Scribd
Upload
37 views

Math CBSE Class 10 Surface Area and Volume

Math cbse class 10 surface area and volume

Uploaded by

manjubharti1612
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
37 views

Math CBSE Class 10 Surface Area and Volume

Math cbse class 10 surface area and volume

Uploaded by

manjubharti1612
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 28
Supplementary Study Material for BOARD EASY Classroom Program Surface Areas and Volumes INTRODUCTION In earlier classes, we have learnt to find the surface area and volume-of solid figures;-likes cuboid,-cubey cylinder, cone, sphere and hemisphere etc. Ii this chapter, we will learn how to find the surfice area and volume of combination of solid figures, conversion of, solids and frustum of a cone. Before starting topics of this chapter we will review some important definitions and formulae which will frequently use in this chapter. SOLID FIGURES The objects having definite shape, size and occupies a fixed amount of space in three dimensions are called solids such as eube, cuboid, cylinder, cone, sphere and hemisphere, ete ‘SURFACE AREA (SA) Surface area of a solid body is the area of all of its surfaces together and itis always measured in square unit ‘MATHEMATICS 287 VOLUME. ‘Space occupied by an object/solid body is called the ‘volume ofthat particular objecVsolid: Volume is always ‘measured in cube unit, 1, Cuboid A cuboid isa solid body having 6 faces. Let its length = Tunis breadth = b units and height = units. Then, a ae (i) Total surface area of cuboid (TSA) =2(0b-+ bh +hi) sq units (i Lateral surface area (LSA) of euboid =2(/+b)h sq units Gi Diagonal of the euboid = JP 6° +P units {y) Volume of cuboid = Fb * hew units Board Easy Tower-A 822, Paschim Vihar, New Dethi -110063 Supplementary Study Material for BOARD EASY Classroom Program Note: Lateral surface area Area ofthe walls 2. Cube Cube is a special ease of cuboid which has 6 faces of cequal length. Let its length = breadth = height =a units Each edge of cube =a units Cyr Then, (i) Total surface area (TSA) of a cube = 6 (Edge) 6a? sq units (i) Lateral surface area (LSA) of eube = 4» (Edge)*= 4a? sq units (ii Diagonal ofa cude= f3 « Edge= V3 ebnits Gv) Volume of cube =(Fdge) = 2° ewunits. 3. Right Circular Cylinder Cylinder isa solid figure obtained by revolving the rectangle, say ABCD, abot its one side, say Be Let base radius of righ cioulareylinder be units and its height be h units. Then oO 0 (@) Curved surface are (CSA) Circumference ofthe base « Height 2nth sq units (i) Total surface atea (TSA) = Curved surface area (CSA) * Area oftwo ends = 2th + 2a? 2na(h-+)sq units (ii) Volume ofthe eylinder= Area of base Height = neh ew units RIGHT CIRCULAR HOLLOW CYLINDER: LetR andr be the external and internal radi ofa hollow cylinder of height b, then 288 (i) Curved surface area of hollow cylinder External surface area + Internal surface area <2nRh+2ech=Inh(R+s) (ii) Total surface area ’aRh+2 mah +2 (R22?) ah (R+1)+2 x(R+4) (Rt) x(R+)(R+h-2) (Gv) Volume of material = External volume ~Intemal volume =nRh-xeh=h (RP) 5. Sphere ‘A sphere is a solid generated by the revolution of semi- circle about I NY iQ diameter. Letradus of sphere be runt Then, (@) Surface are (SA) of sphere = 47° sq units Volume of sphere= “xr (ii) Volume of sphere = 5 nr cu unit Spherical shell: 1PR and rate sespectively the outer and inner radii ‘of aspherical shel. then, (@) Outersurface area 4x R? Gi) Volume of mater A) 6. Hemisphére ‘A plane passing through the centre, cus the sphere in ‘svojequal parts, each partielle a hemisphere. Let radius of hemisphere ber units. Then, of hemisphere = 2 sq units Se 7 (Curved surface are (CSA) (i) Total surface area TSA) of hemisphere i+ mr? = 3 squnits (i) Volume othemisphere= 2° eu nits 7. RightCireularCone ih vba eo wl hab yt snedhioa of eta anol angle hour ous oe side tog tig ae cacao thee fen late Sc celeremolorrco ad its ave be runt. Then FOUNDATION (X) Board Easy Tower-A 822, Paschim Vihar, New Dethi -110063 Supplementary Study Material for BOARD EASY Classroom Program 0 Sol. (Slant height of the cone, y = i? +h? units (i) Curved surface area (CSA) of cone = ntl sq units (ii) Total surface area (TSA) of a cone = Curved surface area (CSA) + Area of the base = nal +a? ra )squnits (iv) Volume ofcone= + nth euunit 3 In out day-to-day life we come across some complex solid figures. eA circus ent consisting ofa cylindrical base surmounted by a conical roof, altoy inthe form of cone moulhnted on a hemisphere ete are combination of two or more basic solids. In thiS topic, we will learn to find the surface area and voluraesof combination of (1) ‘wo or more similar or different solid figures, ‘When combination of two or morethan two figures of same types Method of solving this type of problems can be ‘understand with the help of ths followinglexamples. SOLVEDEXAMPLE | Three cubes each of side 5 em are joined end to end. Find the surface areaof the resulting solid, Here, on joining three cubes, we get a cuboid. whose length, 15em,breadth,b=5em and Sem dary pem_/ Bem, a= 1 Zaten Required surface are ofthe resulting solid = Surface area of new cuboid {lb +bh + hl)=2(15 x $45 «545% 15) Sol. =2(75+25+75)=2(175)=350em? ‘An iron pole consists of a eylinder of height 240 em and base diameter 26 em, which is surmounted by ‘another eylinder of height 66.em and radius 10 em. Find the mass of the pole given that 1 em? of iron has approximately 8 g mass. [take, x= 3.14] Height=240 em Base diameter=26 em 26 Baseradivs= 5 = 13 em For second cylinder, | Height = 660m = Radius=10 em We know that, Volume of eylinder= rh Total volume of iron pole = Volume of firsteylinder + Volume of second cylinder =n 132240 +-2(10)? «66 [169 240 + 100 * 66) 3.14 [40560 +6600] =3.14 x47160= 1480824 em? Hence, total mass ofthe iron pole = 148082.4 « 8 g= 1184659.2g [given, lem? =8 g] ‘When combiniation of sphere (orhemisphere) and cube! ‘cuboidis given Method of solving this type of problems can be understand with the help of following example. ‘The decorative block shown in the following figure is madeoftwo ZA) Solids, a cuibe’and hemisphere. The base of the block is ‘a cube with edge 5 cm and the hemisphere fixed on the top has a diameter of 4,2 em, then find the total surface area of the block and find the total area to be painted, ie Here, the decorative block is a combination of a cube and a hemisphere. For cubical portion, Each edge For hemispherical portion, Diameter=4.2em 42 *Sem=2.1em Now, total surface area of the cube Radius, Sol. Here, solid iron pole is combination of two cylinders. For firsteylinde, = 6% (Edge? =6*5«5=150em? Maruematics 289 110063 Board Easy Tower-A 822, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi Supplementary Study Material for BOARD EASY Classroom Program ap, Here, the part of the cube where the hemisphere is attached, is not included in the surface area, So, the total surfuce area of the decorative block = Total surface arca of cube ~ Area of base of hemisphere + Curved surface are of hemisphere 2 = 150+ Qn = 150+ ar? = 150+ x21 2.1 = 150+ 13.86=163.86em? Note : In calculating the surface area, we do not add the surface arcas of the vo oF more individual solids because some part ofthe surface area disappeared in the process of joining them. ‘When combination ofeylinder and sphere/hemisphere! ccubelcuboid is given Method of solving this type of problems can be understand withthe help of following examples. (Example Sol. ‘A tents ofthe shape of right eirsulareylinderapto ©) aheight of 3 metres and then becomes aright circular cone witha maximam height of 13.5 metresabovethe round, Calelate the cost of psintng the inner side 0, total area which is to be painted = Curved surface area of the cylinder + Curved surface of the cone = 2644-770)? = 1034 nv. Hence, cost of painting =Rs (1034 x2)=Rs 2068, Examples ‘The given figure shows the cross-section of an ice- cream cone consisting of @ cone surmounted by a hemisphere. The radius of the hemisphere is. 3.5 em and the height of the cone is 10.5 em, The outer shell ABCDEF is shaded andis not filled with ice-cream. AE =DC=0.5em.Cacleulate: hcsem ¥ the Vole of the ice-cream in the cone (the unshaded portion including the hemisphere) inem’; the volume of the outer shell (the shaded portion) in cm? Give your answer to the nearest em" of the tent atthe rte of Rs 2 per square metre, ifthe Sol Radius of hemisphere, R=AG =3.5.m. rnd ofthe base 19 fetes Extcmslradiusofconea shell, et metes be thevadi of the Bab Bee Tndce, ReAG=35em and h metres he its height Then, iniéaal eas of Sule el, fo ldmandh=3m TEG=(AG~AE)~(.5-0.5)em=3em Carved surface ares/SFthe cylinder = 2xeh me Now, AABG~AEFG 2 FG _FG FG 3 ig 9em -[2<2214.3) seas oot FG FG «9566-9 Lets; mbethe dust he bse, bmbe the night, __Sovnemaeoreoie hel h=F6—9em, and /m be the slant height of the cone. Then, 1,= Hm,h, =(3:5=3)m=10;5m and 1, APS] fie 4q05)'m v osm . : [ Mm sm c D Tm 0 =Y196+110.25m = 306.25 m =17.5m. Curved surface area of the cone 290 ‘Volume of hemisphere + Internal volume of conical $n0R? +h) 12x. +0709 Jom =| be22(38+51) fa Laaexaar sey safa-[be2 (now 2 667 Jo (22) ot # =I 7.5 cm’ (to the nearest cm’) ‘Volume of the shell= Extemal volume Internal volume aeserar Lag —Larth tat ang at —F hy 1 4fa.5105-()' afm FOUNDATION (X) 110063 Board Easy Tower-A 822, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi Supplementary Study Material for BOARD EASY Classroom Program ‘A copper rod of diameter lem and length Bem is drawn into a wire of length 18 m of uniform thickness. Find the thickness ofthe wire te om Sol, Here, arod of eylinrical shape is converted into a wire 378 } ofeylindrical shape 1397 Pea =|"og_) em’ =49.89 em*= 50cm? (to the nearest em’) ener Same Radius, 2) — } caren tem 8 an CONVERSION OF SOLID FROM ONE SHAPE TO ANOTHER 7 the. 1y oan ‘Some solids like candle, clay ete, can be changed into Fe volume of ered n= | 2) Tr any shape. But the volume of the both solid shapes are il same. Forexample,ifa candle which is generally inthe Length 18m =1800.m shape ofa eylinder ean be changed into any shape, but Let be the radius (in em) ofeross-seotion of the wire, the Volume remains save. then [fa solid is transformed into a number of small identical Volume of wire=n% P= 1800 om solids of same ora different shape, then Sinee;the rods converted into wire, so Volume of wire =Volumeofred INumber of small items: (ee ees 1 naller obj Snr x 1800-22 P: 900 >" 30™ (SOLVED EXAMPLE “The, diameter= 2 = " [Examples Hence, the diameter of the cross-section, ic. the low many spherical bullets amie WRNGE out ofa solid 7 cube of lead whose édge thickness ofthe wie 8 PEM, ie, 0.067 em (approx. measures 44.em, cach bullet being 4 em in diameter. Sol. _Letthe total numberof bullets be x = Examy 4 ‘A well of iameise 10 mis dug 14 m deep. The earth Radius ofa sphericabbullet™=5/emi= 2.em ‘taken out of itis Spread evenly all around to.a width of Now, volume.of a -spherical,.bullets..= 5.m.to form an. embankment. Find the height of A (2)'em? (S28 am Sol. | Here, a well is dug and Earth taken out of itis used to 3 37 form an embankment, Volume of x spherical bullets = (Gate om? 30m Volume of the solid cube = (44)? em? Cleary, Volume of spherical bulles= Volume ofthe cube 4 . 7 Se egex (44 aed ayy | Diameter of well= 10m x= R307 p54 Radias~ 10 = 5m 4x22x8 2 Hence, total number of spherical bullets = 2541. and Depth= 14m Maruemarics 291 110063 Board Easy Tower-A 822, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi Supplementary Study Material for BOARD EASY Classroom Program [Example _| Sol. ‘Volume of Earth taken out on digging the well 2 ge a arn= 2 (67 x14 = a x5) 1100 ‘The embankment is inthe form of eylindrical shell, so area of embankment =n(R?—)=n(10?-5") 2 7 2 x 75m? (100-25) 15 Since, Rarth taken ont fram well i¢ used to form ‘embankment ‘Volume of embankment = Volume of Earth taken out ‘on digging the well => Area of embankment * Height of embankment = ‘Volume of Earth dugout => Height ofembankment = 1100 Volume Earth dugout =4.67m ‘Area of the embankment ~ "%75 ‘A mctalic sphere of radug105 cm is melfed and fen recast into smaller cop, Weg eight 3 cm How many eones are obiained? Here, napbere i Qe ROE Forsphere, Radias = 10.5 16ix 5 = Sx=16+x = 4216 = x=4 ON=4em and OM=4+ 16=20em Hence, the height of the cone is 20 em. i) Volume of water which ean he filled in the bucket = Volume of frustum of cone ABCD. = Lan? +2 ¢nn) 3 = Prot 6105) 4(9¥ +15%3) [eh 16em.r,=1Semandy,=3em] 1 1 = 1 nx 16§228493-45) h,=10em, P= 30=K, [VO = 3020 =G0~10)=20em_ Hence, the section is made ata height of 20cm from the base of cone. Units of measurement of area and volume 1 Centimetre (em) 1 Decimetre (dm) 1 Metre (m)=10dm =100em =1000mm 1 Decametre (dam)= 101m =1000em | Hectometre (am) 1 Kilometre (km) I Myriametre =10milimete (mm) 10 centimetre =10dam= 100m = 1000 m= 100 damm = 10 bm. O kilometre 110063 Board Easy Tower-A 822, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi Supplementary Study Material for BOARD EASY Classroom Program Area: em 1 em 10mm 1mm = 100 min Tdm> I dm=10em 10¢m= 100en?" m1 m= 10dm 10 dm= 100 dm? I dam?or lare= Idan Ldam=10 mv 10 m=100m? Thm?=1 hectare=1 hm * 1 hm= 100m x 100m = 10000 m?= 100 dam? kon? = 1 kin > T= 10m * 10 hm = 100 hin? or 100 hectare Volume: Lem!=[ ml =1em* Lom Lem=10mm%10mm* 10mm =1000mm' Litre= 1000 ml= 1000 em? Lint = Lm mx Lm=100em* 100em « 100¢m= Hen = 1000 ftre= I kitolite 1000em* 1000 dm* Tkm'=10°m? PRISM A’ Prism’ is a solid figure with uniform ross section. Hence aprismis a three dimensional solid in which top and bottom face are identical planes. The lateral faces of the prism are rectangles. The top and bottom faces are also called bases. \t Prism: A prism is called Right Prism, #Piis lateral edges are perpendicular tothe top and bottom fees (or both bascs)- ZS i Tanaris — (ommenele Pom ang la {fran set ele ee) ee ar ‘to the bases] ciel Here we shall discuss the Right Prisms only. Hence we should call the Right Prism. simply as Prism. Some ‘important types of prisms are shown below: A, Kd ® p @ “Triangular prism (Fopard boom fice = tiangul = 7 Pentagonal Prism (Top and boton faces sre peniagonal) 296 a (Gipealbonon ect ( aa ee hae fgevecetce mrs) (4 oe ques) "hss Incach Prism: G/Thenumberof ltr faces =the number of sides of tea base G Thenuinherofedges ofa prism (numberofsies oteldbaac) 3 (Gi The sum of the lengths ofthe edges=2 (perimeter of'base) + (numberof lateral sides) x height Lateral surface area (LSA) ofa prism: LS.A=(Perimeterofabase) « height = ph ‘Total strface area (TSA) ofa prism: TS.ASLS.A+2 (areaofabase} ‘Volume of pris: ‘Volume = Area of a base ® height = Ah ‘Cube : Ina rightprism, ifthe top and bottom faces (or ‘bases) are square, then it s called a cube. Le Cuboid: In a right prism, ifthe bases are rectangles, then iti called a cuboid Cylinder: Ina right prism, ifthe top and bottom faces (or bases) are circles, then its called a eylinder. FOUNDATION (X) Board Easy Tower-A 822, Paschim Vihar, New Dethi -110063 Supplementary Study Material for BOARD EASY Classroom Program ‘Triangular Pris @ Volume=Axb (@) Total surface area = lateral surface area + sum of areas of two ends ah ah + ah Sposa + Pentagonal Prism: (© Surface area of pentagon= ffx? GH Volume= fa? ch (i) Total surface area= Sah #2 YBa? Hexagonal Prism : @, Surface Area ofexagon=2.5981 a? Gi) Volume =A=h=2.598.4? Gal +2.5981 a? Whereis the slant height 1 (Volume = 5h area of bas 1 jhe 2.59810? AN 2r, the radius ofthe sphere =r and for 22h, the radius ofthe b sphere = > FI NS 300 Ia largest possible sphere is inscribed in cone of radius ‘rem and slant height equal to the diameter of the base, then the radius of the sphere > If. largest possible cone is inscribed in a cylinder of radius °F cm and height *h’ em, then the radius of the cone ind height = h. ui Board Easy Tower-A 822, Paschim Vihar, New Dethi -110063 Ia largest possible cubéls inscribed in hemisphere of | ‘dius “P cm, the ths edgé of the cubs u FOUNDATION (X) Supplementary Study Material for BOARD EASY Classroom Program EXERCISE-1 Surface area Qu A plumbline (saz!) isthe combination of (see Fig.) (I)acone anda cylinder (2) ahemisphere anda cone G) frustum ofa cone and a cylinder (4) sphere and eylinder qu Find the ratio ofthe volume to total surface area of a sphere of radius. 7 em 1 Fi 1 of of Qs 5 Q.12 The ratio of radius of base to the height of the right 0.2 A cueabi isthe combination of circular eylinderis 1:2, Its volume is 2156 cm” , then (ja sphere and a cylinder its total surface area is (2)ahemisphere anda cylinder (1) 1024em? (2)924em? (3)874em? (4) 1204.em? (3)two hemispheres G@)ecplinder and x cone 0.13 The curved surface area of cylindrical pilaris 264m? and its volume is 924 m. The height ofthe pillars = Qs A cylindrical pencil sharpened at one edge is the’ (4m Q2)Sm G)6m 7m combination of (jasatadeyinee y cone eo i hase curved surface area 188.4 (2) frustum ofa coneand a cylinder ae motes then its volume is. (3)a hemisphere and a cylinder P20 5g (2) 201.88 10°(3) 300m? (4) 301.44? ‘4 twoeylinders oe QS ) A circ tent is cylindrical up to a height of 4 m and : conial above it: Its diameter is 105 m and its slant Qa If two solid hemispheres of same base radius r are joined topeter lor En eigen, gh arn of canes requis tuk area of this new solid is) al 2 (4anF (2)6nr (3)37m (4) 8a (1) 7990 er? (2) IRM? (3) 9770 rr? (4) 2645 mr? 3. Q.16 A tentisiin the form ofa cylinder of diameter 8 mand QS Thevolume ofacube is 2744 em ts surfiee areas (em en Ga? en cee goal ine equal to Q6 —Theratio of the volumes of two spheres is 8 :27. The deleted dad dat lashed ratio between theif Stitfaco areas is 36 ee Gp on O23 CPLR PT 0.17 The curved surfac8area fa cylinders 264 mand its Nolume is 924m, The height of the eylinders Q7 —Thecurved surface area of righ cireulareylinder and ar cake Loose that ofa sphere'are equal. IP heirradiare equal the ‘ati oftheir yolumeis Olt | THe diameterof the base ofa ¢ylinrical metal block is 3:2 9@)2:3 G)3:4 4:3 6.6 cm and its height is 0.4m, How many dises of diameter 2.2 cm and height 0.2 em can be cut from this Q.8 —Theratio between the radius ofthe base andthe height snatal block? of the evlinderis 2:3. fits volume is 1617 m?. the total (180 (@)600—@)1200 (4) 1800 surface area of the eylinder is (1)208 em? (2)77 em? (3)707 em? (4) 770m? Q.19 From a solid citeular cylinder with height 10 em and radius of the base 6 em, aright circular cone of the 09 Iftheradiusand slantheight of cone atin the ratios ame height and sams radius of base is removed. The 7 and its curved surface arca is 792 em?, then its radius ‘volume of the remaining solid will be Take x=22 (1)360xcabicem — 2) 1207 cubic om nt 7 (3)240x cubic cm (4)480z cubic em (Dl0cem (2)8em_— 3) 12em_— (4) 9em_ Q.20 Atoyisinthe formofacone mounted on hemisphere 0.10 The ratio ofthe total surfce area tothe lateral surface ‘ith same radius. The diameter ofthe base ofthe conical aca of a cylinder with base radius 80 cm and height 20 perianal 6 em and its height is 4.em. The surface area ai of the toy is (h:2 Q)2:1 B31 (@s:1 (1)36mem? (2)33nemr (3)3Smeme (4)24nm° ‘Maremarics 301 Board Easy Tower-A 822, Paschim Vihar, New Dethi -110063 Supplementary Study Material for BOARD EASY Classroom Program Q.21 Thodiameterof 120 em. longrolleris84.em.[fittakes Q31 G6 cubic centimetres of silveris drawn intoa wire mm 500 revolutions to level a playground, find the cot of in diameter. The length ofthe wire is metres willbe levelling it tthe rate FR. 5 per square metre (89336 (ORs. 1584 @)Rs. 7920 GR 3500 (@)None of these 32 Ariver3 mdeepand 60mwideis flowingat the rate of 2.4 knvh. Theamount of water running into the sea per Q.22 A glass cylinder with diameter 20 em has water to a pomarnees 7 ‘ height of em. A metal eube of 8 emeedgeisimmersed in (1)6000m? (2)6400m? (3)6800m (4) 7200? ‘teompletely. The height by which water willriseinthe @ 33° Water flows at the rte of 10 m per minute from a oiners (Tex = 3.18)

You might also like