NPTEL Online Certification Course

<Power Electronics Applications in Power Systems>

<Assignment 01>: Detailed Solution
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

Q1. Which of the following is true for a 3-phase balanced system?

(a) The total instantaneous power in a balanced 3-phase system is time-invariant.
(b) The total instantaneous power in a balanced 3-phase system is time-variant.
(c) The summation of reactive power in a balanced 3-phase system at an instant of time is
positive value.
(d) The reactive power does not exist in three-phase system.
Q2. What are the values of active and reactive power generated by source in the circuit given
below?

+ I
180 V Z = 1531.790 
rms
-
(a) 1564.56 W and 1004.30 VAr
(b) 1638.18 W and 1269.26 VAr
(c) 1835.97 W and 1137.90 VAr
(d) 1439.12 W and 961.52 VAr
Solution:
180
I= = 12 − 31.790
1531.790

P = 180 12  cos ( 31.79 ) = 1835.97W

Q = 180 12  sin ( 31.79 ) = 1137.90VAr

Q3. A reactor of 100 MVAr is supplied with voltage of 98% of rated voltage and the frequency of
90% of rated frequency. Find the reactive power absorbed by the reactor.
(a) 105.419 MVAr
(b) 108.889 MVAr
(c) 106.711 MVAr
(d) 101.045 MVAr
 NPTEL Online Certification Course
< Power Electronics Applications in Power Systems >
<Assignment 01>: Detailed Solution
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
Solution:
𝑉2
𝑄= = 100
𝑋

𝑉2 (0.98×𝑉)2
𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝑋𝑛𝑒𝑤 = = 1.06711 × 100 = 106.711 𝑀𝑉𝐴𝑟
𝑛𝑒𝑤 0.90×𝑋

Q4. A load absorbing 100 W active power and 75 VAr reactive power from a source of 250 V, 50
Hz, 1-phase. Find the value of capacitor to be placed across the load so that current drawn from
the source is at unity power factor.
(a) 3.82 𝝁𝑭
(b) 4.15 𝜇𝐹
(c) 2.89 𝜇𝐹
(d) 5.47 𝜇𝐹
Solution:
Reactive power requirement of load is supplied by capacitor
Therefore, 𝑄𝑐 = 75 VAr
𝑉2
𝑄𝑐 = 𝑋𝑐

2502 1
⟹ 𝑋𝑐 = = 2𝜋𝑓𝐶 = 833.33Ω
75

1
𝐶 = 2𝜋×50×833.33 = 3.82 𝜇𝐹

Q5. The figures below depict three different types of customers (represented by three circuits).
From which customer will the utility receive the least revenue assuming that the electricity bill
only depends on energy consumption?
(a) Circuit 1
(b) Circuit 2
(c) Circuit 3
(d) Same revenue for all three customers
 NPTEL Online Certification Course
< Power Electronics Applications in Power Systems >
<Assignment 01>: Detailed Solution
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

+ I1 + I2 + I3

180 V
180 V

180 V
P.f. =1 P.f. =0.75 P.f. =0.82
- - -

Circuit 1 Circuit 2 Circuit 3

Solution:
In circuit 1
180
|𝐼1 | = = 20 𝐴
9

𝐼1 will be in phase of voltage

𝑃1 = 180 × 20 × cos 0 = 3.6 𝑘𝑊
𝑄1 = 180 × 20 × sin 0 = 0
In circuit 2
180
𝐼2 = 9∠41.41° = 20∠ − 41.41° 𝐴

|𝐼2 | = 20 𝐴 and 𝜃2 = 41.41°

𝐼2 lags voltage
𝑃2 = 180 × 20 × cos 41.41 = 2.7 𝑘𝑊
𝑄2 = 180 × 20 × sin 41.41 = 2.38 𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑟
In circuit 3
180
𝐼3 = 9∠34.91° = 20∠ − 34.91° 𝐴

|𝐼3 | = 20 𝐴 and 𝜃3 = 34.91°

𝐼3 lags voltage
𝑃3 = 180 × 20 × cos 34.91° = 2.95 𝑘𝑊
𝑄3 = 180 × 20 × sin 34.91° = 2.06 𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑟
 NPTEL Online Certification Course
<Power Electronics Applications in Power Systems>
<Assignment 01>: Detailed Solution
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

Circuit 2 consumes least amount of active power as compare to another two circuits.
Therefore, the utility will receive least revenue from circuit 2.
Q6. Let, consider a 3-phase balanced system with each phase voltage as:
𝑣𝑎 = 220𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 V
𝑣𝑏 = 220sin(𝜔𝑡 − 120𝑜 ) V
𝑣𝑐 = 220sin(𝜔𝑡 − 240𝑜 ) V
The current in each phase is given by:
𝑖𝑎 = 10sin(𝜔𝑡 − 36.86) A
𝑖𝑏 = 10sin(𝜔𝑡 − 156.87𝑜 ) A
𝑖𝑐 = 10sin(𝜔𝑡 − 276.87𝑜 ) A
What is the total active power of the 3-phase balanced system?
(a) 3143.56 W
(b) 2581.09 W
(c) 2932.76 W
(d) 2640.34 W
Solution:
𝑃 = 1.5𝑉𝑚 𝐼𝑚 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜙
𝑃 = 1.5 × 220 × 10 × 0.8 = 2640.342 𝑊
Q7. Let us consider in a single-phase circuit the instantaneous voltage across load is
given by v(t) = 120sinωt and instantaneous current flowing through the load is given
by i(t) = 10sin(ωt-34.920 ). What is the expression of the instantaneous power
consumed by the load?
 NPTEL Online Certification Course
<Power Electronics Applications in Power Systems>
<Assignment 01>: Detailed Solution
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

(a) [𝟒𝟗𝟏. 𝟗𝟕(𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝝎𝒕)] − [𝟑𝟒𝟑. 𝟒𝟓𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝝎𝒕] VA

(b) [343.45(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜔𝑡)] − [491.97𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜔𝑡] VA
(c) [491.97(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜔𝑡)] − [343.45𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜔𝑡] VA
(d) [343.45(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜔𝑡)] − [491.97𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜔𝑡] VA
Solution:
𝑝1𝑝ℎ = [𝑃(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜔𝑡)] − [𝑄𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜔𝑡]
𝑉𝑚 𝐼𝑚 120×10
𝑃= 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 = × 𝑐𝑜𝑠(34.92) = 491.97 𝑊
2 2
𝑉𝑚 𝐼𝑚 120×10
𝑄= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 = × 𝑠𝑖𝑛(34.92) = 343.46 𝑉𝐴𝑟
2 2

𝑝1𝑝ℎ = [491.97(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜔𝑡)] − [343.45𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜔𝑡] VA

Q8. A single-phase industrial load of 6 MW is installed with shunt capacitor of
rating 2 MVAr to maintain the power factor of 0.9 lagging. If the capacitor is gone
out of service what is the power factor of the industry?
(a) 0.77 lagging
(b) 0.81 lagging
(c) 0.85 lagging
(d) 0.75 lagging
Solution:
P=6
Ø1
Ø2 2.9

S2 Q2

cos ∅1 = 0.9
∅1 = cos −1 0.9 = 25.840
 NPTEL Online Certification Course
<Power Electronics Applications in Power Systems>
<Assignment 01>: Detailed Solution
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

𝑄1 = 𝑃 tan 25.8 = 2.90 𝑀𝑉𝐴𝑟

𝑄2 = 2.9 + 2 = 4.9 𝑀𝑉𝐴𝑟
𝑄2 4.9
∅2 = tan−1 = tan−1 = 39.230
𝑃 6

Power factor =cos 39.23 = 0.77

Q9. A single-phase industrial load rated 500 kVA, 0.8 lagging power factor is
installed with synchronous condenser of 100 kW. Find the power factor of
synchronous condenser to cause the power factor of industry to be unity.
(a) 0.389 leading
(b) 0.307 leading
(c) 0.316 leading
(d) 0.328 leading
Solution:
Active power of industrial load = 500× 0.8 = 400𝑘𝑊
Reactive power of industrial load = 500× 0.6 = 300𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑟
Power factor to be unity condenser has to supply 300 kVAr
Then rating of condenser is
P=100 kW, Q=300 kVAr
𝑄 300
∅ = tan−1 ( ) = tan−1 ( ) = 71.56° 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑
𝑃 100

Power factor =cos(71.56) = 0.316 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑

Q10. A single phase a.c. generator supplies the following loads:
1) Lighting load of 30 kW at unity power factor.
2) Induction motor load of 200 kW at power factor 0·707 lagging.
3) Synchronous motor load of 100 kW at power factor 0·9 leading.
Calculate the total active power and apparent power delivered by the generator and
the power factor at which it works.
 NPTEL Online Certification Course
<Power Electronics Applications in Power System>
<Assignment 01>: Detailed Solution
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

(a) 330 kW, 363.14 kVA, 0.908 lagging respectively

(b) 330 kW, 350.23 kVA, 0.942 lagging respectively
(c) 330 kW, 375.76 kVA, 0.878 lagging respectively
(d) 330 kW, 409.43 kVA, 0.806 lagging respectively

Solution:
Using the suffixes 1, 2 and 3 to indicate the different loads, we have,

𝑘𝑊1 30
𝑘𝑉𝐴1 = = = 30 𝑘𝑉𝐴
cos 𝜑1 1
𝑘𝑊2 200
𝑘𝑉𝐴2 = = = 282.88 𝑘𝑉𝐴
cos 𝜑2 0.707
𝑘𝑊3 100
𝑘𝑉𝐴3 = = = 111.11 𝑘𝑉𝐴
cos 𝜑3 0.9

The three kVAs’ are not in phase. In order to find the total kVA, we resolve each kVA into
rectangular components kW and kVAr. The total kW and kVAr may then be combined to obtain
total kVA.

𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑅1 = 𝑘𝑉𝐴1 sin 𝜑1 = 30 × 0 = 0

𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑅2 = 𝑘𝑉𝐴2 sin 𝜑2 = 282.88 × 0.707 = 200 𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑟 (inductive reactive power)
𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑅3 = 𝑘𝑉𝐴3 sin 𝜑3 = 111.11 × 0.436 = 48.43 𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑟 (capacitive reactive power)
Total active power = 30 + 200 + 100 = 330 kW
Total reactive power = 0 +200 – 48.43 = 151.57 kVAr (inductive)

Total apparent power = √(𝑘𝑊)2 + (𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑟)2 = √(330)2 + ( 151.57)2 = 363.14 𝑘𝑉𝐴

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑊 330
Power factor = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑉𝐴 = = 0.908 𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔
363.14

The power factor is lagging because the resultant kVAr is inductive

 NPTEL Online Certification Course
<Power Electronics Applications in Power System>
<Assignment 01>: Detailed Solution
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
 NPTEL Online Certification Course
<COURSE NAME>
<Assignment Number>: Detailed Solution
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
 NPTEL Online Certification Course
<COURSE NAME>
<Assignment Number>: Detailed Solution
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
 NPTEL Online Certification Course
<COURSE NAME>
<Assignment Number>: Detailed Solution
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
 NPTEL Online Certification Course
<COURSE NAME>
<Assignment Number>: Detailed Solution
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
 NPTEL Online Certification Course
<COURSE NAME>
<Assignment Number>: Detailed Solution
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati