general/pre-vocational ISCED 2A/2B programmes, access to ISCED 3 vocational 212
Qualification from general ISCED 2A programmes, access to ISCED 3A general or all 3 213
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of duration shorter than 2 years, no access to 229
ISCED level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3C programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED 321
level 5
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 322
Qualification from vocational ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 323
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3 programmes of 2 years or longer duration, no access to ISCED level 311
5 institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 3A/3B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 312
Qualification from general ISCED 3A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 313
institutions
Qualification from ISCED 4 programmes without access to ISCED level 5 421
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 422
Qualification from vocational ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A or all ISCED level 5 423
institutions
Qualification from general ISCED 4A/4B programmes, access to ISCED 5B/lower tier 5A institutions 412
Qualification from general ISCED 4A programmes, access to upper tier ISCED 5A/all ISCED level 5 413
institutions
ISCED 5B programmes of short duration, advanced vocational qualifications 520
ISCED 5A programmes of short duration, intermediate certificate or academic/general tertiary 510
qualification below the bachelor’s level
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from a 610
lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of medium duration, qualifications at the bachelor’s level or equivalent from an 620
upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 710
a lower tier tertiary institution
ISCED 5A programmes of long cumulative duration, qualifications at the master’s level or equivalent from 720
an upper/single tier tertiary institution
ISCED 6, doctoral degree 800
(Other) 5555
(Refusal) 7777
(Don’t know) 8888

80
 F56 When you were 14, did your mother work as an employee,
was she self-employed, or was she not working then?

Employee, 1
ASK F57
Self-employed, 2
Not working 3
(Mother dead/absent132 when respondent was 14) 4 GO TO F58

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8 ASK F57

ASK IF MOTHER WORKING OR DON’T KNOW AT F56 (IF F56 = 1, 2, 8)

F57 CARD 87 Which of the descriptions on this card best
describes the sort of work she did when you were 14?
CODE ONE ANSWER ONLY

INTERVIEWER: Respondents must choose a category themselves. If necessary add:

‘There is no right or wrong answer. Just choose the category you think fits best’.

Professional and technical occupations

such as: doctor – teacher – engineer –
artist – accountant 01
Higher administrator occupations
such as: banker – executive in big business –
high government official – union official 02
Clerical occupations
such as: secretary – clerk – office manager –
book keeper 03
Sales occupations
such as: sales manager – shop owner – shop assistant –
insurance agent 04
Service occupations
such as: restaurant owner – police officer – waiter –
caretaker – barber– armed forces 05
Skilled worker
such as: foreman – motor mechanic – printer –
tool and die maker – electrician 06
Semi-skilled worker
such as: bricklayer – bus driver – cannery worker – carpenter –
sheet metal worker – baker 07
Unskilled worker
such as: labourer – porter – unskilled factory worker 08

Farm worker
such as: farmer – farm labourer– tractor driver– fisherman 09

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

132 ‘Absent’: not living in same household.

81
ASK ALL
F58 During the last twelve months, have you taken any course or
attended any lecture or conference to improve your knowledge
or skills for work?

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

82
 F59 CARD 88 How would you describe your ancestry133? Please use this card to
choose up to two ancestries that best apply to you.
INTERVIEWER: Code maximum of two ancestries in total.
If more than two are mentioned, ask respondent to select two.
If respondent is unable to do this, code first two ancestries mentioned.
INTERVIEWER PROBE ONCE: Which other?

First ancestry mentioned Second ancestry mentioned

(CODE ONE ONLY) (CODE ONE ONLY)

British 01 01
English 02 02
Northern Irish 03 03
Scottish 04 04
Welsh 05 05
Irish 06 06
Gypsy/Roma 07 07
Polish 08 08
Nigerian 09 09
Somali 10 10
Bangladeshi 11 11
Indian 12 12
Pakistani 13 13
Chinese 14 14
Jamaican 15 15
Other (TYPE IN MAXIMUM OF ____________________ ____________________
TWO ANCESTRIES IN TOTAL)

(No second ancestry) - 555555

(Refusal) 777777 777777
(Don’t know) 888888 888888

NOTE ON ADMINISTRATION OF F59: Country-specific question (example from UK ESS9 shown above for
illustrative purposes). Translation of the source question wording should be carried out as normal in all
countries. Country-specific answer categories and showcards will be developed in consultation with ESS ERIC
HQ ([email protected]). Responses to be recoded into the ‘European Standard Classification of Cultural and
Ethnic Groups’ available on the ESS11 NC Intranet.

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

133 ‘Ancestry’ in the sense of ‘descent’ or ‘family origins’.

83
 SECTION H

ASK IF RESPONDENT IS A MAN (IF E1 = 1)134

H1 CARD 89 Now I will briefly describe some people. Please listen to each description and tell me how much
each person is or is not like you. Use this card for your answer.

Very Some-
much what A little Not like Not like (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me me at all sal) know)
A Thinking up new
ideas135 and 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
being creative is
important to him.
He likes to do
things in his own
original way.
B It is important to
him to be rich. He 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
wants to have a
lot of money and
expensive136
things.
C He thinks it is
important that 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
every person in
the world should
be treated
equally. He
believes
everyone should
have equal
opportunities in
life.
D It's important to
him to show137 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
his abilities. He
wants people to
admire138 what he
does.
E It is important to
him to live in 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
secure139
surroundings. He
avoids anything
that might
endanger his
safety.

134 The routing has been updated for ESS Round 11 so that the version of H1/H2 asked is based on the respondent’s self-
reported gender at E1 in the ESS11 questionnaire rather than the interviewed coded respondent sex at F2.
135 Having new ideas, with an emphasis on the creative side of having them through generating them himself.
136 ‘Expensive’: in the sense of costing a lot rather than their being ‘luxury’ items.
137 The idea is to show whatever abilities he has, with no assumption that he actually has great abilities. It is important to

him to be perceived as being able.

138 He wants his actions to be admired, not his person.
139 In the sense of the surroundings actually being secure, and not that he feels secure.

84
 Very Some-
much what A little Not like Not like (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me me at all sal) know)
F He likes surprises
and is always 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
looking for new
things to do. He
thinks it is
important to do
lots of different
things in life140.
G He believes that
people should do 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
what they're
told141. He thinks
people should
follow rules142 at
all times, even
when no-one is
watching.
H It is important to
him to listen to 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
people who are
different143 from
him. Even when
he disagrees with
them, he still
wants to
understand them.
I It is important to
him to be humble 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
and modest. He
tries not to draw
attention to
himself.
J Having a good
time is 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
important to him.
He likes to
“spoil”144 himself.
K It is important to
him to make his 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
own decisions
about what he
does. He likes to
be free and not
depend145 on
others.

140 Important for himself (his life) is the focus.

141 The idea here is that when someone else tells you what to do in actual interpersonal interaction (implying also that the
person has some authority), you should do it.
142 ‘Rules’ in the sense of ‘rules and regulations’.
143 ‘Different’ in almost any way. The key idea is that he sees difference/diversity positively and as something worth

learning about.
144 ‘Spoil himself’: ‘treat himself’ is another idiom. Strongly negative ‘self-indulgence’ is not intended.
145 In the sense of not to have to depend on people.

85
 Very Some-
much what A little Not like Not like (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me me at all sal) know)
L It's very important
to him to help the 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
people around
him. He wants to
care for146 their
well-being.
M Being very
successful is 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
important to him.
He hopes people
will recognise his
achievements.
N It is important to
him that the 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
government
ensures147 his
safety against all
threats. He wants
the state to be
strong so it can
defend its
citizens.
O He looks for
adventures and 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
likes to take risks.
He wants to have
an exciting148 life.
P It is important to
him always to 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
behave properly.
He wants to
avoid doing
anything people
would say is
wrong.
Q It is important to
him to get149 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
respect from
others. He wants
people to do what
he says.
R It is important to
him to be loyal to 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
his friends. He
wants to
devote150 himself
to people close to
him.

146 ‘Care for’: here in the sense of actively promote their well-being.
147 ‘Ensures’ in the sense of ‘guarantees’.
148 ‘Exciting’ more in the sense of ‘exhilarating’ than ‘dangerous’.
149 Get/have this respect, not deserve respect.
150 ‘Devote’: is intended to convey deep concern for these people and readiness to invest his time, resources and energy in

their welfare.
86
 Very Some-
much what A little Not like Not like (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me me at all sal) know)
S He strongly
believes that 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
people should
care for151 nature.
Looking after the
environment is
important to him.
T Tradition is
important to him. 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
He tries to follow
the customs
handed down by
his religion or his
family.
U He seeks every
chance152 he can 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
to have fun. It is
important to him
to do things that
give him
pleasure.

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

GO TO SECTION I

151 ‘Care for’: look after, basically synonymous with ‘looking after’ in the second sentence.
152 ‘Seeks’: active pursuit rather than ‘taking every chance’.
87
 ASK IF RESPONDENT IS A WOMAN (IF E1 = 2)153

H2 CARD 89 Now I will briefly describe some people. Please listen to each description and tell me how much
each person is or is not like you. Use this card for your answer.

Very Some-
much what A little Not like Not like (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me me at all sal) know)
A Thinking up new
ideas and being 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
creative is
important to her.
She likes to do
things in her own
original way.
B It is important to
her to be rich. 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
She wants to
have a lot of
money and
expensive things.
C She thinks it is
important that 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
every person in
the world should
be treated
equally. She
believes
everyone should
have equal
opportunities in
life.
D It's important to
her to show her 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
abilities. She
wants people to
admire what she
does.
E It is important to
her to live in 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
secure
surroundings.
She avoids
anything that
might endanger
her safety.
F She likes
surprises and is 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
always looking
for new things to
do. She thinks it
is important to do
lots of different
things in life.

153 Translators should refer to the male version, H1, for annotations.
88
 Very Some-
much what A little Not like Not like (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me me at all sal) know)
G She believes that
people should do 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
what they're told.
She thinks
people should
follow rules at all
times, even when
no-one is
watching.
H It is important to
her to listen to 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
people who are
different from her.
Even when she
disagrees with
them, she still
wants to
understand them.
I It is important to
her to be humble 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
and modest. She
tries not to draw
attention to
herself.
J Having a good
time is 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
important to her.
She likes to
“spoil” herself.
K It is important to
her to make her 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
own decisions
about what she
does. She likes to
be free and not
depend on
others.
L It's very important
to her to help the 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
people around
her. She wants to
care for their
well-being.
M Being very
successful is 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
important to her.
She hopes
people will
recognise her
achievements.

89
 Very Some-
much what A little Not like Not like (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me me at all sal) know)
N It is important to
her that the 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
government
ensures her
safety against all
threats. She
wants the state to
be strong so it
can defend its
citizens.
O She looks for
adventures and 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
likes to take risks.
She wants to
have an exciting
life.
P It is important to
her always to 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
behave properly.
She wants to
avoid doing
anything people
would say is
wrong.
Q It is important to
her to get respect 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
from others. She
wants people to
do what she
says.
R It is important to
her to be loyal to 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
her friends. She
wants to devote
herself to people
close to her.
S She strongly
believes that 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
people should
care for nature.
Looking after the
environment is
important to her.
T Tradition is
important to her. 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
She tries to follow
the customs
handed down by
her religion or her
family.

90
 Very Some-
much what A little Not like Not like (Refu- (Don’t
like me Like me like me like me me me at all sal) know)
U She seeks every
chance she can 1 2 3 4 5 6 77 88
to have fun. It is
important to her
to do things that
give her
pleasure.

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

91
 SECTION I

ASK IF GROUP 1 AT C33 (IF C33 = 1)

To help us improve our questions in the future, here are some questions which are similar to previous
ones. Please don’t try to remember what you answered before but treat them as if they were
completely new questions.

I1154 CARD 90 Now imagine that large numbers of people limited their energy use. How likely do you think it
is that this would reduce climate change?

Very likely 1
Likely 2
Somewhat likely 3
Not likely 4
Not at all likely 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

I2155 STILL CARD 90 How likely do you think it is that large numbers of people will actually limit their energy
use to try to reduce climate change?

Very likely 1
Likely 2
Somewhat likely 3
Not likely 4
Not at all likely 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

I3156 STILL CARD 90 And how likely do you think it is that governments157 in enough countries158 will take
action that reduces climate change?

Very likely 1
Likely 2
Somewhat likely 3
Not likely 4
Not at all likely 5

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

154 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C37.
155 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C38.
156 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C39.
157 National governments.
158 ‘Enough countries’ to have an impact rather than the actual number of countries.

92
 ASK IF GROUP 2 AT C33 (IF C33 = 2)
To help us improve our questions in the future, here are some questions which are similar to previous
ones. Please don’t try to remember what you answered before but treat them as if they were
completely new questions.

I4159 CARD 91 Now imagine that large numbers of people limited their energy use. How likely do you think it
is that this would reduce climate change?

Not at all likely 0

1
2
3
Very likely 4
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

I5160 STILL CARD 91 How likely do you think it is that large numbers of people will actually limit their energy
use to try to reduce climate change?

Not at all likely 0

1
2
3
Very likely 4
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

I6161 STILL CARD 91 And how likely do you think it is that governments162 in enough countries163 will take
action that reduces climate change?

Not at all likely 0

1
2
3
Very likely 4
(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

159 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C40.
160 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C41.
161 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C42.
162 National governments.
163 ‘Enough countries’ to have an impact rather than the actual number of countries.

93
 ASK IF GROUP 3 AT C33 (IF C33 = 3)
To help us improve our questions in the future, here are some questions which are similar to previous
ones. Please don’t try to remember what you answered before but treat them as if they were
completely new questions.

I7164 CARD 92 Now imagine that large numbers of people limited their energy use. How likely do you think it
is that this would reduce climate change?

Not at all likely 0

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Extremely likely 10

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

I8165 STILL CARD 92 How likely do you think it is that large numbers of people will actually limit their energy
use to try to reduce climate change?

Not at all likely 0

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Extremely likely 10

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

164 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C34.
165 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C35.
94
 I9166 STILL CARD 92 And how likely do you think it is that governments167 in enough countries168 will take
action that reduces climate change?

Not at all likely 0

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Extremely likely 10

(Refusal) 77
(Don’t know) 88

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

166 The same translation should be used for this item as for item C36.
167 National governments.
168 ‘Enough countries’ to have an impact rather than the actual number of countries.

95
SECTION K

ASK ALL
Now some final questions on a different topic.

K1169 CARD 93 Have you had coronavirus at any time since the start of 2020? Please answer using this
card.

Yes, I tested positive for coronavirus 1

Yes, I think I had coronavirus but was not tested/did not test positive 2
No, I have not had coronavirus 3

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF TESTED POSITIVE FOR CORONAVIRUS OR THINKS HAD CORONAVIRUS AT K1 (K1 = 1 or 2)

K2170 CARD 94 As a result of your coronavirus infection, did you have any of the symptoms on this card
lasting 3 months or longer that you did not have prior to having coronavirus?

Yes 1
No 2
(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK IF HAD ANY SYMPTOMS LASTING 3 MONTHS OR LONGER AT K2 (K2 = 1)

K3171 STILL CARD 94 Do you have any of these symptoms now?

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

ASK ALL
K4172 Have you received at least one dose of a vaccine against coronavirus?

Yes 1
No 2

(Refusal) 7
(Don’t know) 8

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

169 ADAPTED QUESTION for ESS11. Please refer to item K17 in ESS10 questionnaire for translations and adapt.
170 NEW ITEM for ESS11.
171 NEW ITEM for ESS11.
172 ADAPTED QUESTION for ESS11. Please refer to item K20a in ESS10 questionnaire for translations and adapt.

96
SECTION R

ASK ALL

RECON173 Thank you for taking part in this survey today – we really appreciate you giving your time.

The European Social Survey may want to contact you again to invite you to take part in further
research on similar topics to those covered by the questions I asked today. This would involve
contacting you by email, SMS or post and inviting you to complete another survey. You don’t
need to agree now to complete another survey – just say whether you would be happy to be
contacted again.

Do you agree that we may retain your name and contact details so that you can be re-contacted
with invitations to take part in further research?

INTERVIEWER: Further details on this are included in the participant information leaflet given to
the respondent before taking part in this interview. Please refer them to this.

1. Yes
2. No
[IF NO, GO TO END OF INTERVIEW]

[IF YES, CONFIRM NAME AND POSTAL ADDRESS AND ASK FOR PHONE NUMBER AND EMAIL
ADDRESS]

ASK IF AGREE TO RECONTACTED AT RECON (RECON = 1)

I will now ask you for some contact information to allow us to contact you regarding any further research

ReName ENTER/CONFIRM NAME OF RESPONDENT

ReAdd ENTER/CONFIRM POSTAL ADDRESS OF RESPONDENT

INTERVIEWER: Read address back to respondent to confirm this has been entered correctly.

ReTel ENTER MOBILE TELEPHONE NUMBER OF RESPONDENT

INTERVIEWER: Read mobile number back to respondent to confirm this has been entered
correctly.

Don’t have mobile telephone number

Refuse to provide mobile telephone number

173 NEW ITEM FOR ESS11. This question is optional for countries to include. Countries that do not include this question
will not be able to take part in any follow-up research activities based on ESS R11 respondents.

97
ReEmail ENTER EMAIL ADDRESS OF RESPONDENT

INTERVIEWER: Read email address back to respondent to confirm this has been entered
correctly.

Don’t have email address

Refuse to provide email address

ASK IF ‘DON’T HAVE MOBILE TELEPHONE NUMBER’ OR ‘REFUSE TO PROVIDE

MOBILE TELEPHONE NUMBER’ AT ReTel
ReTelLL ENTER LANDLINE TELEPHONE NUMBER OF RESPONDENT

INTERVIEWER: Read landline number back to respondent to confirm this has been entered
correctly.

Don’t have landline telephone number

Refuse to provide landline telephone number

98
ASK ALL

INTERVIEWER: THANK RESPONDENT AND END INTERVIEW.

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

INTERVIEWER THEN ANSWER SECTION J BELOW

99
 [START DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

SECTION J

THESE QUESTIONS ARE FOR THE INTERVIEWER TO ANSWER

QUESTIONS ON THE INTERVIEW AS A WHOLE

V1174 Please select how the interview was conducted from the list below.

In person inside respondent’s home 1

In person outside of respondent’s home 2
By video 3

J1 Did the respondent ask for clarification on any questions?

Never 1
Almost never 2
Now and then 3
Often 4
Very often 5

Don’t know 8

J2 Did you feel that the respondent was reluctant to answer

any questions?

Never 1
Almost never 2
Now and then 3
Often 4
Very often 5

Don’t know 8

174 Item V1 has been moved from Section V in the ESS10 questionnaire.

100
J3 Did you feel that the respondent tried to answer
the questions to the best of his or her ability?

Never 1
Almost never 2
Now and then 3
Often 4
Very often 5

Don’t know 8

J4 Overall, did you feel that the respondent understood

the questions?

Never 1
Almost never 2
Now and then 3
Often 4
Very often 5

Don’t know 8

J5 Was anyone else present, who interfered with the interview?

Yes 1 ASK J6
No 2 GO TO J7

ASK IF ANYONE INTERFERED WITH THE INTERVIEW AT J5 (IF J5 = 1)

J6 Who was this? CODE ALL THAT APPLY

Husband/wife/partner 1
Son/daughter (inc. step, adopted, foster, child of partner) 2
Parent/parent-in-law/step-parent/partner’s parent 3
Other relative 4
Other non-relative 5

Don’t know 8

101
J7 In which language was the interview conducted?
[use pre-specified ISO 639-2 codes for all languages that questionnaire is translated into]

[First language that questionnaire translated into] [appropriate ISO 639-2 code]
[Second language questionnaire translated into] [appropriate ISO 639-2 code]
etc

J8 Interviewer ID.________________________

NOTE: THIS NUMBER MUST BE EXCLUSIVE TO INDIVIDUAL INTERVIEWERS AND MUST NOT BE
SHARED

J9 If you have any additional comments on the interview, please type them in the space below.

THANK YOU FOR TAKING THE TIME TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

END OF INTERVIEWER QUESTIONNAIRE

[END DATE AND TIME FOR ALL COUNTRIES]

102