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TEACHERS' PROFESSIONAL EDITION

PRICE, ONE DOLLAR A YEAR

MiBLJSilr,U.

^4 FIR-

^&«H[Kimj

OLUMBUS,
onto

SEPTEMBER, 1904
 *^^^u4/n^d^^/uai^!^ ^

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ScHool BIG DIVIDENDS

Ad-vertisifi^
Have been received by many
I am in the School Advertising high-grade teachers who had the
business. For more than ten j-ears foresight to enroll with us early
I have made a specialty ol he I
last year.
business of interesting young Enroll now for next yearss=-
people in educational work.
No No annoyance. No
e.xpense.
If you are in the school busi- risk. You have everything to
ness, I want you to send for a copy
gain nothing to lose.
; Is it
good business to hesitate ?
of my "I Will" Folder. It con-
tains information in regard to IN EMERGENCY
the service I offer. It will inter-
Get the prompt, eflficient service
est vou. Ifs Free.
of

Catalogues, Booklets, Ads, Follow-up

Systems Designed, Written, Printed;
right placing and distribution advised.
The National Commercial
Teachers' Agency
c. c. re:arick A Spe<Mdny by a Specialist

School-Advertising Specialist,
PROSPECT HILL. BEVERLY, MASS.
Masonic Temple, CHICAGO, ILL.
E. E. Gaylord, Manager.

V J
The Best Commercial Text Books
Are not produced by chance but are the result of wide experience, ripe scholar-
ship and especial fitness for the work.

The Powers & Lyons Publications

Are prepared under these conditions. Their authors in each case had a large
experience in teaching commercial subjects and with this combined a thoro and
practical knowledge of pedagogy. It is not surprising that these books represent
the best and latest of business methods and at the same time present each subject
in accordance with the approved rules of pedagogy. It is the only series of com-

mercial text books written with any appreciation of, or with any reference to cor-
rect rules of pedagogy. There are more than forty titles on this list and all are
good, but for your work get at least :::::::
Office Methods & Practical Boolilieeping, Lyons' Com-
mercial Law, Modern Commercial Arithmetic,
and Modern Business Speller.

W^rite us of you
^ -ADDRESS-
e Your correspond-
needs for cotntner
cial text books.
POWERS & LYONS ence shall have
our personal atten-
tion.
NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO V J^

I
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One
NOW READY A Business Speller
"^

Hundred Lessons in English. A comprehensive little Book on

Spelling-, 120pages of words most
HIS, the latest addition to the Packard series of
frequently seen in business corre-
01 text-books, has been prepared with a special spondence.
view to the requirements of commercial Divided into lessons
schools and is intended to provide students, in tlie
:
of fifty words each. Several les-
shortest time possible, with those essentials of sons of words pronounced alike,
practical Knglish required in business intercourse.
but spelled differently. Just the
Besides other important matters, it covers in a
manner not heretofore presented, the subject of thing for the school room. Sample
spelling, punctuation, and English syntax, and copy sent postpaid for 25 cents.
affords a course in letter-writing, not only in con-
formity with the best usage of the present day,
but remarkable for its simplicity, uniformity, and
definiteness.
Business Letter Writing
A unique feature of the book, and one especially One of the neatest and brightest
valuable to commercial and shorthand schools, littleworks on Commercial Cor-
where new students are constantly entering, is the
respondence. Unlike anything
peculiar arrangement of the matter, by which a
student may begin at any point, proceed to the end else published. Write for sample
of the book, return to Lesson I, and stop at the pages. Single copy sent postpaid
point of beginning, without any sacrifice whatever. for fifty cents.
The book contains 410 pages, beautifully printed
on good paper, and is handsomeiy and substan- Other books published are " Musselman's Prac-
tially bound in cloth.
tical Bookkeeping," "High School Bookkeeping,"
"Commercial Law," "Commercial Arithmetic."
A sample copj- of One Hundred Lessons in English
will bemailed to any teacher or school officer, for ex-
amination, on receipt of fifty cents.
Try a Box of Mussehnayi's Perfection Pens, 25 cents.
-CORRESPONDENCE INVITED-
S. S. PACKARD, Publisher, D. L. Musselman Publishing Co.
lOl EA.ST 23ra STREET, NEW YORK QVINCY, ILLINOIS.
V. V
LESS TEACHING— MORE TRAINING. Extracts froiii Hecent Cotrespoii-
That is the plan of the new book. dence of Ttie Ptioqooraptiic

THE Institute Coinpaiiy.

am much pleased with the ••Phono*

so

Phonographic Amanuensis,
I
graphic Amanuensis" tliat I have decided to
use It in my work next year. U fills exactly
the demand that has been met by us for the
past two years with the Gregg system, but it
A Presentation of Pitman Phonography, More Especially does more, for with it is as a basis thestudent
1 easily go beyond the amanuensis stage.
I

Adapted to the Use of Business and Other Schools Devoted

am especially pleased with the early introduc-
tion of phrases, contractions, and position-
to the Instruction and Training of Shorthand Amanuenses. wntmg, and I have no doubt that our use of
the "Amanuensis" will bring about results per-
fectly satisfactory to students.— Emma Stock-
By JEROME B. HOWARD. iQger rcertifieated Teacher]. State Agricultural
College and School of Mechanic Arts, Bozeman,
Montana.
With a IVefalory Note by
1 find the "Phonographic Amanuensis" a

BENN PITMAN. superior book. Ther^f is not on the market a

shorthand text to be compared with it. Had
this book been on the market four or Ave years
ago, the Gregg shorthand would never have
Cloth. i2mo. 2i6 pages. $i. had the run it has. The demand was fur s.niu-
thing easier— something by which the stu l«-iii
could get a working knowledge of in a r.lioriei
THE PHONOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE COMPANY, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
time, and, regardless of system, the teai_li< r?
turned to books that seemed to accomplish this
result. With the "Amanuensis" the best sys-
tem can be mastered as soon if not sooner than
The Following-described Features are Distinctive of this Book s— B. J- Ferguson [Certifi-

It :unlain^ a direct and simple exposition of the Benn Pitman System of riionography, witli
especial leterence to the preparation of the student for the work of the business or I have taught shorthand for fifteen
office and
amaiiuenis. 1 consider your new book, "The P
graphic Amanuensis," the best text on !

Itteaches position-writing from the beginninf^. hand that I have ever found. No one can
a mistake in adopting it.- L. C. Klii
The application of (he principles of abbreviation to each part of the^ system taught s College, Ottawa, Ohio.
is in immediate
connection with the primary presentation of such part.
The " Phonographic A
The book consists of sixfy /essotis, each one of which may be mastered in a
single school day by
any student qualified by general education and natural aptitudes to perform successfully eral different systems. We intend
the i

work of the business amanuensis. the "South s coming year— W. P.

Potter, Southw Business College, St.
Outlines for 7i'oftfs are given in the ^rsf lesson. Louis, Mo.
Sentences are written in the eii^hlh lesson.
I am so well pleased with the "Phonographic
Phrases are written in the fifteenth lesson. Amanuensis" that we shall use it in our clas>*es
the coming year.— Roy E. Kuller. Academy of
Business Letters are written in the t^oentv-seeoml Xf^^ow—^X the end of the Northwestern University. Evanston. Ill,
first month.

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 ^^^'^Uii/n£U'<g4i&uaiir' ^
The Gregg Publications
Every well-inforniL-d commercial teacher knows of the wonderful success of Gregg Shorthand.
Seven ^-ears ago there were not more than twenty schools using it; today it is taught in more than
half the schools in the United States and Canada.
It is not so generally known that Gregg Shorthand is taught in almo.st every country where the
English language is spoken. Yet nearly every week our books and publications are shipped to Eng-
land, New Zealand, South Africa, the West Indies, Japan, and other foreign countries.
In the past month we have issued a handsome edition of the Spanish adaptation of Gregg
Shorthand— thus another wide field for Gregg Shorthand is opened.

Av J
' 'TJ^^^^^l,. Vilf
icni
w Ir^

^^J»J^JI
^KS3«» ' ^^^"IP
i m1
PREPARING GREGG PUBLICATIONS FOR
Hfl 1 SUIP.-^IK .1.

While the unprecedented success of Gregg Shorthand has overshadowed the other publications
handled by us, there is not a book on our list which has not been eminently successful— some of them
have succeeded far beyond our greatest anticipations. Let us mention a few of them

This book, Of all our

though issued
al-
a WORDS: Their Spelling, Pro books — save
Rational Typewriting Gregg Short-
few years ago, is nunclatlonr Definition and Ap hand-this little
now more exten- plication 1 1
sively used bj'
speller has met
represen t a t i v e By Rupert P SoKeli.e with the most
commercial and Charles \v. kitt astonishing suc-
schools than any other text-book on the subject of type- cess. When we
writing. Since the revised edition was published it has go, we staked our reputation
grown rapidly in favor with experienced and progressive issued it, less than a yea
teachers. A sample copy will be sent to any teacher or
on the prediction that it i Lild have the greatest sale of
any commercial speller e\ blished, and our predii
school officer on receipt of fiftj- cents. is rapidly being verified.
,

A sample copy of "WORD ill

be sent on receipt of fifteen cents.
A succinct and This little book,
ENGLISH: Progressl)/e Studies practical presen-
Punctuation Simplified written by a
tation of Eng- teacher of na-
By Francis Effinger-Kaymond lish, particular-
By J. Clifford Kennedy tional reputa-
ly and peculiarly tion, is a marvel
adapted to the of simplicity. It
needs of commercial schools, A sample copy will be sent reduces the subject of practical punctuation to an exact
on receipt of forty cents. science. A sample copy sent on receipt of fifteen cents.

THE GREGG PUBLISHING CO., Chicago.

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^
 '^J'SBud/fi^U'^tAu^iiir' ^
ISAAC PITMAN'S
SHORTHAND
Logical as a Mathematical Text=book
Engrossing as a M'ork on Science
Fascinating as the Latest Novel

" Every man, I suppose, in mature life, looks on a system or an institution

from his own professional point of view. A physician examines a thing- from a
physician's point of view; a lawyer from a lawyer's a clergyman from a clergy- ;

man's. Being a school principal of twenty years* experience in handling large

numbers of children and adults in the public schools of Chicago, I cannot help
looking at your system of shorthand from a purely pedagogic point of view. A
man whose lifework is connected with the study of text-books acquires a certain
facility of judging such books from a pedagogic view. The faculty of presenting
facts and principles to a learner in a clear, lucid and systematic way, is one of the
rarest gifts of the human mind. Everything depends on the way a story is told to
be effective and in text-books everything depends on the way the subject is de-
;

veloped. Taking up the subject of shorthand a few years ago for amusement, being
entirely unprejudiced and ignorant, I began a thorough examination of tt>e various
systems on the market. The clearness, the directness and the perspicacity of
the Isaac Pitman system challenged my admiration above all others. I found it
as logical as a mathematical text=book, as engrossing as a work on science and
as fascinating as the latest novel. Speaking as a professional educator, whose
business it is to supervise and oversee the teaching of a dozen different subjects to
the young, I have no hesitation in saying, that, from a pedagogic point of view,
the Isaac Pitman Twentieth Century 'Instructor' is one of the very best text-
books I have ever met in any subject, barring none. In shorthand it has no
serious r\\&\." — Edward L. C. Morse, Principal, Phil Sheridan Public School,
Chicago, III.

Send for copy of " Reasons Why"

Write for a sample copy of Pitman's Journal. An American Magazine for Isaac
Pitman Teachers and Writers. Yearly subscription, postpaid, 25c.

ISAAC PITMAN & SONS, Publishers

31 UNION SQUAliE (West) NEW YORK
gjgf^ There is a greater demand for first-class Isaac Pitman
"^ teachers to fill positions in schools using or
about to adopt the system than we can supply.

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|
 COLUMBUS, O., SEPTEMBER, 1904.

THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR.

Second
fT ^
Published Monthly (except July and August), by
Two Editions of the Business
Zaner & Bloser,
fallows:
118 N. High St.. Columbus, O., as
Teachers' Professional Edition. $1.00 a Educator
Year (Foreign Subscriptions 30 cents extra); Stud-
ents' Penmanship Edition, 65 cents a year. (Foreien
Subscriptions 30 cents extra).
V ^
C. P. Zaner. Columbus. O. Edito; With this number of The Business Educator we begin the publication
E. E. Gaylord. Beverly. Mas ;iate Editor
E. W. Bloser, Columbus. O. ss Manager of two editions, to be known as the Students' Penmanship edition of
thirty-tivopages at sixly-five cents a year, and the Teachers' Profes-
sional edition of forty-eight pages at one dollar a year.
vhich may be sent to Mr. Gayli

Two Ediilons. Edu ATOR IS

Ulbv Do Ole Dolt?
published in two ed The Profes-
sional Edition cont 48 ormore pagres. 16 of Because there is demand for such publica-
a need and a consequent
which 3 Department plan and tions, and, when rightly conducted, we believe
more value alike to stud-
specially suited to the i of teachers, principals,
ent and teacher can be given than is possible in the single edition. Why?
and proprietors. Colo ;tle paee. Price $1.00 a
year. Because there is much in the Teachers' or Professional edition that is of
The Students' Penmanship Edition contains 32 no interest to pupils, and they must either pay for something they do not
pages and is the same as the Professional Edition,
less the sixteen pages devoted to the Departments
use or the publishers must put the price below cost, neither of which is
of Commercial Teachint;. This edition is specially expedient or in line with good business.
suited to students in Commercial. Public and
Private schools, and contains .all of the Penmanship.
Engrossing, Pen Art, and Lesson features in the Olbat Docs Tt mean ?
Professional Edition. Price 65 cenls a year.
It that the student will get just what he wants, and the teacher
means
Change of Address. If you change your ad- what he wants, at a minimum cost.
dress, be sure to notify us promptly (in advance, if
It means an enlargement of four pages for the Professional edition
possible), and be careful to give the old as well as
the new address. We
lose many papers each issue without an increase in price, and more space for penmanship in the
through neglii;;ence on the part of subscribers. Penmanship edition.
Back Numbers cannot, as a rule, be supplied.
Postmasters are not allowed to forward journals
unless postage is sent to them for that purpose. n Purely Penmanship Periodical
The Busir ess Edtieal or s devc ted tc the pro- i
The Students' Penmanship edition will be almost exclusivel)^ devoted to
gressive and pra( .ical inte rest 3 of B ismes s Educa- business and ornate writing, flour-
tion and Pen man ^llip. A JOUl nal v\ lose r ussion IS
penmanship in all of its phases ;

to dignify, popu, mze,

a Id 1 niprove the world's ishing, engrossing, designing, etc., etc.
newest and ncec iest ed cati on. pur poses to t
The one main request ofour readers has been "let us have more
inspire and i nstrict both pupil and leach ir. and to
further the i iterests of th ose engaged in the work,
penmanship." And it gives the publishers pleasure to thus comply with
in private as veil as in public instit jtions of busi- the wishes of their subscribers.
ness educatio n.

Teachers, Agents, and Club

$ize< Price, and Circulation
Rafes to
12-aisers sent upon application. Write for them
whether you are in a position to send fe many Three things be accomplished by this change in publication. First,
will
subscriptions. Sample copies furnished the Teachers' edition is four pages larger than heretofore, without an
subscriptions.
Considering that The siNESs Educator is
increase in subscription price. Second, the price to students is sixty-five
high grade in every part ar; that progressive, cents, instead of one dollar a year, with more penmanship in the bargain.
practical lessons in pen ihip are a distinctive Third, the circulation will, in all probability, be doubled this school
feature of the magazine; :hal departments of inter-
est and helpfulness in sul .
year, because the price to students is considerably less, either on single
Education are found only subscriptions or in clubs.
ill lilv tha nly
the best but the cheapest, quality, characte
and Quantity are considered.
1

eiub Raisers and JIaents

ertisin§ K.ates furnished upon application. Should write us immediately for our rates on both editions, as we are able
usiNESS Educator being the highest grade to ofi'er you something that will make it worth your while to work for the
of its class, is purchased and read by the
I

and ell-to-do among those inter- best paper of its kind. Sample copies for the asking, to assist in
tion and penmanship, in the "securing subscriptions.
United States, Canada, England, and nearly every
country on the globe. It circulates, not alone among Both editions
business college proprietors, teachers, and pupils,
but also among principals of commercial depart- are the same in quality, the only difference being that the Professional
ments of High Schools. Colleges and Religious more than the Penmanship edition, these extra
Schools, as well as among office workers, home edition contains 16 pages
students, etc. pages being devoted to Business Education.
 f^^f^Uii/n^U^^/uai^fr ^
Certificate for Proficiency in Pennnanship.

To encourage excellence in business writing, the publishers of The BrsiNEss Educator have decided not only
to give the most inspiring, instructive, and practical lessons in business writing, but to offer, also, a beautiful Cer-
tificate for proficieticy in Penmanship, a greatly reduced facsimile of which is presented herewith, made and signed
by the editor of The Business Educator, and signed also by the student's teacher. The pupil thus has the double
incentive to learn to write well that of the improvement and excellence such writing of itself produces, and that of
;

a reward from the hands of those competent to certify to such excellence.

Ulbo may Secure this Certificate ?

All subscribers whofollow faithfully any series of lessons given in The Business Educator, and who make
sufficient improvement and write a. practical business hand will be awarded this Certificate. All applicants in Busi-
ness, Public, Parochial, or Private Schools must first have their work endorsed and recommended for this award by
their teacher of writing. A specimen of their best penmanship before beginning work upon said lessons together
with a duplicate of the lessons in their best hand must be submitted to the editor, C. P. Zaner, for final decision
and award.
first and Tinal Specimens
Let the first, as well as the final, specimen be as follows: The entire alphabet of small and capital letters and
figures, and, " This is a specimen of my penmanship this (write day in full) day of (write month in full), nineteen
hundred and . 'Sign your name here). Date each specimen when written, the one when beginning the course
and the other when finishing it.
A fee of fif/y cents is charged for examining the specimens, engrossing or writing upon the certificate the name
of the student and that of the school he is attending, and mailing securely in a tube. No charge is made where no
certificate is granted, and no examination made of specimens unless endorsed by the teacher. Stamps must be
enclosed for return of specimens, or they will go by the waste basket route.

I^ome Students
Can secure this certificate without endorsement of a teacher by filing first specimens with the editor when beginning
such practice. Now is the time to secure a good handwriting and a certificate, signed by those who are in every
way capable of judging and therefore of certifying to such ability.

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 same position. Keep on
Prefatory Remarks doing this until you feel
that you have an easy,
Tiiat tills course may be natural position of the
helpful to many is my hands, arms and pen-
earnest wish. I have holder. Grasp the pen-
asked myself the ques- holder firmly, but do not
tion.What would I like in grip it. Move the top of
the way of copies if I were the paper to the left in
anxious to improve my front of the body so that
handwriting? In giving the right arm will be
a course of lessons nearly parallel with the
through a paper of this right side of the paper.
kind it is difficult to say
Hrtii movement
the right thing in the
right way. Too little as With the mind ready tr>
well as too much might be dictatewhat the hand.
said. I shall try not to pen and arm should do,
burden any one with un- I suggest that you rt-lax
necessary instruction. It all the muscles of lite
shall be brief, and I trust right arm. Start the arm
to the point. Those who to roll on the muscle in
intend to follow this front of the elbow going
course wid please write the left way around or in
on one sheet of paper two the direction the arrow-
sets of figures 1 to 0, all points in exercise number
the capital letters, and 1; then move the arm in

the following paragraph: and out of the sleeve;

" Success is the result of then go the right way
a attitude, and
mental around, opposite from the
the right mental attitude first. Do this with a dry
ill bring s i
pen gliding it lightly over
everytl you mder the paper. Xow glide the
take-" pen across the paper from
Mail this to me.At the left to right, the arm
end of each month send working at the elbow, but
iiaeyour practice work not at the wrist. Go
from the lessons, and at the close of the Use paper, size S x 10, with light blue line; through the same four movements again,
course I shall look over all the work and a medium coarse pen —
Spencerian, Zaner- but raise the eyes and look forward, still
determine who has made the most im- ian, Gillott's. Esterbrook's and of course driving the movement rapidly on the
provement. there are other makes; a cork or rubber muscle in front of the elbow. You now
materials tipped penholder, and a good fluid ink that have the four principal movements in
flows freely. Do not make the mistake of learning to write; namely, the direct ellip-
The best paper, pens, holder and ink putting guui arable or sugar or anything tical or oval, the push and pull or the in
should be used. Some one has said, "Do else of this kind in your ink. and out movement, indirect illiptical or
not read good books, but read the best oval, and the movement across tlie page,
books.'* So in this work provide yourself Position sometimes called the lateral movement. I
with the best. It costs very little more. Study the illustrated positions of the use the term illiptical because it is more
When you once use the best you will be hands and body given herewith. Notice detinlte.
satisfied with nothing short of the best. how the penholder is held. Assume the

Cbat Certificate. Now is the ti roll up your sleeve vour under sleeve) and *' get busv " upon either Messrs. Doner s. Currier s
t

or Tamblj'n's series of lessons now ru a in Thk BusIXKSS EniCATOR. Send to them vour practice between the tirst and fifth of each
month so they may criticise it in the 1ing number of THE BUSINESS EDL'CATt)R. Do "this regularly, follow faithfully the instructions
and those of your teacher, and thert reason why you cannot win the certificate. Remember, this certificate will mean souiething
because it will be given solely lerit. It will take sincere effort to get one, and for that reason it will mean something and
consequently be worth somethini,^ to the one earning and holding it,
 Plate I

The three exercises should be made rapidly on the muscle in front of the elbow. First get the pen in motion, touch the paper
lightly, and drive the pen rapidly. Use no finger movement whatever. I name these exercises the direct ellipse; the push and pull
or the in and out movement; and the indirect ellipse. The count for numbers 1 and 3 should be luh, 2uh, 3uh, 4uh, luh, 2uh, 3uh,
4uh, etc., the figures for the downward strokes and the uh for the upward strokes, the emphasis being placed on the 1. Retrace
eight or ten times for each push and pull exercise. Raise the pen between the exercises but continue it in motion. Same count as
for number 1. Do not count 1-2-3-4, but put the "uh" between the numbers. This is not only more pleasing to the ear, but it is

musical and more easily followed.

In line 1 retrace each exercise eight or ten times. Count luh, 2uh, 3uh, 4uh, 5uh, 6uh, 7, 8, 9, 10. Having the pupils count aloud
with the teacher while they write often creates interest and is beneficial. Exercises 2, 3, and 4 should be continuous across the
paper. First get the pen in motion, dip ink when necessary, beginning where you left oflf.
 ^^M^^ud/n^d^i^/iua/^/- ^
Plate 3

These exercises give strength of movement in writing across the page. The movement should be light and rapid between the
o's and the downward strokes. Retrace the o and the downward strokes four or five times in lines 2, 3 and 4, then glide. Count
luh, 2uh, 3uh, 4uh, glide, etc. These exercises are larger than the actual writing will be. They are thus made for the purpose of
developing freedom of movement. By all means study the copy before you write. Think before jou act.

3
7^ ^^^
^ / ^3 ^^^Y

Plate 4

Retrace large figures as given in line 1. Use pure arm movement. Reduce them as in lines two and three and still use arm
movement. Make them smaller as indicated in the following lines. The last two lines should be made not so much with arm but
with hand movement, allowing the hand to play as it were on the knuckle of the little finger. Movement is generated by making
the figures large, gradually reducing them until finally small forms can be made by using the combined movement of arm, hand
and fingers. This is also true in making exercises and letters. It helps greatly to bridge the gap between the ability to make
smooth, accurate movement exercises and the ability to apply movement to writing.

Plate S

These exercises develop a light, free, quick, continuous movement, continuous especially in lines 4, fi and 7. Count for lines
1 aTul 2 is the same as in plate 1 but a little faster. Make the small o exercise rapidly, placing it in the center of the retraced
ellipse. The ending stroke in line .'i should be made with a light, quick movement. Count luh, 2uh, 3uh, 4uh, 5uh, 6uh, 7 loop, or
use the word swing instead of loop, for line 5. Same count for line fi. For line 7 count to 8 and add "glide", etc.
While I consider the count essential, yet it can be carried too far. Do not depend too mxich upon it. But when you do count
make it smooth and rythmical. This manner of counting gives life and enthusiasm to a class, which can be had in no other way.
 '

"'M^JWM^l'
'

'^'.'.

iessons in Practical IPriting

Students' Speci-
mens criticised
through the
B. E.

Few beginners really know how to practice that is, niucli valuable time and effort is wasted through lack t>( concentration
and unsystematic work. Be methodical and m ter each copy as it comes. If you do this there is not much chance of failure.
Review Plate 1 frequently, for )vement is a basic principle, without which one can accomplish but little. Have confidence in yourself.
and remember your progress 11 be measured by your appHcntion and strength of ambition.

/v^/(£. y/

Lines from 1 to 5 contain the letters given in previous plates. Wide spacing is desired. Make at least half a page of each word
five to the line, excepting the first. The o should be closed at the top — not quite round. The body of a slants considerably and
finishes with same lines as small /.

^/e yy/

Plate 7
Write on lines fii st, then across. Endeavor to get a strong, straight connective line. Watch the w.
 ^i^^uJ/ned^^/iu^i^ir' ^
P/^/-e.

Plate 8
The movement exercises are one-half space in height. fingers now. Do it with the arm. Retrace top of c carefully
Watch the
and have back of letter nearly straight. The v is difficult. Finish like the w. Try to get down stroke of No. — r— well slanted and
fi

the retrace or dot above turn. No. 8 will require much hard work. Make the angle decided and finish like i. Much of the beauty
of writing is marred in the finishing line. The curve must be short and slanted the same as connective strokes. The first Hue of r
and s ought to be short. Close .s at base.

Plate 9

Are you using a light, free arc lovement? Spacing and slant need careful attention here.

?IR. CANAN'S LATEST AND FINEST SIGNATURE.

Cborns and Flowers.

C. C. Canan will soon issue a beauti-

ful book of poetry by the above title.
His work in this line is said to be
especially fine. Mr. Canan has not en-
joyed good health during the past
three years and has given much atten-
tion to poetry. The book will contain
thirty-four gems of his finest wrork,
and will sell at a low price. We predict
that many of our readers will desire a
copy of the l)ook.
 Practical Business IPriting
Cls Ctpplieb to Business ^^orms

'—~° i"<L'r. V',.."":'. ..:

: "TT. . : ...:

SIGHT DKAKl.

^^;^<5z-<z^ Z^ zi<^z_-,e^

EXCHANGE DRAFT.
 e^^^^{^;i^>^^^j^ ^
$crttiotict$ or Supplementary Copies by Francis B* Courtney. Comment by £• P. Zaner*

Business education is needed by the preacher and poet in order to get along without petty tit annoyances. Tlje
t

painter as well as the novelist needs a knowledge of business because both must live and posse least the common
necessities of life without which there is not niucli joy. Business education enables its pos essor to earn a living without
unnecessary effort and worry, and to devote extra time and energy to one's desires, be it n poetry, painting, preaching,
plowing, politics, or penmanship.

-i^'^r-z-c-t^-^^

<'^z..'C^,^^^'>C.€^^:?>

2i-^S^

That's it; it's the effort that counts rather than the practice. The latter only shows the quality of the former. The
effort to secure precision in form makes precise forms possible. Accurate forms are objectifications of inward efforts— pro-
jected impulses — materialized visions or mental images. See clearly, think definitely, will firmly, act quickly, and the
result will be high grade and graceful. Mere practice squanders time, ink, pens, and paper. Right practice invests these
things In a good hand writing which bears dividends for life.

The business world is needing, and consequeiilly demamling. more ami better writing than ever before in the world's
history. As a consequence more young men and women are today learning to write well than at any time in the past.
Writing is therefore something more than an accomplishment; it is a modern business necessity. Incentive seems to be a
necessary part of effort; the price or worth of an article is measured by the effort required to secure it. Writing is not
lightly won nor cheaply sold.
 f^^^u^fn^i^iidfiaiifr^ ^
XOTE. These edit orals began some Portraiture
months ago and were omitted in ciur May
and June issues for want of space. The pre- BY P. W. COSTELLO, SCRANTON, PA.
vious articles dealt with the teachmg of
children and the evil rather than the good We have on hand, and promised, a dozen
that arises from premature instruction in Editor's Page
writing. portraits from the facile pen of Mr. Costello,
which we wish to present from time to
time to the readers of THE BUSINESS EDU-
cujo ^°^ i,\iSi\\ we get
" 2^'^
CATOR. We
do this because of the high
the old to the new ?
'

i'^om.
luavs
* character of the work that he is doing, and
is naturally the first ques- other things they have not learned, to bring it within the possibility of acquire-
tion to be asked the advocate of any finding in the writing lesson the same ment on the part of home students. \Ve
new scheme of education. And un- old letters with which they are al- shall also endeavor to so present it that it
less this connection can be made ready familiar. may be better appreciated by the average
without violence to existing condi- And where there is a change from reader. The art portraying likeness, and
tions, there is but poor prospect of drawing the letters to the practice of therefore character, is no mean or trillitig
success. Reforms of a stable char- movement exercises, preparatory to affair. The pen, like the violin, is an instru-
acter come slowly and remain. And letter and word practice later on, the ment the range and possibilities of which
it is well that it is so. Vertical writ- enthusiasm ends with the writing need only the touch of talent to reveal its
ing came quickly, and subsided lesson, and the progress as well. wondrous powers. Itself but a small in-
almost as soon. Time, the leveler of They go back to the fingers for their strument, with but slight flexibility, but
all conditions, and the adjuster of all written work and undo the practice
He is when subjected to the touch of a master
reforms, works wonders. of the writing hour, as well as re- hand, it produces such effects in lights and
sometimes slow, but sure as death establish the old way. This, often- shades that life fairly speaks from the
and taxes. Be sure you're right, and times, in spite of very thorough printed page. It is therefore well worth
Father Time, coupled with persever- movement drills during the writing knowing more about, and the examples
ance, will help you to win the battle period. given will help to illustrate its powers.
of reform. With the abandonment of writing
The first thing that you can do, on the part of the little folks, more
and I can do, and the teacher of attention can and should be given to Partial Contents of tbe Ceacbers' Pro-
littletx)ts can do, and any one who the teaching of writing when the fessional edition.
comprehends the need can do, is to pupils are old enough to practice
advocate and require less written rightly, and when writing is actually Associate Editor's Page.
work upon the part of children. This needed in other things.
much anybody, who can see the Commercial Geography, by Frank
As pupils enter the grammar grades O. Carpenter, Boston.
wisdom of it and who cares, can do. they need to be taught writing with a
It is the first wedge which can and vim and not with a snail-like pace. Business Correspondence, Carl
will, when once started, open the way They need to be taught draifhig in Lewis Altmaier, Dre.xel Institute,
to true teaching and correct learning. the primary grades and ifriliiig in Philadelphia.
Then if the individual writes poorly the grammar grades.
you will know that it is not the fault Drawing needs to be taught to Business Practice, J. M. Davis,
of system or method, if you do your stimulate observation, and from six Heald's Business College, San
It will then be perseverance Francisco.
part'. to ten years is the period when obser-
and care, and not the result of dis- vation is most active. Writing needs Practical Mathematics, W. E.
couragement from unlearning. to be taught to stimulate correct White, Gem City Business College,
The next step which can be taken, expression, and from ten to fourteen Ouincy, 111.
and is being taken by a few pro- years is the period when technical
gressive teachers, supervisors and grammar should be taught and Commercial Law, W. H. Whigam,
educators, is to teach, advise, or ad- practiced. Metropolitan Business College,
vocate large ii'ri/i?ig for littlf folks. Chicago.
Blackboards are the best medium at "On Haain."
the present time for this work. Chil-
Commercial Education at the
dren will voluntarily use the arm
World's Fair; the N. E. A. Conven-
instead of the fingers for such writ- Here we are after a two months rest
tion, and G. W. Brown's Exhibit.
ing. The posture is also more apt to ready for a new year of progress in The M.\rch of tMe Pedagogues.
be healthful. Soft pencils and pads penmanship and business education.
of lar^e wide-ruled paper can be se- The two months maj' have seemed The Commercial School Renn.\is-
cured in many localities. long to you, but to us they have been sance in the Athens of America.
These things will follow in the short and utilized in a large measure History of Platt Rogers Spencer,
wake of a knowledge of their need, in planning and completing the work A. H. Hinman.
for Americans are not stingy, partic- before us.
ularly when it does not come out of Each number of The Business Ed- School .\nd Profession.al.
the school board's pocket. ucator will be filled to over-flowing
N.ATION.A.L C0MMERCL\L TEACHERS'
Less and larger writing can there- with skill, up-to-date ideas, practical Federation Announcement from
fore be advocated and taught in al- knowledge; inspiration, and reliable President Spencer.
most every community. A little at news of the profession. No half-edi-
first, but, by tact, a little more and a tions, mainly of announcements and Concerning Commencements.
little more, and ere you are aware, advertisements, are issued from Eastern Commercij\l Teachers'
old conditions will be paving the way Columbus to keep up the "twelve full Association Announcement from
by gradually and gently, and possi- nurhbers," the main object of which President Hope.
bly gracefully, stepping out of the is to collect advertising money.
way for the new and the true. The outlook at the present time is News Notes and Notices.
miju Writing as taught to most encouraging for The Business Catalogs and Circulars.
Tnterest children soon gets old. Educator. This is due to two things :

Dies monotonous, and tire- it is the best of its class, and business
some. This
one reason
is education and practical penmanship From South Hfriea.
why it is difficult to develop and are in greater demand and more pop-
maintain interest and enthusiasm in ular than they have ever been. It is much pleasure I renew my sub-
with
the grammar grades and high school. scription to such an up-to-date business
Many, many schools are planning paper, and let me assure you that we South
Having acquired the small and capi- to club us that have heretofore stood African commercial teachers appreciate the
tal letters, and practiced them over by the "old and boisterous guns." opportunity thus aft"orded of keeping in
and over many times, and having We are ready to serve you to the best touch with the latest and best ideas of
America's most successful commercial
used writing daily for four years in of our several abilities for, as you teachers.
spelling, lang-uage, and composition will notice, we have many editors and T. ROGER Shepherd,
work, the children, as they enter the contributors in the make up of The Durban, S. Africa.
Principal Commercial Department,
grammar grades, look forward to Business Educator. Durban Business College.
 ^i^^^Uii/u^iU^dfu^i^ifr ^
Our Departments best in literature for the home. A. C.
McCIurg & Co., of Chicago, his pub-
In conformity to a fixed purpose lishers, have advertised his works
widely his books have been aggres-
to move steadily forward in the ser- AssooJate=Editor's ;

sively pushed among business men,

vice of commercial education, The
through the System Company, and
Business Educator has added to its his Correspondence School of En-
staff of editorial assistants some of glish has added to his prestige. He
the most capable and forceful teach- has a special class in Northwestern
ers and writers to be found anywhere To speak of Mr. Car- University and during the past sum-
among' commercial schools. The con- eommercial penter's work, after the mer has been on the staff of teachers
tributions in this issue are merely eeograpby splendid record he made in the summer school of the Metro-
last year, would be to politan Business College, Chicago.
curtain raisers. The October number,
which will reach our readers just as question the perception and appreci- We have Mr. Cody's books and they
ation of our readers. It is enough to are marvels of condensation, yet
they are settling into the harness for pithy, pointed, suggestive. We pre-
say that he is unanimously recog-
a long-, steady pull, will be full of good nized by New England commercial dict' that teachers of all grades in
things to lighten the teacher's load. teachers as the premier teacher of commercial schools will follow with
If you are not a regular subscriber, Commercial Geography, and that exceptional interest every article in
let us have your name on our list at those who followed his work in these Mr. Cody's course. Keep in close
once, so that you may not miss a pages last year are glad to pay the touch with Mr. Altmaier's series as
price of this magazine just for Mr. an excellent preparation for the work
single number.
Carpenter's most practical assistance in Commercial English.
This will be the great year
for our Department of in a field that needs the pioneer work The commercial teacher
Office who does
Office Practice. It will be
of strong men. Mr. Carpenter is a Ethics not know who
Practice Harvard graduate, a classmate of L. M. Thornburgh is, ar-
a symposium from the
President Roosevelt's, and a strenu- gues himself unknown, so that it
foremost teachers, on the most im-
portant features of this crowning ous worker. would seem superfluous to speak of,
element in a sound commercial We the man-
have all the wonderful work that this earnest
Business uscript for Mr. Alt- spirit has accomplished; but for fear
course. The article in this number there may be those who have recently
may be taken as foreshadowing Correspondence maier's series of ar-
and eommereial tides, and they will joined the ranks who do not know it,
the good things to come. Mr. J. M.
Davis, the author, is regarded every- Enalisb be found very sug- we want to say that, in all our travels
where among the fair teachers of the gestive. ]\I r . Alt- among schools in all parts of Uncle
Pacific Coast as one of the leaders — maier is one of the most popular Sam's dominion, we have come across
professors in Drexel Institute and no other man who could go into a
if not ///(• leader in this line of work.
the author of an excellent text-book city like Paterson, N. J., and so im-
Mr. W. H. Whigam on Correspondence, which is reviewed press his ideals on a class entering
eommereial needs no introduction in another column. The course in in September that by March he could
Caw to most of our readers, Correspondence will be followed by a go out for a half day at a time with-
though many of them course in Commercial English, by out fear of the result if the city sup-
have known of him only as the leader Sherwin Cody, perhaps one of the erintendent should step in during his
par excellence in business and office best trained among present-day writ- absence. We have met but few other
practice work of the most advanced ers on Business English. teachers about whom everybody had
character. Doubtless many will be Mr. Cody graduated from Amherst not only kind words but also enthusi-
surprised to learn that he has shown in 1889 as prize man of his class in astic words of praise. We do not
as much force and. originality in the mathematics and with high rank in know what other commercial teacher
treatment of Commercial Law as in the sciences. He had become inter- has made so strong an impression on
writing a Commercial Arithmetic or ested in English literature, however, that princely color-bearer. Dr. O. S.
in developing one of the finest Count- and took special personal instruction Marden, as to be urged to take a staff
ing House Departments in any school under Prof. John F. Genung, author position on the magazine " Success."
in the world. Look out for next of the well-known text-books on We have talked with Mr. Thorn-
month's installment. Rhetoric. He became so much enam- burgh's friends, we have visited with
Mr. W. E. White has ored of the work that he decided to and addressed his pupils, we have
Business already given our read- give up his chosen calling of engi- often enjoyed the hospitality of his
nritbmetic ers a taste of his quality neering and devote himself to the home, we have been intimately ac-
in the June number of application of scientific methods in quainted with him for years, and we
last year. Convention-goers know the study of language and literature. know that his is a personality of rare
Him as one of the most aggressive, He taught country school, was re- worth in the school room. In view
intelligent, and able young men in porter on a Boston daily, private of all these things, and considering
the commercial teaching profession. secretary for a notable public man, the policy for which The Business
In the famous Gem City Business proof-reader in a well-known New EnrcATOR has always stood, we are
College he handles very largeclasses, Hampshire print shop, secretary in proud that Mr. Thornburgh will use
and the enthusiasm he puts into his Washington to -Senator Chandler, this journal as a medium through
students is worth going a long way editor in New York of a literary news which to send messages of in.spira-
to experience. Teachers of Business and review department for a syndi- tion to the thousands of ambitious
Arithmetic will do well to follow l\Ir. cate of newspapers, writer of short youth among our readers and, by ;

White closely. Mr. E. E. Kent, stories for the magazines, university suggestion, at least, to point out to
recently of the Rider-Moore and lecturer on English, manager of the hundreds of teachers some of the
vStewar't Schools of Business, Tren- advertising of the Chicago Record's golden opportunities they have to
ton, N. J., but now of the commercial " Home Study Circle," conductor of render a service the value of which"
department of the Springfield (Mass.) several English courses in the Chi- cannot be determined until the rip-
High School, will succeed Mr. White cago Tribune's Home School, and ples of mortal influence break on the
with another very strong course in finally the most widely known writer shores of eternity. Let every reader
Commercial Arithmetic. Mr. Kent is of the present day, on concise, prac- catch the pulse beats as Mr. Thorn-
regarded as one of the best commer- tical English for the office, as well as burgh, in these columns, writes
cial teachers in the East. a scholarly exponent of that which is straight from his heart.

'€>^^C^i-'i^i>e^y^^
 f^^^ud/ned^^iUu^^^ ^
cotton mill, but the muslin made
from it is a manufactured product.
The muslin in a dressmaker's shop is
raw material, but the dress made
DEPARTJIENT OF from it is a finished product which is
used by the customer.
So in a flour mill, the wheat berrv is
dommcrcial (5cograpl)B raw material, but the flour a manufac-
tured product. To a baker the flour
Frank O. Carpentbk. is a raw material and bread the manu-
factured thing. To the hotel keeper
bread is a raw material and dry toast
a finished product which is consumed
by the purchaser.
The same reasoning is true in re-
iJ lation to most of the great commercial
staples, and should be noted by the
Fore Ulord for 1904=1905. used to support the laborer at once, teacher to the class.
This department during the past
and a part is often reserved for fu- Raw materials are not usually
ture personal needs. The balance is
year was devoted to the scope, Meth- turned into manufactured products
ods and value of the Science of Com-
—
Capital that part of wealth which is where they originate, but usually must
used to enable men to produce more
merce or Commercial Geography. wealth: as factories, machinery, mon-
be transported long distances, as iron
During the coming year the Editor ore from Lake Superior to be manu-
ey to buy material, etc.
plans to devote his attention to Com- factured in Pittsburg, or cotton from
These'definitions should be learned Texas to be spun in New England.
mercial Products and the problems
of their production, distribution and
and kept in mind, but in ordinary The products of agriculture and
and to Commercial Geography in commercial use production means mining are mostly raw materials — or
use,
the quantity of a thing and the meth- " one process " things.
its relation to other geographical
work and to commercial activities in
ods iDy which it is produced. Thus, There are then three classes of pro-
the production of wheat in the U. S.
domestic and foreign markets. duction in the study of the great
The current literature of the subject, means the number of bushels of staples:
especiallv in the various magazines,
wheat raised and its mode of culture; 1st. Raw materials. 2nd. Processes
of cotton, means the number of bales
is of great value and the Editor will of manufacture. 3rd. Finished pro-
of fibre or yards of cloth and the way
review the best of it so far as space ducts.
it is made; of steel, the millions of
and time permits. Once more he re- This same classification holds in
quests suggestions and criticisms tons made, etc. The subject divides collecting specimens of products for
into several classes: museum or class use.
from interested readers, and would
sav with Whittier
1. Where the thing is produced, as The first two classes are useless
in the earth or water.
" What voa lack in his work to man directly and possess a com-
May you find in his will,
2. Under what conditions, as cli- mercial value only because they may
.\nd winnow in mercy. mate, latitude, highland, etc. be turned into something useful.
The good from the ill." 3. How produced, i. e., what form In class I these points should be
of human labor is used to get it.
COMMERCl.\L PRODUCTS. noted
4. For what purpose the thing is a. Conditions of soil, rock, climate,
The study of commercial production made or used. topography of the place where raw
falls naturally into four classes or Each commercial staple studied materials are obtained.
principles which express the laws should be considered in each of these Methods by which the}' are pro-
b.
which underlie the science. These divisions. duced, and human labor and mechani-
are :
power used. Conditions of life of
a.. Proditc/ion\\). Transportation; c. RAW MATERIALS, ETC. cal
laborer, wag^es, etc.
Distribiilion; d. Consumption. Commercial products are either
a. What a thing is and how it is c. Form in which the raw material
raw materials or manufactured pro- is made ready for shipment, as iron in
produced by human labor. ducts. Raze materials are strictly pigs, cotton in bales, grain in bulk,
b. How ft is carried from the place those things which have been ob- etc. ,method of storing, as in elevators,
of production to the place where it is tained by a single process of human or transportation in cars or steamers.
to be used. labor; as iron ore, crude petroleum, d. Places in U. S. and world where
c. How it is distributed to the con- blocks of marble, and upon which produced.
sumer by means of commerce and further work must be done to fit the e. Statistics, cost of production,
trade, and thing for human use; as to smelt and amounts produced and shipped, etc.
d. How it is used by the consumer cast the iron, refine the petroleurri, In class II, study :

and its value to him, or carve the marble. a. The successive processes by
Are all important questions neces- A few raw materials are at once fit which the raw material is transformed;
sary to a complete knowledge of the for human use; as fruits and some as cotton through carding, spinning,
subject. vegetables and nuts for food, coal for
PRODUCTION. weaving and finishing.
fuel or salt, but most things require b. Labor, power, etc., as in b,
Production, in the science of com- several or many processes of manu- class I.
merce, includes every method or facture. In class III:
means by which commercial staples The term " Raw Materials," as used a. Form of finished products and
are made ready for human use. The in commerce, is fairly accurate, and methods of packing and shipment.
factors of production, as in econo- means material in the mass or rough b. Transportation from mill and
mics, are four upon which considerable labor must distribution to the consumer.
Land, lal>or, zvcatt/i and capital. In yet be done to make it of use to man. c. Usefulness of the finished pro-
this sense Manufactured products are those duct to man.
—
Land every natural substance of upon which considerable human labor d. Localities of production in U. S.
value to mankind, as the soil and has been put to make them of value. and elsewhere.
water; natural forces, as wind power They may be " in process" of manu- e. Statistics of production, ex-
and electricity; or natural conditions, facture or finished products. Finished port, etc.
as climate and topography. products are those which need no Maps, charts, diagrams and graphs,
Labor— all forms of human exertion further work and are ready for use. showing areas and centres of pro-
and industry. The same thing may be a manu- duction, should be made for raw ma-
U'ealt/i— the products which result factured product in one industry and terials, and finished product should
from labor, exerted upon land; as a " raw material " in another. be constantly on hand and in use.
grain, fruits, iron, textiles, sailing For example, the cotton picked With proper outline maps and
vessels, electric dynamos, etc.; that from the plant is really a raw ma- blanks supplied, a pupil can show
is, wealth is anything that is of so terial. It passes through the first his knowledge in a ten minutes writ-
much use to man that he is willing to process of ginning and baling and is ten test.
pay for it in money or services. A then a manufactured product. The [Note. --The Commerce and Indus.try
part of this wealth must, of course, be baled cotton is a raw material in a Company, Room 21, No. 50 Bromfield
 f^^^udm^^i^^f/iu^i&r* ^
Street, Boston, has in press a new
series of outline blanks of great
value. Ready in the fall of 1904.]

BY-PRODUCTS, WASTE PRODUCTS, ETC.

^
DEPARTMENT OF
The great staple productions have
always some chief uses, as corn for
good of men and animals and often;
Business dorresponbcnce.
some other uses obtained by trans-
forming the product in some way, as CAKL LEWIS ALTMAIER,
starch, glucose, corn
oil, alcohol,
etc., all made from corn. These are DREXEL IN.STITUTE, PHII-ADEI.PHIA.
called by-p)-oducts and their value is
often nearly equal to that of the chief
product itself. Cotton fibre or lint is
the chief product of the cotton plant,
and cotton seed a by-product, but the A young man once wrote to the very perfunctory fashion by many;
value of the latter is counted by mil- editor of a magazine, asking how to and m
very few does it rise to the
lions of dollars. succeed in life, to which the editor dignity of a full and practical course.
Waste />rodi<cts are the refuse left replied that success would most All letter writing is composed of
from various manufacturing process- likely be attained if he were to re- t\yo primary elements namely, tech- ;

es—as hoofs and horns from packing member a few things in writing a nique and composition. In the teach-
houses, tailors' clippings,— coal tar, letter to a stranger nainely, to spell
: ing of business correspondence,
which is the refuse of gas making, the name of his correspondent cor- therefore, these two main divisions
etc. These are turned into hundreds rectly ; to avoid giving him an initial should be first impressed upon the
of valuable products. he did not possess ; to inclose a student.
stamp when asking
for a reply for TECHNIQUE
PRODUCTIVE ARE.^S, ETC. personal information to show ; the
A very valuable exercise is to take courtesy of addressing him as " Dear By techniqueis meant the mechan-
Sir," and by either prefixing "Mr." ical part of letter writing; that is,
a map of the State or country showing
or affixing "Esq." to his name; to the form, the quality and style of
the topography, a physical geography
map, in relief'if possible. fold the letter correctly and to ad- ;
paper and envelope, the spelling,
a. Then study the areas of hill, dress the envelope in so clear a man- penmanship or typewriting, punctu-
ner that if the office of the person atiori, and grammar. So far as these
plateau, valley, etc., with reference to
their natural value of situation or written to was in Philadelphia, the details are concerned the letter
capacity to produce various staples letter would not be sent to Boston. should be faultless, and, since no
mining, farming, forest, or manu- Dr. Charles Davidson, Inspector of special ability is necessary to secure
facture. Make in black and white a English for the State of New York, perfection in them, every student
map of these areas. Mark any points in a paper read at the Eastern Com- should be required to reach the high-
which would be well located for mercial Teachers' Association in New est standard in this part of the work.
manufacturing or commercial cen- York last March, said: " Facility in By the form of the letter is meant
tres. Note possible locations for felicitous phrasing has a money value the arrangement of tbe different
trunk lines of railways, canals, etc. in every office. Clear cut, exact, and parts. For the purpose of consider-
b. Then mark upon this map in a vivid phrasing is a priceless acqui- ing the form of the letter it may be
distinctive color the actual use of the sition for any business man." divided into five parts:
same areas, and find reasons why the The President of Brown Univer- 1. The heading.
real use differs from the one sug- sity, Dr. W. H. P. Faunce, in an 2. The introduction
gested—consider why railway loca- address to the New England High 3. The salutation.
tions are not the same, etc. Note School Teachers' Association, said: 4. The
body of the letter.
changes and improvements desir- " I had one of the largest employers 5. The
complimentary close.
able. in New England in my office the .\s business custom has for its con-

The value of this work is great, as other day who said that he had a venience adopted a particular man-
it trains the mind to recognize the number of young men in his employ ner of arranging and spacing these
actual fitness of a region for use and and he dared not let them send out various parts, the student should be
shows the way it mav be brought to a letter from the office without him- given model forms of recognized
its highest productive capacity.' The selflooking it over carefully first." standard and required to follow them
work of (a) should be done More the The foregoing quotations are given in all his work in letter writing.
products are studied. The work of because they serve as an excellent The heading consists of the full
(b) aftei- this study. Points like the introduction to the discussion of the address of the person writing the
subject of Commercial Correspon- letter, together with the date on
following should be noted and ex-
plained: dence. They touch upon it from two which it is written. It is very im-
Why is it unwise for the farmer in points of view. In the response of portant that these two items should
Florida to devote his whole farm to the editor of the magazine, the tech- be embodied in every letter. The
raising oranges, and why should he nique of letter writing, that is, the address is important for various
raise several different crops ? importance of details, is emphasized. reasons first, because it tells the
;

In the remarks of Dr. Davidson and recipient of the letter where to send
Why is Birmingham, Ala., a great his reply, and, second, should the
iron and steel centre ? What ad- Dr. Faunce, the composition of letter
writing, that is, the importance of letter for any reason be lost or sent
vantages do cotton mills in the South
being able to express one's self by to the dead-letter office it instructs
have over those in the North, and
what are the objections ? letter correctly, tersely, and cour- the finder or postal authorities where
teously, is emphasized. to return it. Even in writing to a
The general subject of production
should be discussed in a lesson be- It should be unnecessary to dwell regular correspondent the full ad-
fore the separate subjects are studied upon the importance of the subject dress should always be given. It

by the class. of Commercial Correspondence, and might be taken for granted that a
BOOKS. of the advantages to every young regular correspondent should know
man and woman of having an intel- the address. But in letter writing it
All persons interested should get ligent understanding of the various is unwise to take things for granted.
from .7. O. Crissy, Regent's Office, phases of letter writing and of being Even in social correspondence a
Albany, N. Y., price 20 cents, the able to write a creditable business lettershould always have somewhere
Monograph on "Commercial Educa- letter whenever required. I venture on the address of the sender.
it
tion in High Schools," which is the to believe, however, that it is not Once a neat card embossed on the
let
report of the Committee of Nine of the overstepping the bounds of conserv- envelope together with a monogram
National Educational Association, ative expression to say that the sub- or heraldic device become "good
and is for the moment the latest ject is ignored entirely by some busi- form" with our society people, as it
authority upon the subject, ness schools is passed over in a
; js the rule with English upper and
 .^^3Bud/neU^iSfUuu^fr* ^
middle classes, and many a letter
misdirected will be returned quickly
to its owner, and many a social
squabble will be avoided.
Department of business Practice,
The date should be written as a J. M. DAVIS, Heald's Business Colleee.
part of the heading. The date should
never be omitted in a business letter, SAN Francisco, California.
for often it may become a matter of
considerable importance both as to
the interpretation of the contents of on another, 30 boxes on another, 25
ebecks on tbc Olork of tbe Offices. ;

the letter and as to its authenticity. boxes and none on any of the other
;

The introduction of the letter con- invoices, on the proof of sales bill the
In the system of business practice officers would write 105 boxes opposite
sists of the name of the person to
in use in the department which I "Apples". When all the kinds of
whom the letter is written and his superintend, the transactions are limi-
address. These items should always merchandise have been treated as
ted neither in number nor as to values above, the computations are made
be included in a letter for they serve exchanged, therefore there cannot be and amounts carried out. It will be
as conclusive identification of the pre-arranged results which the offices seen at once that the amount of this
person addressed. Although in are required to produce. I have tried, proof of sales bill ought just to equal
Pearce vs. Gardner, 1897, 1 Q. B. 888, however, to perfect my checks on the the sum of the several invoices. If it
it was held that a letter which begins
work of both the individual students does not, the officers examine the in-
in the business exchange and of the voices and the proof of sales bill until
"Sir," and does not contain the
students in the offices, so that I could the error is found and then make the
name of the person to whom it is require the work to be done in a busi-
addressed, may, nevertheless, satisfy correction.
ness-like way, which comprehends, of After the proof of sales is completed,
the Statute of Frauds, if the letter is course, dispatch, quality, and ac- the officers present to a teacher the
shown by evidence to have been con- curacy. It has been my purpose to invoices and the shipping receipts or
tained in an envelope on which the prevent poor work rather than to bills of lading which are inspected as
name appears — envelope and letter, overcome its bad effects, not by so to form and appearance, and as to
for this purpose, being regarded as close a supervision that the students their agreement with the orders,
one document —yet it is obvious that are unable to exercise their judgment which are also presented, in re-
the identification is much simpler nor to become self-reliant, but Dy re- gard to terms, shipping directions,
and more certain if the name and quiring that the errors, if any, in each etc.
address of the addressee are written completed step of the work should be As soon as the work above has been
as a part of the letter. corrected before anything is done on approved, the officers make entries
The salutation follows the intro- the next step. for the invoices. What these entries
duction. The style of this will, of In this article I am to confine my- aie or how they should be made is not
course, be varied, depending upon self to checks on the work of the offi-
within the scope of this article. Then
the nature of the correspondence and ces only and shall present the checks a list is made of the day's sales, giv-
upon the degree of intimacy existing for each kind of office separately. The ing the purchasers' names, the terms
between the parties. Such forms as business of the offices comes from and the amounts of the several
"Sir:" "Dear Sir:" "My dear students working independently on invoices. A "Daily Journal", or
Sir:" " Dear Sirs " "Gentlemen:"
: sets of transactions which call for " Diary", a cheap book which can be
"Dear Madam:" are in general use. dealings directly with the offices, and had everywhere, containing headings
Then follows the body of the letter. for dealings with each other which for each business day of the year,
This contains the discussion of the indirectly affect the offices and also
;
and from ten to twenty-five writing
subject matter, and will be treated at from dealings with offices and stu- spaces to each heading, is about the
length hereafter under the Compo- dents in other schools. While I have best thing for the above list of sales,
sition of the Letter. two commission offices, two whole- for it is possible to refer back to any
The letter
is completed by the sale offices, and three banks so as to
day's work. The officers then receive
writer's appending his signature, but accommodate a large number of stu- payments for all bills except those
courtesy and custom require that be- dents and facilitate the handling of sold on account, and present them
fore the signature there should be a business, for the sake of clearness, I and the Daily Journal to a teacher for
complimentary close: " Yourstruly," shall refer to one only of each kind. inspection as to discounts and the
"Yours very truly," "Very truly A frequent inspection of the books proper making of the notes, checks,
yours," "Yours respectfully," etc., in the offices by a teacher is absolutely
etc., received in payment. Those in-
are forms in general use. necessary to insure good methods in voices sold on account with a stated
A signature may be written or making the entries, neatness, and an term of credit are entered in the Daily
stamped. In fact any written eiji- orderly arrangement of papers kept Journal under the dates of their ma-
blem whereby a party signifies his in the files, and this point will not be
turities. In this way payments must
intention to be bound will, in law, mentioned further in this article. be made at the proper times and there
constitute a signature. Where an THE WHOLESALE OFFICE. is no opportunity for either the in-
indorsement was made, with a lead dividual student or the officers to vary
pencil, and in figures, thus, " 1. 2. The daily routine in this office is as
8." no name being written, the en- the terms of the transaction as called
follows : The orders which have been for by the business practice manual.
dorS'T was bound notwithstanding received during the day and which made
the fact that he could write. The
The entries are for the pay-
have been inspected by a teacher, are ments received, are posted, and a
position of the signature is immater- turned over to the office in the after- trialbalance is taken, which, with a
ial. It is desirable, however, that in noon to be prepared for the next day. proof of cash and bills receivable, is
these details custom be followed. The students in the offices, or officers, presented to the teacher daily for in-
The signature, therefore, should be make out the invoices and before pre- spection and by him placed on file.
appended on the line below the com- senting them for inspection, fill out a I have a "Daily Trial Balance and
plimentary close, which should be on proof of sales, which is a bill having Proof Sheet " specially ruled and
the line below the last line of the all kinds of merchandise in use in the
printed for the above. It has a print-
letter. It is bad practice, which I department and their prices printed ed heading containing blanks for the
find is frequent with students, to (mimeographed) and having blanks name of the office and the date; two
have nothing but the complimentary for quantities and amounts. This
close and signature on a separate
columns each for the names and
out by placing opposite
bill is filled
amounts of the trial balance and at
sheet of paper. The writer of a letter each kind of merchandise the total of the bottom an arrangement for proofs
;

should always space his writing so the quantities of that kind of mer- of receivable,
bills bills payable,
as to carry a few lines to another chandise appearing on the several
page if otherwise one page is so mortgages receivable, and cash, and
invoices. For example, take apples a space for the officers' signatures.
crowded as to prevent the adding of as being the first on the list if on :

^ complimentary close and signature. one invoice there were .50 boxes sold ;
{Continued on page 27 .)
 f^^fS^Ui^/n^d^^^ciUu^i/^ ^
i'i>iio.viiig aic tliree problems, which
[p nre offered as models to lie dictated to a
class for solution. The lcach;.r should
DEPARTMENT OF insist that the foregoing formulie be ad-
hered to, as suggested by the small type
in the problems below.
Practical ITlatt^ematics .Ifter dictating the first, second, and
W. E. WHITE, third columns, have the student draw a
vertical line at the right to separate dol-
GEM CITY Business College, Quincy, III.
lars from cents. Now require the com-

IL ^m^f^^wm^. _^ putations to be
ble and the grand total found.
made

cancellation principle wherever possible.

as quickly as possi-
Use the

Ill Interest Work Time In years

563
FOR RAPID CALCULATION CLASSES. $ 563 (7(^ 6 Z yr. !>;;»
i
X 2
= 6756 3 =
In the previous lessons on addition and contractions in mul- I 347.
tiplication the student has familiarized himself with a number 347 (n' 5 '/( for 2.3 yr. IX. 05
1X2.3^
3991 d
of useful expedients that will be an aid in all subsequent com-
putations, if put into use wherever applicable. In the present I
298

lesson, I desire to develop the subject of interest and to present 298 ^'' 3 % for 1.5 yr. |x.03
13J41 ||
a'
some of the more practical abbreviated methods for computing
I

the same. Abbreviated methods should not be introduced un- 1427 ("«'
8 or .4yr. 45166
'l< I;
til the subject of interest has been very carefully analyzed, and I a-c

each member of the cla^s is capable of computing without the

use of abbreviations. 1341 ^' 9 % 1.7 yr. 205|l7 si
Interest is the product of three factors: principal, rate, and
time in years, and when the tim^ is in years no shorter method 763 Ca< 6 % 2.6 yr. 119|o3 li
for finding the result can be employed. It is only when the
time is in fractional years that abbreviated methods are of any
value. 287 r» 7 % .9yr. IX. 07 1808 i;
EXAMPLES OPERATIONS
438
firinnpat rate rears interest I

1340 at 6;/. for 4 years f540 X .06 X 4 |81.60 = 438 ^' 4i% 5.1yr. IX.W5
l> 5 .1
10o!52 3:
$278 at 5% for 3 yr. 3 mo. |;278 .05 X 3i= S45.175X I
1903
?'
In practical work, the time is more often in fractional }ears 1903 Ca)\l\% for .2yr. 1.^.125
X .2
47158
than in even years; hence it becomes necessarj- to study the sub-
ject of reducing time to convenient fractional parts of a year 656192
quickly and with certainty. Time In months
For ordinary commercial purposes, a year is regarded as con-
sisting of 12 months of 30 days each, or 360 days in a year; hence % 252 Ca) 5 % [or .8 mo. 12 1
og
i84
when the time is in daj-s, the days may be regarded as so many 11272
360ths of a year; but when the time is in months, they are re-
garded as so man>- 12ths of a year. Thus 19 days is -^^ year, and
1272 ® 7 % 1.7 mo. 12! ;07 12'61
5 months is -,% year.
Since there are 30 days in a month, there are 3 days \t\-^ oi a. 840 (a) 9 ^k for 5.1 1110. 121 -.0? 3213 i
month; hence when the days are a multiple of 3, they may be
expressed as tenths of a month in decimal form, thus
= .1 month 12 davs = .4 month 21 davs = .7 month
156 (a'\0 'k 6.4 mo. 12 j

\_bA_
.w = 8J32 _,„^
3 davs
= .2 month
6 davs 15 days = .5 month 24 days = .8 month 15664
days = J month 18 days = .6 month 27 days = .9 month
9 5664 ra. 6 "k 3.6 mo. c^lll
hence 6 days may be considered year, -^
and 4 months 9 days 12J3» 101J95
'"276^
may be considered rlr year.
Since there are 360 days in a year, there are 36 days in -[V of a
276 (Si 5 % 2.1 mo. 121 05 2 42 s:iii
year; hence if the time is a multiple of 36 days, it may be writ-
ten as tenths of a rear decimallv, thus 984 (a^
3i% for .9 mo. 2|58 j=|||5
Imo. 6da. 36da.)= .1 vr.
( 6 mo. (180 da.)= .5 yr.
2mo. 12da. 7?da.)= .2 vr.
( 7 mo. 6 da. (216 da.) = .6 yr. I
744
3 mo. 18 da. (108 da.)= .3 yr. 8 mo. 12 da. (252 da.)= .7 yi^
9 mo. 18 da. (288 da.)= .8 yr.
744 d" 1\% .5 mo. 12 .075
2I33 N'iil
4 mo. 24 da. (144 da,)= .4 yr. 3
10 mo. 24 da. (324 da.)= .9 yr.
as-
hence when the time appears as above, the interest is found by
163|18
multiplvingthe principal, rate, and years together, thus Time in days
8%
J342 at 7Vr for 2 mo. 12 da. is
$219 at d'/i for 3 yr. 4 mo, 24 da. is
|342X.07X .2=^4.79
|219X.06X3.4=f44.68 $ 896 ra. 9 % for 73 da. 360
I

I .09
73
= 16 35 4""l-'(i
I

?(Ji)""|.()'.l
may "1
From the above, it is clear that the time be expressed in
153 (« 8 % for 25 da. 360
153
.08 =
three wavs: |85
Jff
—
All years In which case multiply the Principal
345 («'10 % for 34 da. 3 26
principal, rate, and years together, point- X ^„^_._
ing off as many decimal places as there Rate =Int.
are in the three factors. The product is X 1296 ra* 4 % 19 da. |||-g|
the required interest. Years 2J74

—
All months In which case multiply the Principal 396 fS 5 % for 26 da.
1J43
i==-||
principal, rate, and months together and
divide by 12, pointing off as many decimal
places as there are in all the factors. The
Rate
X
=
384 (&> 6 % for 43 da. 360 I .(X) = 2j/5 a^? = 3-

product is the required interest. Months

—
In which case multiply the
192 (a) 4h% for 74 da. 360 1 .(M5 =
All days Principal
principal, rate, and days together and di- X
vide by 360, pointing off as many decimal 360 Rate =Int. 1168 (a) 2i% for 63 da. 5I11 Plis
Dlaces as there are in all the factors. The X
product is the required interest. Days 34127
 f^^^u^/ii^U^&^i^iifr* ^
It is now proper to discuss special methods for some of the The following table shows a very valuable short-cut for com-
more standard A\Tien the time is in months and the rate
rates. puting interest at a number 6i standard rates for common- periods
is 6'>, the rate will always, cancel
2%, 3%, 4 ft, or of time, expressed in da\'s:
.0?);2(6»»
into the 12 of the standard formula, giving results
as shown in the margin. Cut off Cut off 1 Cut off 2 Cut off 3
.W);?(3«° To compute at these rates, Multiply the principal Days forany Days for any Days for any
.0,6);2(2»''
by the months and divide the product by the number
% Days principal to principal to principal to
*
,1 itself earn .01 itself earn .OOliUelf
of times the rate is contained in 12. Cancel when possible. _
)360=
'

.02 18000 1800 180 18

Solve the following list conformably to the above rule:
.03 )360= 12000 1200 120 12
$ 328 Z% 3 mo. Il64 .04 )360= 9000 900 90 9
297 3% 4.4 mo. 3|27 .04^)360= 8000 800 80 8
1947 4% 5.8 mo. 37164 .05 )360= 7200 720 72
792 6% 12.3 mo. 48171 .06 )360= 6000 600 60 6
294 4% 3rr. 9 mo. 12 da.
2 32173 .08 )360= 4500 450 45
1584 3% 9mo. 15 da. -1^54 37162
9 S .09 )360= 4000 400 40 4
168 2% 18.9 mo. 5 129 .10 )360= 3600 360
2486 6% 5yr. 4 mo. 18 da.
- 24l_8-9
5ff
802[98
36
64.
-- rsjF"?^
.12 )360= 3000 300 30 3
325.26 4% 5.3 mo. 5175 Hence for the Hence for the Hence for the Hence for the
I I

578.15 6% 2 mo. 24 da. 8|09

times and f's times and *'s times and t's times and *'s
shown above, |shown above. [shown above, shown above,
983172 the interest is the interest is the interest is
1 1 the interest is
the same aslthe principallthe principal Ithe principal
02 )?80=18'""' 'When the time is in davs and the rate isZ%, the principal iwith 1 place with 2 places with 3 places
3%,3f%,4%,4i% 5%,6^^,7i%,8%,9%,10%, cut off
i
lout off lent off
0? )3,6t)=12'"'°
031)300=1''""" 12%, or any other rate which is a divisor of 360,
f 6 da. = $2,378
0^ )30y= 9""°
0^^)300= 8"""
the
360
number
of times the rate is contained in
used on the divisor side of the fommla, Thus, $2378 6% 60 da. = $23.78
0^ )300= 72"°
is
^s shown iu the margin.
at for
600 da. = $237.8
00 )300= 6""" To compute with these rates. Multiply the L 6000 da. = $2378.
07^)360= 48°" principal by the days and divide the product bv Observe that for the times given in the table no computation
0^ )360= 45"" thenumberof times the rate is contained in 360. is necessary',but interest is obtained by simph' moving the dec-
09 )380:= 4""" Cancel when possible. imal point 1, 2, or 3 places to the left; there being as many dol-
^^'^ small ciphers at the right of these quotients are
10 )360= 36"" lars, dimes, cents, or mills as there are dollars in the principal.
omitted in practice, but they indicate thenumberof
T9 v?firi
^/ ^pPy — oaooo decimal places to point off in addition to those already Apply the foregoing table to the solution of the following list
in the principal. of interest problems:
Solve the following list conformably to the above rule: principal fate days interest

$ 324 % 324 6% common

2 37 da. 37 167 $ 278 6 60 2|78 Since is a very
896 3 % 24 da. 24 1179 1947 3 12 1|947* rate of interest, and 60 days is
also a convenient and usual pe-
724 43 7J4 1624
3f% da. 3|11 2 180 16|24 rioi of time, the "vSixtv-Day
1944 4 % 29 da. 1744
29 6 26 3284 4 90 32184 Six Per Cent Method," which
1384 4i% 86 da. 1^H4 14 88 127 4* 800 is included in the foregoing ta-
86 12|7
4968 5 % 75 da. 4758 94 5 72 ble, is enlarged on in the fol-
75 51|75 194
lowing, aliquots of 60 days be-
2472 6 % 34 da. J47J-
14101 283 8 450 28|3 ing used for other periods of
7^% 18 da. ¥4H8 31183 764 4 9 1764* time and aliquots of 6% for
18
378 8 % 53 da. 5 3 4145 298 9 4 1298* other rates:
927 9 % 91 -da. 72 7 476 12 300 For 60 da. cut off 2 places.
21109 47|6
524 10 % 186 da.
9 1
~dJ4 832 10 36
i of 60 da. int. = 30 da. int.
186 27107
3FT7 5 42133
8132 i of 60 da. int. = 20 da. int.
357.75 12 % 355 da. 355 247 6 6 1247* i of 60 da. int. = 15 da. int.
824.55 6 % 23 da. 3116 632 5 720 63|2 i of 60 da. int. = 12 da. int.
793.27 9 % 57 da. 7¥3 2 -7 11130 847 9 4000 8471 i of 60 da. int. = 10 da. int.
5
1694 3 120 u) of 60 da. int. = 6 da. int.
233170 16|94 -1^ of 60 da. int. ^ 5 da. int.
In the following problems, the student should select- the style 2786 2 18 21786* tV of 60 da. int. = 4 da. int.
of solution best suited to the time and rate: 4328 5 7200 4328 2V of 60 da. int. = 3 da. int.
% 2 yr. 5 mo. 27 da. 328x29.9*2" 6347 8 45 63147 3^ of 60 da. int. = 2 da. int.
$328 6 49i04 Vu of 60 da. int. = 1 da. int.
165 7 %
63 da. i65x.07>-2.i-^i2 2l02 5474138 Combinations of the above
945 8 %
5 mo. 22 da. 945xi72*45»° 36112 re into another
are made for other periods of
time; thus, for 93 days, add 60,
3484 2i%5.4yr. 3484x.02sx5.4 470134 30, and 3 days' interest.
859.50 5i%3mo. lOda. ssg.sox .055^100+360 13|13 To compute at other rates, find the interest first at 6'f then
9 % 5 yr. 4 mo. 12 da. i9i.i5x.09xm.4+i2
,

191.15 92|33 forl% take^; for 2% take i; for 3^ take i; for 4 ? subtract j;
576 4 % 47 da. 576X47+9"«» 3l01 for 5?(r subtract ^; for 7^ add i; etc.
259.56 5%
29 mo. 2S9.55x.05X29+i2 31136 Compute the interest on $3747 for 93 days at 8% also
%
;

268 10 6 yr. 4 mo. 12 da. 268x.wx76.4h-i2 170163 on $4347.85 for 37 days at 7^%.
278.40 11 %
4 mo. 24 da. 2T8.4ax.11x
2T8.4aX.llX .4 12125 SOLUTION SOLUTION-
182 12 %
7 mo. 6 da. i82X7.2*i"»
182X7.2-M"'' 13|10 )$37147 = int. 60 da. ')$43i47.85
1948.13 13 %
1 yr. 8 mo. 12 da, 19»8.13X.13V20.4+12 430154 181735 =int. 30 da. «)21I73 925
1734.87 12i% 3 vr. 4.8 mo. 173».87X.12S 40.8*12 737132 118735 = int. J^da. «) 4|34 785
842.25 6i% 3 mo. 18 da. 15l79
»»2.2S .0b25- .3 ') 5810785= int.- 93 da. 6% _!72 464+-
2370.98 6 % 2yr. 5.1| mo. 2370.98-29.15*2°" 345 '77 1913595 = int. 93 da._2_%
8341.20 5i% 4 yr. 108 da. ')$26|8ri74=37da.
231.60
&541.20<.055-4.3
7 % 1 yr. 4 mo. 24 da. j3i60xo' 16.8*12
1972169
22170
$7714380 = int. 93 da. 8% 617^293 +
85.75 61% 7 vr. 8.0i mo 85.75X.06rA92.0i*12 43|84 $33151 467 ^700
1422.35 4 % 495 da. 1422.35X495^9°°° 7812 3
The above illustrations are offered as models for conip-.iting -

interest by the 60-da>- rule; a list of problems should be given

to
4540121 the class, as suggested in other methods.
 ^^^^ud/h^d4^^(/iu¥ijfir* ^
The exchange of commodities by bar-
ter is subject to great fluctuations of
f^ exchange values. The medium that
is constant in value affords greater
DEPARTMENT OF and safer opportunities for exchange.
The two greatest mediums so far dis-
covered to facilitate exchange, are
(Eommcrctal £atr> money and credit.
H 'hat is Money f — Money is
the com-
mon denominator of values. It is
the one element with which the value
W. H. WHIGAM, Chicago of other commodities may be com-
pared and measured. It may be
further defined as "any material that
tl by agreement serves as a common
medium of exchange and measure of
Editoriai, Note.— Mr. Whigam is a graduate of Ada (Ohio) Normal University, Scientific value in trade." Gold and silver,
Course, having been granted the degree N. S. He is also a graduate of both the Kent because of great stability in value,
College of Law and the Chicago Law School. From the latter he received the degree LL- have been selected as the best circu-
M., and for seven years he has taught Contracts, Bills and Notes in tlie evening classes of
this school. Mr. Whigarn's preparation for this special line of work was made by reading lating medium of exchange.
law for two years in a law office and passing the State Bar Examination, while he had What is Credit:' — Since the money
charge of the Business and Office Practice Department of the Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Busi- of a country actively engaged in com-
ness College. Most of our readers will know that Mr. Whigam went from Cedar Kapids to
Chicago in 1891 to take charge of the Counting House Department of the Bryant and Strat- merce is generally greatly inadequate
ton Business College, and that a few years later he took charge of a similar department in when compared with the volume of
the Metropolitan Business College, of that city, developing it until it has become probably business done, credit comes to the
the most highly specialized department of the kind in the world.
This series of articles on Commercial Law will therefore have especial value to commer- aid of money and assists in the ex-
cial teachers because the training and experience of the law student and teacher is aided change of goods. Credit is based on
by an intimate familiarity with schoolroom conditions in handling that phase of commer- confidence, and in giving credit to
cial school work which more directly than anvother gives concrete effect to the principles
of the law. The articles will not attempt a discussion of methods of teaching but will the buyer several forms of credit
cover the ground of "Notes and Bills" in outline. The original features which will com- promises are given; as, for example,
mand the especial attention of teachers will first appear in the October installment. notes, drafts, checks, and oral prom-
ises, which are spoken of as buying
Prefatory Comment. edge of law is acquired by the busi-
ness man for its protective features. or selling on account. In the case of
The commercial law teacher is not the promissory note, the confidence
The authorof these articles on Com- of the seller is extended to the buyer,
mercial Law is not attempting to expected to g'ive instructions relating
present an authoritative treatise on to the law of the attorney in the court who gives his note payable at a cer-
room, or in fact anything that relates tain time in the future. The seller
the subject of Notes and Bills, but
rather those salient points with which to prastice and procedure. His guide may in turn discount the note at the
should be the standard of the Chinese bank. Both parties are thereby ac-
the average high or commercial commodated, the buyer gets time for
school boy should have a working physician, who is said to be paid a
regular fee so long as his patients payment, the seller gets the money
knowledge. A knowledge of the sub-
are in good health, the fee to cease or credit with the banker, and the
ject of Notes and Bills is one of un-
doubted value to the average busi- during sickness. Thus the physician banker receives the discount for his
is interested in health and prosperity services.
ness man. Its importance can hardly
be over-estimated. It so permeates rather than in sickness, for the former The use of the draft may be illus-
the activities of commerce that its brings fees and happiness; the latter, trated by the following: A western
points of radiation are not readily work and fear, as the heathen Chinese merchant ships wheat to the East for
comprehended. Hardly a day passes have efficacious laws, a punishment — sale, and buys a bill of goods from
in the counting-house but that some to fit the crime. some eastern manufacturer. With-
legal question is raised relative to The teacher of commercial law out the aid of the draft, the money
notes, drafts, and checks. should have within his reach a copy would be sent West to settle the first
Banks sale and would immediately be sent
employ commercial lawyers who are of the State Statutes, or Code, fxjr
reference, for many States have some east in satisfaction of the eastern
available at all times during business
peculiar requirement which must be purchase. Loss of the ^lse of the
hours, and it is their business to pro-
tect the bank. The average business adhered to even though an idiosyn- money, loss of time, and risk in send-
ing the money would be the result.
or professional man must be able to crasy.
The several states are fast adopt- Instead of doing this, the western
protect himself, and it is to the young
man, the embryonic business man, ing the Negotiable Paper Act, and merchant draws a draft on the grain
that we are addressing ourselves. thus absolute uniformity should re- account in the East and sends it to
the manufacturer, who collects the
The questions raised in connection sult.
money from the eastern grain dealer.
with notes and bills are transient notes and Bills.
ones; little time is afforded one for Introduction
These various papers are called com-
mercial or negotiable papers.
decision; one must act at once, and What is Money? Assignability —'T\n's> is a right rec-
the old saw is applicable: "An ounce What is Credit?
ognized by the common law; it is the
of prevention is worth a pound of Negotiability
right to transfer or assign a right
cure." Be prepared to answer these Assignability
or claim held against another. For
questions correctly.
The province of commercial law is WHAT ARE NEGOTIABLE PAPERS ? example A sells certain chattels to
:

hygienic rather than remedial. The Introduction —

Commodities raised B for $100, for which B is to pay A in
30 days. First, this is a contract
student must be taught to appreciate or produced in one community are in
partly executed. The paj-ment re-
the importance of a correct knowl- part exchanged for different commo- to complete the contract. The
edge of the ordinary rules and prin- dities raised or produced in other
mains
law recognizes A's claim as a chose
ciples applicable to daily business communities. The producer of grain
in action; it is a right that may be
transactions. He should know these desires machinery, articles of cloth-
things not only that he mav protect disposed of by sale or assignment.
ing, and a reserve for a possible fail-
himself in his rights, but also that he ure of crops. The manufacturer de-
A sells this claim against B to C for
a certain sum. C acquires only the
may be restrained from trying to en- sires to exchange his product for food
rights possessed by A at the time of
force what does not come within the and clothing and a reserve. The ex- the sale. C should now notify B of
province of his rights. changing of one commodity for an- his acquired rights and direct him
It is the province of the commercial other is called barter. Trade by to pay to him, C, the amount when
law teacher to instill into the minds means of barter is unsatisfactory for due. C has protected his rights
of his pupils a keen appreciation of many reasons. It is cumbersome, which we will now examine. Suppose
the relationship of the law to the or- difficult to adjust as to value, and
that at the time A sold this claim, B
dinary affairs of life. It is truly to does not offer the best opportunity
be considered as a shield. A knowl- to store and keep for subsequent use. Cotitiniied on page 27)
(
 t^i^^^u^/n^d^i^dfu^a/fr* ^
eomiti«rcial education at tbc morld's Fair
;)
Jit tbe n. E. n. eonvention. tional Building was then given by the views of any single member, and
C. C. Marshall. they had stated plainly in their pre-
In a big pine box elevated midway Mr. Marshall was followed by ex- liminary report that local conditions
between the floor and the roof of the tempore remarks of a general nature would certainly compel the adapta-
Mines and Metallurgy Building, about by Robert C. Spencer, Mrs. Sara A. tion of the course rather than its un-
fifty persons gathered at 2:30 Tues- Spencer, Washington, D. C, Supt. modified acceptance. Chairman
day afternoon, June 28, to hear the P. R. Walker, Rockford, 111., and Springer urged the Department to
program prepared for the Department others. G. W. Brown was then receive the report and discharge the
of Business Education. Actual-busi- asked to explain the nature of his Committee, and this was done.
ness-from-the-start was illustrated in active commercial school exhibit, It would be unprofitable to cover'
an active exhibit of mining machinery which he did in a, most interesting the ground of the criticisms of the
near b)', and its music, with varia- manner, inviting the members to speakers — though it is true that they
tions by other giant noises, competed visit his exhibit at any time. Many found features to commend — for
with the speakers for attention. The of them did so with gfreat interest practically the whole field has been
temperature was very agreeable, and profit. covered in these columns, in much
however. Miss Minnie Bronson, of the De- the same vein, during the past year.
Dr. Cheesman A. Herrick, of the partment of Education of the Expo- The Report, by which most persons
Philadelphia Central High School, sition, then gave a most instructive, understand the suggested course of
presided. His address, "Old Wine forceful, and able address in regard study, is published by the University
in New Bottles," showed that in our to what might be learned from the of the State of New York, Albany, as
boasted progress we are but repeat- Exposition by teachers. In common Bulletin K23, and it can be had for
ing history; that our loose-leaf with President Francis, in his re- twenty cents. It is in the form of a
ledgers are merely modernized Baby- marks at the opening of the general Monograph on Commercial Educa-
lonian clay tablets that monopolies
; sessions of the Convention, she tion in High Schools, containing out-
have existed since time out of mem- emphasized the point that education lines on .\rithmetic, by Prof. Thurs-
ory ;that the Sherman Anti-Trust was the keynote of everything at the ton of Washington, D. C. on Com-
;

Law was really originated in the time Fair. Certainly one could not over- mercial Geography, by Prof. Carpen-
of King James the First of England, state the importance to commercial ter, of Boston; on the technical com-
from whom we have the Authorized teachers in particular of a visit to mercial subjects, by Mr. Rowe, of
Version of the Bible; that Zeno, the this wonderful Exposition. Baltimore; on English, by Mr.
Prefect of Constantinople, issued, in Dr. W. P. Wilson, of the Philadel- Crissy, of Albany; on History and
483 A. D., a message against Trust phia Commercial Museums, was to Economics, by Dr. Herrick, cf Phila-
abuses that fairly out-Roosevelts our have given an address, but he was delphia besides a compilation of
;

strenuous President. Dr. Herrick unable to be present. He is respon- special articles more or less closely
showed that even Shakespeare wan- sible for the remarkable Philippine related to the subject and written at
dered freely among the literary Exhibit that the Government is mak- various times by notable persons.
g:ardens of 'other lands and other ing at the Exposition, and his time At the business meeting, Wm. C.
times, plucking here a leaf and there is fully occupied. Stevenson, of James Milliken Uni-
a blossom, from which he constructed On Thursday afternoon a reason- versitv, Decatur, 111., was chosen
the verbal garlands of beauty that we ably good-sized audience (perhaps president. Vice President H. B.
praise as original he declared that
;
75J was called to order by Vice Presi- Brown was re-elected vice president,
in music and architecture, we bow to dent H. B. Brown, Valparaiso (Ind.) and John Alfred White, Moline, 111.,
the genius of other days that even ; College, President Herrick having was made Secretary. It is thought
the classic legends of antiquity are left for Philadelphia. The entire that the next meeting will be held in
susceptible of a commercial interpre- session was devoted to the business Asbury Park, N. J., but this is a mat-
tation. In closing this most inter- of tearing to tatters the proposed ter that is settled by a Board of
esting and instructive historical re- commercial course got out by a few Managers, not by the individual
view. Dr. Herrick said : members of the Committee of Nine. members of the N'. E. A. After the
"What has preceded in this paper J. J. Sheppard, Principal of the New usual routine of committee reports,
can but add emphasis to its closing York High School of Commerce etc., the meeting adjourned.
statements — the new in our system B. D. Parker, Principal of the Rock-
of education should include much ford (111.) High School; and J. R.
IN THE EDUC.\TION.\L BUILDING
that has been long established; and Bishop, Principal of the ^Valnut Hills We went religiously about from
the so-called old finds new interest High School, Cincinnati, Ohio, turned various State headquarters, where in
and added value from having regard their heavy ordnance against the general there was a painful exhibit
for present interest and life. Thus work of the Committee and against of vertical penmanship, with a little
the new education and the old educa- each other until, when the verbal bookkeeping or shorthand suggesting
tion tend to come together. There batteries were silenced, the air was that somebody had tried to " bake a
is, I am happy to believe, much less full of dust and debris and the pie," to the private office of genial
of difference than is commonly sup- mangled "remainders" of the Com- Doctor Bohlsen, the learned Director
posed between what has been termed mitteemen lay scattered about. Per- of the splendid German Exhibit. We
" cultural education " and the educa- sonally, we believe the Committee's made many notes of our lightning-
tion for which this department report' deserved the most of what it like judgment as to the appearance
stands. We are, after all, dealing got, for, as we have stated editorially of work from various States, but,
with the same fundamental problems, during the past year, the proposed now that it is all over, we think
and, as it would be lamentable for course is in many respects simply we will play the part of " Golden
those promoting commercial educa- ridiculous; but, as Chairman D. W. Rule Jones" for a brief space,
tion to cut themselves off from the Springer remarked when he rose to because it occurs to us that we
influences of culture, so those foster- pronounce the benediction, the speak- should not care to have our work
ing cultural education will find their ers of the afternoon had demonstrated held up to public view by a peripa-
task easier and more effective by in- the impossibility of finding even tetic pedagogue making snap shots,
creased regard for the conditions and three men — not to mention nine — " with tired legs and jaded senses " ;

requirements of the time in which we who could agree on subjects, time, or especially when we recall the con-
live. Much of the Wine of our his- arrangement (and he might have ditions under which we should have
toric culture can and should- be added, " or purpose") for a model labored in preparing such work if we
handed on in the new bottles of eco- commercial course. The Conmiittee had not providentially escaped the
nomic thought and life." had outlined a suggestive course, as affliction. We shall therefore say
A brief off-hand talk in regard to their instructions required. They that, while we were unable to visit
what might be seen in the Educa- had recognized that it did not meet all of the State exhibits, we did go
 *^^^u^neiU^<u^f/iu^U^ ^
through about fifteen, and, though tion at the typewriter, rapid calcu- of Education, while the commercial
therewas more or less that was com- lation, business writing, and billing schools are under the direction of the
mendable in the little commercial that it has ever been our good fortune Ministry of Commerce, and therefore
work on exhibition, it would prob- to witness —and it was bona fide, too. a Departmental appropriation would
ably be fair to say that Boston (Pro- No "pies" here, though of course have been required. Furthermore,
fessor Carpenter's work in particu- the student class was the cream from Dr. Bohlsen explained that the space
lar) and Kansas are entitled to the Mr. Brown's chain of business allotted to them was painfully
blue ribbon for public school com- schools. cramped even for what they tried to
mercial work so far as it can be seen Mr. Brown has a regular vaudeville illustrate in what seemed to him a
at the Exposition. The county high program, which he covers in eighteen most fragmentary manner. It must
schools of Kansas are certainly minutes and repeats throughout the be remembered, however, that what-
enterprising. hours he exhi'oits — from ten until ever Germany "takes hold of with
The private commercial schools of three-thirty, we believe. D. G. her fingers" she does thoroughly,
our land have gone into eclipse so Boleyn, of Peoria, and Mrs. Ina B. and so what to Herr Bohlsen is but
far as the Exposition is concerned, Allison, one of Mr. Brown's efficient fractional and unsatisfactory seems
with one brilliant exception. G. W. shorthand teachers, are in charge of to us quite complete.
Brown, of the Brown Business Col- about a dozen younjj persons who are France has some interesting sta-
lege Company, Illinois, Iowa, and brought to St. Louis and maintain- tistical exhibits in her own building,
Indiana (and Missouri soon, too, it is ed there at Mr. Brown's expense. touching on the subject of commer-
rumored), has the only exhibit that Charles Middendorf, the celebrated cial education, and some of the other
most people will spend time in ex- expert typewriter operator, and Ray- foreign buildings may also be thus
amining, chiefly because of the mond P. Kelley.the well-known rapid represented. We were unable to visit
"muchness" of the exhibits in gen- writer of Gregg shorthand, make a all of these buildings.
eral and the " liveness " of Mr. regular part of Mr. Brown's demon-
Brown's demonstrations. It is true strations, though they work alone,
that some of this aggressive mana- not as a part of the student class Commercial Education at Cbe lUorld's
ger's competitors affect surprise, and, work. The results are all remark- Fair.
with elevated brows, and the assump- able,and the whole exhibition is in
tion of a lofty, I-am-holier-than-thou every respect worthy of the cause of Uncle Robert Spencer was ubiquitous.
manner, remark, " Why, they say that business education among the pri- We ran across hini cruising about the In-
Brown gets up and "spiels" away vate schools it so far surpasses the
;
side Inn before otlier people had shaken off
just like one of the barkers down on work done by ninety-nine per cent, of tiieir morning slumbers; we noticed liim

the Pike. Wouldn't believe it, would the public schools that no compari- among the last familiar faces we saw,
aboard an automobile to do tiie parks and
you?" Well, we did believe it when sons are possible. The commercial residential districts of St. Louis on Sunday;
we saw it, and we believed that if teacher who visits St. Louis this year and when he misinterpreted a remark of D.
there is a single man in the profes- without seeing this exhibit is to be W. Springer's in convention, he put as much
sion to-day who deserves credit from pitied; and the public school teachers nerve into his response as might iiave l>een
his professional brethren for the and officials who see it are to be expected from his youthful contemporary.
national advertising he is giving rig'ht royally congratulated. They Senator Hoar. We all love L'ncle Robert.
them, it is G. W. Brown. Our read- will get anew light as to what it is May the evening twilight linger long iiefore
tlie shadows fall, is the earnest wish of a
ers know by this time that the writer necessary to do with the technical host of friends.
of this report is not afraid to criticize commercial subjects if they want to
anybody anywhere, and that he has turn out graduates who stand the The welcoming and responding business
exercised his critical powers on Mr. ghost of a show of getting employ- at the opening sessions of the Convention,
Brown when the occasion seemed to ment in competition with such stud- itiFestival Hall, was the apotheosis of the
demand it, but he can be just; and ents as are working' in this exhibit. ridiculous. A friend of one of tlie speakers,
he believes that nothing but un- Jones' Commercial College, of St. when asked what he should speak about,
replied, "About three minutes." It would
stinted praise should be given to the Louis, has a striking exhibit of pen- have l>een a happy thing if the orator had
man who had the enterprise to go manship, with some very creditable followed his friend's advice.
down into his pockets for about work in the other commercial sub-
$20,000 to conduct a creditable repre- jects. S. N. Falder, a well-known State Superintendent Carrington of Mis-
sentation of the actual work of worthy expert penman, is in charge. souri all but •felldown"in sayinghis piece,
American commercial schools, when Soule College, of New Orleans, is having been afflicted apparently with stage
the much-advertised Business Mana- represented in the Louisiana exhibit fright, which chased the sophomoric oration
into the regions of "I forgot."
gers' Association could not get to- by some good photographs. There
gether $500 (we have it on the is no work. President Mclver was the happiest speak-
authority of one of the Committee on The Albany (N. Y.) Business Col- er of the combination. He said he was re-
a Commercial School Exhibit at the lege has some of S. E. Bartow's fine minded of a remark by a manual training
St. Louis Purchase Exposition) for penwork displayed in the New York student in a school he recently visited. As
they were looking at a wagon wheel, the
the same purpose. "But," someone exhibit, we were told, but we unfor- student pointed out that "the longer the
will shriek, "isn't Mr. Brown doing tunately missed this exhibit. spoke, the greater the tire." He thought
it to advertise his schools ? Do you The Spencerian Commercial School, Missouri was just the place for such a meet-
ing because it was neither East nor West,
think he is a philanthropist ? " Why, Cleveland, has some attractive work nor North nor Soutli, but simply "it."
to be sure he is doing it to advertise in an odd booth, along with some
his schools. We do not think he is other miscellaneous schools. If we The comtnercialexhihit of the Providence
within fifty years of senility. What mistake not, it is in the section given English High School, like the Jubilee pres-
ents of Queen Victoria, were so precious
is the Kaiser making so magnificent over to literary institutions. The tliat tliat they were kept under lock and
an exhibit for? Why are the manu- photographs of this school's magnifi- key.
facturers spending tens of thousands cent rooms and equipment are well
of dollars? For the "good of the worth the time of any commercial Convention week opened with a drizzling
rain, which soon reduced tlie dusty roads
order," think you? No, no. The school proprietor. and pathstogravy and mush. The weather
whole stupendous aggregation is a One of the most interesting things was so cool that a spring overcoat was a
prodigious advertisement, and right suggestive of commercial work is a necessity much of the time, truly remark-
able for St. Louis the last of June. Boston,
there is where Mr. Brown has shown marvelous piece of pen drawing by unlike her reputation, gave the N. E. A. not
his calibre. He will win money — in Lyman P. Spencer, in the American only a warm welcome last yearbut literally
enlarged business — as well as im- Book Company's exhibit. A visit to a hot time; St. Louis, to keep up the record
of contrariety, gave us a chilly reception,
perishable fame and if the E.xposi-
; it will well repay anyone who is and I:>y so doing pleased us all mightily.
tion does not turn out a glittering interested in artistic penwork. It is
success financially, it will be for the one of the largest pieces in the world, We were not eligible to attend the meet-
reason that the managers have not and is valued at several thousand ings of the Private School Managers' Asso-
ciation, whicli were held at the Hotel Ep-
Mr. Brown's Taent for profitable pub- dollars. worth,butit did not matter much, for no-
licity. Meanwhile, we should say Germany has no strictly commer- body knew when or where the meetings
that we saw some of the finest work cialschool work in herexhibit, owing %vere to be held, and but little was done,
barring the very excellent report brought
in rapid shorthand writing, type- to the fact that the invitation was in by M. L. Miner, of Brooklyn, on "The
writer transcription, direct dicta- extended especially to the Ministry Future of Private Business .Schools."
 *^^f3^u4/neM/^Au^i/i^ ^
of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., is to be a teacher of be with the Nebraska Business and Short-
-rr-::?^ V
.?^^:;^^7 ,,

commercial subjects in the Winthrop, Mass., hand College, in charge of the shorthand
High School, and supervisor of penmanship work; Theo. Madson, who had charge of the
I he March of in the grades; S. F. Benson, who has been commercial work in the Fresno [Cal.l High
employed in The Temple College, Philadel- School for several years, is organizing anew
the Pedagogues. phia, will teach shorthand in Jacobs Busi- departtnent in the San Jose [Cal.] High
ness Colle£-e, Dayton, Ohio; N. D. Blake, School W. J. Amos, four years special teach-
;

who for three years has been teaching in the er of English and Commercial Geography in
North Troy [Vt.] Academy, is to have charge Peirce School, Philadelphia, has quit preach-
This year has marked a distinct advance of the Vermont Busines College, Burlington ing and has gone to practicing— as first
among commercial teachers everywhere, Vt. C. A. Gruenig, who has charge of the
; assistant in the office of the Philadelphia
both professionally and financially. We be- commercial department of the National Manager of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance
lieve the returns for professional work in Business College, Roanoke, Va., has accept- Co. L. C. Kline, Ottawa, Ohio, has engaged
;

commercial teaching are better now than ed a position with Wood's College, Newark, with the Actual Business College, Akron,
they have ever been in the history of the N. J. Mar3' Harrison, who has been teaching
; Ohio; M. M. Murphy, Axtell, Neb., will be
cause, and teachers in all parts of the forthree years in the shorthand department in charge of the shorthand work in the
country have been moving forward. of the Litchfield [Minn.] Normal and Busi- Butte [Mont.] Business College; W. A. Jar-
We note herewith some of the changes ness College, has been chosen to teach in rett, aformer student of the Parsons [Kan.J
that have been made. H. B. Slater, former- the Mountain State Business College, Park- Business College, will take charge of the
ly with the Albany [N. Y.] Business College, ersburg, W. Va.; Ella Hostetter, formerly commercial teaching there this year; R. W.
goes to the commercial departuient of the teaching in Millersburg, Ind., is to be in the Vaughan, a graduate of the Plymouth
Paterson [N. J.l High School; F. W. Mar- city schools of Goshen. Ind.; M. M. Lain, [Mass.] Business College, will have char>>e
tin, who has been working with E. L.Brown, formerly with the Marion [Ind.] Normal of the commercial department of the Oak-
Rockland, Maine, in the engrossing business College, with a friend is to conduct a school grove Seminary \'assalboro, Me.; John T.
will have charge of penmanship and en- in Indianapolis; L E. Stacy, who has been Yates, of the Jamestown [N. Y.) Business
grossing in the Troy Business College, Troy, teaching in Camden [N. J.J Commercial College, has engaged with the Albany N. Y.] [

New York; Atlee L. Perc5', formerly the College, is to be with the Salem [Mass.] Com- Business College; Fred Ottman. Newark,
principal of the Indiana Business College, mercial School; W. H. Vigus, formerly in the Ohio, has been elected to take charge of the
Marion, Ind., is now in charge of the com- Worcester [Mass.] Business Institute, is to commercial department of the Boys' High
mercial department of the Mansfield [Ohio] teach in Wood's Business College, Newark, School, Reading, Pa.; F. R. Chapman, Fre-
High School; E. O. Folsom. with Gilbert N. J.; C. A. Wessel, who has been teaching mont, Ohio, goes to Coleman National Busi-
Commercial College, Milwaukee, Wis., is to in the commercial department of Ferris In- ness College, Newark, N. J. O. S. Reddick,
;

Troy [N. Y.] Business College, will assist in

be at the head of the commercial department stitute, Big Rapids, Iowa, has purchased an
the advanced work of Banks' Business Col-
of the Fitchburg [Mass.] Business College; interest in Lansing Business University; lege, Philadelphia; C. H. Mumma, of Thibod-
D. S. Hill, who was with Lockyear's Business George Wilkinson, who has taught the past eau's Commercial College, Fa II River, Mass.,
College, Evansville. Ind., and F. M. Booth, year in Simpson College, Indianola, Iowa, is is to have charge of the commercial depart-
of Indiana Business College, Madison, Ind., to be at College Springs, Iowa; J. W. Wol- ment of the Wakefield [Mass High School;
]

are with G. A. Golder in his new school, the las ton, of Lin coin Business College, Lincoln, E. E. Kent, for several years with the Rider-
State Business College, Minneapolis, Minn., Neb., has accepted a position with the York Moore and Stewart Schools, Trenton, N. J.,
has been engaged to teach in the Springfield
the former at the head of the commercial [Neb.] Business College; J. B. Knudson, who
[Mass.]High School; M. F. Pratt, W. C.
department, and the latter at the head of has been teaching in Brown's Business Howey, and J. W. Chamberlain are new
the shorthand department; George G. College, Peoria, 111., is to teach in Burdett teachers in the Union Business College,
Wright, who has been in charge of the com- College, Boston, Mass.; Adam Kalbtleisch, Philadelphia; J. M. Holmes, Bradford [Pa.)
mercial work in Oak Grove Seminary, Vas- formerly with the BayCity [Mich ] Business High School goes to the Canton [Ohio] High
salboro, Me., has gone to Robert College, College, has been engaged by E. M. Turner, School; Miss Carrie H. Jonas, a recent Drex-
Constantinople, to assist the commercial el graduate, has accepted a position as head
of the Spencerian Business School, New-
of the commercial department of the Web-
work there, with I. S. Dwyer, who has been burgh, N. Y L. Broadwater, who has been ster [Mass.] High School; H. E. Watson,
;

in charge of the commercial department of principal of the commercial department of Nevada, Mo., has sold his interest in the
the Wakefield [Mass.] High School for the Tobin College, Ft. Dodge, Iowa, will teach Nevada Business College and will teach for
last two years; J. E. Plummer, formerly next year in the Indianapolis Business J. H. Janson, of the Santa Cruz Cal. Busi-
[ ]

with the Indiana Business College, Muncie, University, Indianapolis, Ind. W. F. Baird,
; ness College; M. W. Cassmore, of Wilson's
Ind., is with A. G. Sine, Mountain State Bus- of the Bartlett Commercial College, Cincin- Modern Business College, Seattle, has gone
iness College, Parkersburg, W.Va. A. T. Sco- Wood's Business College, into the commercial department of the
;
nati, goes to
Seattle High School; G. M. Hawes, assist-
vill, who was teaching in Brown's Business Newark, N.J. S. A. Wood, of Pittsburg, will
;
ant teacher in the Peabody [Mass.] High
College, Galesburg, Ill.,isdoingcomniercial have charge of the commercial department School, has been elected principal of the
work in the Business & Shorthand College of the Holyoke [Mass.] High School, in place commercial department of the Fitchburg
Laticaster, Pa.; R. A. Grant, who has had of Maynard Maxim, who will organize the [Mass.] High School; Miss Katherine Hill,
charge of the Rockford [III.] High School new commercial department in the Newton a recent Ferris Institute graduate, will
since 1899, has been chosen for the commer- [Mass.J High School; A. E. Spaulding, who teach English subjects and assist in book-
cial work new Yeatman High School,
in the has been in Ferris Institute, Big Rapids, keeping in the Sandusky [Ohio] Business
College; A. W. Cooper, Jackson, Minn., goes
St. Louis, Mo. W. J. NcCarty, who has been
; Mich., this year, preparing for commercial to the Camden, [N. J.,) Business College; E.
in Meyersdale, Pa., Commercial College, teaching, is to have charge of the commer- W. Engler, in charge of the commercial
was elected to take charge of the commer- cial department of the Hancock [Mich.] department of 'the English High School,
cial work in St. Thomas College, St. Paul, High School; W. A. Abernathy, of Iowa, will Lynn [Mass.] High School, will be principal
Minn.; W. R. Hayward, of Banks' Business handle Graham shorthand in the American of the commercial department of the Bos-
College, Philadelphia, is to be in the Passa- Business College, Allentown, Pa.; D. C. ton Y. M. C. A. evening school; H. C. Spill-
ic (N. J.l High School; R. W. Ballentine, Deming, Newkirk,Okla., will havechar^feof man, with the Rider-Moore and Stewart
Schools last year, follows R. A. Grant in the
formerly with The Dunsmore Business the commercial work in O. A. Hoffman's Rockford [III.] High School this year; Wm.
College, Staunton, Va., now has charge of Chicago school; C. C. McCandlish, of Lan- Meehan, of the Metropc-litan Select School,
the penmanship and commercial work in caster, O., has engaged with C. W. Jones, Buffalo, will be on the faculty of the B. & S.
Wood's Business College, New York; E. S. Brockton [Mass.] Business College; P. V. Schoolof that city; W. F. Giesseman, of the
Chapman, who has been teaching with Mr. Malm goes from the Electric Business four C's. Des Moines, has sold his interest
F. E. Wood, New York, is now in the Trenton College, Minneapolis, to Lockyear's Busi- and has joined the enthusiastic boouiers of
IN. J.] Business Institute; W. I. Sanders,
the great new Northwest. He has been
ness College, Evansville, Ind., for English
spending the summer in Bellingham. Wash.
formerly teaching in the Troy [N. Y. Busi- and commercial work; Miss Powell, recent-
]
C. A. Braniger, Mountain State Business
ness College, and J. E. Leamy, who has been ly a student of the Ann Arbor .Stenographic College. Parkersburg, W. Va., has a splendid
in this same institution for three years as Institute, has been appointed commercial position with Strayer's Business College,
principal teacher of penmanship and regu- teacher in the Hammonton [N. J.] public Baltimore; L. M. Elkin will teach Benn
lar commercial subjects, are to be on the schools; Mr. Wanner, Petoskey, Mich., will Pitman shorthand in the Indiana [Pa.]
faculty of Burdette College, Boston; G.' W. be in the Rock Island [Ill.| High School, in State Normal School next year; Miss Mc-
VVeatherly, of Earlham Academy, Earlham, place of D. B. Thomas, who will be in one of
Naughton will have charge of the commer-
cial department of the Shelbina [Mo.J High
Iowa, is to teach in the Waterloo [la.] Busi- the Minneapolis High Schools; A. A. Zim- School; J. A. Kirby, Springfield, Ohio, will
ness College; F. C. Hill, who has been sup- iner, of the Nashua [N.H.] Business College, have charge of the commercial department
ervisor of penmanship in the public schools and Mary E. Miller, of Shelbina, Mo., are to of the Braiuerd [Minn.] High School.
 ^3^^u^^ied^i^i(/iu^i^fr' ^ 27

Business Practice-eontinued from papers of students who may have States. Negotiability is the element
Page zo. left school without making a settle- that is in reality the life of negotiable
ment. paper; it includes the right whereby
This sheet tends to orderliness and is The balance sheet is now made out the purchaser, under certain condi-
convenient for filing. This ends the and the books closed. The ledger tions, is enabled to collect the amount
day's work. index is examined to make sure that the instrument calls for, irrespective
At the end of the week there are all accounts are indexed. The teach- of defenses. A set-off does not follow
other proofs required. The first is er is then called to the office to make and attach as in assignment. A pre-
the inventory, which, as every teach- a general inspection of the books and sumption of consideration exists in
er knows, is an excellent test of ac- approve the balance sheet, which has favor of all negotiable paper unless
curacy in figuring. I have a printed been copied into the Balance Sheet this is overcome by evidence. The
inventor)- sheet having the names and Book. presumption is that the paper was
prices of all the commodities for There is one more check employed given for value.
sale, and blanks for quantities and in connection with this office — state- To recapitulate, the assignee ac-
amounts. The officers count the ments of accounts rendered bi-weekly. quires the rights of the assignor sub-
quantities of each kind of merchan- In order to save the time of the ject to existing claims or defenses.
dise on hand and write them in the officers, 1 have the statements made The purchaser of negotiable paper
blank spaces provided. The sheet is by the customers themselves, ex- and the right to collect the full
then handed to a teacher. The teach- cepting those for students in other amount acquires full title, notwith-
er takes from the files the previous schools, and also for the reason that standing that counter-claims and
week's inventory, the daily proof of these statements are really more of a defenses may exist between the origi-
sales bills, and the proof of purchase check on the customers' account than nal parties. The transfer defeats
bills, which three constitutes a stock on the office accounts. An alpha- existing claims or defenses.
book, and checks up the quantities betical list of customers with balances \\'liat aye Negotiable Papersf All —
on the new inventory sheet. The (for the teacher I is made by the of- papers issued for the purpose of as-
proof of purchase bills are from the ficers. The teacher receives the state- sisting in the exchange of money and
Buying Office and will be explained ments and, if they are found correct which bear certain necessary elements
later. The sheet is returned for a re- in form and amount, approves them fto be presented in the next article)
count of the items not checked until and checks them on the list. If any are negotiable; for example, notes,
all are correct or it is found impos- student does_ not agree with his bal- drafts, checks, certificates of deposit,
sible to make the stock book and the ance on the list, he must produce his etc.
inventory to agree. A penalty as to vouchers and show that the office
office grade is imposed for having a balance is wrong or find the error in Cbe eommereial School Hennaissance
disagreement. The inventory sheet his books. in the ntbens of Hmerica
is then returned to the officers to com- ( This article will be concluded in
pute the values, a certain percentage the October number. The commercial schools of Boston
being deducted from the total gross are having anew birth. The Boston
value to obtain the cost price. The Commercial College has moved well
inventory sheet is again presented to eommereial Caw-Continued from up Washington Street Comer's has ;

a teacher, who examines the merchan- Page 23. gone into handsome new quarters on
dise account in the ledger and de- Boylston street, right opposite the
termines from it very closely — as the held a debt claim against A amount- subway ; the Gregg School, which
percentage of gain on sales is almost ing to $40.00; this is a set-off against has occupied small rooms up town in
uniform,— what the inventory should the rights of C. The latter can only Huntington Chambers, has taken on
be. If the inventory appears to be secure |60.00 from B; he must look more space and more name, being
wrong, the officers refigure it. If it to A for the balance. Thus we say now known as the Massachusetts
still is wrong, a comparison is made that the assignee acquires only the College of Commerce and Gregg
by the officers with the peceding rights possessed by the assignor at School under the immediate manage-
week's inventorv. To illustrate: If the time of transfer and that to keep ment of W. H. Pelton, formerly of
there were 1250 boxes of apples on the those rights intact he must notify the Lynn Burdett College has gone'into
;

preceding, and 1400 boxes in the pres- debtor of his acquired rights. A new quarters at the corner of Wash-
ent inventory, the value of the dif- payment made by the debtor before ington and Boylston streets, and they
ference, 150 'boxes, is found and it notice but after sale is a good defense are fitting up their rooms richly, be-
should equal the excess of value on against the assignee. sides they are building a sixtj-thous-
the present inventory over the pre- Negotiability — The common law and-doUar structure in Lynn, to be
ceding one. And so on with each recognizes the right of the holder to the home of a branch school the ;

commodity. This plan will quite cer- transfer his choses in action to an- Bryant & Stratton School is going
tainly discover the error, and the in- other but insists that the buyer shall into a really magnificent new build-
ventory sheet is approved. acquire only the right possessed by ing on Boylston street, about oppo-
The next step is the making of a his seller. He assumes all the risk of site the beautiful Public Gardens,
weekly proof list of bills receivable, uncertainty in the claim. A set-off where they will occupy four floors.
bills payable, or mortgages receivable, may be found to exist in favor of the These schools all report a good
depending on the needs of the office one obligated, and it is good against year's business closed and a better
using it. These blanks have columns the new purchaser although he did one in prospect. Burdett College will
for the consecutive numbers of the not know of its existence or in fact have W. J. Sanders, J. E. Leamy, J.
books, the maturity, the payee's
bill have means of knowing. This is the B. Knudson, L. L. Martin, and E G.
name if bills payable, of payer's name law of assignment. Brandt among well-known teachers
if bills or mortgages receivable, The law merchatit originated in the added to its staff; the principal was
checking, amount, partial payments, usage of the merchants of Europe, out when we called at the office of the
and accrued interest. These' blanks and has been gradually extended Massachusetts College of Commerce,
are filled up from the bill books, and, throughout the commercial world. and we do not know who are to be
in case of bills and mortgages re- It recognizes rights not known in the added to the faculty there the other ;

ceivable the notes on hand are com- common law, chief among which are schools will make no changes in the
pared with the names and amounts grace, negotiability, and presumption teaching force. We expect to give
and checked off in the checking of consideration. 'Grace is additional our readers some views of the new
column. These proofs are presented time granted the payer in which to quarters of these popular schools in
for inspection and approval and af- meet his obligations, generally three an early number. The other Boston
ford an opportunity to correct any days. Days of grace have been schools are receiving their friends "at
delayed payment as well as to take up abolished in a large number of the the old stand."

e^f^i-i^C-ir^^t^
 f^^f^u4/n^d^/^/iu^ii^ ^
GREAT PERSONAI, LOSS
In 1838 Mr. Spencer was elected Treasurer
ofAshtabula County and was continuously
re-elected to the oflfice of County Treasurer,

G f?i5tory of penmen, (Early

which he held twelve years and was con-
sidered a model officer. During his last
term the Court House at Jefferson, Ohio,
Business (Ebucation, anb was burned, and his office at the time of
the fire was robbed of about six thousand
(Educators in dmerica. dollars. He did not make known to the
public the loss of the money but at a great
Bv A. H. HINMAN, WORCESTER, MASS. sacrifice made the amount good to the
treasury. He said that whoever committed
the crime would presume that there was
public knowledge of it and might be led to
ill refer to it in a way to lead to his detection.
Piatt Koaers Spencer A new sense of responsibility, another Several years after Mr. Spencer's demise a
(Continued)
tender chord in his loving heart was colored man, Edmund Day, a barber who
touched by the helpless young life and the had often shaved the treasurer, was con-
At the age of fourteen he taught his first pale mother on whom he looked, and with victed of burglary at Warren, Ohio, and sent
writing class and without waiting to collect these came the resolution of the highest to the State Penitentiary. Day confessed
his pay, hastened to the next town to in- and noblest elements of his manhood, for among other crimes to the robbery of the
struct another class. he now felt the inspiration of paternal, office of the treasurer of Ashtabula County.
Even at that period his wit, humor, intel- united with conjugal affection. Two years It was the first notice ever given to the
ligence, charming manner and personality later, with his wife and child, he secluded public that such a loss had occurred. On
made him a social favorite, much courted himself in a deep forest in Geneva, where learning the fact that Mr. Spencer had
and flattered. At fifteen years of age he they found shelter in a deserted log cabin suffered financial loss and had paid into
entered the services of Anon Harmon, a with a small clearing made by a squatter, the State Treasury some thousands of
pioneer merchant and enterprising busi- on the bank of Indian Creek, near the shore dollars to guard his good name from any
ness man, performing the duties of general of Lake Erie. shadow of dishonor, several members of
clerk, salesman, bookkeeper and correspon- ITINERANT TEACHING the Ohio legislature proposed having the
dent and, in 1818, was supercargo on the money returned to his heirs; but ofticial
first vessel built at Ashtabula, the decks When Mr. Spencer was at the age of 32 the action has never yet been taken.
and gunwales of which he decorated with time had gone by and conditions were un-
favorable for entering upon the profession
A LOVER OF NATURE
inscriptions and designs in red chalk.
of law, the ministry or literary pursuits as Piatt R. Spencer was a born teacher. He
Mr. Spencer's education was mostly with-
he intended. Poverty, the support of a not only enjoyed imparting instruction and
out teachers and, as far as it went, quite
family and the purchase of fifty acres of developing faculties and powers, but he
thorough. He had a good English educa-
tion, including literature, and was some- wild land to be cleared, cultivated and had the gift of discovering and touching in
built upon, occupied his attention, making the mind and heart, the springs and inspir-
thing of a .Shakesperian scholar. He was
it necessary to engage in such pursuit as ation of the best tliought, feeling and
well read in American, English and general
would most readily and conveniently bring action, and of making the most enduring
history; had a fundamental knowledge of
him the means. These were the conditions impressions. He had thp power of winning
Latin, read law two years, and in 1824 was
and circumstances which, combined with tiie affections of children and young people
about to enter Clinton College to prepare
those of the preceding ten years of his into whose minds and hearts he saw
for the ministry but circumstances pre-
life, led him into the profession of an intuitively and with the loving spirit of the
vented.
MOBBED itinerant writing teacher in Northern Ohio Divine Master, who said, " Suffer little chil-
and Western Pennsylvania where his name dren to come unto me and forbid them not,
At the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825
and fame as a penman and teacher in those for of such is the Kingdom of Heaven," he
Mr. Spencer went east by that route stop-
ping to teach classes of penmanship at Buf- early years were best known. He traveled drew them by the charm of his sympathetic
falo. \Yhile in New York City'he so aroused from place to place on foot, carrying his spirit and winning manner.
indignation by satirizing some of the people writing materials and change of linen in a The shores of Lake Erie, near by where
that he was mobbed, stripped of his cloth- leather valise on a stick over his shoulder, he dwelt had a peculiar fascination for him.
ing and obliged to go to bed until his humming the songs of Burns, meditating, There, he loved to spend his leisure hours,
friends procured him a new suit. and smoking his clay pipe along the way, and its broad, beautiful beach, from spring
Some
'til autumn, in its expanse of snow and ice
time thereafter, he appeared in Stormville stopping occasionally to renew acquain-
tances and refresh himself among his in winter, he covered with endless chirog-
near his birth place, where he remained
some months teaching the village school, friends. Invitations were extended to him raphic tracings. To a mind like his, keenly
cultivating the acquaintance of old family to instruct writing classes formed for him. responsive to Nature's touch, such a school,
friends and neighbors, studying and poet-
even in such an art could not be fruitless.
The perfections of forms and movements
PLATT ROUERS SPENCER. in the things about him — in wild flowers
From thence he visited Poughkeepsie,
Windham, Greenville, Athens and
Catskill, and trailing vines that adorned the bank,
other points on the Hudson and in the the round pebbles at his feet, the birds that
Catskill mountains, teaching, studying,
soared or skimmed the surface of the lake,
contributing to the press and in social
and more than all, the restless, unwearied,
enjoyment. Mr. Spencer remained rythmic sweep of the waves — diffused
in
Greenville some months where he taught through him their influence upon his work,
and delivered the 4th of July oration. On and, as he practiced on, those forms and
the eve of his departure, he was honored ideas grew that in after years lent a charm
with a public ovation and left behind him both to his teachings and to the products
many warm friends and admirers whom he of his pen.
POET AND PENMAN
visited in after years. In 1827 Mr. Spencer
returned to Ohio with no material change He brought to the work a gifted and cul-

in his condition or prospects. tured intellect, rich ituagination, invention,

poetic sentiment, enthusiasm and a phil-
" I MUST BE A MAN " thropic spirit that glowed with ardent
Persis WarrenDuty and Piatt Rogers desire for human improvement, welfare
Spencer were united in marriage at East and happiness. To his comprehensive
Ashtabula, at the residence of Dr. Colemen, view, " Writing was the record of the past,
April 17, 1828. the servant of the present, the regulator of
When receiving the announcement that a the future, the soul of commerce."
son was born to him, and looking upon the Having no teachers or models in penman-
young mother with the babe (Robert) upon ship to guide him to any extent and being
her bosom he said, " Now I must be a man." dependent largely on himself, Mr. Spencer's
 f^^3^Uii/n^y<^(/iu:ai(fr* ^
poetic and imaginative temperament natu- to present the system in copy-book form. It was undoubtedly best forhis usefulness
rally developed a style of writing suited to In in connection with his sons, and Mr.
1861 and the world that the rare combination of
his tastes, combining impressions received James W. Lusk, an old pupil and well tried talents with which Mr. Spencer was en-
from nature and observation. His con- friend, he revised his system and produced dowed, were so much directed to improving
sciousness of the processes of the evolution a new and beautiful series of books, which and diffusing writing as a branch of edu-
of his style of writing are expressed by was first puplished by Phinney & Co.. cation. Indeed, he seems to have been
himself in the following lines on the Buffalo; but in 1869, were transferred to the given to the world in the right " fullness of
house of Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., time" to do a necessary and important
Origin of Spencerian Ulriting of New York. The popularity of his system work in this age of marvelous progress,
Evolved amid Nature's unprunded scenes, was shown by the fact that durijig the year which makes immense demands upon the
On Erie's wild and woody shore. succeeding the publication of this series, pen as a means of human advancement,
The rolling wave, the dancing stream. more than a million copies were distributed along educational, literary,
The wild rose haunts — in days of yore. scientific, social
to theyouth of the country. and commercial lines.
The opal, quartz and ammonite, His favorite poet was Burns and the in- The spread of his system and s^tyle of
Gleaming beneath the wavelet's flow, fluence of his fondness of that poet may be writing covers the period of some seventy
Each gave its lesson — how to write-
in the loved ^-ears of long ago. traced in some of his own productions. years, dating from 1825. It l)ecame nearly
No prospectus for a writing class, no cir- universal and with modifications, formed
I seized the forms I loved so well, cular advertising his copy slips, and no the basis and superstructure of most of the
Compounded them as meaning signs.
And to the music of the swell, copy book covers or sheets of instructions publications, teaching, and hand writing
Blent them with undulating vines. to accompany his sheets of books, was of America and to some extent of other
regarded complete without a few pertinent countries.
Thanks, Nature, for the impress pure.
Those tracings in the sand are gone; lines of poetry which was usually of his He had the power of clothing whatever
But while the love of thee endures, own composition and some of them veri- he touched with fascinating interest. He
Their grace and ease shall still live on. table gems. On one of his copy book covers threw about the art of writing by his skill,
PRACTICAL AND ORNAMENTAL we find the following: teachings, and methods of presenting the
" The tongue is not the only way subject, a charm that attracted to hirn and
In his instructive, eloquent and inspiring
Through which the active mind is heard, his instructions, people of intelligence,
lecture on the "Origin, History and Pro- But the good pen as well can say culture and ability, whom he enthused,
gress of Writing,'* published as an appen- In tones as sweet, a gentle word.
dix to the Spencerian Key, after tracing the Then speed we on this art to gain, broadened and inspired, and ^ho went
Which leads all others in its train; forth into the educational business and
subject down to his own time, Mr. Spencer Embalms our toils from day to day, social world to disseminate his ideas and
speaks as foUo^rs of his ow^n systeni of Bids budding virtues live for aye.
Brings learning home, the mind to store methods.
writing:
Before our school day scenes are o'er."
" We come now to the Semi-angular Spen- Cbc Cos Seminary.
cerianSystem of Commercial, Epistolary HOME, THE SUNNVEST SPOT ON EARTH
and Record Writing of w^hich we propose While Mr. Spencer's occupation through Probably the most unique school of art in
especially tospeak. Ourintention has been life was mainly that of a teacher, he lived the world, was the famous log seminary
to present to the public a system, upon a farm which he owned and carried on. which Mr. Spencer established about 1858, on
" Plain to the
Though the work of the farm was entrusted his farm, some two and a half miles north-
eye and gracefully combined.
To train the muscle and inform the mind. to other hands, yet he was fond of joining east of the village of Geneva, Ohio, on the
To light the school boy's head, to guide at times in its labors which afforded a New Hardserabble road to the lake which is
his hand, pleasant and helpful relief from the con-
And teach him what to practice when a
two miles or more distant. Tlie log house
finement of his profession. Fishing and was built and occupied as a residence by
To give a female taste the symmetry it bathing parties to the lake were also favor- Hiram Watrousof whom Mr. Spencer bought
loves. ite recreations with him, into which he the farm. It was a comfortable building of
Bud, leaf, and flower for letters, her chaste
mind approves, entered with the utmost zest even to the good size and well lighted. fJrchards and
No golden boon this humble author last years of his life meadows were to the south and cultivated
claims, In his domestic relations he was particu- fields and pastures to the north with the
Utility to embryo's mind his aim."
larly happy. One could hardly be found road in front, and his residence and barns'
In regard to this system in its design, fonder of his own fireside or more loved near by to the northwest, across the way,
arrangement and details the peculiarities and respected there than he. Called much with fields, meadows, orchards and noble
of its prominent features consist in select- from home by his profession, it still re- forests to the westward.
ing the elliptic curve or Nature's most mained to him the one grandest, sunnyest Here amid rural quiet, near the shore of
beautiful form. The seed, the bud, the spot on earth. He wrote, his beloved Lake Erie, in the log seminary,
flower, the fruit all take the same oval; " I would not change my humble cot. gathered from far and near many l)right
the tree in stem, leaf, branch and root Reclining o'er blue Erie's waves, aspiring young men and women under Mr.
maintains the same form; and even the For India's richest and spiciest spot, Spencer's instruction in the art of writing,
With naught the friendship gives or
pebbles displaced by the waves are beauti- [craves." some of whom became noted teachers of the
ful oval forms.
A HOUSEHOLD 'WORD
While Mr. Spencer was well known for his
noble personal qualities and generous sym-
pathies in matters of general interest and
welfare, his name in connection with his
own profession, has become a household
word throughout the land. In style he
chose the golden mean between the liberty
fullness of the round hand, and the rigid
sharpness of the angular, aiming to com-
bine to the liberty of the one the ease and
correctness of the execution of the other.
He introduced also improved forms of
capitals and a tasteful mingling of light
and shade. With this he combined a thor-
ough theory of position and movement, and
a free use of exercises to discipline and
develop the muscles employed to wield the
pen.
The publication of the system by
first
himself, was
in the year 1848, and in the
forms of copy slips with printed instruc-
tions. In this he was associated with Vic-
tor M. Rice, a former pupil, and afterwards
superintendent of public instruction of the
State of New York. In 1859 he was induced

?c?:
 f^^f3^Ui^^ied^(^^/ifaiii^ ^
Spencerian System and prominent in the the enrollment during the past year has
educational and business world. >^>=^-^ reached the five hundred mark. Duringthe
The associations and memories that clus-
summer he remodeled the school building
androomsandadded$2,riOO worth of furniture
ter about the log seminary and the work to hisformer equipment.
done in it give it historic interest. It is
School and
The Badger State Business College, Mil-
doubtful if in any other school in this waukee, Wis., is a recent addition to the
country there ever has been or ever will be Pi^ofesslonal business college fraternity, Fred H. Criger
given instructions at all comparable with and Walter S. Smith are the proprietors.
Mr. Criger swings one of the most graceful
those given by Mr. Spencer in the log semi- and accurate pens of the profession, and we
narj', appealing to all that is true, beautiful wish the new institution the success it just-
The Annual Report of the School Com- ly merits.
and noble in human life and character. mittee of the Beverly, Mas^., Public Schools
The intellectual and social atmosphere contains a splendidly written report by the The American Business College is the
and intluences of the log seminary, to which supervisor of penmanship, Mr. C. E. Doner. name of a new school launched September
Those interested in public school work Minneapolis, Minn., bv the following
1st in
Mr. Spencer gave inspiration and tone, were should secure a copy of this report. named gentlemen: J. Jesperson, Pres.,
delightful in their charming simplicity and Geo. L. Hempstead. Vice Pres., J. J. Hagen,
originality. They embraced nature, art, Mr. F. J. Toland, LaCrosse, Wis., Proprie- Sec'y, J. L. Hallstrom, Treas.,'and E. L.
tor of Toland's Business University, reports Bergquist, Bus. Mgr. Mr. Bergquist will
poetry, song, study, work, sports and all the an attendance the past year of 425 students. have charge of the l.)ook-keeping depart-
side range of human interests that writing ment. Mr. Hagen will have charge of the
and its practical applications touch in com- On May Uth, iqp4, the faculty and students shorthand and penmanship. Messrs. Hall-
of Soule College, New- Orleans, La., pre- strom and Hempstead will have charge of
merce, literatures, science and social ad- sented Colonel Soule with a magnificent English and lend a helping hand in book-
vancement. The log seminary was in a loving cup. it being his seventieth birth- keeping and shorthand. Success to the new
sense a university, giving, as it did, a liber- day. This token is but a slight evidence of institution.
the higli esteem in which Col. Soule is held
al education in its broad spirit of human in the South, as well as in the North. We The Business Department. P. B. McElrov,
fellowship and intercourse. cannot help from coupling the names of Principal, of the Howard Payne Business
Burrowing beneath the floor was a family Packard and Soule in the business educa- College, Brownwood, Tex., is given consid-
tional world, with those of Grant and Lee in erable space in the general catalog, adver-
of woodchucks, whose trustful confidence the political world. With Packard and tising that department of the school.
and rights of domicile, it was the rule of the Soule, however, there was no " Lost Cause,"
seminary, should be sacredly respected in as both won without surrender. The National Business College, Roanoke,
Va., E. M. Coulter, President, is issuing a
obedience to sentiments of justice and hu- On Friday, May
the South Bend
13th, 1901, catalog of 48 pages, printed in purple, black,
manity which Mr. Spencer inculcated, and [Ind,] Commercial College, celebrated its and red with heliotrope cover and embossed
twenty-first year of existence. It is need- title. The illustrations are many and ex-
with which his students heartily sympa- cellent, printing unusually fine with a new
less to say that the evening was a most en-
thized. The spot where the log seminary joyalile one, and with Messrs. Boone, Thom- and beautiful style of type, printed in red
stood might appropriately be marked by as, and Bellis at the head there is no for headings.
some enduring monument. reason why progress and prosperity shall Pernin Universal Phonography is the title
not continue to be in evidence at this well-
known institution.
of adeckle edge, 32 page, 5 bv i;'4 inch book-
let,published bv H. M. Pernin, Detroit, Mich.
Business e«lleaes. The Owensboro, Ky., Commercial College,
which was established three years ago
by Howard Van Deusen and successfully Cbe next meetina of the national Fede=
The establishment, development and conducted by him, has been sold to >Ir. L. ration of eommereial Ceaebers.
spread of the American system of mercan- C. Smith of Lebanon, Ind. Mr. Van Deusen
commercial, and business schools and has accepted a position with the Bobbs
tile,
Merrill Co. Indianapolis, Ind., in their de- To THE Commercial Teachers of
colleges, beginning about 18W, were greatly partment of business college publications. AMERICA:
assisted by Mr. Spencer and his style and member
The time approaches when everj'
system of writing, which in turn have done The Roach Business College, Beaumont, of the profession throughout the country
Tex.,is a new business School conducted by
much to diffuse the latter and to extend his the Roach Bros., Mr. G. F. Roach, the well should consider and prepare for the next
fame, which are their common heritage, as known penman, being secretary. They re- meeting of the National Federation of Com-
he was in a sense, their common father and port a most encouraging outlook for" the
new institution, and from what we know of mercial Teachers to be held in Chicago at
promoter. He personally visited, taught,
the gentleman, we have every reason to the Chicago Business College, December
and supervised the writing in many of the belie\e that the institution will be a success. 27-28-29. Never before in the history of busi-
earlier schools, and there is today scarcely
t)n Julv 16, 1S04, Mr. E. M. Huntsinger, of
ness and commercial education and train-
a teacher of business branches in these
Hartford, Conn., incorporated his school ing have the claims of self-interest and pub-
schools and colleges or out of them, who is
under the name of the Huntsinger Business lic duty so strongly and universally ap-
not a representative and exponent of his College [incorporated], the object of which
incorporation is "greater thoroughness to pealed to the profession as now, demanding
system, style, and methods on which they
more fully meet the requirements of the earnest and intelligent endeavor to fulfill
largely depend for the best results in im-
constantly increasing patronage from the obligations to our schools, to the communi-
parting business hand writing, whether it exacting, as well as appreciative public." ties which we serve and to the Nation. 1
be standard slant, vertical, or backhand. Success to the new incorporation.
therefore desire to urge the claims of the ap-
The more his influence is felt by the schools, The Barnes' Bros., Mr. E. C. Barnes for- proaching meeting upon all commercial
educational institutions, business life and merly Hartford, Conn., and recently of
of teachers and business educators to the end
character of the people, the better. Denver, Colo., and H. E. of Waynesburg,
Pa., joined hands and launched a new l)usi- that the Chicago convention shall fitly rep-
His penmanship publications beginning
ness school in Denver, Colo. The Barnes resent, by the attendance and proceedings,
in 1848 and continuing to the present, might boys are all right and success is assured. the vast interests with which the commer-
have accomplished vastly more good were Our best wishes are with them in their new
enterprize. cial and business schools of our country
it possible to put into and convey through
deal.
them the loving, ennobling spirit of the The Sunday Record-Herald, Chicago, June
author, which as a living teacher he made devoted an entire page to illustration
12, 19(M,
The programs of the several depart-
and text to the big Valparaiso [Ind.] Nor- ments and of the general sessions will be
vital upon all who came within the circle of
mal School. The article was very readable, rich and inspiring.
his influence. He did his last teaching and and did not seem to have been in any sense I cordially invite communications and
lecturing in the early spring of 1864, in the a paid advertisement.
suggestions respecting the meeting and the
cities of New York and Brooklyn.
Mr. J.E. Joiner of the Columbia Commer- programs of the several departments
cial University, Lancaster, O., recently and the general sessions and propose that
purchased the Rowland Business College of
nuaaets of Pure 6eld. Columbus, and has re-named it the Colum- the professional periodicals be made the
bus Business College. We welcome Mr. mediums through which to discuss and
Joiner to our city, and wish him the success suggest matters for the benefit of the meet-
The Departments in TiCE Business ED- he merits.
UCATOR are big nuggets of pure gold, and ing, the profession and the cause.
we are just mure than delighted to read A photo of the graduating class, number- The meeting should do much to improve
the "Announcements fortheComing Year " ing of the Richmond [Ind.] Business
The Business Educatok is in the class- 81,
our work, create a wider and more intelligent
College before us, and a model class in-
is
room every day, and certainly in point of deed represents. It speaks well for the
it interest in and appreciation of its claims
instrmsic worth as an exponent of the institution. and promote the progress of commercial
highest and best in commercial school
work, it is "head and shoulders" above.any- life upon which human welfare and happi-
Mr. J. N. Smoot, Scranton, Pa., recently
thing we have ever seen. "We need it fn purchased the Carbondale Commercial In- ness are largely dependent.
our business" and cannot afford to miss a stitute, formerly owned by W. A. F. Scott, Robert C. Spencer,
number. who is now at Taunton. Pres. National Federation of Com-
W. E. Sharp, Principal
Anacortes Business College. Mr. J. C. Olson, President of the Parsons mercial Teachers,
Anacortes, Wash, [Kans.] Business College, informs us that Milwaukee, Wis. July 27, 1!XH.
 f^^fS^ud/ned^^f^iu^Ufr* ^
Concerning Commencement. Mr. L. Madarasz is now s^upervisor of
Writing in the Eagan Schoolsof Business,
Attractive, cordial invitations, announce- located at Hoboken and Hackensack, N. J.
ments, concerning coinniencenient
etc., Mr. Eagan does not propose to be outdone
exercises have been received from the fol-
lowing: New Britain [Conn.] Commercial
College, Holvoke [Mass.] Business Insti-
News Notes l>y any one in the excellence of instruction
given in writing, as evidenced by his selec-
tion of Mr. Madarasz.
tute. Utica fN. Y.] School of Commerce,
National Business College, Koanoke, Va., and Notices.
New London [Conn.] Business College, J. A. Kirby, Springfield, Ohio, is employed
The Shoemaker-Clark School, Fall Kiver as teacher of commercial branches and
Mass.. Douglas Business College, Con- vocal music in the Brainerd, Minn., High
nellsville, Pa., Salem [Mass.] Commercial
School, Parsons [Kans.] Business College, A. T. ScH>viU, furmerlv connected with
Peterson Business College, Scottdale, Pa., Brown's Business C(. liege, Galesburg. '111., Mr. O. T.Johnston, after "doing" the Fair
Eagan School of Business, Hoboken, N. J., has just accepted the principalship of the and doing some work in the "4C's." Des
South Bend [Ind.] Commercial College, Commercial Department in the Pennsyl- Moines, la is back again in Darling's Busi-
,

Parrish College. Paragould, Ark., Provi- vania Business College, Lancaster, Pa. ness College, Fergus Falls, Minn. Mr.
dence [R.I.] Bryant & Stratton Business Johnston is a fine penman and enthusiastic
College, Nebraska State Normal School, Strayer's Business College, Baltimore, teacher, and a true gentleman in every
Mrs. Euphemia Nelson, San Francisco, Md., is issuing a fifteen-inch, brass-edge, sense of the word.
Calif.,Schuylkill Seminarv, Reading, Pa., highly-finished, well-made rule with their
Spencerian Business College, Washington. advertisement thereon. Mr. J. R. Brandrup,of the Mankato, (Minn.)
D. C. The Agricultural College of Utah, Commercial College, is erecting a beautiful,
Goldey College. Wilmington, Del., Detroit Mr. F. C. Ranch is the new commercial commodious and substantial residence, an
[Mich.] Commercial College. Georgia Nor- teacher in the Mansfield, Ohio, Business excellent illustrati and description of
mal College. Abbeville, Ga., Parsons, Kans., College. vhicli appears ... the Mankato Dailv Free
v^.. ct^t^^o.o

Business College, New London. Conn., Press, Saturday. July 2. The friends"of Mr.
Business College. St. Joseph. Mo., Business J. R. Strand, a graduate of the Gem City Brandrup— and they are many — will re-
University, Springfield, Mo., Normal School. Business College, has accepted a position joice in this evidence of his prosperity, fru-
with the Newark Business College, Newark, gality, and domestic inclination.
N. J., as teacher in the business department.
eastern Commercial Ceacbers' dissocia- Mr. J.M. Tran, of Toronto, is now teaching
tion Mr. H. K. Good, who has been with the in the Duluth, Minn., Business College.
Rider, Moore & Stewart Schoolsof Business,
PREPARING THE PROGRAM. Trenton. N. J., has contracted at a good
big salary with the Massachusetts College
The Executive Board of the Eastern Com- of Commerce, Boston. City.
mercial Teachers' Association met on Sat-
urday, August 6th, to consider the program Mr. J. D.Carter, Hutchinson, Kans., is now Mr. W. A. Ross, an old time pupil of ye
and other matters connected with the next located with the Bushey Bros., Appleton, editors, is now connected with the Miller
annual meeting, to be held in New York Wis. Mr. Carter is a skillful penman, and School of New York City. Mr. Ross is one
next April. we wish him success in his new field of of the big, jolly, all round men of our pro-
The President has several things in mind labor. ession.
which he stated to the Board for the next
year's meeting. He desired, if possible, that Mr. C. E. Lowder, Calumet, Okla., has Mr. H. A. Wassell, a recent student at the
arrangements might be made with the contracted for the coming vear with the Gem Citj' Business College, Quincy, 111.,
business educators who conduct magazines, Metropolitan Commercial College. Minne- is now a teacher in the Aurora, Nebr.,
or by the officers and committees of the apolis, Minn. Mr. Lowder is a skillful pen- Business College.
Association, to have a verbatim report of all man and a perfect gentleman, and, if we
the papers and discussions. He says he were to judge from the subscription patron- J. H. Long, Willamsport, Pa., has pur-
voiced the opinions of the rank and file age during the past year of the Metropoli- chased the Carlisle Commercial College.
with whom he had associated in former tan College, he will have his hands full of Mr. Long has for some time past been em-
conventions, for more viva voce discussion penmanship matters in his new position. ployed by the Smith-Premier Typewriter
and fewer read papers. He likewise ex- Company, but was previously engaged in
pressed the opinion that instead of having Mr. S. L. Caldwell, with the Nebraska commercial work in a normal 'school. Prof.
papers setting forth ideal conditions, and StateNormal School, Peru, Nebr., has been O. K. Weibley, who has had charge of the
long statements made as to what schools re-employed at a handsome increase in school since the death of its owner, Ira F.
and teachers should do, that the teachers, salary, the Board refusing to accept his Mountz, will remain with the new proprie-
on the day of the annual meeting, to what- resignation. tor. In fact we learn thatthere will be few
ever department or subject they might be ,

if any changes in the faculty

assigned, should form a class of the mem- Mr. J. L. Hayward, recently of Bank's
bers present, and teach that subject as he Business College. Philadelphia, is now with Mr. J. E. Plunmier of Indiana has been
or she actually does it in the classroom. In the Heffley School of Brooklyn. His many elected as Principal of the Marshall Busi-
other words, there is a desire prevalent for friends will be pained to learn of the loss by ness College, Huntington, W. Va.
more normal work, whereby young teachers Mr.
may be shown how work is done in the death, in June, of a daughter, born a short Plummer is a well equipped commercial
time previously. Mr. Hayward is a skillful teacher and a fine penman and will prove
classroom, and receive instruction as to penman, enthusiastic teacher, and a thor- to be a valuable, man in that institution.
how to do it. ough gentleman.
Another point upon which there seems to
be an almost iiniversal desire, was to have Mr. Egbert L. Allen, formerly Principal of
all the papers read and the subjects on the
Miss Josephine E. Frazee, formerU- of the Commercial Department of the Brad-
program discussed in one room, consecu- Elgin, 111., is now teaching shorthand in ford, Pa., High School, lias been elected to
tively, instead of in different divisions in the Mountain State Business College. the Commercial Department of the Prince-
separate rooms. Parkersburg, W. Va. Miss Frazee is one of ton, Ind., High School at a fine salary. Mr.
It has been suggested that the program
our most progressive teachers of shorthand Allen is a staunch supporter of THE BUSI-
contain several broad subjects, such as and penmanship. NESS Educator and we know that his
Bookkeeping, Penmanship, English. Com- many friends wish him much success in
mercial Geographv, Discipline, Typewrit- Mr. L. E. Stacy, Camden. N. J., succeeded his new field of work.
ing, Shorthand, Arithmetic, and Rapid Cal- Mr- A. W. Holmes in charge of the commer-
culations, with the names of the teachers cial department of the Salem, (Mass.) Com- Mr. A. W. Cooper, formerly of Jackson,
who will lead or discuss questions pertain- mercial School. Minn., is now connected with the Camden
ing to these subjects, without publishing (N. J.) Commercial College, having been
the specific phase of Bookkeeping, Penman- Mr. E. E. Kent, recently with the Rider, recently added to the faculty of this pro-
ship, Shorthand, etc., that he or she will Moore & Stuart Schools, Trenton, N. J., is gressive institution.
discuss. now engaged with the Cotnmercial Depart-
A letter is being sent to those experienced ment of the Springfield, Mass High school.
,
Mr. E. H. Bean, recently of Jamestown,
in the various lines of different subjects This means a good man in a good place. N. Y., is now principal of the business de-
taught or handled in private and high partment of the Central Business College,
schools, soliciting expressions of their opin- Mr. Hy C. Walker, the Engrossingartist of Denver, Colo. Mr. L. A. Arnold, president,
ion, in order that the program may be com- St. Louis, is now connected with the Bert has opened a branch college in Colorado
gleted at the next meeting of the Executive Ball Advertising Co. Mr. Walker is now Springs with prospects verj' encouraging
oard, which will be on Saturdav, October constructing advertising, illustrating, and at that place.
15th. at Eagau's School, corner Spring St. engrossing. Success to you, friend Walker.
and Broadway, New York City. Mr H.K. Dnrkes. recently of Aurora, Neb.,
The Board and Officers greatly desire that Mr. H. W. Hunt, with whose art work our is now connected with Short's. Youngstown,
the young men and recent members of the readers are not unfamiliar, in June of the O., Business College. Mr. Durkes is a
Association be heard from, and are arrang- present vear took upon himself a wife. Miss capable, energetic, straight-forward young
ing that the rank and file shall have an op- Alice S'locum of Columbus, being the man.
portunity to present matters from their favored young lady. They are now at home
standpoint for discussion. in Cleveland, O., and we hereby extend our A
class of fifty-one graced the closing
The President thinks that instead of ap- most hearty congratulations and well exercise"* of the Shoemaker and Clark
pointing a Membership Committee on the wishes for a happy, prosperous, married School, Fall River. Mass.. this vear. The
morning of the annual convention, that it life. exercises were up to the usual high stan-
would be better to appoint that Committee dard, which is praise enough.
and make it large enough so that the
now^, Prof. M. S. Johnston, Superintendent of
membership could be divided into sections the Sliorthand Department of Duff's Col- Hon. Charles Emory Smith spoke to a
or geographical divisions, and have one lege, Pittsburg, was married at Thurmont. class of eighty-three graduates at the bril-
member take care of a special territory. It near Baltimore, Md., June 18, to Miss Urilla liant commencement exercises of the
would lighten the work at the annual meet- Eyler. Mr. and Mrs. Johnston went on a Meadville (Pa.) Business College this year.
ing, and might prove an advantage in the tour to the west, which included a trip Miss S. L. Boyd, the very able principal of
effortsmade to increase the membership. through the Yellowstone Park. Well, here's this school, ^vas handsomely recognized by
After a six hours' meeting, the Board ad- to you friend Johnston, and your other the press of her city in a remarkably at-
journed to meet on Saturdav, October 15th. half, " may you live long and prosper," tractive account of the proceedings.
 *^^^ud/n^d^(uUiu^iifr^ ^
The many friends of W. N. Ferris, Big The South Bend [Ind.] Commercial Col-
Rapids, Mich., whatever their politics, will moved into the Paxson build-
lege recently
have genuine pleasure in learning that he ing, occupying one entire floor of 10.000
has been made the Democratic nominee for square feet of floor space. This bespeaks a
Governor of Michigan. growth which is the natural result of prac-
Catalogs tical instruction and conscientious treat-
Miss Stella Smith, the accomplished and ment of its patrons.
effective typewriting teacher in the Eagan
School, Hoboken, N. J., has been appointed
and Circulars Souvenir of Wilmington is the title of a
to a similar position in Simmons' College. Ifi-page booklet containing pen sketches
Boston. This is one of the newest and most and views of scenes in and about Wilming-
promising educational institutions in New ton, published bv W. H. Beacom. Proprietor
ISngland We congratulate both Miss The commercial department of St. Johns- of the Wilmington Del.] Business School.
(

Smith and the School. It is very plain to bury, Vt., Academy, A. H. Barber. Director,
those that know of Miss Smith's efficiency issues a well printed, straight-forward, and The Green Bay [Wis.] Business College,
that Simmons' College is at least one insti- attractively illustrated page catalog3'.i
E. F. (Juintal, Pr'esident, is issuitig a 20-page
tution that is taking up commercial work in describing the work of that school which circular, with large folder attachment, in
a practical manner. is up-to-date. the interests of that school. The circular is
Practical Textbook Company. Cleveland,
an excellent one, as is also the school and
W. E. Preble, formerly with Burdett Col- Ohio, is announcing the merits of their man back of it.
lege, Boston, and more recently in high meritorious books through the medium of
school work, a Bowdoin College man. is a '24 page, attractivelj- covered, uniquely The Monroe [Wis.] Business Institute, E.
also to be with Simmons' College. The illustrated, splendidly written catalog. L. St. John and A. B. Zu Tavern, Principals,
general direction of the commercial work is issues a creditable catalog of 40 pages. It's
in charge of Mr. Eldredge, who came to The Auto Pen & Ink Mfg. Co., Chicago, pages bespeak prosperity and success.
Boston from a similar position in Temple 111., favors us ironi time to time with at-
College, Philadelphia. tractive, to-the-point circulars, advertising
their various specialties. The Jackman Commercial and Helena
The notable address delivered before the [Mont.] Business College issues a good cat-
E. C. T. A. in Brooklyn, by E. M. Barber, in A complete hand book of the National alog. In it we see the portrait and familiar
1903, and ordered published at the expense (Commercial Teachers' Agency, Beverly, name, S. A. D. Hahn, Principal of the Com-
of the Association, is at last in print. The Mass is before us, and a handsome booklet mercial Department. We have been famil-
iar with his name for nearly a quarter of a
,

copies are in the handsof Sec. A. S. Heaney, it is. It is in every way worthy of the
Providence, R. I. Each member of the notice given it number
in the Jutie of The century, yet his face indicates a man on the
E. C. T. A. is entitled to a free copy. Others Business EiiUCATOR, and contains ex- sunny side of life.
may have one, weare told by the treasurer, actly IDS portraits, facsimile signatures,
for ten cents. All orders should be setit to and letters of recommendation from the Covered in a creamy brown and printed
Secretary Heaney. f<iremost penmen and business educators upon cream paper with raw edges, with
This address is entitled "A Contribution of America. text printed on linen and illustrations on
to the History of Commercial Education," enamel paper, the catalog of the Salem
and is an epitome of a vast amount of re- The Gem City Business College Journal, [Mass.] Commercial School is one of the
search work done by Mr. Barber, himself a Quincy, III., is a welcome visitor at this finest things of the kind we have had
trained specialist of the first order. Every office. come our way recently. Onlj' the type pages
commercial teacher should have a copy, if are paged, numbering 32, but between each
for no other reason than to satisfy himself Mr. H. O. Keesling, Principal of the sheet thus paged, there is one containing a
that a whole lot of praise for pioneer work Lawrence [Mass.] Commercial School, is half-tone illustration the variousof
has lieen enjoyed vicariously by persons issuing a very neat, concise, well written rooms in the school. needless to say
It is
whose names "will immediately recur to and illustrated, envelope-size booklet ad- that the text is above the average in such
thoughtful and observant readers. vertising his school. The school, like the catalogs. Each of the principal topics is
One of the interesting features of this head of it, is a good one. given a page with wide margins in bold,
pamphlet is an up-to-date membership roll plain type. Mr. Lord's knowledge of adver-
of theE. C. T. A. The Alma [Mich.] College Commercial tising has been used effectively, presenting
Department, fiugene D. Pennell. Principal, the merits of his school in the manner above
Miss Bessie Stewart, recently an in- issues a first-class, '26 page catalog adver- described.
structor in the Boston Y. W. C. A., has been tising that school. This department is no
appointed commercial teacher in the Ham- mere theoretical affair, as commercial de- Good Copy — How To Write Ads., by Bert
monton (N. J.) High School. partments have been in the past, but a Ball. St. Louis. Mo., is an interesting little
wide-awake, practical commercial school. booklet of 20 pages recently received at this
A. C. Scott, last year in York, Neb., will office.
"The Verdict" is the title of a verv neatly
this year have charge of shorthand and and attractively printed booklet. 3'i. by 6U
typewriting in Hill's Business College, inches of (>4 pages recently received from A beautiful folder catalog, labeled Belle-
Sedalia, Mo. the wide-awake Fresno [Calif.] Business ingham, Whatcom Co., Washington, came
College. N. Sprouse. Proprietor. "Amus-
J. to our desk with the familiar name of the
Chas. R. Dresser, Danvers, Mass., will ing hut True" is a very appropriate title to well known business educator, penman,
teach Gregg Shorthand in the Nashna a very interesting little piece of history re- and true gentleman. Giesseman. upon the
(N. H.) Business College, next year. garding the founding and progress of' the envelope. This leads us to believe that he
institution. is in that "neck of the woods." but from the
R. W. Decker, Cumberland, Md., goes to illustrations and text therein, we are lead
the San Francisco Business College to teach The Miles College Journal. Detroit, Mich., to conclude that it is about as fine a country
Gregg Shorthand. gives one the impression of a successful and city of its size as is to be found any-
school. The following indicates the right where upon the face of God's fair earth.
intent as concerns the management of this May health and prosperity follow you, friend
A quiet, dignified, and convincing cata- school: "L'p-to-date manufacturers are be- Giesseman, is the well wishes of j'our thous-
logue comes from Banks' Business College, ands of friends.
Philadelphia. ginning to put in some smokeless furnaces
they are also putting in some smokeless
young men." School advertising literature has been re
A conservative and most commendable ceived from the following: Peoria [111.]
littlebooklet contains announcements of
the Brooklyn Business Institute, in charge S.McVeigh, Principal and Proprietor of Business College; Bliss Business College,
of W. K. Vernon and Geo. S. Murray. Bliss Business College, North Adams, North Adams, Mass.; Yocum's Business
Mass., is placing before his prospective College, Massillon, O. Howard Fayne Col-
;

patrons and professional brethern a 40 page, lege, Brownwood, Tex.; Lawrence [Mass.]
C. F. Church, Kalamazoo, Mich., will cream colored catalog, printed in brown Commercial School; Penn Van, [N. Y.)
teach the Omaha Business University, with black illustrations, and in quality Commercial and Shorthand Institute; Amer-
N. B. Van Metre, Principal. equal to the best. ican Business College. Allentown, Pa.;
Campbell College, Holton, Kans.; the
E. L. Allan will have charge of the com- Metropolitan Business College, Dallas.Tex.
"Commercial Books" is the title of a .!2 Northwestern Business College. Chicago.
mercial work in the Princeton (Ind.) High page booklet issued by and in the interests
School. 111.; Taylor School of Shorthand and Busi-
of The Commercial Text Book Co., Des ness. Philadelphia. Pa.; Baltimore, Md.,
Moines, la., advertising their commercial Business College; Rasmussen Practical
The loss of the Fergus Falls (Minn.) High text books, the sale of which has been un- Business School; St. Paul, Minn.; and C. C.
School building by fire will prevent the usually heavy considering the time the>- Canan, Bradford, Pa., The Academy of
opening of a new commercial department have been before the market, indicating Idaho, Pocatello, Idaho, Eastman College,
there this year as was intended. alike merit and enterprise. Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
W. R. Wagenseller, Bernard T. Moran, The Minneapolis [Minn.] Business College One of the richest catalogues that has
and Frank H. Rush are opening in Phila- Rugg & Boyce, Proprietors, are issuing one ever reached our desk is the new ones just
delphia a new school to accommodate from of the best catalogs of the year. It contains issued bv the Rider-Moore and .Stewart
300 to 500 students. fi2 pages with type printed in brown and Schools, Trenton, N. J. If you want to see
illustrations in" black. The illustrations the essence of elegance in school catalogue
are very high-grade in character, some of work, just send twenty-five cents to F. B.
F. J. Toland.of La Crosse, Wis is open- .
the Vignette park scenes being as fine as
ing a branch school in Mankato, Minn. we have ever seen. Moore for a copy. It is worth a dollar at
least merely as an inspiration. We are not
authorized to say that copies of this sump-
David Wolfe Brown, the famous short- The Brockton [Mass.] Business Univer- tuous volume can be had at any price, but
hand reporter and author, died verv sud- sity. C. W. Jones. President, is putting out we assume the liberty to name a price,
denly in Washington, D. C, July il. He a 4>2 by 10. 24-page, pink-covered catalog, believing that Brother Mcrore is too genial
will be missed by a great army of admiring printed in brown and red, making a ver>' to decline the request of a fellow pedagogue
friends, and his' position as Congressional effective out-of-the-ordinary piece of adver- if the request is accompanied by somer
Reporter will not lie an easy one to fill. tising literati}re, It's a good thin^;. where nearly the post of the book.
 f^^3Bud/n^d^&/iu:ai&T^ ^
the other learning you can possess.
I am thinking that many of you yet
in your teens are away from your
home, perhaps for the first time.
You are, therefore, at a critical period
(Ef?e Success Circle. in your career. Your new environ-
ments will have much to do with the
0. Department of Encouragement, Zw- character of your thought. The com-
panions you select —
for it is a matter
spiration, progress, ficaltb, €tc. of selection —
will help make or mar
your life. If there is an element of
Conducted by L. M. THORNBURG, Paterson, i\. J.,
weakness already in your chain of
Commercial High School.
character, it will require a struggle
for you to resist the temptations to
share in some of the so-called " so-
cial pleasures" that too frequently
erecting flower and fruit." Our every day lead to one's downfall. I have seen
course is overgrown with the thorny bright and promising students
Helpfulness is the keynote of this tangle of forgotten thought, and our wrecked in mind and body from some
only nourishment at times is its little weakness which they consid-
department. It shall be my purpose
to aid all who may wish to consider horrible fruit. Our vicious, sensual, ered trifling. Not the strong link in
themselves members of our Circle to jealous, selfish, irritable thoughts-- the chain, but the weak one, meas-
the fullest measure of true success. that we imagine do not matter, since ures the strength. Our greatest
If I can be the means of influencing they are kept to ourselves bring— enemies are often our smallest.
you to connect yourself with the forth the disagreeable circumstances Don't disappoint those anxious ones
that we are bemoaning, maybe, toda}-. at home who are hoping that you will
current of new thought that is rapid-
ly making itself felt in the thinking From now, then, guard your return to them as clean in thought as
world today, and through it receive the thoughts, for if it is true that yester- when you left their watchful care.
blessings of health, prosperity, peace day's wrong thoughts give birth to The' chief recommendation that I
and joy that are in store for manhood the trials of today, it is equally cer- have for you at the opening school
everywhere, I shall indeed be glad. tain that today's right thinking will month of the year, is to supplement
We live in a most progressive and genet ate joy for the morrow. Control your regular school work with well
wonderful age of mental develop- your thoughts. Let them be of love, selected reading. You can read at
ment. The thing that has most pro- jov, peace, gentleness, goodness and least one good book a year, and read
foundly impressed me in recent years faith then you will deserve all the
;
something from it every morning and
and the one contributing most to my happiness that they breed, produced night.
good is the truth, now quite generally by that law which works with mathe- While enrotite to the Pacific Coast
recognized, that inherent in every matical certainty and abolute justice this summer, I made it a point to call
mind is the power to draw from the — "Whatsoever ye sow, that shall ye on several old students who are now
universal source all things that are also reap." occupying foremost places in busi-
necessary to our highest success and Calk to Students ness life, and it was gratifying in-
happiness. To know how to live, If one class of young people
there is deed to hear the majority of them say
therefore, how to make the most of more than another in whose welfare that their success in business life
one's faculties, one must learn the I take a deep interest, it is that class was due largely to the influence of
secret of placing himself in harmony attending our business training books recommended to them while in
with the infinite source of all good. schools, public and private, through- school.
Should such statements as these out the country. To such as are I lay the greatest stress upon a
appeal to any of our readers who are readers of this journal of education love of books as one of the best pos-
searching for new paths to peace and I may off'er from time to time such
sible safe guards against the con-
power, and who desire fuller infor- suggestions and recommendations as taminating influences that peculiarly
mation than can be given in our are given in my own class room. menace the opening years of inan-
limited space herein, I would recom- Now that you have started to hood. Not only are books safe-
mend to you a prescribed course of school, do not allow yourself to be guards of morals, but they are indis-
reading that will treat the matter in satisfied with anything short of a full pensable to anyone who aspires. On
detail and enlighten you to your and complete course. Those of you the subject of mind moulding through
satisfaction. A list of the most help- who are self supporting may have to reading, I will let Dr. Marden speak
ful books along this line will be fur- make no little sacrifice in order to to you through his latest and best
nished upon application. graduate, but it will pay you to do it. book, "The "Young Man Entering
Are you satisfied with your present The preparation you are now making Business " —
(I do not recall just this

condition in life? The great major- is for life. What you do now and moment a better or more appropriate
ity of people will answer, no. The what you leave unfinished in your book than this one for the young
truth, then, that I wish to press home training will be felt throughout your student entering a business school,
here, and one too frequently ignored entire career. Take a place among for it treats of the complete develop-
is, you are just what your previous the leaders of your class and main- ment of the physical, mental and
thinking has made you. Thought- tain that position to the end. As you moral powers) — He says: Perhaps
habit is the most powerful thing in are in the school room, so will you there is nothing else which enters
the world. We are ever occupied in be in the business room. Flingyour- more deeply into the very warp and
choosing one line of thought and self into your school work with a woof of one's character than the
rejecting another, and in this way zeal that will win for you words of books one reads. One of the greatest
are making the mental world in raise from your teachers. Try to blessings that can come to a young
which we live.
E enthusiastic in all your studies life is the love of good books. The
e
What the mind constantly dwells for enthusiasm in school work, as difference between the future of the
on sooner or later shapes itself into well as in other lines of endeavor, boy who has formed the habit of good
action. It is a great law of our being makes all the difference between reading and the one who has not is
that we become like the things we drudgery and delight, just as the dif- as great as that between the educated
contemplate. This thought cannot ference between low and high ideals and the uneducated youth. The im-
be too greatly emphasized it is the — measures the difference between a portance of having' great models,
key of your life. mediocre career and a grand success. high ideals held consciously before
Let your thought-habit mean char- I would have you not to lose sight
the mind when it is in a plastic con-
acter for you. "Thoughts," says of the fact that there is an ever in- dition, cannot be over estimated.
Hope La Gallienne, "are like seeds creasing demand in business for Many a man has attributed his first
we cast from us, not heeding the fact young people of good character as start and all his after success to the
that each one is carried by some well as ability. No one can afford to books read in boyhood. Theyopened
psychic wind to its appointed spot in neglect the character side of his edu- up to him his possibilities, indicated
our future path, there to grow to cation. It counts for more than all {Continued on page 40.)
 ^^^fS^ud/neiS^i^f&iai/fr^ ^

nrtistie Ulritina is and pleasiua to the ej-e tliat it is never likely to lose its popularity. For many years it has been
su attractive
one of the chief meansof advertising the business college, the slogan used to enroll students. For this reason fine i>enrrien are in
demand — that the school employing the best penman thinks thereby to increase attendance accordingly. Most of the business college
teachers and proprietors owe their vocation to the fascinating influence of ornamental penmanship.
America leads the world in ornamental penmanship. England, Germany, France, Australia even, the America of the East, all
marvel at the skill of the American penmen. The standard here has been high for many years, but time marks improvement in this as
well as in most other things.
Our Ideal Important. No ideal, no achievement. Low ideal, little progress. Lofty ideal, better results with a chance for the top.
Spencer's ideal of penmanship was high, his systematising good, and subsequent generations have been busy working out his
we have today more penmen, and better penmen, than ever before in the World's history, and the demand for them is on the
ideals, until
increase. There is now a greater demand among business colleges for first-class penmen than I have ever known before during the
fifteen years of my experience in the field.

Is It Vour Purpose to Become a eood Penman?

Then let nothing swerve you from that purpose. Determination is the power that makes the seeming impossible, possible: that digs
through and scales mountains of difficulties. Where there is a will there is a way." " Nothing is impossible to him who wills." " What
"
man has done man can do." Let these be your mottoes. This quality of determination carries with it another quality, viz.: ingenuity.
If we are determined to do a thing, we must often invent a new way. If we wish to drive a nail, and have no hammer, the determined,
ingenious person takes a rock - just a different way to reach the same end. He who is determined to make a penman makes ore even if
he hasn't an oblique holder, handmade, with a handle a yard long. Some of the best penmen become such against great odds. Their
chief instructor was a few pi. orly engraved copies possibly from some college advertisement, their material tlie poorest, -n iih po!=sibly a
for a table. But they got there. Lincoln didn't go to college and had few books and fewer
wash stand dollars, but he became an edurnted
man. Johnson couldn't read when he married, but became President of the United States.
 *^^^u^'n^M/^f/iu^i&^r ^

Itiovement. The different movements are doubtless familiar to all. Capitals sliould be made with either muscular or whole arm
movement, the former preferred by me, but the latter is used by many with quite good results. In fact I use it when writing with heavy
sleeves on the arm. I first learned to make capitals with whole arm movement, but have since found muscular, orfore arm, much better.
Small letters are best made with combined (finger and muscular) movement. However, many use finger movement almost exclu-
sively, while souie claim to use pure muscular, though I question the truth of the claim.
eiotbina *«»• the Hiabt Hrm should be thin and loose. I do my best work with my coat off and undershirt sleeve rolled up, or cut off;
though I can do decently good work with my coat on. There are those who assert that it is all a matter of habit that one can write just
;

as well with all sleeves on the arm, as off, if he but accustomed himself to it. I deny the claim, on the ground that I personally tried it
once for a year, not allowing myself to write with tlie coat off at all. My experience in this convinced me that the best work is done with
nothing to bind the arm. In fact I believe the bare arm makes the most favorable condition for doing fine work, thougli I have not
written this way for several years.
material. Use a good quality of paper; the better the surface the more satisfactory will be the writing. A good glossy black ink;
Tamblyn's is good. Fine pens, none better than Zanerian Fine Writer, though they will be found rather too fine for the beginner. For
them I recommend Spencerian No. 1 or Gillotts 604 for short time, until the touch becomes light and even. Oblique holder, by all means.
The ordinary ten-cent holder (Excelsior brand) is as good as any of the fancy ones.
nrranaement of Cessons, and Hoiv to Practice Cbetn.
The plates are numbered and should be practiced in their order. I havt en a new method of instruction on formation of letters as
shown on plates 3 and 4. This plan overcomes the long explanations us printed, and which are so far disconnected from the letter
that the student has foun il it difficult toprocure a clear conception of s wanted. I trustmy plan of connecting short, concise
instructions to tiie letters vill appeal favorably to you.
Correct Ulay to Rold the Pen.
Notice that the first finger rests on the very end of the holder, the tip of it extending over
the end. Thumb just immediately back of the metal on holder, with the first joint thrown well
out. Holder crosses second finger above root of the nail, or about the first joint. Third finger
nail rests on paper, while the fourth finger may rest on the nail or first joint. The ball of the
wrist rests on the table. The holder crosses the hand between the knuckle joint and the thumb.
This is unquestionably the best position for gaining control of the pen and making firm,
clean-cut shades.
Uow to Practice.
Use a rapid, swinging motion for capitals. Make the strokes bold and
made about as you would crack a whip. Don't fool along with a slow,
decisive, shades should be
snail-like movement. It won't produce satisfactory work. Smooth shades and fine hair lines
give to this writing its peculiar fascination. The proper intermingling of these produces what
we call harmony. Do not cross shades with hair lines if it can be avoided, but hair lines may be
crossed with sliades. Hair lines should either run parallel or cross each other at right angles. They should never cross in about the
same direction nor be allowed to run into each other. It kills harmony.

^^^,<i^<i^<:i<^.....-<d'^>t.^r?<^^rK>^?^-tT7^^^
 f^^^u^n^d^^^/iu^iUr* ^
stick to Vdur Copy. Many persons do not make a success of life for the reason that tliey do not stick at one thing long enough to
produce results. For the same reason many fail to learn penmanship. Stick to one thing till you can see some improvement. I don't,
however, advocate spending days on one exercise without change. If a letter or exercise is especially hard, devote the most of your
energy to it until a general improvement is noticeable. It is well, though, to change from one exercise to another, as in this way interest
is the better maintained.
First study the letters of tliese copies carefully, then make page after page of each. Remember that no one can make a good letter
without first knowing how it should be made, then giving it sufificient practice to train the nerves to execute the mental picture.
There is sufiBcient in this lesson to keep the average student busy an hour a day for a month.

Profesional Business Sicjnatures

195 Grand Ave. //^^>^^!^^;^^ ROCHESTER, N. Y.

t^'- -^^
Cessons in Engrossina Script for Beainners. no. One.
Bv H. W. KIBFJE, IMI Tremon r Street, Boston, Mass.
\. J
Use ink that makes a strong and black line, pen and holder which suit you. Draw two lines anywhere from one-eighth to one-
half inch apart and make these lines between them. Pay no attention to a line previously made but concentrate your thought on
the one being executed, and do not place them very close together. Use any movement you can control perfectly and as much speed
as possible. A high rate of speed is not practicable for this style of writing. Select light bristol board which is not highly finished.

Specimens Keceived.

Jasper Jay Stone, M. D., Niotaze, Kans.,

A FLrOOD
The Business Et)ucator is not only
recently favored us with a dozen designs of applicants is not turned loose on you the most beautiful of all magazines pub-
in pen drawing and flourishing, which re- when you ask us to reconiniend a coninier- lished, but also the most useful. I obtain
veal exceptional ability for one of his years, cial or shorthand teacher for your school. more benefit from one number than from
If you will state just the kind of a teacher twelve numbers of others.
and for one who is not following penman- you desire, and give us an idea of the work
ship professionally. The work is very in- Charles \vab.\sh Hansen,
'

tricate, revealing a great deal of natural you want done, we will either put you in Evanston-Chicago, III.
ability, patience and skill. touch with just such a teacher, or tell you Prin. Spencerian Business Colllege.
frankly that we are unable to do so.
We
have a number of excellent teacliers MILLS'S
available now, and shall be glad to corres-
pond with you regarding them. CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL
OF PENMANSHIP
PetersoO Teactiers* Bureau Is helping scores of ambi-
tious people to acquire a
SCOTTDALE, PA. GENTRHI TEflCIIEIIS' flGENGY fine style of penmanship at
home. We are ready to help
Teachers for all depart ts furnished
ADAMS & ROGERS, Managers, YOU also. Send stamp for
Business Colleges. Correspond: information.
Teachers should enroll now.
COLUMBUS, OHIO 195 Grand Ave . Rochester, N. Y.

^^BARNES The best shorthand textbook teaches a system which

is equal to every demand made upon it. Barries writers do
\(f
the most difficult work-Court, Convention, Medical, Phar-
maceutical Association, Legislative and Sermon reporting

OF GREAT IMPORTANCE c. P. za.ne:r By

The pupil must become
stenographer without loss
a
Is just name implies — a method of writ-
what its
of his or his teacher's time. "Arranged along pedagog- ing rapidly with the arm movement. It presents
ical lines," is what teachers appreciate most in Barnes'
Shorthand by the Sentence Method. Some teachers can Form and Movement together, and keeps them
get fairly quick results from any book by re-arranging
the work so as to make it progressive, eliminating the together. It is theory and practice combined. It
non-essential, and introducing interesting expedients
at an early stage. Anjr faithful teacher will get the is evolutionary and a
quickest possible results from Barnes' Benn Pitman
" Shorthand Lessons." No re-arranging is necessary. All
superfluous matter has been eliminated. Nothing taught
A Step in Advance of Anything Else
to be unlearned. Keeps the student interested from the
start. Recommended by practical reporters as the most in the line of correct
practical book.
learning and consequently correct writing.
"How to Become Expert in Typewriting" If you are a teacher, penman, or pupil, j-ou
need this book.
$I.r>0, $1.00. and 50c editicms. More than a treatise on Cloth bound; 112 pages 8x8 inches; about 1000
Touch Typewriting, but excels in that because:
1. The student bes^ins by writing without looking. copies, instructions accompanying each tech- ;
"Occasional glances" are unnecessary.
2. Very first word carefully chosen. "All " has only nical and descriptive analj'sis position illustra- ;

two different letters but three strokes, is an easj- combi-

nation, and employs both hands. tions anatomy; penmanship psychology, physi-
;

3. Cultivates an even touch by training the weaker

fingers first. ology, and philosophy history presented pictor- ;

4. Scientific and invariable method of fingering. ially, etc. Price $1.50 Posipaid.
5. E very-day business words selected for repeated
practice.
6. Results Highest uniform speed and accuracy.
:
A beautiful certificate furnished and signed by
It has paid others to examine our books. Probably it the author to all who follow the instructions in
would pay you. Sample pages free to teachers and school
proprietors. Special examination terms. Write us today. the book. Address,

The Arthur J. Barnes Publishing Co. ZA.N1:R <SL BLrOSER, Publishers

44-6 Century Bia^. ST. I^OVIS, MO. Columbus, Ohio
^z J^\: --^

I C^^z^-£-^7'-Cc4iL£yr^ cz^-ri^ /2cc.^-£c^,''^z.4^^?^ -«>t<^ ^A<:^,^ny^ r^^t^^;'*^- /tt?- ..-T^^-z^^^^-^-i^i-tf'-T^^^.'i^t^ C7%^- /2*€«tf*<?-z.A4<:/c£<Z^ft<,€:^«'^ir7- 1
 f^^^^u^//i^4^f^dffaiifr^ ^
LeMaster, penman in the Drake Business Special
^>r-^=^ /^-^^Srr-^., College, Jersej' City, N. J. The oval exer-
cises are among the finest we have ever "Will anyone having a copy of 'An An-
examined, but were done in blue ink or nouncement of the sadler-Rowe Com-
'

some would have been presented herewith. pany's publications, a catalogue printed in
Students' The sentences disclose free and easy arm colorssome years ago, kindly forward the
movement, none having been written slow- same to the Sadler-Rowe Co. Baltimore,
Specimens ly or scrawlingly, two estenies of which
few are able to steer clear,
Md."

s:^ Mr. R. Gillespie, Principal of the Bay City Francis B. Courtney

[Mich,] Business College, favored us with a
Splendid specimens of pennianstiip keep batch of students' specimens in business
dropping in our mailbox from the Scranton, writing, revealing good work on the part of
Hana-writlng Specialist
Pa., Business College. Someof the work has both teacher and pupils. The best work was
a professional swing and strength attained Expert Microscopic Exa of Forged
done by the following: E. Fortier, E. J.
by but few pupils under but few instructors. Bruett, and G. Xewcomb. and Questioned Writing.
The work of A. J. McDonnell, D. C. Mack
Margaret Murray, and Tierney are especial- LA CROSSE, WIS..
ly tine. Mr. I,. J. Egelston, Rutland, Vt., Business
College, favored us with some ovals of an Care F. J. Tolai
Specimens comprising ovals and senten- exceptionallv high order from one of his
ces are at hand from the pupils of Mr. C. A. students, Mr^ H. A. Matot. WEAVER'S Correspondence School of Pen-
mansMp and Drawing, Mt. Morris, Ills ,
Offers the best instructions in the various
branches of Penmanship and Drawing.
Write today for full particnlars.

Do You Teach Business Letter

Writing ?
Send at once for a copy of Sherwin Cody's
new book, " Good English Form Book in
Business Letter W^riting." You will find it
invaluable for classes in business corres-
pondence, shorthand, and typewriting. It
is a book you can conscientiously recom-
mend.
It contains nearly a hundred and fifty
simple, fresh, natural letters, written in the
best of good English. All other letter
writing books are made up of average busi-
This is the "twist " Mr. L. B.Sullivan, University School, New Orleans, gives to his complicated, too ordinary,
signature. He said it was " pure muscular", but those who know him best know that he ness letters, too
is somewhat of a joker, and consequently a good fellow as well as a good penman. too full of errors. This book was prepared
by a master of business English.
M LLS'S Correspondence
I

The Points on Good English give just

School of Penmanship We have filled
Is conceded by the leading about as much grammares a class In type-
penmen of th's country to be MANY POSITIONS writing can absorb in the short time at
the most thorough school of disposal.
its kind. You cannot do a
better thing than to send The Method of Teaching Punctuation
stamp today for full particu-
lars concerning our courses. BEST BUSINESS COLLEGES gives marvelous results in a marvelously
E. C. MILLS short time. It is something quite new.
during the past season and still
1 95 Grand Ave., Rochester, N. Y. You ought to look into it.
have PLENTY OF PLACES for
All copies fresh from the pen.
The Spelling exercise on each page con-
FIRST CLASS TEACHERS. tains just the words most often misspelled
PENMANSHIP Red ink criticisms. Complete
Dv MAIL.
u«ai instructions for every copy. in business letters. Y'ou won't need any-
bl . . No failures. Good hand guar- FREE REGISTRATION if you men-
anteed or money back. Busi-
thing on spelling beside this book.
tion this paper.
ness writing,$5 00; Or-amental, J7.00. once a manual of
Send for free circulars.
Here is a book that is at

HARMAN & ELLSWORTH, Continental Teachers' Agency, Grammar, Punctuation, Spelling, and
Bo'wlin^ Oreen. Ky> Model Letters for dictation and cop3'ing,
Strayer's Bns. CoU., PHILADELPHIA, PA.
sth and Market Sts
with a multiplicity of additional informa-
tion in notes scattered through the book.

fT ^ Never was so much of value crowded into

so short a space.
Faust's Automatic Shading Pens Are the Best Cloth, 12 mo., 75c. Sample copies to
teachers, 50c.

IVe
Comments on Mr. Cody's " Art of Writing
and Speaking the English Language":
Manufacture
'.r~E " I cannot recommend your little books
These Peas, too liighly to those who desire to secure a
Also thorough command of business English."
D. D. Mueller,
FAUST'S •
Prin. Bartlett Com. Coll., Cincinnati.
SHADING- "Your method simple, sane, and prac-
is
PEN INKS tical. I believe any teacher in the public
schools would be greatly benefited by read-
and TAUST'S ing your little books, or by attending your
classes. You have the faculty of making
PATENT things clear, and at the same time vivid
MYOGRAPH. and forcible." J.\MES F. HOSIC,
Prof, of English, Chicago Normal School.

I I " wish my school to use as many of jour

I
books as it can, as I feel that they are the
We are wholesale and retail dealers in all kinds best books to be had and entirely out of the
Cards, Card Board. Fine Inks, Oblique Holders, et class of the other language books."
fessional penmen. M. \V. CASSMORE,
We have just issued a fine, large, illusl ated catalogue. Send for it. Formerly Principal Wilson's Business
College, Seattle, Wash.
AUTO PEN &. INK MFG. CO., 40 DEARBORN ST, CHICAGO Address, School of English, 623 Opera
House Building, Chicago, IIL

I
Cf^^Cv-e^'T'Coa^g,^^ di-^n^ y^^^^^-^C^^L-A^^ -,i«>t<^ ,i^^<^^?Z'^ y^Ut^^^ C^z^ 73youUyyL^^i^6^<Z'Co<>cZy^^r^ I
 "GEMS IN LINE AND SHADE," BY C. C. CANAN. BRADFORD. PA.

^wA.r«TrBr> A well educated The Card Writer

keeping and penuifinship.
teacher of book-
Address, C:dZ^.^S^^ Writes cards at
15c. per dozen. Good
Bryant <S1 Stratton College, Anv Stvle. aii.v
competition.
Organized 12 years.
agricu!
Addr
ST. LOUIS, WO. Mt. Morris, III.
name. Fine and
sure to please. Orde r today. Educator. Columbus. Ohio.

3 The Pratt Teachers' Agency

cyj
i 70 Fifth Avenue, New York,
RecomiuciidB college and normal grradn-
I
1

3
atea, specialistB,
legrei, school*,
and other teachers
and families.
to col- THE KINSLEY COMMERCIAL TEACHERS'
3
]
The Agency receiTes many calls for com
mercial teachers from public and prirate
BUREAU AND SCHOOL EXCHANGE,
j schools, and business colleges.
WM. O. PRATT. Manager
Long Distance Telephone 245 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
I

3530 Cortlandt OPPOSITE CITY HALL PARK

FACILITIES AND EXPERIENCE and was surprised at the completeness with
which vou covered the whole terrjlory." —
Twenty com-
years' acquaintance with the Wni. Billings. Eagan School of Business,
mercial school field, ten years of it in com- Hoboken. N.J.
nicrcial and normal schools as teacher, em-
A business college principal writes :

ployer and trainer of teachers: several

" I am about to lease my school to Mr. A,
years' experience in business and profes-
through your introduction. I can sav that
sional work a membership in practically
;
the Kinsley Bureau was the only one of six
all of the commercial teachers' organiza- that could refer me to experienced teachers.
I am thoroughly convinced that if you
tions; formerly president of the Western
could not furnish the proper help no one
Penmen's Association {now National Com- else can. Thank you most heartily for your
mercial Teachers' Federation), and presi- prompt and efficient service."
dent of the New York Commercial Teach-
ers' Association, has fitted the manager of
NEARLY lOO VACANCIES
this Bureau to understand the needs of dif- to be before September 1st. We have
filled

ferent classes of schools in the dififerent calls for teachers of all grades for commer-
localities. Located as we are in the metrop- cial, normal, and public school posiiiois,

olis of the new world, we possess every at salaries to fit all kinds of ability.
opportunity to keep in touch with our con-
A LifHe Commercial Arithm^^fM^
OUR OFFICES, LOCATION,
stituents.
FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT WE BE- teacher now receivirg $800 seciins a
A
LIEVE TO BE THE BEST OF ANY $1,200 position through us. Increase $100,
less our commission of $50. leaves a net
SPECIAL BUREAU.
gain for the first year of $350. For each
SCHOOL EXCHANGE subsequent year the $400 will be net. not to
The school exchange department is figure on increase in salary. his is only I

maintained to negotiate the sale of school the financial side of the question. Often-
property and as an aid in forming partner- times a change of location restores health,
ships. A commission of five per cent, is gives more congenial surroundings and
charged for this service. Correspondence offers opportunities for improvement and
invited with those interested. advancement. The live teacher registers
"I regard your Bureau as unexcelled. with us and is ready for whatever happens.

iDON'T DELAY--WRITE TODAY.

^^^^ttf^r-^i*^^-;^ cz^'TT^ ^i^-<^<^:<i'^i^<?^ .-*<>-£.^^ ^^.'CZ'-^ty^ .^^7^..€^t^ C^^L^. 73..'U.^^i^-rzu.A^<E^^<^-cc.<>ez.'^<ry'

I
 ^i^^u^i/n^M/^/iua/iT^ ^
Cbe Success Circle Continued from its great interests, and possessing a
Page 33. mind elevated by
his tastes, his tendencies, and helped
him to find his place in life.
Inspiring reading is that in which
life-building words abound, for words
a love of wisdom
and high thoughts. To have one's
mentality stirred by the passion for
expansion, to be lifted out of the
narrow rut of ignorance and intro-
0,^^M/?W^^
Mr. and Nrs. Rineliart R. Stayer
&
are things which unconsciously en-
duced to the greatest minds of all requests the honor of your presence
time, to come into real appreciation at the marriaKe of their daughter
rich character. The image of each Mary Alverda
of art and nature, to feel the divine
helpful word held in the mind leaves to
touch of science, to be brought into Mr. Frank W. Groff
its impress, its autograph, so to Wednesday evening, July
close relationship with the entire twentieth,
speak, there, and continually repro- nineteen hundred and four,
universe, to quench one's thirst at
duces itself in uplifting thoughts. the fountain of perpetual truth, is to
at six o'clock,
Bacon said: "If I might control at their residetice,
get a glimpse of the joys of life. Woodbury, Pennsylvania.
the literature of the household, I
would guarantee the well-being of~
the church and state." It is impos-
sible to estimate the value of the
influence of any book upon a life
IT IS $3 -Married.
Wednesday. June twentv-secund,
iXineteen hundred four.
when we consider that many careers At Home
have turned upon the pivot of a after September Brst
•-'424 Walnut Ave.,
single volume. A single book has iny Tin: is
Forest Dale, Utah.
often aroused a dormant ambition, L. MADARASZ, 1281 Third Ave., New York.
awakened love for knowledge, and Mr. and Mrs. George H. Ball
yearning for growth, and has sent a announce the marriage of their daughter,
boy on the road of discovery. It has BLANK CARDS AND PAPER. Agnes Maude,
to
led to important inventions, and has Send for Samples and Price List. Mr. Elmer Hoover McCowen,
supported and buttressed a young life Good grade of Student's Pr.-ielice Paper, either Wednesday, June the twenty-second, nine-
against the infloods of a sea of vice. wide or ordinary ruling, $1.2,5 per 1(»0 sheets. teen hundred and four, at high noon,
0.\R DOZEN CARDS elegantly written Syracuse, Ohio.
It is a powerful aid toward the in my best style, 25c. Tamblyn's Glossv Black At home after August the first,
preservation and attainment of one's Ink Powder, for one pt. of fine ink, 35c. Powder nineteen hundred and four,
ideal in life to read, even if but a few for bottle of fine White Ink, 25c. Stockton. Cal.
moments each day, from great life- F. -W. TAMBCYP*.
books which have helped so many 1114 Grand Ave. KANSAS CITV. MO. Mrs. Euphemia Nelson
requests the pleasure of voiir company at
souls, even in the midst of stumbling the marriage of her daughter
blocks, to build up beautiful charac- Margaret Euphemia
ters. Even the business man or to
woman can find a little time to get a Mr. Walter Rasmu'^sen
Thursday Evening. June the Sixteenth
daily glimpse at some inspiring^ book. nineteen hundred and four
The mind is like a musical instru- at half after eight o'chick
ment—a violin for instance — which, First United Presbyterian Church
San Francisco, Cal.
no matter how excellent it may be,
requires to be put in tune every day,
GILLOTT'S PENS,
THB MOST PERFECT OF PSN8, Mr. and Mrs. George Fildes
that it may conform to the great laws HAVE GAINED THE announce the marriage of tlieii
of harmon)'. So the mind must be
attuned each day to high standards,
so there shall be no discord between
GRAND Paris Exposition, 1900.
PRIZE, daughter
Carrie Constance
to
Mr. R. Willis James
it and the great model instrument — ^tlili la the Highest Prize ever Awarded to PciUo Wednesday, August 3rd, 1904.
truth itself. Mansfield, Ohio.
At Home
There is nothing that can compare After September First
with the satisfaction of living in or 4117 Page Boulevard
being in touch with the world in all St. Louis, Mo.

SPENCERIAN
The Standard of CTCCI rti^lVIC
PAPGR.
Excellence for ^ LL.L K LlNij
I En^bossed Staf-ionery (with name of Headquarters for School Papers.
over forty years school), put up in handsome special boxes
(24 sheets and 24 envelopes;, in various Place your order for papers and note
grades and shades, sold as low as 25c a box books time to allow shipments by freight
in
and upward. direct from mills, and save 50 per cent, on
what you now pay.
Ai-tisf Penman's Paper |2.00 a ream
We can supply you with anything in the
(960 sheets); $1.90 a ream in 5 ream lots and line of writing paper.,
upward. Various qualities and shades.
Unruled, ruled and wide ruled. DESIGNS AND CUTS.
Typewriter Papers, put np in boxes, .500 We are Penmanship Headquarters, and
sheets to ream; SxlO'j 31 cts a ream and
upward ; 8x 3, 43 cts. a ream and upward.
can make drawings and engrave cuts for
Send for ire^ samples of papers. catalogues, booklets, letterheads, and all
STElNOOKAPriEBS' NOTE BOOKS. purposes.
No. 1. For Pencil, 2 cts. each in 1,000 We do general designing and engrossing.
lots: $-,i.50 a hundred. Send your data and name your price, and
No. 3. For Pen, S'i cts. each in I.OOO let us show you what we can do.
lots; $4.00 a hundred.
Size. 160 pages: 45^x9 in. Larger sizes in
proportion. We occupy the largest and best iiled 1

Send 6 cts. each (for postage) on sample studio of any engrossing estab-
Select a pen for your wriiing from books. lishment in America.
a sample card of special numbers for cor-
respondence. 12 pens for 10c. , postpaid. the: kinsi^e:y stvdio,
WM. J. KINSLEY, Manager.
SPENCERIAN PEN CO. Opposite Cily Hall Parit. 245 Broaaway, NEW YORK
349 Broadway, NEW YORK cm
I C^£:^^l^-&^ri^^tA^rx/ ex^fz^ '^oL.^-£c^'^tZ''rd -t^^.-^^^ ^^A^:zyyt^ .^^^<^t^ /^^ .^^^-z-^t^^z-.^^.iTT'ix^.*^^ C^^iu, 73.uA^^-^z-cd^€^cCcc^>cz.^<?'y'- I
 £vaticij,ir->^M> -.mcrainotdij
^^f^^&'J^P^^
tA fe ipi. J l-nil'trnai !n;<ilalioii k he mscrJ 'm\k

'
iK'oil.iiiot; fo hi r£5£iil .

pkj^ure jn6 s^cdal L-'ut of in!ataiain»j iJoii ia our twuiitLi

t ^crjcW.^J^tmfJi^lC IPOfr

attention to location of each line and spac- well to work the scroll work and back-
it is
ing between lines as well as between each ground gradually together. In striving for
BY P. W. COSTELLO, SCRANTOX, PA. letter. After all of the lettering has thus intense blackness, it is obtained by degrees
been sketched in pencil, and suggested
first by placing one wash upr>n another. The last
for the text part, outline carefully with pen part consists in applying white ink to the
This is a splendid example of pen and the large lettering, using a Soennecken pen upper and left edges of the scroll, Timotliy
brush iwork done on gra^' board. To make for the text lettering. After this you can D. S. and also to the right and lower side of
such a design, first think out and sketch begin work upon the initial T and the scroll •'Fraternal Order of Eagles," Scranton
daintily on paper the general plan and ar-
work surrounding it, using pen to outline Aerie Xo. 314," "First Anniversary," "Club
With a the latter, but nothing but the brush upon Rooms," "Aerie," "Resolved." "Ivodge,"
rangement of the specimen. the scroll work. The background should be and "EnterprisingCity," and "Committee."
medium hard, sharp pencil, sketch very put in before the scroll work is completed. Send work to the Editor for criticisms and
precisely the main lettering, giving special Unless you know your business from a to z, comment.
 f^^^Ui^/n^d^i^^/iu^i/i7^ ^
~^^iSa^

TAILORS. FURNI5NE/iS
Cesson no. 5

In this lesson you find two cuts illustrat- not look well. Select good style letters to
ing the different way a design can be made use. Make all drawings much larger, at
effective. I think both are good. One pos-
sibly more solid, the other light, delicate,
artistic. Study them carefully; how to
least three times both waj's. Always re-
ujember that a drawing will reduce both
ways. Viz., if you want a drawing to reduce
ZANERIAN
save space in designing, yet get good re- to 4 inches long by 2 inches high, better
results. A broad, spread-out design would make the original 12 inches x 6 inches.
The script copy requires special attention
and

inking.
care. Script letters are difficult.
should have a perfect pencil copy before
Use a medium hard pencil in
You
ERFECf\\
sketching script letters. This kind of let-
tering may be varied in many ways; heavy,
base, or uniform stroke as in round hand or
engraver's s.ript. This heavy bottom is
perliaps more uiodern. Try to originate an
alphabet from what you have here. To get
good script, pencil head and base lines,
usually one inch high, and small letters
one-half inch. Then rule some guide lines
to keep uniformity of slant. Be very care-
ful as to spacing, height and slant. This
latter will bother you most, so watch out.
Ll0iNT5
Let us hear from those interested in better-
ing their w^ork. Include postage for criti- WRITE RIGHT
Carge Dividends " Enclosed find $1, for which send the best Best.
all-round educational journal published —
I believe The BusixNE.ss Educator The Business Educ.\tor — to the address Enclosed find $1.00 for The Business Ed-
should be in the hands every student
of given below:" Thus writes Mr. E. H. Mc- ucator one year. It is by far the best paper
who is interested in commercial work. The Gowen, Stockton, California I have been able to find along commercial
small investment required pays the sub- lines. Homer A. WlI.st)N,
scriber 100 percent, better dividend than the VHv eo TO "Coia-KGE" —1 Care of Kowe College, Johnstown, Pa.
best securities on the market.
W. S. ASHBY, Bowling Green, Ky. J^ TO LEARN
^>
BOOK-KEEPING
With Bowling Green Business;College. _-v WHEN WILL .MAKE A
I

Bow become
xiTiNG: to
Jlrst-CIassBook-Kceper Writer; to know
DO YOU NEED a TEACHER? About a fine Artistic
y*,/ OF TOr AT VOIR OW\' all about Card Writing ;to
-so'B' HOMK in sir »eeks for S3 oi Vour learn Engrossing; or to take a
We ca SJ!' RETUIiS MONEY practical course in Lettering?
PcnmansMi) ?
Then write for niv new book
DO YOU WANT A POSITION? "How to Become a Good Pen-
rereived fro man." It's free and tells all about how vou can
We can help vou to secure one. ;OOri\ViN'. Expert .%c- learn by mail. F. W. TAMBLYN,
Write for information, »T«, l'.!1.5 Br XEIV VORK. V. V.
1114 GRAND Ave KANSAS CITY, MO.
CLICK'S TEACHERS' AGENCY
E. L. CLICK, Mgr., Concord. N. H.

CARDS ''t CARDS

LESSONS \n ^ ^ 100 M. B. Moore's printed Bird and Scroll cards. 35c

3W ENGROSSING .500 Colored or Wedding Bi-istol Cards. RIc

All orders for cards less ttian UHXisent postpaid.

SEND FOR SPECIMENS <& CIRCULARS. 3-Ply Superfine

HY. C. WA.LKER, 'W. McBEE, 19 Snyder St., AUegheny, Pa.

5S8S Vernon Ave. ST. LOUIS, MO.

THE BOOK OF THE WORLD,

H BBRGBIH III BLRIIK GflRDS. IH ITS LIHE.
I have purchased the entire salvage stock of the
Poundsford Stationery Co. of Cincinnati. O., the
result of their recent $70,000 fire. While they last Ames* Book on Forgery.
they go to first come at the following prices :
Its Detection and Ulnstration.
100 15o.
500 500. Sent bv mail, superblv bound in law sheep, for
1,000 --- - 903. $1.75 (publisher's price $3.00) Circular giving
5,000 - 80o. contents with comments by patrons and press,
10,000 700. mailed free. Address
20 000 600.
our peas, and Daniel T. Ames, Heald's Colleg:e,
Here a chance to get some of the finest cards
is try
wi'll send .\ssortni
obtainable for fine penmanship. Please state
15 popular styles, postpaid, upon receipt of 10 24 Post St., San Francisco, Cal.,
whether ladies' or gents' size is desired. Samples cents, and give you
Free, .\ddresa or, at residence, Mountain View, Cal.
A. J. STEVEMSOM. FREE > Handsome Penholder
HOWARD HUNT PEN CO., Camden, N. Advice given respecting forged
C. J,
18 LkUyelle Si. HOME CITY, OHIO. or disputed handwriting.

I
C^;^n^^<'''r£c^su,'^^ u-^n^ .^Jm.^*^:*^-^-*^?^;:^ -.*<>t.^^ £^i<i>''rt^ yt^^i^-u^ ^^^ ^ G^i^lu,^A,C4^^^^'rzu^^G£^<^c<'eZ'£^'7r
j
 f^^^u^/ie^y^if/lfu^a^fr ^
THE CHEAPEST BOOKS ARE THE BEST
HAVE YOU SEEN THESE ?
Only When They Are The Best
modern eommercial Bookkeeping,
modern eommercial Banking.
modern Commercial Penmanship,
.
$2.25
1.00
.50
0URS ARE BOTH
Ulilliams's Commercial Caw, . . 1.25
Ulilliams's Enalish Grammar, .75 If you have not bought all your Books
Clarke's Shorthand, . . . . 1.25 for next year, or if you are not FULLY
r 6raham, \

yours truly, \ Benn Pitman. '

1.50 SATISFIED with those in use, write
1 eregg, 1

for our catalog and confidential price list.

Guide to touch typewriting, . . 1.00
Shorthand Dictionary 50
new Business Speller 25
new Business Correspondence, . .25 Billed to Schools for Examination at half price.
Prices on the following supplies will
be qiioteil on re<niest.

Shorthand note Books,

Penmanship Practice Paper,
iournal and Cedger Paper,
Pens, typewriter Paper,
TtieGommerGiaiTexiBoQlGoniDaoy
Bookkeeping Blanks.
I>E:S MOINES, IOWA.
_

MB'&i^^^ <flkfCf,

'GEMS IN LINE AND SHADE," BY C. C. CANAN. BRADFORD. PA.

I
C^:C'l'^''rCt^±.^^'?^ a^^i^ ^u-^-^c^i^A.^-'r^ ^ci^<.^ ^'^L'tz^^zy^ .^y^<>%i^ /zry' ^ CZ^zz, 7^'M^il'i'>z.£^^G:^'t^c^C't!C'£ff-r.
 "Style Manual for Stenographers, Report-
er-, and Correspondents." H. Graham Pat-
terson. [Published by the author.] This
^.ir-7^^ ..ea^^ ^^=^ ^^.g^>-^
book is unique in that it has anexact repro*
'iuction of actual typewriting the entire
; Lesson.s in Wash l)rav'in<i
text-book having been prepared on the ma-
Book R.eviews chine, and plates having been made from a
reducti()nof theoriginal work. The instruc-
and Eni^rossing.
tions are pointed, clear, and authoritative. E. L. BROWN, ROCKLAND. MAINE.
;nul they are exceedingly practical. The
^ I'ook has been written by an able teacher
who is also an experienced stenographer.
"Pitiiirnrs jdvirnjil," .lovotid to -hortliati.l. It is certainly indispensable for students,
typewriting, and comniercini cdiicntioo, and exceeilingly helpful for any who have number Five.
issued by IsaRC Pitman & Sons, 31 Union to do with the matter of style of arrange-
Square, New York, is the tide of a new pub- ment and definiteness of plan in getting
lication issued in the interests of Isaac out typewritten work. This book covers Make the design about twelve inches from
Pitman sliorthand, commercial education, these topics well. and three inclies deep at center.
left to right,
etc. It is issued Tjuarterly at 25 cents a First study the form and arrangement of
year, and contains 20 patjes well printed, "The Sentence Method of Teaching Touch the fruit and leaves, then sketch the same,
well edited, and appropriately illustrated Typewriting." R. A. Grant and J. F. Grant.
lessons in shorthand, etc. We welcome the (Published by the authors.) This is a neat using a medium soft pencil. Obtain an ac-
new Journal and wish it the success it de- and attractive pamphlet in heavy paper curate drawing in pencil before attempting
serves. cover, setting forth the methods used in
Touch Typewriting, by two very able young the washes. When the pencil drawing is
"Clark's Tangible Shorthand Self-Instruc- commercial teachers. The work is not in- completed, go over the outline with a pen
tor*' is the title of a 124 page, cloth covered, tended to provide everything that should filled with color diluted in order to produce
text-book descriptive and illus^trative of be given in a course in typewriting, but is a pale outline. Erase the pencil lines with
that system. About otie-half of each page merely foundational the plan aiming to
;

is intended for practice and the other half develop careful and rapid operators to pro- ;
a soft rubber, and proceed with the washes.
for study. It is therefore l>otli a text-br)ok vide familiarity with the keyboard accord- Study the light and shade, and work quickly
and practice book. This is tlie second ing to a definite system of fingering, and
edition and seems to be a decided improve- to itisure the learning of the system of type- to prevent a spotted, muddy tone in the
ment over the tirst, especially as concerns writing known as Touch Typewriting. The values. The ability to produce clear, trans-
the bookmaker's art. Those interested in instructions are brief and pointed. The parent tones can only be acquired by the
something new in the shorthand line type is an imitation of typewritten work.
most careful persistent practice. Note the
would do well to investigate. Published The lessons are very carefully graded, and
by Frank Chadwick Clark. 323 College St., an entirely original selection of words and high and reflected lights on thefruit.and be
Springfield, Mass. phrases has been followed for practice. careful not to lose these effects in adding
Mr. R. A. Grant is himself a very superior
"The Phonographic Amanuensis," a operator on the typewriter, and he has suc- the color.
Presentation of Pitman Phonography, ceeded in preparing sonte exceptionally The original of this design was made with
more especially adapted to the use of good student operators, his work in the a pen and brush by the late A. R. Dunton,
bu-iness and other schools devoted to the Commercial Department of the Kockford
instruction and training of shorthand [III.]High School having commanded wide whose work excelledin delicacy and artistic
amanuenses. By Jerome B. Howard, and favorable attention. We are sure that finish, and the piece can be studied with
with a Prefatory note by Beun Pitman, this book will meet the approval of a large beneficial results.
published by the Phonographic Institute number of practical teachers.
Co., Cincinnati. (). In this book position
writing and the principles of abbrevi- "Commercial Correspondence." Carl L.
ation are taught concurrently with the Altmaier. ^The Macmillan Co.) In large subject of Contracts b.v Mail and by Tele-
elements of the system. It consists of open type, covering 204 pages, the latest gram. Some important excerpts from the
tifty-nine carefully-graded lessons, each candidate for honor among the text-books U. S. Postal Guide, together with clear in-
designed to constitute the work of a single- on Commercial Correspondence, conies to structions, are given near the close of the
school day. Outlines of the words are nur desk with an editorial introduction by book, and it has a fairly- good index. This
given in the first lesson; sentences are Doctor Cheesman A. Herrick, Editor of book will be considered too long by some
given in the eighth lesson phrases appear
; Macmillan's Commercial Series. This book commercial teachers in private schools and
in the fifteenth lesson business letters are
; is much the most instructive text-book by those in the high schools who have not
written in the twenty-second and sub- that we have seen on this subject. It is yet learned the importance of the subject;
sequent lessons. concise, yet clear in instruction, audit has but by all who have a proper conception of
The work is a model of the book-makers' numerous problems for the pupil to work this subject, it will be regarded as a very
art,bound in cloth, 216 pages, beautifully out in the form of letters, following explicit welcome addition to commercial text-books.
printed, technically perfect in engraving, directions which accompany each problem.
and large type. It is a delight to the eye as There are 108 of these exercises, besides the
well as a source of inspiration and satisfac- instruction. The script model* are in the
tion to the student. It is a pleasure to re- well-known style of H. W. Flickinger, while
BEST FOR THE WIZARD IMP.
view such a work, and Benn Pitman Phono- formal notes were written by Charlton
tlie F. B. Courtney ^as no superior as an all-
graphy will certainly receive renewed im- Howe, whose work in THE EDUCATOR has round penman his card writing is particu-
;

petus by the publication of this book. Price often been admired. larly dainty and beautiful. This is what he
$1.00 One of the most practical and interesting says about our blank cards :

features of the book is its several exercises "Your assortment of cards is excellent.
Taquigrafia Fonetica Gregg-Pani. Adap- in copying from rough draft, as in civil ser- The colored ones especially are unique and
tacion del Sistema Gregg a la lengua cas- vice examinations there are admirable
;
catchy. The quality adds tone to the writ-
tellana por Camilo E. Pani. Published by instructions for handling correspondence ing. You deserve a large sale and I believe
The Gregg Publishing Co., Chicago, 111., by filing an excellent chapter on the com-
;
you will have it when writers generally
England and Mexico. The book contains 84 position of the letter bringing in illus- know that they can secure the best in the
pages, fine paper, excellent printing, cov- trations of incorrect letters corrected. It is market from you."
ered in cloth and boards. Every word from commonly admitted that letters requesting
cover to cover is Spanish with Gregg Short- Engrlisli Bristol, 13 colors, per 1000 90c
the payment of money are among the most
hand interspersed. The text seemstohave dfficult to write satisfactorily, extended Norway Wedding Bristol, White, I «i tc
?Ji5
been written on the typewriter with the drill is given in the writing of this class of
per 1000 --- ;
shorthand notes inscribed thereon, and the letters, a valuable chapter on the circular
Sample 100, assorted, hy mall 2Sc
whole photo-engraved, making the book letters is included, and a most interesting
unusually neat and practical. This. book
is but a further evidence of the enterprise
and instructive section of the book has to F. s. he:a.th,
do with the sending of telegraphic and so DITHKLEE ST. COBCORD, H. H.
of The Gregg Publishing Co.. and we con- cable messages.
gratulate them upon the step taken, pre- An original feature for a book on Corres- BEST FOR YOU
dicting muchsuccess in the new countries pondence is that setting forth in detail the
in which this will be taught.
 t^^3Bud/n^d^<SfUu^i^/fr^ ^
THOU SHALT NOT STEAL ANIMALS, BIBD 3 AKI) INSECTS,
A spelling book, called " Modern Business Speller," has just been put
CESSON VI on the market. The "author," although a teacher in a religious school,
41 II Ka tor. a liirgi- replile li«ing in ctick Cy, a l,i,"J tb.^t derives its name has evidently not heard of the Ten Commandments, for his book was
water or on land ,:. <,.r;„.
f.'or.i
mainly copied from our popular text-book, Practical Spelling, copy-
fcee tie, an insert iln;;:i i- .:,>. I'V. a camel wjtb one
righted in 1889, 1897, and 1902. The imitation was announced to the pub-
.',',"J"J',-

ea ^le, .'I rapacious bird of the falcon licJuly 10th, 1904, in a letter mailed broadcast to commercial teachers.
tai- i-a.-., ' •• '
' •
1
ii.al.
The publishers claim to have produced " Something New Something —
eat irinl Ui; .v-u;. ,l...e ul a e one of the largest animals
1!: fl liliaiit.
Cxood." They say that"" all errors are wholly eliminated," and that they
mollj oriiuuerflv now in esi.Ieiice.

e&n tl pfd, 1 a wingless insert liav- faivn. a vounp Jeer

have made a " perfect speller."
efntipede, ( log roany(T^eg^"^ ter ret, an annual of tbe weasel fam- Next
book his eyes began to roll,
o'er his
Cham ois, ishatn nj> ), a species of ily, of all he stole. -Pope.
In pleasing memory
antelope, ntiij' g-0, a bird liaving lun^ Icg-a
ftii
There are in this compilation thirty-nine headings to lessons in which
ehrys a lU (kris }. the early sUiteof an.i n-i k.

certain insects, e:i lafie , an African quadruped wuh

words are classified according to their meaning, and thirty-one of them
click roach, a troublesome insect loii^ neck and forelegs. '^ were taken from our book. Thirty-seven of these lessons (we have not
with along budv and flat wiiig^. eltiw Morni. an inject emilting a had time to compare others) were copied almost word for word, with very
eo an ob! u;.- • ;i [lie
Cljljn', .
; li
green light.
slight changes, if any, in words or definitions, and the words are arranged
Biltn-orm li.-s ;:. : ' Lie. ffiiat (iiati, a small insect with lancet-
erick' el, an iu, .i «.! nung like stings.
^^ in the same order as in our text. Even the type (which we had made to
Dote. fruld finch, a beautiful singing bird. order) has been copied.
erde' O dile, a large reptile. *o ril' la, a large Alrican monkey.'^ To show what a remarkable genius the " author " of this new text-book
is, we have photo-engraved two of his lessons, underlining the words that

are the same, and in identically the same order as are the words in our
text-book. He did take the liberty to change two words "feet" to — MODERN BUSIN ESS SPELLER
" " in the definition of " centiped," blundering by so doing, and in
ie^s
LESSO N XIX
lesson 19 he has used the word "caret" for "carat," and says it is a
ARITH METIC
" weight of four grains." He has also changed "the" in our book to
a mount eum total. max nium, highest degree.
" a " in his definition of " minuend." , i

a rith- rue tic, Ibf -lenre of numbers. meag' lire, estimated extent or
Where the caret (not a " weight of four grains") used in the engrav- is ba SiS.foii.,.l,il:.ii. li.' iii-l principle.

ing, it indicates that our definition has been condensed, but not otherwise (fri?b-i- - min i mum, smallest ^uantitv

min ri f[l(tfd>iuniber from »\liicli :in-

changed. This condensing process has not been in the interest of the !'
ili^ II. -r,- i t..'n figures. otlier is to be subtracted.
learner; for illustration, " giraffe " is defined as an animal with long neck til \i -.vn, ,
: ':ng into parts. nu mei' a tion, tbe a^t of number-
and forelegs (a most wonderful animal indeed), he (the " author," not the dul i;ir, a .iM..-r or Eold com: 100

animal with four legs) having carelessly, or ignorantly, omitted the word ouTTtitv. treasure, anronnt.
one-eight li of an ounce. Apothe- quo tient (-stiei'.n, tbe number ot-
" long " in our definition, describing the kind of forelegs which this par- (i I'i 111,

carv'3 weieht. tained from dividing one number by

ticular animal possesses. Words have also been transposed in a few ol f\ im I'le, a sample, pattern or copy. another,

the definitions. The author did treat "our best thoughts as gypsies do tr^C tiou. a P'Htion. recip ro cal. the quotient iirisint; from
gain, profit; to acquire, dividing unity bv any quantity.
stolen children, disfigure them to make 'em pass for their own."
eras-*, twelve dozen; coarse. r^ck on, to compute.
A man who will deliberately steal from the book of another publisher iti snr ance, a evslera of protection re main' der, balance; leftover.
almost the entire copy for his book, must be short on brains or long on againet loss of life or property. scale, basis for a numeral system.

cussedness — or both.
That so much of the contents of our book has been stolen, might be
regarded as a compliment to the merits of it, but we do not appreciate this kind of commendation, from such a source.
We do not believe that any honorable teacher will encourage such wholesale theft in bookmaking, by using the stolen goods. Besides,
the genuine is always understood to be superior to an imitation.
There are a few important features in our book that this fellow failed to appropriate— he did not copy the beautiful quotations, nor
give the parts of speech. In defining a word, it makes a great deal of difference whether it is used as a noun, an adjective, or a verb ;

for instance, this " Modern " bookmaker defines expedient as " advisable," ignoring the various definitions of the same word used as a —
noiin. Cordial he defines as " hearty, affectionate," forgetting that it is also something that comforts, gladdens, etc. Peer, he says, is —
—
" a nobleman," but peer also means to look narrowly, or curiously, etc.
The name from the title of another spelling book, and the plan of having the student look
of this plagiarized production was taken
up the meaning of certain words was copied from the same book, while the review idsa was stolen from the book of another publisher.
The fact of the matter is, to quote Abraham Lincoln, " The good things are not original, and the original things (of which there are
mighty few) are not good."
The principal merit claimed for this " Modern " book is cheapness. Stolen goods, offered for sale, are always cheap.
The " author " says it was far from his intention to copy from our text-book in any way, which reminds us of
A tailor, though of upright dealing,
"
True but for lying, honest but for stealing." —
This matter is now in the hands of attorneys, and we expect to maintain our rights, not only against the publishers for infringement
of copyright, but also against all users of their publication.
Whoso is partner with a thief hateth his own soul. ^Prow. XXIX, S4.

The Practical Text Book (Company

479 Euclicl A.venvie. Cleveland, Ohio

I ^^^^n.'-e-^r-CL.d.d^'T-^ a.-->z^ ^3tt-,^t^:<:i-i4-^''7^ -«>«-<^ ^^^i^ci^'TZy^ ,^^^u.-i>%c^ /^-y >' C^^L£. 73^cc.d'C^ri.£.d-i}^^^€:^^t<^-C'<X'^^^^ I
 f^^^uJ//i^M^^/iu:a^r* ^
ESTERBROOK'S NEW PENS KS: ;8f
MODIFIED SLANT OR
"MEDIAL" WRITERS.
IS MY SPECIALTY 702 Slightly Elastic
your nnine on doz. cards for 15c.
ill '
1
MONG PENMEN
A pack of samples and terms
stamp. Agents wanted.
100 blank cards 16 colors, 15c. postpaid. 1,00)
to agen
A there is a demand for a pen that is adopted to the Modified
Slant or "Medial" Writing, to combine increased speed with the legibility of
the Vertical. To meet this we present our Modified Slant Pens. Tliese Pens
are made from the highest grade steel and are finished with the same care that
blank cards bv express, $1.00. 1 bottle black,
elossy ink. Wc. 1 bottle white ink, I6c. 1 obHrjue has made Esterbrook Pens the Standard for nearly half a century.
pen holder, 10c. MT. A. BODE.
27lh St., S. S., Pittsburg,. Pa. THE ESTERBROOK STEEL PEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
26 John Street, New.;York. Works, Camden, N. J.

WTE ARE LEADERS in the

line of high grade DIPLOMAS and ^^^>-
CERTIFICATES for schools and col-
leges. Our designs cannot be excelled
in harmony and artistic beauty. Di-
/?£p/?OD(yc^^) //V /7/?sr ciass sr/iE by
plomas furnished out complete, filled
or in blank form. Catalogue, showing
the finest line of stock Diplomas on the
market, mailed free. Resolutions En-
grossed—Catalogues Illustrated.
HOWARD <a BROWN.
Rockland. Maine.

3U6-350 0£A/PSO/f/V ST/?££r

'^i^/^^a^/- — "

FINEST PENMANSHIP SVPPLrlES OBTAINABLE.

I goods listed below we pay postage on those that go by mail and purchaser pays carriage charges on those that go by express or freight. Of
course the cheapest way is to order in fair sized quantities and have them go by freight.

PENS AND HOLDERS. BY MAIL, PREPAID. CARDS, INK. PAPER, ETC.

Zanerian Fine Writer Pen—The best Gilhtt's Lithographic Pen No. 290 Blank Carc/s— White bristol with Zanerian Pen. Pencil, and PaintinS
and finest fine writinc pen made—^best —One of the finest pointed drawing penmanship.
finest surface for fine Pad. and Portfolio, for sketching,
for engrossing, card writing and all fine pens made. 6 pens 25c. 3 pens 15c 100 by mail postpaid 28c drawing, and water color painting.
script work. Gross |1. 00. >i gross 25c. 500 by express Contains 40 sheets for $ .40
Cilhtis Crow Quill Pen No. 659- 7.5c
By mail 20 cents extra -
1 dozen 12c 1000 by express. $1.35 --. .60
Very tine points. 6 pens 25c, 3 pens -

- 15c
Zanerian Ideal Pen— One of the best Zanerian India Ink— A fine drawing
pens made for general penwork — busi- Soennecken Lettering Pen — For Black Cards— Best made for vhite ink and best for preparing script and
ness or ornamental. One of the best making German Text, Old English, and drawings for photo-engraVing.
pens for beginners in penmanship. all broad pen letters. Set of 12— num- 100 by mail postpaid 28c bottle by mail, postpaid
bers 1. IV2, 2, 2^4, 3. S'A, 4, 5 and 6
I
$
Gross 75c, K gross 25c. 1 dozen 10c .500 by express --- 75c 1 dozen bottles by express 3.00
single pointed and 10, 20 and 30 double 1000 by express $1.35
pointed-- 25c
Zanerian Medial Pen—A high-grade Arnold's Japan Ink— Nearly 14 pint
medium, extra smooth pen for business White Cardboard— V/edding Bristol bottle by mail postpaid $ .40
writing. None better, just right for for finepen work. Sheets are 22x28. I pint by express 45
students and accountants. Gross 75c, quart by express .75
6 sheets by express $ .60 1

K gross - 25c Zanerian Oblique Penholder— Hand- 12 sheets by express - I.OO

made, rosewood. 12 inches long, a 2 sheets by mail postpaid --- .50 White Ink— Very fine.
Zanerian Business Pen— A smooth, beautiful and perfect holder. 1 holder
bottle by mail, postpaid $ .25
durable,common sense business pen. -- 50c
I

For unshaded business writing, it has White Cardboard— V/ith hard finish, 12 bottles by express 1.85
never been excelled, if equaled. Gross Fine Art Oblique Holder —
ln\a\d much like ledger paper. Sheets are
T5c, '* gross 25c. 1 dozen 10c and fancy, hand-made, rosewood, and 20;ix23. Writing Paper— Finest 13 lb. paper
by far the most beautiful holder made. 6 sheets by express $ .40 nad. 960
'
-„. sheets per ream, ruling wide
.

I holder sent in a small wooden box, by express $2.25

GiUott's Principality No. 1 Pen— •-- -
12 sheets by express ,70 I

$1.00
fine writing pen. Gross |l.OO, % gross 3 sheets by mail, postpaid 50
25c, 1 dozen 12c
Excelsior Oblique Holder— The best
Writing Paper —
Same quality as
above mentioned but 10 lb. per ream.
ow-priced oblique holder made. Many Black Cardboard— Finest for white 1 ream by express --
GiUott's Double Elastic E. F. No. $2.00
ink. Sheets are 22x28.
604 Pen — A medium fine writing pen.
Gross 75c, H gross 25c, dozen 10c 6 sheets by express $ .,50
1

12 sheets by express -. .75 Practice Paper— Best for the money

y*- gross --. 1.10 2 sheets by mail, postpaid 50 to be had. 1 ream by express $1.50
GiUott's Magnu % gross 2.15
601 Pen— A busim $1.00.
Send stamp for samples of paper.
5
1 gross 4.25
% gross 25c, d Wedding Paper — Finest for penman-
1

Straight Penholder — Cork tipped ship or drawing. Sheets are 21x33. Envelopes —
GiUott's No. 303 E. F. Pen— Used and best for business writing, flourish- 6 sheets by express $ .50 100 fine blue by mail, postpaid--. $ .40
largely for drawing purposes. Gross ing, etc. 1 holder 10c, 6 holders 40c, 12 12 sheets by express .70 100 fine white by mail, postpaid--- .40
$1.00, H gross 25c. 1 dozen 12c holders-.- - 65c 3 sheets by mail, postpaid - .50 1000 either kind, by express 1.50

We handle the best and < 1 save you money. Cash must accompany all orders. Prices are too low to keep accounts.
ey order, or stamps for small amounts.

Aadt-ess, ZANCR m. BLrOSER. COLrVMBVS, OHIO.

I Cfi:€'2/-i,^~ioa.e^r^ a-^nW 73e.c-^'£t.^i'A^--i^ .-i^^<ji£. i>A<i^-n^^ ^T^-trzc^ /ttt ^->5-2.^'»z,^5,<7>2,«,-tc.^ C%i 73M.,^,0'>^.iA^£e6t.t.yC<l.i<r7'
To Get Down
Let us
to Business
the attention of commercial teachers to the following list of com-
call
mercial publications,which are tried and true, and have not been found wanting.

Competition Between Publishers

Has one good result ;

guish between the superior and the inferior. ::::::

it permits teachers to make comparisons, and to distin-

Just Now is the Time

When thoughtful and energetic teachers are considering ways and means
all

their schools.

The Budget Systems

:::::::::
for bettering their courses of study for the coming school year, and in this
way increasing the value of their instruction and of the financial returns of

of Bookkeeping
Have increased the tuition fees of many a school. They permit the ofi&ce man
to exhibit to' the prospective student the subject matter of the course; they
interest the student every day he is in attendance to the end of his course.
He talks about the Budget work to his friends and acquaintances the best —
—
kind of advertising and after he leaves school he finds that he has been prac-
tically prepared to do the work of the bookkeeper and oflSce man, which is
after all the thing of main importance to him and to the school. : :

We Now Pumisti Two BHiiiel 5gstenis--EliHef One Will Give Tlioroiiali Saiislaclloii

The Oommercial Arithnmetic a.ncl E^ssentials of

A.t*ithmeiic« are of national reputation. Their sales are increasing
annually, because, they were prepared by business men, who know the re-
quirements of the counting room and ofl&ce. : : : : :

Richa.rclson*s Commercia.! Lraw* just a plain, practical,

E^a.mest*s
: :::::::
simple statement of the laws of business that is really within the comprehen-
sion of every student, and yet covers the ground completely for all practical
purposes. :

E^n^lisH'Corresponclence. Any teacher

who has had trouble in teaching English should see this book. It produces
results in the hands of any intelligent teacher. : : : :

Ne'w Rapid. SHortHctncl. There are other systems, but New

Rapid is superior in
teach, legible as print,
as the fastest. ::::::::
many
and
respects to the best.
is
It is easy to learn, easy to
written entirely from principle, and is as speedy

of the master
man's papers

Our business is
all to pieces. :::::::
Lrlster^s Budget of Writing Lressons* prepared by one
—
penmen who is a master teacher beats the lessons in the pen-

with teachers, and not with students. Onljr conimuaications from the former will
receive attention. Full information wilt be sent by addressing,

SADLrE:R-ROWE: CO. Baltimore, Md.

WWA^e^ersou
 f^^3Bu,i/u^d^(^^/iu^i^ ^

C^::^.-tA^^'riU<du.'r^ tz-^z^ ^cc-^-^c<d^-i.£''r^ -^^-t^:^ Z^^KZ-o'Z.^ .^Uy&t.<^ /^'^ ' C7%^ 73,cc^i.t^'>^.^4d^G^'t.o<^CL^<r7'.
 M^^u^in^u^£^^fu^ai7- ^
276 POSITIONS
School Were reported
1st, and
to us to be tilled between February 1st and September
all but about a dozen of them were reported directly by the
school officials themselves,— a hint as to confidence in our ability to

Advertising render effective service.

I^ARGE SAI^ARIES
Have been received by many of our teachers, arul many more could
I am School Advertisino;
in tlie have had such positions if they had been enrolled with us We have
not had a sinple really first class candidate lexcepting in one or two
business. For more than ten years insraiices where age was a handicap) who was even fair in penman-
1 have made a specialty of the ship, and who understood shorthand and typewriting, as well as the
other commercial branches, but that we have been able to place at
business of interesting young what ten years ago would have been thought incr. dibly good salar-
people in educational work. ies We have found fine positions for
5 Teachers at from $1,000 to $-,100
Ifyou are in the school busi- 5
" *'
1. 100 to 1.200
" "
ness, 1 want von (o send tor a copy 6 1,200 to 1,300
6 •* 1.300 to 1.400
of my "I Will" Folder. It con- 3 " "
*

1,400 upward
tains information in regard to
And we have had to admit our inabilify to take care of a score or
the service I olTer. It will inter- more of first-cinss vacancies because we had not the proper material,
est vou. It's Free. and we would not knowingly name imperfectly-prei>ared teachers
for these pla-es. — iilthouKh same of our second class and even
third-class teactters have been so placed by other iigencies with
which they were also enrolled. At first this seems fortunate for the
second-class teacher, if not for the school ana the students, but
Catalogues, Booklets, Ads, Follow-up observe th- sequel - we have placed a half dozen teachers at greatly
incr<*ased aalaiies in schools where these misfits had gone but from
Systems Designed, Written. Printed; which they hnd to be dropped because of incompetency. Without
enrollment fee or olhei charge, we shall be glad to place your name
right placing and distribution advised. on our list ready for an emergency ca'l representing a reasonable
step up the ladder, either in salary or in working conditions, or in
both. Are you practicing for vourself what you preach to your
studen s if yon procrastinate? There is no to-morrow. "Do It Now."

C. C. RCARICK Blanks and Prospectus for three two-cent stamps

Address, E, E. GAYLORD, Manager

School-Advertising Speciilist,

Masonic temple, CHICAGO, ILL. Ttie llatioiial CoinmerGlai Teactiers' HgenGy.

PROSPECT HILL, BEVERLY, MASS.

The Vnusual Demand We

Have Had This Fall For
\^ ULLY justifies us in making a
number emphatic statements.
of
Lryor&s* Among these First, that they are
:

Co tn txi e rc ia. 1 the most satisfactory books published

Lra."%v on these subjects from the standpoint
of both teacher and pupil. Second,
Mo<iem that they are now the most widely
Commerclakl used books on these subjects. If you
Arithmetic are not using them you are not giving
your pupils the best you can.
Modern Let us take up with you the con-

Business sideration of the use of these books.

Speller Address,

Complete Touch
Type-writing
POWERS
Instructor
ana
®, LYONS
Dictation Studies Chicago NeMr York.

I C^Z'^-O'^ri^^sLeyr^ ^'^z^ ^<.c-^-£c^i-£-'T^ -'Ci^^^-^ /?s4.<«^?c-^ y^^.<^^^ /^""^ y'>o%^^m.,'Cc'^r>Z'<,^z^ <:7%-£. /2i«:*rf«<>'i-it4i^c£^«^6<:.<::<«<^^
 f^^^u^/n^^iuUui^ii^ ^
r- ^ ^^
NOW READY A Business Speller
One Hundred Lessons in English. A comprehensive little Book on
Spelling, 120 pages of words most
^HIS, the latest addition to the Packard series of frequentlj- seen in business corre-
\^ text-books, has been prepared with a special spondence. Divided into lessons
view to the requirements of commercial
schools and is intended to provide students, in the
of fifty words each. Several les-
;

shortest time possible, with those essentials of sons of words pronounced alike,
practical English required in business intercourse. but spelled differently. Just the
Besides other important matters, it covers in a thing for the school room. Sample
manner not heretofore presented, the subject of
spelling, punctuation, and English syntax, and
copy sent postpaid for 25 cents.
atTords a course in letter-writing, not only in con-
formity with the best usage of the present day,
l>ut remarkable for its simplicity, uniformity, and Business Letter Writing
definiteness.
A unique feature of the book, and one especially One of the neatest and brightest
valuable to commercial and shorthand schools, littleworks on Commercial Cor-
where new students are constantly entering, is the respondence. Unlike anything
peculiar arrangement of the matter, by which a else published. Write for sample
student may begin at any point, proceed to the end
of the book, return to Lesson I, and stop at the
pages. Single copy sent postpaid
point of beginning, without any sacrifice whatever. for fifty cents.
The book contains 41fi pages, beautifully printed
on gdod paper, and is handsomely and substan- Other books published are " Musselman's Prac-
tiall>- bound in cloth. tical Bookkeeping," "High School Bookkeeping,"
"Commercial Law," "Commercial Arithmetic."
A sample copjr of One Hundred Lessons in Eng'Iish
ill be mailed to any teacher or school officer, for e.x-
uiiuHtion, on receipt of fiftj- cents.
Try a Box of Musselman's Perfection Pens, J5 cents.
^COKRESPONDENCK INVITED
S. S. PACKARD, Publisher, D. L. Musselman Publishing Co.
lOI CAST 23t-d STREET, NEW YORK QVINCY, ILLINOIS.
^ -.^

DELIGHTED! So Say all Teachers of Shorthand who have Examined the New Book,

The Phonographic Amanuensis,

A Presentation of Pitman Phonography, More Especially Adapted to the Use of Business and Other Schools Devoted
to the Instruction and Training of Shorthand Amanuenses.

By JEROME B. HOWARD.
\\ith a Prefatory Note by BENN PITMAN.
I am deliglited with it; will use it tlii^ fall. .V. C Fclkcr, Piiiuipal Comnitiiinl J^cpnrliiient, Throop fns/iftite,
Ptjsatit'tuiy California.
Our teachers have examined the "Phonographic Amanuensis" carefully, and are delighted with it.
J, C. Olsoji,
President Parsatis's Business College, Parsons, Kansas.
I am simply charmed with the "Amanuensis."" Mrs Ae7/ .1/. French, Polyteclinic High School, Oaklaini, Cal.
I am delighted with the "Phonographic Amanuensis." It will enable the pupil to acquire greater working
])ower in a shorter time. —
Jl/innie Harris, Mobile High Seliooi, Mobile, Ala.

I aiu charmed witit the '* Phonograjihic Amanuensis." It will present the subject in an easier and more
delightful manner than has ever been done before. M. E. Miltikan, Principal Millikan Business College,
Lexington, A'v.
I hmdreds of others.

Cloth, $1.00. Examination copy will be sent for forty cents to any teacher who will write
mentioning the school with which he is connected.

THE PHONOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE COMPANY, CINCINNATI, O.

I
C^:^'7''~e.''rCLdl.£y?^ ^--^z^ ^ct^-^-^c^d-^A.^^'Ttf ^^c^^-c^S ^^.^tZ-'T'T^^ •^^^-^'^^ /^^^ ' C^%A /2*€<i*<?Z^<:i<:^(£^Z^fr«^-*<s?^^Vr- I
 ^^^3Su^'n^^(^i(/iu^f^(fr* ^

f SEVERN YEARS AGO sr

There were not more than twenty schools using

Gre:gg Shorthand
Today more than half the schools in the United States and Canada teaching Shorthand
are usinjj fJREtii; SHORTHAND.
*»r«^g Shorthand taught and practically used wherever the English lang-
is
uage is spoken. We receive constantly orders from England, New Zealand, Australia,
South Africa, the West Indies, Japan, and other foreign countries. We have recently issued
a Spanish edition of GREfit; SHORTHAND — " GreggPani ", which is already arousing a
tremendous interest in Spanish shorthand. The fame of GICKGG Shorthami is world-wide.

Wi)i)

PREPARING GREGG PUBLICATIONS FOR SHIPJIE.NT.

Up liaic iicier jet receiied an order for Grefm' shorthand that hhs iiui <lni)li-
cated — nianjr tiiiies. One order for our books ala-aj-s means another — and more.
The force of the argument is irresistable — orders do not come twice for a thing that
is not satisfactory, nor do they grow unless it is immenseJ,r satisfactory.
There must be something inherently strong in a system that reaches such wide-
spread popularity — and there is: It must effectively accomplish the purpose for which it is
intended — and GREGG SHORTHAND does.
We should like to put in the hands of every progressive school manager and teacher
a copy of our booklet "About Gregg Shorthand." A postal card will bring it. If you are
not interested it will arouse an interest to your advantage; if you are interested, it will
be valuable in pointing out the way to conviction.

THE GREGG PUBLISHING COMPANY

CHICAGO

J
^:;dj~£^rCc^i^c-^J oy^i^ ^ct-^^t.^/!^-^J -'C</<-££. ^/i,c?^>L'/& 'U^€^t^ ^^ir?- ^>^^ C^^^i^z, 73^t4^.t^yt.£^i^ £^^c^,c<...o€i.£tf^y' I
 f^^3Bud/n^M^dfU^liS^ ^

ISAAC PITMAN'S
SHORTHAND
Enjoys a Larger Sale Than All Other
Systems Combined.

TX7E have pleasure in announcing an event of con-

* * siderable interest and importance in Shorthand his-
tory, namely, the fact that the "Phonographic Teacher"
has now readied its Third Million. It need hardly V>e
said that no other shorthand text-book which has ever
made its appearance lias had a circulation anywliere
approaching this remarkable total. A few bibliographi-
cal notes about the "Teacher" will not be without in-
terest. Between 1844 and 1857 three popular presentations
of Phonography were successively presented under dif-
ferent names. These had together reached a circulation
of a quarter of a million, when in the year I808 it was
decided that the sixpenny work should in future be known
as the "Phonographic Teacher," a title which has been
preserved from that time to the present day, although, of
course, the book has been several times, and down to a
quite recent date, re-written and produced in improved
form, while the shorthand characters have been very fre-
quently re-engraved. For a good many years nobody
thought of beginning the study of Pitman's Shorthand
except through the medium of the "Teacher," but since
the Twentieth Century "Instructor" was introduced, the
public has shown a very remarkable preference for taking
up the study of Isaac Pitman's Shorthand through the
medium of a work containing the complete system.

Send for copy of " Reasons Why "

Write for a sample copy of Pifman's Journal. An American Magazine

for Isaac Pitman Teachers and Writers.

ISAAC PITMAN S" SONS, Publishers

W UNION SO^^ARE (West) NEW YORK
-^— There is a greater demand for first-class Isaac Pitman teachers to fill positions in schools using or
'^ .

about to adopt the system than we can supply.

j C^:i'^A-e^r£<^i.^.-r^ a^oz^ ^'Cc^-£€'!i''^he^Txf ^ik^*-,^ i'^z.ct^n^^& ,j^.<^z^ /^^^ ^ C^hi.73.toif^^T.4.!l^d:^.<,i-f>cl^trr

|
 COLUMBUS. O.. OCTOBER. 1904.

THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR. =\

f^
Entered at Colu

Subscriptions, Clubs,
Published Monthly [except July and Aui:usti. by
Zaner 6; Bloser. lis N. Hiph St.. Columbus. O.. as
follows: Teachers' Professional Edition. $1,(X» a
Vp:jr IForeicn Subscriptions 30 cents extra); Stud-
and Comn^ents.
Penmanship Edition. 65 cents a year, (Foreien
Subscriptii ; 20 (
%=
C. P. Zaner. Columbus, O. Ediioi
E. E. Gaylord. Beverly. Ma; - Associate Editor During the summer season, commonly calfed the dull time for
E. W. Bloser, Columbus. O. Business Manager subscriptions, we were agreeably surprised by the number of dollars that
Address all conimunicatio to Zaner & Bloser,
kept dropping in our office throughSam's fingers for monthly
Uncle
Columbus, O., except those ating to the depart-
ments. which may be sent to . Gaylord. visits of The Business Educator. The "Pike" at St. Louis didn't
catch the dollars in circulation.
all
Two Editions. 1 Ed II ator
published in two editi The Profes- Then there were clubs big, little, and numerous.
; In fact more
sional Edition contair or more pages, 16 of
which are conducted le Department plan and clubs were received during August than came our way in September
specially suited to the of teachers, principals. but a few years since.
;
;
Besides, promises of a most encouraging nature
and proprietors. Colo itle paee. Price $1.00 a
yea were received concerning what we might expect this fall and winter
32
from our loyal and increasing number of friends.
en pages devoted to the Departments Comments cordial and complimentary were mailed us from all
of Commercial Teaching. This edition is specially
suited to students in Commercial. Public and sections relative to our June and September numbers, and announce-
Private schools, and contains all of the Penmanship,
Engrossing, Pen Art, and Lesson features in the ments therein concerning our plans and improvements. The year starts
Professional Edition. Price 65 cents a year. off with a most encouraging outlook for The Business Educator in
Change of Address. If you change your ad- particular, and business education in general.
dress, be sure to notify us promptly lin advance, if
possible), and be careful to give the old as well as
the new address. We
lose many papers each issue '-%
through negligence on the part of subscribers. ff'-
Back Numbers cannot, as a rule, be supplied.
Postmasters are not allowed to forward journals
unless postage is sent to them for that purpose.

The Business Educator is devoted tt

All for Sixty=five Cents.
gressive and practical interests of Busine: Educ ,

tion and Penmanship. A journal whose mission

to dignify, popularize, and improve the work
V:
newest and neediest education. It purposes
inspire and instruct both pupil and teacher, and Just think of it, penmanship from the pens of Doner, Currier,
further tlie interests of those engaged in the woi
in private as well as in public institutions of ba Hudson, Mills, Courtney, and Tamblyn portraiture
; from Costello
ness education. Roundhand from Kible; Engrossing from Costello, Wygal, and Brown;
Rates to Teachers, Agents, and Club Brushwork from Brown; Illustrating from Scribner; and miscellaneous
l^aisers sent upon application. Write for them specimens from the world's most skillful, all and even more for sixty-five
whether y ou are in a position to send few or many
Sample copies furnished to secure
3ns. cents. Thornburgh's page aloneis worth that in each number, to say
subscriptii
ring that The Business Educator is nothing of the many
other surprises from month to month.
high grade in every particular: that progressive, What else can mean so much to a young man or woman ? Where
practical lessons in penmanship are a distinctive
feature of the magazine; that departments of inter- else can you get so much of high grade skill and inspiration ? See that
est and helpfulness in subjects relating to Business
Education are found only in The Business Edu- each and every student under your charge secures the benefit of this
cator, you will readily see that it is not only high-grade, low-priced offering. Write for special club rates.
the best but the cheapest, when quality, character
and quantity are considered. • And for but thirty-five cents extra you can get about 176 extra pages
relating to Commercial Geograph}', Btisiness Correspondence, Business
Advertising R.ates furnished upon application.
The Business Educator being the highest grade Practice, Practical Mathematics, Commercial Law, Typewriting, History of
journal of its class, is purchased and read by the
most intelligent and well-to-do among those inter- Penmen and Business Educators, etc., and containing Convention Reports,
ested in business education and penmanship, in the Programs, Announcements, News Notes, Catalog Comment, School
United States, Canada, England, and nearly every
country on the globe. It circulates, not alone among News, and last but not least, Mr. Gaylord's timely, intellectual editorials.
business college proprietors, teachers, and pupils,
but also among principals of commercial depart- As a professional man, either school proprietor or principal, or teacher
ments of High Schools, Colleges and Religious can you afford to miss even one number containing material so helpful
Schools, as well as among oflice workers, home
students, etc. and stimulating, no where else to be secured at any price.
 f^^^Uii/n^d4^^/lfu^iiSr' ^
t "^
Certificate for Proficiency in Penmansliip.
^ -J
Penmanship Proficiencv. let us work together. good WRITING IN DE.MAND.
This is unquestionably the day and In August of the present year, a
The certificate for proficiency in age of co-operation. People are '
young man qualified as a policy en-
penmanship, which The Business pooling their interests and energies grosser applied to about forty com-
Educator is now offering, is arous- as they have never done before. If panies for a position, writing his
ing a great deal of interest and en- this is trueand good of other things, letters in a professional hand. Out
why not equalh" true of penmanship ? of the lot he was offered outright
thusiasm. Why? Because it is now
Let us visit monthly each and every three positions at good figures to
very generally recognized that Co- begin
pupil under your charge. By such ; received ten encouraging
lumbus is headquarters for penman- visits we can aid you in doing these answers and a dozen other replies.
;

ship, and that anything issued there- three things: arousing and main- Another person even better in pen-
from in the form of certificates stand taining interest and enthusiasm in manship applied to the same list of
for "excellence" —
for merit. For penmanship, improving the hand- companies using a type written letter
these reasons our certificate is now writing of each, and certifying to and enclosed specimens, but received
sought and prized as is no other. excellence thus acquired. By so less than half the number of favor-
Something more than the price asked doing, your pupils, your school, and able replies, or replies of any sort.
yourself are benefitted, and each In 1888, when Cleveland and Harri-
for engrossing is required to secure it. son were candidates for the presi-
receives due credit on the certificate.
Good writing alone can purchase it. dency, ye editor and a friend formed
Neither rapid and merely legible good works and faith. a partnership to manufacture cam-
writing on the one hand, nor slow, The following letter voices so well paign badges. The former wrote to
labored writing on the other hand the sentiments expressed in hun- Cleveland for his autograph, and the
can secure these certificates. The dreds of others received in the office latter, who was an ordinary penman,
writing must be good in form and of The Business Educator that we wrote to Harrison for his. Cleveland
free in movement to receive our give it entire. "By their works ye sent about twenty autographs, but
shall know them. By no other
' Harrison failed to reply. \e editor
stamp of approval. then said, "I'll bet fine penmanship
standard do we care to be judged.
If this is th(^ kind of writing you
We believe in good writing and busi- will bring it," and then wrote Harri-
stand for, let us help you to attain it ness education, and we are earnestly son as he had Cleveland. The auto-
on the part of j-our pupils. Do as endeavoring to make them the inher-
'
graphs came without delay.
many are doing. Put The Business itance of every young man and wo- Examples of this kind showing the
Educator in with the supplies of man. Let us aid you in the good influence of good penmanship are of
each and every pupil. Grant no work, for, as Mr. Caskey has said, everyday occurrance. No wonder our
your success is our success, and Certificate is in demand. Those who
diploma for bookkeeping or short-
vice versa. win it will be in demand, also.
hand until a student has won The
Here is the letter: worth STRIVING FOR.
Business Educator certificate in
Business writing. The Elliott commercial Schools, " I would like to secure the certifi-
Wheeling, \V. Va., Aug. 31, ISKM. cate signed by you. I think it is worth
\VH.\T SOME .\RE DOINti. Zaner & Blo.ser, striving for." This is a sample of
Mr. W. S. Seyler, Secretary of the Coliimlius, Ohio,
Gentlenien -- I aui in receipt of a letter
:
what young people (and some older
Hazelton, Pa., Business College, from you, stating that you wish to make ones, too) are writing us daily from
makes this proposition to his pupils: this the "banner year" for THE BUSINESS all parts of the country.
" If you will subscribe for The Busi- Educator. You have my promise that I Now and then some one who does
wiil do the best possible, at this end of the
line, to make it a success, for my experience not know us writes" This is a speci-
ness Educator, I will pay for the
:

certificate when you have earned it,

of the past year has lead me to believe tliat men of my writing. I want that cer-
your success is my success. I haveobtained tificate. hope you can give it.
I I
or I will pay for the paper if you will better results in our school work along all
lines than heretofore, and our work in pen- will send the fifty cents as socn as I <
pay for the certificate." As a conse- tiianship has been especially good. This we hear from you."' Too frequently the
quence five-sixths of the pupils pre- attribute in a large degree to the interest writing is poor. It is needless to' add
ferred to pay for The Business Edu- created by the monthly arrival of The
Business Educator. that thus far no certificates have been
cator letting Mr. Seyler pay for the I hope to be able at a very early date to granted. They must be earned not
certificate when the pupil's writing is submit some specimens of penmansliip f rom bought. If we were in the selling
worthy of it. students now in school, as evidence of the
above statements We believe we are get- business, we could get $50.00 instead
Furthermore, no student is granted ting results excelled by none, and we be- of 50c for a document with our name
a diploma in Bookkeeping or Short- lieve, too, tltat the credit is not all due to signed thereto.
hand until he secures The Business ourselves. The subject matter of The A person recently wrote, "I sup-
Business Educator is such that each
Educator certificate. In this way he student who reads it. not only becomes ported last year
believes he will have little or no enthusiastic, but is made more determined but found they gave their certifi'cate
trouble in arousing interest, main- and is generally imbued with a spirit and
desire to accomplish something worthy of for the fifty cents instead of for im-
taining enthusiasm, and securing his best efforts. provement and excellence in penman-
practical results in business writing. It is our intention to m^ke The BUSINESS ship. This year you may expect my
Why ? Because he has virtually Educator more than ever, a factor of our support. I know what it will take to
work the coming year. It has proved itself
placed his students in the hands of in the past and we have faith in its future. win in Columbus."
the leading instructors of writing in Wishing you the success you deserve, and Good penmanship is the purchas-
the profession. assuring you of nur loyal support, I am.
Fraternally yours, ing price in Columbus for certificates
Whv not do the same ? J. F. CASKEY. signed by ye editor.
 PROGRESSIVE
LESSONS IN Business Pcnmansl^ip
•isor of Writ- Work for criticism
the Beverly, sliould be mailed
to Mr. Doner by
Mass., Public fifth ofeach
Scliools, month.

The lessons from which you have practiced in the September issue served to lay a good foundation for arm movement writing. By
this time you ought to have finger motion broken up and a fairly good arm movement established. From my experience in learning and
in teaching penmanship, I consider movement a most important factor in learning to write. Without it you can hope to do very little.
Of course mental drill, which means using the mind in studying the form, is not to be overlooked. Without a mental pictureof what you
wish to make, your progress would indeed be greatly hindered. Let the mind dictate wiiat the hand should do and improvement is
certain.
In this course, I have given all the small letters before taking up the capitals. To my mind it is greatly to one's advantage to
practice thoroughly on the small letters. In order that this might be done I have given these letters first, and in variety as to spacing
long beginning and ending strokes, etc. In everyday writing we make many more small letters than we do capitals.
It is my purpose to be rational in presenting this Course, the object being that the most good may be done to all those who follow it
to the end.
Penmanship is a very interesting and certainly profitable study, when you put your soul into it. I get a great deal of pleasure from
it. In writing these copies, which is by no means easy work, new and interesting points have come to me, and my labors have been and
are one continuous round of pleasure. Say to yourself that this will be pleasant work and it will be. How much more interest we take in
anything we are doing when that thing is pleasing and profitable to us. The story of the boy comes to mind, who, beingtold by his father
tothrowabig pile of small stones down over the bank into the creek. Labor beyond measure, thought the boy. Whereupon his father told
him that he would give him a penny for every time he would hit the old can on the stick in the middle of the stream. Work now ceased
to be labor but became a pleasure. Say to yourself that you will win out in learning to write a good, legible style of penmanship by
following this course. By this strong determination, you will find the load to be much lighter. If you are a young manor young
woman who has special difSculties in learning to "'*'> '"* ...«. i, <...,- frr,.^ ,.r.,, i ,-ar,r,nt pi-r.,.,iao ,-r,,, ,.,,,^ii ti.no hut norhana T may he
able to help you a little. I take a great deal of plea-..u niltli iit, '^ >mt )ne «ho itthesTmetmi tr ^t li li limstlf

'i2m^y

'l^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^:^^^i^^'^^.^^^.J^^^'^^-^-,^:^^^:^'^^^^^^^^'^^^^

Plate 6 — To establish the right movement for small letters I know no better exercises than the ones in this plate. You can readily
see how nicely they devel.)p into the small ri and n, etc. Make them rapidly. The count may be of similar nature as given in the in-
structions in le<so!i 1. t)b~erve. pr:ictice faithfully and per-istently, and observe again. Learn to criticise your own efforts.
io *^^3^u^/neU^^/iu^i^ ^
Plate 7 —We now begin practice on the small letters. Spacing should be wide between downward strokes in lities 1 and 2. This is
for thepurpose of giving strength of movement in gliding the pen across the page. Notice that the spacing in the letters « and n is
narrow. Make the spacing this way or you will have difficulty later on. Count, glide 1-2 glide, for u and n, and, glide 1-2-3 glide, for m.
.Same kind of count when letters are joined.

-O 77-
Plate 8- Count for ir the same as for/ij, pausing the pen at the dot. Observe how the dot is made. Count, 1-2-3 glide, for a, pausing
the pen as you finish saying 3. This stop admits of a firm downward stroke. Count, 1 glide or 1-2 glide, for o. Make the letter
quickly,
stop the pen as you close it at the top, then glide with a firm movement to the right. In joining these letters glide rapidly between
them.

Plate 9— Joining letters, as given in this plate, is a splendid discipline. Keep the weight off of the right arm and glide the pen
freely between the letters. A few simple words naturally follow. Be sure to finish these words and all of the letters with a graceful
right curve. A poorly made end stroke spoils the whole exercise or word. Watch it.
 M^^uJ^i^d^£<f/^i^af/- ^
Plate 10 — Here area few gymnastic exercises, especially the first four lines. Retrace the elliptical exercise six or eight times, then,
without raising the pen, glide to the right and join five or six letters. This provides a splendid drill. I am in favor of a great deal of wide
spacing between letters as given in lines 5 and 6. Spacing in the letters should be narrow. Bring downward strokes firmly to the line,
then glide freely to the right. Observe this, please.

y^ /v/ /^/^ /^/z/7 //^/A^/lJ.- CZ-^/Vy /z//z//zy/AZ

^^ C'fC <^^6^ (^57/^/ (^^^'fCf 6^/i^ofCfC 6fl^f^'/'Cf

3o -303 3o3o 3o3o3 ^o3o3o 3o3o3o3 3o3o3o3o

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^7 4^> f/^^ ^//f^ ^oC/y-/ ^/^yC^/i^ ':^/yi7^>/f3

Plate 11— Writing figures in columns ought to receive a great deal of attention. We all need this kind of drill, especially book-
keepers. If you think you need more practice on figures go back to lesson 1. Figures are just as important as writing and they sliould
never be slighted in your practice. I shall give figures, in one form or other, in almost every lesson. (Criticisms on page 34).

Professional Business 5i(3natures

195 Grand Xvt.. /U^-C^<!L^^7~\ Rochester, N. Y.

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P^i„J„ii>JiJUJ>i
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lessons in Practical IDriting

TKENTON.N.J
Rider-Moore
and Stuart
School of
Business.

" ' M. ,
„..... ,„.
,

'..'. "•'.'.':".'.'
. '.:.. , _., . ., .,^,_. ;.

Figures - Plate X.
Some people underestimate tlie value of figures. Figures usually mean a great deal. The first requisite is legibility: then speed.
Avoid large characters with coarse lines, as neatness adds to their legibility and is a particularly important quality. It cannot be too
highly considered. A light, quick, tirm touch produces the best.
The movement exercise should be three to the space. Make figure 1 the standard for height then compare the others. Finish lightly
on the line. 7 and 9 project below base line.

/////////// ///////////// / — — — / / / —/—/—/—/ — / — /—/—

^^ ^ j-^ /-A ^ ^ zj ^ ^ ^/u^ ,lA /J. /U / -U/ ^/^ /U^ /^/i^//L///^/^//i/

/O //

/7 7777777 777 77 777 77^^77777^77777777777777

Plate XI.

The figure is a '3 taller than the I and should have begin riing straight with base iie.iHy closed.
(i Begi 1 S like the 'J. Some incorrectly
iiake it the other way, almost invariably open at the t.ip. ll.ive Ijoth parts of figures touch.

^r/f/r/^/r/r/r/r/r/r/r/r V^ rf rf rf rf rfr'fr^frff^

^kj? ^S"^^ ^^^^^-^ / ^ /^ /^ /K_$ /k3 /y^ /k3 /^-^ /^^ /^ /

/ .^ y ^^^ /^.^ /^^ y^.^ / ^j:r/L^ /trT

^J'^-J -^^3 eTL^^^^L^ •JtTiJ '^5'kJ' ^jy\^ e5^^i^~>-^i^rv5 Ls'

Hlate XII.

These figures were made with the paper reversed so as to have three characters to the space. This will reduce the size. Be sure to
have units under units and so on in order that adding may be facilitated. This is imperative if you wish to be accurate. Clean-cut lines
make them pleasing in appearance.
E.xercises 2 to 7 ought to be quite small with characters close to dividing line. The dollar sign needs much practice. Make straight
lines first ciiicl aim to keep the s small.
Plate XIII.

The e.xercises in line 1 are an excellent drill to get a light elastic movement. The O shoul|dbe made freely without pause. You should
make at least sixteen O's and A 's to the line. Capital A has a straight— or nearly straight— up stroke.
Plate XIU.
These letters are nearly the same at the base. Both require a free movement with down strokes well curved. At this point let us
consider what has been accomplished. You ought to have a fair movement if you have been attentive to instructions. Are ^-ou making
many lines of each copy and repeating the same error time after time? In order to acquire skill rapidly the perceptive faculties must be
trained as the muscles. Study letters carefully learn to see in all their details before putting the pen on the paper. t_>ne cannot make
;

what the mind does not conceive. In other words, know what you want to do then go at it deliberately.
Review the rolling exercises in Plate 1. The B requires a free arm movement. With both E and C keep the base small, neatly
closed. Ill practicing words be careful about having small letters of uniform height and slant.
 f^^^ud/n^U^dfii^a/i7^ ^
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 9^^^»^W>'!!OTW^^'^?«^^'^'^^^^^^J|gJ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Practical Business IDriting

— — ^zr— "^f-iV

Cls Ctpplieb to Business ^c'^ms

MK-^ I FMIRI KKWKTIN XllHFF

One of the intensely interesting features of penmanship is tliat one can combine with the study, (considering it from an artistic and
theoretical view), a knowledge of other educational matters. It is my purpose in giving these advanced lessons, to introduce a series of
commercial papers, a subject that I feel is very essential to every one connected in any way with business life. In the June issue three
different notes were taken, and in the September issue, three drafts were presented.
Our first plate this niontii deals with indorsements. As you know, these are placed lapon the back instead of the face of the paper,
usually the first is placed about one half inch from the top. The blank indorsement, simply the name, is most common. In writing the
Order and Receipt, note position of words, size, slant and spacing of letters. Usually printed forms are used for notes, drafts and receipts.

INDORSEMENT.'^

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 f^^^u^ii^d^i^dfu^/ir/- ^
Sermonets or Supplementary Copies by Trancis B. <?ourtti«y. Comment by C P. Zaner.

Energy, general qualification, and skill in penmanship are the three safe, sure stepping stones to prosperous positions. N
energy alone, not intelligence alone, not skill alone, but all combined make for success. Skill in writing is the product of
telligent energy, therefore good writing means intelligence, energy, and skill, the three factors so necessary to advancement.

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f-7-^c.-&.<:<:>C'C^^^

Everybody admires good penmanship. It is an art that the humblest citizen as well as the most learned can and does
appreciate. It i« perhaps the most beautiful, when well executed, of any of our useful arts. It serves the double purpose of
pleasing and earning. It is thereby doubly valuable, being at one and the same time accomplishment and necessity. Its cost
is a few months time and effort, its value is a life's service in beauty and business.

Economy is uut uiily the uiuther of wealth, important and true as it is, but it is also the mother of just appreciation and re-
live value of essentials and non-essentials, of wants and needs, of gloss and gold, of true or false living. Economy leads to
reful discrimination between good and poor, true and apparent worth, character and reputation, water and whisky, food
imulants, luxury and dissipation.
 ^^^^u^n^d^&Ziu^i^iT* ^
Reduce Keep in mind these facts : commercial Arithmetic, (topic to be an-
«.- «s,»
tne Size
thearm muscles of child- nounced,) J. W. Moore, Cambridge, Mass.
r n j
eraduallv
""^^ ^^^ more fully de- A courteous and urgent invitation is
veloped than those of the given to all teachers, whether public or
fingers finger movement is the pro-
; private school workers, as -well as all inter-
duct of premature teaching of writ- ested persons, to attend the sessions.
ing and immature fingers gripping ;

accompanies pencil pressure; finger

movement and gripping are the Cbe Business Educator Presents the
stumbling blocks to the teaching and Best.
educational to expect children to ex-
acquisition of a free, arm movement. ecute words the letters of which the
Two things need to be and can be I used the course of business writing
child does not know by sight, sound, lessons in The BUSINESS Educator given
done. The first is to allow the children or name. by Mr. Leamypart of the time in my class
to write large enough to use the arm in- The word and the sentence method last 3*ear. and was very much pleased with
stead of the fingers. By so doingthe3' are failures and fads as concerns the result. In fact I think that course is the
will be training the large muscles, writing, and do more harm than good. best that I have ever seen presented any
which, in time, will be able to write They are already being abandoned in where, and I got a great deal of help frorii
small enough for lesson usage. The many communities. tlieother departments of your paper.
second thing is to abandon all small As I was for several years assistant libra-
There is but one true way to teach rian in the Commercial Museum in Phila-
writing until the large muscles can be writing and that is by the form and delphia and so had a chance to go into Com-
trained down to small writing. This movement method, beginning with mercial Geography quite extensively from
can be done during the primary years. exercises, principles, and simple an economic and practical point of view, 1
By beginning with large writing the letters, and gradually introducing am in a position to appreciate t lie fine papers
arm" movement will be used and train- words containing the letters prev- which have been given by Mr. Carpenter
ed from the start, and with each iously studied, practiced, and ac-
on that subject. I believe that the only
successive year the skill acquired way in which we, as commercial teachers,
quired. From the "simple to the can keep up to date is by the use of means
through practice and growth will be complex" is the old, old rule, and the
such that writing may be reduced such as your paper puts into our hands.
ever new and true because it is I wish you every success during the coming
gradually until it becomes normal in scientific. jear. ALFRED HiGGINS.
size. The excessive finger movement The so-called "new" education Prin. Titusville Business College, Titus-
will be a thing of the past, and e.\- simply used penmanship as a cat's ville,Pa.
cessive practice on movement ex- paw to pull language chestnuts from
ercises toovercome it unnecessary. the fire. It cared nothing for the harm Partial Contents of tbe Ceaebers' Pro-
With each year's additional skill in done to writing or the children, just fessional Edition.
the right direction — in the direction so they could develop a species of
of free, graceful, practical, business- smartness in other things. Let pen-
like writing —
will come confidence
Associ.-\.TE Editor's Page.
men generally denounce this un-
and joy where we now find dis- educational scheme and fad, and it Commercial Geography, by Frank
couragement and cramped, labored will soon be a thing of the past. O. Carpenter, Boston.
writing. Under such circumstances
the teacher and supervisor can secure BisiNESs Correspondence, Carl
practical results, where they are now Lewis Altmaier, Drexel Institute,
blocked by the habits of gripping and
new England Higb School Commercial
Ceaebers' nssoeiation. Philadelphia.
excessive finger movement — the
legitimate offspring of inmiaturity on above Business Practice, J. M. Davis,
The second annual meeting of the
the part of children, prematurity on and Heald's Business College, San
organization will be held October 21 '.'2,

the part of teaching writing, and Xew

1904, at the Hillhouse High School, Francisco.
imbecilitj' on the part of educators for
Haven, Conn.
advocating the same. Practical IMathematics, W. E.
The.teaching of child- The program on Friday evening, October
unscientific 21, in.ludes addresses by Mayor John P. White, Gem City Business College,
^^^^ *« ^"''^ ^J ^he
as well as Studley, President Hadley, of Yale Univer- Quincy, 111.
tt^^M..^,t-.^^^t sentence, word, or
""*""*»*'*"" sity, and Superintendent of Schools, F. H.
thought method, is un- CoMMERCi.AL Law, W. H. Whigam,
Beede, of New Haven. Mr. Beede will speak
scientific as well as uneducational.
on " TheBusiness Spirit in School Work." Metropolitan Business College,
It is unscientific because it requires
children to write words and even On Saturday, October 22, occurs the busi- Chicago.
ness meeting and addresses as follows:
sentences before they know all of the Typewriting by Miss Stella Smith,
letters by sound, much less by sight. GENERAI. TOPICS.
The manner in which the child Simmons College, Boston.
blunders and butchers the forms is a
" How can we train a student's personal-
ity ?" Carlos B. Ellis, Springfield, Mass.
Typewriter Field Notes.
sight to behold. It is unscientific be-
cause it presupposes that a whole "Argument for a strict requirement and The March of the Pedagogues.
word is more easily comprehended high standard for passing in public school
than a letter. This is true only as commercial work," E. S. Colton, Lowell, History of Platt Rogers Spencer,
concerns the mental concept of facts, Mass. A. H. Hinman, Worcester, Mass.
SPECIAL TOPICS.
and has nothing to do with the
concept of form. A letter is simpler Bookkeeping, "Argument in favor of in- The Future of Commercial
than a word in which it may appear, ter-communicatioii business practice in Schools, Committee Report at St.
and may be comprehended, acquired, New England higli schools, with a sug- Louis.
and executed more quickly and gested plan," E. E. Gaylord, Beverly, Mass.
technically. Negative argument, G. \V. Williams, Mel- News Notes .\nd Notices.
It isuneducational because of these rose, Mass.
INTERE.STING NeWS ItE.MS.
things, and also because it has been Stenography, " The value of Shorthand in
thought and taught that children the high school," Emma E. Thrasher, School and Professional.
could learn more by laboriously ex- Springfield. Mass.
pressing thought with the pen, than Commercial Law, " Its content, how Hymene.\l
by expressing themselves easily and taught, and its relation to the community,"
quickly with the tongue. It is un- A. T. Swift. Providence, R. I. CATALOGS and ClRCUL.ARS.
 ^^^3^ud/n^U/iu^/iu:a/ir' ^
We do not be- tuition of his prospective commer-
Cbe Renaissance lieve ornamental iI^S:i=fc_^
cial teacher if he would take special
o' writing: worth work under Madarasz for a short time,
Ornamental Ulriting while for the but Madarasz was luxuriating in the
student who is surf on the Maine coast, so this
to go into business. In and of itself, teacher was not able at that special
we think it has but small value to time to get what he wanted.
offer for the time it requires to ac- He did
the best he could, however, elsewhere.
quire real skill in the art. But the
commercial teacher who neglects or-
We note that a very great majority
Agencies riif\-turii rr-Tetfull\- t') of the most promising and financiallj'
namental writing entirely, in defer- .^

their lists of available teachers, to successful of the younger commercial

ence to the doctrines that have been
find that in the majority of cases they teachers who are skillful writers, are
somewhat strenuously dictated for a graduates of an Ohio special school
decade or two, in certain quarters, is
must name those who are only fair
business writers, or else they must of penmanship, which we attended
likely to regret his course.
Some
of the most successful schools assume that the ability to write, — in 1890, to our inestimable financial

in the land are sending out letters to like charity, — covers a multitude of benefit because of the opportunities
opened to us by the results of that
prospective students signed for the sins of omission, regarding other'
principal by the professional penman. commercial subjects. summer's instruction and practice.
Beautiful shades and graceful curves In circumstances like
Money invested in a course in this
Scholarship school, by those who have obtained a
and hair lines not only have not lost these, one finds him-
start in some of the many commercial
their power to fascinate, but they '" a self pitving those un-
Sorry Pligbt schools or by home study and prac-
are having a revival of their old-time fortunate men of broad tice from such lessons as are appear-
sway, modified, of course, by the scholarship and thor- ing in this magazine, will pav divi-
demand for the preservation of a ough technical training for commer-
cial teaching, who cannot write well.
dends so large as to make the get-
sensible balance.
rich-quick schemes look insignificant.
Not to name the older chiefs of the We recall a university graduate, a We know, and, if you keep your eyes
chirographic clan, practically every man of the finest qualities, at this open, you know that we are giving
one of whom is doing well, — if he moment eagerly watching the mails you sound and valuable advice.
can get results,— it may be instruc- for some tidings of success from the
tive to say that the following teachers letters of application he has sent out,
are receivingfrom $1000 to $1500, and at the other end of the line sshool Our Cypcwritind Department.
chiefly because of their exceptional officials are writing, " We thought he Those who are in touch with affairs
ability to write with skill O. T. :
was just the man for us until we saw of the typewriter need not be told
Johnson, L. E. Stacy, P. H. Landers, his writing. We do not expect a man that we have obtained one of the
A. T. Scoville, E. A. Cast, D. S. Hill, to be an expert penman to hold this foremost typewriting teachers, if not
W. J. McCarty, L. B. Sullivan, E. O. position, but we could not hire this the very foremost, for our new de-
Folsom, R. A. Grant, E. S. Chapman, man, for his writing would make him partment.
R. W. Ballentine, J. E. Leamy, C. E. the laughing-stock of the students." Miss Smith, who has been at the
Doner, E. G. Brandt,— and we might Another, a splendidly-trained com- head of the typewriting department
name a score more. mercial man, with very successful of the Eagan School, Hoboken, N. J.,
We know of two or three school experience, was offered a position by for several years, has demonstrated
managers who spent the summer wire, at a handsome salary, and his by her work that she has exceptional
skirmishing for a really good teacher letter of inquiry killed the whole ability as a teacher in general and as
of commercial subjects who could thing because he did not write a a typewriting teacher in particular.
also handle business and ornamental professional business hand. Her address and demonstration at
writing; not that they expected him As we write, four broadly-trained the Brooklyn convention of the E. C.
to teach shaded writing — they posi- men, first-class in commercial sub- T. A. placed her at once right at the
tively would not permit that — but jects, men of proved ability as teach- front, a position she has since held.
because they want the advertising ers, are anxiously waiting for an Thrown on her own resources in
value that comes from sending out opening; and it so happens that four early life, Miss Smith has made her
such work. At this moment we know school managers of the first rank are own way. She knows what it is to
of three positions paying from $1200 telegraphing in very desperation for struggle for a place in the ranks of
to $1500 each, where a good commer- men of their qualifications who can the world's workers. Almost from
cial teacher able to do really fine write -well. Unfortunately the four girlhood she has learned various
work in business and ornamental anxious men are not of this class. forms of useful activity by plunging
writing would be hailed with exclam- The result is calamitous for all con- into that activity— a year in a hos-
ations of joy, for he has been sought cerned. pital, a period in theatrical work, then
as for a pearl of great price, but he Every commercial shorthand and a wide sampling of
has not been found. Cbe Hemedv teacher, especially various kinds of office work, chiefly
If ornamental writ- every one who may to get first-hand knowledge of the
Business Ulritina ing is desirable as desire promotion financially — and conditions under which subsequent
Indispensable a qualification for who does not? — should keep himself pupils would have to work; extended
a commercial in practice at least in business writ- travel, intense study, private instruc-
teacher, what shall be said of busi- ing. Those who are able to handle tion, and finally regular school work.
ness writing? Certainly our experi- ornamental work should rub the dust Miss Smith began with thirty stu-
ence during recent months convinces off of their oblique holders and go dents five years ago in Hoboken, and
us that it is indispensable. Over and through their paces now and then. last year handled about four hundred.
over again comes the request, to ever)' Young aspirants for professional She now goes to Simmons College,
Teachers' Agency, " Can you send us place and emolument should put Boston, the newest great woman's
a teacher of bookkeeping, penman- writing in a very prominent position school in New England, an institu-
ship, and the other commercial on their program of preparation. tion where Miss Smith will have free
branches ? " and every day brings the Teachers who recognize their weak- play and a large field for the exercise
order, " Send us the names of two or ness in writing should plan to spend of her skill, knowledge, and sympathy.
three men who can handle bookkeep- a summer under a tried master of Those who follow her work in these
ing and the allied subjects. They penmanship. columns may be sure of something
must bejZ/v;/^ in penmanship." Then We know of one New England practical as well as pleasing, some-
how is it with the managers of the school man who agreed to pay the thing helpful as well as interesting.

z-£Z-^^2-^z;^^
 f^^^^u^in^U^dfiaiifir* ^
to-day none are used but salt and a
few chemicals used in cooking. Salt
is rather a tonic or medicine than a
food. It is neither a tissue food nor
DEPARTJIENT OF a heat giver. The chemicals used in
cooking mostly disappear in the pro-
vlommercial (Scograpt^y cess.
Man's food is, therefore, vegetable
and animal, mostlj- vegetable. Mill-
Frank O. Carpenter ions of people in the world live on
Thf Editor of this Department may lie wlitrensed directly at tlie
plant food almost entirely.
Eimlish High Schuot, Boston, Mass.. but communications requiring a Without granting the claims of
reply must in all cases enclose return postage to insure attention.
vegetarians, the following points
seem-to be scientifically true and are
worth careful consideration by all.
First. The eating of meat and fish
Toods. is a habit, a bad habit, which began
In Arctic regions where men work
little except to get food, they live thousands of years ago when man
The great commercial staples should could not get enough plant food to
be studied in the order of their im- almost entirely on animal food (most-
ly heat food), and can eat and digest eat. The use, however, for so many
portance to man. centuries has now become racial in
T/it' first need of ma7i is food.
such things as tallow, seal, blubber,
It is
etc.
many parts of the world and men in
a need that never ceases with his life, those regions need some meat food
and all great human activities, In temperate climates where men to keep in good health.
whether military, as wars, or indus- work hard, they eat animal and plant
food that contains both heat and Second. It is undoubtedly a fact
trial, as building railroads, etc., de- that few diseases arise from eating
pend for their success on the abund- tissue food in fairlv equal proportion.
In tropical lands, men work little plant food, and equally true that
ance of the food supplies and the many of the most troublesome and
distance from centres of production and the climate is hot, therefore men
eat little meat and live largely on fatal ones that distress mankind are
or supply, even in the most civilized directly due to eating me^t. Persons
regions of the world. fruits and other plant food (mostly
tissue food.) interested are referred to ph^'siologies
To gather the necessary food ma- and medical testimony in proof of
terials and prepare them for use This is a natural and instinctive
this.
requires the constant daily labor of choice of mankind, but it is scientif-
ically right. These facts are of value
Third. That plant food possesses
at least three quarters of the people all the food elements needed to keep
of the world. It is estimated that in Commercial Geography to show the body in a healthy condition.
mankind is never more than a month the needs of men of different lands,
Fourth. That people who eat plant
ahead of starvation. That is, if the and what markets they can furnish
for our surplus products. food entirely are as strong, intelli-
food supplies of the world were gent and able as those who eat meat
equally distributed over the world, Where man can get his food easily
he is usually slow, lazy, ignorant, and vegetable foods.
and production should stop, every- VEGET.ABLE FOOD.
body would starve to death in less stupid. Where he has to work hard
than two months. In savage com- for it, he i§ active, industrious, intel- Vegetable food is of two kinds
munities, the man with much food is ligent, quick-brained. As food is the A. That which grows or ripens
the rich man. With some exceptions, first need, so the hunt for it is the above the surface of the earth, as
food can be kept only a short time first trainer or educating influence, cereals, fruits, nuts, and
and must be eaten at once and a new and man's brain and mind develop B. That which grows below the
supplvbe sought for the morrow. >So under the necessity of getting his surface of the earth, as potatoes,
that from a commercial and indus- living. This intelligence, trained beets, peanuts, etc.
trial standpoint, food is the most first on food getting, is soon devoted It is interesting to note that most
important thing to man, and deserves to improving the clothing, houses, of the plant foods of class A
can be
first consideration. domestic conditions, methods of eaten uncooked as taken from the
hunting, transportation, etc. After plant, and that most of class B are
USES OF FOOD. the bodily needs are satisfied, the not proper food until cooked in some
mental, artistic, and religious needs way.
Food serves the need of the human develop, for man's mind and soul XoTE—Beans and peas though growing
body in two ways: develop with his constructive skill, above the surface are an exception to this
a. As a food to restore or repair and so all the factors and benefits of rule aFid need to be cooked.
the wasted tissues worn out in civilization are the direct result of Of all classes of vegetable food the ~
bodily or mental work. man's struggle for food,— a true most important one is the group of
b. As a fuel, to keep the body at evolution of effort. C(vr(?/j — wheat, corn, oats, rye,
the proper warmth to permit the barley, buckwheat, rice and millet —
organs to perform their duties. CL.4SSES OF FOODS. eight in all.
The chief chemical constituents of Foods or food materials belong to These are all the seeds of grass
food are : all three of the kingdoms of nature: plants which have been tested and
'1. Proteids —nitrogen compounds mineral, vegetable, animal. developed by man. The entire earth
_—" tissue builders." All kinds of Mankind under the stress of hunger has been explored in late years to
animal food except fats and milk. has tried probably every plant that find additional foods but not a single
2. Carbo-hydrates — carbon com- grows in the earth; every animal, bird, new cereal has been discovered.
pounds which burn in the body as or fish that lives upon it, and all the Ancient man was an expert in food
fuel in a furnace— " force givers." mineral substances that commonly study
3. Fats — animal and vegetable oils are found on the surface, in the hope Wheat is the most important of all
— "heat givers." to find food to keep himself alive. and is the only continuous food crop
4. Water in varying amounts. In the course of his investigations, grown. That is, there is no month
5. Minerals in small quantities. he has found that many things yield in the year that wheat is not being
Complete foods must contain both valuable food, some are useless, and planted in one part of the world or
tissue and heat food materials, as: a few are dangerous because when reaped in another. In the United
Wheat, composed of gluten (tissue eaten they cause illness or death. States, Russia, India, Austria, Argen-
food) and starch (fuel food.) These man learns to let alone and tine, Egypt, in every way known to
Beef, composed of albumin (tissue calls poisonous. These lessons were man, from the rude methods and
food) and fat (heat food.) Sugar so well learned ages ago that man instruments of ancient times to the
and starch give muscle energy. of to-day can add little to the world's latest devices of our western wheat
Work or action means bodilv waste store of food except to increase the fields, this perpetual harvest of wheat
which must be repaired by food. quantity. goes on and yet the supply never
Cold climates demand greater bodily Mineral substances were early equals the demand though the pro-
heat. It naturally follows that found to be useless as foods and duction increases yearly. The quan-
 f^^3^udin^U^if/iu^ii(f/^ ^
tity of all cereals is measured by
billions of bushels.
After the cereals, come the fruits
'^'/''J'Vyyi&^iii'ikiE'MiM'/! ^xi^Ad^mmmMmm^i&Mi&M^mmmM^if
of all kinds, as apples, grapes,
oranges, melons, berries. Then nuts, DEPARTMENT OF
the value and abundance of which,
men as yet hardly understood. It is
said that six times as many nuts go
to waste, ungathered, as would feed
the whole world for a year. The
quantity of vegetables, so-called, is
equally great as, for example: sugar
beets, alone, which furnish the largest
part of the sugar of the world.
Animal food may be roughly classed
way of flesh, fish and fowl.
in the old
Of the animals yielding meats we
have:
%
In the preceding article of this
series the form of the letter was dis-
Business dorresponbcncc.
CAKL LEWIS ALTMAIER,
Dkkxei. Institute, Phil.\dei.piii.\.

I^S^^^^^^^^S°!^"k'^^^"^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^%

and attention to the details of letter

writing. The typewriter has much to
1.Beef cattle, hogs, sheep, goats, cussed somewhat in detail. Many of do with this, because mistakes and
horses and wild game.
2. Shellfish, and fish of all kinds.
these details are, of course, the niere "bad form," which in the handwrit-
incidentals of letter writing. If one ten letter were scarcely noticed, in
3. Poultry, eggs and wild birds.
were to receive a letter awarding him the typewritten letter become con-
Animals used for food eat plant a hundred-thousand-dollar contract, spicuous and annoying.
food mostly and the same food as or offering him a five-thousand-dollar A word should be said concerning
inan, viz.: grain, fruit, nuts, etc.
position, or notifying him of a large the pen-written letter. While it is a
They also eat the grass stems, as hay
inheritance, it is' probable he would fact that the pen-written letter is
and tree leaves.
not examine the form of the letter too practically entirely superseded in
The raising, slaughtering, and critically and would, perhaps, over- business by the typewritten letter,
packing of meat is one of the greatest look with an indulgent eye any mis- still the young applicant for a clerical
industries in the United States, and
takes in form, grammar, punctuation, position who can write a letter in a
the ten billion eggs raised in the
United States yearly almost equals in
capitalization, and spelling. But neat, plain business hand, in correct
when one writes letters for the pur- form, and free from technical errors,
value the beef, the cotton, or the soliciting favors, extending more likely to receive the attention
wheat. Eose of is
usiness, attracting attention, over- and consideration of the business
A list of the different classes of coming opposition, arousing inter- man than the one who can not; and
foods in detail for successive lessons
est, or persuading the incredulous between two applicants, equal in
was given in The Bi'sixess Educa- — and probably 99 per cent, of the other respects, the former will in-
tor in October, 1903. Lack of space enormous amount of letter writing in variably be the one selected. A scene
forbids its reprint here.
this country is carried on for one or like the following is of common
Beverages, or what man drinks, —
form a very large part of man's food
another of these purposes then occurrence A young
: man applies
material. These are classed as:
every art must be employed, however for a position. He makes a favor-
seemingly insignificant. able impression, but before he is
1. Aromatic stimulants, non-alco- The writer is acquainted with the finally engaged the prospective em-
holic, as coifee, tea, cocoa, mate;
president of a corporation that uses ployer requests that he submit his
made by steeping in water or probably the most expensive station- application in writing by letter.
"infusion."
ery of any corporation in the country. There is probably a psychological
2. Alcoholic stimulants as, i/tci// or In fact the quality and expensiveness reason for this. The employer feels,
bren'cd liquors = beer and ale, /<•?--
of would seem to border upon perhaps, that from the handwriting
»u- >//ftf =wine, (/is/iHed = v/hiskey
it
needless extravagance, and many an and style of the letter he can form a
brandy, alcohol, etc. old-fashioned wiseacre has shaken better estimate of the writer's intel-
3. Waters, as pure and mineral
his head in disapproval of what he ligence and character than he could
spring water, ice, etc.
considered unnecessary and lavish from a momentary and hurried inter-
4. Liquid food as milk.
expenditure for letter writing. But view. On the other hand I have seen
The use of intoxicating liquor the the business of this corporation is of a well-written letter which succeeded
world over appears to be due to two a character which appeals particu- in securing an interview, that, how-
causes; first, that the liquor actually
larly to cultured and refined people, ever, was quickly and abruptly ter-
satisfies a bodily craving for nourish-
and its president says that he is minated because of the careless ap-
ment arising from improper or scanty firmly convinced that the increased pearance or otherwise unattractive
food; second, the exhiliration of the
expenditure for fine and attractive personality of the writer.
nervous stimulus. In any case, the
preparation of drinks for mankind is
stationery has been more than justi- The character and scope of these
a vast commercial industry.
fied. He further says that he cannot articles will not permit any further
understand the btisiness principle treatment of the technique of letter
Milk and eggs are perfect foods which
which actuates some houses to spend writing suffice it to say that no bus-
contain all the materials needed by ;

the human body and on which as an

money and time in sending out cheap- iness school should allow any pupil
looking letters, which suggest haste, to leave it without impressing upon
exclusive diet man can live a long
time in good health. The "dairy carelessness, confusion, and sloven- him by precept and practice the im-
liness. portance of these details, and with-
products," milk, butter and cheese,
Unfortunately too many still sup- out giving him a thorough drill in
in every civilized country, are a large
pose that if a letter is typewritten, no correct forms and abbreviations used
part of human food.
matter how, it will surely be read. in correspondence; i. e., those of
The editor's space forbids further A revolution is taking ptace in this States, of the more usual commercial
discussion of this great topic, but
nowhere does man show more pa-
particular. At first the type-written expressions, titles, etc.
letters were so bad that when
tience, industry, skill, intelligence,
letters were printed in imitation of THE COMPOSiTION OF A BUSINESS
bravery, endurance or devotion than
typewriting, mistakes and the appear- LETTER
in the ways in which he seeks "day
ance of dirty type were reproduced Writing a letter is like convers-
b}- day, his daily bread."
the more nearly to resemble, as it ing, excepting that it has this disad-
was thought, the work of the type- vantage When talking to a person
:

Best of Its Kind. writing machine. More skillful labor there is always the look or movement
and a better appreciation of the pos- to notify one when he is becoming
"I appreciate all that is being done in sibilities of the typewriting machine tedious or whether what he is saj'ing
The Business Educator, and come more are causing business men and the is being received favorably or not.
and more to the conclusion that voiir paper public to be more critical. These are the little danger signals to
is the best of its kind published.''
L. B. DARLING, _
Unquestionably the spirit of the warn him when to stop or to switch
Elyria Business College. Elyria, O. times is in the direction of more care off to another track to avoid a wreck.
 ^^^3^u4/n^U^^auaaf/ ^
In writing a letter one does not have
anA' of these signals, nor is the writer
at hand to explain any misapprehen-
sions which may arise from its read- I)epartmcnt of Business Practice.
ing. It is therefore important that
judgment, care, and exactness should J. M. DAVIS, Heald's Business Colleee,
be exercised in the writing of a letter,
and that it should be full, precise, San Fr-^ncisco, California.
complete, and free from all ambigu-
ity. But then correspondence has (Begun in September Number.) ents at their desks and, together with
some advantages peculiarly its own. the merchandise cards, are presented
A hearer often fails to grasp another's COMMISSION' office
to the office for inspection as to the
argument in speaking until it has The commission office in my de- form of the invoice and as to the cor-
been repeated several times, and if partment, as in most schools, I think, rectness of the quantity received,
the argument is of a very complex does a limited amount of selling and prices, and computations. If satis-
nature, the chances are that he will a general commission business. The factory', an officer signs his initials
checks on the work of this office, so on the bill, which
then presented
is
not even then carry away all its
far as they relate to the sales of mer- to a teacher for approval merely to
points. A letter is a document that chandise from stock and the conse- make sure that the form and writing
can be studied at leisure. Frequently quent transactions, are the same as are satisfactory. A proof of pur-
appointments are made in order to those for the wholesale office. Those chases bill is now made out in the
settle a matter of business orally, checks relating to the commission same manner, and using the same
and, after the parties have met and business only will be noticed. blank, as the proof of sales bill is
talked for a long time, one says to The letters containing the bills of made in the wholesale office, except
the other, "I will write to you in a lading and instructions are received that the quantities are obtained by
from a teacher by the officers, who sorting and counting the merchan-
day or two concerning this," or " We immediately pay the freight and
will settle that matter by correspon- dise cards received. The amount of
make out the account sales. A proof the bill should equal the sum of the
dence," thus preferring the certainty of sales bill is made out for the con- invoices purchased. If there is a dis-
and definiteness of letter writing to signment sales, as the accounts sales agreement, the invoices must be gone
the vagueness and looseness of ordi- are proved, excepting the charges, in over until the error is found. Then
nary conversation. the same way as the invoices of mer- the amounts of the invoices are
It is by the stvle and composition chandise are proved. The letters of entered in the invoice book, the foot-
of a business letter that the real instructions and the accounts sales ing of which must equal the proof of
ability of the writer and his famil- are then presented to a teacher for purchases bill.
iarity with advanced business meth- inspection of the latter as to their The merchandise purchased is sold
ods are recognized. The business agreement with the instructions, their daily to the wholesale office thus
letter is a form of composition that correctness and appearance. The keeping up the stock of that office,
requiressomewhat different treat- entries are made, posted, and the and at such a discount that the
ment from the usual English exer- "Daily Trial Balance and Proof wholesale office can realize a gain
cises. Its style should be clear, Sheet " is filled out, covering, of when it sells the merchandise. Be-
terse, exact, methodical it should ;
course, the entire work of the office. fore selling to the wholesale office,
be as clean-cut and virile as the tvpi- At the end of the week, the proofs, the proof of purchases bill and the
cal American business man in 'his trial balance, etc., are the same, add- merchandise cards, arranged in
trim suit and derbv hat. These qual- ing a list of bills payable and check order, are presented to a teacher
ities can be secured onlv by practice, book proof, as those for the whole- who examines the cards to see
practice, practice. The student sale office. Statements of account whether any have been altered with
should be given exercises which are also rendered bi-weekly as in the a pen, or have in any other way be-
cover various business transactions. wholesale office. come unfit for further circulation,
These exercises should be full, vital, As this is an office issuing a large and substitutes new cards for those
comprehensive, and representative of number of checks, it is advisable to retired^ As the cards pass through
modern business customs and prob- have the bank-book written up and this office frequently, this is an excel-
lems. These should then be devel- balanced each week. The officers fill lent method to keep the stock of mer-
oped by the student in the form of out a Check Book Proof, a printed chandise cards in good condition.
letters. The exercises should then (mimeographed) blank containing The bill and the merchandise cards
be criticised bv the teacher. He will blanks for the name and the date, are then given to the officers in the
generally find much to criticise. On followed by a form of proof showing wholesale office for payment and they
the one hand he will find a brevity the bank book balance, the sum of can be relied on to see that the quan-
that is sometimes appalling; a the checks outstanding, and the tity received and the computations
brevity that produces curtness, inex- check book balance. Below this is are correct, for their inventory will
actness, and incompleteness. On a blank having columns with printed depend on it.
the other hand he will often find a headings for a list of the checks out- A list of the day's purchases is
profuseness that is excessive; a pro- standing. The headings are "Date," ne.xt made up and entered in the
fuseness that produces dullness, "Number," "Payee," and "Amount." Daily Journal in the same manner as
feebleness, and tediousness. To be This proof is used for students' indi- the sales were entered in the Daily
able to grasp the essentials of a bus- vidual check books, also, and is an Journal in the wholesale office. The
iness proposition to present them in
; exceedinglyuseful proof. It not only checks, notes, etc., are then made out
an orderly and systematic manner, serves as a proof but the list of out- in payment of all the day's purchases
and in that "clear-cut, exact, and standing checks enables the teacher except those on account. Those will
vivid phrasing" that Dr. Davidson to see whether any checks are being be entered under the date of their
speaks of, is an art which may be held an undue length of time and bv maturities and will be paid for then.
acquired by intelligent and serious whom. Also if a pavee has left The checks, etc., are then presented
study, and by training of an adequate school without depositing, the teacher with their respective invoices to a
and well-defined character. can have a duplicate issued to him- teacher for inspection as to com-
self. The Check Book Proofs are all pliance with terms, appearance, and
filed by a teacher. discounts. If acceptable, the Daily
eompliment (or Itlr. eayiord.
BUYING OFFICE Journal is approved, the invoices are
I wish The Business Educator the filed, and the payments made.
This office represents the consumer. The making of entries, posting,
patronage which it richly merits. I think In many departments this
office is and the filling out of the "Daily
Mr. Gaylord has made his department
of combined with the wholesale office, Trial Balance and Proof Sheet" pro-
such value that no teacher can afford to
do I believe, and, if so, the checks can ceed as explained before, and end
without it. E. O. FOLSOM, be adapted. the day's work.
Eitchburg, Mas*. The invoices are made out by stud- (Continued on page 26.
 ^^^^^Uii/He4^(^/lfu:a&^^ ^
To find the average term of credit.
No. 6
500 X 60 =
30000 ^" ^"^"^ ^ t^«
first column
DEPARTMENT OF 600 X 90 54000 represents the
400 X 360 144000 totals of sev-
300 X 60 18000 eral bills, and
Practical IHatl^cmatics 200 X 30 6000 * \ ^ ^'^^""'^
-snows the
\V. E. WHITE, 2000 ) 252000 terms o7 cVecf-
GE?i City Business College, Qitinct, III.
Av. Cr. 126 't in days.
The sum of
the products divided by the total of all
the bills gives the average tenu of credit
for the entire account as 126 dajs.
To find the average date of payment.
Averages
IV ^ .^1 -.-„No. 7 ., In example No. 7 several bills
Oct. 10! 350 jX82= 28700 or debts, are due at different
I

FOR RAPID CALCULATION CLASSES. 25i 300 X67=

20100 times, as shown by the dates in
I

In this lesson I purpose taking up the various practical appli- Nov. 61 500 27500 t^e first column. The last date
X55=
'-"in IS assumed to be the correct one
I

cations of the principle of alligation, or average, as us?d in c iva- 1Q iQnl\//i2

mercial transactions. The principle of average is einpined in T^ ,,i iS^ f°'' tlie "
pavment of the entire
the solution of a great variety of problems, some qui.c smple Dec.l3| 220 X18= 3960 balance; but it is evident that it
|

and others quite complex; such as, finding the average grade or 31[ 450 |X 0000 is0=the correct date of payment
^*"' "^^ ''"*'' "'^'" "'"'i'. and that it
strength of mixtures, average storage term, average date of sales, 7rinn
^UUU \q6?vv\
»»( JU(J ) is too late for all other items in
average date of payment, average interest on running accoun'.s,
average gains or losses of partners, etc. Days before Dec. 31 44 the list. The average time too
A simple average consists in dividing the sum of several nnm- late is found by multiplying
bers by the number of items among which the numbers are to each item by the number of days from its own date to the date
be apportioned. Thus the simple average of the following prob- as--umed (iJec. 31). The sum' of the products divided by the
t ital debt shows that Dec. 31 is, on the average, 44 days too late;
lems is indicated by the method of solution:
hence Nov. 17 is the average, or equated, date of pavment for
To find the average grade or quality of mixtures. the entire deb', and if settlement were made Dec. 31 there would
In the first example here shown, be 44 days' interest due, in addition to the sum of the items.
No. 1 No. 2 note that the sum of the six items, To find the interest on several debts by average.
1 Cw 16 1 (S- 23 222, is the strength or value of the
entire lot considered as one item.
Example No. 8 is given to il- No. 8
1 28
r«: 1 (S< 2\ histrate a method of finding the
1 46
r5) 1 Co) 25
It is desired tha' this entire va'ue
interest on several items bearing
Apr. 300ll X87= 26100
1 (o) 23 1 Co 21
be distributed equally among the
the same rate and having a com- 41 764 X 84= 64176
six items; hence , of 222, or 37, is
1 Cw 46 4 ) 99 the average value of the mixture.
mon date of payment. Each item 121 700 X76= 53200
1 (n) 63 The second example is explained is multiplied i)y the number of 251 500 X63= 31500
Av. 24 in the same way, but since there
days from its own
date till the May 9| 486
23814 X49=
6 ) 222 date of settlement; the sum of
Av. 37
are four items, instead of six, \ of
the sum of the four numbers, or 24^,
the products divided by 6""" is 28 30| 250
7000 X =
the interest on the total at 6% Jun. 2713000 6)205790
is the required average value.
for the average interest term
In the third example, the same prin-
s.
Int. by Av. 34.30
No. 3 little less than 69 days (68.59+)
ciple is involved as in the preceding, ^' 73 146 = in this case. The interest added to the total debt gives the cash
hut while there are but four entries in
the problem, yet these four entries de-
<^" 25 100 = balance, J3034..W. The "balance method," No. 9, gives the same

velop into eighteen separate items the —

(^' 63 315 = results with easier multipliers.

first entry includes 2 items of 73 units 21 147 ^ = To find the averac^e investment of partners.
No.' 9
each, or a total value of 146 units for In example No. 9 a part-
the one entry; the second entry has 4 J_70S ner has made four invest-
items of 25 units each, or 100 vmits in Av. 39 i Jan. 1160001 6000 12000 ments on the dates shown,
all, etc. Multiplying the number of items in each entry by the Mar. 1 130001 9000
63000 and has been in business a
common value of these items gives, in this case, a total value of Oct. H.'^OOOlHOOO 28000 year. It is proposed to find
708, and as th- total number of items is eighteen, y^ of 708, or Dec. 1I9000I23000 1 '= 23000 average investment for
39i is the average value of the compound. T?1 l7fionn
th*^ ''^^'- A column show-
Tan. 11 1-M.iO At'. J intr balances is used, which
To find the average storage or pasturage term.
No. 4 In example No. 4, it is supposed that
Av. inv. for vr. 10500 is increased as each new
investment is made, so that
34 X 8 = 272 34 bbl. are stored for 8 da., or an equiva- the last item in this column is the total investment. Each bal-
27 X 20 = 540 lent of 272 days for 1 bbl. The other items ance is iKult plied by the number of months or da}'s that it re-
19 X 35 == 665
are taken in the same wav, making when
added a total of 1819 da.'for 1 bbl.' Ti-ff of
iiuiins unchanged, the first from January to March 2 months —
the second 7 months, the third 2 months, and the last 1 month.
38 X 9 =342 1819 gives 15.4 da. the averaije term for the The total of the products is the average investment for 1 month,
118 ) 1819
118 bbl. Or, I of 1819 gives 2,59.8 wk. the and this divided by 12 is the average investment for the year.
e(|uivalent term in weeks. Or, j'j of 1819
gives 60.6 mo. the equivalent month", for
To averasie receipts and deliveries by balance method.
1 bbl. Suppose the rate of storage were 2c. a day, 14c. a v.cek, Example No. 10 shows No. 10
a storage record where ''"''' ''"^''^ deli/d balance days products
or 60c. a month, the equivalent days (1819), weeks (259.r;). or
months (60.6) multiplied by the respective rates gives the stor- May 3 60 1
60 X 7= 420
age lue (f36.38) in one amount. eries are made before 10 20 80 X 8= 640
To find the average date of several sales. settlement. Receipts are
added to the balance col-
18 50 30 X 4= 120
In this example, it is sup- No. 5 umn and deliveries are 22 15 27 18 X 2= 36
posed
puseu that
Luai several sales have
nave June ,i! 100 X
2! itJU 200 |
2= subtracted, so that this 24 35 53 X 6= 318
been made on the dates, and I^jje 11X25=
lOi ,300 1X10= 3000 column always shows 30 42 275
for he amounts, shown in the "!
* -,-,i
ocn the number now on stor-
firf.t two columns of illustra- J"'- --
-l""*^ —I °^^ "-- 1X22= 18700 Tun. 24 97 12 96X14=1344
Each item in the
3X10 = 30
^jj-a- age.
tiou No. 5. Each item is now June 30j 150 4500|
X30= balance column is mul-
Tulv 8 17 110
multiplied by the number of Julv 6| 600 |X36= 21600
'
tiplied by the days to the 18 244
24 1 ''7)3183 1

days -t is dated from the first next balance, the last by

of tlu- monJi (in-lusive); the
^f.r^
-'^'^'^ "vVanm
2480(J0 Av. weeks 4544
the days to settlement.
sum of the products divided Av. date of sales June 24
•
The total products is the equivalent days for 1 article, and \ of
by the total sal"s gives 'h-? average date of the several sales as 24 this total is the equivalent number of weeks. If the storage term
days from the iirsl of June (inclusive), or Jun; 24. is in months, divide the total by 30.
 f^^^u^n^d4^&/uaii^ ^
The following problems are almut the right length so that two The following problem illustrates a method of solution which
or three of theui may be finish il in a 30-niinule session. The I would recommend for rapid work. It consists in placing the
teacher should dictate a great variety of these problems so that partial products of each multiplication in the product column,
the students may have enough practice *o thoroughly ground without finding the separate totals. The grand total is the same
themselves in all the principles. as h\ the foregoing method.
To average a ledger account. No. 13
dates debits credits balances ays products
Example No. 11 represents a ledger account having charges Apr. 9 1480 1480 19 133 20
in the debit column and payments in the credit column. It is 1480
28 435 1915 172 35
intended that the first 9
No 11 426~»
date debit credit balance products three columns be dic- May 7 2000 85 35 265
2552 tated to the class, after 110 568 543 16 3258 L
Aug. 3 232 232 Jun. 11 543 f
5550 which the students are 27 325 218 13 664
14 138 370 expected to finish the 218 J
5600 3052 2287 21 2287
29 530 100 800 solution by first ex- July 10 547 46 74
Sep. 525 275 1100 tending the several 31 2183 104 8 833
5
balances and count- 2737"^
9 675 950 6650 Aug. 8 250 745 391 67 2346
7088 '"" '^^ days from each Oct. 14 1500 3 782 I
16 245 309 886 1891 12 189 1
date to the next, tak- 2644 f
24 150 736 4d1^
4^l0 j„g ijjjQ account the 26 1230 661 14 661 J
214 927 6489 Nov. 9 3925 200 3064 15320
30 23 long- or short months; 5
1086 13032 second, multiply each 14 2475 4123
Oct. 7 159 589 67 3634
balance bv the davs 1529
19 732 1818 9090 Jan. 20 940 1529 11 1529
„,,„ set opposite, placing 202
24 25 910 933 yjj(J ^j-jg products to t h e 31 1327 202 21 404 •^
Xov. 3 205 728 5824 right as shown; third, Feb. 21 652 450 41 450
1800
7794 divide the sum of the Apr. 3 1100 2359 10264 \
11 138 866 1709 16 1709 (
20 356 1222 19S5? products by the last 19 479 2188 41 87
2 1 «
••
.S

J
Q'jcr! hala'ice,
which gives 28120
.'.

Dec. 6 245 977 o/Jo (]-,g number of days Mav30 5000 2812 10
29655-1
15 619 300 1296 9072 that the balance must June 9 8743 5931 15 6931 I

22 2126 12756 clraw interest if settle- 24 3215 1000 3716 44 14864 r

830 14864 J
28 422 548 2000 8000 "'^"' ^^ made on the Aug. 7 4900 1184 24 47 36
2368
'atest date in the prob- 16000
1 lO^Qo
Ian. 1 5 315 3315 15 1|14ZD05 lem. If the interest
i

31 2001 185 3000 5

is required, divide the Sept. 5 24963 4 6 6 11 Cr.
2 7 9 3 1 4
142688-^2000=71.344 interest days 24 1 6 9 4 Dr.
j^j^j >)roductsbv 6"""
142688-6000=23. 781 interest 6% 000 ) 2 1 9 7 Cr.
1
if ^ ,4te when the ball 7 3 da. for'd
71 days before Jan. l=Oct. 22 av. date ^^^^ „,igiit have been Sept. 5+73 davs^Nov. 17 equated date of pavment
paid is required, count back the interest days from the latest Or, 219017-- 6000=136. 50 Cr. int. on Sept. 5, 6%
date. To prove the last balance, add the debit and credit col- Or, i530OO—f 36. 50=2963. 50 cash balance Sept. 5
umns and take the difference, which should equal the balance. In the above problem, the credit products (those enclosed in
The sum of the days column must equal the difference between
braces) add to more than the debit products: hence the balance
the first and last dates.
of the products is on the credit side, while the balance of the
To average when the balance alternates from debit to credit. account is on the debit side. Therefore, as explained in >'o. 12,
Example No. 12 differs from the preceding in that the balance the 73 days must be counted forward from Sept. 5, instead of
is a part of the time debit and a part of the time credit. backward, as they would be if the balances were both debit or
The steps for soly- both credit.
No. 12
date debit credit balance ing the problem are—
froducis
The problems below illustrate notes on which partial pay-
706 4776 l^t' 'lictate the three ments have been made from time to time. The results cbtained
Mar. 3 796 are the amounts due a* • 'tlement by the "merchant's rule."
oodo columns at the left, as
9 315 481 No. 14 Note that
1Q? far as the double line;
19Z
17 510 13 16 2d, extend the bal- dates note payments balances days products the simple
29 634 219 431 3017 ances (credit balances Mar. 14 3500 3500 70 "»» balance of
Apr. 5 147 284 3692 ^''s ^" italics here, but Mav 2Z 215 3285 68 2 8 the debt i s
QQ? '" practice draw a cir- 2 6 1 shown when
18 95 213 166 30 34 3251
30 193 987 628
1
^
j.-i'T'y-
cle around them); a
credit balance is in-
Tulv
Sept. 19 198 3053
51
38
5 6
59
the
payments
several

Jun. 8 603 25 350 creased by a credit Oct. 27 157 2896 7 " ' ^ are taken off
22 325 300 1500 item and decreased by Nov. 3 1030 1866 25 3 3 the face o f
debit, while a debit 05 the note, but
27 150 150 3300 abalance is increased 28 85 1781 25 9
the amount
„ II
July 19 794 944 17936 hy a debit item and Dec. 23 1150 631 10 due at settle-
Aug. 7 510 434 10416 decreased by a credit; Jan. 2 2 869 294 %W ment also in-
31 972 538 13450 ^'^^ fi'"' '^^ days from Bal. due on note |631
cludes inter-
zaj the first date to the est on each
Sep. 25 311 227 _. , second, from the sec- Int. b'/c by av. 144.66
balance from
28 400 173 ^46 oiid to the third, etc., .\mt. due Jan. 2 its own date
30 47 126 1890 and set them in the to the next date. The sum of all the items in the "da^ col-
Oct. 15 874 1000 16000 column for days; 4th, umn must equal the time from date of note to settlement.
^„7oi find the products of The next example shows solution when time is in months.
31 6064 4064 t)U_ol g several balances
t jj No. 15 The rate is 6 %
47597 and the days, drawing date note Pay't balance mo. Pro in this and the
looo) 12684 circles around credit 22 preceding exam-
Feb. 9 2473 2473 .9
12684^1000=12.684 interest days products and adding
Mar. 6 140 2333 4.3 6 ple; if some other
9 3
12684^6000=12.114 interest 6% debits and credits sei> 1 3
rate is required,
arately; 5th, take the July 15 357 1976 1.7 1 9 add or subtract
13 days before Oct. 31=Oct. 18 av. date 13
(^
difference between the Sept. 6 15 1961 3.7 58 the proper frac-
and divide it by the last balance to get the average dajs 5 tional part of 6 'r
totals Dec.27 583 1378 3.4
—
from the last date to be counted backivard when the balance of Apr. 9 1235 143 2.8 1 as explained i n
the account and the balance of the products are on the same 2)^7! Lesson III, pub-
side, both debit or both credit; but it'hen one balance is debit and July 3 settled 2 3 30 I 6- 8 T^V lished in the last
the other credit, the days must be counted forward from last date. .Imi lint di e 785 issue of the Bus-
When the cash balance is required, add the interest to, or take iNHSs Educator.
it from, the balance of the account, according as the balances are copy of each proliUni dictated is preserved, a collection
If a
on the same or on different sides, as explained above. will soon be secured which will be valuable for future use.
 M^^gO/ned^^dfu^Of/- ^
farthep and allows to the buyer a per-
fect title. Now, in order to make a
bill negotiable, the intent must be
clearly shown. This is done by mak-
DEPARTMENT OF ing use of the words, "order or
bearer," or any word or words having
the same import. Without these
(Eommcrcial £atp words the instrument is non-nego-
tiable and the holder takes it subject
to defenses existing at the time of
the transfer or until notice of trans-
W. H. WHIGAM, Chicago fer is made. When the word " order "
is used, the name of the payee must
also appear; if the word "bearer"
is used, the payee's name may or may
not appear. A paper reading "pay
to the order of A" is the same as
NEGOTIABLE PAPER. Certainty as to Atno7int~ The '
pay A or order. " One reading pay
'
'
'

1. Elements of Negotiable Paper. amount to be paid must be certain to the bearer. A" is not negotiable.
a. Contract in writing. and stated in the instrument. If the Delirery — The last step necessary
b. Absolute promise or order. amount cannot be definitely deter- to put a negotiable instrument in cir-
c. Certainty as to time. mined from a reading of the instru- culation or to make it effective is to
d. Certainty as to amount. ment, it is non-negotiable. The deliver it, and until this is done it has
e. Pa^'able in money. amount is generally written once in no validity. As long as the paper is
f. Specification of parties. words and once in figures but this is in the hands of an agent, it may be
g. Negotiable words, merely a precautionary measure. If recalled. The same is true of a paper
h. Delivery. the note contains a provision for the still in the hands of postal authorities,
2. Some Non-Essentials. payment of interest it does not affect for they are held to be the agents of
its negotiability, for that is a deter- the maker.
a. Date
V'alue received.
b.
minable amount. There is but little If an instrument is delivered in
c. Days
of (irace. doubt as to papers payable with ex- trust to a third party to be delivered
3. Liability. change, but when a stipulation is con- subject to a condition, it is called an
— tained for the payment of attorneys '
escrow. Until the condition is com-
Contract in Writing All nego-
tiable contracts must be in writ-
fees and costs of
collection, there is plied with, no legal delivery can be
ing. While an oral promise under
considerable conflict among the au- made as between the original '

thorities, some holding that the in- parties but if title is acquired by a
common law might be a valid con- strument is negotiable and some that
;

subsequent party in good faith, a

tract, it could not be so considered
under the law merchant. The writ- it is non-negotiable. complete delivery has been made. If
ing mav be with ink or in pencil on
Payable in Money —
It has always a blank instrument properly' signed
any ordinary writing material. been held that negotiable papers is issued with authority to fill out, no
must be payable in money. By further delivery is necessary. The
Absolute Promise or Oriier~T\\e "money" is meant what mav be holder may fill" out the blank, even
promise contained in the note, or the legally tendered in payment of a debt. increasing the amount, and put the
order on a third person in a draft must From this we deduce two proposi- paper in circulation and the maker is
be absolute any condition would
;
tions :First, nothing is money but bound to pay.
make the contract non-negotiable and that which the law declares to be Some non-essentials ; Date — The
subject to the rules of the common legal tender. Secondly, foreign date is not necessary; it should be
law. Courtesy of language, as money is not legal tender. An in- given, however; otherwise recourse
" please pay," will not affect the ne-
strument payable in Canadian money must be had to parol evidence to fix
gotiability it is no less an order to
;
would not be negotiable in the United the date, as the maturity of paper is
promise "to pay. In a note payable States. A note payable in merchan- in most cases determined by the date
on or before a certain date, the paper dise is not a negotiable instrument, of the instrument. Papers may be
is payable absolutely on that date unless made so by statutory enact- post-dated as well as ante-dated.
but may be paid earlier. If a note is ment. The presumption, however, is that
made payable in the alternative, it is Specification of Parties— There the date of the instrument is the date
non-negotiable, and a note payable must be no uncertainty in regard to of delivery.
after the arrival of a particular the parties to a negotiable instrument. I 'a I lie Received— This term is not
steamer or other uncertain event, is Not only must it be shown who is ob- an essential to negotiable instru-
a conditional promise, and therefore ligated but also it must be made cer- ments, but is generally used. It orig-
non-negotiable. A promise to pay tain to whom payment is to be made. inated with the introduction of notes,
on the death of a certain person is The giver of the obligation must sign; a creature of the common law. The
considered an absolute promise to the receiver may be indicated. The term has not been eliminated although
pay. If made payable out of a certain capacity of the parties to the contract notes were by English statute made
fund the instrument is non-negotiable is the same as in common law. to possess the elements of negotiabil-
Part-
as the promise is conditional. This ies are classed as original and sub- ity, therebv carrying presumption of
is because of the uncertainty of the
sequent. The first class are the ones consideration.
particular fund. who made the original contract, the —
Days of Grace Grace is an exten-
Certainty as to Time —
Negotiable second includes all those who may sion of three days to the payer in
instruments are based on certainties at a subsequent time receive the con- which to meet his obligation." It is
and time is no exception. If no time tract. The first are familiar with the an element of the law merchant, but
is specified, the instrument is payable making of the contract, the second it is not necessary, since by contract
on demand. Time is generallv speci- know of the contract as it stands it may be excluded. Many of the
fied as " after date " or" after sight " completed; they probably know noth- States have by statute abolished days
or, other words of the same import ing of the real consideration, but they of grace. 0"riginally demand \v"as
may be used. The word "month" are bound bv the contract as ex- made on the last day of the contract,
means a calendar month; a note paj'- pressed. While the signatures are the payer being allowed extra time,
able one month after Aug. 30 is due generally at the end of the contract, called grace, if necessary. In time
on Sept. 30, while a note payable 30 it is not necessarily so. this was always demanded, and the
davs after Aug. 30 is due on Sept. 29. Negotiable Words —
This element is time of making the demand changed
Notes drawn on Dec. 28-29-30-31 and the chief one that originated with the to the last day of grace. If the last
each reading " two months afterdate " custom of merchants. Under the day of grace is a Sunday or a holiday,
would all fall due on Feb. 28, unless cornmon law, choses in action were the demand should be made a day
a leap year, when the first would fall assignable only that is, the buyer
;
earlier. When grace is not allowed,
due on the 28th and the rest on the acquired the rights of the seller and and the paper falls due on Sunday or
29th. no more. The law merchant goes (Continued on page 26).
 f^^3Bud/n^dy^/iu^ififr ^
I must get down to the children's
level, and then I have to make up
silly little rhymes about all sorts of
things to teach the children, because
— that's the way they learn, you
Departmettt of know."
I didn't know, but I thought it
very "interesting," and invited her
CEypetprtttng. to go with us the next day to see
the sun rise. She thought it would
be "heathenish" to get up so early
NISS Stella M. smith, Simmons College, Boston. but decided to try. In the morning,
when we reached the hill-top, "Dear
me!" she exclaimed, "Isn't that
lovely I never imagined it was like
!

that— I never in my life saw the sun

Cbe Cypewritina Ceacber's Part in tbe The more adverse the conditions in rise!"
Crainina of the Business Student. the student's early training, the Later, as we walked down the hill
greater the necessity for a typewrit- Miss R. was very thoughtful, but she
The typewriting teacher's opportun- ing or "finishing" teacher of wide finally said, in a dreamy, far-away
ities to' give the student general in- knowledge and experience. Right tone:
formation and training are limitless, here let me tell a story of " I ought to write a poem about
compared with those of the teachers
A FUTURE KINDERGARTEN TEACHER
that for my children I suppose I —
of other branches in the business shall have to teach them something
school and much of the instruction
; She was twenty-two years old, about the sunrise ? " she added, in a
given in the other departments can beautiful, a high school graduate and half questioning tone, then lapsed
here be "clinched." It is my pur- burning with the desire to "do some- into an eloquent silence.
pose in this series of articles to point thing." We sat on the piazza of a "Composing," I whispered to the
out how this may be done, using as hotel in a mountain resort, and our sun, and I'm afraid I winked at him.
illustrations methods which I have conversation turned to the subject of After breakfast we took a long walk
found successful in the classroom. books. through the woods. Miss R. was
The Typewriting Department is the " Dear me," she said, with a smile frightened and screamed every time
"finishing school," the place where and a sigh of resignation, " I must she saw a hop-toad, a grasshopper, a
the final polish is put on, and from go back to baby days and read spider— in fact, any insect or animal,
which the youngster is sent into the Mother Goose rhymes and fairy living or dead. With a final awful
business world to work shoulder to tales." contortion of the body she gasped,
shoulder with business men and I looked up questioningly. She as I pointed to a little brown lizard—
women. When the student enters smiled back at me with a very super- "Miss Smith, if you find any more
this " polishingdepartment," he has ior little air. worms or hop-toads I'm going
finished the bookkeeping course, or " Yes, I'm studying to be a kinder- straight home. I really can't stand
the grammar or high school course, garten teacher," she explained. looking at the things " !

or, at least, he has completed all "Ah! Are you fond of children?" Plant life did not interest her in
such school or home preparation as was my stereotyped query. the least. I began to feel sorry for
he is likely to have and, when he ;
" Oh, I love them " she exclaimed,
! the children and to pity Miss R.
leaves it, the last chapter of his clasjjing her hands and looking When we were once more on the road
school life and childish irresponsi- adoringly at a chubby little chap returning to the hotel, I asked,
bility is closed. fishing in a water trough at the road- " Have you studied physiolog^' ? "
The typewriting teacher's prepara- side. Then after a few seconds of She shrugged her shoulders and
tion should be as limitless and gen- ecstatic bliss, she resumed: "But, made a fascinating little grimace
eral as the mother's and the kinder- you see, I don't know anvthing about intended to express disgust, exclaim-
g^arten teacher's. If the last two are them.— I'm studying thein this sum- ing, " Oh, no - 1 think it's horrid
" !

" "
ideal, the child may, as the result of mer.— I don't seem to take an inter- Botany ?
having received the proper bent and est in anything but children nowa- "Yes indeed, and chemistry and
been under the best influences, be days." And she became absorbed zoolog>' and all those things — we had
trusted to make the most of the in watching the little fisherman at a lovely teacher at high school — but,
opportunities offered by the public the trough. my! I've forgotten them all."
school course; so, if the conditions " Yes ? " said I, " Tell me some of " Well," I said, " suppose you
in the business school are ideal, and the things you have learned about were to take a child for a walk in the
especially in the Typewriting De- them." woods, and he asked all sorts of
partment, the young people sent into " Why— I— I—" a deep flush suf- questions about the plants and the
the business world may be depended fused her neck and cheeks; she trees and the rocks,— what would you
upon to do their work creditably. paused, embarrassed, then stam- answer? "
The business school is the key mered: "Well — er you see — er — — She looked very serious.
which opens the door to a strange I'm just studying them/' Then, after "And if he saw that you were
world —
a world presenting problems a few moment's thought, her face afraid of every little bug and animal
and conditions which the young brightened, and she smiled a smile do you think that would inspire him
people have never before had to con- full of compassion as she said :
with confidence in you ? "
sider, where they must constantly " But, dear me, you know, I shan't The shade of seriousness deepened.
deal with a side of human nature have to know so rriuch about children " And if his confidence continued,
with which they are wholly unac- as I shall how to amuse and interest do you think your timidity would
quainted, where they find even a lan- and entertain them. I have already influence him to be a happy, fearless
guage which is not familiar. The studied six months at Mrs. C--'s child, or a coward ? "
nature of the typewriting work makes Kindergarten Teacher's Training "Why," she finally said, in a tone
it possible to .give in this department School— the best in New York. Do of wonder, " I never thought of it in
much instruction for which there is you know her ? " that way. I never thought I should
neither the time nor the opportunity " No, who is she ?
" have to take children into the woods
in the other departments. The type- " Why, she is at the head of a num- and tell them about plants and bugs
writing teacher should, therefore, ber of schools— I think all the private [here she shuddered] and things, for
knon- the business world, and gradu- schools in New York get their kin- you see, I only expect to teach city
ally prepare the student so that he dergarten teachers from her, and she children."
may not be dazed by an abrupt has organized a number of schools in
cha'nge when thrown upon his own several large cities, and also a Kind- SOME TVPEWRITING TE.\CHERS.
resources and so commit many use- ergarten Teacher's Association. I've There are some typewriting teach-
less errors he should know what to
; been studying fairy tales all summer ers who will see nothing in this little
expect and what is expected of him. —I just hate them,' too,— but, you see story, but think it an impossible
 ^^^^u^n^^/^if/iu^i^ifr* ^
character and will shrug their shoul- ranks of commercial text-book publishers. Carnegie, Pa., this year; A. H. Dixon will
Mr. Ferris is receiving congratulations and have charge of the commercial department
ders and look impatient when told
that to teach typewriting they should good wishes from every corner of the land, of Blair Business College, Spokane, this
from his hosts of friends among commer- year; J. F. Whitmore, Higbee, Mo., will be
be shorthand writers and have had cial teachers.
some business experience, and that in King's Charlotte N. C.) school this year;
I

it would be an excellent plan to study

The Remington Typewriter Co. is using and in his Raleigh school A. C. Anderson,
very effectively the fact that it supplies to of Bowling Green. Ky., and Clara Shine, of
psychology and the history of com- educational institutions more typewriters
merce but there are others who will
;
than all other manufacturers. Their tire- Kenansville, N. C. F. S. Stone has sold his
;

understand the warning, and if they less enterprise surely deserves reward. interest in the Shoemaker-Clark school.
have never learned shorthand, they Fall River, Mass., to Francis G. Allen, who
The Postal Typewriter, the Catling Gun for many years has been the efficient prin-
will at once study it and if they
;
of modern coitimerce, is a rather new entry
have never worked in an office, they in the race for favor among typewriters. Its cipal of the commercial department of this
will spend some of their Saturdays type is all on a wheel instead of on type excellent institution; W. A. Shurtletf,
or even vacation weeks in some offices bars, thus providing many advantages not Mitchell, S. D., has been hired to take
where the^- are unknown, working as possible for type bar machines. It has the charge of the commercial department of the
inexperienced stenographers universal keyboard, and the price is sur- Cement City Business College, Yankton,
they ;
prisingly low.
perhaps, may even try to find regular S. D.; Arthur Allen, Bowling Green, Ky.,
employment in some office where they Among the newer writing machines none has engaged with H. S. Miller, Hastings
can arrange to go after school hours, exceeds the Fox for aggressive advertising. (Neb.i Business College; H. D. Davis, Ham-
until they know from actual exper-
One finds its catchy ads in all forms of cur- mond, Ind., will be with E. H. Fritch, South-
rent literature. Certainly tliere is a verit-
ience what it means to work in an able Kuroki for persistence back of the Fox western Business College, St. Louis, this
office, and what the business man campaign, and the machine is worthy of the year; A. B. Bates, Indianola, Iowa, goes to
requires, and they will return to ammunition that is being expended in ad- the Modern School of Commerce, Pendleton,
their classrooms wiser, more sympa- vancing the firing line. Oregon; R. C. King. Grand Forks, N. D.,
thetic, and inspired as no text-book The Fox Typewriter Co., Ltd., are issuing takes charge of commercial work in Arclii-
and no lecturer could ever inspire several new pieces of printed matter. bald's Business College, Minneapolis, this
them. Among others is a new catalog, which is year; C. C. Stone, Northrop, Minn., follows
However, few teachers can spare really a work of art.explains in detail
It P. H. Landers in the Utica (N. Y.) Business
the time and have the strength to the superior qualities of the Fox typewriter, Institute, and Mr. Landers has landed a
follow so rigid a course long enough and is a piece of typewriter literature that high-class position with the Packard
is well worth retaining. The catalogue will
to gain all the requisite knowledge, School, New York City; Alfred Higgins, of
illustrate in detail the new Fox Tabulator,
nor is it advisable to attempt it any which this company has recentlv brought Titusville, Pa., is opening a new school in
further than to know the office con- out.The Fox Co. claim for it that it is much Dunkirk, N. Y. W. J. Lewis, Portsmouth,
;

ditions, and to understand the rela- more simple, and easier to operate, than N. H., has accepted a first-class government
tions between the employer and anything of the kind that has heretofore position in Washington. He will study law
employee. appeared. "on the side"; Caroline O. Farnsworth,
Jly subject will be presented in In addition to the catalog, the Fox Co. who has had charge of the commercial de-
are issuing a Touch Typewriting Instruc-
eight parts, as follows partment of the North Des Moines High
:
tion Book, teaching the "Van Zant"
November— " How to Teach the method. School for several years is to be the Benn
Keyboard." The Fox Co. are also preparing a booklet Pitman shorthand instructor in the Eagan
December—" The Value of vSentence entitled "Touch Typewriting— past, pres- School, New York; F. F. Von Court, Brown's
Practice in Typewriting —
Its Injur- ent, and future." This is the work of Prof. Business College, Sioux City, Iowa, is with
ious Effect; Its Lastinjj Benefit." Allen, of the Aurora Business College, the Central Business College, Denver; Joel
—
January " The Writing of Letters, Aurora, 111., and is a very able treatise on Hadley, a recent graduate of the Marion
— What Should be Accomplished in
this interesting subject.
(Ind.) Normal University, will instruct in
the Practice." A recent typewriter deal of sotne magni- the Pequod Business College, Meriden,
—
February "Practice. How to Ob- tude has been completed by the Fox Type- Conn. E. G. Brandt, who has had charge of
;

tain the Best Results Without Fatigue- writer Co., Ltd., of Grand Rapids, Michigan,
the Pottsville (Pa.i High School commer-
with Messrs. Thorp & Martin Co., of Boston,
ing the Student." cial teaching for two years, will this year
March — " The Speed Problem."
Mass., whereby the Thorp & Martin Co.
secures the selling agency for the Fox be engaged with the fine new Burdett Col-
April—" Transcription From Short- typewriter throughout the New England lege, Lynn, Mass.; B. F. Smith, Port Jervis,
hand Notes." states. The F'ox typewriter in the hands of N. Y.. will teach the commercial subjects in
May — " Final Preparations." a firm like Messrs. Thorp & Martin, should the Worcester iMass.i Business Institute;
June— " In Conclusion — Knots." certainly mean a very effective combina- A. M. Stonehouse. Lexington, Ind., goes to
I shall be very glad to receive any tion, and e.xcellent results are expected
the Danville, Va., Military Institute; Maud
questions. Shoiald answers to such from this deal.
Anderson, former pupil of the Becker school
questions not be already provided for One of the features of Stenographers' Day of Worcester, Mass., will have charge of the
under some of the heads which 1 here at the World's Fair was the distribution by shorthand work in her alma mater. She
outline, and should it seem wise, the the Remington Typewriter Company of
free admission tickets to the Exposition to
has taught in the city schools and has a
plan above may be modified to meet all the Remington operators of St. Louis and splendid record for practical work; O. T.
the more imperative needs of the also to all the members of the National Johnston, with the four C's, Des Moines,
teachers as evidenced bv their .Shorthand Reporters' Association present during the summer, will be in charge of the
questions. at the Convention. This feature of Stenog- connnercial work in the Mountain State

^^ Typewriter
^^^
raphers' Day attracted much attention in
the daily papers of St. Louis and among the
general public, the company having pur-
chased 3000 tickets for that purpose.
Business College, Parkersburg, W. Va., suc-
ceeding J. E. Plummer. Mr. Johnston is a
Zanerian and a " daisy" with the pen A. E.
Colegrove, formerly principal of the Brad-
:

ford (Pa High School, and, farther back,

)

Field Notes. an e.xperienced commercial teacher, goes to

the Meadville (Pa. Commercial College.
I

The Marc'.h of Miss Boyd, the principal, has obtained a

scholarly gentleman and a flrst-class teach-
Tlie L. C. .Smith Typewriter Co., Syrn..u-i-, tt^e Pedagogues. er; Roy F. Snyder. Easton, Pa., takes charge
N. v., is about to put on the market a t\pe- of the shorthand work in the Malianoy
writer that is said to be a wonderful com- City (Pa.) High School; David W. Jayne,
bination of meritorious features. Every Wilkes-Barre, Pa., will have charge of the
commercial teacher will wait witVi interest R. H. Hankins, recently of King's Busi- commercial work in the Elyria (Ohio) Busi-
an opportunity to investigate its merits.
ness College, Raleigh, N. C, is now with J. ness CoUege; F. B. Hudson, who for four-
It is a singular and interesting coinci- H. Janson, Chesnutwood's Business Col- teen years has had charge of the commer-
dence tliat tlie Hon. Fred N. Warner. Re- lege, Santa Cruz, Calif.; Edward Presho, cial work in St. John's Military School,
publican nominee for governor of Michigan, Manlius, N. Y., steps into E. E. Kent's shoes
for nine years principal and manager of the
and Mr. W. X. Ferris, the Democratic nomi- at the Rider-Moore & Stewart School,
nee for the same exalted position, were both Central Commercial College, Cumberland, Trenton, N.J. Luella R Lyon, Waterbury,
;

associated in the organization of the Ham- Md., has engaged with the well-known Conn., takes charge of a new commercial
mond Publishing Co., of Lansing, Mich., a Duff's Mercantile College, Pittsburg, Pa.; department in the North Craftsbury (Vt.)
concern that is moving rapidly to the front Robert S. Doyle, a Drexel man, is to be in Academy.
 f^^^^uJ/zi^^i^yi^duaiUr* ^
Business Practice— Continund from correct abstract of the Depositor's The Discount and Collection
Page 20. Ledger are the chief daily efforts, and Registers are proved by making out
are usually done without any help or lists from these registers of unpaid
At the end of the week, a weekly direction from a teacher. The proof papers, just the same as an ordinary
proof list of bills payable and the of cash is an effectual check on the bills receivable proof. The notes and
balance sheet are made, ajaproved, clearing house work and needs no drafts on hand should be checked
and the books closed. This office attention from a teacher. with the entries on the proofs, and
has the bank book balanced and When deposits are made the deposit the footing of the discount proof
hands in a Check Book Proof each slips and checks are presented to a should equal the balance of the Dis-
week. It also has the bi-weekly teacher who sees that the checks are counts account in the ledger. If these
statements of account. correctly indorsed and that the de- proofs show a paper past due and un-
FREIGHT AND EXPRESS OFFICE posit slips are made out properly, the paid, the teacher is enabled to have it
slips being approved if everything is looked up promptly.
A full set of station railroad books correct. Notes and drafts to be left
and a cash book are kept in this
for discount or collection are also
office. approved, the teacher examining the Commercial Caw-Continuea from
All packages of merchandise re-
indorsements. Ppge Z3
ceived are opened and the weights Before the Note Clerk enters the
ascertained before bills of lading- are discounts and collections in their re- a legal holiday, the demand is made
issued, or, when received from spective registers, he prepares for
on the first day following a Sunday
another school, before the items are each paper to be discounted a Dis- or legal holiday.
checked off on the way bills. count Statement showing the discount Liability —
Parties to negotiable in-
After the office closes each day, the number, the date, time, maturity, term struments are classed as original and
way bills for outgoing freight are of discount, face, interest, discount,
subsequent. The first are those who
made out, the Forwarding Book and and the proceeds and for each paper were parties to the original contract
the packages of merchandise are and the second are those who after-
;

to be collected, a Collection Statement

marked with the way bill numbers, showing the collection number, the ward acquired a title. Liability is
and all are taken to a teacher to be date, time, maturity, face, interest,
classified as absolute and as condi-
checked off and mailed. collection charge, and proceeds.
' tional. Absolute liability admits of
There is a freight crate consisting These statements are approved if no uncertainty, it is such liability as
of five sections subdivided into con- everything is found correct. These that assumed by the maker of a note,
venient compartments to hold the statements are small printed blanks, who, in substance, says, " I will pay."
packages of merchandise, one section very easily filled out, and quite use- Conditional liability depends on some
for each school day of the week. No condition and is clothed in effect as
merchandise is allowed to remain in
ful. The notes and drafts are filed in " If A does not pay, I will."
a pouch having a receptacle for each follows:
the freight crate more than two day of the month, under the dates of WH.\T THE L.AW DECIDES.
school days. At the end of this time their maturities if payable in the city. 1. In K. V. H. 13 111. 604, the latter
it is taken to a teacher who will see
If payable elsewhere, they are entered sued the former on the following
that it is taken out immediately if
in the Remittance Register and sent statement
the consignee is present if absent,
;
away at once for collection, the entries " Castleton, April 27, 1844.
it is put into a special receptacle
being checked by a teacher as the Due Henry D. Kelley fifty-three
until he returns.
papers are mailed. dollars when he is twenty-one years
INSURANCE .\ND REAL ESTATE As the notes and drafts mature, they old with interest.
The routine of this office is quite are entered on printed and ruled David Kellev."
simple, although careful and intelli- blanks, or memorandums the dis-
; On the back was this endorsement
gent work is necessary. All deeds, counts on a Discount Memorandum " RocKTON, May the 21st, 1848.
leases, mortgages, deeds of trust, showing the date, payer, indorser, Signed the within, payable to Moses
releases, insurance policies, and face, and interest the collections on a
; Hemingway. Henry Kelley."
their related papers are filled out and Collection Memorandum showing the It was proved that the payee be-
date, payer, for whom collected, face, came of agi' in August, 1849. If the"
presented to a teacher for inspection
and approval before filing or hand- interest, collection charge, and the terms of an instrument leave it un-
ing out to stiidents. A Rent Tickler proceeds. These memorandums are certain whether the money will ever
(A Daily Journal) is used as a check approved before the collections are become payable, it can not be consid-
on the weekly collections of rents. made and are useful in that the ered a promissory note. A promise
When a student takes out a lease of correct amounts are assured noting I
in writing to pay a sum of money
his place of business, his name is partial payments and interest) and when a person shall marry, or when
entered in the Rent Tickler under are convenient to the book-keeper in a ship shall return, is not a promiss-
that day of the week and is forwarded making his entries. They also are ory note, since it is not certain that
to that day from week to week until kept on file for future reference. the person will ever marry, or that
he buys his place of business. After The weekly proofs are of the Certi- the ship will ever return. In all such
the checks for each day's rent col- fied Check, Cashier's Check, Certi- cases the promise is to pay on a con-
lections are received, rent receipts ficate of Deposit, Discount, and tingency that may never happen. .So
are made out and the checks, receipts Collection Registers. Weekly state- in this case Henry D. Kelley, the
and Rent Tickler are presented for ments of account are sent to payee, might never reach twenty-one
approval. The rent receipts are then correspondent banks. Atrial balance years of age. The fact that he did
given out. and an abstract of the Depositors' makes no difference. The contin-
The Daily Trial Balance and Proof Ledger are made daily. gency was not sure to happen, and
Sheet shows the proofs of bills re- The Certified Check, Cashier's therefore the instrument in its origin
ceivable, mortgages receivable (in- Check, and Certificate of Deposit lacked one of the essential elements
cluding trust deeds) and cash. Registers have two money columns, of a promissory note, and consequent-
At the end of the week, lists of the in the first of which are entered the ly was not negotiable. The plaintiff
bills receivable and mortgages re- checks and certificates as they are did not have legal title to the instru-
ceivable (including trust deeds) are issued, and in the second are entered ment. The suit should have been
made out and presented with the the checks and certificates as they are brought in the name of the payee.
balance sheet for approval. The redeemed. Those then in the first The time when a note or bill is to be
bank book is balanced and a Check column opposite which are no re- paid must be certain.
Book Proof put on file each week. demption entries are the ones out- 2. In the case of H. V. P., 2 McLean
Statements of account are rendered standing, and their sum should equal 10, the plaintiffs sued as assignees on
bi-weekly. the balance of the account re- a promissory note, "payable at New
presenting that register in the ledger. York, in New York funds, or their
BANK AND CLEARING HOUSE Weekly lists of these outstanding equivalent." The court said whether
Considering the volume of business checks are filed with a teacher and it meant the funds of the State gener-
handled, the checks on the work of a enable him to look up those which ally, or of the City of New York is
bank are not numerous nor at all are outstanding an unusually long not clear. The face of the note is
difficult. Proving cash and getting a time, and to verify the accounts. indefinite, is susceptible of different
 f^^f^uJ//i^^4^i^f/u^^i^r* ^
interpretations, and for this reason
it cannot be considered a negotiable
instrument within the statute.
It is not a note, in the language of
the decisions, payable in money.
" Funds" may embrace stocks, bank d history of penmen, €arly
notes, specie, and every description
of currency used in commercial trans- Business €5ucation, awXi
actions. To be a note, it must be an
uncoiiditio7ial written promise or order (Educators xn Clmerica.
to pav a certain sum of ynonev.
3. In B. V. G. 13 Mass'. 158, the By a. h. HINMAN, Wokcester, Mass.
writing was as follows :

"
Boston, i5th May, ISIO.
'^&M'Mkf.
'

Good for one hundred and twenty-

six dollars on demand.
GiL.MA & HOVT." When on the heart, a weary hand.
The question here was whether the Piatt Rogers Spencer Lies heavily— to thee I turn.
plaintiff could recover without show- And springing, as by magic wand,
(Concluded) Hope's flickering light revives and burns.
ing any title to the promise declared
upon, or any relation or connection Two leading characteristics of Father Then to my bosom dear and true,
Spencer's nature were his great love for the Companion, guide and constant friend,
with the debtor, from which a pre- I bind thee with the myrtle bough.
art of writing and the richly imaginative
sumption might be drawn that the quality of his mind. His imaginative No more to part, my faithful pen.
promise declared on was made to nature manifested itself in his teachings,
him. It is not a negotiable promiss- Fame, Honor, hang upon thy will.
his lectures, and in his verses which en- Heart breathes to heart,tho'sever'd wide,
ory note. If it were, and had the abled him to invest with a sphere of charm- The Lamp of Love shines thro' the quill.
name of the promisee on the back, ing interest the art he loved. No other And there the fires of Genius glide.
the possession of it would be suffi- teacher has ever left so many poems in- —Old Spencerian Compendium, IWT.
cient prima facie evidence of the spired by the art of writing. Revering
eiosina Ode
plaintiff's title. It is not a note pay- nature as the rightful master of all masters,
one favorite direction his fancy took was in OF INDIAN CREEK WRITING SCHOOL,
able to bearer, which would be suffi-
tracing in nature the similitudes to or MARCH 1851. l.i.
cient evidence of a promise to pay prototypes of the forms in writing to which Tune— Auld Lang Syne.
the holder, unless suspicion was he was fond of recurring again and again
thrown upon his title by the maker. in his charming verses— The pen shall never be forgot.
True servant of the mind.
It is not, then, any contract known "The floating clouds the sun's bright beam. Companions of life's greenest spot.
in the law which from its own force The ocean wave, bud, leaf and sky. In the days of " AuldLang Syne."
constitutes a promise to whomsoever The opening flower, the rolling stream
Are letters to the enraptured eye." And here within these hallowed walls.
shall produce it. The payee must be Itsmovements bold and free.
named or definitelv indicated. Poems by P. R. Spencer Have stamped the finished thoughts of all
And honored still shall l>e.
4. In B. v. the B. and D. bank, 6 There is beauty in that letter
Hill, 443, the indorsement was made Which my sister wrote to me; We cease to meet, we cease to greet.
No hand can trace one better- Bound as in sacred spell.
with a lead pencil, and in the figures, More easy, plain and free. Our pleasant task no more repeat.
"1. 2. 8.," no name being written. But say to all. farewell.
Evidence was given that these figures With rose-leaf curves— her capitals
Are shaped of graceful lines. Farewell, that dear old leafless- tree.
were in Brown's handwriting and that And every speaking image blent That droops before the door.
he meant to be bound as an indorser. With undulating vines. That sheltered us in childhood's glee.
In sunny days of yore.
It was held that a person may become The harmony of curve and slope
bound by any mark or designation he Is graced by tasteful shade; Farewell to all, we'll oft recall.
Her heart seems in the picture work Fond Memory's pulse shall swell
thinks proper to adopt, provided it be Her gentle hand has made. Mid scenes and dreams within these walls
used as a substitute for his name, Farewell to all! Farewell!
and he intend to bind himself. A?iy She used to say " Dear Brother!"
'^'ith a rich, ingenuous air; Primary Ode to Writing
7fritlen emblem whereby a party signi- Now she writes the words so neatly.
fies his inte?ition to be bound icill con- Her voice seems speaking there. Tune— "Benny Boat."
stitute a signati/re.
Ode to the Pen I'll do my best to learn to write.
5. In D. v. E., 34 Me. 96, suit was As wpIi as read and spell;
brought by the indorsee against the Sung in Mr. Spencer's writing classes in And then, a letter I'll indite.
the log seminary, public schools and else- To little Mary Bell.
makers of a note payable to the Pro-
tection Insurance Company or order,
where. Tune, Auld Lang .Syne. We used to play in summer day.
Hail, Servant Pen to thee we give Beneath the old elm tree
for "$271.25, with such additional
Another pleasant hour-
!
And though she now is far away,
premium as may arise on policy No. I know she thinks of me.
'Tis thine to bid our memories live.
50, issued at the Calais Agency." And weave our thoughts in flowers! Iknow when Mary learns to write.
The court held that this was a simple The pen, the pen, the brave old pen Each letter will" be fair;
contract for an unascertained and in- Which stamped our thoughts of yore. And twined in words with tendrils light.
Like her own waving hair.
definite amount and was therefore Through its bold tracings oft again
not negotiable. It was also held that
Our thoughts still freshly pour. And all her thoughts will be as bright.
In school-day scenes and social bowers.
And pure as pure can be.
the plaintiff could not, by abandoning And when I do to Mary write,
It paints our visions gay;
the indefinite portion, thereby render I know she'll write to me.
And yields to life's declining hours,
.

an instrument negotiable; which, in A solace in decay. eiosina Cessen — Riram, Ohio, march,
its origin, was non-negotiable. The Then by thy movements bold and true, 1859.
sum to be paid must be fixed and cer- Friend of the laboring mind.
We part — but, whereso'er we go.
Light, shade and form entrance the view.
tain.
And glow through every line. We bear, dear friends — a Speaking Power
In the case of S. v. S., 28 N. H.
6. In thisProud Art— that still can throw.
419, an instrument in language as Friend of my thoughts, in lonely hours. Back to our friends affectirm's flowers.
Instinctively I turn to thee, Due to those hallowed ties that bind -
follows was in question :
And gems and sentimental flowers, Heart to fond heart and mind to mind.
" Str.\tham, March 28, 1846. Kepose in friendship's rosary. Blessings upon "the Art we love! "
Due to Sophia Gordon, widow, ten The mystic messenger of sense
thoiisand dollars, to be paid as wanted for her support, to the amount Which— through the listening ej-e can move.
wanted for her support. If no partis With words of pictured eloquence.
of $10,000. It was not evidence of any Transmit ting thou gilt from cliuie to clime.
wanted, it is not to be paid. debt to any amount, since if no part Triumphant over space and time
Stephen Sc.\mmore." of the money was wanted for her sup-
The court held that above writing port, no part of it was to be paid. It One wish — young friend !

Life be to you a well-writ page,

had none of the qualities of a prc- was merely contingent whether any- Each letter perfect— full and clear.
rnissory note, that it was an admis- thing would be paj'able. Every note Linked in bright lines from age to age.
sion of a special agreement to pay must contain a specific promise ex- Such records Heaven approves full well;
Mrs. Gordon such sum as should be pressed or implied. And such be yours. Farewell! Farewell!
 ^^^fSBu^f/t^^^deu^i^fr ^
Soon the uutauglit hand that guides the '
\*ast Commerce, with her liusy hum of and Harvey were in her mold and physical
pen. men likeness.
May sweep the curve in busier haunts of Owes to the sword less homage than the Mr. Spencer's poetic genius seems to have
men
Where each day's doings on life's active been inherited by his eldest daughter. Mrs.
page. Sara Spencer Sloan of Chicago, wife of the
Arrayed in light shall crown the well-writ Hold the pen lightly; late noted artist, Junius R. Sloan. Her
page. If you grasp it too tightly
Yo'ur hand is made weary poems, written in her most beautiful pen-
ery—
And your letters unsiglitly." manship, would be an inspiration and de-
Give tlie ymn d tr
light to all would she allow them to be
,

Then will the hand obey-

To female taste the frirni it loves, How pleasant is the task to dress published. Father Spencer's love of the
Such will n.it fa. le away. Our tlioughts in forms of loveliness.
law seems vested in his youngest daughter,
KUen Spencer Mussey, widow of General
Ode-Cbe Pen '
The studious mind, determined to prevail. K. D. Mussey. In the pulpits of many de-
Will from its programme strike the one
Freelv glide tlie Pen fur aye; word. Fail." nominations she has delivered popular
Plain and truthful day by day; lectures. She is Dean of a Law College in
.•\s months and years shall glide
away
Adown the stream of time: Come, let us try the good old pet]. Washington, D. C, the only woman who
Friendship's claim mementos bright, And guide it o'er the sheet again ever held such a position. She practices in
Paens, twined with lines of light. Trying through eacli successive litie. the Superior Courts of the United States
Gems that head and heart indite To malie its tracings more divine.
Pearl drops of the mind. and is an attorney for clients in many parts
of the world in matters relating to the
Busy Pen thee we turn.
to Guide well the pen! its magic touch can
!
government.
For treasures old, in memory's urn, (linn-
.Scenes endeared and thoughts that burn The gems of knowledge from the Mind's Of Father Spencer's sons, Robert, the
Kciund Affection's home! plum'tl wing. eldest, an able representative of the science,
For names, bv crumbled fingers trac d. philosophy, and art of teaching writing,
For sentiments all bright and chased— O, bold and beautiful in sound and form,
Of heiirts that throbb'd at our embrace, has for over sixty years been recognized as
O, captivates the eye, the ear it charms!
Hearts pulseless now and dumb. one of the ablest founders and builders of
commercial education in America. Several
Faithful Pen 'tis thine to be, 1862 Father Spencer met with a sad loss
In
national business teachers' conventions
!

The wand of Immortality— in the death of his wife. His intense sym-
The voice of loy'd ones speak through tliee, pathy in her long trying illness, together
have met in his Milwaukee college, and he is
When, silent is their tongue; with the affliction of her death, so wrought now the President of the National Com-
Then graceful by tliy work-and pure! upon him that he seemed never to regain mercial Teachers' Federation.
Chaste thoughts in beauty drest endure.
With diamond liglit greet either shore, fully his wonted spirit and vigor. As the The third sons were twins, Henry and
Upon life's current flung. Spring of 1SIJ4 was beginning to open, his Harvey. Their close resemblance when
declining health obliged him to lay down children caused their mother to know them
his faithful pen. After an illness protracted
Varied forms of noble ease,
through several weeks, but comparatively
by different colored ribbons, and as men
With slope harmonious; and the whole their close likeness was a puzzle to their
.Shall honor the proud art by which free from pain, on the llith of May when It
Mind speaks to mind, and heart to heart. was expected that he would still survive many friends. Henry was of all the sons
some days or weeks, he peacefully passed the most closely identified with his father
Distance may spread between us, friend. away. in the systematizing of what, since 1S60, has
But our hearts unchanged will be; From the triliutes to his memory we select been known as Spencerian Writing. It was
And our tongues will be the faithful pen. the following from the gifted pen of his the writer's (A. H. Hinman's) privilege to
Heard even beyond the sea. nephew. W. P. Spencer, as a fitting conclus- be a special pupil of Father Spencer in the
ion to this ijrief sketch of a truly noble,
"Let the pen glide like a gently rolling useful, and beautiful life: room at Oberlin, Ohio, where, in ISllO, Henry
stream. and his father counseled together and pre-
Restless, but vet unwearied and serene. " A debt of gratitude is due to thee. pared their first system of accurate, mathe-
Forming and blending forms, with grace- Great master of the Pen
matical penmanship for business colleges
ful ease. The beauteous forms, so bold, so free,
Thus letter, word, and line are born to In all the walks of life we see and public schools. Six years later I be-
please." Amid the haunts of men. came for five years the General Agent for
* Wherever commerce spreads her wings, the introduction of Spencerian copy books in
" Art. Commerce and Fair Science, three. To bear the wealth of trade. western normal and public schools. Har-
Are sisters linked in love; This noble art its offering brings, vey A. Spencer was for many j-ears an able
They travel air and earth and sea. And on its record daily springs
Protected from above. The form thy genius made. teacher in leading business colleges and
There's beauty in the art that flings. public schools and has taught large classes
The voice of friendship wide; " The pen glides on. but others guide in southern cities as well as chirographic
There's glory in tlie art that wings track along the page;
Its
Its throbbings o'er the tide." But while time rolls its ceaseless tide, clubs in Washington and Baltimore. He is
Who loves this art will point with pride a man of fair means living in London and
Ode to Ulriting To this its golden age. New York where he is a popular speaker at
" Nor less than in this peerless art meetings for the upliftment of the honest
Blest be " the Art " that kindly (lings
The voice of love through space and time. Dost thou In memory shine; middle classes.
Gives friendship's offerings tireless wings For thou wast kind and pure in heart. Piatt R. Spencer. Junior, the second son
To waft their gems from clime to clime. In life's great drama was thy part Father Spencer, has for nearly fifty years
Played with a will sublime. of
Bv it. through history's fadeless page. been an able, artistic penman and teacher.
The virtuous and heroic name. ' Gone but too soon, Teacher and F'riend, Hisquiet yet artistic nature. much like that
In living lines from age age. Yet tliou hast earned thy tame; of his father, has won for him the love and
Burns o'er our path in beacon flame. It lives in allthy hand hath penned. admiration of thousandsof pupils who have
The works which we blend
of art with come under his tuition in the business col-
Light of the World it sheds the beams
! Thy loved and deathless name." leges of Cleveland and Detroit. Last and
Of knowledge broad as earth and sea
not least, but greatest of all the Spencers
;

And from the land of doubt and dreams

Leads truth and science pure and free. Cbe Spencer Familv as an artist penman, is Lyman P. Spencer
of Brooklyn, N. Y'., the youngest son. For
Then
hail, blest art thy labors still !

While to Father Spencer is due all the over forty years all that has appeared in
Shall bind our hearts in friendship's chain. Spencerian publication has been the pro-
Servant of genius, mind and will, words of praise the world has given him duct of his matchless skill. The largest
AH other arts are in thy train. Mother Spencer is also to be justly credited and most valuable piece of penwork in
with being the strong guiding liand that existence is from the hand of Lyman P.
Cbrowti Out as Copy t« a Ulriting eiass aided the whole family to success. But for Spencer. It hangs for public view in the
I am gaining, gaining, gaining, her magnificent management, character, house of the American Book Co., 100 Wash-
Still advancing day by day, and devotion to her husband, and the rear- ington Square, New Y'ork.
I am gaining, gaining, gaining.
But perfection's far away. ing of his numerous sons and daughters,
all loyal, the Spencerian .System would in W. A. Baldwin, a former Zanerian College
I am trying, trying, trying. all probability have foundered and gone student, is now policy writer for the Cori-
Still keep trying day by day. down like other craft launched on troubled seavative Life Insurance Company. Los
Still keep trying, sometimes crying. Angeles, Calif. Mr. Baldwin recently favor-
But perfection's far away. seas. She was a woman of massive build, ed us with a three page letter written in
dark olive- complexion, of a magnetic force rapid engrossing script, such as insurance
Onward, upward, yet perfection that worked as quietly but sturdily as the companies demand. Mr. Baldwin is a skill-
In the distance mocks me still, ful penman, as well as an accomplished
Tearsaiid labors, constant neighbors, engine of an ocean steamship in carrying nuisician, and we are much pleased to learn
Up the chirographic hill. forward the cause. Her sons Robert, Henry of his success on the Pacific Coast.
 ^^^uJ//t^i^^^^^i^r'
Cbc Future of tbc Private state or go out of business. The result will Some higher institutions are providing
be that we will have a few worthy schools extended courses, covering three or four
Business Schools* w^here the higher grades or post-graduate years, but time and money preclude all but
course w^ill be given in commercial branch- a few from taking these courses.
es, including shorthand and typewriting. This large body must continue in the
The following abridg-ed report of future, as they have in the past, to rely on
Mr. Charles E. Benton, Ph. B., proprietor the private business schools for their train-
the committee appointed to consider
the question or the future of the
of a business school in New^ Bedford, Mass- ing, and as the demand for these graduates
achusetts, says: is constantly increasing, the graduates from
private business schools, and to re- these schools must therefore keep pace with
port thereon at the .St. Louis meeting
As in the past the private business schools the demand.
found a work to do that was not l>eing done I speak, therefore, with confidence of the
of the Private Commercial School by the public schools, so will they in the broad and profitable field ahead for the
Managers' Association, June 27 to future till an otherwise unoccupied lield of business college. *
usefulness.
July 1, was drafted for the committee In 1S%, the regents of the state of New
by M. L. ]\Iiner, principal Miner's A very short but pertinent ana 1> sis comes
from Edward P. Ingersoll. D. D., secretary York passed a law providing state direction
Business Academy, Brooklyn, New of the profession ofaccountancy and estab-
York. The report was received by of the American Bible Society:
I cannot judge of the trend of things so
lished a standard forthnse in the profession
the association with a rising vote of well as yourself, but I should say analogic- to be recognized as "certified public ac-
thanks to Mr. Miner. ally that the private business school is countants." Soon after, the New York Uni-
In this paper, time will not permit a his-
needed just as much as select schools, versity in New York City established a
academies and cnl leges. There is a class of
tory of the work of the business school, nor mind that will be better taught in the department co-ordinate with its department
was that subject assigned to tliiscoti unit tee; private schools. I believe that the public of law to provide a course that would lead to
yet, considering that the future cannot be
and tlie private business schools will have the degree of "'Bachelor of Commercial
a wholesome effect upon each other; a
determined but by taking into considera- wholesome competition is of great value. Science." This department is known as the
tion the achievements of the past, it seems William Mc Andrew, principal of the Girls' "School of. Commerce and Finance;" Pro-
pardonable that the retrospective be a fea- Technical High School of New York City fessor Joseph French Johnson is the dean of
ture of the report. (this school is a part of the public-school this school and his opinion of private
In order that this report be not confined system), writes as follows: business schools is given in the following
to the experience and observation of the I would say that one mark of what the letter:
members of tlie committee, who are all future of private business school is to be The private business school has been the
school proprietors, we have sought the mav be seen in the cut at the head of 3'our pioneer in commercial education. It has
letter, slK.winu a school, which started a succeeded because of the public demand
opinions of others in different parts of the VLTv short tiiiu- ;iuo witli a verv modest for the kind of instruction itori<Tcd. At the
country, some representing other vocations b.'giiuiiiiu, now o(-rniMiiiL; the wlu.le block. present time the public high schotds are
and having more than a national reputation Ht-rney's growtli sliows the same thing; undertaking to do the work that has hither-
that there is a gniwing demand for prac- to been done by the private school. Butmv
for being foremost in educational thought tical, direct training for business, and that observation leads me to think that instruc-
and commercial enterprises. if it is under the management of live, active tion in the high schools is not yet so thor-
Letters were written to these contributors men, it is bound to succeed. ough or practical as it is in our best busi-
I believe that the private school of every ness colleges. That fault may, and probably
asking their consideration of this subject sort will, during the lifetime of the present will, be remedied. Nevertheless, it seems
and stating what use would be made of generation, always find clientage. to me that the private school will still have
their answers. its clear field of usefulness.
The next letter is from President Charles
The Hon. John Wanamaker says: W. Eliot, of Harvard University. We
have heard from school men, college
Answering your letter, requesting my In reply to your inquiry of April 11, I beg presidents, and leaders of commercial af-
opinion of private business colleges, I am to say tiiat private business schools seem fairs. The last letter is from the great
pleased to say that my observation and to me to be institutions which supplement
experience lead me to esteem highly the leader of commercial affairs of this great
the work of the public schools for young
advantage to any city of such a school as people who have had no access to good commercial nation and that is the Honor-
the Peirce Business School of this city, and schools, or have been obliged to leave school able George B. Cortelyou, the retiring Sec-
others of similar kind in other cities. at too early an age. The supply of belated retary of Commerce and Labor at Wasliing-
He speaks of the Peirce School. We have pupils of this sort is likely to continue for
many years; but the gradual improvement ton
a letter from the manager of that school,
:

of the public schools will in time diminish While the future of any individual private
Mr. L. B. Noffett, in which he says: the supply. business school, as of any other enterprise,
There are three facts that enter into your Mr. John J.Eagan, proprietor of the school necessarily depends largely upon the intel-
question. First: The population of all parts ligence applied to its management, there
of the country is rapidly increasing, requir- bearing his name in Hoboken, New Jersey, can be no doubt that there is abundant room
ing, of course, more schools of all kinds. (and may I add that it is one of the best for the extension of the work of schools of
Second: The average young person is now schools in the east), has this to saj': this nature. As theconnnerceof the United
given a better education than ever before States, both domestic anr.i foreign, is rapidly
and spends a greater part of his youth in The commercial development of this increasing, the opportunities ifor profitable
school. This also increases the demand country has called and will continue to call engagement therein are constantly broad-
for schools. Third: The public free-school for the t3''pe of office worker which is the ening and a larger number of persons is
system of the country is endeavoring to especial product of the business school, as annually entering its field. Whatever will
keep pace with the constantly increasing distinguished from the graduate of the enable young men to take up commercial
demand for educational facilities, and it is high-school four-5'ears' commercial course. pursuits with superior equipment must
now possible for a young man or woman The busine-^s school, in myopinion, is not necessarily enhance their prospects of suc-
to prepare for any vocation in life with little in competition with the four-years' course cess. I believe that business schools and
or no expenditure of money. in the public high scho<)ls, but it is in very schools of commerce in the I'nited States
I believe that this question, so far as what active competition with the one- and two- whose teachings are practical and adapted
I may term tlie "good" schools are con- year hicli-school commercial courses. It to current conditions will steadily find a
cerned, niav be answered unhesitatingly in adapts its course of study to the actual larger patronage and a greater field of use-
the affirmative; but each school must stand requirements of the business world, omit- fulness.
upon its individual merits. ting those subjects which are valuable in
Mr. T. W. Roach, superintendent of Kan themselves but not absolutely necessary. We have before us the opinion of six
For the commercial or shorthand school business-school proprietors and six other-
sas Wesleyan Business College, says: of the three-months' variety I see no future, wise engaged of these latter, three are in
Yours of the 1st instant duly received. In and there should be none. There are now ;

reply as to the future of private business too many of these schools. the highest educational positions of the
colleges, I will say that the educational Mr. A. D. Wilt, who conducts the Miami country one is the great commercial king,
;

world has begun to recognize in a " dazed " the statesman and man of affairs another
sort of a way that business education is of Commercial College at Dayton, Ohio, says: ;

importance, and that it counts for much- The universities, colleges, and high- has achieved great fame as a gospel preach-
The state will soon provide for a business school officers have come to regard com- er, and because of his business ability was
education that will be equivalent to the mercial education as an absolutely neces- chosen to one- of the highest positions in
ordinary business college. The regular sary preparation for all who expect to enter
private business colleges must offer some- business life and who have property inter- connection with the greatest religious en-
thing better and higher than given by the ests to protect. terprise of the world the other began his
;

^=?^<^-2--iC;(^^-^S<^^541^XJ_-^^
 f^^^u4/ned^^luaiiS7^ ^
career by taking a course in a New York Our highly esteemed co-worker, W. N.
/^^^^ar^tr,. Ferris, is giving the good people of Michi-
city business school, became a stenographer gan an opportunity to enjoy his superb
and reached the topmost round in the ladder oratory. Even though this is presidential
commercial education and is now assum- vear, and although Michigan is naturally
of
control of the greatest political function
NcM's Notes kepublican in politics, Mr. Ferris is cre-
ing- ating a great deal of enthusiasm. We cer-
in the greatest nation of the earth. and Notices. tainly wish for him success in this cam-
paign, because we believe it means success
Each speaks from a different view-point, and .good government in Michigan.
but there is a general unity in their conclu-
sions they acknowledge that the private
; Mr. N. C. Brewster, formerly of Elmira,
school has been the pioneer in commercial ^Ir. A. II. Stf\eii>oM, uf the Hrvaiit A: has opened in connection witii the Public
Stratton Business Schoiil, Bullalo, N. High School a School of Business, Short-
education, tkiat it is more readily adapted
"l .,

now has charge of tlie commercial depart- hand, Typewriting, etc., at Wellsville, N. Y.
to current conditions than the ponderous ment of the Boise. Idaho, High School. The school will occupy the auditorium in
machineiy of a board of education can pos- We congratulate the people of Boise for the High School building. Mr. Brewster
having secured the services of so capable writes that prospects are very good. He is
sibly be that better results can be obtained an experienced commercial teacher and a
:
and faithful a teacher as Mr. Stephenson.
l)y a short course in a private school than Our best wishes follow him in his new field skillful penman, and will no doubt arouse
one of the same length in any public school ; of labor. interest and accomplish much good in that
city.
and perhaps the most encouraging thing Mr. G. B. Jones, formerly of Catskill, N. Y.,
that could possibly be said to this body of has been engaged as supervisor of penman- Alan Presslev Wilson, who last session
school proprietors, that there is grander ship in the Lockport Public Schools. Mr. had charge of the department of English
Jones has had about twenty years experi- and Correspondence in the Morse Business
and nobler work ahead for the progressive ence in teaching, holding excellent testi- College, Hartford, Conn., has entered the
school that seeks continually to broaden monials from school officials and patrons ministry of tiie Methodist Episcopal
its scope and raise its standard.
as to the character of his work, having Church, and is at present located at No.
received instruction from such eminent 1635 Edmondson Ave., Baltimore, Md.
Emphasis may especially be given to the penmen as Flickinger and Kibbe.
fact that the success of any school depends The Mueller Business School, Mr. D. D.
H. K. Durkes is the newf teacher in the Mueller, President, and Mrs. H. S. Mueller,
almost entirely upon the personality of its Hall Business University, Youngstown, O. Principal, is a new commercial school of
manager or managers. Mr Durkes was formerly a student in the Cincinnati, O. Mr. and Mrs. Mueller are
Every great enterprise, whatever the Zanerian, and we wisli him much success widely and favorably known in the com-
nature of it, has been a growth around a
in his new field. mercial teaching world as wide-awake, en-
thusiastic, progressive teachers, having
man or a few men of energy who have been H. G. Ranney, Northampton, Mass., has
charge of the commercial work in the New devoted fourteen years to teaching in Cin-
its nucleus. Harvard University was set Britain [Conn.] Commercial College, the cinnati, where their students are numbered
in motion through the masterlj' mind of position having been made vacant by Miss by the thousand. The success of the school
is assured, and we wish it all that it may
Governor Winthrop, who was incited by a Nina P. Hudson, whose marriage annftunce- merit. Cincinnati is getting to be a large
ment mav be seen elsewhere in THE BUSI- city, and there is ample room there
desire to have his sister come from England NESS Educator. Miss Hudson possesses
for a
first-class school.
and become a resident of the new world. unusual ability as a commercial teacher,
She hesitated because there was no school and not everyone would be able to follow Francis G. Allen, of the Shoemaker-Clark
her successfully, but we believe Mr. Ranney School, Fall River. Mass.. renews his sub-
to educate her children, so the gos'ernor will be able to meet the conditions and
scription to The Business Educator in
put forces into motion that brought Har- maintain his reputation as a successful the following encouraging words: "We
vard into existence, and it has been grow- commercial teacher. enclose herewith our check for $1.00 for THE
ing ever since. The fanae of our national C. A. LeMaster, formerly of the Drake Business Educator for one year, begin-
goverment, ever increasing in glory as the Business College, Jersey City, now has the ning with the September issue. We feel
principalship of the Drake Business Col- that no teacher should undertake to .get
centuries roll, and admired by every nation lege, Orange, N. J. Mr. LeMaster states along without THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR.
of earth, was the product of a few masterly that they have an enrollment of nearly KM Our school opened up Monday morning
minds stirred to activity by the exigencies students, and that their prospects for next with an enrollment twenty per cent ahead
year are most excellent. Mr. LeMaster has of last vear."
of the hour. The great inventions of the
just favored THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR
present century came about in the same with a good-sized club, "and I expect," he
way. states, "to put in some good licks for THE
The growth of our manufacturing and BUSINESS EDUCATOR this year, which is
without doubt the only journal devoted to
commercial industries is multiplying op- penmanship and business education." Interesting
portunities for men, quick of thought and
adroit of hand. For the past five years,
Claude A. Monroe, formerly of Tvner.Ind.,
is anew teaciier employed iii the Wisconsin News Items
there has been an increasing and unsatisfied Business College, Racine, Wis. Mr. Monroe
for such, despite the great number is quite a skillful penman and is also a
demand teacher of most of the commercial branches.
of graduates from all kinds of institutions.
What was the cause of the terrible disas- M. A. Albin, with whose pen work our Have you noticed the famous names and
readers are quite familiar, and who has the splendid work in penmanship in this
ter on East Kiver on June 15? Incompetent until recentlv been connected with the vear's EDUCATOR? Has it occurred to you
men in commercial positions. Why are we Metropolitan "Business College, Minneapo- that THE Educator is but four years old,
.obliged to endure the " bridge crush " in lis. Minn., has opened a school of his own in its present form, and that it is but nine
in Portland, Ore., known as the Multnomah years since it made any pretensions to be
New York City? because commercial
It is
Institute. Mr. Albin reports that prospects iiiore than a school paper advertising the
conditions are outgrowing thp men in are exceedingly flattering. He has secured Zanerian Art College? Does it not strike
charge of affairs. elegant new rooms, constructed and ar you that such growth is the result of right
work of the private business schools
Tlie
ranged especially for his use. and has methods and intense devotion to correct
equipped them handsomely. The unique principles, both business and professional?
isbut fairly begun. If they fail to advance name of the institution is an Indian name, Will you not indicate your appreciation by
or cease to exist, it will be the result of in- which is also the name of the county in clubbing us?
competent management. But we are not which Portland is located. It is full of
legendary Indian suggestion, and as much Miss Cora E. Holland, formerly with the
desiring or expecting to see failures except of a favorite among the people of the North- Meyersdale (Pa.) Business College, is now
with that variety known as "fakes." The west as Minnehaha is with Minnesota
with the Central Business College, Denver.
people.
sooner they close their doors, the better it Mr. Albin will be assisted by a sister, who
will be for the community which sustains is a progressive teacher of several years' G. E. Creits has charge of the comtriercial
their parasitic life. e-xperience. department of the Oklahoma State Baptist
College, Blackwell, O. T.
There was a time when Spain thought Howard Champlin, wlio formerly had
that she had achieved the zenith of glory charge of the writing in the public schools Miss Margaret H. Shick, a Drexel gradu-
and adopted the motto, " Ne plus ultra," of Cincinnati. Ohio, now has charge of both ate is in charge of the shorthand depart-
nothing beyond subsequently, Columbus writing and drawing in tlie public schools ment of the Jacobs Business College,
of Bellevue, Kv., Locklan i, Hartwell, Car-
;

discovered the new world and other pros- thage and St. Bernard, Ohio, H- also has
Dayton, Ohio.
pects opened t)efore them and they realized charge of the penmanshipin the Cincinnati
that their motto was narrow and inappro- Y. M. C. A. night school. Surely he has Mrs. Bishop, the efficient teacher of
priate. They dropped the "ne" and it was enough on his hands to keep him busy and shorthand and typewriting in Childs' Busi-
made to read, "Plus ultra," something be- we should judge that his salaries amount ness College. Pawtucket, R. I., is now with
to even more than the sum he received the Heflley School, Brooklyn.
yond. while supervisor of the work in the Cincin-
Thus may it be with the private business nati schools. Harry R. Carson, a recent graduate of the
schools of the United States, SOMETHING Lincoln (Neb.) Business College, has joined
GREATER BEYOND. S. E. Leslie, penman in Eastman College,
the faculty of the Lincoln High School.
Respectfully submitted, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., favors The BUSINESS
M. L. MINER, EDUCATOR with a handsome club and When Sherwin Cody's series of articles on
accompanies the same with a splendidly
JEROJIE B. Howard, written letter in the Mills style. It comes English begin in these columns, you may
John E. Gti.i,, closer to Mr. Mills' own work than any we lie=ure that von are not getting a meal of
Cotxituittee. have yet seen. warmed-over potatoes. His material will be
 *^^^^uJ//l^d^(^i(/iUYlX^ ^
fresh, not mere extracts from articles uate of the Shenandoah (Iowa) Normal
appearing concurrently in other journals. School, where M. E. McMahon is handling ^^r;?^,
He can afford to do this because he is paid the commercial work.
cash for his work. You know how to show
appreciation of such enterprise.
J. P. A. King, a recent graduate of the
Worcester (Mass.) Business Institute, is one
Scl^ool and
Miss Mary S. Small is in charge of the of the faculty of the Drake Business
Woburn (Mass.l High School commercial
work this year.
College, N. J. Professional
C. E.Hutchinson, a Colby College man; of
Arthur Taylor succeeds A. H. Holmes in Haverhill, Mass., will have the development
the commercial department of the Short- of the new commercial department in the
ridge Hieh .School, Indianapolis, and Mr. Barberton (Ohio) High School. Call's College, Pittsburg, Pa., issues a
Holmes resumes his old position in the good catalog of thirty six pages. In it we
Grand Kapids (Mich.) High School. see some excellent specimens of penman-
Miss Blanche E. Simpson, South Bend, ship bv our former pupil. Mr. Willinm
Ind., a graduate of the South Bend Com- Bauer.' With Bauer at Call's, Stitie :it
mercial College, has been chosen to open Smith's, and Burtnerand Keaserinthe High
the commercial department in the Shelbina .School, the penmanship interests of
(Mo.) High School. Pittsburgh are being looked after as they
should be.
Wm. Chambers,for eight 3'ears in charge
of the graduating department of the Detroit In the September number of the South
Business University, is in charge of the Bend, Ind., Commercial College Reffector
John A. White has been re-elected in junior commercial work in the Troy 'N. V.) we notice that the College has had built to
Moline, 111., at an increased salary. Xo Business College. order a large, fine dormitory and boarding
more upright, sturdy, or progressive hall expressly for their out-of-town students.
commercial teacher can be found, and the Do vou teach office work ? Have vou read This bespeaks progress and prosperity for
Moline people are to be congratulated that Mr. Davis' articles in the September and tliat well and widely known institution.
they can retain him. this number of The Educator? If not,
you are not quite fair to yourself or to The Georgia Normal College and Busi-
A. M. Stonehouse, Lexington, Ind., has your students. ness
charge of the commercial work in the Institute, Abbeville, Ga., catalog
Danville (Va.) Military Institute. reaches our desk promptly each year.
H. T. Kelly, a recent student of the Everything indicates that this institution
Zanerian, will handle commercial w^ork in is gaining a well-deserved, extensive rep-
B. F. Smitli, Port Jervis, N. Y., will teach the Lebanon (Pa.) Business College this utation in the South for excellent work
the commercial subjects in the Worcester year. along practical educational lines. Mr. and
(Mass.) Business Institute this year. Mrs. Kuhl, with whom we are personally
W. W. Robbins, recently of Columbus, acquainted, are not only thoroughly quali-
E. G. Brandt, last year in charge of the Ohio, IS to be the principal of the Poplar fied in their lines, but are sincere, en-
commercial department of the Pottsville Buff (Mo.) Commercial College this year. thusiastic, thoroughly trustworthy people.
(Pa.) High School, is a member of the Miss Emma Duncan, Powellsville. Ohio,
Burdett College faculty, Lynn, Mass. will handle the shorthand work. "The Illustrated Bee," Omaha, Nebr.,
August 4, 1901, contained a fine full-page
Joel Hadley, a recent graduate of the J. Estlack, Vashti, Texas, has been
C. photo of Mr. H. B. Boyles, President of
Marion (Ind.) Normal School, is the com- chosen as principal of the Cape Girardeau Boyles' Business College, together with a
mercial teacher in the Pequod Business (Mo.) Commercial College, and Miss Sue readable article upon business education in
College, Meriden, Conn. Grosshart, of Odessa, Mo., will have charge and about Omaha and Boyles' new building
of the shorthand. for his school.
David A. Javne, Wilkesbarre, Pa., a grad- Mrs. Wolcott, formerly Miss M. J. Dixon,
uate of the State Normal School, will be the is to be associated this year with Miss
The Davis Business College, Toledo, ()., is
principal of the commercial department of issuinga green-covered, to-the-pointcatalog
the Elyria (Ohio) Business College. Elizabeth Campbell, Dan vers, Mass., in the in the interests of that institution. Mrs.
commercial work of the Somerville iMass.) Davis and Thurber P. Davis, widow and son
High School. Mrs. Wolcott, at the time of of the late M. H. Davis, are manifesting
F. F. Von Court, vear with Brown's
last her marriage, held the position now commendable courage and judgment in
Business College, Sioux City, Iowa, is witli occupied by Miss Campbell, and was their endeavors to carry on the institution
the Central Business College, Denver. commonly regarded as the most effective on the same high plane that has made it
lady teacher of commercial work in New so well known and successful. Not long
Miss Caroline O. Farnsworth, who for England. Her professional friends will since a party visited Toledo with the in-
several years has been in charge of the welcome her to their ranks. tention of opening a business school there,
commercial work of the X. Des Moines High but after having visited the Davis Business
School, has accepted a position in the Eagan The Legislature of Georgia passed a law- College he said money could not induce him
School, New York. Mr. Eagan obtains one last summer providing state uniformity of to start a rival institution, which speaks
of the finest lady teachers in the country. common school text-books. A sub com- well for the institution and the gentleman
She will have charge of Benn Pitman mittee of educators taken from different himself.
shorthand and touch typewriting. parts of the state passed on all books sub-
mitted and made a report to the main D. S. Hill of the State Business College,
O. T. Johnston, a Zanerian, and a good one, commission. In accordance with this report Minneapolis, Minn., a recently organized
too, follo%vs J. E. Plnminer, at the Mountain the commission has recently adopted for institution, reports that everything points
State Business College, Parkersburg, W. Va. exclusive use in the grades the following towards a booming school. Their equip-
He was with Darling's Business College, books published by Ginn & Company: ment is of the very finest, and thev are
Fergus Falls, Minn., last year. Bacon's Arithmetics, Wentworth's Practical sparing no pains to make the school a
Arithmetic, and Frye's Geographies. splendid success. Mr. Hill encloses speci-
Roy F. Snyder, Easton, Pa., a graduate of mens of ornamental penmanship, which
Lafayette College, has been chosen for the Professor William M. Davis, of Harvard are very creditable indeed and rank him
shorthand work in the Mahauov City (Pa.) L^niversity, has lately been elected high as a penman.
High School. Corresponding Member of the Imperial
Russian Geographical Society. Dr. Davis Frank A. Wolfhope has purchased the
is well known through his text-books on
F. B. Hudson, for many years the effective Elliott Commercial School, Martinsburg,
commercial instructor in St. John's Military physical geography published by Ginn & W. Va., and will hereafter conduct the
School, .Manlius, N. Y., is now with the R.- Co ipac school under thename of the Martinsburg
M. & S. Schools, Trenton, N. J. Mr. A. N. Moritz, Villisca, Iowa, formerls'
Business College.
with the Minnesota School of Business,
Miss Luella R. Lyon, Waterbury, Conn., Minneapolis, will be in Canton, 111., this Draughon's Practical Business Colleges,
has been chosen to open the commercial vear in charge of the commercial work in continues to branch out. The last school
department of the N. Graftsbury (Vt.) the high school. organized was at Knoxville, "Tenn., which
Academy this year. was opened on July 2nd.
Miss Sara Deniing. a Ferris girl, last year On September 15th the companj- opened a
J. G. Osborne, last year with Cedar Valley in charge of commercial work in the Raisin school in Paducah, Ky., having absorbed
Seminary, Osage, Iowa, has bought the Valley Seminary, Adrian, Mich., goes to the Smith Business College at that place.
Bath (Me.) Business College. Helena. Mont., to take charge of the com- On October 4th, the company will invade
mercial work in the high school there, at a North Carolina for the first time. It will es-
Miss Irene Van Kleeck, a Cornell graduate, salary of $100 a month. Who says the tablish one of its schools at Raleigh. With
lastyear in the Roanoke (Va.) High School, women are not keeping pace with the men ? the establishment of the Raleigh school,
has been elected to take charge of the com- Draughon's Chain of Colleges will li.ive
mercial work in the Oshkosh (Wis.) High Herbert M. Rublee, a graduate of the fifteen links.
School. Oshkosh is to be congratulated, Jamestown (N. Y.) Business College, has
and so is Miss Van Kleeck. engaged with Brown's Business College, Northwest Business College, Bellingliani,
Bridgeport, Conn. Wash., is the title of a sixteen page folder
H. W. White, Brown's Business College, catalog, in which we find the well known
Bridgeport, Conn goes to the Le Mars H. B. Lehman, the well known penman and familiar faces of Aug Wilson and W. F.
,

(Iowa) High School for commercial work. who has been at the Chicago (III.) Business Gie«seman. From the catalog we are pleas-
He is one of E. L. Miller's boys, of Simpson College for some years, has been engag- ed to note that these two persons have
College, Indianola, Iowa. ed to teach writing in the Central High joined hands for the purpose of conducting
School of St. Louis, Mo. Mr. Gray, a former a school which was established in ISSIl at
teacher of book-keeping in the Chicago Lynden, and which was later moved to
V. A. Crosthwait, New Market. Iowa, has Business College, will succeed Mr. Lehman Whatcom, Wash. No one will be missed
,

been employed by Piatt's Commercial as teacher of penmanship in that institu- more at our annual conventions than our
College, St. Joseph, Mo. He is a recent grad- tion. old-time and true friend Giesseman. We
 f^^^ud/n^d^d(iai/fr ^
sincerelv hope to see him with us now and The Wilmington, Delaware, Business
then, but above all we wish for him the ,>: r-?^ ,
,
^>^:^r:*>. School, W. H. Beacom, Proprietor, issues a
thirty-two page catalog, which for quality
healtli and prosperity he so richly deserves.
Here's to the new institution and its able and size, is about as near our ideal as any
corps of teachers. we have seen for some time.
Catalogs
The Woodstock, (Ont.) Business College "Yes or No?" is the title of a thought-
was purchased last Julv by A. P. Gibbon
and M. Brophy. who will continue the in-
and Circulars inspiring leaflet advertising the Rhode
Island Commercial School. This institution
J.
stitution under the same name. lias also got out a most ingenious device rep-
Tliese gentlemen opened school Septem- resenting the ne.xt inmate of the White-
ber 1st and report that their enrollment was house, and making a most effective plaj- on
much larger than they expected it would The Scho..l of Couiinerce of the (irarid the \vords " push " and " pull."
be. The Business Educatok extends Prairie .Seminary. Onarga, 111., Stephen B.
best wishes to thenew management of the Van3enthuysen, Director, issues a 32-page, The fortieth catalog of Peirce School,
institution. purple-backed, profusely illustrated catalog Philadelphia, has just reached our desk. It
of that institution. is a quiet, substantial volume of 144 pages,
G. W. Stanley, who formerly conducted W. A. Tliompson, Pontiac, Midi., the show containing a very interesting historical
Stanley's Business College, Thomasville, sketch of the founding and development of
card mail instructor, is issuing a con- this now internationally famous school. It
Ga., has purchased the Southern Lanier vincing, 16-page circular of his practical art
Business College at Macon, Ga.. and is now specialties.
gives the names of 1S20 students enrolled
conducting this institution underthe name last year. Its careful syllabi of courses and
of Stanley's Business College, having dis- subjects of study should be in the hands of
continued the school at Thomasville. The Capital City Commercial College, all who aspire to thorough, worthy work in
Madison, Wis., issues their 20-page catalog in commercial education. The verbatim re-
the form of a railway time table folder, and port of Secretary Leslie M. Shaw's address
E. W. Gold, formerly connected with the a most effective piece of advertising it is in-
Butte, (Mont.) Business College, in con- last December, at the annual graduation
deed, sliowing far more originality and exercises, is alone worth all that it would
nection with VV. X. Cassmore. formerly with ability in catalog making than is evidenced
the Richmond (Ind.) Business College, probably be necessary to send Mr. L. B.
by the most of the advertising literature Moffett, the Business Manager, for a copy of
have joined forces and opened a new school received at this office. the catalog. .Send him ten cents in
in Seattle. Wash., known as the Seattle
Commercial School. They report very stamps and we l.)elieve that, although it

flattering prospects for their fall work. It Banks Business College, Philadelphia. evidently cost a great deal more to issue
is their intention to conduct a high-grade Pa., issuses a modern, 48-page, cream-colored this publication, he will have pleasure in
institution, and they have secured very de- and covered catalog with red side titles, and sending it to you.
sirable quarters which they have furnished large Roman type, quite out of the ordinary,
with fine solid oak, flat-top office desks for and verj' effective. The American Book Company issues a
the students, and with other furniture to gray backed
fifty-six page, five by seven,
correspond. The Kirksville, Mo., Business College, A. catalog of the well known Williams &
We of same with
acknowledge receipt H. Burke, Principal, is issuing a 24-page, 6 by Rogers commercial school publications.
very attractive advertising literature from 8, grey-backed catalog, which gives one the
the new institution. impression of a good school. The Peterson College, Scottdale, Pa., is
issuing a profusely illustrated catalog of
One of the best illustrated school circulars that institution, the script and half-tone
received at this office came from the illustrations being of the kind that win
Lawrence, Mass., Commercial School. students.

"Queries" is the suggestive title of a 76- L. B. Sullivan, the hustling nrincipal of

page booklet, containing questions and the Commercial Department of the Uni-
answers by the query class of the Omaha, versity School, New Orleans, La., issues a
Nebr., Commercial College, issued by good, twenty page, blue-covered circular
Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Thomas Rohrbough Bros., Proprietors. Tlie ques- announcing the merits of that institution.
tions and answers in this booklet have
announce the marriage of their daughter been selected from the many that have
Viola May come before the class, which has been W. F. Caldwell, Principal of Brown's
to
conducted for some years by Mr. M. G. Rockford, 111., Business College, knows how
Mr. William C. Henning Rohrbough. to put out attractive, student-bringing
on Tuesday afternoon. August the ninth advertising literature.
nineteen liundred and four " Faces and Facts, " by Haverhill, Mass.,
at their home The Ellis Publishing Company, Battle
Iowa City, Iowa
Business College, is tlie striking title of a
unique, sixteen-page, profusely illustrated Creek, Mich., issues a 44-page catalog de-
At Home circular containing portraits of students scriptive of their printing establishment
after August 22nd, 19M and information of that institution. and "Learning by Doing" publications.
1257 Fifth Avenue
Cedar Rapids, Iowa Tjarnell it Foote, Proprietors of the The Selvidge Business College, Ardmore,
Holyoke, Mass., Business Institute, are I. T., and Gainesville. Texas, issues a
issuing an ideal, good-sized, eight-page well illustrated, green-backed, creditable,
Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Cramer school journal entitled "The Business 32-page catalog in the interest of that in-
announce the marriage Institute Advocate." stitution.
of their daughter
Annie Ervilla "The Traveler" is a neat, newsy, little The Rutland, Vt., Business College, L. J.
to 12-page journal of information, inspiration Egleston, Proprietor, issues a splendidlj-
Scott E. Leslie and exhortation in the interests of the planned, printed, and illustrated catalog of
on Wednesday August 10th, 190i Commercial Text Book Co., Des Moines, la. 36 pages in the interests of that practical
Amsterdam school.
N. Y.
At Home "The Old Gem
City Business
Reliable"
after August Fifteenth College, Quincy. 111., issues this year a (U- The Merrill College, Stamford, Conn.,
page catalog containing enameled paper issues a College journal on plate paper,
Poughkeepsie making it an expensive but excellent
N. Y. with great variety of beautifully printed
110 Mansion St. illustrations,comprising script, portraits, medium for first-class half-tone printing.
and school views. This is the most credit-
able piece of advertising we remember ever Whenit comes to getting up interesting,
having received from this institution. The first-class school journals, the Scranton,
Mr. and Mrs. G. P. Rasmussen cover is in mottled blue with embossed Pa., Business College easily takes rank
announce the marriage of their daughter script title in gold. with the best.
Ida Estella
to
Mr. Wesley W. Knislev,
The Shoemaker-Clark School, Fall River " College Record " is the title of a .Ti-page,
Wednesday, August the tenth, has issued a typewritten list of some of their 6 by y circular, issued by and in the interests
nineteen hundred and four, former students now in remunerative of the Grand Island, Xebr., Business and
positions. It is more than eiglit feet long. Normal College, A. M. Hargis, President.
Trufant, Michigan.
It's a good thing.
At Home The tenth annual Commencement Ex-
after September tenth, ercises of Wilson's Modern Business One of the most attractivelv covered, little
Grinnell, Iowa. College, Seattle, were held Aug. 12. We 16-page booklets received at this office came
wish we could have accepted the invitation from Atkinson Business Institute, Reno.
to be present. Nevada.
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Williams Hudson
announce "Wliat Do You Lack?" is the name of a Advertising literature has befn received
the marriage of their daughter most effective advertising folder issued by from the following Wilson's Modern
:

Nina Pearl the Wilkes Barre, Pa., Business College, Business College, Seattle, Wash.; Greer
to printed in two colors. It is well worth send- Business College, Braddock, Pa.; Western
Lemuel Franklin Noble
Mr. ing for, because of its suggestiveness. Normal College, Shenandoah, Iowa; Actual
on Wednesday, August the twentj'-fourth Business University, Fremont, Ohio;
nineteen hundred and four The Commercial Text Book Co. has issued American School Furniture Co Chicago, ,

Saint Johusbury, N'ermont a very neat little booklet in the interest of 111.; Rider-Moore & Stewart College,
At Home their" publications. They call it "The Trenton, N. J.; Lansing, Mich., Business
after September the tentli Traveler," and it will be sent to teachers University; Roach Business College,
13 Richardson Court free. It contains many helpful hints on Beaumont, Texas; and the Zeth School,
South Framingham, Mass. teaching. Altoona, Pa.
 f^^fS^Ui^^i^U^^dfu^i/fr' ^
effort to unload on to somebody else. If you
have concluded to join the helpless class,
or (what is the same thing) don't care, I will
tell you how to go about it.
In businsss let others do all the thinking
Cl^e Success Circle. and planning. Let your wheel run along in
the first rut you happen to strike into. Never
do a thing not required. Never surprise an
O. Department of fncouracjement, 3n= employer with a displ&y of genuine intel-
ligence and interest in your work. Never
spiration, Progress, Bcaltl], €tc. broaden your mind by study and self-
improvement in idle hours. The sporting
Conducted by L. M. THORNBURG, Paterson, X. J., page and the criminal news in the daily
Commercial High School. paper ought to be enough mental food, and
sundry sports can fill in the rest of the time.
7^j:iii^> v^^^»g;ij>>4^;jji^^^
'
In time you will wonder why other men are
getting to the front, and you are away in the
rear. But you will have abundant com-
the bear, then the lion, then Goliath. (David pany in the rear places, and the fellow at the
factors of Success. front will be lonesome because there are so
worked up by degrees, to the giant.) Master
A friend of mine, once a failure, but the probleti athematics, and know the few of him. So you will be consoled.
If still in school, study with sole reference
who is now headed successward, has joy the hard things in other
to getting through. Never mind how the
kindly asked me to place before our studies, and see i'hat tonic to the mind the
'
;
history or science or mathematics or lan-
Success Circle readers the following hardest thing in i-our day's work at office or
shop, and see hoi ^ strong you will be for the guages may fit into the great plans for life.
stirring article to young men by Mr. Then when the spring fever comes and the
next day; the ter iptation that assails 3'ou,
Archer Brown, the reading of which, and feel the joy of deliverance. Master your studies are wearisome, urge the question of
in The American Boy two years ago, iid know what it is to have giving upschool and"going into business"
spurred him to right action and God's approval- In the home let father or mother or broth-
Do er do every helpful thing, you throwing-
proved the turning point in his idle all this faithfully until it becomes a
habit. Then see how strong your mind lias yourself a dead weight on the others to be
career. carried. Let others plan and execute every-
become, how secure your conscience, how
CONQUERING DIFFICULTIES. you jump ahead in your work, how you grow- thing. Speak of it as "uni," never as "we."
Every j'outli would like to attain success, to be a master of men. The world yields to Idly, feebly look on wonder how it is done
;

honor, and influence. But nearly every one such a spirit as that. if it succeeds criticise
; if it fails.
fails. Why? Because there are difHcuItiep Commence to-morrow morning the obsta- In society take the position you happen to
in the way. What are these difficulties? cle-conquering habit. If it fails you in a drop into. Let parents or accidental cir-
The things that prevent achievement— the year or two of honest effort, go back to the cumstances settle that for you. Xever have
hard things. What is the customary way hat>it of surrender before difficulties, and a live plan or inspiration yourself, but gaze
of treating them? To dodge thetn or slur take your place with the great mass of men vacantly on while others carry forward the
them. Why should that be the common who wearily hold aloft the banner of de- movements that refine and cultivate.
way? Because it is the easy way, of course. feat. In politics let "uni" do it. Let the saloon
Put down in a little book the hard things or the corrupt gang rule, because it takes
HELPFUI, OR HEI.PI.ESS— TO C..\RRY OR thought and effort to down them. To think
that you dodge or slur in twenty-four hours,
and study them a little. You are in school, BE CARRIED. out your own opinions in public affairs and
and the first thing that strikes you in the A
disinterested observer of the world will act upon them ought not to be expected if
morning is a difl^cult problem in mathe- note the singular fact that a small remnant you have dedicated your life to a career of
matics, science, or translation. There are a of mankind carries all the rest on its should- helplessness.
dozen different ways of getting around it, ers. For every man of means, of influence, But perhaps you will decide that you have
all easier than to conquer it. You are in an of power to help, there are nine (perhaps powers which, if trained and directed with
office, and a knotty question in accounts ninety-nine would l^e nearer the mark) to conscience and with steady purpose, will
conies up. It will take an hourto master it, lean on him. The business he has built up enable you to lead, instead of to trail after;
but only a minute to get an older head to employs scores or hundreds, who in turn to help, instead of to be helped; to carry
help out. You are at home, and suddenly support dependent families. The brain work your ninety-nine, instead of being one of
some trifle irritates the temper. Everyone he does affords capital which hiin<lreds who the ninety-nine to hang upon a stronger
knows it is easier to indulge it than to con- do not use their t^rains live upon. His moral man.
trol it. A sudden temptation comes among character is the standard and guide for If so, you must accept responsibility.
a group of good fellows. To yield is easy to ; many who follow instinctively where a Cultivate strength rather than weakness.
resist is hard. So it follows that surrender strong man leads. So, among the other Think yo'ir own thoughts. Form— with the
to obstacles is the rule, successful resistance things which a young man must decide for aid of good counsel— your own plans. Ex-
the exception. ecute with steady purpose. When the tired
himself is whether he will carry or be car-
But here and there a young man does feeling conies on. summon that ready and
ried whether he will be helpful or helpless
;

overcome. He triumphs, and we recognize commanding help, the will. If the back-
whether he will be in his particular sphere
a master. He acquires the conquering a leader or a trailer. bone develops signs of weakness, take for
habit, and presently we find him rejoicing a tonic or stimulant a few bracing chapt-
The habit of helplessness begins early. It
in the strength that cotiies from repeated grows, and with many men becdfnes fixed
ers out of the biography of Lincoln, Mc-
and easy victories. After that his course Kinley, Gladstone, or any other man who,
before the voting age. The first symptom
through the world, in whatever vocation he with God's help and a great aim, has
is the dodging of the responsibility, the
engages, is natural conquest, and achieved results. You will in due
the fellows who weakly yielded Thornburgh in his sleeping tent, Ranclie, Bella Vista, Cum- time take your place in the small
when difficulties arose are the ma- mingg-, California, where he spent part of the summer. and elect company of the wc rld's
terial he builds on. helpers.
There seem to be two ways only
of dealing with hard things. First, "We can so educate the will-pow-
is to succumb. Yield to the tired er that it will focus the thoughts
feeling. Give up mathematics be- upon the bright side of things, and
cause it's tough. Drop history upon objects which elevate the
because it's dull. Give up the soul, thus forming a habit of hap-
piness and goodness which will
fight for the top in business be-
make us rich."
cause it takes so much effort.
Abandon the desire of religious
life because it is hard to resist sin.
"Every repetition of an act
Follow this line of surrender two makes us more likely to perform
or three years; then examine your itagain; and there is in our iiie-
backbone. Test your mind, your clianism a tendencv to perpetual
moral strength, your conscience. repetition until oiie Ijecomes a
See how your whole capacity for slave to his constantly repeated
acts, and he is as irrrevocably
achievement has been weakenctl chained to his deeds as the atoms
until you are an incapal^fe, per- are chained bj' gravitation."
haps forever, like most of the lunk-
heads around you.
But try first the other thing. Enclosed find list of subscrip-
Grapple the first difficulty that tionsand the necessary to pay for
comes up. Wrestle till you down the same. I like your paper and
it, if it takes till break of day. Get think it has no equal in its line.
on top of it with both feet. First The J. C. ESTLACK,
Roberts School, Bowie, Tex,
 ^^^f^ud/ned^(S(/iu^iUT^ ^

/.,.

SPECIMENS OF BUSINESS WRITING BY STUDENTS Ol- J. F. CASKEY, ELLIOTT SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, WHEELING, W. VA.

K. W., W. Va. How much you have im-

I. way of writing? Your movement exercises
proved during the last year! Are you not are good. Now give the small letters care-
C. E. DONER. glad you got away from the old copy-book ful attention.

C. T. A., \V. Va. Your movement is good.

Now iget it well under your control in mak-
ing small letters and figures. You have an
excellent teacher.
W. H. D., Ont. Your movement exercises
show that you have a good movement. I
want you to practice the small letters
thorough IJ-. Notice little things in making
figures.
B. H., W. Va. You have done well in four
weeks' time. Use good ink and a good pen.
Make vour elliptical exercises more com-
pact. By the end of the year you will not
know your present style of writing.
W. B. L., Okla. T. Use heavier and better
paper, and a good pen. You have some
movement but it is a little wild yet. Make
the elliptical exercises more compact.
Practice thoroughly on the small letters.
But don't neglect movement. Keep on.
O. C. N., Mich. Glad to get your practice
work. Y^ou write a good hand now, but I
see you are determined to make it better.
Your movement e.xercises are good. No
special criticisms. Get down to business
on the figures and small letters.
C. D. P., Texas. Your movement exer-
cises are well made, which is to say your
movement is good. Now do your best on
small letters and figures. Get your move-
ment under your control.
R. R. S.. W. Va. I like your work. Your
figures are good. Your exercises show a
well controlled movement. This year's
practice will mean a great deal to you. Keep
right at it.
E. U., W. Va. For your age you do excep-
tionally well. You are a good student.
Your movement is good. Get it well under
your control. I'm interested to know how
much you will improve this year.
 114 Grand Avenue, Kansas City, Mo.

Cess«n no. Z.

Have y.)u mastered the work given in the first lesson? If you iiave not, possibly you did not put forth the proper effort— didn't give
itenough time— probably not enough thought, as well as practice. As thinking makes the man, so thinking makes the penman. Unless
you have made improvement by means of your practice on last lesson and are very well pleased with the results, it should l)e thoroughly re-
viewed before taking up this one. By asking if you ha ve mastered the work T don't mean to con vey the idea that you should be able to
make letters perfectly. We don't jump into great skill by cogs, by making one letter perfect before attempting another, but gradually, by
improving all letters together. Increased skill on one letter helps, in a way, all the rest.

Hr* VOH eenverted to Penmanship ? The point is not Aow were you converted, but are you converted ? Do you feel a burning
desire to be a good penman? Do you enjoy following the labyrinth of curves and shades that constitute ornamental penmanship? Do
you think about it during the day and dream of it at night? Are you giving yourself over unreservedly to the shrine of penmanship?
Are you wrapped up in it? Do you love it ? If you readily assent'to all these quest ions, you should have no great difficulty in making a tine
penman. But, if you don't feel that way the chances are you will not make very mucii progress until such a time as you do feel like saying
"Amen " to the foregoing questions. One day in my younger years there came to the little country school house where I learned the
rudiments of what I know, an itinerant teacher of writing, who exhibited some of his specimens and announced tliat he was organizing
an evening class at a neighboring school. Some flourished birds and shaded writing constituted his display, but it was sufficient to
accomplish my convertion to penmanship. So thoroughly was this done that I could think of little else during the afternoon. On my
way liome my mind was full of plans by which I might persuade my father to allow me to attend. Imagine my glad surprise when I learn-
ed on reaching home, that the teacher had been there and I had been enrolled. Being of tender years and having no brothers or sisters
to go with me my father went. Pens, ink, paper, and a little hand lamp constituted my outfit, and what a novelty and joy combined was
that first night's experience. I wrote my first specimen with a great deal of heart palpitation, and I'm not sure whether I misspelled
" specimen ", or whether my father corrected me and liad me write it over. Little thought had I when the announcement was made that
a prize would be given to the one making most improvement, that I had any chance for it. But how I did practice during the ne.\t few
weeks (the term of 12 lessons were given two or three a week). My work was not in vain for at the last evening the committee decided
that I was entitled to the prize. I didn't stop then, but kept on with my practice. A little later 1 procured a copy of Gaskell's Guide, and
a year's subscription to the Penman's Gazette. These rekindled the smoldering embers: they have never since gone out.
 >Iy teacber since then has been " everybody", all penmen and penmanship periodicals have contributed to my aid. Allow me to say
that he who aspires to become a penman, must read penmanship literature and procure work from different penmen. Don't be so narrow
as to think you can get along without the inspiration of others' work, not so stingy that you refuse to pay them the very reasonable price
they ask for it. It will be worth ten times the cost to you.
Scope of movement. The average student of business writing has not sufficient scope to do good ornamental work. Movement ex.
crcises, same as used for business writing, should be practiced, making them as large as the movement will permit. The muscle should
be elastic enough to permit of making them three spaces high, that is, crossing two lines on the paper and touching the fourth one above
the base line. In addition to such exercises practice liberally on all the exercises of number 7 of this lesson, keeping the arm on the table.
I do not advise much whole arm movement.

t>OAfor ji/rr /v»-

^yy^. ---^-i-^^^^C-t::.^/ .^^^-Z-'eft-j^^tT-^^ ^^^^f7-T,^^^^TZ-€'<:iy-..^^^^^^

Coucb. Beginners in ornamental work usually have trouble with the pen. It has a tendency to stick in the paper, spatter ink, etc.
Pressure on pen is too heavy. Ease up and touch paper lightly. Practice and care will overcome the difficulty. Even penmen sometimes
have difficulty in getting touch when changing to a finer pen. Don't always blame the pen for being scratchy, for it may be your heavy
touch.
Keep Specimens of Vour Work. The average student is prone to discouragement. They are in such constant touch with their
own work, see so many errors, that tiiey are likely to underestimate the improvement they do really make. We all need encouragement;
it is hard for us to accomplish much without it, and we don't usually get it without merit. Hard work, rightly directed, usually ac-
complishes good results, and good results produce inward satisfaction as well as praise from others. As a means of realizing the full ex-
tent of your improvement I suggest that you lay away specimens of your writing once a month and compare specimens at those periods.

^^>i^<^<^'3-C^^Z^
 ^^^^ud/n^d^Qf&u^i^/^ ^
Copies of Cbis Cesson. Practice them in order according to numbering, devoting a libera mount of time to and 7. Work hard
li

with these shades and hair lines. Don't persuade yourself to believe you are making them right hen you are not. Study and criticise
until you see just where you stand.
Notice the sliading of small letters on No. 9. Lower loops are made with combined movement. I use largely luscular
(with just a little flnger) on them. Study the instructions attached to the letters on left of plate.
All of your spare time for a month can be spent profitably on these copies and reviewing last lesson. Do your best at any rate

Cike a new Queen. Xoarli

I cavil *»r«
CI s
Teachers for Grahaiu Sbortharni,

Wanted!
Qf Book-keeping, Penmanship and
.Managers for branch schools. Now
I^ESSONS IN ^ ^
"The Educator of the New Year is like
a 'New Queen' among a hive of bees. It will open more
have 15 schools established, and
Address, DraI(JHON's PHArTl-
aw ENGROSSING
up the drones of penmanship."
stirs CAi. Business College Co, Nashville, Tenn.
CIRCULARS
Slingerlands, N. Y. Fred Neh?iei.ah. SEND FOR SPECIMENS <&

HY. C. W^ALKER.
The Card Writer
Writes cards at 5585 Vernon Ave. ST. LOUIS. MO.
15c. per dozen.
Mt MnrrlK
norrls. ^^^ Style, any
sure
int.

to please.
III
III.

Order
name.
today.
Fine and BLANK CARDS AND PAPER.
Send for Samples and Price List.

Broadens and Strengthens. lood grade of Student's I'ractice Taper, eithc

nfdcin wide or ordinary riilint:, §1.25 per 1000 sheets.
The Birsi.NESs Educator is a welcome ONE DOZEN CARDS elegantly written
visitor; has the right spirit back of it and in my best style, 26c. Tamblyn's Glossy Black
contains that which tends to broaden and Ink Powder, for one pt. of flne ink, 35c. Powder
strengthen its readers. Very truly, for bottle of fine White Ink, 2.5c.
Freeman Taylor.
F. ^. TAMBLYN.
1114 Grand Ave. KANSAS CITY. MO.
Francis B. Courtney
Har^d'Wf'itin^ Spooiallst Vhv go to "COia-EGE " — 1
TO LEARN BOOK-KEtHlNC
Expert Microscopic Examiner of Forged ,, WHEN WILL MAKE A
1

andlQuestioned Writing.
|){Irst-ClassBook-Kpepcr
LACROSSE. WIS.. All orders for cards, )e: w/A,/ I'V yiir .*T v«>i K ow\
Care F. J. ToUnd. Hand cut cards— -JxS/ H<»>!K 111 six i>eeli» for S:« or

3-Ply A No. Wedding

1 Bri; «0 75 $2 10 rjiTToStX KEl'l |;N .\Hi.NKV. Fair eiioughv
.3-PlySuperfine 1 10 3 15
S-hly Oolored or Tinted 2 40 fherp. FREK! Have plncpd THiif.^AN DS. Per-
italogue of printed Bird & Emblem cai ips can place YOl!, too! «.743 testimonials
ceived from pupils! .«.! VE THIS AX/l WRITK.
LW. McBEE, 19 Snyder St., Allegheny, Pa. II. COODWIN, Eipi-rt .tcfounlant. Room
070, 1315 Broii<ln.-i:i, IVE^T YORK. \. Y.

^Tkc EKdorsGi2?ci2t of oarPairoKi^

l^s tLe Highest

i DESIGNING aMGM/ING for i

AEDTJGAHONAL institutions is OURSPEGIAIT'H

SEND FOR >SPECIAL PRICE- LI^T

1 MIGfflGAN ENGRAVING CO.I

2Vz PEARIvST.
=, GRAND RAPmS.MIGH..
 f^^^ud/n^d^^^f/iu^iXpr* ^

BY J. D. TODD, WOOD'S COLLEGE, NEWARK, N. J.

M LLS'S Correspondence
I

School of Penmanship = PENMANSHIP TAVGHT BY MAII^ =

Isan exclusive school of pen- LesaoDs Weekly with Red Ink Criticisms of practice work. Personal attention to each student.
manship. If you feel the Copies fresh from the Pen. Finger Movement quickly broken up and Muscular Movement made
need of improving your easy. Correct forms of letters taught, clear instructions for every copy. Beautiful copies, graded to
writing you should send suit individual. Keep up your practice and improve after you leave school. No failures. A good
stamp at once for full infor- hand guaranteed or nioney_ refunded. Six months course in Business Writing, $5 00 Ornamental. ;

mation concerning oar $7.00. Diplomas free. One superior pen holders and a package of our smooth -writing Business
(

school. Address. Pens giveu free to each student We also teach Pen Lettering, Found Hand Script and Artistic Card
Writing. SEND f.^r our RFE CIRCuLoRS.
Stf&yr'B Business College. HARMAN <a ELLSWORTH. Phil»aclphi». Ra.

Parents Cbank Ccacher for Tntroducing f^'-

'^
the B. e.
M. W. Blankinship, of the Zion Business
Faust's Automatic Shading Pens Are the Best
111., who has been favor-
College, Zion Citj',
ing The Business Educator with some
good sized clubs, writes; "The parents of
many of my pupils are thanking me for in- We
troducing the valuable B. E." Maaufucture
These Pets,
BEST FOR THE WIZARD IMP. Also
F. B. Courtney has no superior as an all-
round penman; his card writing is particu- FAUST'S
larly dainty and beautiful. This is what he SHADING-
says about our blank cards :

"Your assortment of cards is excellent. PEN INhS

The colored ones especially are unique and
catchy. The quality adds tone to the writ- d FAUST'S
ing. You deserve a large sale and I believe PATENT
you will have it when writers generally
know that they can secure the best in the MYOGRAPH.
market from you."
English Bristol, 13 colors, per lOOO 90c
Norway Wedding Bristol, White, \ «. ,c
**-*^
Sample
per 1000 ; We are wholesale and retail dealers in all kinds of Penmanship Specialties, Writing Pens.
100, assorted, by mall 25c Cards, Card Board, Fine Inks, Oblique Holders, etc. Everything needed by students or pro-
fessional penmen.
F". s. he:a.th, We have just issued a fine, large, illustrated catalogue. Send for it.

50 DUNELEE ST, COBCORD, H. H.

BEST FOR YOU. AUTO PEN &, INK MFG. CO., 40 DEARBORN ST CHICAGO. .

C^^'-i^-^^'rCc^.z.'-T-:^ (Z'-yz^ ^4.c.^~£cd^h.^..''Td .-ct^f-t..^^ ^i^^rt-'^z-^ .^^u^c-t^ C7%^/^<^^i*<^^^^i/<:^£c^::<^^<::i€^^S:'^ I

I
 «^.*^
'l?f l[}C^li<"
'^^^'^'
Vr- 1-^

^,^-iz^^^tn^-^..--i!^^A^-€y

iHS IN LINE AND SHADE, BV C. C. CANAN. PENMAN AK IIST. AND AUTIIO:e, BKADl-OKD, PA.

€be Old Camp Bouse.

BY C. C. CANAN.

The old log house was bright and warm.

The dancing light around us played.
We sat in silence, free from harm,
Amid the noise the wild wind made. %/ ^////f/' /r//y /'//. J /////.
Our hunting coats were stacked away. FOK PERIODICAL, CIRCULAR, BOOKLET A CATALOGUE^
The guns, now placed upon the wall. Attractive. Arlistic. Space-saving. Eye-catching, Di^niried, Correct:mm
Were faintly seen in trim array.
The flashing light dim on them all.
The old brick chimney, glowing bright,
The rattling windows, square and small,
The noisy pines, the stormy night,
Were with us. j'et were lost to all.
PAPER.
and save 5<J
Headquarters for School Paper. Place your orders for papers and
lote books in time to allow shipments by freight direct from mills,
per cent, on what you now pay.
We sat in silence, each alone.
We can supply you with anything in the line of writing paper.
Nor heard the waves dash on the beach. Embossed Stationery (with name of school), put up in handsome special boxes {24 sheets
While tender memories of home and 24 envelopes), in various grades and shades, sold as low as 25cts. a box and upward, in
Flashed with the tire in minds of each. 100 box lots.

Dear friends of home, your faces glow Studio Writing Paper, White ve, 10 and 12 lb.,8xl0'2. put up in half-rea m packages if 500
To-night at Mooseliead in the rain sheets. ^2 ream (500 sheets) 10 lb., 45c. 12 lb., 50c.
In flames that wierdly come and go,
;

1 ream (1000 sheets) 10 1b., 80c. 12 1b., 95c.

5 reams, per rean 10 lb., 75c. 12 lb., 90c.
And flashing bright, expire again. 50 reams, per rean 10 lb., 70c 12 lb., 85c.

Practice Paper, $1-30 per rea of 960 sheets; $1.20 a ream in 5 ream lots.

Thorns and Flowers. ream of 1000 sheets: $1.90 a rea m in 5 rea n lots. We lave
A beautiful l)ook of poetry by C. C. Canan.
Printed on best paper; bound in white with Case lots (about 500 lbs.) of paper are shipped from mill by freight,
embossed gold title; silk cord; twenty-four e shipped from New York by express.
pages. Contains thirty-five selected gems Typewriter Papers, put up in boxes, 500 sheets to rean I and upward;
of poetry Even if you have not been in- : 1.3. 43 cts. a ream and upward. Send for free samples
terested in poetry you will appreciate this
book. It is worth many times its price Stenographers' Note Books, No. 1. FOR PENCIL, 2 cts. each in 1,000 lots; $2.50 a hundred.
of 25c. No. 3. For Pen. 3^ cts. each in 1,000 lots; $J.00 a hundred.
Artistic Alphabets, Size. 160 pages, 4^4 x 9 in. Larger sizes in proportion. Send 6 cts. each (for postage! on
A book containing ten masterpiece alpha- sample books.
bets and many examples of high-grade
penmanship. Price 75c. Circular for stamp. THE KINSLrEY STVDIO
25! Congress
C C. Canan,
St. Bradford, Pa. Wm. J. KINSLEY. Manager
Opposite City Hall Park
245 Broadway, Ne

I ^^^'Z^^'-y'^Cd-A^^if £Z^^Z^ ^^OC-^^^^^-^l^^^e-'Tzf ^Ci^^i.^^ ^>/t<Z^?'l^ ^7^.£^T4^ C^^l^ TS^codiy^'ZU^^^^e^^cc^'a^/^if'r: I

 f^^^u^/n^d^^if/iu^aiiT^ ^
-::=^ ^^^^^-f

Portraiture
By p. W. COSTELLO, Scrantoi]
ic:<)iiiment by C. P- Zanerl

We have here an excellent example of the

art of portraying likeness and character in
pen portraiture. Frequently the beginner
in this line of work lays too much stress
upon line, as though the ability to make
skillful lines is the primary essential in por-
traiture. This is not the case. Lines are
but servants of light and shade. There-
fore, if you can become successful in this
line of work, study carefully the play of light
and shade upon the features. To do this,
nearly shut your eyes and squint at the
example so as to obscure details, and then
carefully study the location and character
of lights and darks. If you will look again
you will see that this portrait is neither
light nor dark, but gray or middle-tone in
character. You will see that but a small
portion of it is light and but a small portion
dark. It is these dark and light places you
must learn to see before you can hope to
represent them. Learning to see is of more
importance than learning to make lines.
Send us your efiorts so that we may see how
well you are doing.

Specimens
Received

Son if bu *iness
orna Ijeen
received from J. A. Buell. Secretary of tiie
Red Wing (Minn. Business College. Mr.
I

Buell not only writes well, but evinces

ability,which if developed to its fullest
would make him one
e-xtent, of America's
foremost penmen.

Some specimens of ornamental penman-

ship received from M. Davis, penman in the
Capital Business College, Salem, Oregon,
indicate good ability. Mr. Davis is evident-
ly giving this work considerable attention
and secures some very effective results.
A letter written in a business hand, full of
individuality, is at hand from Mr. E. H.
Fearon. who has charge of Toland's Busi-
ness University, Mankato, Minn. Mr.
Fearon is a strong man, and his handwrit-
ing discloses it. Teachers Wanted!
Mr. J. A. Elston favored us with a recent
specimen of hispen:nanship aftera month's
careful and thoughtful study and practice
from the Compendium and I'heory of Pen-
manship. The improvement he has made We want men and women teachers of all the commercial and
is more than ordinary, and his penmanship
therefore looks quite professional. shorthand branches — beginners as well as experienced teachers. We
Some unusually bold, intricate, ornate
can find plenty of vacancies, no trouble to do that — but to find
penmanship in white ink on violet cards is teachers for these places is more difficult.
at hand from the skillful pen of Mr. H. O.
Keesling, proprietorof the Lawrence, Mass.,
Comtiiercial School. Mr. Keesling does not
allow his school managing duties to inter-
Keep your name re^lsterecl -writh us at all times
fere with his penmanship, — }ou never can tell when lightning nia.v strike in the form of a fine
Mr. J. F. Caskey, teacher of penmanship offer for you.
in the commercial branches in the ISlliott
Commercial School, Wheeling, W. Va.,
recently favored us with some specimens We offer free Registration to a limited number of
of his students' work, among ^\hich was
one written by Mr. Herman .\blte, a fifteen teachers until further notice. Write for blanks.
year old boy. It, like a niiinl)er of the other
specimens, has a professional swing to it.
It indicates that Mr. Caskey aims at and
secures something more than mere read-
able writing; namely: accurate writing The Kinsley Commercial Teachers' Bureau,
Form and movement are combined in a
manner highly complimentarj' to all con-
cerned. Wm. J. KINSLEY, Manager. 245 Broadway. New York.

I C{e:^'V~e^'r^<^Le^'rtf a^^vz^ '^c(^^-£i.^i^^i.£,^T^ ^ct^-t'^ t^^z^a^'n^ ^2^.^%^ /zry ^-y^-z^ C^h^.T^M^^^^i.i^i^d^^.C'Oet^trr [

 ^^^/-/ ///^//^ ///////////////////^
^^
(T Enarossina Script for Beainners. number Cwo.
Cessons in
By H. \v. KII3BE. isi Trejiont Street, Boston, Mass.

^ Make tlie element "iven le-^on between hend and base lines and as large and as small as possible. We prefer to make
in thi-
lower
z:^

turns' without lifting the pen, and when good paper is used
there will be very little trouble in keeping the lines clear, and some time is
saved Both ways have advantages and disadvantasjes. Tliese elements when used to make ui, n or ;, should be connected at near the

middle, and we usually lift the pen at the angle. Wedgeshaped shades
must be avoided.

= Stet-eoiypecl =
Busir&ess College
English —

"I have to break a stenographer of

that stereotyped business college style, as
I call it, before I can trust her to write even
the simplest note without dictation," said
a prominent business man the other day.
The thoughtful business man is making
a great effort to get away from those life-
less forms that make a business letter so
stiff. He wants simple natural, easy, cor-
rect and effective English, and he is willing
to pay for it.
My ' Good English Form Book in Busi-
ness Letter Writing" contains over a hun-
dred simple, natural letters of the kind a
business man likes, and besides it contains
"Points on Correct English" (gist of gram-
KV C. \V. K.\NSi>M, KANSAS tTl V. Ml
mar in four pages), " Points on Punctua-
tion" (brief summary for everyday use),
Spelling Reminders at the bottom of every
page, a number of Actual Business Letters
corrected in notes and rewritten as model
letters, and a vast amount of suggestive
information in notes following the letters in-
tended for dictation and copying purposes.
However short a commercial course may
be and however little can be made of a
systematic study of English, this book of
mine, used for dictation and copying exer-
cises indispensable in learning shorthand
and typewriting, will get the student into
the atmosphere of good English, a liking
for correctness will be cultivated, and the
student will use the book every day after
getting a position. It is the kind of book a
business man would like to have his steno-
^<yCo<^'VVVAVU(^y& grapher own.
Mr. C. C. Rearick of the Standard School
,

of Chicago, has dictated the letters twice

Cslv '--or^ over to his classes already, and says " This:

is the best brief manual on letter writing,

and the ONLY good dictation book in
existence."
Many important adoptions have already
been secured.
Cloth, 12mo. 75 cents. Special price to

Specialization Marks The Ace !

teachers for e.xamination, 50 cents.

Commercial work furnished— FREK

Specialists for all kinds of
Are you a Specialist? We have a place for you. Write now
!

SHCRWIN CODY,
for full particulars. O PROMPT! O RELIABLE!
School of English

WARRENSBURG TEACHERS' AGENCY, '^''MfisVfdi'^^' 623 Opera House, Chicago.

V^^^Z^^TiLu^y^ a^-n-</ 'i'iciJ^cA-fiu-'y^ -^.vt^ i-A^3^i^k- ^y-cn^ /p-f ^ C7%.z. /^«.i<^^-«<i<^ £<2^^^-t«^<'^
 f^^^uJ/^i^Sy^f/u^^Ufr* ^

Minis iind Helps in Le.tte.rin<{, •%

Designing, Etc.
Cl..MI>K Dextkk Sckirnkr. DO YOU WEED A TEACHER?
We can put you in correspondence with fl BHIIIIN IN BlflNK CHIIBS.
the one you want.
I have purchased tlie entire salvage stock of the
Cesson no. 6. DO YOU WANT A POSITION?
Poundsford Stationery Co. of Cincinnati, O., the
We have here two designs known as " cut We can help vou to secure one. result of their recent $70,000 fire. While they last
outs" among newspaper artists. Usuallv Write for information. they go to first come at the following prices :

tlie decorations are in pen and ink, and a

halftone set inside tlie line work. This CLICK'S TEACHERS' AGENCY 100 - IBc.
makes a much stronger printing plate, as E. L. CLICK. Mgr., Concord, N. H.
500 50o.
1.000 90-.
the screen iiT halftone would cut the black 5,000 80~.
pen lines and make them look gray. Studv 70^.
the arrangement of scrolls carefiilly, and WEAVER'S Correspondence School of Pen- 10.000
the effect it produces. "Cut outs" can be manship and Drawing, Mt. Morris, Ills , 20 000 60 T.
made in any shape, but usually are wanted Offers the best instnictiuns in the various Here is a chance to get some of the finest cards
to fit a certain space. The lettering in " cut branches of Penmanship and Drawing. obtainable for fine penmanship. Please state
out" work is shadow lettering. Outline Write today for fall particulars. whether ladies' or gents' size is desired. Samples
letters in pencil, then ink only where the Free. Address
shade would come, right side and bottom.
Erase the pencil lines and you have shadow A.. 3. STEVENSON.
letters. Almost always in " cut out " work, 18 Lifayelle St. HOME CITY OHIO.
the part where the halftone is to fit is paint-
ed in black, so that in photographing it
gives theengraver a line to go by, and makes
the plate register and fit correctly.
Study the scroll work and decorations in
the double 'cut out." It is modern and up
to date, ]ust
'

what is used in newspapers

day. Keep the scrolls graceful and well
to-
SPENCERIAN
balanced. Not too many scrolls. Rather
have not enough than over doit. This is
The Standard of CXpCI DF\IC
practical \\'ork and lam sure it will pay vou
Excellence for O L-LIL rLllJ
I
to spend some time on it. Try some of your over forty years
own inventions, in various forms. Square,
round, oval, palette, etc. Put several to-
gether, as though you had the photos all
ready, and had to get it out for reproduction
on short notice.
Lessons will be criticised through the
columns of this journal, if return postage
Know
is enclosed. How to
File
We have filled Documents
-Legal Bl
MANY POSIT IONS Card Record;
Credit Reports
in the
Deposit Tickets
Insurance Pol
BEST BUSINESS COLLEGES Books —Report
during the past season and still Samples —Check;
Clippings —Invoices
have PLENTY OF PLACES for —
Notes Letters— Papers
Simijly check the
FIRST CLASS TEACHERS.
Select a pen for gour writing from
FKEE REGISTRATION if you men- a sample card of special numbers for cor-
tion this paper. respondence. 12 pens for I Oc, postpaid.

Thftt's the tirst step in simplifying your office

Continental Teachers' Agency, or factory- detail. And do it
THK 8HAW-W4I,KKR TOSIPAXY,
NOW.
nnfibeirnn. Mich. ^
SPENCERIAN PEN CO.
iBranch at Chicago the Marquette Building.
In
349 Broadway. NEW YORK CI"n

I ^^^?-s*<''^c<ii^>?^/ a^'Tz^ ^icc^-^t^d^^Le^-rd .,€<»<.'€£ £'A.-ci^->7^ yu^o%^

 f!^^^3^ud//t^^^<aif/iu^itfr ^
THE CHEAPEST BOOKS ARE THE BEST
HAVE YOU SEEN THESE ?
Only When They Are The Best
modern Gommcrcial Bookkeepina
modern Commercial Banking,
modern Commercial Penmanship,
$2.25
1.00
.50
OURS ARE BOTH
Ulilliams's Commercial Caw, . 1.25
iUilliams's English Grammar, .75 If you have not bought all your Books
Clarke's Shorthand, . . . 1.25 for next year, or if you are not FULLY
graham, i

yours truly, \
f
Benn Pitman, > . 1.50 SATISFIED with those in use, write
I firegfl, J
for our catalog and confidential price list.
Quide to touch tvpewritins, . . 1.00
Shorthand Dictionary 50
new Business Speller, . . . .25
new Business Correspondence, . .25 Billed to Schools for Examination at half price.
Prices on the following supplies will
be quoted on request.

Shorthand note Books,

Penmanship Practice Paper,
journal and Cedger Paper,
Pens, typewriter Paper,
TtieGoniiiieiGialTeKtBooKGoiDiiaDy
Bookkeeping Blanks.
DE:S MOINES, IOWA.

Row P\° >°" ""''' ^° "Uprose your M LLS'S Correspondince

'
LJBrsiNEssWRiTiNG; to become I The Prait Teachers' Agency, [
I

School of Penmanship
TIbOUt a fine Artistic Writer; lo know j
70 Fiftl Avenne, Hew York, t
Is conceded by the leading
M. .„ all about Card Writing to
*OUr learn Engrossing; or to take a
;

Recommends colleee and normal ^adn- t

penmen of this country lo be
practical course in Lettering? atea. ipecialists, and other teachera to col- l
the most thorough school of
Penmanship?
' its kind You cannot do a
Then write for my new book leeea. schools, and families. }
better thing than to send
"How to Become a Good Pen-

^^
Tha Agency receiTcs many calls for com- stamp today for full particu-
man." It's free and tells all about how you can F
lars concerning our courses.
mercial teachers from public and prirate
learnbymail. F. W. BLYN TAM schools, and business colleges.
i
t .S
1114 QRAND AVE. KANSAS CITY, MO. WM. O. PRATT, Manager ,N.Y.
\

I
C^^tS^^f-i^^^i^^-i^^^ Oy^T^ j5I«-^,^:^^^^7^^ -^<>t^^ ^^^^«-^Z^^ .y^^^C^i^ C^i-i, 7^yUyd^^yyl.^y^<S^ct<t-^>ct^<r7^ I
 f^^fS^u^/i^d^^^f/iu^Ufr ^
Lessons in Wash Drawing
Book RovicM's and Engrossing.
E. L. KROWN, ROCKLAND, ?rAINE.
3,
"Little n.-lp> to Legibility" by S. H. Ornate initials always add to the effect-
East, Indiaiiapobs. Ind.. containing sugges-
tions for writers of the Ben Pitman system
iveness of type matter when good taste and I
of Phonograpliy, is the title of a sixteen-
judgment are used in designing. Elaborate-
page, five by seven booklet, the price of ness is not necessary in designing initials,
which we do not know. as the simplest composition is often times
the most effective. The design given in
" A Dog of Flanders" by Ouida. printed connection with this lesson is presented as
in the easy reporting style by the Phono- a study in line and wash drawing, and not
graphic Institute Company, Cincinnati, as the most practical style of initials in the
hio, is the title of a forty-page, five by
seven book, price twenty-five cents. This is way of elaborateness and proportions.
a companion !)Ook to the many that
are be- First make a pencil outline, then trace in
ing issued regularly by this progressive waterproof ink, applying the washes next
firm. It is needless to say that the printing, in order. Study the values critically, noting
engraving, paper, etc., are firstclass. the molding of the features in the grotesque
mask, as well as the ornaments. Add suc-
McKee's vShorthand Magazine, the pub- .--^ive washes until the desired tones are
lication of which has been suspended for I

the past eight months, is again before us in I'tained. All the high lights are repre-
its familiar <lress of orange. The subscrip- tited by the white cardboard.
> The solid
tion price is fifty cents per year. lack on the face and other parts of the
I

h'sign were added with a pen filled- with-

" Steel Square Pocket Book." bv Dwight
<lia ink.
L. Stoddard, issued by the Industrial Pub
lication Co., N. Y., is the title of a cloth-
bound, three and one-half by five and one ammunition provided in this cliapter for
fourth, one hundred and twelve page book.
It isprofusely illustrated with drawings by tiie annihilation of those self-sulticient
the author of the Carpenter's Square, illus- theorists whom old Gorgon Graham calls
" a lot of second-class fools who carry a line
trating its use and possibilities, and is a
most valuable, concise and exhaustivt^ of something they call culture, which bears
book. Mr. Stoddard's name is a familiar about the same relation to real education
one in the penmanship world, having that canned corned beef does to porterhouse
followed penmanship professionally some steak with mushrooms; and who shudder a
little at the mention of business, and moan
years ago, and he still does considerable
work in that line. over the mad race for wealth, and deplore
the coarse commercialism of the age." Dr.
Herrick's attitude is well illustrated by an
The Grand Vallev Magazine. Volume 1,
experience he relates. " An inquiry after
Number 1. July. 1904' one dollar a year. E- B. the welfare of a family elicited thefollowing
Moore. Editor and Publisher. Grand Junc- response: Tom's turned out "tine,"— he's
*

tion, Colorado, is the name of a new mag-

got to be an actor; Bill's an artist, and
azine to be issued monthly in the interests Melindy's a "swell" music teaclier; but
of the people in and about that section of John, he never amounted to much,— it took
the countrv. The same strikes us as being all he could make to support the others.'
a publication of more than ordinary merit, We have too much the spirit of these re-
and if we mistake not, its influence and
patronage will extend far beyond the con- marks in our estimate placed on careers."
which published. Chapters three, four and five contain a
fines of the state in it is
succinct and instructive review of com-
mercial education abroad.
'*
Thorns and Flowers, " by C. C. Canan, is Chapter six will excite the most comment
the title of a twenty-four-page, white-cover, among our readers, for it is a thirty page
gold-embossed book of poems; price twenty- survey of the history of the private com-
five cents, published by the author at normally evolved this mode of preparation mercial schools in this country. Dr.
Bradford. Pa. Mr, Canan in this little for one tield of life activity. Herrick, naturally, approaches this subject
booklet has given evidence of more than The second chapter is one of the best in as an outsider and has had to gather his
usual poetic ability. These poems reveal the book. It discusses the possibility and information second-hand. It is not sur-
more of an artistic temperament than is value of commercial education, and Dr. prising, therefore, that he ascribes undue
common among penmen. By them we are Herrick is no apologist for the cause to honor to some who are dead and gone, and
reminded of the poetic ability of another which he brings his well-trained powers. that he gives insufficient or no credit to
penman who has left a lasting impress on It is "ell worth the moderate price of this others more to be praised for f>riginality than
the penmanship world — Father Spencer. publication to have within easy reach the some whose meniories have been banked
This book reveaN a wider horizon than is with verbal pinks and roses. Gates Ajar,
usually accredited to penmen. The poetry is Anchors, etc. It is to be regretted that the
good because it is of the heart rather than author did notmake a more liberal use of
of the lip. We wish for the book the sale it the results of Edgar M. Barber's p'ofound
merits. No true lover of penmen, penman- research on this subject, which results were
ship and poetry should fail to secure it.
given in a remarkable paper read at the
E. C. T. A. convention in 1903. In our
"Good English Form Book in Business opinion, the history of commercial educa-
Letter Writing." Sherwin Cody (published tion as developed amongthe private schools
by the author.) This is a very practical of America is yet to be written.
aiid suggestive volume of 12."? pages. While The remainder of this interesting book is
it gives model letters, it aims chiefly to devoted to an exposition of the work done
instruct by the object method. There'fore and projected in secondary and higher in-
iticorrectly-written letters appear which stitutions of learning in this country;
are afterward written correctly, the errors and to statistics, specimen examination
being carefullv pointed out by the author. questions, bibliography, etc. The biblio-
Some incidental drill in spelling is atforded graphy is invaluable, being by far the most
and a little practice in original punctua- comprehensive and carefully selected list
tion, but we do not think that either the available.
spelling or the punctuation is sufficient to
serve as a substitute for the more extended "The Brooks Budget of Business Writ-
drill found in some text-books. The prin- ing" by W. Brooks, Toronto, Ont., is the
cipal purpose of the book, however, is ex- title of a forty-eight page book containing
cellent,and no teacher or student of Bu«- seventy-eight lessons in practical business
iness Correspondence will regret having a writing, with instructions accompanying
copy of this book at hand for reference and each lesson. This is one of the best and
study. most concise compendiums we have had
the pleasure of examining. It is intensely
'Meaning and Practice of Commercial practical, and merits the large sale which
Education." Cheesman A. Herrick, Ph. D.. we understand it is enjoying.
(Tlie MacmiHan Co.) In a volume of 378
pa ires. Dr. Herrick presents one of ttie first We \ ry our pens, and i ake "The Gregg Writer," Chicago, 111., price
comprehensive and serious contributions inducemei 'iUsend / tiftv cents a vear, is a welcome monthly
tyles. postpaid. eipt of 10
to the literature of a great modern move-
iiigof 15 populr our desk, :t is always chock full
jitor to
centP, and pive you
ment in education. In his first chapter he of shorthand infoi ation as well as news
shows that methods of education nec- FREE a Handsome Penholder items and enthus Stic articles. It is a
eaeanlv change with the time«. and that C.HOWARD HUNTPFN CO., Camden, N. J terse, timely jou al, invaluable to all
eC'»homic conditions have naturally and Gregg Writers.
 EMS IN LINE AND SHADE, BY C. C. CANAN, BRADFORD, PA.

^-^-^^ .£=:^^^^J; secured. It is my opinion that your pupils capitals. Practice faithfully and syste
_
strive for form at the expense of freedom in matically and send work regularly.
the movement exercises. I would encour- C. S. C. Springfield, O. Yes, you can be-
Questions Answered and age a trifle more freedom at the expense of come a penman, and a fine one, too. Watch
Criticisms Offered by accuracy. carefully to make the turns equally round-
ing and the angles equally sharp. You
<.. P. Zaner.
No, j'ou cannot reasonably demand the write too rapidly for professional purposes,
same perfection of movement from pupils in other words, for accuracy.
in the lower grades as in the high school or
business college. Vou can, liowever, strive C. D. P., Lone Oak.— You start out well,
persevere and you will win the certificate.
(.INTENDED FO ONLV.) for the same freedom, but with less speed, There is nothing poor about your practice;
and secure results that will not seriously it's good. It can be made better by exercis-
Under this heading Mr. Zaner criticises specimens ing a trifle more care, which you are no
of penmanship, drawing, etc., submitted to him. suffer by comparison.— Editok. doubt doing, not having had many days to
Postage should be enclosed if specimens are to be practice upon the lesson before submitting
returned. He will also endeavor to answer any and H. L. J., AUiance-Your letter and letter- your specimen. Watch the details closely.
all questions pertaining to penmanship matters, or if ing is perhaps; the best ever received at this Curve both sides and both ends of the little
thought best, questions may be submitted through office for one of 3'our years. You can easily " o " equally. Come again.
this department to the readers of our journal for vol- become a master in engrossing, and should
unteer answers. This gives the readers of The do so following the lessons now running in
Business Educator the benefit of the experience The Business Educator. Let us hear
of one who has made thl? work a life-time study, as from you from time to time. inexic« Speaks
well as of those who contribute thereto.
Inclosed find twelve subscriptions to the
The Seattle Commercial School,
R. S. A., Baltimore — You can easily become best penmanship journal in America, with
Seattle, a fine penman. Do not allow your move- remittance for same. THE BUSINESS EDU-
Wash., E. W. Gold, Principal, and M. W. ment to run awaj' with you, but tame it so CATOR is the leading journal now, as it
Cassniore, Associate Principal, reports an that it will produce turns or angles at will. surelv has reached the top of the ladder.
Some of your turns in the small letters are G. COKTES,
excellent opening. In their new quarters too rounding, while others are too angular. Mexico City, Mex.
they will have glass partitions between First turn in the small n is usually too
the rooms, hot and cold water in every rounding, the second one is too angular.
Watch the little things and success is
room, rest-room for ladies, oak furniture, assured. Send work regularly for criti-
steel ceilings, fire-proof building, hard wood cism and win that certificated You can
finish inside, view of the Sound and Olym- doit.
pics, hall for dances on the next floor, vault K. C. J., Oakland— You write well, even
in the basement for their money, etc., etc. though you are left-handed. If all right-
handed people wrote as well as you do, poor
send specimens of writing from our
I
grades. Can I reasonably demand the same
writing would be a thing of the past. Fall
into line, follow Doner's or Currier's lessons,
GILLOTT'S PENS
TH« MOST PERFBCT OF PSHS,
perfection of movement from these lower and win that certificate THE BUSINESS
grades as you expect from high school? If Educator is now offering. HAVE GAINED THE
not, should I criticise as faulty the efforts
they make for form ?.
MISS Emma Woodman,
N. A. B., Ala. — Your practice is in the
right direction. Considering the fact that
GRAND PRIZE,
Paris Exposition, 1900.
Traverse City, Mich. you have had but little time to work upon
the lessons before submitting your practice, ¥fala U the Hlehest Pri/e ev«^r Awarded to PeoA^
The work you submit is along the right you have done exceptionally well. Make
line. You are accomplishing considerable the retracing ovals more compact and
watch carefully the little things, such as
good. You are combining form and move- turns and angles. You will need to watch
ment to a greater extent than is generally 3'our small letters more closely than your

BUSINESS CAPITALS BY A. J. KARLEN, VILAS, S. I).

 f^^rS^u^/n^dS^i^if/iu^aiiT^ ^

Flourish by A. K. Burnette, Pem the Big Bowling Creen, Ky., .Normal School and Business College.

Cbe Ceacber's Duty value of the knowledge acquired as

BY L. MADARASZ.
for the
self,
development of the mind it-
as a farmer in hitching up his G£. ^^O
colt for the first time cares less for
the load he hauls than for the effect of
There is a steady demand upon the trip on the colt. Information
schools for more useful, available, comes fast enough to a mind awake
to discern it and able to value it.
and practical education, for technical
training-, for such knowledge as shall
What is wanted is the power of per-
sistent, consecutiv^e thought, the
be of direct use in business life. This power to reason, compare, reflect, and
is all well and proper, provided it be choose._ This it is that makes men We have on hand a very limited number
of copies of the X'ew Spencerian Compend-
not forgotten that the larger purpose self-reliant, and strong, and success- —
ium of Penmanship in book form the last
of school work is to open the mind, ful. The advice or knowledge re- of the edition of the greatest of all compend-
ceived today may be of little use to- iurns of penmanship.
awaken the faculties, enlarge the The initial cost of this work w?s upwards
capacities and discipline the powers of morrow under changed conditions. of $10,000.00 and no more will be published,
Nothing that is simply in the grasp as the cost is too great and the demand too
the student, giving him ability to limited.
of the memory is an absolutely safe It contains the cream of the instruction
master all subjects, rather than to dependence. There must be the and skill of the Spencerian Authors when
store his mind with information or power to assimilate and originate. they were in their prime, and is a penman-
qualify him for one occupation. That No craftsman's skill is a reliance in ship library in itself— an inexhaustable
he should be trained to one calling is source of inspiration for tlie pen worker.
these days of industrial change. The He who intends doing anything with pen-
unquestionably wise, but whether carefully perfected trade may become manship cannot afford to be without this
that is work for the public schools is superfluous and work, and on the other hand, he who intends
its possessor obliged doing little or nothing with penmanship
another question, and before every- to find other means of livelihood. The cannot alTord to have it.
thing else should come the work best man of todaj- with his multiplied wants Although not generally known, this work
calculated togivebreadth and strength is the constant companion of the leading
and responsibilities, must be broadly penmen. A few vears ago Madarasz had
to the mind, and make it self-support- resourceful. What did Aristotle, Sen- two copies and offered to sell one for $12.50,
ing, self-helping, resourceful, and of eca, Caesar or Solomon know about hut stated that $50 would not buy the other.
good habits. It is not to be treated the facts of the world, compared to We positively have secured the last of the
edition, and no more can be had at any
as a cold storage warehouse, in which even the school-boy of today ? And price. Many think a copy will be worth
may be piled away all information of yet they would be ^reat men, leaders $25 in a few years from now.
prospective value, to be drawn out in and rulers of men, if they stepped up- That the book maybe doing good work,
the future in a good state of preserva- we have concluded to sell some of them for
on the earth today. Not a fluent $7.50 per copy by express, or $7.95 per copy
tion. The exercise of the powers in knowledge of facts, but a capacity to prepaid. Later the price will have to be ad-
youth, while the mental habits are use facts, should distinguish the well vanced. Now is the time to secure a copy
of this uever-to-be-parted-with book.
forming, is not so important for the educated man. Address, ZANER & Bloser, Columbus, O.
 ^^^^u^/n^d^^/iu^i/fr^ A
702
ESTERBROOK'S NEW PENS
No.
No. 707
^^^^m^^i. MODIFIED SLANT OR
&°'"'°°'^'"°tV°rw' "MEDIAL" WRITERS.
IS MY SPeCIALI Y 702 Slightly Elastic 707 Elastic
I your iiiinie on 1 iloz. cards for 15c.
will write
A pack of samples and terms to agents for a red
stamp. Agents wanted.
AMONG PENMEN there a demand for a pen that adopted to the Modified
is
Slant or "Medial" Writing, to combine increase<l speed with the legibility of
is

100 blank cards 16 colors, 16c. postpaid. 1,000 the Vertical. To meet this we present our Modified Slant Pens. These Pens
blank cards by express, $1.00. bottle black, 1
are made from the highest grade steel and are finished with the same care that
glossy ink, l.Sc. 1 bottle white ink, 15c. 1 oblii|ne has made Esterbrook Pens the Standard for nearly half a century.
pen holder, lOc. W. A. BODE;,
27th St., S. S.. Pittsburg,. Pa. THE ESTERBROOK STEEL PEN MANUFACTURING COMPANY,
26 John Street, New York. Works, Camden, N. J.

WE are: leaders in thf

liiie of hish srade DIPLOMAS and
CEKTIFICATES fur schools and col.
leges. Our designs cannot be excelled
in liaruiotly and artistic beant\*. Di- /?£p/poo(/c^a /Af /7/?sr CIA3S sr/if sr
plomas fiiriiislied tilled out complete,
or in blank form. Catalotjiie. sliowinj^
the finest line of stock Diplomas on the
market, mailed free. Kesobitions Kn-
grossed- Catalogues Illustrated.
n0m^^/<^ a^^/7
HOWARD <a BROWN,
Rockland, Maine. ^i^U'-A ^^T^tfia^^^yl/

FIN£:ST PE:NMANSHIP SVPPLrlES OBTAINABLtE:.

On goods listed below we pay postage on those that po
course the cheapest way i

PENS AND HOLDERS. BY MAIL, PREPAID. CARDS, INK, PAPER, ETC.

Zanerian Fine Writer Pen— The best Lithographic Pen No. 290
Gillott's Blank Cards— White bristol with Zanerian Pen. Pencil, and PaintinS
and finest fine writing pen made — best — One pointed drawing
of the finest penmanship.
finest surface for tine Pad. and Portfolio, for sketching,
for engrossing, card writing and all fine pens made. 6 pens 2,5c, 3 pens 15c 100 by mail postpaid-- 28c drawing, and water color painting.
script work. Gross $1.00, !4 gross 25c by express 75c Contains 40 sheets for--- $ .40
Gillott s Crow Quill Pen No. 6S9— .5tX)
By mail 20 cents extra
. doz .12c Very fine points. 6 pens 25c. 3 pens 1000 by express $1.35 --- .60

: 15c
Zanerian Ideal Pen— One of the best Zanerian India Ink— A fine drawing
pens made for general penwork — busi- Soennecken Lettering Pen — Black Cards— Best made for white ink and best for preparing script and
making German Text, Old English, ink. drawings for photo-engraVing
ness or ornamental. One of the best
pens for beginners in penmanship. all broad pen letters. Set of 13— 100 by mail postpaid - 28c bottle by mail, postpaid
I
$ .30
Gross 75c. H gross 25c. 1 dozen 10c bers 1, I'i, 2, 2'5, 3, 3'=, 4, 5 ar .500 by express 75c 1 dozen bottles by express -.- 2.00
single pointed and 10, 20 and 30 dot 1000 by express $1.35
Zanerian Medial Pen— A high-grade Arnold's Japan Ink— Nearly }i pint
medium, extra smooth pen for business White Cardboard— 'Wedd'me Bristol bottle by mail postpaid
writing. None better. Just right for for finepen work. Sheets are 22x28. pint by express
—
I

students and accountants. Gross 75c. quart by express 75

6 sheets by express $ .60 1

K gross 25c Zanerian Oblique Penholder— Hand- 12sheets by express--- l.tXI

nade, rosewood, 12 inches long, a 2 sheets by mail postpaid .50 White Ink— Very fine.
Zanerian Business smooth, Pen— A leautiful and perfect holder. 1 holder
1 bottle by mail, postpaid $ .25
durable, common sense business pen. - - 50c
12 bottles by express
For unshaded business writing, it has
never been excelled, if equaled. Gross
75c. !J gross 25c. 1 dozen 10c
Fine Art Oblique Holdei Inlaid
and fancy, hand-made, rosewood, and
— White Cardboard-With hard
much like
20J4x23.
ledger paper.
finish,
Sheets are
Writing Papal —
Finest 13 lb. paper
1.85

by far the most beautiful holder made. 6 sheets by express $ .40 made. 960 sheets per ream, ruling wide
1 holder sent in a small wooden box, and faint. 1 ream by express $2.25
Gillott's Principality No. I A. Pen— $1.00
12 sheets by express 70
fine writing pen. Gross fl.OO, Ji gross 3 sheets by mail, postpaid 50
25c. 1 dozen -- --- 12c
Excelsior Oblique Holder— The best
Writing Papei Same quality as
above mentioned but lOilb. per ream.
low-priced oblique holder made. Many Black Cardboard— Finest for white 1 ream by express
Gillott's Double Elastic E. F. No. hundi eds of gross have been sold. ink. Sheets are 22x28.
$2.00
604 Pen— A medium fine writing pen.
1 holder --
-
$ .10
Gross 75c, li gross 25c, 1 dozen - 10c 1
'4
do
gross -.-
.50
l.IO
6 sheets by express
12 sheets by express
-..$ .50
.75
to
Practice Papei —Best for the money
be had. 1 team by express *' '^^
2 sheets by mail, postpaid --$1.50
Gillott's Magnum Quill E. F. No. 'i gross 2.15
..50

60; Pen— A business pen. Gross $1.00,

Send stamp for samples of paper.
1 gross -- - 4.25
H gross 2.5c, 1 dozen 12c —
Wedding Paper Finest for penman
Straight Penholder Cork tipped — ship or drawing. Sheets are 21x33. Envelopes—
Gillott's No. 303 E. F. Pen— Used and best for business writing, tiourish- 6 sheets by express $ .5C 100 fine blue by mail, postpaid -
largely for drawing purposes. Gross ing, etc. 1 holder 10c, 6 holders 40c, 12 heets by express .7C fine white by mail, postpaid-
ICx;)

$1.00, !4 gross a,5c, 1 dozen 12c holders 65c eets by mail, postpaid ... .5C 1000 either kind, by express
j

We handle the best and can save i Prices are too low to keep accounts.

Address. ZANGR <Sl BLrOSER, COLVMBVS, OHIO.

[
C{i:dn^-£'-rCu±^yT^ a^-TZ^ /:U<^^-^<.d^A.£^-Td ...<.i.^-(.^ S^t.<Z^^-i^ yy.&-z^ CyriU. 73.<4,.d.<^0'Z,44d^£^^<:t^u€,<<i^^tr7^
THE SflDLER-HOWE GOmpiEBGIIIL TEXTS
HAVE MADE HISTORY
Tliey made possible a change from the old to the new teaching methods. They
changed the old, impractical, theoretical instrnction to the modern, practical training
conrse which is the admiration of the educational and business men of the world.
They were the first books to observe the rules of pedagogic doctrine in the presen-

tation of the commercial branches.

(T
'^

hQEFORE >
? W W^i?^^^t?^^
JM. .SB. J^', -Xii- .*'«. -ito •^'«• -ill-
•51*' "il*"
>»Ki:^^j^&^^!&^!*;
"Jl^ ^^'itf^fiX'
•»!«• "Sis' "^l*"

ilk

JQ ADOPTING Commercial and industrial bookkeeping |^

EXAMINE OUR business bookkeeping and Practice ^v^

LIST OF The Famous Budget Systems.

•ait.

PUBLICATIONS inx-

Iff
Commercial Arithmetic

Essentials oj Arithmetic Richardson's Commercial J^aw

Sarnest's Snglish-Correspondence

filling's J'nythetic Shorthand. (CrahemPitmanic)

'Hi-

t/evf J^apid Shorthand Aister's Budget of iOriting Wessons

Jtfacjarlane's Commercial Qeography

Itf-
//ew Method Jpeller

w ^ Ww •^<" ^1? ^i? •>(> W •»(> -a? •»»«• w ^P 'a^ «<•

'>i^ "»(* "iif -fsf

J
•?!«• •?!«• •?!«• -Ji** ->js> •?!«•
^1? ^4^ ^i? '^W ^1? VI? ^i? ">(!•

V
Booklets and circulars will be sent to teachers only In requesting informa-
tion, kindly state what school you are connected with.

SADLER -RO WE COMML

BALrTIMORE, MD.
 iiimTBt
NOVEMBER., I904
TEACriEliS' PliOFESSIONAL EDITION
ONE DOLLAR A YEAR

SUCCESS
IN LIFE, ESPECIALLY IN STARTING,
FREQUENTLY DEPENDS UPON GOOD
ENGLISH, THE ABILITY TO CALCU-
LATE QUICKLY AND ACCURATELY,
OR A GOOD HANDWRITING. NO
OTHER ONE ELEMENT OF A PRAC-
TICAL EDUCATION IS SO APT TO AT-
TRACT ATTENTION OF SUCCESSFUL
MEN AS GOOD PENMANSHIP. THE
BUSINESS EDUCATOR BRINGS GOOD W
WRITING TO YOUR DOOR — TO THE
OPEN-DOOR OF YOUR OPPORTUNITY

SUBSCRIBE

PUBLISHED BY

ZANER, & BLOSEIi

COLUMBUS, OHIO
 f^^fSBud/ne^U^^fUu^i^fr ^

ARE PERFORMED*
lOVERjTHE COUNTER
PUBI/ISMED BV" f,H.BLISS. SA&INAW. MICH.

[ C^:€'7/-£'^^t.^t£^'?^ ez^^n^ ^cc.^~£c4l^i,£.^'?^ -^a^^^ ^>^^ci,^9%^ .^y-t^c- C7%A /z«<*<'r?^,A4<:^t£i^€<.«Z.^<'^' I

 ^^^fS^ud/n^U^^/iu^iiff/- ^
School A Book
A
comprehensive little
on Spelling, 120
pages of words most fre 1
Advertisifi^ Business quently seen in business
correspondence. Divid-
ed into lessons of fifty

I am in the School Advertisino;

business. For more than ten years
Speller words each. Several
lessons of words pro-
nounced alike, but spelled
I have made a specialty of the
difEerentlj'. Just the thing for the school room.
business of interesting young Sample copy sent postpaid for 25 cents.
people in educational work.
If you are in the school busi-
ness, I want you to send for a copy
Business One of the neatest and bright-
works on Commercial
est little
of my " I Will " Folder. It con-
tains information in regard to Letter Correspondence. Unlike any-
thing else published. Write
the service I offer. It will inter-
est vou. It's Free. Writing for sample pages. Single cop}'
sent postpaid for fifty cents.

Other books published are " Musselman's

Catalogues, Booklets, Ads, Follow-up
Practical Bookkeeping," " High School Book-
Systems Designed, Written, Printed;
right placing and distribution advised.
keeping," "Commercial Law," "Commer-
cialArithmetic."

c. c. re:arick Try a box of Musselman's Perfection Pens, 25 ets,

School-Advertising Speci&list,
D. L. Musselman Publishing Co.
Masonic Temple, CHICAGO* ILL.
OUINCY, ILLINOIS.
J
44
THE BEST BOOK SERIES. ^^

Williams C^ Rogers
Be^ To A.rtr&ounce a. Ne'w^ Publication
GAWO COMMERCIAL LAW
Cloth, 392 pBL^as. $1.00

Bona-llde Cases Used to Illustrate the Work. Simple, Direct, Effective and Interesting:.
Comparatively Free from Technical Terms.
The Ideal Boofc for Commercial Classes.

Modern Illustrative Boolikeepingf

1 SHOW
Modern Illustrative Banking:
ivioore's New Commercial Arithmetic THE
Mills' Modern Business Penmanship J
WAY.

For Prices and Circulars Address

ame:rican book company

Commercial Pixblications' Departxrient
NE:W YORK CINCINNATI CHICAGO.

I
(^^'I'^^^rCi^d^.^^ cz-Tz^ 75<'C-^~(^<.^d.A,^>'Td ^.cK^-t.^ ^^z~€:i^t^K> .^y,^'-^^ /irr ^iJ?-z,*->z,.!^:>ir7 r. £--?c^ c/rhc / :i4cd<.-''>z.^^d^ t..*:^H,c.c<i-^^^<r7^ I
 HE IS HAPPY
For year he was on duty six days (from 8 a. m. to H p. lu.) and three evenings each week all the year, at $100 a month, in
last

a small city, with unpleasant working conditions. Of course he was a line teacher —
he wouldn't have received flOO a montli otherwise.
But we are after just that kind of men. So we placed him in a new position, where he receives $154 a month, being on duty from 8:30
a. m. to 3:30 p. m. during school days, Saturday forenoons, and three evenings each week during the fall and winter. Besides, he
receives $5 each week for one hour's evening teaching in an outside institution. I« it strange that he is happy?

Would You Lfike to Be Happy ?

Then enroll with us at once, for possible January or emergewy engagement. We bad 34 emergency calls in September, ranging from
$50 to $150 a month. We tilled some, but most of them we had to let go for lack of properly qualified teachers. These positions were in
both private and public schools, scattered from San Francisco and Seattle to Philadelphia, New York, and Massachusetts. Besides, we
have already been asked to " get a line " on good teachers for next year, and we are scanning the horizon.
We charge no enrollment fee. Our commission charge is the same as in all other regular Teachers' Agencies. We have established
a reputation for extended acquaintance with school officials, intimate familiarity with commercial work a.< it is done in the best schools
today (the manager is teaching from 8 a, m. to 1 p. m. every school day, with three assistants, in a High School of 500 pupils and 19
J,eachers), prompt service, fair and square dealing with both teachers and schools, and success in " getting there ". We have placed more
than 60 teachers (the majority at from $75 to $150 a month) within the last seven months. Prospectus and blanks for three two-cent
stamps. Is it not absurd to delay registration, when it costs you nothing? when you have all to gain and nothing to lose?
Write to us. Do it now.
A Correction. On page 51 of our Prospectus, we have erroneously said that Mr. C. W. D. CotHn is the Manager of the Depart-
ment of Commercial Publications for the American Book Co. The statement was made under a misapprehension of facts. Mr. J. E.
King, one of the most deservedly popular men in our profession, has charge of the commercial publications for this great Company,
and Mr. Coffin's activities (which have been remarkably successful) have been confined to selling these pop>ilar books. We regret
the error very much, for these two gentlemen have been our valued friends for many years.

The National Coxntnercial Teachers* Agency

A Specialty by a Specialist. E. E. Gaylor-a. Manager. Prospect Hill. Be-vgrly. Mass.

What System Shorthand of is

Most Extensively Taught?
During the last monlh at lea.st two funis publishing shorthand text-books have made the claim, each
for itself, of having the largest following in the schools. )ne asserts that its books are used by "more
(

than half the schools in the United States and Canada teaching shorthand," while the other "enjoys a
larger sale than all other systems combined."

Perhaps each thinks it is light ; both can hardly be. Perhaps neither can prove its claim. Such
self-complacent statements arc \er)- easily made, but i-ti'! Iliey ic shmon I'j he Inic

An ounce of evidence is worth a pound cif assertion. The records of the Phonographic Institute,
of Cincinnati, show that i# the last year The Benn Pitman System has been taught in 1,340 schools,
and by 3,147 teachers in the I'nited States and Cannda. \\h;;t other system even approximates this
following?

They also show that more than half a million text-books on the Benn Pitman system have been
issued from the Phonographic Institute. \Miat other system has e\'en appro.ximated these figures //.'

A Die ri I' af

Put yourself in line with the Leader.

Send for an examination copy of the new text book, "'The Phonographic Amanuensis." .Adopted
in hundreds of schools since the opening of this school year.

THE PHONOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE COMPANY,

Bknx Pitman, President.
Ierome 11. llowARi), Manager.
CINCINNATI.

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 ^t^^fS^ud/n^iU^^fi^iu^iifr* ^

se;ve:n ye:ars ago

There were not more than twenty schools using

GRE^GG SHORTHAND
Today more than half the schools the United States and Canada teaching Shorthand
are using GREGG SHORTHAND.
Gre^g Shorthand is taught and practically used wherever the English lang-
uage is spoken. We receive constantly orders from England, New Zealand, Australia,
South Africa, the West Indies, Japan, and other foreign countries. We have recently issued
a Spanish edition of GREGG Shorthand — " Gregg-Pani ", whicli is already arousing a
tremendous interest in Spanish shorthand. The fame of Gregg Shorthand is world-wide.

PREPARING GREGG PUBLICATIONS FOR SHIP?IE.\T.

H'e have never j-et received an order for Gregg sliortliand thai nns not dupli-
cated — many times. One order for our books aJiravs means another— and more.
The force of the argument is irresistable — orders do not come twice for a tiling that
is not satisfactory, nor do they grow unless it is immensely satisfactory.
There must be something inherently strong in a system that reaches such wide-
spread popularity — and there is; it must effectively accomplish the purpose for which it is
intended — and GREGG SHORTHAND does.
We should lilse to put in the hands of every progressiva school manager and teacher
a copy of our booklet "About Gregg Shorthand." A postal card will bring it. If you are
not interested it will arouse an interest to your advantage; if you are interested, it will
be valuable in pointing out the way to conviction.

THE GREGG PUBLISHING COMPANY

CH I C iV GO

I (C^^el^-j^iS-r^^d^i^^T^ £Z'<fZ^ ^ct-.^-£t.^d.'A.£.'-rzf ^..t^^-t.^ <^^^^s^-?^-^ y^i^€^t^ ^^Try y7ryi£.''7t^C€^^~yz,-t.-''?'2^ C7%^ /2«^;i<x?z-(!<i<^ €c^-^.€..€>c&.^^&^ I
 f^^3Bud/n^U^^/uaUfr^ ^

ISAAC PITMAN'S
SHORTHAND
Practical Results
" I was placed in charge of the Isaac Pitman Department at

The Miller School on the 4th of April. At that time not one
student had registered to enter that special department, it

being a new feature, and naturally there was a great deal of

skepticism as to the length of time it would require to com-

plete the course in the'Pitman' department. I have never

made any claims for the Isaac Pitman system that it was a
'three months system,' 'easy to learn,' etc., but I may here
state that at the e.xpiration of six weeks study on the part of
one student, she was able to write at the rate of sixty words
per minute, new matter. At the end of three and a half months
two students had acquired a speed of 125 words per minute,
and were transcribing letters and legal forms neatly and with
a fair degree of accuracy upon the typewriter. These same
students are now in our Model Office class from which they
will graduate in due course of time. The students mentioned
are not special cases, but they represent what can be done by
the average student studying Isaac Pitman system of phono-
graphy. Our evening class work has been quite as successful.
We teach three nights a week and have pupils writing new mat-
ter, 70 to 90 words per minute at the end of the fourth month."

— Miss Emily E. Barhier, The Miller School Xeic Yoik. ,

Writ* for " WHicH Systetxi •

sample copy of
PITMAN'S JOVRNA.L. a rioan Magazine
for Isaac Pitman IVrltera

31 Vnion Sq.
ISAAC PITMAN <a SONS, Mew York..
Publishers of " Is&ac Pitman's Shorthand Instructor" $1.50. Exclusively adopted
by the Day and Evening High Schools of Greater New York.

I
^^z^^'yC'Tz^V^^.^^T^^ i:t^rn^ ^it^^^-^i^dy^L^''^ ^<-i,^<.,^ ^^i.ci^'?'^-^ yy,<^u Cr^z^ /d<^A^^O'Z.£'dd£>r:i^t.c-<^<^l'^<ry. 1
 COLUMBUS, O.. NOVEMBER, 1904.

THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR, Chen and now. Co Jill Penmanship Ceacbers.

Second
Before The Business Educator, n Ulelcotne Hwaits Vou at ebicago,
Published Monthly (except July and August), by with its
Zaner & Bloser, 118 N. High St.. Columbus, O., as
departments
relating to ebristmas Week.
follows: Teachers' Professional Edition. $1.00 a commercial teaching- came into ex- Tlie time is drawing near when the grantl
Year (Foreign Subscriptions 30 cents extra); Stud-
ents' Penmanship Edition, 65 cents a year, (Foreign istence, we had three penmanship family reunion of our brethren will take
Subscriptions 20 cents extra). periodicals, each giving attention to place in Chicago. There is no event which
comes into our lives as co-workers and
C. P. Zaner. Columbus, O. Edit practical writing, miscellaneous pen-
teachers that gives one more pleasure and
E. E. Gavlokd, Beverly. Mas Associate Editor manship, pen drawing, and news
E. W. Bloser, Columbus, O. Business Manager
lasting comfort in recollection than these
Address all communications to Zaner & filoser, items an occasional article upon
; annual gatherings of ourbrethren. Methods
Columbus, O., except those relating to the depart- some phase of business education, of teaching vary so much and the desire of
ments, which may be sent to Mr. Gaylord. all is so strong to know and use the best
reports of conventions, and papers ways of reaching results, that each teacher
Two Editions. The Business Edicator is read at these meetings. owes it to his pupils and to himself
published in two editions: The Teachers' Profes- professionally, as well as socinlty, to glean
sional Edition contains 48 or more pages, 16 of There were practical!)' no paid from his brethren the strength of their e-x-
which are conducted on the Department plan and
specially suited to the needs of teachers, principals,
contributors, and nothing connective periences. During my many years among
and proprietors. Colored title page. Price $1,00 a in plan or policy concerning this part
penmen, I have noticed those grow strongest
year. as penmen and famous as teachers, who
The Students' Penmanship Edition contains 32 of the journal except to accept any mingle most among their brethren. It
pages and is the same as the Professional Edition, broadens a teaclier's view of the work of
less the sixteen pages devoted to the Departments
chance contribution that happened
te.iching, to see earnest men present their
of Commercial Teaching, This edition is specially along, if it were to be had frre.
suited to students in Commercial, Public and
methods in ways often new and interesting.
Private schools, and contains all of the Penmanship, The establishment of the depart- Our meeting at Chicago Christmas week is
Engrossing, Pen Art, and Lesson features in the to be full of teaching work by as many
Professional Edition. Price 65 cents a year.
ments in The Business Educator earnest men as possible. Plans will be made
marked a new
era in the journalism to enlist general discussions upon position,
Change of Address. you change your ad-
If
of commercial education. This has movements, whole-arm, forearm, finger, and
dress, be sure to notify us promptly un advance, if combined, sitting and pen holding drills,
possible), and be careful to give the old as well as involved an outlay in cold cash for
the new address. We and their applications to letters, lines and
lose many papers each issue
through negligence on the part of subscribers. each number published many times pages. Ill fact it will be a teachers meeting,
Back Numbers cannot, as a rule, be supplied. not.'partioned off to a few, but where all who
Postmasters are not allowed to forward journals
greater than previously spent in a come -will find their ideas wanted, and
unless postage is sent to them for that purpose. whole year. This, however, is hut opportunities made to give them. I know
that teachers want the methods of others,
The Business Educator devoted to the pro-
is
the result of our determination to and have the weak and strong points of
gressive and practical interests of Business Educa- place commercial journalism on a par their own juilged by their brother teachers,
tion and Penmanship. A journal whose mission is
to dignify, popularize, and improve the world's with other educational publications, and to this end tlie plans for the meeting
newest and neediest education. It purposes to
are being carefully considered. The
inspire and instruct both pupil and teacher, and to
and above if it is within our abilities. pleasure* of social meeting and greeting
further the interests of those engaged in the work, For, as you have doubtless observed, and the living for days with opportunities
in private as well as in public institutions of busi- for general and private social exchange of
many brains are cooperating in the views from early morn till late each night,
production of our journal. gives one fullness of satisfaction and ben-
:i

Rates to Teacliei-s, Absents, and Club efit that is felt forriiany months. Every in-
R.aisers sent upon application. Write for them To maintain this pace which we troduction to a brother brings the warm
whether you are in a position to send few or many
subscriptions. Sample copies furnished to secure
have set for ourselves, three import- handclasp of genuine affection, .nnd opens
subscriptions. ant things are essential: brains, en- welcome exchange of views re-
at once the
Considering that The Business Educator is garding good methods which each are
high grade in every particular; that progressive, ergy and money. A careful inventory seeking. In fact it is not a question of
practical lessons in penmanship are a distinctive affording to attend the coming meeting, but
feature of the magazine: that departments of inter- of our ten, complete, over-flowing
a far greater question, can one afford to re-
est and helpfulness in subjects relating to Business
Education are found only in The Business Edu-
numbers each year soon convinces main away? The Penmanship Committee,
cator, you will readily see that it is pot only you that no small amount of fore- Mr. Crandle and Mr. Faust of Chicago and
the best but the cheapest, when quality, character Mr. Kenshaw of Philadelphia, are whole
and quantity are considered. thought, push, and capital are re- souled good fellows, who will be interested
quired to plan and to publish a jour- in you, and 1 am sure I shall do everything
Advertisinit Rates furnished upon application. nal likeThe Business Educator. in my power to secure for all brother pen-
The Business Educator being the highest grade men in every way, a profitable and pleasure-
journal of its class, is purchased and read by the That the profession is recognizing able time', educationally and socially.
most intelligent and well-to-do among those inter-
ested in business education and penmanship, in the
and appreciating this is evidenced by Hoping to meet a large gathering, and ex-
United States, Canada. England, and nearly every the support that is coming Columbus- tending with this an urgent request for your
country on the globe. It circulates, not alone among
ward. For the same we hereby ex- own presence at the meeting, I remtiin,
business college proprietors, teachers, and pupils, Cordially and fraternally' yours,
but also among principals of commercial depart- press our appreciation, and pledge A. H. HiNMAN,
ments of High Schools, Colleges and Religious
Schools, as well as among office workers, home
anew our efforts for better journal- Presitlont of the Xnllo :il Poi.mansbip
students, etc. ism in the interests of our profession, Teseber^' Astocjatiun,
 f^^fSBud/n^U^i^/uaiifr ^
(T ^ youtonce get it, are the same as mine.
That is the reason why prosperity is
coming your way."
Two Editions— Their Demand and Reception. And therein lies the secret of true
and lasting success to get business
;

^z and then to take care of it. That is

precisely what we aim to do. The
For a good many years, a number were willing for a moment to consider. progress we have thus far made and
of journals have been issuing two As a consequence, the two editions the pace we have set is a fair criterion
editions in order to reach two classes have been the result. We are deter- by which to judge our future.
of readers, and to satisfy a consequent mined to make each as perfect as Personally, we are on good terms
demand; for instance, the "Scientific possible, and to avoid to the greatest with our co-workers, complimenting
American." In December, 1895, " The degree, conflicting folio numbers, and them upon their product, and wishing
Penman's Art Journal," then under other misfit features not infrequently them all and more than they deserve.
the management of Ames & Kinsley, seen in two-edition journals.
announced the adoption of the two- Two editions enables us to reach
two classes of students and teachers. Doner and eurrier.
edition feature, being the first to do
so in penmanship journalism. All penmanship and art features ap-
pear in the students' number and the The lessons now running in THE BUSI-
The almost unanimous suggestion NESS EDUCATOR, by Messrs. C. E. Doner
of our many staunch personal and department features appear in addi-
and \V. N. Currier are attracting a great
professional friends during the past tion to these in the teachers' number. deal of attention. More young people are
year has been: " You have now the Thus each gets that for which he sub- following from tiie lessons than have
best journal devoted to penmanship scribes, and does not need to pay for ever followed similar courses in our
and commercial education, but we that which he does not desire. journal. Young people are fortunate in
find it difficult to secure you as many The result has been that our friends being able to secure instructions and inspi-
subscriptions as we think you de- are doing just as they promised — ration from two such capable, enthusiastic,
"clubbing" us as never before. straightforward teachers and penmen.
serve, on account of the price you
Many more have pledged their future Those who have not done so will do well to
have to charge for your high-grade begin without delay and forward practice
product." patronage as soon as they redeem regularly for criticism, as both have con-
They asked us to give them the their promises made previously to sented to criticise worthy pupils" efforts.
penmanship features of our journal their knowledge of our two-edition
for their students, for by so doing, and certificate features. Letters of
congratulation and commendation, Best ndvertisina medium.
we could quote a lower rate than
would be possible for the journal con- concerning our product and our pro-
A leadingadvertiser, whose advertise-
taining all of the features. To reduce gress, are daily visitors. Just as this
ments have been appearing in all the
the price without dividing into two is being written, a letter from one of
journals of the class to which ours belongs,
editions, meant that the profits were America's foremost business educa- has just written as follows: "Your paper
to become too small to continue im- tors, is received and contains the fol- brings me better returns than any other."
provements from time to time which lowing paragraph :
Other careful advertisers are also finding
is our policy; either that, or to cheap- "I think your methods of getting out that The Business Educator is the
en our product, neither of which we business, and taking care of it when best advertising medium of its class.

The following was written by a penman who is not as well known as he should be, or will be later on. Who is he? We
have
secured his consent to offer a dozen of his best written cards to the first five persons who guess his name.
Send your guesses to the
publishers. Zaner & Bloser, Columbus, fHiio.
 •-'
.^^^^^^^ ;•

PKOGRESSIVE
LESSONS IN Business Penmansl^ip
Supervisor of Writ- Work for criticistn
ing In the Beverly, should be mailed
to Mr. Doner by
Mass., Public fifth of each
Schools.

U^^
In my last lesson I urged upon you the desirability of trying to make your practice pleasurable, thinking that it is pleasant and
profitable work.
There is a law of compensation which gives to each mind that upon which it exercises itself. While you are working, whether it be
at cliopping wood, studying arithmetic, or practicing penmanship, learn to throw your whole ^oul into every effort. I do not mean that
you should strain every nerve and muscle, but that you should place yourself in a calm, energetic, I- win-win state of mind. We
can dis
cipline ourselves to such way of working, until our easy, reposeful, yet forceful, manner of doing anything will accompany every effort.
Wiien you practice penmanship, think penmanship. Prentice Mulford said, " When you are tying yuur shoe string, think shoe string."
Times of discouragement will come. Sometimes you may think that your every effort is in vain and that you are making no im-
provement. If you ever feel this way while you are in the midst of your practice, I would urge you to lay your pen down and do some-
thing else for a while. Later, then, vou could take your pen up again and go to work with renewed effort and persistency.
I want you to put lots of snap and vim into this work. Study every letter and exercise critically. Get a good, usuable, controllable
arm movement, and I'm sure a fine business styleof writing will be yours for a life companion. And not only this, the beautiful certifi.
cate offered you is something worth working for. See that you get one. Now is the time to do your hard practicing. Here is a good
motto for you to keep in mind, " Do it now^.*'
Wheri ever you think you need more movement go back to lesson one and practice on the exercises thoroughly.

'^
^7<n^^{^<^-7^^£^ y^^^^^^C-^TL^e^
Plate 12
You will find the wide spacing between letters as given in lines 1 and 2 to be of great help to you. Glide hand and pen freely between
the letters. In the letters make the downward strokes firmly to the line. Then try medium spacing as in the words in line 3 and so on
through the plate. Notice the little dot in the v and w, also the c. Study details while yon practice.

^d^^.^^^^^^^^^y^Kn^u-^^^^y^'T^n^i^c.d^

Here we have more wide spacing. Notice closely the first and last strokes of the single letters r and s. The little shoulder in the r
,

in line 1(the stroke that runs nearly vertical) should be straiglit— make a point just before coming to the line. Notice particularly the
ending stroke in all the words— give it the right curve. The r in line ti is used a great deal. See how it is made.
 *^^^ud/n^d^<^/iu^i^ ^

Review the letters by joining a number of them together. See that you use a free movement of hand and pen. Nothing is gained
"byusing the fingers and a slow laborious motion. Watch downward strokes— make them firmly to the line and all of them on the same
slant. It is well to count for some of these letters. For instance, in joining the small »', count 1—2— glide 2— glide 2— glide 2— glide 2, etc.

Plate IS
A strong and well-made loop above the line adds considerable to business writing. Weak loops are like weak characters, they have
a bad effect on what is next to them. Practice the exercise thoroughly in line 1. Count luh, 2uh, 3uh, 4uh, etc. Then make the exercises
and loop in line 2 with arm movement, in and out of the sleeve. See that the upward stroke is curved, the downward straight, and the
lines clear and smooth. Count for the I in line 3, thus, 1—2 curve or 1—2 finish, with a slight pause as you say 2, make downward stroke
straight to the line. Count for the b, 1-2 dot finish or 1—2 -3 finish. Count for the ii, 1—2— 1—2 -3, pausing a little at the first 2. Count for
the i, 1—2 — 1 loop— 1 — 2, pausing slightly at the first 2 and at the loop. In making the loops above the line use very little finger motion, if
any. By using arm movement in and out of the sleeve a strong loop can be made.
 ^^^^ud/neU^^f/iu^OiT- ^
Plate 16

In lines and 5 make the spacing wide between the letters — not in them. In lines 2, \ and 6 write the words as you would the
1, 3
medium spacing between letters. Notice curves, angles, downward and ending strokes, etc. Make curves at the top in n'a and m's and
on the line in J 's, H's and it's. Point the small a at the top. Close the o. Watch these little things and xou tfHI improve vuur writ-
ing in legibilitj- as well as in giving it a good movement effect.

/u^:^ ///? /^Cy //^^ /^fy /.^^y /^/^y /^^i/y

/o^y%/ //^y^7- jiyCyf'X' ^C^^^fy ^/l.^yT^ y^i/^f^

^o'^ ^^o'^ yf^ yy9^ ^y9^ ^o^ 7^^ y^'^ ^^<^

^ /^4/^^£^ ^j^o^ J^Uy^ /7^4/^- /^^^^
Plate 17
Don't neglect the figures. Write the figures in groups, as given in this plate. These signs, etc.. you ought to become familiar with
and be ableto make them as well as the figures. The practice of checking off an amount as given in the fifth line is used in business.
Make the dollar sign, then the figures, and then check it. The downward stroke in figures 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 should be on the same slant—
watch this.
Criticisms*
S. O. C. Dak. Your movement
S. is splendid, but the application of it to real writing is not so good. Spend more time on small
letter practice — you need it.
D. L. H., Wis. Never saw better movement exercises —they are excellent. Give more attention now to small writing and the
figures and let the exercises rest awhile. I must show your work to some of my public school pupils.
A. M., R. I. Your movements are well made. Now see that you can apply it as well to small letters. Give more time to figures It
will pay you.
K. E. B., N. J. You are beginning nicely for your first work of this kind. Give more time to the movement exercises, and then see
how you can apply your movement to letters, words, etc. Study detail.

C. S. C, Ohio. I am glad to get your practice work. Practice more on the movement exercises. Make the ellipses more compact.
Use a little better ink if possible. Put all the time you can to penmanship — it will pay you.
M. T. Try to use better ink. You need movement in big doses — go to lesson 1 and practice on them. Hold your pen level on
F-, la.
the paper. You have a good chance to make lots of diSerence in your writing — transform it into a model hand if you can.
W. O'C, 111. Your movement is good enough for now. Get right to the small letters with a vengeance. Notice little things closely.
Send 5'our first specimen, please.
T. J. S., la. Your movement exercises look nice, but vou have made them slowly. You need to loosen up the muscles of the right
arm. I don't think 3'ou will have any trouble with the small letters, except you might make them too slowly. Get more real arm
movement.
M. N. F., la. Am glad to have you both join our company for the certificate. You are brothers, I suppose. Your movement is pretty
good. Get it nicely under your control. Practice the movement exercises in lesson 1 occasionally.
B. A. H.. Pa. I like your movement exercises. I think you will do well with all your work on the lessons. Let me see something
good from your pen from the October lesson. You need not enclose a stamp. Send me your first specimen.
E. P., Pa. Your movement exercises are beautifuUj' made. I wish you would now try to master the small letters. I w^ant to see
your general writing.
H. B. H.. Pa, I am glad you intend to follow the lessons. Your movement is quite good, but your writing is not so good. Get down
to business <m the small letters. I would advise using a fluid ink and paper with not so hard a surtace. Good quality of paper with a
fairly smooth surface is best.
W. W., Pa. You need naore work on movement exercises. Do not press so hard on downward stroke?. Work for a light, free and
easy arm movement. Use a smoother paper.
F. W. B., Pa. What you need most is plenty Of intelligent practice. Give more time to movement exercises. Do not press on down-
ward strokes. Keep on, you are starting nicely.
A. H Maine. Yon are starting off in good shape.
. Now and then give some time to movement exercises. Try to apply your move-
ment to the small letters. Studv the copr carefuUjf. I think you will enjoy the work when you get nicely started.
E. W. S., W. Va. Your movement is good, and I see you apply it quite well to your general writing. Slant the movement exercises
more. You are starting to master penmanship at a good age— it will be a source of pleasure to you all your life.
K. X., Mo. Sorry you have been sick. Your exercises are quite good, but you need to develop more freedom of arm movement. Put
steam back of your pen, and you will win.
W. H. G., R. I. You are starting ofi' in fine shape. Keep right on. Get down to solid work on the small letters.
E. W. D., Mich. I have looked over your work with unusual interest. It is some of the best I have received, if not the best. If lots
of good hard practice will make a first-class penman you will certainly become one. Where did you study penmanship?
D. S. W.. Pa. You are starting out nicely. Your movement exercises are well made. Give some time to figures, and try to master a
good, plain, rapid business figure
J. D. P., W. Va. You are starting olf all right. Keep on. You have a teacher who knows how to teach penmanship thoroughly. I
see a great many in Wheeling are after the certificate.
H. G. R., Md. Your work is good. It shows that
ter.

M. B., W. Va- Your first lesson is well done. Just keep right on and I'm sure you will come out all right for a certificate.
 TKENTON.N.J
'^M!-''^"/^m!^J9J»'-9>"^')';^'WmWWMi:^*i

lessons in Practical IDrittng

Students' Speci \£
^
mens criticised
Rider-Moore
and Stuart
School of
Business.
k through the
B. E.

3
Practice the straight line exercise until the arm moves freely back and forth in the sleeve from the shoulder. Always bring down
stroke of t line No. 2 to base line before making turn. Curve last line of No. 4 downward gracefully. Study errors to determine causes.

L^^..^^.^^^-.^^.^^^fe^^^^^^^^fe^^_.^^^^^^^^^.^fefe^

^-'-^^'^-'^^^^^<^-^^;::^':^^^:-^:^-^P'^f;^-:^,

Plate 16
This is quite similar to previous plate. Give attention in this lesson to slant of down strokes and finishing lines. Study andpractice.

^,.^t:?^^^^if.-'r:^?C^^C-t:::^^

Keep down stroke short in making the p. For line No. 1 lift the pen. Try to have up strokes and down strokes cross just above the
base line. The loop of the q should be well slanted and have lines meet on the base line.

^/aZ-e-FPyr

^ ^'-A^fY^^^^^^
 The loop letters are always considered difficult. Make up your mind to master them one by one as you come to them. Faithful
practice now will save time and trouble later. Curve upward line well and have downward stroke nearly straight. Note that the retrace
on the /> is like ir and k.
P/a/-e iTnr

Plate 19
In 72 and k the last downward stroke should be in the same direction as first. Aim to have /finished with lines meeting at baseline

P/aZ-e- JZ

'^ ^ ^ ^ '^y -^ <i^

^^
 f^^fS^ud/nedS^^/ua^^^ ^
We have now reached a new way of applying the arm movement. This is the reverse movement. Practice .\i>. 1 until ynu can make
the lines smoothly and easily. For the 7>/ the arm moves backward and forward and rolls gently to the right. It is \ery necessary that
the down strokes be straight in order to retrace them readily.
eritieisms.

L. N., Livingston, Mont-. Your work is good. Keep at it. Capital^ is open too much at the top. Would suggest that you make
lower case letters a little larger.

Boone, la. Small s should be sharp at top. Watch retrace on small ii- and r carefully, also aim to finish words without compound
curve. I like your work and hope you will continue your practice regularly.

W. B. L., Yukon, O.T. I should advise you to procure some good paper. Practice large movement exercises until you can get a
light, strong line. Small la and n should be well rounded at the top. Review frequently and I shall look for rapid improvement.

Sertnoticts or Supplementary Copies by Trancis B. Courtney. Comment by C. P. Zaner.

It's simply a matter of even excliange; a matter of balance as it were. Is your account square, or is it on the debit side?
Begin early to place something to your credit A good hand writing is a valuable asset which no young man or woman can well
.

omit placing to their credit in the account of life. It brings dollars to its possessor and radiates joy to all who read it, for good
writing gives pleasure to both writer and reader.

-i-^c-t-^/i^

^. ^ y ,^

^^>*2:^Li-«&^^ \J/-^...'^Ct:^^<;^-^

Nature has her way of doiiii; thni;;- which \\n .icic c.nn permanently conceal. Her laws are inflexible and Hxed. They may
be studied and read, but not understood. You can learn to read character, but you cannot know character. Like miud and elec-
tricity, it is a subtle force not understood. You can know, however, how to develop character and nothing will aid you so much
as the learning to read character in the face as in an open book. Begin to-day. Start with the mirror.
 >^m:sml3m^W/JyM/>?M)wm^>^^>MJ^mxB^m)mm^^

Procttcal Business IDrtting

Ois Clpplieb to Business Jorms

SOUTH FSAMINGHAM, MASS.

ii)j>
'

':^m^mj^^3^<^^mM^^}^mmmmi>m)'jm&^m^:MMyMM^m^ m
Though many may not have the opportunity to give Commercial Law the time and thought it should have, yet there are a few defi-
nitions, a few ideas that should be understood by all. In the next two lessons, we shall endeavor to devote our time to some of the most
important which can be fixed in the mind by rewriting.

£ty

--;:;<^^^--;&-,i^i.X_--2S^i)?^^ Zt^L-ti^ ^.-^^-z^i,^-^;;^-,!?!—t^_,e-

c^-ty
 f^^^u^^/n^U^&Au^i^ ^
EHtle Writing, rightly taught. Our Public School Friends.
Cess Chan and at the right period of
Criminal life, can be acquired with-' now running
Mr. Doner, whose lessons are
in a reasonable length of time. As in The Businks.s educator, and who is
now taught, writing is learn«";d one supervisor of writing in the public schools
way in the primary grades, and un- of Beverly, Mass., is preparing a special
learned in the grammar grades. Form A rticle for The BUSINESS EDUCATOR, which
is gotten during the first years, but will appear ere long, and "which will doubt-
it form by the drawing process,
is less be of special interest to our public
and is therefore not worth much when be given, are a few of the many things school friends. This penmanship revival is
it comes to real writing. which need to be given attention, as not con fined to public schools, but is spread-
For free, practical writing, form they all enter into the question of suc- ing through tlie other schools as well. It
must be not only in the eye and mind, cessful teaching and successful would seem that poor writing was about on
but in the muscle as well. To get it writing. its lastpegs, or at least poor teaching.
into the former, study is necessary, There is, therefore, no one thing so Through a press clipping we notice that
but to get it into the muscle, practice, all important, as there is the all im- Mr. J. L. Howard, supervisor of writing in
not drawing, is necessary. portance of a number of things, the the Maiden, Mass., public schools, has been
The muscle can be trained and sub- neglect or ignorance of any one of successful in securing the consent of the
dued only through right practice, which affects the whole and affects Board of Education to change from the
which, in writing as in most things, seriously the end. vertical to the slant. They still teach the
consists of proper training upon ex- Our plan is to neglect no essential vertical to the children, but he hopes by
ercises preliminary to actual work. and to give to each its due attention another year to have a slight slant adopted
This preliminary ' training should in the evolution of a correct method throughout the grades. He also secured
cover at least some months before an of teaching and mode of writing. permission to introduce movement and cap-
attempt should be made to use the The prominence we have thus far ital exercise slips in connection with the
newly acquired art. given to the primary evils of teaching books he is using. These are forward steps,
The old adage, "If it is worth doing, children has been to center attention which indicate that Mr. Howard is awake tn
it is worth doing well," should apply upon an evil which has been overlooked the demand of the times, and is doing liis
to writing as well as to other things. and unsuspected. That and nothing part in developing the writing in the public
If people must be taught to write, more. schools of Maiden.
then it is little less than criminal to no We are not pessimists.
fail to teach them to write well, par- One We are not hobbyists. We
ticularly when it would take less time lOay are not one-ideaists. We Partial Contents of the Ceacbers' Pro^
to do so than it now requires to teach are not of the opinion that there is fessional Edition.
poor writing. but one way of teaching writing or
Besides, the right kind of writing but one way of writing successfully.
can be used to advantage in school We believe that writing may be taught Associate Editor's Page.
life as well as after. Much writing is by a great man)' ways and yet taught
now demanded in the upper grades, successfully. We believe that the Commercial Geography, by Frank
therefore, pupils should be prepared methods of successful teaching of
to meet the need by being taught the O. Carpenter, Boston.
writing are so numerous that no one
proper mode at the time when other who pretends to teach at all should Correspondence, Carl
Business
studies are not so numerous. fail to teach the art fairly well.
Devote more time to the teaching of We are so optimistic and confident
Lewis Altmaier, Drexel Institute,
writing during the years from ten about teaching the art and getting Philadelphia.
to twelve, and less will then be neces- practical results, that we care but
sary before or after. This is the age little whether small or capital letters, Department of Business Practice,
of concentration and we must begin or figures are presented first, and by Associate Editor, E. O. Folsom,
the work of conserving and utilizing whether many or few exercises are and F. J. Hillman.
energy in the schools. As now taught, given. Given the opportunity to pre-
writing dissipates rather than con- sent good, plain forms, with free and Practical Mathematics, W. E.
serves energy. Let thfi good work easy movements, we can promise
be begun. White, Gem City Business College,
practical results by an indefinite num-
no Do not misunderstand ber of routes called methods. Quincy, 111.
One either us or the question. Not only do we believe in multiplic- Commercial Law, W. H. Whigam,
thing Do not conclude that the ity of methods in teaching the art of
teaching of children to write before arts, but we believe in an infinite Chicago.
they are old enough to learn rightly variety of styles of writing— all plain,
is the only thing wrong, the right- all practical, all rapid, all suited to Typewriting by Miss Stella Smith,
ing of which will remedy all the other the various types of individuals who Simmons College, Boston.
ilTswhich affect the art. All we have use them.
been attempting to do is to point out It matters but little whether your Business Ethics and Business Col-
that the first wrong committed in the writing is sharp or round, tall or run- leges.
teaching of writing is in attempting ning, large or small, heavy or light,
to teach the art to pupils too imma- slanting or vertical, but it does mat- History of Business Educators
ture to acquire it, and that the results ter whether it is good or poor. Qual- AND Penmen.
of such teaching are far more serious ity counts more than kind.
than has generally been believed. It is good teaching and good writing Association Announcements, Etc.
Following the right beginning at the we are advocating. Style and manner
right time will come other problems, are subordinate to excellence. Typewriter Field Notes.
which, while less serious, are none The idea that there is some one
the less essential to successful and method of teaching, some one mode Program of the Private Commer-
finished writing. or movement in writing, and some one cial School Managers' Asso-
Form, which involves slant, angu- style only that is right, is not our idea. ciation.
larity, rotundity, size, proportion, We have opinions, it is true, as to
style, etc., must still receive serious what we think is best, but we also Interesting News Items.
attention. Movement, whether the concede "that there are others."
extremes of exclusive finger or ex- The world is broader to-day than it School and Professional.
clusive arm action, or a compromise was yesterday. It moves. So must
of both, shall be taught and' used. we or ere long we shall find ourselves The March of the Pedagogues.
Method, whether form or movement behind, and the worst is we shall not News Notes .\nd Notices.
shall be taught, first, or simultane- realize it.
ously, whether small or capital letters Better teaching and better writing Catalogs and Circulars.
shall be presented first, and whether is our creed; not some one way for
class or individual instruction shall all, but the best for each. Ye Old Time Penmanship.
 f^^fSBud/n^^A^^f/u^^i^?^ ^
Opening Exercises. can carry. Advancing in this way, a
yrg:^ , A'-^^^^n..
little at a time, it is easy to deposit
in the minds of one's students, within
When we consider the great value
a few months, along with the reading
of inspirational influences and the I Associate=Editor's mentioned before, a great fund of
lamentable need of something to
immortal inspiration.
stimulate self-activity among young The material is everywhere, but the
people, it is a matter of profound re- teacher can make his own compilation
gret that commercial schools gener-
from books of quotations obtained
allyhave no regular opening exercises, from the local library.
and that even in public schools too them in his daily reading —
unless he
We say to our class, "What does
frequently these exercises consist of is satisfied to feed his mental hunger
on the husks of " yellow journalism." Franklin say about economjr?" and
a dry formalism without life or earn- they answer, "Beware of little ex-
estness, and therefore valueless as We mix this purely inspirational penses a small leak will sink a great
an appeal to dormant aspirations. reading with that which treats of ;

business strategy and which presents ship.

School exercises should be opened "What did Solomon think of the
every day by a brief reading from the the essentials of success in the con-
crete form of a business story. For importance of sticking to one's busi-
Bible, followed by at least a concert "
this purpose — for the man who has
ness ?
repetition of the Lord's Prayer. Less The answer comes in concert,
than this cannot be done in the inter- sufficient ballast not to be discomfited " Seest thou a man diligent in busi-
est of what ought to be the highest by the presence of a good deal of
slang and some rather irrelevant ness, he shall stand before kings he
purpose of every school— the building
;

shall not stand before mean men."

of character. "spooning" — the following are ex-
Calumet K, Roger Drake, You want to teach the importance
We know a man who reads the book cellent:
of concentration, and up bobs Owen
of Matthew daily. It is one of the The Banker and the Bear, The Short
Line War, The Octopus, The Whip Meredith with a thought from Lucile :

best of the four synoptic gospels, as "The man who seeks one thing in
a presentation of our Saviour's life Hand, The Daughter of a Ma,a;nate,
A Link in the Girdle (now running in and but one
life
and teaching. By reading a dozen May hope to achieve it before life
verses each morning, it can soon be the Saturday Evening Post), and
many of the short business stories be done
completed. The book
of The Acts ;

But he who seeks all things,

may well follow, with selected chap- that appear currently in The Saturday
Evening Post, Collier's, McClure's, wherever he goes.
ters from the writings of Paul. To Only reaps from the hopes which
many students this would be the first and other periodicals. We have but
ten minutes daily for our opening around him he sows
connected Bible reading to which they A harvest of barren regrets."
ever listened. Omitting the inevitable exercises. No time is wasted.
Or, perhaps it is an exhortation to
moral and spiritual value to be de- But let no one deceive himself in
thinking that he can do this noble action rather than contemplation :
rived, the importance of this under-
taking merely as a literary exercise work effectively unless he //i'ls what "Do noble things not dream them
all day long.
cannot be over-estimated.' The ig- he tries thus to teach. Pompous And so make life, death, and the
norance regarding the Bible is shock- "elocution " is neither necessary nor
vast forever one grand, sweet
ing to those who reverence the great tolerable. V'anity and superficiality,
sham and pretense in actual life are
song."
Book, and the lack of knowledge re- Perchance it is, instead, a talk on
garding it is the cause of unspeakable not consonant with the accomplish-
humiliation to thousands of young ment of the high purpose we have in fetting around in the morning, and
mind here. Young people have eyes, olomon helps us with "Yet a little
people who know that they ou^ht to sleep, a little slumber, a little folding
be informed about it. A few minutes ears, heart, and brain. The reader
of the hands to sleep: so shall thy
of daily reading will accomplish won- may fool himself but he cannot hood- poverty come as one that traveleth,
ders and will secure, in after years, wink them. Emerson wisely said,
"What care I what you say when and thy want as an armed man."
the heartfelt gratitude of many who And when we want to impress the
will long since have forgotten "cross what you do stands over my head,
and thunders in my ear so loud that value of pure thinking, how like a
multiplication" and most of the " good Samaritan comes the little
" word-signs. " I cannot hear what you say ?
The principal factors in the remark- monitor, "Our thoughts are ever
Then, too, besides the New Testa- forming our characters, and what-
ment readings that we have indicated, able success of L. M. Thornburgh
along this line are his earnestness ever they are most absorbed in will
what a mine of glorious truth is to tinge our lives."
be found in the Old Testament — and his example. But if you truly
How inspiring Lowell's word:
Joshua 1 ; Psalms 19, 23, 24, 103 love the Welfare of your students and
Be noble; and the nobleness that lies
Proverbs — especially chapters
'*

three earnestly desire to' arouse in them In other men sleeping, but never dead.
and four; Ecclesiastes 12; Isaiah .SS aspirations toward a success not Will rise in majesty to meet thine own."
and 54; —but space forbids a further measured by dollars alone,' /;;i' /'/.• no And here is a beautiful crystal from
enumeration. matter how haltingly and timidly, // Whittier's " .Snowbound
"
6eneral ^^^ besides the Scriptural only you aic m
earnest.
:

" Yet Love will dream and Faith will trust

Keadina 1?^^°" ^^^ Lord's ment«ry ^
time-honored method of (Since He who knows our need is just)
Prayer f"^
(we use three or 6ems teaching great principles That somehow, somewhere, meet we must.
four minuies only in this part of our and waking latent ambi- Alas for him who never sees
tion is to have students memorize the
The stars shine through his cypress trees
opening exercises), there should be a Who hopeless, lays his dead away,
daily reading from some good inspir- well-phrased ideas of notable writers. Xor looks to see the breaking day
ational book such as Dr. Marden's
; We all know how invaluable these Across the mourntul marbles play!
Who hath not learned, in hours of faith,
Pushing to the Front, or The Young gems of truth are, not only in their The truth to flesh and sense unknown,
Man Entering Business Letters of a
; moral suggestiveness, but also as a That Life is ever lord of Death,
Self-Made Merchant to His Son or ; stimulus to original thought and And Love can never lose its own " !

from occasional addresses like Ed- wise action. The teacher who honestly and
ward W. Bok's The Keys to Success In teaching cjuotations, we repeat a earnestly makes a fair test of the
(found in "Modern Eloquence"); phrase or a line and then have the suggestions here given, will find
Andrew Carnegie's The Road to Suc- class repeat it with us, in concert, to compensation so great that no
cess (published in "The Empire of avoid the appearance of setting a amount of cynical sneering from the
Business"), and similar addresses task, and to encourage the timid; indifferent, the shallow, or the self-
that can be found by scores when always being careful not to give more seeking will ever again prevent him
one's attention is on the alert for at a time than the average memory from exercising the glorious privilege.
 f^^f3Bud^u>li^^^/ifu^iiK^ ^
fineness and elasticity of the "staple."
Staple = fibre, therefore long staple =
^ ';>y"-» 3^ ^ •T^^^^S^^^- long fibre, short staple = short fibre.
The preparation of semi-textiles is
DtPARinENT OF of course similar to that of textiles in
many respects as, a. Production of

©
the raw material, h. Rolling or mat-
^on\mcrcial (Scograpt^y ting into a flat web or fabric, c. Fin-
ishing but the processes of manu-
;

Fkank O. Carpenter facture are so varied they can not be

classed together as textiles are.
7hf Kdttor of tilts DfpaT-tmeiit may tip uddressed directly at tite
Fiighsh High Silioal Botton. Mass.: ttul commiinlratinns miuiring a
itply tnust i»i «(/ (QstfA miclose return postage to itisiire attention. ECONOMIC USES OF TEXTILES.
The most important use for textile
fibres is the manufacture of cloth or
woven fabrics. For this all kinds of
Note. The word hemp should not fibres are needed as the textures vary
be used with manila, sisal, or other from the most delicate linen lawn or
plants none of which are like hemp, India muslin to the coarse and heavy
Man's second great need, after his which is a bast fibre. Manila and burlap, and sacking made from jute,
food is procured, is for clothing, sisal are distinct fibres. or the stout water-proof Irish woolen
which he uses for warmth, protection, 4. Wood fibres. Those obtained frieze.
and ornament. This clothing is by splitting the wood of plants VEGETABLE FIBRES.
made either from the skins of animals into fine splints or threads used
or the fibres of various plants. Skins for baskets or matting, etc., as There are very man)' plant fibres in
were used for ages before man willow, ash splits, rattan, etc. the world which are suited for textile
learned the art of weaving fibres into 5. Fruit fibres, as coir fibre, which work but few are as yet of commer-
cloth, and the degree of his civiliza- is made from the fibre surround- cial value which have been tested by
tion shown by his skill
is in cloth-
ing the cocoanut (really a seed experience and found good. For ex-
making. The fabrics made for cloth-
fibre). ample, many common weeds in the
ing are also used for shelter, as Arab Animal. Animal fibres are of three United States, as milkweed have a
tents, Indian tepees, for awnings, kinds stronger and better fibie than jute, of
table linen, bedding, etc. Early man 1. Hair, as human hair, horse hair, which millions of dollars worth are
wrote his books and drew his pic- goat hair, bristles, rabbit fur. imported yearly. To make these
tures on skins and linen. The best 2. Wool. The hair of the sheep. weeds of value commercially, how-
paper of today is made of linen fibre, Angora goat i. e. mohair, camel, ever, would require much study and
and the college graduate receives as llama, alpaca, vicuna. special machinery for preparing the
proof of his education a diploma care- 3. Silk. A
thread made by the raw fibre. Ramie (pronounced ram' y)
fully written upon a parchment made for example, a fibre in many re-
silk worm, spider and some is
from sheepskin. It is not the things shell fish. spects better than cotton but for
of the world but ourselves that are which no cheap method of degurn-
new. B. SEMI-TEXTILES. ining was devised until lately, and is
In the Science of Commerce the Semi-textiles are those fabrics Which new on the market and expensive.
various fibres and fabrics used for are not -ccoven but are like textiles in The fibres are of two kinds 1. Com- :

human clothing and other needs are being flat, thin, light, flexible and mercial fibres, those tested and of
grouped together under the name of are largely used for clothing, up- permanent market value. 2. Native
TEXTILES. holstery, etc. They are of three fibres, those used only locally or of
kinds : occasional or special use and are not
Textiles are divided into two 1. Matted fabrics = felt, paper. yet thoroughly tested.
classes :
2. Skins= leather, furs. Vegetable fibres are classified ac-
A. Textile fibres and fabrics, as, 3. Rubbers = rubber, gutta percha cording to use as :

cotton, flax, wool, silk, and the — all

fabrics made from the A. 1. Fabric fibres, used to make
cloth made from them. gum or resin of plants. cloth by weaving, cotton, flax,
B. Semi-textiles as leather, paper, There are two stages in the prepar- ramie, jute, manila, coir, New
rubber, etc., fabrics made of felt, ation of textiles. Zealand flax.
hair, moss, etc. 1. Production of textiles as :
— 2. Si/bstilutes tor cloth, made of
TEXTILE FIBRES AND FABRICS. a. Growing the plants or raising bast fibresby stripping them
A.
the animals which yield the tex- and pounding together, as Kapa
Textile fibres are those which can tile fibres. cloth, papyrus, lace bark, Cuba
be xfoven into cloth or twisted into b. St'paia/ing the. vegetable fibre riblDon bast for millinery and
ropes, twine and nets (Textile means from the rest of the plant and cigarette wrappers.
woven). Textile fabrics are either taking the hair from the animal. B. /Vetting fibres, used for laces,
mineral, vegetable or animal. c. Packing the fibre in bales or nets and hammocks, cotton, flax,
Mineral. The only mineral that can bags. ramie, agave. New Zealand flax,
be woven is asbestos, much used d. Transporting the fibre to the and native fibres of many kinds.
for fire protection. It was first mills or place of manufacture. C. Coidage fibres, a. For ropes,
used by the ancients who named 2. Manufacture of textiles — : twine, cords, and lines, cotton,
it asbestos = fireproof. Spun glass a. Cleaning the fibre by washing, manila, sisal, sunn, Mauri-
flax,
can be woven but is not yet com- scouring, decarbonizing, etc. and bow string hemp. New
tius
mercially important. b. Carding = combing the raw Zealand flax and coir.
/ 'ege/ahle. Vegetable fibres are of material until the fibres lie paral- b. Tie material, rough twisted,
five kinds : lel to each other, with all dirt mostly native fibres, as palm
1. Seed or surface fibres, as cotton, and foreign substances removed. leaf fibre, peeled bark, seaweed,
and kapok. c. Spinning = twisting the fibres raffia.
2. Bast (or bark) fibres, which are into a " yarn " or thread. D. Plaiting fibres, used for
the fibres which form the inner d. Weaving = process of plaiting 1. Clothing or dress, wheat, rye,
fibrous bark of various exogen- the fibres into a cloth. barley and rice straw for straw
ous plants as, flax, hemp, ra- e. Finishing = processes like siz- hats, palm leaf strips for Panama
mie, jute. ing, printing, dyeing, napping, hats, Cuban bast, rushes.
3. Structural = leaf and stem fibres, sponging, brushing. 2. INIatting and thatch roofs, Chi-
mostly from endogenous plants f. Packing in rolls, boxes and nese and Japanese grass and
as, manila (hemp), sisal (hemp), cases. straw, bark,
New Zealand flax, rattan, bam- g. Transporting to place of sale. 3. Baskets, willow, ash splints,
boo, palmetto, luff a fibre (which Textile fabrics are graded and val- palm leaf strips, grass.
is exogenousj, raffia. ued according to the length strength , 4. Furniture, chair bottoms; wil-
 f^^^Ud/u^d^<^i(/iU^i^fr^ ^
low, rattan, ash splints, rushes.
E. Paper material.
1. Textile papers from textile
fibres in raw state or from cot-
ton or linen rags. DEPARTMENT OF
2. Bast papers —
Japanese paper,
mulberry and rice papers.
3. Palm papers — Palmetto and Business dorresponbcncc.
Yucca papers.
4. Bamboo and grass papers — CAKL LEWIS ALTMAIER,
bamboo, corn stalks, esparto.
5. Wood pulp or cellulose from Drexel institute, Philadelphia.
spruce or poplar by sulphite or
ground wood processes.
F. Bri^sh fibres — Tampico (used ^m&mm^mmfmmmh^
'

instead of bristles), palmetto,

broom corn, piassaba, Scotch
The present article will parth- il- He asked Messrs. Seligman & Co. to
broom plant, etc.
lustrate, b}' a few selected letters, sell bonds to these bidders, which
G. Filling. they agreed to do. The following is
Wadding, batting, as cotton
some of the points which have been
a.
previously discussed. Mayor Weavor's letter to The North
cushions, bedquilts, etc.
lint for
American Company informing it of
Probably the commonest fault the
b. Feather substitutes for pil- teacher will have to correct on the this fact
lows: cotton, kapok, milkweed. JULY
part of the student is the fault of 12, 1904.
c. Mattress and furniture filling; The North American Company,
brevity. Every student begins the
tow, waste textile fibres, straw, Philadelphia, Pa.
writing of business letters with the Gentlemen
Spanish moss, crin vegetal, corn one idea that the " be-all and the end-
:

husks. At my request, Messrs. J. & \V. Seligman

all " of a letter is brevity. His idea have kindly consented to offer you the
d. Calking fibres for vessels,
of brevity, however, is likely to be a amounts of bonds that you bid for, at 10'2
casks, etc.; oakum, and various
grasses.
curious conception. The result, and interest, as follows :

therefore, is that his letters at first $10,300

e. Stiffening (used in making 100
" staff " for buildings at Chicago are a disjointed combination of crude 77,000
sentences "signifying nothing." 23,000
and St. Louis fairs) in plaster For example, a class is requested to 5,000
instead of cows' hair, palmetto 73,400
fibre and New Zealand flax,
write a letterembodying the following 146,700
data 700
f. Protection in transportation of 150,300
glass, china, furniture, fruits, Yoii have received a letter, dated the 7th,
10,000
etc.;waste textile fibres, sea-
from Frank Richards Ilion, N. Y., order- 1.000
ing ,500 pairs of No. 1 Overalls. Write an I have done this for the purpose of en-
weed, excelsior, shavings. acknowledgment and inform Richards that
Packing for steam valves couraging individual bidding for munici-
g. 1. you have sent the goods by Merchants' pal bonds. Yours very truly.
and machinery, as cotton waste Fast Freight. Express the hope that the
and asbestos. goods will be satisfactorv. It will be seen that the letter is
In bulkheads and walls of war a complete record of the transaction
2. The student's idea of a brief letter
referred to, and is a specific offer
vessels to stop leaks corn pith, ;
will be manifested in a production
cellulose and coir. which may be accepted and made
somewhat like the following :
legally binding. I can imagine many
Animal fibres used as textiles are
either the hair of animals or a hair- NovE?IBEK 9, 11104. a student disposing of the whole
MR' Frank Richard.s, matter in a single sentence e. g., " I
like thread which is made of a gum- Ilion, N. Y.
;

my substance pressed out from the Dear Sir

beg to inform you that Messrs. J. &
animal's bod\-, as from silk worms, Yours received.
;

Have sent by fast freight. W. .Seligman have consented to sell

spiders and some shellfish. Hope it will be satisfactory. you the bonds you ask for." That,
Animals in warm countries usually Yours, etc. of course, is a much briefer way of
have one kind of hair,— thin, straight, dispatching the matter, but it is
Such a letter is colorless, blunt, and rather indefinite and not a proposi-
hard. altogether discreditable. With a few
Animals in cold countries usually tion which could be accepted without
have two kinds,
more words it may be made smooth, further negotiation.
courteous, and complete. For ex- This offer was then accepted by
a. Hair which stays on the animal ample
all the time and is straight, hard, '
:

November !i, I'.hu.

The North American Company, which
smooth, thin and stiff. Mr. Frank Richards, had made The Investment Company
b. Wool which falls out in summer Ilion, N. Y. of Philadelphia its financial agent for
and grows new in cold weather. It is UE.\R Sir :
the payment of these bonds. It then
curly or crinkly, soft corrugated, Your letter of the 7th instant, inclosing became necessary for The Investment
elastic. This elasticity distinguishes order for 500 pairs of No. 1 Overalls, is re- Company to inform Messrs. J. & W.
ceived. We have forwarded the goods h\ Seligman & Company of this fact,
wool from other textile fibres. The Merchants' Fast Freight, and trust that
curl or crinkle gives a springiness they will give you satisfaction. which they did in 'the following
like a coiled steel wire. Th^nkiug j-ou for the order and soliciting letter
Wool grows between the hairs and further favors, we remain, JULY 14, 1904.

forms a thick soft blanket which is Yours very truly. MESSRS. J. & W. SELI(;?IAN & CO.,
Philadelphia.
waterproof and a perfect protection The letters which follow are ex- GENTLEMEN
against cold. In some animals as amples of actual business letters as In accordance with the agreement be-
the sheep and Angora goat, centuries written bv men of intellectual grasp tween the Mayor of the City of Philadelphia
of breeding have produced an animal and vour Firm, to sell to The North Amer-
and business experience. These ican 'Company $497,500 of the "City of Phil-
that has no hair, and the wool is very letters passed between the parties adelphia $I6,0(X).000 Thirty-year Miscellane-
long, soft and fine. named, in the awarding of the ous Improvement Loan " at a price of 102
Hair. The hair of animals is and interest, we are authorized b>- the
1. $16,000,0(10 loan recently made by the North American Company tii pay you for
used for brushes, as hog bristle City of Philadelphia. The circum- these bonds in full as soon as you notify us
brushes, camel's hair paint brushes, stances were these: Messrs. J. &. W. of date of payment and am'>unt of interest.
mattress filling, as curled horse hair, Seligman Co.'s bid for the entire
We inclose herewith a copy of Mayor
>!<: Weaver's letter to the North American
and for plaster stiffening, as cow's $16,000,000 was accepted by the City Company as forwarded to us by The North
hair. of Phil.idelphia. Many individuals American Company'.
Wool. The wool of commerce Yours very truly.
2. in the City of Philadelphia, through The Invest.he.nt Co.'>ip.\ny ok Phila-
is obtained chiefly from sheep, but The North American Company, made delphia,
the wool of -the camel Cashmere and bids for small amounts. Mayor Bv..
Angora goat (mohair), alpaca and Weaver was desirous that these in- Inc. Treasurer.
Continued on page 24.)
( dividual bids should be recognized. (Cotitiuned on page 24.)
 ^^^fSBuJ/n^^^dfu^ii^ ^
sist that my pupils write their names
and addresses in the upper left hand
corner of their envelopes. I have
Department of ^Susiness Practice. never made use of a cancelling stamp,
etc., but I know that some do use
I!v The Associate Editor. them, and their use may make the
work more business-like.'
Before sending the work to the
various schools, I hurriedly inspect
Randlina Correspondence. of a business course, or it may be the contents of each envelope paying
nothing more than a mere burlesque attention to only the mechanical 'part
One most important features
of the of proper business practice. It is my of the work, (/ne can see at a glance
of a course in business and office purpose to comment briefly upon a whether proper folding has been ob-
practice is the drill it affords in the few rnatters which I consider to be served, or whether a draft which the
composition of letters, and the syste- of_ prime importance if we would at- letter mentions has been enclosed,
matic handling of both incoming and tain satisfactory results. or whether the said draft is properly
outgoing' correspondence. I have known several schools to indorsed. I believe that it is within
In our own work we have inter- make satisfactory work an impossi- the province of each school to see to
communication practice, and incom- bility by trying to accommodate too it that all this work be done properly

ing mail is distributed among' the many other schools. ^Mail coming to before being mailed. I do not, at this
boxes of a post office, one of which is our offices from other schools should time, verify all computations such
assigned to each student and each be attended to n-'t later than the next as invoice extensions, etc., as errors
office. In the early stages of the day after it is received. If our offices of this nature should be found by.
work, all incoming mail is examined are so crowded with work that orders the one receiving the paper and the
before being delivered, in order that and shipments must lie on the count- said paper be immediatel}' returned
no foolishness on the part of distant ers from one week to one month be- for correction. I have found that if
correspondents may be allowed to fore being attended to, the pupil at pupils have been properly drilled in
slip through although this precau-
;
the other end will, in manv cases, addition, multiplication.' etc., and
tion is somewhat relaxed after we are have finished his work before receiv- are then properly impressed with the
satisfied that our correspondent ing replies to a considerable part of responsibility of their work, errors
schools examine their outgoing mail his outgoing mail, thus depriving of this nature will be few. I find it
carefully. him of much of the benefit to be de- an excellent plan, however, during
A dating stamp is used to show rived from this work, and eliminat- our daily drill in rapid computations
when the letter is received, so as to ing_ from our own work that virtue to occasionally take the invoices and
meet complaints from those whose which should pervade every nook and account sales which the offices have
mail was held on the teacher's desk corner of a business school — projjpt- made out and which are ready to be
.before being sent to us. NESS. mailed, and dictate them toth'eclass,
In one office we use the vertical It has been my plan to distribute requiring the class to make exten-
file, with numeral index. Here we the incoming mail personally each sions. Any errors of the officers will
file with the original, copies made on day in order to form some idea of be detected in this manner and we
the rotary letter press or carbon ;
how much work of a foreign nafure may have the fault;- papers rewritten.
copies. In the other offices, the each pupil shall have to attend to I have found 6 by 9 envelopes the
letter book is used for copies of out- during the day, and, also, to learn most convenient for enclosing the
going letters, and the flat file for in- something of its nature. I find it work to be sent to various schools.
coming mail. especially de.sirable to examine care- After weighing these packages on
Practically all outgoing correspond fully the' mail coming to our offices small scales for a number of years in
ence in our offices is dictated to ad- each day. The pupil in charge order to ascertain the required post-
vance students in shorthand, who should be instructed concerning the age, I became imbued with the idea
transcribe it and submit it to the proper routine for the day's work. I that the sense of weight had become
office manager for correction. It is believe that correspondence pertain- so highly developed in my arm that
then brou.ght to the teacher, who, if ing to errors should have our first I could balance the packages in my
he is satisfied with it, places his attention. If an invoice is returned hand, and determine the necessary
"approval" stamp on it. It is then to us with the claim that an exten- postage, with accuracy. After put-
returned to the office manager for sion is incorrect, the claim should be ting this theory into practice for a
accompanying enclosures, and is investigated promptlv, corrections few months I received an envelope,
finally brought to the teacher's desk made, and a reply be written so that one morning, from one of our corres-
unsealed. the pupil in question will have been pondent schools. On opening the
Everything is examined bv the retarded in his work only the mini- envelope, I found several pieces of
teacher before the letters are sealed mum amount of time. After matters paper, each representing the upper
and enclosed in large envelopes ready of this nature have been attended to, portion of an envelope, on each of
for the mail. We use imitation orders, shipments, etc., (depending which appeared a "postage due"
stamps and we are very particular upon the nature of the office) should notice. They bore silent, eloquent,
about the placing of stamps correctly be handled. After this, work of a testimony to the fact that I had mis-
on outgoing letters. We have even miscellaneous nature may be dis- judged my ability, and others had
gone so far as to use a canceling posed of. Of course, if there are been vexed by m;- shortcomings. I
stamp, showing the date of the de- enough pupils in an office, this work immediately made amends, and, ever
parture of the mail. can all be done at one time, but, in since, my scales have remained in
We believe thoroughlv in the im- many cases, there are but one or two commission. From the amount of
portance of the drill in' correspond- pupils in an office and a fixed routine business practice mail which has
ence afforded by carefullv-conducted is a requisite. I follow the above come to me during the past, on which
business or office practice, and we routine with the interests of the pupil the school with which I was con-
believe enthusiastically in the co- at the other end in mind. It has nected paid from two to six cents
operation of the office practice and been my experience that pupils dis- postage for each package,! am led
shorthand departments. like to attend to letters pertaining to to believe that others are laboring
Our readers will be pleased with errors, and if permitted to do so, 'will under the same delusion that haunted
the following statements on this sub- often lay these letters aside for sever- me for a time. I have never b^en
ject from two well-known successful al days, if not for all time. able to devise any method which has
commercial teachers. We invite con- I recjuire mv pupils to prepare all resulted in diminishing the postage
cise explanations of the methods outgoing papers for the dav and expense to any extent. Of course,
followed in other schools. bring them to my desk for ap'proval light stationery may be used, but
at one time. After approval, the light paper usually means poor paper,
€. O. Felsom, Fitcbburg (Hlass.) BusU
ncss eollege. letters are copied in a letter-book and and poor paper means poor work.
all papers are finally enclosed in en- It would seem that those schools de-
Intercommunication business prac- velopes, unsealed, and placed in a siring to use this system must expect
ticemay add greatly to the strength receptacle for that purpose. I in- (Co?ifi?iiied o?i page 24.)
 f3^i^3^ud/n^iLy^f/ifu^i/ir* ^
BANK DISCOUNT
AATien a note is offered to a bank for
discount, the banker looks not so much
on the face of the paper as on the sum
that a'/// be due at »iaturity (usually 3
days later than indicated in the note),
Practical Hlart^ematics for this is the amount he can legally col-
lect from the debtor. From this sum he
retains the simple interest at the rate of
W. E. WHITE, discount from the date of discount to the
Coli-ege, Quincy, ill date of maturity-, and pays the balance
GEM City Business
over to the discounter.
When a note draws no interest, the
' '";''
'^-^^i«dj^Jfe^-iir<>:i»^ig^"%'^^^^^^^^ ^^^"^y-^-^^^ sum due
at maturity is its face; but if the
note bears interest, then the iSiCe plus the
interest is the sum due.
V Discount Problems The following steps should be carefully followed when com-
puting bank discount.
FOR RAPID CALCULATION CLASSES 1. Find tlie date of maturity grace included. ,

The previous lessons of this series have been devoted to prob- 2. Compute interest {if any) at given rate: add to face.
lems and methods for adding, multiplying, computing interest, 3. Find C-vacf days from date of discount to maturity.
and averaging of different kinds. The present lesson completes 4. Compute into est at rate of discount on amount due for the
the series, and will be devoted to trade discount and bank dis- term of discount, which is the bank discount.
—
count the first relating to a method of grading prices among 5. Subtract the hank discount from the amount due; the re-
dealers, and the second, to the allowance made to a bank when mainder is the net proceeds.
negotiable paper is sold to it.
TRADE DISCOUNT —
Example. A note for $500 is dated June S, 1904, and due in 6
months, with grace, interest 6% from date. It is discounted at
In adjustin.g prices, dealers are obliged to meet several con- 8% at bank, August 13, 1904. Find bank discount and proceeds.
ditions, which at first thought one would think almost impos-
sible. vSome customers buy in large quantities, others in small;
some buy on long time, others on short, and still others for spot face From June 5, 6 months
Aside from this, prices are apt to fluctuate on account of forward is December .S,
cash. _15^2^int. 6.1 mo.
increase or decrease in cost of raw material or of manufacture,
plus 3 days is December
and competition must be met. The wholesale dealer must set 515.25 amt. due Dec. 8 8, date legalh- due.

prices on his goods so they may be properly classified and de- 13.40 bk. dis. 117 da. ,
From August 13 to De-
scribed in his catalogue. These varying conditions are all suc-
cember 8 is 117 days, the
501.85 net proceeds term of discount.
cessfully met by a series of discounts, the first being taken from
the catalogue price, the second from what remains, the third The following list of notes was discounted at a bank at (>% on
from what then remains, etc. April 1. 1904. What was the net proceeds of the entire list?
—
Example. A dealer offered a wagon for 105*.^ and 5% off his due face term amount net .

list price of |80, and finally made a further allowance of 2% for including plus (if minus proctvds
I'ash pa.vment; wha:t was the net cost to the customer?
intercs note srace nterest discount discount of each
14
FIRST SOLUTION SOLUTION 550 5% 3
-2-11)
2 mo. 5 n 19M 550.56
list price 1.00 1.00 1.00 285 8% 04 90 da.
-D 17
less 10% of $8C .10 .05 .02
700 6% 6 mo.
190 4% 111 yr.
72 first offer .90 X .95 X .98=.8379
430 9% 3 !5"
9 mo.
3.6 less 5'/c of $72 m_ 850 8% 1 8
60 da.
58.4 second offer Net price $67.0320 -#2
679 5% 8
3yr.
1.368 less 2% of % 68.4 111 the above 31
1

. taken fr< 510 4% 5

7 mo.
67.032 net price 11-4-
tlK
te.id of "off."
the
\

Multiply 900 7% 30 da.

7-
Dictate the first three columns of the following, and reciuire 543 6% -ff
4 mo.
-^2 7
the net cost of each item and the total of the entire bill. 668 10% 3 vr.
-3 IB
trices discounts off ml cost The rates in trade dis- 510 9% 80 da.
24 ((V 4.50 10, 5, 2 90.49
count are usually simple
696 5% 12 W 5 mo.
either one figure or some
1

--3
18
18 (n' 3.75 50, 10 30.38 easy aliquot of 100. Thus 843 4% 90 da.
4-23
63 Cd' 2.25|33.\, 10,5 80.80 iu the first item in the list 742 5% 3 mo.
-8 17
65 ^«' 4.80 20, 10, 3 217.90 at the left, iV, zV, and A 780 6%
10-^
8 mo. .suy.02
50 50 270.
are respectively subtracted
from the preceding result,
966 7%
5-
60 da. n' 936.92
^
j

42 1.75 net I
73.50 giving the required net 739 8% 7 2 vr. fll^ 843.72
84 <'n 1.60110, 10,10 cost, 190.49. Turn 5 mills 385 12% iJ-H 10" mo. fll^! 410.25
-^
12 '<i 4.15 12.',, 20 into another cent, but dis- 421 8% 044 30 da. :|1^ 417.23
card less than mills.
9,5 '" 6.90j33.\, 2
,S
529 6% -3-104 5 mo. trill 530. 19
^"'
The discounts may b e
21 1.25 20, 5 taken from the number of
66 ''"
3.46 net articles, or from the price, uicn.ix
54 M 2.85 50, 3
i
or from the cost of the lot; The dates shown in the 3d and 5th columns of the above are
as the result is the same expressed by numbering the months, instead of giving their
48 rd, 1.10! 16i 5, 2
by either plan. names; thus, ^oi'' is March 14, 1904, etc.
3.3 ("' 6.45 8J-, 5, 2 The teacher should reg- When the time is given in months, as in the first item, count
12 *«' 4.60 12.K 81 ulate the len.gth of the list forward to the same day of the month in w-hich the debt falls
15 r«'io. 20, 20, 10 dictated to the advance- due, and then add the grace; thus, from March 14 forward 2
ment of his class and the months is May 14, plus 3 days for grace gives May 17 as the day
54 (^f 8.30 25, 10, 2
time at his disposal. It is the debt is legally due.
66 ^(v 9. net better, at first, to have sev- When the time- is given in days, as in the sixth item, count
81 (d) 5.50 5, 5, 5 eral short problems than forward the given number of days, regarding the exact days in
45 ®3.25 ^3,\, 5 one long one. mouths passed over; thus, from February 8, 1904 (leap year),
It is well in constructing forward 00 days takes us over 21 days "of February, 31 of March,
Grand total 3356.46 one of these lists to keep and 8 in April; hence April 8 plus the grace is .\pril 11, due date.
the number of discounts The teacher shoull dictate only so much of the above list as
within reasonable limits — not more than four or nve. he thinks the class can finish iu the time at its disposal.
 f^^^ud^i^U^^/iu^i/fr' ^
to accomodate B by the loan of a cer-
tain sum of money but may not have
the ready funds however, his credit
;

at the bank may be good, so he gives

DEPARTMENT OF A his note for which no value is given.
B now presents the note at the bank
for discount and is accommodated
(Eommcrcial £atr> with the use of the money. He is
\V. II. WHIGAM, Chicago supposed to pay the note when it falls
due; if he does not, the maker will be
Crane Manual Training High School. obliged to redeem it. Had B held the
note until due, he would not have
been allowed to collect, for there was
no consideration.
the maker does not pay maturity, Judgment Note— A judgment note is
notes at
an ordinary note to which is added
I will."
Definition a power of attorney enabling the
Form —
Parties The capacity of all parties holder to have judgment entered with-
Liability to negotiable paper is the same as
out the initiatory steps of serving a
Parties that of parties generally in contracts.
Kinds of Notes The original parties to a note are two summons and having a trial. To the
General Provisions in number: the one, the maker, who power of attorney is generally added
Accomodation Notes issues the obligation and promises a waiver of homestead exemptions,
Judgment Notes to pay; the other, the payee, to whom and, commonly, a stipulated sum as
Collateral Notes the payment is to be made. attorneys' fees-is named. The advan-
Maturity Notes— Xn individual note
h'i7ids of tages of such a note are all in favor
Interest
has but one maker. A joint note has of the holder. The judgment clause
Where Payable several makers; as, "we promise to facilitates collection.
yVoA-.f— This is one of the early forms pay," or "we jointly-," or "we jointly
of negotiable paper, made so b}' but not severally," would be example's
(Form of Judgment Note on page 27.)

statute. By reading the note one sees of joint notes; so, also, would one Collateral A^o/f— This is also an
that it is aii absolute promise to pay. reading, "I promise to pay," signed ordinary note to which is added a cer-
Defiiiilioji —A note is written evi- by several makers, be a joint note. tificate stating that the maker has
dence of a debt, coupled with an un- The makers agree to be held together. deposited with the payee certain col-
qualified promise to pay. A joint and several note is one lateral securites, together with certain
rights as incident thereto. It is a
quick and safe way to realize ready
money. For example, A desires to
$500.00. borrow from a bank five thousand
Ch icago, III.. Jan. 1. 1904. dollars, and to that end deposits with
the bank one hundred United States
Bonds as security. The bank is
Five months after date. I promise to pay D. C. Meyer, or order. abundantly secured and A is not
obliged to sell his bonds to realize the
Dollars. necessary money. The certificates
usually give the holder the right to
sell the securites in case the principal
No. 1. J. P. Shaw olDligation is not paid.
Form of Collateral Note on page 27.)
—
Maturit\ The maturity of a note is
usually determined as a certain time
In the above described paper J. P. signed by two or more parties as from the date of the note. The matur-
Shaw is maker and D. C. Meyer is makers, generally reading "we or ity may be stated in lieu of time as,
;

payee. The note matures June 1, 1904, either of us prornise to pay." The "'Nov.'l, 1904, 1 promise to pay." If
without grace, and would fall due on holder may proceed
against any one the paper reads "On or before a cer-
June 4, 1904, if grace were allowed by or all to enforce coltection. Joint
tain time," it is optional with the
the law of Illinois. It is not an in- notes are by statute law of most states maker as to the time of payment ex-
terest-bearing contract but will begin made joint and several to facilitate
cept that it becomes absolutely due
to draw the legal rate at maturity, if collection.
at the designated time of maturity.
not paid at that time. It is the dut)- Gciioal Provisions The law mer- — If no time is stated, the note is due
of Shaw to tender payment to the chant carries presumption of consid- and payable on demand.
holder, but the holder may demand eration, therefore, no statement rela-
payment at the maker's place of busi- tive to value is necessary. The use Interest— A
note is a written con-
ness. Meyer, the payee, may sell and of the words "value received" is of tract and is affected only by the terms
transfer his interest in tfie above long standing but they may be omit- clearly stated. If no mention is made
agreement by writing "his name on the ted without affecting the paper. The of interest, it is non-interest bearing.
back of the paper. It is a negotiable date is not an essential element, but In order to draw interest, it must be
promissory note as it contains all the as the maturity is usually computed so stated; as "with interest at 6."o',"
necessary elements. Point out the from the date of the paper, it is con- "with interest," "with use." All
necessary elements and indicate the venient. If omitted it may be sup- notes draw interest after maturity
non-essential terms used. (See Octo- plied by parol evidence. Notes bear in- whether so stated or not. Interest
ber Educator for essentials and non- terest only when so stated. If, "with would begin at that date ev-en though
essentials.) interest," is included, the legal rate the note reads "without interest."
Lia/ii/ity— The maker of the note is is meant. Any rate not contrary to Where Para/ile—The note given at
absolutely liable for its payment. law may be agreed upon. If the paper the beginning of the chapter is non-
Failure to demand payment at the due is silent as to the place of payment, interest bearing. It is the duty of
date will not excuse him. There is no it is the duty of the debtor, the maker, Shaw to find the holder and tender
liability on the part of payee how- ;
to seek the creditor and tender pay- payment. If he fails to do so, interest
ever, if he indorses and transfers the ment. If tender is not made on the at the legal rate commences. If a
paper he becomes conditionally liable. due date, interest will begin. place of payment is named, the tender
That is, in substance, he says, " If Accoimnodation Notes— A mav desire must be made at that place.
 ^^^^ud/n^d^/^fUu^Uf/ ^
a huge joke, and by the time this
""^/"''j&l^"^/^'^'''''^'^':'
-
y'

" "
phase of it has worn off, they will
have acquired the habit not only of
dusting, but of dusting quickly. The
movements in cleaning the type and
r^epartmcnt of in cleaning and oiling the carriage
rods or ways, may all be done in the
same way —by count, taking plenty
Cyperpnting. of time 'for them in the beginning,
then, day by day, limiting the tirne
until the whole can be done within
Miss Stki.i.a M. Smith, as College. Boston.
two minutes (the putting on and tak-
ing, off of gloves to be included in
the two minutes). Time tests in
::1J cleaning will rouse the spirit of riv-
alry and keep up the interest until
" this necessary practice has become a
Economy in movements and I also found that the " guide pieces
were worn through at the inner edges fixed habit.
'
I have never known
method in Practice. when I explained that this could be students to object to this part of the
avoided by sliding the " guide pieces" work when done in this way on the —
"Politeness is the oil which Lubri- beyond the writing points, she said: contrary, they seem to enjoy it. Not
cates the wheels of society," some "I know that, but I never can re- only do they acquire the greatest
one has truly said we may, with ; member to do it until after I have quickness and precision in this, but
equal truth, say: "The oils which written over them." they learn to calculate economy in
lubricate the wheels of the business I then asked her if she ever cleaned time and energy in everything they
office are Method and Economy." the type. do, and they will never sit down to
We who have taught long know to "Yes, indeed, once in a while I 'write on a typewriter that has not
our regret how the average student's have a great cleaning time, but it first been cleaned and oiled.
labors and difficulties are multiplied takes so long to do it and it is such a After the instruction in cleaning,
by the lack of methodical habits. dirty piece of work that I cannot give instruction as to the putting in
The typewriting room is the place of spare the time to do it often." of the paper, proper margins, and the
all places in the commercial school to All of which shows that Miss B position of the paper guides, etc.
train them in this respect, not only in did not lack knowledge, but viethod Conclude the lesson with finger gym-
order to obtain the best results in the in its application. nastics.
particular study of typewriting, but In typewriting, speed and accuracy SECOND LESSON.
also to prepare them for their work are the ultimate aims, but agility of Two minutes for cleaning.
generallv. the fingers is not by any means the Three minutes for finger gj-mnas-
Method in cleaning the typewriter; prime factor in the attainment of tics.
method in learning the keyboard ; speed, nor will simply the committing Memorv drill.
method in firac/iihig will result in the of the keyboard insure accuracy. Do not' use the typewriter for this
very greatest econ'omy of time and The necessary movements should be lesson, but give the two hand-posi-
energy. To teach a student how to carefully calculated then each reduced tions, having the students use charts.
clean the type, and then require him to the shortest possible length. Hav- Write u on the blackboard, then ex-
to clean them onl}- at irregular inter- ing done this, each movement should plain that from this key the distances
va s, is of scarcelj- more value than be slowly and carefully practised by to five other keys must be calculated
to leave him untaught. For one who the student until the correct habit's and their direction learned; treat the
uses the typewriter daily, whether in are formed, and then the movements eight finger positions in like manner,
school or' out of it, the day's work may be combined and practised with writing each on the blackboard, all
should begin by cleaning the machine. increasing speed. in different colors if possible. On
This is generally considered a dis- It is my opinion that in the class another part of the board, write u
tasteful task, and, for that reason, room the'writing period should begin once more, show the direction and
neglected until the condition of the with the cleaning of the typewriter, distance of v, then write y in its rela-
machine is such that it requires_ a followed by finger gymnastics, key- tive position, and instruct the stud-
professional repairer to overhaul it, board practice, and lastly, writing ents to practice sliding the finger
or, at least, an hour or more of the exercises. from u to y and back to n. After this
operator's time to clean it. Not real- THE FIRST LESSON. has been repeated a number of times,
izing that this could be avoided by add /. Point out on both double and
cleaning the typewriter daily, the op- In the first lesson the manipulation single kevboards the direction and
erator looks upon the cleaning as a of the keyboard should not be gone distance that the finger is to travel.
tedious, disagreeable duty, which into, but'^a careful drill should be
Then have the students practise the
takes much more time than can pos- given as to the mechanism and the three letters — uyiijn you illustrating
;

sibly be spared from the business of uses of the carriage release key, the
on the blackboard, while they (watch-
the day, and it becomes a "bug- indicator and scales, the line space
ing your finger) follow your move-
bear." lever and line space gauge, the mar-
ment's on the' charts. One at a time,
This attitude might be prevented if ginal stops and the paper guides,
add //, w, 11. The exercise should be
the cleaning habit
'
' be formed early
'

' and then iivtt ten times) nyuju (ten times)

in the typewriting training, and sys- Teach them to dust the
Cleanitii;.
I

iiyujuhu (ten times) uynjuhumti ("ten

tematically followed up by the teach- top of the cabinet or typewriting
times) ityujuhutmnni (ten times).
er during' the whole school course. table, and the exterior of the machine.
Continue,' taking up each finger in
To further illustrate my point, let me When I say " teach them to dust," I turn, and practising until the three
tell the following, which took place mean, teach them to dust with the banks of small letters have been care-
not long ago in the office of a friend : fewest possible movements, and by fully studied andj practised. Require
"Miss B- tells me that I must count, thus
— the students to memorize these and
buy a new typewriter," said my friend; "One Draw the cloth across the to bring in a chart, written from
"this one is old and does very poor desk, from right to left, with one firm memory"! at the next meeting of the
" motion.
work. Will you look at it ? class.
"What is wrong?" I inquired of " Two —
Draw it back, from left to THIRD LESSON.
Miss B —— , and I sat down in front of right, but a little further in, so as not
—
the typewriter. to go over the same spot twice," Five minutes for cleaning and gym-
"Oh, the letters are so blurred," and so on, counting each movement nastics.
she replied. "I think they are worn until the whole surface has been Keyboard Practice. (A good lesson
out." dusted. This is the first lesson in in economy may be given by requiring
An examination showed me that " Economy of ISIovements." At first, the students to number each sheet,
some of the type were badly worn the novelty of the exercise will amuse and to hand all sheets to the teacher,
and that all of them were very dirty. the students and they will enjoy it as whether correct or incorrect, the cor-
 ^^^^u^/iied^&i^uaiifr^ ^
rect ones only to be passed or ap- The processes of wool manufacture DEAR SIR :

proved, but all to be filed as ^ record would require a volume instead of a In assuming charge of this ofSce, I find
an antiquated and dilapidated niacliine,
of each day's work. Continually rnagazine article and can uot be men- which was at some remote period classed
press home the lesson that neither tioned here. They however must as a typewriter. It has now reached the
materials nor energy should be follow the cardinal principles of all stage where the mere sight of it is painful,
and to hear it in action is to liear a runaway
wasted). textiles,viz: carding, spinning and wagon on a Belgian pavement. It has, in
After the gymnastics, request the weaving, which are of course the addition, an unpleasant though pictures-
students to put the papers into the same for all fibres. que habit of bunching all the letters of a
word at one point, and of ringing the alarm
machines examine them as to mar-
; The silk of commerce is chiefly bell after the operator has hammered on
gins, marginal stops, line space obtained from the silk worm culti- nothing for a minute. Mypredecessor has
guage and guide pieces. This will vated or wild, but certain shellfish worn otf all the enamel. Kindly allow us
the privilege of writing ynu a letter on a
impress the importance of these produce a silk which is of good modern instrument, and oblige.
things upon the students, and give quality. Spider silk is good but the He secured the typewriter.
you an opportunity to help those who spiders will not spin "to order" as The other was by a romantic young
have forgotten the instruction in the the silk worm does and it is not a lady in answer to an advertisement
Second Lesson. When all is ready, commercial product. Artificial silk for a clerk. It was as follows
have them place the hands "in posi- is made in Europe of good quality
:

tion" on the keyboard, and repeat from a solution of certain gums, and
Dear Sir :

Kealizing that life is a stern reality, that

the lesson as given under "Memory cellulose. the happiest and best people nre the busy
Drill," adding, however, the space Mercerized cotton, made by dipping people, that to be self-supporting is to be
bar after each group of letters (using, cotton, stretched tightly, into a solu- not only in touch with this finde-siecle life,
but in a manner, as it were, independent of
of course, the opposite thumb). A tion of caustic potash, very closely that fickle jade Fortune, I have decided
whole period may be devoted to this resembles silk in lustre and softness, that instead of standing around with arms
practice, and the teacher may go from while its cheaper cost makes it a akimbo it would be better to l»e engaged in
some useful occupation, and I theerfore
desk to desk inspecting the finger most popular fabric and for several desire to make application for the position
position and operation of each stud- years the mills have not been able to you advertise in this morning's paper.
ent. Keep the students on " keyboard supply the demand for this beautiful She did not secure the position.
practice" for two or three days, then fibre. Ramie fibre is more beautiful
give them the and durable than the mercerized cot- Business Practice— Continued from
ton. It is the closest rival of silk Page
FOURTH LESSON. 20.
and when it is better known the com-
1. Two minutes for cleaning and mercial demand for it will be very to incur a reasonable postage ex-
oiling the machine. great. At present its high price pense and consider that the increased
2. Three minutes for finger gym- prevents its common use. efficiency of the school is ample
nastics. The great subject of Textiles could recompense for the extra outlay.
3. Ten minutes for "Keyboard profitablv occupy a dozen numbers Some teachers write to me that it
Practice." of this department, and the editor is useless to endeavor to have all of
4. Words. Select about one hun- must again express his regret that our pupils' accounts checked that
dred words, from four to fifteen letters he can give to it but a single paper. errors will creep in. But whv can we
;

in length, which will contain all the Teachers desiring a detailed study of not ? To do so we must be prompt
letters of the alphabet, and have the the fibres should get the I'nited and willing to correct all errors that
students write three or four lines of States Government " Catalogue of are reported, and we must be un-
each, watching their operation care- Useful Fibre Plants of the World," tiring in watching the work and
fully and drilling them in maintaining Superintendent of Documents, Wash- seeing that nothing-, especially in the
the hand
position, and releasing the ington, D. C, price 30 cents; and offices, is being slighted. If all the
keys quickly after striking them "Textile Fibres of Commerce," by teachers in a circle of schools en-
watch also the fingering, the line W. 1. Hannan, published by J. R. gaged in intercommunication work
spacing, and the use of the thumbs. Lippincott, Philadelphia, price $3.00. have a uniform understanding' and
The United States book is the best. are determined to maintain the
eommereial Geography 'Continued from XEW BOOKS. highest degree of accuracy possible,
Page 19. we shall find that when a pupil makes
A new outline blank of great value
a remittance to balance his account,
vicuna, llama, is of the highest qual-
for map drawing for Commercial the account at the other end will show
ity and value.
Geography pupils, has just been
issued by the Commerce Ac Industry the same balance that when we re-
;

Wool used as a textile fabric fibre

is ceive a monthly statement from our
Co., 50 Bromfield St., Boston, room
and is little commercial use or
of banking correspondent, enclosing
21 the first of a new series of outline
value except to be jiiade into cloth or ;

canceled vouchers, our account will

yarn for knitting. Its peculiar value maps planned by them. Teachers agree with the statement, after allow-
for cloth is due to its felting proper-
interested should write for sample
copies. Price in blocks of 50 maps,
ing for drafts issued and not yet
ties. The wool fibre is covered with paid. We shall also find that the
scales like sawteeth (3000 to the inch) 50 cents per block net.
work, under these conditions, is a
and which fit into each other and delight to both teacher and pupil.
interlock. In a moist heat if the wool Business Correspondenee- Continued However, when teachers permit their
is beaten or rolled, the fibres shrink from Page I9. pupils toorder, " as much general
into a dense, hard fabric called felt. merchandise as our wholesale office
The "fulling" of wooled cloth is The completeness of statement in can spare," or, " three carloads of
really a partial " felting" of the cloth the foregoing letters will, I think, be merchandise," orto draw sight drafts
after it is woven. The felt hats of apparent to the reader. Clear ex- upon our commission firm and send
commerce are made from rabbit fur pression, accuracy, and completeness these drafts directly to said com-
which has the same felting properties. of statement are more valuable than mission firm instead of to a bank or
The varieties of woolen fabrics are any other qualities in a business some third party, for collection, or
endless and the uses are as manifold. letter. The talent for accuracy in when the pupils attempt to make C.
The best domestic wool raised is a affairs may be distinct from literary O. D. shipments over a railroad and
very short stapled merino raised in talent, and, although one may be expect the Company to make the col-
Saxony and Silesia. The best wild unfamiliar with the classics, he may lection instead of sending drafts with
wool is the hair of the vicuna, a wild be able to write a good business bills of lading attached to some bank
animal that lives on the highest letter. or other collection agency, or when
Andes and must be killed to obtain The following specimens of actual these same teachers continue to per-
the wool. It is too scarce to be more letters written in business are inter- petrate a multitude of other monstros-
than a curiosity and the commercial esting because of their originality ities upon their unoflfending brethren,
vicuna cloths are made from wool. and their unique style. The first was we can, perhaps, best preserve our own
Vicuna wool is finer and softer than written by a man who had just taken mental equilibrium and at the same
the best merino, showing that nature charge of an office to which he had time guard our pupils' interests by
unaided can produce a finer wool than been transferred. It speaks for it- .severing connection with the schools
man can breed after centuries of effort. self and is as follows : presided over by these teachers.
 ,^^3Bu4/nedy^dfu^ii(fr ^
F. 3. Hillman, Sprinafield (inass.) BusU
ness eollege.
One of the most valuable features
of our commercial course, in niy
Business Ethics
opinion, is the intercommunication
prentice, if conducted properly. This
and Business Colleges.
means that several schools should be
thoroughly organized with definite
plans and rules for carrying on the " come willingness to do work at
The .September " Cosmopolitan in a lack of
work, in the first place, and that each contains the most concise and yet an important time; it may come in down-
school must maintain a high stand- right graft it may come in a willingness to
fairly comprehensive description of
;

ard. take advantage.

the Louisiana Purchase Exposition There are a thousand ways in which
lies, not so much in what
it
The value we have thus far read, and it is cer- makes itself manifest, but sooner or later
is learned about bookkeeping and tainly the most remarkable, inasmuch its presence is detected as certainly as a
business transactions, as in the op- piece of litmus-paper placed in the soil
as it represents one man's labors
portunities it affords to teach routine, shows the presence of the acid which turns
with the assistance of two stenog-
or system. I acknowledge that the it red. The young man presentl>- finds
raphers and one photographer. It himself out of a position. He knows that
Eractice is extreme valuable in the covers one hundred and forty-four
rst connection, but it is a simple he is a capable man in many directions. He
pages, and was done in eleven days. perhaps understands that he does good
matter to teach a person how to make Under the department heading of work; but he does not co^nprehend that
correct entries for certain business
transactions, as compared with "The Education of the World," this almost Intangible something, known
the editor, John Brisben Walker, the as Business Honor, is at the bottom of the
teaching him to do his work syste- man who performed this prodigious willingness to dispense with his services.
matically, and system is the back- intellectual task, after reviewintr and
The prediction may be ventured that
bone of office work. l)efore the next great exposition shall be
commenting upon the educational held, business colleges will have progressed
In presenting the following brief
exhibits in general, has the following sufficiently to teach Ethics, or Business
outline, I shall confine my attention Brown's business
to say concerning Morality, or whatever you choose to call
almost wholly to the Office Practice, college exhibit and the business of those things which in reality do more to
as I have but little time at my dis- advance a young man to true success than
teaching morality or ethics in such
posal, and that department offers mere profiency in scjme special branches.
schools :

tsetter opportunities to bring out the

one or two points that I wish to make. There is a large hall in one corner of the It is almost unnecessary to state to
Education Building, which shows the busi- the readers of The Business Educa-
I confess at the outset that my ideal

is seldom attained in actual practice, ness college with its courses of typewriting, tor that John Brisben Walker is a
bookkeeping, et cetera, in full operation at reformer; a practical, successful bus-
but we come as near it as we are able. certain hours of the day. It is a private iness man and one of the foremost
The incoming mail is opened by institution, having fifteen branches scat-
;

and most fearless men of the day.

the manager twice each day, at the tered throughout the West; and Hfty of its
begjinning of each session, ex- His comment and criticism cannot
is best pupils have been sent to St. Louis to
therefore be lightly considered or
amined, and stamped thus: take a sort of World's Fair postgraduate
Received Sept. 24, 1904 course, and at the same time exhibit for a easily brushed aside.
A. M P. M certain number of hours the actual opera- The first question that came to our
Office Bank tions of a business college. mind after reading the article, was the
D „ ^ ^^
Referred to After going carefully over the system, answer to the query " Do you give a
f

s.ruDENT
-^
Smith I ventured the inquiry
Ansd. 9-24-'04. By J. H. Smith.
:
course in business morality?" a rep-
" Do you give a course in business resentative one such as the average
This arrangement enables the man- morality?"
;

ager to see just how the transactions business educator would have made?
The look I received was one of surprise.
are being carried on, and to make Evidentlv the idea of a course in business Doubtless, right here, men eminent
morals as forming a part of a commercial in our profession would find cause to
suggestions where they are needed.
education was a new one to the head of differ, as some of our leading schools
The letter, or whatever it may be, is this institution —or rather, I should say,
marked plainly as to time of its re- have courses in ethics, and others
institutions. Then, aftera moment's pause, equally successful and esteemed have
ceipt, enabling the manager to de- he replied that that was an impossible
termine whether or not none.
it receives thing to teach, that it had to be born
prompt attention. It also shows, through generations of right living. Can Business Ethics be taught ? Is
Yet if this proprietor of business colleges it the province of the average business
not only to which otfice it is referred,
but also the name or number of the had taken a course in psychology at any of school, with its already overcrowded
student whose duty it is to attend to the leading universities, he would have curriculum, to add that of ethics?
learned that business morality is one of the Some say, yes others, no.
It does away, therefore, with the
;
it.
teachable things. If he had been a real Those who have such a course, or
excuse "I thought Mr. Jones was business man and had been at the head of
going to attend to it." If an order, establishments employing numerous who favor it, doubtless feel that the
or some similar regular communica- young men, he would have been aware criticism is too sweeping, while those
tion, the student gives it proper at- that of all things taught at business who believe that the matter of ethics
colleges it is the one thing above all upon is one which belongs to the public
tention, places his name upon it and
passes it along for record, etc. If a which most stress should be laid. An hour school and to the more tender, form-
a day would not be too much to give for ative years of bovhood and girlhood,
reply is needed, the letter remains
lectures on business morality and business and so argue or, as did the one who
unfiled until the reply has been ap- ethics, if necessary to produce the desired
;

proved by the manager. The in- Employing manv young men, and answered the queries, endeavor to
result.
coming letter being submitted to the having an opportunity to hear from others prove that morality is a matter of
manager with the answer. If in an experiments in breaking youth into
of their
Ijreeding and not of training.
should say that about nine It is unfortunate that the editor of
office where we use the vertical sys- business life, I
young men out of ten who fail are lacking the Cosmopolitan did not interview a
tem of filing, a carbon copy of the
repy is filed with the letter. Where in a high standard of business morality. Ferris or visit an Eagan institution
This business morality may come in a lack before he ventured so sweeping a
we use the flat file, we use the letter of persistence in doing work well; it may
press. Communications which have criticism. By so doing he would have
received attention are filed immedi- found that Ethics is not a foreign
ately. Those which for any reason which we do business. These en- subject to many in our profession,
are held over, are left in a basket, so velopes go to the school office, where and he would also have learned how
that the manager may see readily if they are weighed, the proper post- strenuously the hours and minutes
they are not receiving proper atten- age affixed, and mailed immediately. are occupied in mastering the subjects
tion. Mail should never be held over if it of accounting, shorthand, typewrit-
At the close of the day's work, all can possibly be avoided. ing, penmanship, plain English,
communications are delivered to the I have never been convinced that a practical mathematics, and spelling.
manager unsealed, for final examina- post office in school is desirable and Perhaps he would have been sur-
tion. After they have been examined, we do not affix mock postage stamps prised, also, to learn that Commer-
they are placed in large envelopes to our letters or attempt anything in cialLaw, Commercial Geography, and
properly directed to the schools with the post office line. Business Ethics were actually a part
26 f^^^UiUn^d^iS^f^iu^iiffr^ ^
of the daily program of many busi-
ness schools.
The appeal in this number by our
Associate Editor, for a portion of
each busv dav in business schools,
public as' well as private, to be de-
a f^istory of penmen, (Early
voted to devotional and other moral,
uplifting exercises indicates at least Business (Ebucation, anb
that there is a wholesome division of
opinion upon this subiect. And, after (Educators in Ctmerica.
all, may it not be probable that busi-
ness educators have gone to the other BY A. H. HINMAN, WORCESTER, MASS.
extreme of education to which too
many were subjected when boys, that
of cold, stiff-backed piety, the rem-
nants of that which farther back was
known as Puritan passion for piety. Henry Ul. Ellsworth. New York B. & S. College.
The old education, as is now well In 1861, believing that the then pre-
known and verv generally recognized, In preparing this history it the is vailing styles of writing with
was pious and intellectual at the ex- purpose of the writer to refer to the flourished, complex capitals, and the
pense of the moral, the physical, and men who have been specially promi- long loops of small writing, could be
the practical. Alav it not be that the nent in the educational work of busi- simplified and made more practical,
—
new education the practical and ness and penmanship and to show he decided to prepare a series of
commercial — is omitting something what have been their aims and ef- copybooks, selecting simpler capitals,
of the old that made for character
forts in working for themselves and and reducing the length of loops
building and uncompromising integ- humanitv. from four to five spaces in length to
rity ? Mav it not be that the success- One of the most earnest of the life thirds, and was the first to make
ful business school of the future will long writers in penmanship is Mr. this change which was later followed
find it necessarv to complete the Henrv W. Ellsworth of New York by other publishers. He published
youth's educatiori in moral integrity, City.' He was born 68 years ago on a the first text book on penmanship in
as it now finds it necessary to com- farm in Western New York where he 1862. In '63 he prepared and pub-
plete his education in spelling, math- worked and attended country dis- lished script lines in white on a black
ematics, English, and penmanship? trict schools till the age of 18 and back ground, which were the first
— Either that or the public school later continued his education in the published.
must do its work more thoroughly Academy at Fredonia, N. Y. He has In 1866 he published the first Jour-
than it has in the past or is doing it
ever been a student and a devoted nal devoted to penmanship, which he
at the present. writer for the improvement of meth- named " The Writing Teacher," and
The subject is a big, broad, impor- ods by which the youth of the land continued its publication until 1872.
tant one. Excellent men, convincing could' develop good penmanship. This paper was followed by the Pen-
arguments, and conscientious_ opin- During his early education he was man's Art Journal which was started
ions are to be found on both sides of obliged to copy the writing of the by A. H. Hinman in 1874 in Potts-
the question as to the wisdom and various teachers, who, before the time ville, Pa., and later transferred to Mr.
need of the subject of Ethics in the of copy books, set copies for their D. T. Ames of New York.
average business college curriculum. pupils, and as these teachers knew In 1867 Mr. Ellsworth developed
Whether it shall be taught by precept nothing of rules of writing their the copy book tracing method
or example, or by both is your ques- copies were unsystematic. with dotted lines for pupils to follow
tion to discuss and solve. Be brief At Fredonia 'Mr. Ellsworth came and which was later adopted by other
and to the point, and the space in under the tuition of a Spencerian publishers, who used faint red and
these columns is yours for an ex- teacher who taught the rules and blue lines. The curling of the leaves
pression of opinion. principles of writing which so fasci- of copy books suggested to Mr Ells-
nated Mr. Ellsworth that his writing worth the idea of using loose leaves.
Sadler Builds. improved rapidly and his interest He therefore cut off the binding and
grew so strong that he soon became perforated the edges of the leaves
Mr. W. H. Sadler, president and founder of alDle to take charge of penmanship which were bound with a loose string
Sadler's Bryant & Stratton Business Col- and bookkeeping in the Fredonia so that the leaves would bind flat,
lege. Baltimore, Md., which was destroyed Academy. also that the leaves might be
in the great fire, has bought buildings 803 About 1858 he became a teacher of removed for exhibition or p-reserva-
and SOri Hamilton Terrace, on which he will writing and accounts in the Lock- tion. This plan Mr. Ellsworth car-
erect the future home of the college. port, N.Y., public schools, and the ried into his bookkeeping publica-
The purchase price of the two properties next vear was engaged by Bryant & tions, and the idea has been later
was about $3(1,0(X). The site for the new col- developed into the loose leaf ledger
lege is 60 feet front, witli a depth of HO feet. vStratton to teach in the Detroit link
Architects are at work on the pl.ins for the of their chain of schools. The fol- and other publications now coming
l)uilding, which will be one of the finest of lowing year he was transferred to the into popular use.
its kind in the country. The college was As the crowning feature of Mr.
for 30 years established on North Charles Ellsworth's life work for the benefit
street, near Baltimore street, and the con- of business colleges, public schools,
struction f its new home is designed to
'
teachers and their pupils, he pub-
mark its fortieth anniversary. lished in 1897 his " Illustrated Les-
Mr. Sadler says he is convinced that the
proper place for a school in tiie Baltimore of sons and Lectures" which is the _

tlie future is where the surroundings are most exhaustie treatise on writing
quiet and easiest of access by street cars. known to the writer.
The college opened this fall with the largest Mr. Ellsworth has always placed
attendance in its history, and has been success and benefits for the masses
unable to supply the demand for the ser- before his own pecuniary gain, yet
vices of its students, showing that as a has continued to prosper even_ in
center of business education, Baltimore has competition with publishers having
lost nothing by the fire.
greater capital. He has raised a
family of eight children and has a
Best «f Its Class. prosperous business. His skill in
smoothness and accuracy of writing
Enclosed find $1.00 for The Business Ed- at the age of 68 years has the
ucator one year. I have examined all the fluency of penmen of thirty. He is
leading journals devoted to business educa-
tion, and find that yours is the best of its
a most companionable man and com-
class. W. S. Bkittov, mands the hi.gh esteem and warm re-
Elliott Com'l School. Clarksburg, W. \a. gard of all who know him.
 f^^^ud^i^d^^fUu^i/fr ^
eominereial Caw-Continued from Page 22.

Form of eollatcral note.

$500.00 Albany, l\ew York, Nov. 2, 1904

Ninety days after date, for value received, I promise to pay to

The Albany National Bank,

or order, FIVE ^1U^DRED ,';,"„ Dollars, and Interest, at the rate of 6 per centum per annum for such
further time as said principal sum or any part shall remain unpaid, having deposited herewith as Collateral

Security Five Shares of C. B. <$ Q. Ry. Preferred Stock. Certificate No. 7324,

ivith authority to sell the same, or any collaterals substituted for or added to the above, u'ithout notice, cither at

public or private sale or otheni'ise. at the option of the holder, or holders, on the non-performa?ice of this promise,

said holder or holders applying the net proceeds to the payment of this note and accounting to me for the surplus,

if anv : and it is hereby agreed that such surplus, or any excess of collaterals upon this note, shall be applicable

to anv other note or claim against me held by said holder or holders. Should the market value of any security

pledged for this loan, in the judgment of the holder or holders hereof, decline, I hereby agree to deposit o?i demand
(which may be made by a notice in writing sent by mail or otherwise to my residence or place of busijiess)

additional Collateral, so that the market value shall always be at least ten per cent, more than the amount of this

tiote : and failing to deposit such additional security, this note shall be deemed to be due and payable forthzvilh.

anything hereinbefore expressed to the contrary notwithstanding, and the holder or holders may immediately
reimburse themselves by the sale of the security as aforesaid : and it is hereby agreed that the holder or holders of

this note, or any person in his or their behalf, may purchase at any such sale.

E. G. ROSENFELT.

Form of Sudgment note iUitb Olaiver.

$100.00. Columbus, Ohio, Oct. 5, 1904

Six months after date I promise to pay to the order of M. W. WILLIAMS, ONE HUNDRED ;;,;,

Dollars, with interest, and without defalcation or stay of execution.

And / do hereby confess judgment for the above sum, with i?iterest and costs of suit, a release of all errors,

and waiver of all rights to inquisition and appeal, and to the benefit of all laws exempting real or personal

property from levy and sale.

(Signed)
G. A. DAI VS.
 f^^^udfned^^i/u^^ai^ ^
2 to 5 P. M. Unfinished business and Re-
Cbe ^tQ1^ eity. ports of Committees on general sub-
jects.

In October, he ature THURSD.W, DECEMBER 29, 1904.

I-

bloom, and stern winter was not yet In evi-

Typewriter 9 A. M. Special Session for the election of
dence, we visited the City of Iron — the officers.
-^S5 Field Notes. FRIDAY. DECEMBER 30. 1904.
wealth-creating city of Pittsburg, Pa. A-
the guest of Mr. Charles J. Smith, proprie- 9 to 12 A.M. Report of H. M. Rowe's Com-
tor of the famed Iron City College, we mittee on the American Commercial
were shown a right royal time, such as he Schools Institution.
Report of the Committee on Mrs. Sara
alone can show, and the city famous for
famous A. Spencer's paper read at the St.
its smoke, but we also found it
Louis meeting.
for its beauty. Its parks, located above Report of R. C. Spencer's Committee
the city, and its residence districts as on " Bill to go before Congress,"
well, we found to be most charming in- 2 to 5 P. M. Unfinishedbusiness and reports
deed. The views, from these elevations, of Committees on special subjects.
of the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers, The Monarch Tvpewriter works occupy a SATURDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1904.
the suburban towns of Homestead, splendid tive-storv building in Syracuse,
more than two hundred feet long and fifty 9 to 12 A.M. Unfinished business and re-
Bes-emer. and a dozen others, and of the feel wide. The whole tvpewriter world is ports of Committee on special sub-
industrial plants such ither looking for announcements from this new jects.
can sl.ow, were indeed interesti: com pan V. Like practically all of the newer COMMITTEES.
machines, the Monarch is a "visible"
j^pir ig- writer, and it is a beauty. 1. Constitution and By-laws: F. C. Clark,
The proper is undergoing
city ast Springfield, -Mo.. Chairman ; C. F. Sherman,
changes and being greatly improved. At the new factory of the L- C. Smith & Mt. Vernon, N. Y. W. H. Carrier, Anderson,
;

Bros. Typewriter Company in Syracuse the Ind.; W. D. Clark. Newport, Ky.

Sky scrapers are numerous, the Frick lir=t one thousand machines are being as-
2. Committee on Memoralizing the Feder-
building biing one of the finest office sembled. Parts for tlie next five thousand
ari,now being machined. It is e.xpected ation on time of holding meetings: Jerome
buildings in the world. Its interii r is
that the highly improved writing insight B. Howard. Cincinnati, Ohio. Chairman;
marble and mahogany, and its vault machine which the Smiths are making will John B. Gregg. Chicago, III.; C. E. Fulgum,
with safetj' deposit boxes is said to be bp iilaced upon the market within a few- Chicago, 111.; W. I. Staley, Salem, Oregon.
the finest in the world. Its watch-like, cir- weeks. 3. The Legislative Comniitte: F. B. Vir-
Their factory, which is a model plant in den, Chicago, 111., Chairman Court F. Wood,
cular doors with the machinery under
;

eviTv respect, is rapidly coming into com-

plete' werking order, and the first of the year
Washington, D. C; Chas. J. Smith, Pitts-
plate glass and in full view, each weigh-
ing thirteen tons, are revelations of deli- willundoubtedly see new machines coming burgh, Pa.
through at a very rapid rate. 4. The American Commercial bchools In-
cacy and strength combined. stitution:H. M. Rowe, Baltimore, Md.,
Visiting the Iron City College, we found The Syracuse newspapers announce the Chairman; and Associates to be selected
l)etween 500 and WX) intelligent students
donation of a three story mechanical labor- bv him.
atory building 200 feet long and 50 feet wide, Committee on suggestions contained
in attendance under the guidance of a to Syracuse Universitvbv Lyman C. Smith, 5.

corps of instructors whose efficiency is president of L. C. Smith & Bros. Typewriter in Mrs. Sara A. Spencer's paper presented
Company. at the St. Louis Meeting: Sara A. Spencer,
easily seen in the order and industry
The building be of model factory con-
is to Washington, D. C, Chairman; Jerome B.
every where evident. struction and will be operated in conjunc- Howard, Cincinnati, Ohio; N. P. Hetfley,
In the shorthand school located in the tion with the Lyman Cornelius Smith Col- Brooklyn, N. Y.; H. M. Rowe. Baltimore,
new, modern Bessemer Building, we found lege of Applied Science founded and
equipped by Mr. Smith about three years Md.; M. L. Miner. Brooklyn. N. 'i
the most costly office and other furniture ago. Work on the laboratory building is Bill to go before the National Congress:
li

already begun and the foundations will be R C. Spencer. Milwaukee. Wis..

Chairman;
we have ever had the pleasure of -inspect-
ing in a school. The office looks like a completed this fall. and Associates to be selected by him.
furnished reception room, and
The members of this firm of typewriter There will also be reports from twenty
richly manufacturers have befriended Syracuse other Committees on special subjects relat-
such in fact it is. Every thing is com- University in many wajs. A recent in-
stance was their donation of a four-oared ing to the Private Business Schools.
pact and made to fit. MRS. Spencer, Pres't.
racing shell to the University navy, which,
Industry was every where prevalent — by the wav, was established through their
idleness was not in sight. The click of efforts, in order to encourage the Syracuse
the seventy-five typewriters in a room by oarsmen to compete in the four-oared event
at the annual regatta on the Hudson, in
themselves was the only noise aside which Syracuse freshmen and Varsity
from dictation and recitations. Earnest- crews were both victorious last summer. Interesting
Sj'racuse has never been entered for four-
ness was the prevailing mood. oared events but will compete next year.
The Iron City is a good school — a fine News Items
school --and brother Smith may well be The Postal Tvpewriter people scored a
proud great hit recently by having an illustrated
of it.
write-up of their plant and product in The
National Magazinefor August. We venture
Announcement eoncerning the national to think thatour readers do not realize what Beautiful work from the Michigan En-
a large plant this comparatively new ma- graving Company lies on our desk. The
eommercial Ceacbers' Tederation. made coupled with
quality of the work, its great variety, and
chine is in. Its price,
its simplicity and utility, make it an at-
the exceptionally low price excite our in-
Chicago, Ili.., Oct. IS, 1904. tractive machine. terest, for the manager, Mr. W S. Stilwell, -

has superintended the engraving of some

The Executive Committee of the Na- The Smith-Premier people keep right on very particular work for us, and it was
sawing wood. President Woodruff sees to beautifuUv done besides, it is really a
tional Teachers' Federation wish to call that. It does not seem to bother him that
;

pleasure to do business with a man so

especial attention to the next meeting he was not made Republican nominee for cordial and fair as Mr. Stilwell re.
of the F'ederation, which will be held in governor of New York. As a former com-
mercial school graduate, he enjoys being " Success" recently paid Sherwin Cody
tlie Chicago Business College, 117 Wabash business Premier among the typewriter ar- $100 for a special article on Business Corres-
Ave Chicago, 111., December 2S, 29, and 30.
, istocracv quite as much as being the polit- pondence. Is not that a hint at least of
A and complete program of live ical premier of the New \ ork democracy.
full
which will be of interest to e%ery
what is in store for our readers, who are to
topics, have five special articles from his pen,
Business College, principal and teacher, beginning with the February number
.-

has been arranged. A number of the Program Gom=

for the Private Send in your subscription and invite your
most prominent Business College men as friends to do likewise, for we are con-
well as prominent business and profes- mercial School managers' tinuallv looking out for what is best for our
readers". No second-hand material is good
sional men. will take part in the program. Jlssociation. enough for the constituency of THE EduC-\-
Several matters of very important busi- TOR.
ness will come before the Federation, and
a large attendance is earnestly desired.
MONDAY, DBCEMBEK 26, 1904.
The Lima (Ohio) Business College has
Arrangements have been made in the 10 to 11 A. M. Reception and Enrollment of doubled its floor space. W. H. Pears has
"Palmer House" for special rates Koonis Members. charge of the shorthand department, with
President's Annual Address. E«tella Smith as assistant, and I. F. Clem
on the European plan can be had for 7.5 11 to12.
has control of the commercial department.
cents per day and up. Report of the Secretary-Treasurer.
A completed program, together with Report of Committee on Constitution "THE TRAVELER desires to be of servicea
detail information, will be given in the and Bylaws. to those teachers -who wish to take
next number. Report of Committee on Memorializing broader view of an important branch of a
F. B. ViRDEN, Federation as to time of holding noble profession. We shall be glad to place
Chairman Executive Committee. meeting. on our mailing list the names of teachers
 ^^i^^Uii/neiU^^^/iu^a/fr^ ^
who advise us that they wish to receive cabinets. Friend Dorney cannot abide quarters and they are now looking for
The Traveler regularly. The Com- musty, dusty, old ways of doing things. larger ones. We realize that it is unpleas-
mercial Text Book Company, Des Moines, ant to move, gentlemen, but under such
Iowa." Enough said, if you know anything E. H.Norman, of the Baltimore Business circumstances we believe vou will not
about the little visitor, or the royal fellows College, made the stroke of his life when, complain.
w-ho are behind the business. during the great fire, he had the business
foresight and presence of mind to close an W. C. Buckman, of the Victoria (Texas)
A. L. Gilbert, of Milwaukee, has recently alliance with the Baltimore Y. M. C. A. Commercial College, and J. A. Prowinsky, of
incorporated his school, for $10,(XK), with a You ought to see the handsome announce- the Williams Business College, Oshkosh,
fine set of men for directors. Mr. Gilbert ment that has just been issued by the Y. Wis., have just opened the Central Com-
is one of the commercial school men of M C. A., and the even more handsome mercial College, La Grange, Texas.
whom Milwaukee may well be proud. thingsthey say about Mr. Norman. Here is
another case where both parties are to be
A recent booklet, with a blazing Sioux heartily congratulated, for those who know E. A. Zeliadt, formerly of the Cream City
Indian on the handsome cover, reminds us Mr. Norman intimately need not be told Business College, Milwaukee, Wis, is now
that Brother G. A. Golder, of the State that he is an e.xample of the Southern connected with the Minnesota School of
gentlemaii at his best. Business, Minneapolis, Minn. Mr. Zeliadt
reports that they have one of the largest
May true success be his portion L.J. Egelston, Rutland, \'t., sendsout one and oldest institutions of the kind in that
section, and that they are meeting with
!

of the homeliest lin its true sense) andmost

Simmons College, the new school for effective little cards that has reached our much success.
women, opened with nearly 400
in Boston, desk. You ought to get one. It is what
students. This is where Miss Stella Smith, the farmers boys will vote " a corker," for L. B.Darling, formerly of the Elyria (O.)
the able conductor of our Typewriting Business College, intends opening Dar-
Department, is teaching. ling's PrivateBusiness College in the same
city on November 1st.
Goldey College, Wilmington, Del., opens
with a fifty per cent increase in attendance We have never received a letter written
this year, and it is not strange, when one is in amore practical business hand than the
told that the famous Du Pont Powder Scliool and one which recently came to hand from our
former pupil and friend, Mr E. R. Sebring.
Company of that city has 115 graduates of
that school as bookkeepers and stenogra- Wilkinsburg, Pa. Mr. Sebring i.a an expert
phers. If any other commercial school in Prolfessional accountant and withal swings a pen i>f
the land has an employment department practical proficiency rarelj' equaled in the
the manager of which can show such a
record as this, we should be delighted to
A business office and never excelled.
publish the good news. So far as our Mr. J. F. Fish of the Northwestern Busi-
knowledge goes at this date, R. J. Maclean dorinii>.l;iv ev.-iiint;, September 8th,
ness College, Chicago, reports the largest
takes the blue ribbon. si.xty i-iuht vontiK pc. .]ilf ^riiduated at Pat-
attendance in the history of the school. He
rick's Busine.as College, York, Pa. Com- says all are working hard, and as a natural
L. C. Horton of the Horton Business In mencement exercises were held in the Higli consequence, are doing well. Prosperity
stitute, Trenton, N. J., has got out a prac- School building, and Mr. W, H. Sadler, the with Mr. Fish means prosperity for others,
tical Spelling Blank, which ought to find a well known business educa-tor and pub- as evidenced bv the good-sized bunch of
good sale everywhere. lisher of Baltimore, Md., was one of the Business Educators which he has
principal speakers. ordered in his own name to be distriliuted
The new Fresno (Calif.) Branch of Ches- to his students each month during the
nutwood's Business College, Santa Cruz, The Marion, O., Business College is now coming year.
is opening well, with H. K. Watson in owned and managed by Mr. E. D. Crim.of
charge. Cadiz, O. This school was purchased some
four years ago bj' Miss N. J. Lammers, and
What did vou think of our October num- through her persistent and untiring zeal
ber? Wasn't it a hummer? Did vou ever the institution was built up and placed upon
see a number of
journal that gave
any other penmanship
more to a student for the
a good foundation, credit for which is due
to Miss Lammers, who retired from her
The Maroli of
low price we ask ?Clubs are thumping our active work because of failing health. We
mail box with music like the "long roll" wish Miss Lammers, renewed heal.th, and the Pedagogues.
that used to call to battle. We enjoy it. the institution continued and increased
Yes, really Give us plenty of it it stimu-
!
prosperity.
;

lates us to greater efforts for vou and your

students. From the Eclectic Business College Jour
nal, Albany, Ore., we learn that Mr. L. W. K. oderkirk, of Albion, Mich., goes to
W.N. Ferris ought to be pretty well ac- Karlen, Vilas, S. Dak, is the penman in Windom Institute, Montevideo, Minn., this
quainted with Michigan by this time. He that institution. Mr. Karlen isa young year to handle the commercial work there
is one of those glorious descendants of the man of unusual ability in penmanship W. J. Cable is the principal of the new
;

Revolutionary fathers who do not know lines, and we hereby congratulate the good Dunkirk (N. Y.) School of Business, and
when they are licked. Michigan is hope- people of Albany for having in their midst
lessly Republican, but Brother Ferris lopes such ability. Geo. W. O'Brien, of Syracuse, will handle
to the firing line as cheerfully as though the commercial work, while Miss Kathleen
he carried the Flag of the Sun instead of 2, opened in Newark, C,
Bliss College No. R. Wheeler, formerly of ()ttawa, Canada,
the colorsof the Bear Democratic nominee
; September l'2th with an enrollment of sixty will have the shorthand department ;

for Congress in' 92, for State .Superintendent in day and night school. The college in Carl Hughes, Ocean Grove, N. J., takes
of Public Instruction in '02, and for Gover- this city opened September 6th with an charge of the commercial department of
nor this vear, it is plain that our eloquent increased enrollment of 40 per cent over any the Kearny (N. J.) High School; V. E.
friend and co-laborer is dear to the hearts of previous year. This increased attendance
alargeconstituency. Meanwhile wecannot isthe result of a well known quality. Bliss Neilson, Denmark, Kan., returns to the
"conceive of a more valuable method of ad- hustle. Long Beach (Calif.) Business College; Miss
vertising the Ferris Institute, and the Caroline T. Wilbur, Hopkinton, Mass., goes
Hammond Publishing Company, of which Mr. E. E. Admire of Detroit, and S. McFad- to the High School, Meriden. Conn., for
he is a valued stockholder. Here's to his den of Bliss College, Columbus, O., organ- comtnercial work; W. H. Whigam. for
health and his family's; may he live long ized and opened the Metropolitan Business
and prosper. years in the Metropolitan Business College,
College, located in the fine "New United Chicago, is the latest "big'' accession to
Bank Building" on the West Side, Cleve- the ranks of the public school workers. He
L. C. McCann, of Mahanov City, Pa., is land, o Their opening attendance this fall
sending out a fine penmanship circular to was upwards of a hundred, which speaks has bookkeeping, history, and economics
his constituents. Beautiful penmanship is well for the new institution. in the Crane Manual Training High School,
far from being dead, and Brother McCann Chicago; Miss Esther Dacey, Lexington,
is one of the liveliest men who handles the Mass.. will have the commercial sul.»jects
quill with skill. Mr. M. C. Fisher of the Fisher Winter Hill
Business College, .Somerville, Mass.. reports in the Ipswich (Mass.i High School this
a large opening as concerns the attendance year; Dr. Edmund J. James, recently
J. P. Wilson goes the limit
aggressivein President of Northwestern University,
advertising in a recent number of the of their school this fall.
Seattle Post-Intelligencer, taking a full Evanston, 111., has gone to a more lucrative
page. The people who did not read that ad A. G. Sine, of the Mountain State Busi- position at the head of Illinois University,
must have been in a tremendous hurry, or ness College, Parkersburg, W. Va., has sold which this fall had an entering class of
blind to the enterprise of a very wide-awake his Cumberland (Marvland) liranch-school 1,000. Doctor James' many friends among
school manager. Bv the wav. the half- to Messrs. J. W. Smith an<l B. F. Shaffer, commercial teachers will wish this eminent
tone cut that adorned the page reminded former teachers of his The new proprie- pioneer in commercial work for high
us very strongly of some of the polished tors will operate the school, which is in a
lords of Wall Street. Brother Wilson is highly prosperous condition, under the schools and colleges all possible success in
fond of usini; the phrase "the wild and name of 'The Tri-State Business College." his new field; F. Edwin Walter, a graduate
woolly West." We now have our innocent This change in the ownership of the Cum- of the Dorchester (Mass.) High School,
eyes opened. He was giving us badinage berland school will enable Mr. Sine to de- under W. L. Anderson, has been chosen to
all the while. Well, here's good luck to vote his whole time and attention to the handle the commercial subjects in the East
him, anyhow, " for he's a jolly good fellow." further upbuilding of his splendid school Providence (R. I) High School, a compli-
located in Parkersburg.
O. C. Dorney, of the American Business ment to Mr. Walter, who is not nineteen
College, AUentown, Pa., is setting a rapid years old, and to his well-known instruc-
The Holyoke (Mass.) Business Institute tor; Miiis Mae Comfort, Rochester. N. Y..
pace for the people thereabouts in the opened school with an attendance far be-
matter of creating a real ofiBce atmosphere yond the expectations of the proprietors, goes to Cook Academy, Montour Falls, N. Y.,
in his schoolroom. He has just installed Messrs. Tjarnell and Foots. Their attend- for commercial work; I. G. Murray is one
a most comprehensive system of filing ance is crowding them out of their present of the recent additions to the staff of the
 f^^3Bu^'n^dy^dfu^a/fr ^
Hazleton (Pa) Business College; F. J. Cox, Williams, Appleton, Wis.; J. W. Walton, M, S, Cole, formerly of the Bowling Green
formerlyof Covington, Tenn., is now located (Ky,) Business College, has accepted the
recently of the Eastern Shore Business Principalship of the Shorthand and Touch
College, Salisbury, Md.. has taken a posi- with Prof. M. H. Lockj-ear, Lockvear's Busi Typewriting Departments of the Marion
tion with the R-M. and S. Schools, Trenton, ness College, Evansville, Ind.; J. H. Blank- (Ind.) Normal College and Business Uni-
N. J., while Nr. M. T. Skinner, the owner of enship. of Lafayette, Tenn., has been em- versity.
the Salisbury school, has closed it and has ployed bv the ivy Business College, Den-
ton, Tex.; Miss Nellie G. Davis, formerly of
Mr. Francis B. Courtney, of the LaCrosse
accepted a position in Jersey City, N. J.; (Wis.) Business University, was recently
Claude Monroe. Kacine, Wis., will help Sebree, Kv., has recently been elected prin- employed to give expert testimony upon
handle the young people who enroll in the cipal of the commercial department of the handwriting in the courts of Grundy county,
new Chariton Iowa Business College,
i I
Agricultural School at Jackson, Ala.; Mr. Iowa,
recently opened by J. W. O'Bryan, of Edwin Leibfreed, of Philadelphia, has been Enclosed find $1 for which please renew
Ottuniwa, Iowa, as a branch of his Ot- appointed instructor in the commercial my subscription for another year to the
tuniwa school; P. E. Cooper. Auburn, Ky., branches in the Muskegon, Mich., High Teachers' Professional Edition of The Bus-
and Harry Boland, Atlanta. Ga., are new School: M, S, Cole, formerly with the Bowl I.N'ESS Educ.\TOR — the educational journal
teachers in the branch of the Rochester ing Green, Ky., Business College, is now- of journals.
Pa.) Business College, recently opened at Principal of the Shorthand Department of The departmentfeature of your journal
I

the Marion, Ind., Normal and Business

isalone worth many times the subscription
Auibridge. Pa., by J. H. DePue Wai. ;
price. As a journal devoted to penmanship
Chambers, for eight years at the head of University. and education. I think it has no equal.
advanced bookkeeping department of the W. C. WOLLASTON, LaCrosse, Wis., with
Detroit Business University, has taken Wisconsin Business LTniversity,
charge of the initiatory work in the Troy The S, S Packard Publishing Company,
iN. Y.I Business College, at a good salary; New York City, reports an unusually large
Charles J. Gruenbaum. Marysville, Ohio, a
Valparaiso (Ind.) graduate, goes to the
News Notes sale of their book on English, an advertise-
ment which appeared first in the Sep-
of
Lima (Ohio) Business College; J. E. and Notices. tember Business Educator. Before the
Leamy, the talented Zanerian who went month was half over they had received
orders from many quarters, even from Scot-
from troy, N. Y.. to Burdett College, Lynn, land, as a result of such advertisement.
Mass., was recently elected supervisor of The commercial text book business is as-
penmanship in the Nahant (Mass,) schools. suming large proportiotis. and English for
Nahant is a famous little place of rare G, T. Wiswell has returned tu the Weat- commercial purposes is receiving the atten-
scenic attractiveness, lying on a promon- brook Commercial Academy, Oleau, N. Y., tion now it has long since deserved, as
tory projecting into Massachusetts Bay at
having been connected with this same evidenced \>y the demand for the book in
institution three years ago. question.
Lynn. It is the home of Senator Lodge and
many other wealthy and aristocratic sons Miss Florence Bacchus. London, Ontario, Mr. W. N. Philips has engaged with the
of The Old Commonwealth. Mr. Leamy is a new teacher of shorthand in the Rut- high school of Tacoma, Washington, where
gives one-half day each week to this side- land, Vt.. Business College. he will have charge of the Shorthand and
T>-pewriting departments, using Barnes'
line; R. W. Nickerson. of Woodstock. Ont., The growth and popularity of the Isaac Shorthand for High Schools.
goes to Lawrence University, Appleton, Pitman shorthand since the issue of the
Wis., as an assistant to W, W. Williams, the Twentieth Century Revision is evidenced Typewriting is introduced this year into
Director of the Department of Commerce; by the large numlier of prominent schools the St. Louis High Schools, shorthand hav-
W, A. Arnold has resigned his position in now teaching this method. It is interest- ing been taught several years, Barnes'
Temple College, Philadelphia, to accept an ing to note that beginning with January Complete Typewriting Instructor has been
1st, 1905, the New York Board of Education adopted as the text-book.
excellent place with his former superinten- have exclusively re-adopted for the Day
dent, Mr. A. H. Bigelow, Lead, S. D,, as and Evening High Schools of Greater New The partnershipexistingbetween Harmon
principal commercial teacher in the Lead York the Isaac Pitman "Shorthand In- & Ellsworth has been dissolved, Mr. E. F.
High School; Mrs. I. S. Skinner, for two structor," for a period of five years. Another Whitmore, of Easton, Pa., having secured
work published bv Isaac Pitman & Sons of Mr. Harmon's interest. The firm reports a
years in charge of tlie commercial work of
31 Union Square, New York, which is receiv- very prosperous business.
the North Easton (Mass.) High School, has ing considerable attention at the present
been elected to a position in tire Boston time, and w^hich has also been adopted by Mr. A. J. Stevenson, formerly of Home
Schools; C. D. Ferrara goes to the Hansen the Board of Education for five years, is City, Ohio, has opened a studio for engross-
Military Academy. Fulton, 111., where the Charles E, Smith's "PRACTICAL COURSE ing, engraving and printing in the Grand
Associate Editor took his initiatory degree IN Touch TypEWRixiNt;." Opera House Building, Cincinnati, O. Mr.
Stevenson does very creditable work, and
in commercial teaching. When we think
Paul G. Duncan, a graduate of the Gem impresses us by his dealings as being thor-
of that experience, we are reminded of the City Business College, ha« been employed oughl3' reliable.
quotation, "Sweet are the uses of adver as Principal of the Commercial Department
sity." If St, Peter can overlook the ped- of the Rushville (111.) Normal and Business
agogical sins of that year, we feel hopeful College.
of being passed through the Gate; J. B, W. C. Stevenson, formerly with the Jacob
Knudson, of Burdett College, Boston, will Tome Institute, Port Deposit, Md., is now
handle the shorthand work in the Boston Dean of the School of Commerce and Fi- Catalogs
Y, M. C. A. evening classes; Mr. Arthur N. nance of the James Milliken University,
Allen, of Rochester. Ky., has accepted a Decatur,
his new
III. Mr. Stevenson reports that
position is very satisfactory in
and Circulars
position as Principal of the Shorthand
every way.
Department of the Hastings Business
College, Hastings, Neb.; Miss Hester V. Mr. N. G. Marshall, who has for some
Bader, of Blencoe, la., has been employed years been principal of the commercial The Berlin, Ont., Business College, issues
as teacher of Shorthand in the State Busi-
department in the High School at Canton, an excellent prospectusof twenty-four pages
O.. is now instructor in the commercial
ness College, Minneapolis, Minn.; M, H, in the interests of that meritorious in-
department of the Pittsburg Central High stitution. The cover is brown with bronzed
Bowen, of Bristol, Tenn., succeeded E. R. School. Mr. Marshall is a competent, gen- title and sepia-brown half-tone illustration
Zimmerman as Principal of Macfeat's Busi- ial man, and we l>espeak success for him in
of the building mounted in the center, pre-
ness College, Columbus, S. C; S. G. Broad- his new field of labor, and congratulate the senting a very pleasing and harmonious
w-ater, formerly of Warrensburg, Mo., is good people of Pittsburg for having secured effect.
his services.
now located with the McDonald Educa- The Beaver Co. Commercial College,
tional Institute, Cincinnati, O.; D. C. J. E. Plunimer, formerly of the Mountain Beaver, Pa., W. P. Pollock, Principal, is
Deming, of New Kirk, Okla., is with Hoff- State Business College, Parkersburg, W, issuing a very good catalog of thirty-six
man's Business College, Chicago; E. C. Va., is now connected with the Marshall pages.
Hardin, of Melder, La., resigned his position Business College, Huntington, W. Ya. Mr.
as Principal of the business college of that Plummeris a staunch friend and supporter The Bliss College of this city puts out
of The BUS1NES.S Educator, and recently advertising literature, which, for attract-
place to accept a position with the New favored us with a good list of subscriptions. iveness and originality, is unexcelled, the
Albany Business College, New Albany, latest evidence of which is a four page
Ind.;R. H. Hankins, formerly of King's Mr. R. N. Marrs, (ormerlv of the South- circular recently handed us.
Business College, Raleigh, N. C, is now at west, but now of New Y'ork City, continues
the head of the Shorthand Department of his crusade against poor writing by organ- The catalog of the National Business
izing classes among public school pupils in College and School of Correspondence,
Janson's Business College, Fresno, Cal.; and about New York City. He recently Quincy, 111., J. R. Hutchison, General
E. G. Jones, of Covington, Ky., Webb organized a class of 2il at Perth Amboy. N. Manager, is before us. It contains forty
Moulder, of Smith Grove, Ky., C. E. J. This is not an unusual size, but about pages, which are well filled by halftone
the average. When it comes to organizing illustrations of the rooms, students,
Stretcher, of EUwood, Ind., Thomas signatures, etc. It is covered with seal-
Mackil of Big Rapids, Mich., L. K. Milburn of classes on a large and successful scale. Mr.
Marrs takes the lead. brown, flexible paper and printed on first-
Whitesville, Ky., are with Douglas's Busi- class plate paper. It conveys the impression
ness Colleges, McKeesport, Pa.; M. M. We learn that the Western School of Com- of a good big school.
Murphey, of Peru, Neb., has accepted a posi- merce, Stockton, Calif., is having unusual
tion with the Butte Business College, Butte, success this year, their attendance being 50 The State Business College, Minneapolis,
per cent greater than it was last year at this Minn., G. A. (iolder. President, greets us
Mont.; J. E. Porter, formerly of Dallas, Tex,, with a red-backed, gold-embossed catalog
time. E. H. McGowan. a former Zanerian
has charge of the Comrnerciiil Department student, has charge of the penmanship, of twenty-four pages, containing an ex-
in the Beauvoir College, Wilmar, Ark,; R. L. W. Peart, formerly of the Stockton (Cal.) cellent faculty list, G. A. Golder being
W, Nickerson, of Woodstock, Ont., Canada, Business College, has recently been added President, C. S. Atkinson, Vice President,
has accepted a position with Prof. W. W. to the faculty. and M. A. Albin, Secretary, D. S. Hill is
 f^^^uJ/jm^^^f/u^^'^?^ ^
Principal of the Commercial Department Mr. G. A. Golder, President of the State The Schuylkill Seminary, Reading, Pa.,
and Instructor of Penmanship. The catalog Business College, Minneapolis, is sending issues a forty-eight page catalog of that in-
is attractive and to-the-point. out a very pretty, gold-embossed, cream- stitution, in which we find information re-
covered circular containing extracts from lative to the commercial department of
The Curtiss Business College, Minne- an address entitled "The Stenographer in which W. P.Steinhaeuser is Principal.
apolis, Minn., J L. Hodgmire, President, Demand."
and Geo. H. Zinnel, Secretary, issues a A unique catalog printed in three colors,
" rattling" good catalog printed on the best " Yocum's Business College Reporter," black, redand green, is received from the
of plate paper in double-tone, sepia-brown catalog edition, issued by the Yocum's Garden City Commercial College, Missouli,
ink with excellent vignette, halftone Practical Business Schools, located at Mont., E. C. Reitz, Principal. The catalog
illustrations of the school rooms. The text Massillon,Wooster,Uhrichsville, Mansfield, contains seventy-two pages of high grade
is straight forward and sincere, giving one Findlay, Coshocton and New Philadelphia, book paper with numerous illustrations
the impression of an excellent school. is one of the' best things we have seen in therein. In it we see excellent illustrations
that line. It is thoroughly original in its of a fine, new, residence-like bui'ding for the
The new Albamy, Ind., Business College, make up, well printed, pro fusi'ly illustrated, school. Mr. Reitz is not very large I'liysic-
I. G. Strunk, President, issues a school compactly arranged ami artistically ally, but he is a big man in energy, having
journal which compares favorably with the covered. It bespeaks a line of practical overcome unusual obstacles in the evol-
better sort received at this office. schools. ution of his school.
" The Southern Educator " is the title of a Cornwall, Ont., Commercial College, Geo. Wilson's big, modern Business College,
very large, sixteen-page college journal, F. Smith, Principal, issues a maroon cov- Seattle, occupies an entire page in the
issued by and in the interests of the South- ered, sixty-eight page catalog fully up to the Seattle Sunday Times of August '.'Ist, I'JOI.
ern Normal School and Bowling Green average received at this office. Cornwall is This paper contained forty-eight pages,
Business University, Bowling Green, Kv., to be congratulated for having in its midst finely illustrated and compared in every
H. H. Cherry, President. The illustrations, such an excellent school. way with the better class of journals in the
because of their nature and size, are un- East.
usualU' effective, and they indicate that The Goodvear-Marshall Publishing Co..
this educational institution is assuming Cedar Rapids, la., is publishing a descripti^ e The British American Business College,
unusual preparations, and attaining a wide catalog, and price list of their commercial Toronto, Ont., Wm. Brooks. Principal,
influence in the South. series. It is more than ordinarily attractive issues a nicely covered, well-printed catalog
and interesting. It is covered in bright red of thirty-two pages, advertising that
The Huntsinger. Business School, Hart- and profusely illustrated with large, half- popular, practical school.
ford, Conn., issues a green-covered, red and tone views of its publications, offices, stock
black embossed catalog, printed in black and shipping rooms, printing department, The Cedar Valley Seminary, Osage, la.,
and green, containing thirty-six pages of etc. After looking through this catalog issues a neat circular advertising the
plate paper, with unique and varied half- one's idea enlarges as to the \-(^lunie of busi- commercial department, J. H. Davis,
tone illustrations depicting most graphic- ness done bv this progressive publishing Principal.
ally the methods and nature of instruction company. We found it unusually in-
given in that well-known, high-grade school. teresting. Brown's Galesburg, 111., Business College
journal is an eight page, well-illustrated and
The Wheeling, W. Va., and Bellaire, O., Beautifully titled, "The Hook-keeper' printed school paper.
Business Colleges issue a twenty-eight Stenographer and Telegrapher," Volume 1.
page, gray-backed catalog of good quality No. 1, 1904, published by the Framingliam One of the very finest and most original
in the interests of those institutions. Business College, reached our table re- catalogs in point of paper, printing and
cently, and we found it quite interesting. illustrations is from the Central Business
The Northwestern Business College, College, I'enver, Colo. The printingin this
Spokane, Wash., issues a green-backed The Miami Commercial College, Davton, catalog is superb and the decorative back-
catalog of forty-eight i)ages in the center of O., A. D. Wilt, Principal, issues one of the grounds to the portraits and other half-
which is a beautiful, double-page, half-tone best catalogs we have seen this season. It tones are among the finest we have ever
illustration of the falls or rapids in that is tastilv gotten up upon deckel edge, rag- seen. Brother Arnold nuist be having
city. In it we also see the familiar face of like paper with headings and initials in red. substantial prosperity to aflord such a
Mr. E. A. Cast, the well known penman and It is needless to say that the literary part beautiful catalog.
business educator. of this catalog is well done and that it rep-
resents a school recognized for its The Cambria Business College, Johns-
Covered in white, with title in gold and thoroughness and long standing, having town, Pa W. J. McCarty, President, is
,

yellow, the Blair Business College, Spokane, been established in 1^60. sending out a creditable, thirty-two page,
Wash., presents a clean, dainty appearance. green-covered catalog advertising that
In it we recognize the work and countenance Barnes Commercial School, Denver, Colo., institution.
of our friend and former pupil, E. F. E. C. Barnes, President, issues a catalog
Timberman. covered in brown antl printed on vellow and The Campbell College, Holton, Kans., is
white paper, which is thoroughly modern sending out a special Bulletin of twenty-
The Y. N. C. A., Detroit, Mich., is sending in make up. The quality of the paper is eight pages advertising the commercial and
out a neat, well illustrated announcement good and the tone of the text is high -fit shorthand departments of that institution.
of twenty-eight pages. We notice that Mr. expressions of a high-grade school, which
H. B. Sm'ellie has charge of the Book-keeping it is. The Mountain State Business College,
work and Mr. T. K. McGavin has charge of Parkersburg, W. Va., is greeting its patrons
the Shorthand and Typewriting. The Michigan Business College. Detroit, with a fiery red-back catalog of seventy-
Mich.. Tames C. Walker, President. Win- two pages. The catalog like the school is
The Taylor School of Business and fleld S. bsborn. Vice President, and Geo. B. big and substantial, and gives one the im-
Shorthand, Philadelphia, issues a yellow, Withee, Secretary, favored us with its new pression of the thorough and the practical.
crepe-like covered catalog with headings catalog, printed on green paper and covered
printed in orange, in the interests of that in a mottled green, vellum-like paper. The In the catalog of the .South Jersey In-
growing school. greenness of the paper is the only thing stitute, Bridgeton, New
Jersey, considerable
that is green al)Out the school, being a first- space is given to the announcement of the
The Wisconsin Business University class institution in every particular. commercial department of that well es-
Manitowoc, Wis., favored us with a neat tablished institution, Mr. Hastings Hawkes,
and unique folder advertising that institu- The Columbus Business College, Colum- Principal. A business course is now the
tion. bus, O., J. E. Joiner, Principal, is issuing a rule rather than the exception in all ed-
creditable school paper of four pages. ucational institutious.
TheRasmusseu Practical Business School,
St. Paul, Minn., presents its claim to the The Lansing, Mich., Business Universitv The Bingham School, Mebane, N. C, is
public in a twenty-page, brown-covered Journal, H. j. Beck and C. A. Wessel, sending out a neat, little circular of sixteen
catalog. Editors, is an interesting four page paper, pages.
containing the likenesses and signatures of
The Kenosha, Wis., College of Commerce, these well and widely known educators. "You Can Not, You Must Not" are the
O. L. Trenary, Principal, publishes a fifty- catchy titles of a pink-colored folder re-
two page, yellow-backed, cream-
letter-size, The Parsons, Kank., Business College cently received from the National Business
papered catalog, containing a great variety Journal is before us, and it indicates that Training School, Sioux City, la.. W. A.
of attractive illustrations. In it we see a its President, James C. Olson, is conducting Barrett, President, and H. E. Reister,
half-tone illustration of a handsome new a wide-awake, progressive institution in Secretary.
building occupied by that institution. Ihe that land of progress and plenty.
catalog is above the average received at The Southern California Business College,
this oifice. The National Business College, Roanoke, Los Angeles, Calif., Lackey, Hood and
Va., E. M. Coulter, Presidetit, is sending Hollmann, Proprietors, is sending out a
"The Speed-Giving Qualities of Gregg out an attractive sixteen page circular with creditable eight page college journal.
Shorthand," published by the Gregg a graceful artistic title on the Dennis or-
Publishing Co., Chicago, 111., is the title of a der advertising that institution. An attractive, well printed and illustrated
twenty-four page booklet, devoted strictlv folder is at hand from the Illinois Business
to the subject implied in the title. Of course, The American Business College. Minne- College, Springfield, 111. J. T. Stockton is
you want to see it.
will apolis, Minn., greets its partons with a the skillful penman of the institution.
A word or two about " Words " is the title twenty page catalog covered in gray with
of a neat, little, eight-page circular, issued oblong opening in front cover through "Ne.xt," with a picture of an old-time
by the same company. which is shown the American flag in colors, spelling class, i? the suggestive title of a
making it suggestive, as well as attractive. sixteen page circular advertising the well
Trainers' Private School, Perth Ambov, J. J. Hagen and J. L. Hallstrom are two well-
known " Spelling and Letter Writing" text
N. J., is issuing a four-page, to-the-point, known penmen connected with this school. book, published bv the Practical Text Book
circular advertising that institution. Co., Cleveland, ()., the script models of
T. M. Williams of the Actual Business which are from the skillful, graceful,
Barton Mallory of the Indiana Business College. Allegheny, Pa., is sending out an practical pen of Mr. C. E. Doner, whose
College, Elkhart, Ind., sends some work in intensely yellow, four page circular. lessons are now running in THE BUSINESS
the way of exercises in business writing, Educator. This circular has some special
which discloses excellent ability. His work The Hamniel Business College, Akron, and spicy reading in it, which you should
upon the small letters is excellent. He has Youngstown, and Lorain, O., is issuing an have if you are interested in the subjects of
it in him to make an expert penmen. attractive four page circular. spelling and letter writing.

{
 f^^^Ui^/i^ii^^^/iu^i/!^ ^

This represents the work of a master penman who lived and " tloiirislied " two liundred years ago. How times have changed. Style
has made this work obsolete, but withal there is an old time excellence about it that still charms the lover of the graceful. It is well for
us to stop now and then to compare the work of the masters of those days with the best efforts of those now living. Skill, as is shown, is
no new fad, but an old, old fascinating accomplishment which no one can inherit but which each must acquire. Will the work of the
present day masters seem as ancient to the scribes of two hundred years hence as this seems to us? Will we seem such back numbers
then as the author of the above seems to us ? Doubtless greater changes shall tike place in the future than have taken place in the past,
arid no one can now forsee how we shall seem then. The active forces which make for progress and which have ever been in existence
will still move on, making us and our present work, the l>est though it may now be, appear antiquated. Why not give your pupils a glance
at the work of the past by putting it on the board and by giving them a little history in connection with it. Interest will be created and
enthusiasm aroused. In this way we can get a lesson from the past and inspiration for the future.
 f^^^u^//i^d^(^(/iu^a/fr* ^ 33

The supply does not equal the demand.

Pluck up courage ye unfortunate ones — ye
doubters — ye "I Can't " people! Begin the
fight by abolishing Fear from your minds.
Then start to climb the ladder of Attain-
3II?e Success (£irclc. ment, shouting "I CAN AND I WILL"
with all your might, drowning out the
G Department of Encouragement, 3n^ sound of the " buts," " ifs," " supposings,"
"you can'ts" and "aren't you af raids " of
spiration, procuress, £>ealtb, .€tc. your wet-blanket friends at the foot of the
ladder. Do not bother about the upper
Conducted by L. M. THORNBURG, Paterson, N. J., rounds of the ladder; you will reach them
Commercial Hi^^h School. in time, but give your whole attention to
the round just ahead of 3'ou, and when you
have gained a firm footing on that, then
look to the next one. One round at a time,
feeling carried us over rough places safely, remember, and give jour whole attention
Cbc Keynote*
and we got to simply know that w^e would to each step. Climb with Desire, Confi-
"get there" in theend. dence and Faith inspiring each step, and
*' I Can and Will!!!" Have you ever
I
Talk with any successful man, and, if the task will soon become a pleasure. You
said these words to yourself with a firm con- truthful, he will admit having felt, from the
will be conscious*of some mighty force
viction that you were speaking the truth — time of his first success, that he had some attracting you upward and onward as you
with the strong feeling that needed no other progress. And don't try to pull some other
sort of "pull" with Fate, some "lucky
proof? If so, you then felt within you a fellow off the ladder — there's room enough
star." some special Providence operating in
tlirill w^hich seemed to cause every atom of for both of you — be kind, be kind.
his behalf. He grew to expect results, to
your being to vibrate in harmony with some haveconfidence in things turning out right, If you fail to feel the " I Can and I Will
note in the grand scale of Life, sounded by to have faith in something of which he vibrations within you, start in today, and
the Real Self. You caught a momentary saj- "I Can and I Will "-THINK "I Can
knew not the nature, and he was not disap-
glimpse of the Inner Light — heard a stray pointed. Things seemed to work in his
and I Will"— ^CT" I Can and I Will," and
note of the Song of the Soul— were con-, favor — not always just in the way he ex- get the vibrations started in motion. Re-
scious for the moment of YOURSELF. And member that as one note of the violin, if
pected, sometimes in an entirely different
in that moment of ecstasj' you knew that constantly sounded, will cause the mighty
way — matters seemed somehow to straight-
untold powers and possibilities were yours. en themselves out in the end, so long as he bridge to vibrate in unison, so will one pos-
You felt that you were in touch with all kept his " nerve." He did not know the itive thought, held constantly, manifest it-
Strength, Power, Knowledge. Happiness, source of his strength, but he believed in it self both in yourself, others and things.
and Peace. You felt that you were equal to and trusted it just the same. So begin to sound the note today — this very
any task, capable of executing any under- momerit. Sound it constantly. Send forth
taking. For the moment there was no fear Let us wake up and recognize this Some- a clear, glad, joyous note, a note of Faith, a
in the world for you. All the universe thing Within. Let us begin to understand note of coming victory. Sound it over and
seemed to vibrate in the same key with your this "I Can and I Will" feeling. Let us
over again, and soon j'ou will become con-
cherishit if we have it, and cultivate it if
thought. For the moment you recognized scious that the vibrations have commenced,
the Truth.' we have it not. Do you know that we are and that the mighty structure of your being
But alas, the spirit of doubt, distrust, fear young giants who have not discovered our is quivering and vibrating to the keynote:
and unfaith called you again to earth — and own strength? Are you not aware that "I CAN AND I WILL."
the vision faded. And yet, the remem- there are powers latent within us, pressing ["Keynote" is one of a series of popular
forth for development and unfoldment? Do essays from Nuggets of New Thought, writ-
brance of the sight, the echo of the sound,
the remnant of the new-found strength, is you not know that earnest desire, faith and ten by Mr. W. W. Atkinson, editor of the
with you still. You find that memory to be calm demand will bring to us that which New Thought Magazine, New York City, and
a stimulus to great etforts, a comforting
we require — will place at our hand thetools is recommended especially to those who
with which we are to work out our destiny fail to accomplish things frani the lack of a
thought in times of weakness and trial. " do
You have been able to accomplish much by — will guide us in the proper use of the tools it" habit.]

the aid of the lingering vibrations of the

— will make us grow? Do you not know
mighty thought. that Desire, Faith and Work is the triple
key to the door of Attainment? There are Cime.
Many of us have made use of this inner
possibilities before us, awaiting ourcoming,
strength without realizing it. One day we Were give to you to-day.
I to
were sorely distressed and made the de- of which we have never dreamed. Let us
assert ourselves — take up the key, unlock
A lesson that would last for aye,
mand, and lo! it was answered. We knew And serve in every age and clime,
not from whence came this new-found the doors, and enter our kingdom.
It would be this: Improve your time.
strength, but we were conscious of the up- To accomplish, we must be possessed of
lift, and felt more confidence in ourselves. earnest desire, must be as confident of ulti- Your days at school that seem to go
The next time we confidentlj' demanded mate success as we are of the rising of to- With ladened wings so dull and slow,
the aid, and again we were answered. We morrow's sun— we must have Faith. We Swift as a meteor, alas!
acquired that which we call confidence and will find that Desire, Confidence, Faith and With all their freight of prospects pass.
faith in ourselves, and were carried over Work will not only brush aside theobstacles Andgone, they ne'er return again,
many a dark place and started on the road from our path, but will also begin to assert Our supplicationsare in vain
to Success. Our repeated success caused that wonderful force, as yet so little under- That ask for chance to use once more,
us to think and speak of our "luck,'' and stood—the Law of Attraction — which will
The moments that have fled before.
we grew to believe that we had a "star," draw to us that which is conducive to suc-
and took chances and risks that others cess, be ideas, people, things, yes, even
it Then sternly strive to make your mark.
would not dream of. We dared. We made circumstances. Oh, ye of little faith, why While daylight lasts; forcomes the dark
some apparent failures, but we soon came do you not see these things? The long, dark night, when you must tell
to know them as only lessons leading to The world is looking for these " I Can and If you have used your daylight well.
ultininte success. The " I Can and I Will" I Will" people. It has places for them. -/. rr. Dean.

1.^
 Cbe School Graduate in Politics. plan, because times are never as good
as thinks they ought to be, or is divert-
What will the great army of school ed by any circumstance that may touch
graduates do for the disturbed poli- his prejudices or his pocket, is a vex-
ation and impediment in public
tics of the time? The public has
affairs. He doesn't support a policy
given them years of training in prep-
long enough for it to reach its legiti-
aration for citizenship, and, while it mate and subjects the country
results,
may not_look to them for immediate to the e^'ils of instability.
all If
guidance, it does expect intelligent there are enough of them to control
and patriotic interest in affairs, and elections, business interests will be
an early development of capacity to subject to some kind of annual up-
deal with the questions perplexing heaval. They are of the type of
and dividing its counsels. people who live in emigrant wagons,
These
always moving to a new country.
problems must be solved by dispas-
From their power the country prays
sionate analysis and calm judgment.
to be delivered, and its escape should
The people are willing to do the right come, and is coming, by the help of
thing at all times if they can know it,
the bright-eyed legions now under
but they cannot know it without clear
drill in the public schools.
mental vision, the habits of accurate L. Madarasz.
This is a portrait of the gentleman who is
responsible for the excellent results pro- thought, and the power to discern
duced in business writing by the pupils of and separate the truth and error that
Elliott's Commercial School, Wheeling, W, are generally mixed in all debatable ] The Pratt Teachers' Agency, [
Va., Mr. J. F. Caskey, We know of no more 70 Fifth Avenue, Hew York, t
enthusiastic teacher, and, moreover, his questions. ITnfortunately, there is j

too much of the hop-skip-and-jump j Recommends coUeee and normal erradu- P

enthusiasm extends to and includes Arith- atee, ipecialiBta, and other teachers to cal- [
i
metic, Commercial Law, Bookkeeping, etc. method of reaching conclusions i lefei. schools, and families. F
This much cannot be said of all, but it can where patient and accurate analysis
be said of a greater number today than ever i The Agency receiTes many calls for com- F

before. Mr. Caskey swings a pen of more is needed, and the evil effects are 3 mercial teachers from public and priTate l

than average freedom and accuracy as plainly seen in our changing polities. i schools,and business
siness colleges. t

shown by a specimen in this number. The voter who follows the turn-about WM. O. PRATT, Man ager {

STUDENTS' SPECIMENS WHICH SPEAK FOR THEMSELVES, J. F. CASKEY, TEACHER, WHEELING, W VA., THE ELLIOTT
COMMERCIAL SCHOOLS OF WEST VIRGINIA.
 I |
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Are you practicing: regularly and faithfully, or spasmodically and impatiently? I find it a habit far too common among students
to be in such a hurry to get to the end that they slight work. Too much skimming and changing from one thing to another. The best
results come from thorough work aswe proceed. Follow a plan of practice and do not leave a letter or exercise until some improvement
can be seen.
n fixed Purpose
you have made up your mind to become a good penman, accomplish it. Don't be a " w^ishy-washy " sort of being who can't stick
If
to a thing long enough fora reasonable person to have cause to expect success. A stubborn determination to succeed in an undertaking
usually removes the barriers and makes sticces« comparatively ea^^y.

Practice Jittains Unto Perfection

Practice does not no matter how many times we may have heanl it said, or how often we have written the copy, " Prac-
make perfect,
tice make-J perfect." Did you ever hear a penman who amtuiited to anything say he had attained perfection? Not if he told the truth.
With increased skill, always comes increased knowledge of the subject, so that our ideal continues in advance of our skill.
Tntelligent Practice

While practice attains unto perfection, intelligent practice will develop a higher degree of perfection than careless, unth»>ughtful
practice. This i- an era of brains, as well as labor. I have heard it said thatit takes a fool to learn to write, but people are realizing that
^liitenient is erroneous.
 ^i^3^ud/ri^^^^i/iu^i/fr* ^
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y
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.J2. t::^^!>gz^-^ iTPZ^f

Cs and O's and l^ow to make Cbem Square on Cop

Fewprofessional penman understand how ti) make Cs and d's square with one stroke of the pen. Some even go so far as to assert
that it can't be done. There recently appeared in one of the Penmanship Journals a course of lessons in Ornamental Writing conducted
by one of our leading penman. In his instructions concerning small t and d, he said, " Do not delude yourself into believing that they
can be made square with one stroke. It is time wasted to attempt it, as they must be retouched." This same gentleman is an A-1 penman,
whose work I greatly admire, but he is wrong on the above point. I never retouch them, those in the copies of this lesson being made with
one stroke only, without retouching. I will give $500.00 to anyone who will watch me write, if I fail to convince them of the truth of
my statement.
To make them square, set the pen down at the upper right hand corner of the letter, then bear on the pen with a rather heavy pres-
sure, moving the left nib of the pen over the left and keeping the right nib where it was first placed. After making the top in this way
as broad as desired, gradually descend, rela.xing the pressure until you finish at the base witli a hair line. Bj' working from the above
suggestions and making a careful study of every motion made, you will in a short time learn to make them. I would not convey the idea
that it is easy to learn, for it is not, but anyone who will practice thoughtfully and in an experimenting manner, can learn it. The p'e
are made square at the bottom in a similar way, but they must he made quickly and the pen raised from the paper almost instantly.

Sends ftis Dollar and flood Words.

All Right for Kelchner. I hand you herewith $1.00 for the renewal For Sale
L. Kelchner is an expert in all
M. of my subscription to the Teachers' Profes-
branches of penmanship. If he does sional Edition of THE BUSINESS EDUCA-
not know good cards, who does? This TOR. AT A BARGAIN, if sold at once. A
is his testimony: — well established business college of
It affords me
pleasure to bear witness
in this connection to the mingled profit and sixteen years standing. Modern equip-
delight of which your truly inspirational ment, excellent reputation, present
English Bristol, 14 colors, 90c. per 1000.
pages are a never-failing source. The evo- and former students well pleased. A
Norway Wedding Bristol, white, healthful location and a field of over
$1.15 per 1000. lution of your journal marks an upward
spiral of exceeding grace and beauty, and 60,000 population to draw from. Prac-
F. S. HEATH. the aspiring student finds himself lured to tically no competition. Proprietor
.i^O Dunklee St., Concord, N. M. follow you up the shining way which is wishes to go into other business.
ever wending worthward. Address,
A. C. PECK, B. B., Care BUSINESS EDUCATOR.
All Bight for You.
Manitowoc, Wis.

I
C^£:^^i^-i'T€^.!i,A^7^ a^fz^ T^^.i.-^^-^c^^L^''^ -^^<*t^^ ^>A^ei.^rL^ yy^c>^^ ^
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 ^^^fS^U^l^d^^/iU^lih^ ^
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PieACTICAI, ENGROSSING SCRIPT BY F. W. MARTIN. TROY, N. Y.

BLANK CARDS AND PAPER. ^Wnr GO TO "coriKeE" -»

TO LEARN BOOKKEEPING^ M ILLS'S Correspondence
Send for Samples and Price List. WHEN WILL iVlAKE A
I
School of Penmanship
Good grade of Student's Practice Paper, either J;iKt-CIassBook-I^eeper U an exclusive school of pen-
wide or ordinary ruling, $1.25 per 1000 sheets. manship. If you feel the
ONE DOZEN CARDS, elegantly written need of improving your
writinc vou should send
in my best style, 25c. Tamblvn's Glossy Black stamp at one ir full infor-
Ink Powder, for one pt. of fine ink, 35c. Powder where, FREE! Hare placed THOC'S.^NTIS. Per- mation co ling
for bottle of fine White Ink, 25c. haps can place YOl', too! 8.743 testiinonials school. Add
r. W^. TAMBCYN. receiTed from pnplls! .5.4 VE THIS AXli wnlTE^
J. H. GOOnwlN, Expert .lornont.nnt.
»JO, 1315 Bronllniij, \E1T
Room MILLS
1114 Grand Ave. KANSAS CITY. MO.
lORK.
\. V. !., Rochester. N.Y.

^WITH THB

¥BB«fSOPHLSTET n

are tlze lowest

T]?GEl^dor^sGl2^6l2tofoarPal^o]25^

DESIGNING aMGM/ING for

EDUGinONAL mSTITlMOHS IS OTJRSEEGIAITYi

A GOOD THING IN ADVERTISING. STRICTLY

MODERN, AND UNUSUALLY EFFECTIVE. vS EN ]) FOR J^ PE r.[A L \^mC E LKS T
REDUCED ONE-HALF IN ENGRAVING FROM
FLIER RECEIVED AT THIS OFFICE.
MICHIGAN ENGRAVINGTO.
2^2 PEARL ST.
GRAND RAPm;5;^MI()H

1 C^^^^Z^^-'-r-^^Cd-^^r^ cZ^^Z^ ^CC'^-^C^i''^,£.'Tzf -.€.€^-C.^^ ^A..<Z''7-Z^ yy^^P^t^ CfrLA. 73^CCtd.4^^>t.^,d^^^cCcc-<>Cl-^'i7'?^.

I
 f^^^ud/neU^i^/iu:aifr ^
,.,-<:^ .S:^^^^^=K^ Cbc Profession's Coss.
C. C. Canan has passed to the
Specimens spirit life. Canan, the penman, is no
more among us. His easily-recog-
Received nized, welcome, precisely-written let-
ters have ceased dropping in our mail
box. They have been frequent visit-
ors the past year, and they will be
All unusual)}- strong, accurate artu-inove- greatly missed.
iiient specimen of business writitrg is before
us in the form of a letter from Miss Bess E. Thursday morning, September 29th,
- Velie, supervisor of writing and drawing in 1904, at the home of his parents,
the Osage (la.) public schools. She writes
an unusually practical hand, and we hope Bradford, Pa., the spirit of Clinton
in the near future to present some of her C. Canan freed itself from a frail
work to the readers of THB Bi;siNESS EDU-
CATOR. body, and his pens are now idle.
For more than fifteen years he suf-
A letter in a good business hand is at fered from an attack of appendicitis
hand from our friend B. J. Ferguson, who is
pleasantly located with the North Georgia which at that time was little under-
Agricultural College, Dahlonega,Ga., where
he has charge of the commercial Depart- stood and consequently unsuccess-
ment of that institution. fully treated. About three years ago
.\ letter written in a masterful hand is
his condition became critical and a
received from Mr. B. A. McKinney, of the surgical operation was performed but
Massey Business College. Richmond, Va. without avail. A second operation
Mr. McKinney is one of our foremost com-
mercial teachers, being the possessor of a was resorted to which did little good,
good Englisli education, with an excellent
hand writing. Moreover, he is a true Vir- if any, following which other compli-
ginian in manners, and a hard worker. cations, such as Bright's disease,
R. A. Cepek, Chicago, 111., enclosed sotne dropsy, etc., developed and finally
specimens of business, ornamental and en- caused his death.
grossing script which show much more Mr. N. H. Wright, Penman in the Old Last spring he wrote us regarding
than ordinary talent. It would not take Reliable Bryant & Stratton Business
this gentleman long to get into the ranks of College, Louisville, Ky., whose portrait and business and professional matters,
the professionals, his work being bold, signature appear herewith, is a Hoosier by and in his quiet, reserved manner,
smooth and accurate.
birth and a Kentuckian by adoption. As said his condition was becoming such
Specimetis of business writing from stu- his countenance betrays, he has not adopted
that for which his fair state is famous, and
he did not expect to live more than
dents of the HefHey School, Brooklyn, X. Y.,
are among the best received during the which makes the nose blossom as a rose, through the summer. How well he
past month. The work is so uniformly good
that we do not care to particularize by men-
nor even that which makes for blessedness, timed his departure How heroically
!

a fair woman, and for whicii Kentucky is he wrote and wrought, none but his
tioning names. If the pace set in the begin-
renowned, but ere long, no doubt he, too.
ning is kept up during the year, the results
are going to speak louder than words. will have conquered and been conquered immediate friends can know. We
in the contest which love wages in every who saw the strong lines become frail
Mr. W. Donnell of the Cornwall (Ont.)
J. normal breast. knew that strength was failing, but
Commercial College, submits specimens of Mr. Wright graduated from the Zanerian
students' work which show the right kind and swings a practical, skillful quill. It is
the end came as a shock, as his last
of training.Mr. M. Thompson writes an needless to say that his influence is raiding missive came but a few days before
unusually neat and individual hand. The
work shows thorough drill on movement. the standard of excellence in that excellent the end, and with no intimation of
Come again. school, and that the writing he is produc- his serious condition.
ing on the part of his pupils is such as is in
G. L. Caskey, penman in the Modern demand in the business world. His Mr. Canan entered, and graduated
School of Business, Cleveland, O., and who talents and efforts, however, are not con- from, the Zanerian in 1893. He was
swings an unusually clever pen, recently fined to the pen, but he handles other com- then twenty years of age. We soon
favored The BUSINESS EDUCATOR with a mercial subjects as well.
handsome list of subscriptions. From the recognized in him special. art talents,
size of the list we should judge that the Mr. Wright is all right. May he live long
Modern School is having an unusually large to right the writing of thousands and to which, with his patient, persevering
attendance. write right himself. May that smile for practice and moral tendencies, con-
which he is noted never come off, and the vinced us that his position and rank
Mr. A. L. Peterson, Holdrege, Xebr., sub- sunshine of his disposition continue to
mits specimens of penmanship, both busi- encourage those with whom he comes in as a penman was destined to be some-
ness and ornamental, which show consider- contact. thing more than mediocre. For some
able skill and disclosed the fact that he
could become. b>- proper practice and in- time we have recognized that as a
struction, a very fine penman.
LESSONS IN ii .^ penman and artist combined he was
Miss Maybelle V. Hale, Portland, Conn.,
submits a specimen of her business pen- 3g ENGROSSING unexcelled, and that he had few or no
equals as an accurate, artistic pen-
manship which discloses an unusually
practical hand, the result of attending the SEND FOR SPECIMENS « CIRCULARS. man. This is a distinction and de-
Huntsinger Business College, Hartford, served honor which falls to the lot of
Conn., under the instruction of Messrs. B.
M. Winkleman and R. A. Wheeler, both of
HY. C. WALrKKR, but few people, and to none more
which have been through the Zanerian. 5585 Vernon Ave. ST. LOUIS. MO. worthily than to the late C. C. Canan.
Miss Julia Bender, teacher of penmanship From the Zanerian he went as a
in the Wesleyan University of Buckhannon,
W. Va.. favors us with an occasional letter
STEVENSON'S STUDIO teacher of penmanship in the Cleary
written in a splendid business hand. Miss PRINTING DESIGNING ENGRAVING College, Ypsilanti, Mich., where he
Bender is a conscientious, enthusiastic ENGROSSING DIPLOMAS SCRIPT CUTS remained about two years. He was
teacher of practical writing. Miss Bender
earned her splendid hand writing by intel- SAMPLES, PENCIL SKETCHES. ETC.. FREE I I then employed by Mr. A. N. Palmer
ligent and persistent practice, and not by
Blank Cards, While or Colored. 90c per lOOO to teach penmanship and pen art in
nature or talent. It is all the more credit-
able to her. 100, 15c. Samples Free !
the penmanship department of the
Burnt Leather Card Cases for Christmas.
and50c.eacb.
25. 35,
Hand colored name burnt on free! Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Business Col-
Some splendidly written cards, copper lege. The work he did there reflected
plate style, have been received from U. B. Beautifullywrilten white cards, 15cdoz. coin ed i

Slater of the Commercial High School, 20c doz. 100 printed. 35c. Samples and agent's great credit upon him as a penman of
Patterson, N. J. We were not aware that terms, 2c stamp. extraordinary skill and as an artist
Mr. Slater possessed such a high order of Best Fountain Pen. The wonderful new patent
skill in this line of work. The cards very " Writewell". 75c to $4.00. Agents wanted. of more than usual talent. He next
closely resemble the work of a first-class taught penmanship in Shissler Col-
engraver. Mr. Slater states that he is fre- Bent, if you are bent on having the "finest eraser
quently crowded with orders to such an and cleaner. Bend 10c for sample Erasit." lege, Norristown, Pa., where he be-
extent that he finds it dillicult to secure came incapacitated for work and in
the time to fill them. It pays to cultivate A. J. STEVENSON,
this style of work. GRAND OPERA HOUSE BLDC. CINCINNATI, O. which city the surgical operations
 "^
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iJ$eMe«i«f-

^^a^iA^^^---T^-.^cy^'i.-A^rr7^^y'^.9^^
^

\ / g^zsZ^Z/S-i^/^?- ^-yg-^-T^^AX
S. F. TA-y/or ^

were performed. Two years a^o last disposition, he turned to poetry and Another poem so well expressed his
spring we visited him after his first as a result developed such ability be- boundless energy that we cannot re-
operation and found him optimistic fore he departed that he surprised his frain from again letting him speak to
as to his condition and uncomplain- many friends when he published his you from the printed page :

ing, even when the physician and modest, white-covered volume

little,
"Tdleness in Humanity."
nurses had no hope of his recovery. entitled "
Thorns and Flowers." The
His calm, cordial, cheerful conversa- introductory poem so well bespeaks
" A drifting ship upon the wave,
To idleness an abject slave.
tion at that time will never be for- his own mission in life that we give Content to be the one to lean,
gotten. it here With no desire for man's esteem.
As a penman, he ranked with the
"Cborns ana Flowers." Ambitionless to all about,
famed A. D. Taylor. He was equalled The stolid mein of stupid clout,
by no living penman in delicate, ac- "Thorns :
A derelict on seas of fate,
Oh, not thorns. And words that may berate.
lost to
curate free-hand ornamental penman-
Just rambling, wayside flowers, The world has need of active men,
ship, and was an artist far above the Gathered in verdant bowers, Who wield the shovel or the pen.
penman's standard. His art was not Witli much pleasure, But he who will not sow or reap
confined to the pen, as he painted in Far from strife. Might just as well be fast asleep.
and water colors. The fact, how- And may their fragrance brighten,
oil
Their goodness sweeten, lighten, Wake up and do; it is the day
ever, that he did much of his beauti- Of doing something in your way,
ful and skillful work during the past All of Life.' It may be small at very best.
But do it well with hearty zest."
two years, and until within a few days
of the end, is what appears most Penman, Artist and Poet; these
wonderful. How one so weakened were his by right of acquisition and
and enervated by sickness and pain of which any one might well be
could accomplish what he did toward proud, but he possessed that which
the end, is beyond our comprehen- outshines them all and, lasting and
sion. It is strong evidence that spirit, living ever, outweighs them all
not flesh, ruleth and that a cheerful,
; uncompromising morality and man-
firm, unwavering disposition can ac- hood. Never a word have we heard
complish that which on the part of against his integrity and morality.
all else would fail. His, short, full, artistic life may well
But Canan was more than a pen- serve as a model for us to emulate.
man and artist. He was
a poet of
splendid considering the fact
ability, CANTON, o., Oct. 6. '04.

that he was yet a comparatively Deak Friends:

Poor Canan has passed away. The best
young man and had accomplished so known, perhaps, of all the Zanerian stud-
much in other lines, leaving so little ents, he will still live in the hundreds of
specimens from his artistic brain and pen.
time to satisfy literary longings. But " Green be the grass above thee.
illness brought enforced absence from Friend of my youthful days;
usual schoolroom duties, and, as None knew thee, but to love thee.
None named thee, but to praise."
idleness had no place in his untiring J. M. HOLMES.
 Portraiture
Bv P. \V. CuSTELLO, Scrantoji, Pa
(Cotnmeiit hv C. P Zaner).

Beu) to Secure an outline.

In order to give the home student in por-

traiture a tangible knowledge of how por-
traits are made, we have had reproduced
herewith, the penciled outline sketch of the
portrait before it was inked with the pen.
Both were reduced about one-half in en-
graving. This outline (as are practically
all the outlines of the portraits made by-
Mr. Costello) was made free hand from a
photo, and doubtless somewhat larger than
the photo. To be able to sketch in a free
hand way, unaided by anything other than
the eye, requires ability not acquired in
a day. It represents the true art of portrait-
ure. The eye training developed in thus
securing the outline aids in locating the
lights and shades, as mentioned in the
preceding lesson, as well as in seeing and
depicting the character so essential in this
work. First. endeavor to secure the general
proportions of the head that is, the relative
;

height and width ; next endeavor to

locate the eyes as concerns the distance
from the top oi the head and chin. From
this on locate carefully the «ose, mouth,
ear, shoulders, etc. (.Outline the hair around
forehead, etc. Next locate and block in the
masses of light and shadow. Do these
things before attempting to draw the exact
shape of the eyes, nose, etc.
Secure generality Hrst and detail last.
Mr. Costello does not always secure a
likeness at first, but when he fails he per-
sistently attempts again, and continues
the attempt to either correct, or re-draw en-
tirely, until he succeeds.

Not only is it well to endeavor to sketch

freely from photographs, but like Mr.
Costpllo, you should draw freely and con-
tinually from lite in the manner suggested
herein, and herewith shown. Success at
first will no doubt l>e but a tame affair.
Later on failure rather than success will
become the rule, but if you persevere, in
time success rather than failure will be-
come the rule. Send some of your efforts
for inspection, criticism and suggestion.

WEAVER'S Correspondence School of Pe"

manship and Drawing, Mt. Morris, Ills ,

Offers the best inatructions in th

branches of Penmanship r'lul Drawing.
Write today for frll particulars.

CARDS ieCthebe.stiilw
Haii.l rut i'..r CARDS
KH.) .M. B. Muore's pnnted Binl ttnd Scroll cants. 35c
.5111 M'oloreil or Wedding Bristol fai-ds.euc
All orders for cards le^s itian M-lti sent postpftid.
H.-iiid cut. cards— I'er lOf"- I'er3<«-Mi rer.5«<K»
:i I'lT ANo. IWeddingBrist..l.
-
75 » *2 10 83 311
3-l'ly siipiTltne 1 1" 3 15 5 l»i
3-l'lvOoloiecl or Tinted ' S.5 Z V^ :< 75

HVee! Srn.l for cat^ilogue of piinteil |-.ii.l .<r Embli-iu cards.

W. McBEE, 19 Snyder St., Allegheny, Pa.

We have filletl

MAN Y POSITIONS
in the

BEST BUSINESS COLLEGES

ring the iiawt se:isou niiil still
ve PLENTY OF PLACE.S for
FIRST CLASS TEACHERS
FREE REGlSTKATUixN if you men-
tion this paper.

Continental Teachers' Agency,

 ^^^^uJ/n^M^i(/iu^i^(fr* ^

GRAND PRIZC at St. Louis Fair Awarded (he

lyPEWBITEK
Visible Writing

A Complete Victory — absolutely ratifying our claims that the UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER is the

GRE^ATEST WRITING MACHINE: MADE:

Visible Writing Speed Durability Completeness and Simplicity of Construction

ire the features which appealed to the Jury of Awards and these same points should appeal to you
if you are interested in having the best Typewriter money can buy.

241 Broacl-vi^ay
New York. Vnder^viroocl Typcw^riter Co.

Francis B. Courtney /^ ^^
Hanawrltin^ Specialist
Expert Microscopic Examiner of Fd
Faust's Automatic Shading Pens Are the Best
Questioned Writing.
arid
LA CROSSE. WIS..
Care F. J. Tolir We
Manufucturc
These Pens.

SPENCERIAN Also
FAUST'S
ShAOmC-
The Standard of CTCCI HPIVIC
Excellence for ^ CCL K LllNo
I PEN INKS
over forty years and FAUST'S
PATENT
MYOGRAPH.

We are wholesale and retail dealers in all kiads of Penmanship Specialties, Writing Pens
Cards, Card Board, Fine Inks, Oblique Holders, etc. Everything needed by students or pro
fessional penmen.
We
have just issued a iine, large, illustrated catalogue. Send for it.

,, AUTO PEN <Sl ink MFG. CO., 40 DEARBORN ST, CHICAGO

iNsin

Select a pen for gour wriling from

a sample card of special numbers for cor-
respondence. J2 pens for lOc, postpaid.
FOI^ PERIODICAL, CIRCULAR, BOOKLET &. CATALOGUE^
SPENCERIAN PEN CO. Attractive. Artistic.
150
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CAPTIONS IN SCRIPT ANO LETTERING Wim FIGURES AND EMBLEMATIC DRAWINGS, nnnxj
.

349 Broadway. NEW YORK CITl Am HEADINO MADE TO 0R0« AT STOCK PRICES. 0RAWI^6S AMI CITIS FOR All PtlRPOSB.Uimjj

I
Ci£:t^v~£''r^i^±£y^^ ayfz^ ^i^<^^^-£i.^^y^L£'<r^ -.«*^.^^ ^^t.a^'77^^ ^-^i^^j^ /^^^^ ..7>z^5^?t.^^<>«^>^-^'^-t^ CT^iu. 73y<'Cd^c>2..£^i^€<:^^^cyCyCi'C<rr' |
 ^^^^3Bud/n^di^<^diu^iiifr^ ^
'iWBilMiilBi
.r-^^^
... ,
Xhz K'S'-d of ( r&!;sb Business
Itlen Require.
Mints and Helps in Lettering, Lrinea.r There seems to be a ,c^reat deal of
Designing, Etc. misconception on the part of commer-
C. D. SCKIHNEK. Relton.Tex. Perspective cial school teachers as to what bus-
iness men really require in the matter
Our nei vork on the science nf of Eng-lish. This is due partly to the
drawn>j<. fact that teachers are trained as
Cesson number Seven. teachers rather than as business men.
For this lesson we will «tu(ly tlje etfects teaches a student without a
It They have not had the real business
produced on Ross paper. This paper is a teacher, or assists the. teacher experience, thoug'h their lives and
clialky-like cordbonrd nieclianically ruled, thoughts are never very far from the
and comes in many different styles; some vith a student. business office. Not being business
with one set of lines, others with double
lines, horizontal, oblique and perpendicular, men, they are afraid to dictate to the
etc. etc. This paper can be had at first class business world, but humbly take
art stores, and costs about fifty cents a
Sent complete on receipt of $2.00.

sheet, 12 x 17 inches. In working Ross paper,

what the business world lays before
Don't Delay. them. For example, the dictation
be careful not to net finger marks on it. as it
will show in engraving.
This price is special. Money
books in use in the schools are made
First lav off a design on paper, then
transfer with carbon, and be very careful to refunded if not satisfactory.
up of actual business letters taken
trace only where you wisli to work. Use a from letter files. None of them offer
pocket knife to scratch the white places, and model letters which maybe models to
a lithograph pencil for darks. You can use
pen and ink, but lithograph pencil is more the business man himself as well as
suitable and clean. Work carefully and The Carpenfer Co. to young pupils.
slowly, be sure you know what effect you Cleveland. But the fact is, the average business
want before going ahead, as it is impossible See. for Sav. Bld§.
to erase on this Ross paper.
letter is not the kind or letter the
businessman really wants. He wants
something much better. He is him-
PENMANSHIP TWVGHT BY MAIL self a slave to the worn-out, stereo-
typed phrases which are so widely
Lessons Weekly with Red Ink (.'riticisnis of practice work. Personal attention to each student.
Copies fresh from the Pen. Finger Movement quickly broken up and Muscular Movement made used, but he knows that these phrases
easy. Correct forms of letters taught, clear instructions for every copy. Beautiful copies, graded to
Keep up your practice and improve after you leave school. No failures. A good
make his letters Stiff and repulsive to
suit individual.
hand guaranteed or money refunded. Six months course in Business Writing, $5 00 Ornamental, ;
the reader. Yet every business col-
$7.00. Diplomas free. One of our superior pen holders and a package of our smooth writing Business lege teaches all these obsolete forms
Pens given free to each student. We also teach Pen Lettering, Round Hand Script and Artistic Card with such persistence and success
Writing. send for our free circulars. that the ordinary graduate is incap-
Stray«r'« Bu College. HARMAN <a ELLSWORTH. PhiladBlpKla. Pa. able of writing a simple, natural,
effective letter.
Sherwin Cody is an authority on
business English, accepted by the
best business houses in the country,
such as Marshall Field & Co., Lyon &
Healy, etc., etc. He has been a busi-
ness man himself, and he gets his liv-
ing by writing letters which will get
business. At the same time he is ac-

WE NEED TEACHERS cepted as a scholarly authority in all

the leading universities, where his
books on literary composition are
Commercial and shorthand teachers of all grades, ages, conditions, both sexes standard (such as ChicagoUniversity,
— at all salaries are wanted for our lists. We have constant demand for teachers. Northwestern, Vassar, etc.)
We have lost a number of vacancies because we did not have just the right His new book entitled " Good Eng-
lish Form Book in Business Letter
teachers for the places -and we prefer to lose the commission rather than to rec-
ommend a person whose qualifications are not suited for the place. Writing" is the only book published
which contains letters for dictation
We especially need well educated, all-round commercial teachers who are also which are accepted as models by
good business penmen. business men as well as educators,
A SPECIAL OFFER. and without a stereotyped phrase in
them. This volume is' especially pre-
So confident are we that we can place practically every good teacher and well- pared for the use of business college
prepared .[graduate that we make the following offer We will waive the |2 regis- :
teachers, and is crowded with helpful
tration fee and allow this to be paid with our 4"n commission (one-half in 30 daj's, suggestions on the teaching of busi-
one-half in 60 days after beginning work). This offer appl'es only to those who, ness English. You will want at least
after investigation, we accept as suitable candidates for our lists. one copy for desk use. Price, 75
By this arrangement it will cost the teacher nothing to register — and to keep cents; to teachers for examination,
registered with us right along. In this way you'll always have your lightning rod 50 cents. School of English, 623C
up. —
You can't tell when a good vacancy iust the one of a lifetime for you may — Chicago Opera House, Chicago.
come to us to fill. If you're on our lists the place is yours.
We want every commercial and shorthand teacher in America to join us. Join fiow
now don't wait until next spring. We are getting calls for teachers daily. Even
; Hbout I Artistic Writer; to know
fine
if vou don't care for a place for months yet, register now and let us get acquainted all about Card Writing to
;

Vour learn Engrossing; or to take a

with you. practical course in Lettering
PCntndnSbiP ?
Don't put it off. Write us to-day. Blanks and particulars on application. Th book
How to Become a Good Pen-
THE KINSLEY COMMERCIAL TEACHEliS' BtiREAC, man." It's free nd tells all about how vou can
l«arn by mail. F. W. TAMBLYN,
VVM. J. KINSLEY, Manager, ^45 Broadway, New York. 1114 GRAND AVE KANSAS CITY, MO,

I
C^i^'V-^^^r^ca.^^'T^ Or^fz^ ^cc-^-^c^^^i-i^'^ -t^^^c^i^ ^^i.<z.-'rV'/c> ^^/^t^^C' /9-?- ^'TT-^.i'fL^Co^rT'Z.^^'rz^ C%^ 7^,ccd4^'rL.AiUJ^^<CcC'i>a.^<rr- I
 .^^^Ui^i^d^dfiaiU^r ^
STYLE MANUAL FOR STENOGRAPHERS
REPORTERS AND CORRESPONDENTS ^ ^ The Practical Books
Musiek's Practical Arithmetic, rapid figuring, and
THE ONLY OOK OF ITS KIND special features peculiar to office work :fl.00

It increases the efficiencyand earning power of Teachers, Students, Musiek's Commercial Law, fundamental government
lieporlers, Cnrrespomlents and nil who hate anything to do with type- and economics, and the usual subjects of
writing. The complete tiook is a reproil"rlion from actual type Commercial Law, especially specific on real
uiriliM) — not Imitation. Endorsed hy hundreds of Business Educators. transactions '-00

Some Expressions by Those C1sin§ It. Unive.r.sal Dictation Course, a 260-page book, 26
different lines of business, each separate, with
The most practical book published for business college use.— shorthand vocabulary preceding; 15 systems;
Just what business schools have been looking for.— A great bene- book for each system... 1.50
fit to both teacher and student.— It has helped nie
wonderfully
in my work as a dictator of business correspondence.-The new Essentials of Grammar, Punctuation and Corres=
pondenee 50
features in punctuation, style, etc., are ils noticeable points.—
The make-up is exact, clean and attractive.— I recommend it to Seventy-five Lessons in Spelling and Word-Analy-
my pupils as well as graduates.— Have been using it in our post- sis, arranged as a dictionary and speller 20
graduate class effectively. We give it a place of pre-eminence,
especially in its adaptation to advanced stenographers.— The Complete Touch Typewriting Instructor. Contains
stenographer is not complete who ha'' not mastered its contents. shorthand vocabularies same as the Dictation
—The ornamental and display work is an interesting and help- book. State what svstem and what machine —
ful study.— Just what I want in my business. No teacher should Rem-Graham, Rem-'Benn Pitman, Smith-Dem-
be without it.— We are using it solely on its merit.— I have very ent, Rem-Gregg, or whatever you use 1.00
diflHcult work to do it saves me much thought and time and my
;

work is now of a higher grade.— It is not only a guide but an in- Abridged Touch instructor. Same
Typewriting
spiration.— We have long wished for such a text in our post- plan as the complete e.xcept the shorthand.
graduate course.— I can say most emphatically it is an excellent Contains 48 pages 35
work.— It is worthy of a place in every school.— It is an invalu-
able text in school, and equally useful in business as a guide
Shorthand Pocket Dictionaries. Contains about
and reference. 8,000 words and phrases. 15 systems 1.00

Circular giving Complete Index, mailed Free.

Specia.1 Price i.o Schools.
Sample Copy, Post-paid, $1.25

H. Graham Paterson, 223 liialfo BIdg. Chicago, III.

W. L. Musick Publishing Company,
Author and Publisher: ' Paterson PhonogrBphy," "Style Manual," Etc.
ST. LOVIS, MISSOVRI.

C(eiv^yTt{,i^^7^ a^Tz^ 72cc.^-£<^ij^t^ ^ci'-c^ i^vti,^%A> .^t/.i'^^ /in' .^.-^.i^r'z^Co^m^i^n^ cy%^7iM^Uoz.uUl£<6it-c^i^i<r?' |

1
 " Practical Speller," Glenn & Byrne (Byrne
Publishing Co.) This is a handy little
pocket volume, involving the use of the
most commonly misspelled words in dicta- Lesson-s in Wash Drawing
tion exercises. The plan is not new, but the
Book Reviews work is well arranged, and the book will and Engrossing.
appeal to many as a most effective method BROWN,
E. L. ROCKI,.\ND, ?I.\INE.
of handling the " spelling problem."

"Inductive Bookkeeping and Business

Practice," Hookland & Hayward (published
••
Pitman's Ciiiiimercial Speller," Isaac Pit- by the authors). One would think that but We present in cut herewith a specimen of
man & Sons,Publishers, Xo. 31 Union little excuse could be given for a new trea- brush shading as applied to engrtissing pur-
Square, N. Y., price 35c., is the neatest little tise on bookkeeping, but this work is its poses. In this class of work much care is
spelling book we have ever Iiad the pleasure own justification. Those who know S. S. necessary to obtain evenness of tone, which
of beholding. It is intended mainly for a Hookland and W. R. Hayward need not be is essential for the best effect, especially in
told that they know the subject of book- shading letters similiar to those in the
book of reference for stenographers. Com- keeping from both the theoretical and the
mercial, Normal, and High Schools, con- words. Designing and Engrossing.
practical point 'of view, and the book itself First pencil out the design with the great-
taining abbreviations, foreign phrases, table bears on every page tlie hal'-mark of inti- est care. The initial D contains consider-
of foreign money, directions for punctua- mate familiarity with schoolroom condi- able study. Do not be satisfied with weak,
tion, and the use of capital letters. It is a tions. While we positively believe in a "sleepy" curves, so common in the work of
spelling book pure and simple, without defi- consideratjle amount of theory, or drill on beginners. Note the arrangement and
nitions, with the exception of the last few fundamental features of bookkeeping work, shading of the different ornaments, and see
pages, whicli are devoted to abbreviations, before introducing the business papers that tliat all the darkest shadows appear on the
etc. It contains 176 pages, covered with
generate entries in an actual office, we right. Outline the spaces to be washed on
maroon colored cloth with gilt side stamp. think we have seen no more judicious ad- the face of the letters as well as on the
It is compact, and yet the type is large, and
mixture of theory and practice than is here under shade, then proceed with the brush
the spaces quite open, making it one of the given. Besides, the inductive presentation work. Aim for transparent washes, and
most easily read small books we have seen. of the subject is exceedingly painstaking leave all the high lights. Patch up slips of
and thorough. Ample rulings, with three- the brush here and there with Chinese
color plates; careful explanations suited to white. Always use water proof ink on
"Business Writing and L-ttering," by H. the student mind; comprehensive instruc-
D. Phelps. Principal of the Business Depart- lettering to be shaded in water color.
tions for finding errors; a good drill in cor- The shading at base and right hand side
ment of the Montana College of Agricul- respondence, good arrangements of exer- of letters must be free from spots, and in
tural and Mechanic Arts. Bozeman, Mont., cises for practice in solving problems order to obtain clearness and transparency
is the title of a fifty-page book on the sub- peculiar to bookkeeping work, and a pecul-
jects named in the title. in tone, the washes must be added quickly.
It contains a iarly lucid style — these are some af the Make the wider shade first, tilting the
graded series of lessons in plain, rapid incidentally worthy features of the publica-
actual business writing, together with les- drawing board so that the color will follow
tion. It will appeal to many as one of the the brush.
sons in practical lettering. The instruc- ver\- best things yet published fo*r introduc-
tions are sensible and to the point, and tor\- work, though, naturally, every one will
the copies represent actual business writ- want to modify it here and' there "by intro-
ing rather than model business writing. The Card Writer
ducing ills own pet method of presenting Writes cards at
certain phases of the subject. The arrange- 15c. per dozen.
" Words' Exercise Book," for use in writ- ment which admits elasticity as to the use Any btyle, any
ing the words and containing exercises on of offices or purely desk work is valuable. Mr. Morris, III.
name. Fine and
"discriminated " and " honiophonus" words, We advise our readers to go through this i to please. Orde today.
prepared by Rupert P. SoRelle, published publication from cover to cover.
by the Gregg Publishing Company, Chica-
go. This is a blank book of So pages, con-
taining ruled lines for words and sentence
writing with place for corrections by the
instructor. The book is intended primarily
Specialization Marks The Agei
to accompany the work entitled "Words'"
reviewed in these columns not long since, Specialists for all kinds of Commercial work furnished— FREE !

and impresses us as being something orig- Are you a Specialist? We have a place for you. Write now
inal and practical. It contains a great
many words and sentences which have been for full particulars. O PROMPT! O RELIABLE!
selected with much care, and its use will
aid greatly in learning to write correctly
very puzzling words. Warrensburg Teachers- Agency,
[
C^'^n^e^'TtcdtC^'^ <«'-?Z^ ^CO^-^Ctd^'Ax.'^d .^C</-t..^ (iJ^^Z-^-Z^ .i^^,^^^^ /^^ '''0^^.^.'7'L.Zc-Cryz..c..r2^ C7%-& /2*£<*<^i>^-tci<^£€«;«^..«««.^<?'7' I
 f^^^u^^/ned^^dfiai/fr^ ^
J. C. K., Niagara. Your practice is sys- DO YOU NEED A TEACHES?
tematic, and in that particular it is
excellent. Your movement, however, is We can put you in correspondence with
not free and forceful enough. You allow the one you want.
your fingers to aid too mucii in the work
and do not, on the whole, write rapidly DO YOU WANT A POSITION?
enough. Keep the fingers from acting
in the simpler forms, and avoid either
breaks or kinks in lines. Your orna-
mental work is entirely too slow. Let
lis hear from you regularly. CLICK'S TEACHERS' AGENCY
CLICK, Mgr., Concord, N. H.
C, Springfield, O.— Make your retrac-
C. S.
E. L.
ing exercises more compact. Try to make
Under heading Mr. Zaner criticises specimens
this the strokes as close and regular as the
thread on a spool. You have a tendency to
of penmanship, drawing, etc., submitted to him.
Postage should be enclosed if specimens are to be make the second part of the small u " and '* SOMETHING NtW
returned. He will also endeavor to answer any and
'*
n " smaller than the first part. Some of VNDER THE SUN I'

all questions pertaining to penmanship matters, or if your small letters look as though they might
thought best, questions may be submitted through have been made a trifle too hurriedly. The
this department to the readers of our journal for vol- top of the small " a " is a trifle too pointed.
unteer answers. This gives the readers of The Your figure "2" at the base line sliould have ^A NEW MASAZINe. FOft
Business Educator the benefit of the experience an angle. Some of yours are so rounding TEACH ERA -STUDENTS -ARTISTS
of one who has made this work a life-time study, as that they look like a miniature duckling I 'penmen- devoted tfCLUsivEiy To
well as of those who contribute thereto. riding on its front end on the blue line. mNMfi.NSHIP-SKErCmNO-LETTERIrJCr
Seriously', you are doing well. That certifi- MODERN ART- .*/oo AVEAR- 10^
->

At what age should pupils begin to use cate is yours if you keep up the pace you '
A COPY- SAMPLE FRL£-5E^0 TOR ONC
muscular, forearm movement? have set. Practice faithfully, watch details fiODfiCSS- EMBREE PRINTING CO PUBLISHERS
C. C. Shurtz, and you'll win. Your work is strong and
rapid and fairly accurate to start with.
Dennison, la. Heed our criticisms, and the future will
take care of for a large cake of Korean Ink,
Your question is one that many are now
asking. It depends largely upon the kind
itself.

N. A. B., Dantzler, Ala.— Y'our specimen

and has been filed, awaiting
IT IS
^^i^"^^^"""^^"
$3 the kind that is per/ertly black-
on shades— mellow and soft on
elusive, but firm hair lineii. It
of writing taught as to when movement is received, it
flows beautifully and an incentive to beautiful writing.
is
your future progress. Work faithfully upon Yiiur mime written in ornate style and etching made for
should be started. If small writing is re- inovement exercises. Practice systemat- 92. Cuts of any matter in script made to order— cuts that
quired for lesson work from the time the ically and regularly. Send more of your have vim and dash— Madarasz quality.
practice for criticism. Stick closely to the Bin' THE INK, and improve your Writing.
child enters school, movement cannot be
copies, following them line for line. L. MADARASZ, 1281 Third Ave., New York.
taught and used successfully in such
writing until after the child has entered W. H. E., Fayette. O.— You are doing good
work. You are swinging a graceful quill. I
the grammargrades. If the child, however, would suggest that you use better practice
is allowed to write large enough he can paper and watch details closely. Your cap- Wanted, Position as Solicitor
then employ forearm movement from tlie itals could also be a trifle larger. In shading With an A No. 1 school. Several years' success-
the last part of the small "m," "n," etc., ful experience.
beginning, such as blackboard writing and check the motion slightly so as to keep the School must be straight as I do straight busi-
pencil writing, if the letters are made about shade from extending clearto the base line. ness on straight salary. No commission business
one inch high. Further information along The quality of line in the small letters is too with its evil consequences. References.
this line will be found in our September,
heavy for that in the capitals. You are on Address, "STRAIGHT."
the right road for that professional cer-
October and November editorials. tificate.
Care Business Educator.

Many BOOKS are GOOD, Some are BETTER, Others BEST.

Our books belong to the last class. Don't take our word for it; read what others say

Your Practical Spelling, since its adoption, this coming year. Your book is the best of W. H. Patrick, Principal Business College,
is giving universal satisfaction. It is tlie the kind it has been my pleasure to see.— York, Pa.
best speller we have yet liad the privilege Prof. H. S. DeSollar, Priii. Central Business
of examining. We cannot recommend it College, Denver, Colo. I have taught from your New Practical
too highly.— W. Philip Steinhaeuser, Prin. Arithmetic, and consider it the best I have
Com'l Dept. Schuylkill Seminary, Reading, Plain English suits me exactly. There is ever used.— Prof. W. R. Havward, Elizabeth
Pa. nothing, in mv
opinion, equal to it.— Chas. College, Charlotte, N. C.
L. Lewis, Priri. Boulder Business College,
Wehave been using your Letter Writing Boulder, Colo. I have examined your Practical Bookkeep-
during the past year and have obtained ing and find it to be a most excellent text-
think your Plain tngllsh In Practical Ex-
I book. I am deli.ghted with the book, and I
from it the best results ever obtained from best thing I have ever seen
any text-book used upon this subject. We ercises, is the know I shall enjoy using it. It is a great
know of no other book so well adapted to just what I have been looking for many improvement over all other bookkeeping
class work and can therefore recommend it years. I have decided to adopt the Exer- text-books I have ever used.— Clara L.
to all schools desiring a work upon this sub- cises for use in our school.— Prin. N. H. Rob- Alden, Teacher in High School, Calais, Me.
ject. It is thorough and complete in itself. erts, Winsted Bus. College, Winsted, Conn.
It has answered our purpose admirably. I find your Twentieth Century Business
I have been using your book. Practical Practice far in advance of anything I have
We shall continue to use it.— Rolirbough Shorthand, in this school since its publica- ever examined for the purpose for which it
Bros., Proprietors Omaha Commercial Col- tion, and consider it the best thing of its
lege, Omaha, Nebr. is designed.— T. C. Strickland, East Green-
kind ever issued.— Prof. Clay D. Slinker, wich Academy, East Greenwich, R. I.
We have used your Letter Writing and Les- Shorthand Instructor, High School, Des
sons six years, and find them the best pub-
Moines, Iowa. We consider Everybody's Dictionary the
lished—an invaluable help to a commercial Your Commercial Law is the best treatise best we have yet discovered for our short-
teacher.— Sisters of Charity, St. Aloysius on the subject that I have ever seen. The hand students to uSe. The print is very
College, Jersey City, N. J. subject is presented in a clear, yet interest- plain and the arrangement of words is so
ing, manner, and the ground is well covered. convenient that a student can look up a
It gives me great pleasure to state that It is a practical and up-to-date text.— C. T. J. word quickly and accurately. We keep
your Spelling and Letter Writing continues Dougherty, Prin. of Schools, Bingham, 111. them in stock at all times, and advise the
to give most excellent satisfaction in our students to purchase them for use here and
college. We
used several hundred copies Your Typewriting the best
Instructor is after they leave school.— F. B. Richardson,
last year, and hope to double the number thing in that line I ever examined.— Prof. Dean of Burdette College, Boston, Mass.

For further testimony and a description of all our publications, write for illustrated catalogue, mailed free
to any address.

THE PRACTICAL TEXT BOOK COMPANY

476 EUCLID AVENUE CLEVELAND, OHIO

I C^:^n''~£''7^€^^^U.''^ ^-'^Z^ ^ic€--^~^<.'dy^L£^^yr^ .^<.<.^-t--£c- ^^^L€Z''>Zy^ yT^-cn^C' C^^h^73.-CCd~C^?T..£^^G^-€4.'C'*!i^t^^^^

 f^^^3^ud/n^d^(i!(/iu^i/^ ^

GILLOTT'S PENS,
THB MOST PERFECT OF PXITS,

HAVE GAINED THE

GRAND Paris Exposition, 1906.
PRIZE,
^^li Is the Highest Prize ever Awarded to Pens.

MILLS'S
CORRESPONnENCE SCHOOL
OF PENMANSHIP
Is helping scores of ambi-
tious people to acquire a
fine style of penmanship at
home. We are ready to help
YOU also. Send stamp for
information.
E. C. MILLS
1 95 Grand Ave , Rochester, N. Y.

Know
How to
File
Document
—Legal Bl
Card Records
Credit Report:
Deposit Tickets
Insurance Policies
Books —Report
Samples —Check
Clippings —Invoices
Notes— Letters-Papers
Simijly check the items tliat

id,section of 24-iKch blade

of shading photo engraved
by aid of this square with a
lines being separated at
and made as rapid as by free
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or factory detail. And do it NOW.

'
Tim SIHn-WllKER rOllPAST, noatFKOn. Mleh.
iBrancb at Chicago in Uie Marquette lluiliUiii;.

I d^Sz^J-^f^rii.i^^i'^s/ a^^z^ ^Su-./^^^c^'/L^'-nf ^co-t^ ^i-d^n^ ^<i«>j<^ /i-y ^'loT^i^-yV'^k-v^-t-iyyt^ a%^ /Stfcgtt^>;.&^<:y(£^g:^<-€:<z^i!^r7' |
 f^^3^ud/neU^^f/iu^i^^ ^
CSTGRBROOK'S PE:NS " Easy to write with. _.— Hard to use up."
CORRECT DESKiN UNIFORM TEMPER DURABILITY

IS MY SPECIALTY
150 STYLrCS
I will rite your name on 1 doz. carets for 15c.
A pack of sanipl i to agents for a red
stamp. Agents wanted A 1 Professional
BLANK CARDS. 100 blank cards 16 colors, Text Writehs ^^^ Businkss and CoLLE(iE
postpaid. 1,000 blank cards by express, 75c Fine pointed and elast
Made in.3 widths and with long '"j'.'i fl?« ^'^^ extra tine points
bottle black, glossy ink, 1.5c. 1 bottle white i for card writing
point to both left and right Elastic and smooth writing
15c. I oblique pen holder, lOc,

W^. A. BODE,
27th St.. S. S.. Pittsburg.
E^sterbrook Steel Pen Mf^. Co.
26 John St.. N. Y. City C&mclen. rfe-^v Jersey

^E> are; I<EA.DE:RS in the

line of liigh grade DIPLOMAS and '..^^n^im^^i/^
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m^^gl^^l^^^k ""y^^/ip^ a^^
HOWARD m. BROWN.
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^^^5^^

n^^ui^fz^:^'—

FSM£^ST PENMANSHIP SVPPLrlES OBTAINABLrC

On goods listed below we pay postasre on those that g-o by mail and purchaser pays carriage charges on those that go by expreas or freight.
course the cheapest way is to order in fair sized quantities and have them go by freight.

PENS AND HOLDERS. BY MAIL, PREPAID. CARDS, INK. PAPER. ETC.

Zanen'an Fine Writer Pen—The best Gillott's Lithographic Pen No. 290 Blank Cards— White bristol with Zanerian Pen, Pencil, and PaintinS
and finest fine writint: pen made^best —One of the finest pointed drawir penmanship.
finest surface for fine Pad. and Port/olio, for sketching,
for enerossing, card writing' and all fine pens made. 6 pens 25c. 3 pens I."
Hm by -28c drawing, and water color painting.
mail postpaid---
script work. Gross |l,00, !+ gross 25c. by express '
75c Contains 40 sheets for-- $ .40
Gillott s Crow Quill Pen No. 659 5(Kl
By mail 20 cents extra -- .60
Very tine points. 6 pens 25c, 3 pen; 1000 by express. $1.35
-15c
Zanerian India Ink— A fine drawing
Soennecken Lettering Pen — For Black Cards— Best made for white ink and best for preparing script and
making German Text, Old English, and ink. drawings for photo-engraVing.
ornamental. One of the best
pens for beginners in penmanship. allbroad pen letters. Set of 12— num- llX>by mail postpaid 28c bottle by mail, postpaid
I $ .30
jFOss H gross 25c. dozen 10c bers 1. 1'^, 2. 2H, 3, 3'-j, 5 and 6 5im by express 75c 1 dozen bottles by express
-1.
75c, 1
2.00
single pointed and 10. 20 and :W double KXK) by express-- $1.35
pointed --- 25c
Zanerian Medial Pen— A high-grade Arnold's Japan Ink— Nearly H pint
medium, extra smooth pen for business White Cardboard— Wedd'ins Bristol bottle by mail postpaid $ .40
writing. None better, lust right for for finepen work. Sheets are 22x28. 1 pint by express - 45
students and accountants. Gross 75c. I quart by express --- 75
6 sheets by express $ .60
% gross-- 25c Zanerian Oblique Penholder— Hanc 12 sheets by express 1.00
made, rosewood, 12 inches long, 2 sheets by mail postpaid 50 White Ink— Very fine.
Zanerian Business Pen— A smooth, beautiful and perfect holder. 1 holde
bottle by mail, postpaid $ .25
.urable, common sense business pen. 1

by express
For unshaded business writing, it has White Cardboard— WUh hard finish, 12 bottles 1.85
iCver been excelled, if equaled. Gross Fine Art Oblique Holder In: — much like ledger paper. Sheets are
5c, H gross 25c. 1 dozen 10c and fancy, hand-made, rosewood, 20Hx23. Writing Paper— Finest 12 lb. paper
by far the most beautiful holder ms 6 sheets by express $ .40
made. 960 sheets per ream, ruling wide
1 holder sent in a small and faint. ream by express $2.25
Gillott's Principality No. 1 Pen~A i

-$1.00
12 sheets by express .70 1

me writing pen. Gross $1.00, % gross 3 sheets by mail, postpaid- 50

25c. 1 dozen --- --I2c
Excelsior Oblique Holder— The best
Writing Paper —
Same quality as
above mentioned but 10 lb. per ream.
low-priced oblique holder made. Many Black Cardboard— Finest for whii 1 ream by express $2.00
Gillott's Double Elastic E. F. No. hundreds of gross have been sold. k. Sheets are 22x28.
604 Pen— A medium fine writing pen.
Jross75c. % gross 25c, 1 dozen lOc 6 sheets by express --$ .f
. .

12 sheets by express -- - ."i

Practice Paper— Best for the money
% gross - 1,10 2 sheets by mail, postpaid to be had. I ream by express . - - $1 .50
Gillott's Magnum Quill E. F. No. 1^2 gross 2.15
^.

Send stamp
607 Pen— A business pen. Gross $1.00,
for samples of paper.
1 gross 4.25
K gross 25c, dozen --12c Wedding Paper— Finest for penmar
1

Straight Penholder — Cork tipped ship or drawing. Sheets are 21x33. Envelopes —
Gillott's No. 303 E. F. Pen— Used and best for business writing, flourish- 6 sheets by express -....$ ,.^ 100 fine blue by mail, postpaid-- $ .40
largely for drawing purposes. Gross ing, etc. 1 holder 10c. 6 holders 40c, 12 12 sheets by express .7 UX) fine white by mail, postpaid... .40
$1.00, % gross 25c, 1 dozen 12c holders - 65c 3 sheets by mail, postpaid 5 1000 either kind, by e.^press 1.50

We handle the best and can s : you money. Cash must accompany all orde Pricea are too low to keep accounts.
Remit by money order, orstamp5 for small a

Address, ZANER (Si BLrOSCR, COLVMBVS, OHIO.

I Cf2:l^'Z*i!>-7'lCc.d-£.<>\/ d^-ri^ 7^C<..^-^^..d.,'/l^£.'^^ ^^'^.^t.^ ^L^e^-'TT^/^ yy-^P-tt^ C7%.<t 73^t<.^i^t^'>'Zu^l^€is:Ct,t'€>^l.'^<r7^.
j
 Correct vs. Incorrect Business Practice.
The conflict between commercial text books which give practical and correct information in regard
to methods of transacting business, and those which do not is as keen today as it was twenty years ago.
A knowledge of what is the best practice in methods of accounting, and of the accepted customs, prac-
tices and usages which control in business affairs can only be attained by that familiarity with business

affairs which comes from a long practical experience.

The authors of the Sadler-Rowe commercial publications HAVE HAD
THIS PRACTICAL
EXPERIENCE. The authors of a large majority of the texts issued by other publishers have not —
and that accounts for the difference. In the Sadler-Rowe books you will find nothing that is specu-
lative and theoretical.

Commercial and Industrial Bookkeeping, Business Bookkeeping and Practice, Commercial Arith-
metic, Essentials of Arithmetic, Richardson's Commercial L aw, Macfarlane's Commercial Geography,
Lister's Budget of Writing Lessons, and Earnest's English-Correspondence are books that reflect to an
unusual degree the correct methods of procedure which are followed in the transaction of business.

NEW RAPID SHORTHAND, and BILLING'S SYNTHETIC SHORTHAND

(Graham-Pitmanic), are two books worthy the attention of all shorthand teachers.

Full information in regard to our publications will be supplied to teachers and school officers on
application. Inquiries from students will not receive attention. Address all communications to the

SADLER-ROWE COMPANY, Baltimore, Maryland.

LYONS' COMMERCIAL LAW

Is the leading work on
the subject. It is the leading work, not because it contains more law than any

other, but because the law is so stated and the book is so arranged that the pupil may get more from it
that he can assimilate than he can get from any other. From this standpoint the book is without a peer.
Those who are seeking a better text on this subject than they are now using will not fail to find it
in this book.

Of the same high order are

MODERN COMMERCIAL ARIJHMETiC,

MODERN BUSINESS SPELLER,
COMPLETE TOUCH TYPE\\RITING INSTRUCTOR,
DICTATION STUDIES.
The last is now furnished in five systems.

Full information concerning any of our books can be had for the asking. Address,

POWERS & LYONS ^£lV YORK

*^^f3Bu4/n^d^^4/iu^iifr* ^
 f^^r3^Ud/nedd/^(/iU^l^^ ^
School A BUSINESS SPELLER
Adverttsifig 120
A comprehensive little Book on Spelling-,
pages of words most frequently seen in
business correspondence. Divided into les-
I am in the School Advertising sons of fifty words each. Several lessons of
business. For more tliun ten years words pronounced alike, but spelled differ-
ently. Just the thing for the school room.
1 have made a specialty of the
Sample copy sent postpaid for 25 cents.
business of iiilerosting young
peojile in ediicaiional work.

If you are in the school busi-

BUSINESS LETTER WRITING
ness, 1 want you to send for a copy
of my " 1 Will "' Folder. It con- One of the neatest and brightest little
tains information in regard to works on Commercial Correspondence.
Unlike anything else published. Write for
Ihe service I oiler. It will inter- sample pages. Single copy sent postpaid
est vou. It's Free. for fifty cents.

Other books published are " Musselman's

Catalogues, Booklets, Ads, Follow-up Practical Bookkeeping," "High School
Systems Designed, Written, Printed; Bookkeeping," "Commercial Law,"
rigfht placing: and distribution advised.
"Commercial Arithmetic."

Try a Box of Musselman's

c. c. re:arick Perfection Pens, 25 cents.

School-Adveiiising Speci&ltst. THE D. L. MUSSELMAN PUB. CO.

Masonic Temple, CHICAGO, ILL. QUINCY, ILLINOIS.

START YOUR CLASSES RIGHT IN THE NEW YEAR

THE LEADING COMMERCIAL PUBLICATIONS ARE OF THE WILLIAMS
& ROGERS SERIES AND THE LEADING SCHOOLS INDORSE AND USE
Modern Business Penmanship Modern Illustrative Bookkeeping
Modern Illustrative Banking (Published in three Courses)
New Commercial Arithmetic Office Routine and Bookkeeping
Commercial Arithmetic (Published in two Courses)
Mental Commercial Arithmetic New Practical Grammar
Gano's Commercial Law Seventy Lessons in Spelling
New Complete Bookkeeping Correspondence
New Introductive Bookkeeping Business Law
First Lessons in Bookkeeping Business Arithmetic
Piatt'sPitmanic Shorthand Instructor PenAVritten Copies, Reproduced
Enslish Punctuation New Civil Government of the U.
Studies for Letters
HI: Books, Vouchers and Business Forms for the above Bookkeepinf Systems
Another new book in the Williams & Rogers Series
GANO'S COMMERCIAL LAW
Half Leather, Octavo, 398 Pages, $1.00
A
work which fully meets the requirements of progressive business schools. The subject
matter is sound commercial law and the illustrations of the principles are actual cases that
have been decided bv the courts. .

For further particulars, address

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY
Commercial Publications Department.
NEW YORK CINCINNATI CHICAGO
See our exhibit at the National Commercial Teachers' Convention, Chicago Business College, Chicago,
December 27, 28, 29.

I ^/S^^*tS^?"2i^c<i^^<^ ci^^t^ lQn^^-^t-<iy^i^^'<^ -*<*t^^ ^z.a^'ny/e' ^^i<?£o O^'ii 7^'COi.<y9ZX^j£^^cCccyC*Z'£<r7r

 ^^^^Uii/n^dS^^/iu^aifr* ^
fT ^^
"THE BEST."
So Say all Teachers of Shorthand who have Examined the New Book,
From a Village Store in Minnesota
TO

THE A High School in Philadelphia

looks like a long leap, and it stretches even
It

Phonographic Amanuensis, credulity to accept it, but it is absolutely true that a

splendid teacher who dropped out of the work some
A Presentation of Pitman Phonography, More time ag'O and went into business, enrolled with us
Especially Adapted to the Use of Business and
October 17, from a village of 1300 people in Minnesota,
Other Schools Devoted to the Instruction and
Training of Shorthand Amanuenses.
and on November 1— on our recommendation, at the
personal request of the superintendent — he began
By JEROME B. HOWARD. teaching in a fine high school in one of the most
attractive residential districts of Philadelphia, at a
salary of $100 a month, but — /;< is an excellent fencliei
With a Prefatory Note by
BENN PITMAN. and we personally knew it some years ago.
The "Phonographic Amanuensis" is the hest hook of shorthand ever
However, this is only a striking type of the kind of
publisht so far as I am able to judge, and I have studied several difTer- help we have been giving right along. If you are agood
ent systems. —
//', P. Potter, Souifnvesterii Business College, St. Louts.

The "Amanuensis" \s great in every respect, and I consider it the hcst

teacher, and can demonstrate it, we should be glad to
—
shorthand book ever puhlisht. f/ii L. Courtney, Ostorne's Business have you on our list. No fees except the usual com-
College, Augusta, Ga.
Our shorthand teachers pronounce it the best book ever publisht—y, t". mission for accepted positions. You have everything
Olson, President Parsons Kan.) Business College. to gain, nothing to lose, by being enrolled with us.
I have examined other books, but the " Phonographic Amnnuensis" suits
me best. H. J. Nelson, Latter-day Saints' University, Salt Lake City. Purely as a business proposition, why not do it now?
I think your " Amanuensis" is the best book of the age in the shorthand We shall have numerous good vacancies for January 1.
Wnt,.— Clarence Goodrich, Tennessee Industrial School, Nashville, Tenn.
Blanks and handsome prospectus for three two-cent
Hundreds of others.
stamps.
Cloth, $i.oo. Examination copy will be sent for forty
cents to any teacher who will write mentioning The National Commercial Teachers' Agency
the school with which he is connected.
A Specialty by a Spe

THE PHONOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE COMPANY, E. E. Gaylord, Manager, Prospect Hill, Beverly, Mass.
CINCINNATI, O.
^ -^J

SPECIAL HOLIDAY OFFER

flq Appropriate Ctiristrnas Preseril for any Lover of Peqiriansliip-

Until December 24th, 1904, we have concluded to sell

ZANERIAN SCRIPT ALPHABETS

One of the most beautiful and valuable books on penmanship ever published,
for but $2.00 per copy postpaid, the regular price being $2.50. Or, for the
regular price of $2.50 we will furnish a copy of the book and the author, C. P.
Zaner, will letter or write therein the purchaser's name, or appropriate word-
ing for presenting; the work to another, in a style such as Zaner only can.
Zanerian Script Alphabets has been pronounced the greatest work on
penmanship issued since the New Spencerian Compendium of Penmanship
came from the press. It is a book of 116 pages, 9 by 12 inches, bound in
boards, and contains a great variety of specimens, representing the highest
degree of skill in penmanship reached by the leading masters or our time.
The fore part of the book contains the greatest variety of Alphabets ever
presented in a publication. Following these are presented numerous forms,
such as paragraphs, notes, and full-page letters, showing the application of
each particular style, or the appropriate use of it. In other words, it first
presents a slyle with painstaking instruction how to acquire it, and then gives the application of the style
m actual uses in letter-writing, signature and specimen work.
Most of the Alphabets are from the hand and pen of Zaner, but some of the other masters who contributed
specimens are: Lvman P. Spencer, H. \V. Flickinger, A. P. Root, L. Madarasz, F. B. Courtney, A. D. Tavlor,
K. C. Mills, C. E. Doner, C. C. Canan, and E. \V. Bloser.
A letter written by A. D, Taylor a short time before he died is presented facsimile, and is alone worth more
than the price of the book, as it is one of the finest, if not the finest, ever written by mortal hand. It is an
inspiration and a treasure to all lovers of the beautiful in penmanship.
A set of Mr. Taylor's ornamental capitals are also presented, and like his letter, appear in a penmanship
publication for the first time. For skillfulness in execution, originality, modernness, variety, and conciseness
of each style, this work stands alone — a veritable encyclopedia of penmanship — to be turned to for instruction
by the learner, for inspiration by the amateur, and for resourcefulness by the professional. The work is a gem
of the bookmaker's art, and many of the leading critics pronounce it the greatest penmanship publication of
modern days. Address, / ANtR & BIOSER, Publishers, Columbus. Ohio.

I
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 ^^^^u^iined^^f/iu^i^fir' ^

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j^

^ Every sagacious business man trims iiis sails to the new conditions.
Adaptability to changing conditions is the essence ol wisdom in these days
when events crowd themselves so closely upon one another.

^
Far-sighted commercial teachers have kept their eyes on the growth
of the Gregg Shorthand movement. They know that Gregg Shorthand is so
strongly fortified by its strength and achievements that nothing can stem the
lide of its progress, and that it is growing and growing by l)Ounds and leaps.
They know also that the demand for it by the schools and the public must
have made an enormous demand for teachers and it has. In fact, this great—
demand for teachers of it has inspired this advertisement we must have
more teachers. And while many teachers have been fully aware of the growth
of Gregg Shorthand, the opportunity for taking up the work has not been
presented to them —
or it did not seem expedient. But that need not deter
them longer.

*l There are many reasons why commercial teachers should learn Gregg
Shorthand;

^ First, the demand for teachers who can teach both Gregg Shorthand
and the commercial branches is so great that we cannot satisfy it — this from
the business point of view.

^ Second, Gregg Shorthand is more easily taught and involves less of

mental and physical strain in the teaching than any other system this from —
the view-point of personal welfare.

^ Third, it is preeminently the system of results —

results to teacher,
results to student, results to school — this from the view-point of personal
satisfaction.

^ Andthere are many other reasons. Our '"Proposition to Teachers"

will you how you can obtain a complete course of instruction in Gregg
tell
Shorthand without any expense whatever it is worth finding out about, —
and more it is worth doing.

the: GRCGG PVBLrlSHINO COm

Chicago •

I
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« ^^3Bud/ned^4iu^aUr* ^
SECOND EDITION REVISED AND ENLARGED
Officially Adopted by the New York Board of Education

A PRACTICAL COURSE IN
TOUCH TYPEWRITING
A SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF MASTERING THE KEYBOARD BY THE
SENSE OF TOUCH, By CHARLES E. SMITH
FOR SINGLE KEYBOARD MACHINE
LEFT HAND \ RIGHT HAND

SPECIAL FEATURES SPECIAL FEATURES

FAC-SMILE
BUDGET TYPEWPITER
PRAO- ICE EXERCISES
The exercises are arranged in A feature that will be thor-
the form of budgets whic h show oughly appreciated is the bold,
the exact amount of work to be clear typewriter trpe spe-
done by the student. riallj- cast for this work, from
Each budget marks a definite
stage in the student's progress
<§®®®®®®®''''- which the fac-simile typewriter
exercises are printed.
toward a complete rnasterj- of
the kevhiiiird.
R PETITION
C LORED CHART P-ACTICE
AND DIAGRAMS common
All the words in use
A specially designed chart are introduced in the form of let-
printed on heavily calendared ter^ for repetition practice.
cardboard with diagrams of the These letters are carefully
hands and keyboard accom- graded, and each one contains
panies each book. The chart is all the letters of the alphabet,
printed in five colors, and and in some cases the entire
enables the student to under- alphabet is repeated several
stand the fingering at a glance. times.

Price, 50 Cents Cloth, 75 Cents

Sample copy to Teachers on receipt of 38 or 56 cents

Published for Single and Double Keyboards

Write for Sample of PITMAN'S JOURNAL and "REASONS WHY."

ISAAC PITMAN & SONS

PUBLISHERS
31 UNION SQUARE WEST, NEW YORK
gj^" Publishers of "Isaac Pitman's Shorthand Instructor," $1.50. Exclusively Adopted by the Day

and Evening High Schools of Greater New York.

I C^^^v^^'Tit.a.^^^^ ez^'n,^ V^€t^^-'^t.tP^L£''TiJ -.^^^fi.^ i^^L<:wy2^ ,^y^&i^ /^^ ^'y?'L^''r^.^^^^tr'y^^o'^'t^ C7%wt 73>ccd<^0'Z.£^^S^E:Ct€yCi:z^cr.\
 COLUMBUS, O., DECEMBER, 1904.

THE BUSINESS EDCCATOli Roliday Greeting Cbat Official Program.

Entered at Columbus. Ohio, Post Office as Second Thanksgiving is just past, and we What are you thinking, what are
hope you have enjoyed it. Prosper- you doing about the matter of an
ity seems a most 'welcome visitor official program of the National
Published Monthly (except July and August), by
Zaner & Bloser, 118 N. High St.. Columbus. O.. as indeed this Presidential 5'ear. And Commercial Teachers' Federation ?
follows; Teachers' Professional Edition. $1.00 a 'we wish you one and all a share of it. Is it not high time to have one?
Year (Foreign Subscriptions .30 cents extra); Stud- Christmas is not yet at hand but
ents' Penmanship Edition. 65 cents a year, [Foreisrn Would you not like to have between
Subscriptions 20 cents extra). will be passed ere we visit you again, two covers a complete, authentic re-
and we therefore now wish each and port of the various meetings, and a
C. P. Zaner, Columbus. O. Editoi every one of \-ou a right Merry Christ- copy of each paper read there ?
E. E. Gavlord. Beverly. Mas - Associate Editor
mas indeed. And, moreover, we
E. W. Bloser. Columbus. O. Business Manager Would you not prize it above any
wish that you may carry the merry other professional book ?
Address all communicatioi
Columbus. O.. except those i
cheer and plenty with you throughout You can have it, if 3'ou talk for it,
ments. which may be sent to ] the coming year. and work for it, and pay for it.
Those who have attended the meet-
Two Editions. 1 SINESS EDICATOR is
ings since the membership fee was
published in two editi he Teachers' Profes-
sional Edition contair irmore pat'es. 16 of Professional Certificate raised from one to two dollars an-
which are conducted Department plan and nually, have paid for the report only
specially suited to the f teachers, principals, After carefully considering the
and proprietors. Colo •ed titl. pace. Price $1.00 a to see the money used for other
yea matter, we have concluded to offer purposes. It would seem that there
The Students' Penmanship Edition contain 32 a Certificate for Professional Pen- were but one of two courses to pur-
pages and is the same as the Professional Edition, manship to those who desire to work
less the sixteen pages devoted to the Departments sue by those in authority, which is to
of Commercial Teaching. This edition is specially up to a hi.gher degree of proficiency either publish the report as was
suited to students in Commercial. Public and than is expected of students in busi- promised when the annual fee was
Private schools, and contains all of the Penmanship. ness colleges. Already a number are
Engrossing, Pen Art. and Lesson features in the doubled, or return to the dollar rate.
Professional Edition. Price 65 cents a year. working for it. This is something We would rather pay annually $5.00
young penmen will do well to strive and get an official report than to pay
Change of Address. you change your ad-
If for, as very generally recognized
it is $1.00 and .get none. And there are
dress, be sure to notify us promptly (in advance, if that Columbus is headquarters for
possible', and be careful to give the old as well as
many more who would prefer to do
the new address. We
lose many papers each issue fine penmanship. the same. But it can be published
through negligence on the part of subscribers. For this Professional Certificate a for two dollars.
Back Numbers cannot, as a rule, be supplied. charge of $1.00 instead of 50 cents
Postmasters are not allowed to forward journals The dignity of our profession de-
unless postage is sent to them for that purpose. will be made. serves a record of the proceedings of
These certificates can be secured its National Association. Now is
The Business Educator is devoted to the pro- by following either Jlessrs. Doner's, the time to begin. Delay means loss
gressive and practical intere= ts of Business Educa- Currier's or Tamblyn's lessons, and
tion and Penmanship. A jo jrnal whose mission is of prestige at home, at Washington,
to dienify. popularize, and improve the world s by measuring up to the Columbus and among other educational asso-
ion. It purposes to standard in penmanship matters. ciations and institutions.
inspire and instruct both pu pil and teacher, and to
further the interests of those engaged in the work.
in private as well as in publi c institutions of busi-
ness education.

Rates to Teacliers, Agents, Club

I2.aisers sent upon application. \Vr
whether you are in a position to send
subscriptions. Sample copies fu shed
subscriptions.
Considering that The Bu5I^ ESS Educator is
high grade in every particular that progressive,
practical lessons in penmanship distinctive
feature of the magazine: that departme
est and helpfulness in subjects relating
Education are found only in The Blsiness Edu-
cator, you will readily see that it is not only
the best but the cheapest, when quality, character
and Quantity are considered.

Advertising E.ates furnished upon application.

The Business Educator being the highest grade
journal of its class, is purchased and read by the
most intelligent and well-to-do among those inter-
ested in business education and penmanship, in the
United States. Canada. England, and nearly every
country on the globe. It circulates, not alone among
business college proprietors, teachers, and pupils,
but also among principals of commercial depart-
ments of High Schools, Colleges and Religious
Schools, as well as among office workers, home
students, etc.
 ^^^f!^uJi/ieU^iS(/iu^i^r ^
Penmen — ebicado. you at the present time, which, if Cbc 6uesser$
recognized and grasped, will lead
Now is the time to plan so as to be you on to success. The specimen of business "writing tliat
in attendance at the National Pen- The opportunities we have in mind appealed on page eight of our November
manship Teachers' Association in are mere fragments compared with number called forth quite a few guesses as
the finished whole, but they lead to who wrote it. The following named
Chicago Christmas holida}- week. persons were the lucky ones, correctlj'
A roj'al good time awaits you let — successward as surely as the needle guessing the name of the author of the
us make it an ever-to-be-remembered points northward. One of these is specimen, S. M. Blue, and one dozen written
time. Everything indicates a most the opportunity to learn to spell, cards were sent to each by Mr. Blue, as
interesting and enjoyable time. This punctuate, captialize, and construct agreed:
is the annual festival of and for pen- sentences well. This, alone, is a W. H. Vigus. Westerleigh Collegiate In-
men — make it a big, glorious success lever which pries open many oppor- stitute, Xew Brighton, N. Y.
by being there, by preparing to take tunities which lead ultimately to en- John M. Peterson, Eastman College,
viable positions. Another oppor- Poughkeepsie. X. Y.
part, and by adding to its social G. E Miller, Mt. Morris. 111.
cheer. tunity that awaits quick-witted youth A. Elston. Canton. Mo.
J.
The program committee a compe-
is is that of simple, rapid, accurate J. M. Holmes, Canton, O.
tent and "earnest one, and the result mathematics. Great, long, abstract J. C. Estlack. Cape Girardeau. Mo.
is a fine feast for feather swingers. problems are not in demand, but G. F. Roach, Beaumont, Texas.
Penmen and penmanship are re- short, sure, quick numbers are. Numerous other persons who guessed,
ceiving more attention today than Still another opportunity is at your but missed, believed tlie following named
penmen to be the writer of the specimen
ten years ago — they are both in de- door— writing. Good writing is now
in question: N. H. Wright, F. B. Courtney,
mand. Re there and become ac- within the reach of all. And no
C. S. Jackson, E. W. Bloser, A. R. Burnette
quainted with the leading" penmen of other element of an education \in\\ and D. B. Winters.
the world as well as with the men unlock the door of so many oppor-
who employ penmen, and who are tunities as a good handwriting.
usually on the lookout for ability. Look well, therefore, about your Jl Penman's Banquet
Socially, professionally, economi- own door for opportunities before
cally, you'll be the gainer by being looking afar for some imaginary From President Hinman we learn that the
in attendance at the greatest gather- golden way to immediate success. penmen are to get together Wednesday
ing of its kind in the world. The fair mistresses of bookkeeping evening at some place yet to be determined
Come, let us have a good time !
and shorthand lure many young men upon and have a banquet all to tliemselves
and women past the opportunities with a "heap of fun" thrown in afterwards.
previously mentioned, only to disap- The price will be popular. It will not be a
two or three dollar affair. This is another
Cbc Golden jflse. point as does the pot of gold at the attraction, and, an additional reason why
end of the rainbow. you should be at Chicago. Be sure to bring
This, without question, is the age Do not misunderstand us. No one a little after dinner speech with you.
of gold. Some say it is the rule of values bookkeeping and shorthand Only those who have attended similar
gold, but be that as it may, it still more highly than we do, but while meetings and banquets know of the good-
remains true that this is the golden acquiring them see to it that you do will and joy which abounds there. Petty
not neglect the fundamentals of an jealousies are thrown aside, many of them
age. Not only is this true of that forever.
which relates to material wealth, but education, business or any other. It
of that which relates to well-being in has been well said again and again,
education, advancement, and charac- and truthfully mathematics
so, that
Program national Penmansbip
ter. is the foundation of bookkeeping, Ceacbers' Jlsseciation
This is the golden age because and language is the foundation of
wealth iscreated as never before in shorthand. Tl'E.sr>.\V. IIECEMBER L'T

the history of the world. Wealth is Be not thus deceived. Look well i<:UO.\. .•>!. Registration of .Members.
not only created, but no small por- to the old but ever reliable three «: 15 A. ?I. President's Address, A. H. Hin-
tion is consecrated to the service of " R'_s " —Reading, Riting, and Rith- man. Worcester. Mass.
(1:30 A. ?I. "After the Lesson, What?"
mankind in manifold ways. Never in metic, now knowlas practical English, M D. Fulton." Auburn. R. I.
all historj' has wealth poured so writing, and mathematics. These 10: 1.5 A. M. Incentives to Effort," discus-
sion ooened by C. R. Tate. Cincinnati.
lavishly into the coffers of hospital, form a trinity at once invincible and 11 00 .-v. ?i.
: A Practical Writing Lesson b
asylum, school, and library as at the aggressive. With these as a foun- A. X. Palmer. Cedar Rapids, Iowa.
present day. dation you can withstand the usual ll:-iri.\. ?1. "For What Should the Black-
tests given apprentices or office as- board be Used?" General Discussion
This is the golden age because opened by J. C. Strassburger, Milwaukee.
education was never as free and the sistants, and they serve as well to
chances to secure it so numerous as push on to other positions and pro- WEDNESDAY, DKCEJIBER 28
at present. Ignorance is now a crime, motions which were impossible with- y:00A. ?I. "Plans for Getting Work From
whereas in the times of Columbus it out them. Pupils," J. K. Renshaw. Philadelphia.
Be wise. Look to your three R's. <):45A. "Lesson in Engraver's Script."
?t.
W3S the rule. H. G. Healey.New York City.
This is the golden age because of The Business Educator will help. 10:30 A. "Organizing and Teaching
M.
the opportunities offered one and all, Itinerant Writing Classes," Bert German,
Sandusky, Ohio.
unless it be those too old to recognize ILOOA.M. The Science of Accuiate Writ-
and grasp them. Every where, in all Good for Pbiladelpbia.
ing Demonstrated, A. H. Hinman. Wor-
lines of effort and human endeavor, cester, Mass.
Mr. Charlton \'. Howe, tiie premier of en 11:45 A. ?I. Speed Cotitest, by all members
opportunities await young men and grossitigsiript. and the skiUful. able advo present.
women of worth. Opportunity, like cate of simpliHfd writing, through the in THURSDAY. DECEMBER 'JSI

golden leaves in autumn, are strewn fluence of Messrs. Patten and Flickinger
about us, and await our gathering. has been appointed assistant teacherof pen !):00A. ?I. "Business Penmanship." C. N.
Crandle, Chicago.
Too frequently we look afar for nianship in the Evening Central High fl:4nA. M. "The L'nderlving Principles of
some opportunity to seize which School of Philadelphia. No more capable, Lettering and Ornamental Writing.'*^ C. P.
shall bring us fortune. Unfortun- conscientious aiul progressive teacher could Zaner, Columbus, Ohio.
have been found for tlie place. We shall 10:30 A.M. Discussion. " How to Get Re-
ately these usually prove as fleeting as look forward to results of a high order on sults in the School Room " — Subject opened
the^ proverbial rainbow pot of gold. the part of thos.' who receive his instruc- by D. S. Hill, Minneapolis, Minn.
Young man and young woman, you ti.)n. We congratulate tlie pupils who may 11:45 A. M. " Automatic Shading Pen Let-
conie under his charge as possessing oppor- tering bv the Auto Man," C. A. Faust, New
are overlooking opportunities about tunities enjoyed Ijy but few. York City.
 '^--K>^^^^'m^^^yjm^^^.xm^.^m-'y-m:^^m:-i^^^^

PROGRESSIVE
LESSONS IN 23u5tness Pcnmansl^tp
Supei \-isor ofWrit- Work for criticism
the Beverly, should be mailed
to Mr. Doner by
iss.,Public fifth of each
Schools. \<:>CJl9-9-7^€^y- month

If you are beginning this course now, please send me a specimen of your writinfc and figures to preser\e lor futtire reference
I wish also to sav a word to tliose who have begun these lessons. Practice the lessori."^ faithfully and persistently to the end of
the course, which will be until about next June. Don't gire up. I hope that a great many will "receive the certificate. It is worth
worlting hard for. I am glad to hear from so many who have begun on this course, and I hope I may hear from many more.
In the most of my criticisms of the work which has thus far been sent to me I have said to the pupils that they should noii*
try to apply what movement they have already created to the writing of small letters, figures, and words using small letters. In
most cases'tlie movement exercises are exceptionally well made, but the application of this movement to small letter and word
writing is somewhat deficient. And right here a very serious and important point presents itself. It is one thing to execute
movement exercises beautifully and accurately with a free arm movement, but quite another thing to be able to apply this move-
ment to general writing of words, sentences, paragraphs, etc and get satisfactory results- Between these two- abilities I'll say-
,

there is a great gulf. Xow how can it be bridged? I think it can be done by following two methods. First, by practicing on
exercises with a free, rapid arm movement, which lead directly to letters. For instance, the exercises in plate 6, in the October
number lead directly to the small letters, /, u, ir, e, n. tn. .v and i-. Do you notice this? Secondly, by making, especially the small
letters and figures, the letters large so as to create volume of motion, and then reducing tlie letters and figures in size, still con-
tinue using the arm movement in their execution. So, in all your practice, try to put to letters, figures,
combination of letters, etc., the movement you generate in making the letters large and in r cises. Keep the weight
off the right arm so as to have perfect freedom in gliding the hand and pen from letter to ss the page. When yon
send me your practice work, state a few of your worst difficulties, and I will do uw liest to :i

do the u-nrk.
Plate 18
In this plate all the loops above the line are made i)f )rd riting. Make loop quickly with nearlj- all arm
movement, slop on the lini', then glide freely to the next letter. Here a point ti) think abo' Take the word linen, for
instance, there shou'd be five noticeable stops on the line, viz., at the botto of /, i, the second do troke in «, e, and the second
down-stroke in the last letter. The ending stroke should be made quicklj- Observe this point in writing nil
, Kut, remember, between the noticeable stops, the movement must be free

Plate 19
Exercise 1 serves as a good drill before taking up t, d and p. With the arm working in-and-out of the sleeve on the muscle,
it should be made with a fairly rapid movement. As shown in line 2, some like to begin as in the first letter, while others prefer to
begin as in the third oue. The words, "tuue," 'dime," ' pain," should be written with wide spacing between -^the letters. The
_..-.,i.„ ._ „
noticeable
^.^ ^stops in
^. ...„ the word "tune" would be
... writing -. -- at the bottom
_> _- -— of the t. second down-stroke
- . i-stroke in u, secon-"
and a^t tlie bottom of e. Between the letters, glide the hand and pen freely, keeping the weight oflf the hand and ard"
Ili lid be written with medium spacing between tlie Ifftc

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 f^^3Bu^//t^U^^d(u^i/^ ^
Plate 20
These are good words, using what letters we have thus far taken up. In line «, second word, is what is known as the final d,
made with a loop. Curve the downward stroke and make it quickly. What is known as the final t is used in the last word in
line 3, Stadj' the copy, observe, and study it again.

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Plate 21
This is what I call valuable for establishing a free and easy movement used in writing small
the small e exercise. It is
letters and in writing words of small letters. Look at thetn closely. See how closely together the little e's are made. Give them
the right slant and end with the right kind of stroke. The exercises across the lines in the middle are what I rail the small ii
and in exercises. Practice faithfully on this plate.

This is a good review on the v and B'. Notice where the letters come in the words in going across the lines. t>ne object to be
gained in writing across the lines in this way is that it is valuable in teaching spacing in and between letters. Give the plate
careful attention.
 ^^^rS^ud^n^^^^i^t/^r* ^
Plate 23
ill linil that tlie practice on the exercises and words in Plate 21 and 22 v ill be of great value and help to you in
in this plate. Write tliese words without taking the pen from the paper.

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eritieistns
E. W. A., Pa. — Send me your practice work from the lessons each month so that £ offer criticisms if needed.
C. T. A., W. Va. — You are doing well. You make your illiptical exercises too nearly round.
S. G. B., Ohio —
Glad to get your practice work. You are doing well. Keep at it. Make your elliptical exercises lighter.
S. O. C, S. Dak. — Glad to get your letter and practice work. Give as much time as you can to penmanship. It will pay you
You are doing well. Go for the smaller letters vigorously.
C. S. C. Ohio — Glad to get your letter. I appreciate what you say. are doing quite well, but let me suggest that you
ought to vrite with a free, light moveri lent. You bear down too heavily ur pen. Keep the weight off of your hand and arm
and write with a lighter movement.
E. W. D., Mich.- I am greatly pleased ith your practice work. You seem to have more tha a ordinary ability for penmanship,
I shall answer your good letter later on.

L. B. D., R. I. — Your practice work pleases Keep right on, but be careful not to work toe hard. Learn to save yourself, and
yet do faithful work.
H. L, D., Wis. — Your work pleases me. I would suggest that you slant your elliptical exercises a little more. You seem to have
excellent ability for penmanship. 1 recommend the Zanerian to you. Why
don't you take a course in the Zanerian and become one
of the best penman in the country and then supervise the work like myself? If this appeals to you, 'tart by saying " lean and I will.''
W. H. D., Can. — You are doing good work. Keep at it, and often say to yourself / will win. You have made wonderful progress
J. C. v.. W. Va. —
You are doing well. Keep at it. Make your small a more nearly pointed at the top.
M. N. F., la. —
Give more time to movement exercises, especially like those in the October number. Try to get a good usable move-
ment and then try to make your e.xercises and letters more accurate.
—
M. T. F., la. You need more work on movement. Work to make your exercises and letters more nearly like the copy. Study the
copy closely Get a good usable, controllable movement.
H. B. H., Pa. — Your work is better this month. Don't end your letters and words with a dot, but end the stroke while the pen is in
motion. I hope to see more improvement next time.
W. W., Pa. — You still need more movement. Y^ou write too slowly. Put more steam back of your pen. I'll look for a lighter-
smoother line next month.
F. W. B., Pa. —
Y'ou write too heavy. Don't press jn downward strokes. Give some time to movement exercises and learn to write
with more movement. See what you can do with this on the next lesson.
B. A. H., Pa. —
Your work is good. As soon as you can, learn to write with a faster movement. You write rather slowly, don't you ?
Keep right on.
A. H., Maine — You are doing better. lean see animpro%'ement in your work. Glad you will have more time this month for practice.
B. H., W. Va. — You are improving. I have no special suggestions to make. Keep at it.
A. M., R. I.— You are doing fine. Y'our small writing and figures are better. Success to you in your practice.
W. O'C, 111. — Your work is good. Reduce your small letter writing — it is too big. Did I receive your first specimen ?
C. D. P., Tex. — You are doing well con'^idering your hard work. See how much improvement you can make this month.
E. P., Ta.- You are doing first rate. Keep right on and see how much better you can do this month. I'm proud to have some one
send me worl* from Carlisle, for that is home town. mv
A. G. J., Nebr. — You have done well on lesson 1. Let me urge you to keep right'at it so as to win a certificate.
n. G. R., Md. — Y'ou are a gem — not of the ocean but of Baltimore. Your work is nicely done. Would you not like to work on a
smoother paper ? I think I should.
K. B., N. J. am glad you intend to follow the lessons. Send me your practice work each month for criticism.
I

H. B. S., N. — Glad to get your practice work. You need more careful work on movement. Make your elliptical
J. exercises more
compact, but don't press on the downward strokes. Send me s.>me more movement work with your ne.xt lesson.
J. S., Minn. — Your work is quite good. Use a blue-black fluid ink. Practise carefully on small letters and figures.
L. P. S.. Pa. — Y'ou are starting out nicely. Try to write lighter if you can.
L. E. S., Md. —
Your movement exercises are too heavy. Get a lighter touch if you can.
E. W. S., W. Va. —
Y'ou are doing well. Keep on and you will come out all right.
R. R. S., W. Va. —
Your work pleases me very much. You seem to have natural ability for penmanship. You ought to make
a good one.
L. C. T., Fla. — You needmore practice on movement exercises. Then try to apply a free, easy movement to your general writing.
E. U., W. Va. -- Y'ou are doing well. Keep right on.
D. S. W., Pa. — Your work is good. I have no special criticisms to make. You seem to have more than ordinary ability.
R. W., W. Va. — lean see an improvement in your work. Make your figure "8" by beginning witli the curved .-troke first- as = i

the dollar sign.

 f^^f3Bu4//mU^&/iU^iiiT- ^
'^'WMmi'MdmwimiM'^'^'i

lessons in Practical IDriting

TRENTON, N.J Students' Speci
Rider-Moore mens criticised
and Stuart through the
School of B. E.
Business.

The loop of M and X should be well separated from downward stroke. You will find that these letters look much better if tlie>
are narrow. Get as many as you can to the line. It pays to be systematic.

P/af-£.XZl

^'Tf

Make many lines of 1 and .1 before attempting the capital. Have down strokes of W well separated at lias< and pause slightl\
at tViose point? each time. Do not curve stem of Z much; also aim to have the loop at base line point upward.

7^/a^e Yjl

The stem for Q and ,V are the

the capital C.
 The lower loop letters are tint difficult. Slant the letters well and aim to have the beginning of dr vnwarri stroke straight.
Never use the abbreviated form at the beginning of a word.

Plate 25
rapidly in order to get a light, strong line; but don't scribble. Here where a good
Words should be practiced quite freely and
novement makes work a pleasure. The top z is like the small n in the first division. That part of it straight and curved loop.
II f^^f^3Bu^/t^j^&/iu^i^ ^
Currier's erltieisms.
T.J. S., Boone, Ta. — Your work this time iileases , me exceedingly. You are on the right road. Practice large movement
exercises frequently.
E. J. McC.-- Your movement is free enough. Study form more and take plenty of time to do each linejustice. Keep it up.
L. R. N., Mont.~l am well pleased with your last lesson. Don't get minimum letters too small. Keep movement uniform— don't
hurry.
E. E. W., N. J.— You write with a strong movement, but I would a lighter line and that yon write more compactly. Practice the
elipse. Study details closely.
E. B. S.. Pa. -The last lesson shows much iinproveint-nt. Keep at tlie movement exercises incessantly. I want to see you get a

certificate.

Sermoncfs or Supplcmentarv Copies bv Trancis B. dourtncv. Comment bv C P. Zaticr.

Well put, "A friend in need is a friend indeed," is the little leather covered book. AH praise to the bank book. It is a
modren product and a modern need.
In the bank booi of life we enter deeds, energies, and thoughts as deposits instead of money. A good handwriting, or
a poor one, is recorded there. A good one goes on the credit side; a poor one on the debit. Need I say more ?

or do evil and escape punishment. Your acts will tell in time for good or evil. Your writing, too, « ill tell.
You cannot think
If it is will grow grace lines in the countenance from beholding the grace lines on paper.
good it Good writing is a delight, while
poor writing is a displeasure. Poor writing adds burdens to the reader and thereby sliortens life. Do you wish to rob mortals
of lifer Then write well and you'll lengthen rather than shorten same. Try it.
 Practical Business IDriting s\
ds Clpplicb to Business ^orms
'—f^-iL^^

SorTH Fra?iivgha?i, Ma>s.

This is a continuation of Lesyiui IV. In practicinji. keep good position, free it of arm. Pay close attention to your
writing. Keep even margins.

---t>-^^-'^-i^ ^,-^-';i>^^^--^^'-7'2-^^
i<*
f^^^ud/n^J^(udfu^i/ipr* ^
Quality of Paper. concern penmen, correst)ondence is pr^^
eminently at the head. It is his "moiith-
piece " in the truest sense of the word. And
There is a striking difference in the who else but the stenographer should be
quality of paper used by students in equally interested Miss Smith knows how
their penmanship practice. This is to teach touch typewriting, and, moreover,
particularly noticeable to one who re- she is in love with her subject. And she is
ceives practice work, and even speci- in love with it because she knows it, and
lias tried it, and it has not been found
mens, from students and penmen from
wanting. You want more of it under her
all parts of the country. Some of this
manipulation. He must be a dull or self
paper high grade in quality, much
is ning of a good handwriting will lead to
satisfied teacher who does not find some-
of it good, and not the smallest
is the landing of a successful position.
thing of interest in correspondence and
portion is poor. Now and then we Young man, young woman, opportunit3'
typewriting as presented in THE BuSl
isalready knocking at your door. Are you
receive practice written on paper that NESS Educator.
ready? Are you getting ready? If not,
is so soft and cheap that good work "get busy," and keep busy until you win.
on it is out of the question, even with Success is sure if present opportunity is
an expert, to say nothing of improve- utilized.
ttlr. Camblyn
ment at the hands of a student. \Vrite us if you have no teacher to encour-
As a student, desirous of learning age you. Failure is out of the question if The lessons in Artistic Writing by Mr.
to write well in the shortest possible you practice intelligently. Tamblyn is awaking no small interest. Not
Success follows striving. a few young penmen are following his
time, or to write the best possible
course of lessons with the determination of
hand, use a good quality of writing becoming expert professionals. You'll do
paper. Weight amounts to less than Ulbite, of auiney well to begin the work even now if you
quality. Dealers very frequently em- have not already done so.
phasize the weight of paper as though The series of lessons, " Articles in Practi- We have planned to give those who coui-
that determined the quality. Be not cal Mathematics," by Mr. W. E. White, of plete this work a Profest^ional Ctrtificate,
thus deceived. Price and profits are Quincy, 111., which were concluded in the announcement concerning wiiich will be
the determining factors. October number, were something out of the found elsewhere in this number. Read it.
ordinary. Nothing of their nature, typo- In the meantime follow faithfully and
The paper should be white, neither graphically and otherwise, have heretofore enthusiastically the work as he presents it
graj'ish nor a muddy yellow, smooth, appeared in a journal of this class. Mr. in his graceful manner.
firm, and not flimsy. Study paper as White set the type himself in Quincy and
well as penmanship and your writing sent us electrotypes from which the pages
will be the better for it. You can tell in Th£Busines,s Educator were printed. Partial e«ntetits of tbe Ceaebers' Pro^
whether the stock of which the paper We hereby express in a public way our fessional Edition.
was made was good or poor by hold- appreciation of his efforts and hope to have
ing the paper toward the light. It him with us again sometime in the future.
Associ.\TK Editor's Page.
should be clear rather than cloudy or
muddy. Paper should have a rattle Cbornburab Commercial Geography, by Frank
to it rather than a limp-like condition. O. Carpenter, Boston.
Price, however, alone will not deter- As you have perhaps noticed, our widely
mine the suitability of the paper for known and greatly beloved co-worker, Mr. Department of Bu.siness Practice,
penmanship practice. Be sure it is L. M. Thornburgh, has been striking some by Associate Editor, E. O. Folsom,
of the right kind as well as of the high and keys in his " Success
helpful and J. F. Hillman.
right quality. Paper may be good in Circle" department. Are you alive to the
quality but too rough or too smooth work he is doing? Why not use his page Commercial Law, W. H. Whigam,
for the best result.s in good writing. as a basis for some morning opening exer- Chicago.
Use your eyes and judgment in cise, or for some Friday afternoon talk, to
selecting paper for practice and im- awiiken and entliuse the souls under your Typewriting, by Miss Stella Smith,
provement in your penmanship. charge and influence? Thornburgh is a Simmons College, Boston.
specialist in moral awakening, as thous-
Strivina for Success
ands of successful young men can testify. Co.mmerctal Education, by Presi-
We i>ring you his message each mouth. dent Hadley.
Thousands of young men and women are Absorb it and then let your pupils have it
now working to win that Certificate of Pro- and all will be the happier and more suc- Report of N. E. H. S. C. T. Asso-
ficiency The Business Educator is offer- cessful for it.
CIATION.
,

ing to all who learn to write well. How

many will persevere until they possess it Business Ethics and Business Col-
eommereial 6eoarapby
remains to be seen. It is within the reach leges.
of all who prize it highly enough to work Who said Commercial Geography was a
for it.
History of Business Educators
dry, unwieldy, impracticable subject ? Not
Remember, we do not limit you as to so under the teaching of Mr. Frank O. Car- AND Penmen.
time. You may have six months or a year, penter, whose articles are being read and
or two years if need be, in which to win. Association Announcements, Pro-
studied by live commercial teachers. The
Do not therefore become discouraged if subject keeps expanding under his mar- grams, Etc
improvement seems slow. "Stick to your shalling of facts, both animate and in-
task," and follow your instructor's advice. animate. Even though lie does wander a
High School REyuiREMEXTS, E. S.
Whenever he thinks your work is good good distance from what has heretofore Colton.
enough have liim so certify and send it to been considered "commercial" geography,
us for inspection. If we concur, you may Typewriter Field Notes.
he never loses himself, nor do you lose
then send the fee of cents and the
fifty interest when he takes these side excur-
Certificate will follow.
Indiana Association Report.
If your work,
in our sions. .No other department in THE BUSI
estimation, is not good enough the weak NESS EDl'C.\TOR is looked forward to with Business Edication in Scotla.nu.
parts will be pointed out and more practice more interest than that of Commercial
may then follow until success is yours. Geography. Hymene.\l.
And remember the success is of double
nature: You win, first, a good handwrit- eorrespondenee and Cypewritina News Notes and Notices.
ing, which is worth at the least calculation
one thousand dollars, and you also win a The March of the Ped.-\gogues.
The departments of Correspondence con-
certificate which is worth at least its weight ducted by Mr. Altmaier, and of Touch Type- School .\nd Profession.\l.
in gold. Do you not now feel that you writing by .Miss Smith are both interesting
ouKbt to put fortli every ptTort lowiii ? Suc- and liel|ifiil. Of all subjects wliirli -lioolil Catalogs and Cirot'l.'krs.
 f^^^ud/n^^i^if/iu^iX^ ^
liow to Jlpply for a Position. tions other than commercial schools),
whether you are a successful disci-
In this discussion we plinarian, etc.
Conditions refer especially to writ- This topic affords an op-
ten applications made eeneral portunity to cover any-
by teachers for professional positions. thing that you want to
The candidate should not forget the include but that does not properly fall
conditions under which he is striving under any of the other heads such as, ;

to make a favorable impression. The willingness to teach in the evening;

many elements of that indefinable preference as to the nature of work
factor called personality are practic- The fact that you are trying to learn to be done; ability as a solicitor;
ally all wanting when the application how to operate the machine by touch, length of notice required before you
is not made in person. Bearing, yourself, is not a warranty for saying could accept a position salary you
;

tone, expression, size, vivacity, earn- that you can teach this method. The require, etc.
estness, energy, sincerity, reserve, fact is, the woods are not exactly full Send copies of your best
approachability, breadth of character, of real teachers of touch typewriting. Heferences testimonials, not the
ideals, dress, etc. —all must be Name the schools with originals. Do not send
guessed at when the applicant merely Experience which you have taught a ream of such documents, as is
writes, and so extreme care should long enough to have sometimes done. A few good letters
be used, for some slips in a written become identified with the policy of are far better than many ordinary
application will not be so readily the institution tell what you taught,
;
ones, and little is gained by duplica-
overlooked as they would be if, in a and why you discontinued' your work tion of testimony. But probably the
personal interview, several of the there. Do not think to pull wool over best thing an applicant can do is to
foregoing qualities had been demon- anybody's eyes by saying you quit have some influential acquaintance —
strated. because the term was out, or to get a if he has one —
write directly for him
Good paper; good writing — wheth- better position —
unless you show to the prospective employer. Do not
er on the typewriter or with a pen ;
that you really did get a better i^osi- lay too much emphasis on your
correct form accurate spelling, cap-
; tion. Of course it is unnecessary to recommendations. It is well to have
italizing,punctuating and paragraph- mention schools with which you were them, but so many of them are par-
ing; clean-cut English,— these all are connected for a very brief period, tial 'or misleading that most school
essentials of a fundamental character. particularly if you think that your officials go behind them to verify
Then, too, the facts to be presented, discontinuance was due to an unfair what they say, if there is sufficient
the style of treatment, and the order interpretation of the conditions under interest aroused in the candidate to
in which they are taken up, are mat- which you were to work. The prin- justify the labor this requires.
ters of moment. Thoughnot the' cipal thing is to ttaiismit to your zcould- Above everything else be
only way, nor necessarily the best be employer an accurate account of just eandor perfectly frank. Do not
way, the following outline may sug- what education and experience have equivocate. While tem-
gest an effective method of setting enabled you to do. That is what he porary advantage may sometimes be
forth the information desired by prac- wants to know and all he usually gained by a lack of frankness, in the
tically every employer. cares to know. end the result is far worse than if the
Briefly give the names If you have had business exper- truth had been told in the beginning
Education and locations of the ience, you will do well to state in for it is one thing to get a position
schools from which you detail what it was. But do not get and quite another thing to hold it,
have been graduated, with definite the erroneous notion that seems to not to m,ention filling it. Do not,
information as to the nature of the possess some minds namely, that
;
therefore, tempt Fate to humiliate
work you did in each. Name other business experience is equivalent, or you, by overstating what you can do.
schools that you have attended and superior to, teaching experience as a A sad time of reckoning is sure to
explain the nature and amount of preparative for acceptable work as an come, and with practical commercial
work you did. A disposition to gen- instructor. There is no more lament- school managers that hour often ar-
eralize on this topic will very justly able pedagogical sight than a self- rives with surprising suddenness.
be regarded with suspicion. Be assured instructor trying to force on Use your best judgment
brief, but be explicit. If you write his students some particular applica- judgment in selecting the position
well, be sure to send specimens of tion of a principle as the only way, which to apply. Do
for
your best work —
just enough to show instead of implanting the principle not take long chances. If your ex-
your range, without duplication. Re- itself, leaving to the exigencies of perience has been wholly in a small
member that it takes an expert to do the future the many applications that school, be cautious about giving_ as-
ornamental writing that really helps may be made. Generally there is no surances as to what you can do in a
the writer. Unless you are very sure more narrow person than the one who large school. If you' have had only
of your attainments, a good business has "been there." He knows it all. pulDlic school experience, you will do
hand is the safest medium. Since The author is a theoretical tyro be- well to obtain a position as an assist-
you are a commercial teacher, you side him. The special looms so large ant under a tried and trustworthy
will tell honestlyjust what systems of before him — being held close to his commercial teacher before "going it
bookkeeping' you are tamiliar with, eyes — that the general is shut out. alone. '
We have known college
not merely those through which you Isolated instances outweigh broad trained men, of long and successful
have skimmed. You will say which principles. Business experience, es- public school experience, to buckle
system you can handle most effective- pecially if it be varied, is a valuable under the pressure of conditions in
ly. Be sure to make it clear whether corrective and supplement to theoret- an up-to-date commercial school.
you have ever handled business and ical training and schoolroom exper- Nothing quite so effectively increases
office practice as taught in the aver- ience, but veteran school managers a public school man's respect for a
age commercial school, and name the look with hesitation on the applica- commercial school as to have to at-
commercial subjects that you consider tion that over-emphasizes the import- tempt to get results in one, under
your specialties (do not have too ance of this qualification. modern conditions.
many); those that, though not spec- Under this head do Send your photograph the best —
ialties, you think you can teach suc- Personality what you can to make one you can get — and include postage
cessfully and all subjects that you
; up for th' handicap of for Its return send also a stamp for
;

have studied with sufficient thorough- distance. Tell your prospective em- return of your testimonials, if you
ness to teach in an emergency. ployer your age, weight, height, desire to have them sent back. Have
If you teach shorthand, do" not fail health, color of hair (if you have any), your copies perfect in form, with the
to name your system, and if it be a color of eyes, nationality, church best possible results, if done with
Pitmanic system, specify whether it preference, habits as to tobacco, in- carbon, or even if an original type-
is Benn Pitman or Isaac Pitman, or toxicating drink, etc., whether mar- written copy.
some author of a modified method of ried or single, whether you take part If you are not reasonably sure of
presenting the principles of the given in athletics, or sing, or play any mus- the standing of the school to which
system. Do not say you teach Touch ical instrument (especially important you are submitting an application,
Typewriting, unless you really do. in high schools and private institu- {Continued o?t page 19).

1
 ^l^^3Bui^l^^^i/iUU/f/ ^
2. By machine, reaper, and har-
vester.

^
b. Binding=tieing into a sheaf, or

^^ DEPARTMENT OF c.
shock.
Threshing=beating
from the husk.
the grain

w Commercial (5cograpl)y 1.By hand with a fiail.

2. By a threshing machine.
d. Winnowing=blowing the dust
% Frank o. Carpenter and bits of husk, called chaff,
Tilt of this Department nuiy be addressed directly at the
i^flitor
away from the grain.
i English High School, Boston, Mass.. but communicatirms requiring a 4. Storing the grain.
reply tnvst in all cases enclose return postage to insure attention.
After the grain is threshed it is

Food and CcKtile Industries.

.
- -

soil must be broken into small, loose,

^ either put in sacks or is stored loose,
i.e., in bulk in- the farmer's barn.
When sold it is taken to the grain
elevator which is located at conveni-
particles_ that the roots of the plant ent points on the nearest railroad or
Second only to the great subjects of may easily penetrate the ground in lakeport. It is there graded, and
Food and Textile products, is the search of food and moisture. mixed with grain of equal grade from
human industry that is required in Ancient man dug a shallow hole in other farms. It is then shipped by
the production of food and clothing. rail or water to the flour mill or
the ground into which he put his
Early man was a savage and might grain seed. Next he drew a furrow for exported abroad.
have been a savage today if nature the seed with his stick. As he learned The method of preparing the soil is
had continued to supply abundant the use of metals he shod his stick the same for other vegetable crops as
food within easy reach. with bronze and iron, and so more well as for cereals, the planting is
The necessity of seeking food, as easily broke up the soil. When he much the same, except that the seeds
has been said, was the first impulse learned to tame and raise domestic are not sowed by hand broadcast but
that forced ancient man to take the animals and train them to serve him, put carefully in hills or rows. The
first steps on the long pathway of
he fastened a cord to the middle of cultivating is by hoe or machine
civilization.At first all man's energy his stick and made the animal pull it cultivator. Irrigation is similar.
was devoted to food getting and when and so dig the furrow deeper with Harvesting^ is done usually by hand
he had eaten all the food in one spot, less labor for man, while the man as the fruits, berties, nuts, etc. are
he and his family moved to another holding the top end of the stick larger in kernel than the grains and
which seemed attractive. From such directed its course. This was the can be injured by rough handling,
aimless wanderers were developed ancient plough and one finds it con- oranges, peaches, strawberries.
the nomadic pastoral tribes like the stantly represented on the old Egyp- Grains if in a dry place keep good
Arabs and for centuries they roamed tian and Assyrian carvings, just a for long periods and are stored as
over the surface of the earth.' Finally curved stick drawn by the animals. described. Pulpy fruits and vege-
they learned to plant a few ^ras's The modern plough only differs in its tables keep only a short time and
seeds, in a rude way, and the science lines. The essential principle is are stored in refrigerating rooms at a
of agriculture was begun. unchanged, and if we should go over temperature near the freezing point.
The same natural conditions which the world we should find all these 5. Manufacturing.
forced early man to plant t,hose grass stages of evolution of the plough in Manufacturing a food product is to
seeds, which he found to be liseful use somewhere in the world to-dav. change the raw material into a form
for food, also compelled him to obtain fit for human use, as, iiiilling wheat
So with the reaping, all the main
his clothing. Cold, heat, storm, all processes were developed bv primitive into flour, catmiiii; salmon, corn, and
made clothing desirable. At first man ages and ages ago. peas, drying raisins, apples, dates,
men used the skins of animals, but It remained, however, for the Unit-
macaroni, sniukiiig ham and bacon,
finally some one wiser than his fel- diitiHing liquors and flavoring ex-
ed States to invent and construct the
lows learned to plait the reeds and marvels of modern agricultural ma- tracts, pressing out. wines, olive and
g;rasses and the te.xtile industry was cotton seed oil, lieating or "trying
chinery to which our present suprem-
invented. From such humble begin- out." lard, oleomargarine oil, jellies,
acy in wheat and corn raising is due.
nings came the splendid industries /taking flour into bread, crackers, etc.
of today, each new hardship, diffi- XOTK— The ordinary operations of plant- 6. Transportation.
ing are .«o well known to our people that
culty and trial serving but to make only a Ijare outline of processes need be Cereals are transported in bulk or
brighter and stronger the intelligence in sack or in barrel, fruits, vegetables
needed to overcome them and' suc- a. Breaking the soil coarsely by and nuts, in sack, barrel, or crates,
ceed. To develop this trained mind spade, hoe, or plough. flesh foods in refrigerator steamships
must have been the plan of evolution b. Pulverizing the soil by tooth or and cars — milk in cans or bottles,
from the first far off times. Truly disk harrows. tea in chests.
"the life is more than food and the XoTE — If fertilizer is used it is generally 7. Distribution.
strength of the body than raiment." put on the ground first and ploughed under. Foods are distributed or sold the
FOOD INDUSTRIES. 2. Planting and cultivating. world over in a few ways —
As has been e.xplained before, a c. Sowing seed by hand or by a 1st. In all places except the small-
large part of the men on the earth machine called a drill. est, there is a central square, called
spend their entire time and labor in d. Covering the seed with earth. a market place where the sellers of
producing food or in preparing it for When the seeds have sprouted and food products display their goods
human use. These mvriad activities grown into plants. and purchasers go to buy their food
fall however into the following e. Irrigating^ supplying .water bv from these dealers in the open air
classes :
— ditches. i. e.; do their marketing. In large
1. Preparing the soil. f. Hoeing by hand or cultivating cities this square is often roofed over
2. Planting, the seed and cultivat- by machine and the foods are sold from stalls or
ing the plant. The object of hoeing is to kill the booths in markets. 2d. Grocery and
3. Harvesting the fruit. weeds and throw earth about the provision stores, which are really
4. Storing the raw food material. roots of the plant to give food and branches or substations of the great
5. Manufacturing the raw material. support to the stem. tentral markets for the convenience
6. Transporting the finished pro- g. Spraying with liquids to kill of the public. 3d. Travelling huck-
duct. insects. sters or pedlers who carry the foods
7. Distributing it to the consumer. When the fruit or grain is ripe: through the streets, usually attract-
XOTE - The following descriptions will be 3. Harvesting, ing customers by shouting out their
suited chiefly to the raising of cereals,— the a. Reaping = cutting down the grain wares or calling from door to door.
main food crop. or stalks. TE.XTILE INDVSTRIES.
1. Preparing the soil. 1. By hand with a sickle, scythe Next after the food industries in
Man learned by experience that the or " cradle." importance, come the textile or cloth-
 J^i^^ud/^i^d^/i^Oiu^i/if^ ^
ing- industries. They follow the gen- the countless products there dis- textbook of Commercial Geography
eral lines of industry as follows: played. If the food and textile pro- now on the market — the only " Geog-
1 and 2, viz., the planting-, cultivat- ducts, and their allied industries were raphy of Commerce" fairly entitled
ing, are the same as that of food. taken from such fairs there would to the name. While the editor be-
3. The harvesting is done usually be little left from which to form an lieves absolutely that the human side
by hand as picking cotton, shearing exposition. and human use of things is the true
sheep, plucking feathers, tapping The last industry to be noted here way to teach this science, and not
rubber trees, removing hides etc. is the manufacture of agricultural the' Philadelphia group or subject
Of plants the stalks or stems are used tools and harvesting machinery in method on which the Trotter is based,
for fibre, where the seeds or fruit of which the United States has made there is no book as yet on the
food plants were used. such a marvellous advance in the market based on the human or Boston
4. The storing of fibre does not last fifty years and now surpasses method, and a book so good and so
require usually unusual care. Pro- the world. scholarly as the Trotter and so inter-
tection from sun, and rain and insects Equally valuable and important fused with Dr. Herrick's learning
is all that is needed in most cases. are the various forms of textile ma- must do good work in the hands of
5. The manufacture of textiles chinery to which the steady and an earnest teacher.
differs much from that of foods. The irresistible advance of American Dr. Herrick's new book on " Com-
principal processes are these :
— textile fabrics in world favor and the mercial Education " (Macmillan) also
a. Of textiles, extracting the fibre world markets is largely due. In published this past summer, written
in a somewhat tangled mass, as in this, however, we have the spur and merely to help lift the level of Com-
picking the cotton, retting and heck- danger of a skilled, tireless and mercial education in the U. S. and
ling the Hax, shearing the wool hostile competition from the English, to put into our hands in a single
animals, reeling the silk from co- French and German manufacturers book what we should spend years to
coons, of semi-textiles, getting the of textile goods and machinery. obtain independently, is a book for
rubber in lumps and the hides in There is one industry of immense each teacher's personal desk and
the flesh, tearing or grinding wood importance in textile and semi-textile study — and should be widely read.
and rags into paper pulp. industries, viz, the manufacture and Note— Whatever itia>' be the wisdom or
jufitiHient nf the editor's criticisms of hooks
b. Cleaning the fibre from foreign use of dye-stuffs and colors. In this in tiiis column, one thing is sure. They
substances— as the ginning, scouring, line (^iermany stands unrivalled and are made without fear, request or favor of
and carding of textiles, the washing alone. So far in advance of the either publisher, bookseller or author and
are the editor's honest opinion.
and rolling of rubber, the scraping world is she in this art that there is Teachers should follow each month with
and tanning of hides, the beating of really no competition among the great care the current magazines for valu-
paper pulp. nations that is really of commercial able articles as World's Work for Novem-
c. Twisting or spinning the tex- importance or likely in the near Cosmopolitan See.
ber,
(See "Special Notice" on page 28.1
tiles into threads or yarns. future to seriously injure her suprem-
d. Weaving or plaiting the yarns acy in this line.
into cloth. A curious line of industry in con- nsseciate editor's Page.
e. Finishing the textile cloths by nection with textiles and foods is the you will do well to look up its stand-
printing, dyeing etc., and the semi- production of adulterants of food ing, by writing to the local public
textiles by vulcanizing the rubber, substances, imitations and substi- school officials (with stamped, self-
currying the leather, calendering the tutes for the real things and of tex- directed envelope for reply, of course)
paper etc. tiles, the substances and devices for the minister of your denomination,
f. Cutting the fabrics into the sizing and loading the fibres or fab- or one of the banks— though your
forms needed for clothing or other rics to increase their weight or to local banker may be able to obtain
uses and sewing, gluing or riveting make the cheap fibre appear like the this information more easily than
them the parts together into the better one. Tens of thousands of you. Better yet, would be the opinion
finished garments etc men and millions of dollars spent of some professional acquaintance
6. Transportation — annually, represent the labor and who is familiar with the standing of
The packing of textile raw materials capital employed in this way. commercial schools, although you
is usually in bales, bags and boxes — It is worth while for the teacher to should not expect anyone but a rather
of raw semi-textiles in bags, and rolls, refer to this point sometimes as an intimate acquaintance to give you an
— of finished goods in boxes, crates, example of the tendency of mankind outspoken opinion on such a matter.
rolls. The actual labor in trans- to spend an enormous force of mental We know a young man who wrote to
portation is the same for all kinds of and bodily energy in producing a school manager, applying for a
goods. "something good" when the
just as position, and requesting that the
7. The sale of textiles is usually same effort would make " the real, manager send him some references
different from the sale of foods. As the pure, the true" commodity so as to his (the manager's! financial
textile goods are not perishable, cheap and so good and so common responsibility. Of course you will
they are not so likely to be crowded as to be within the reach of all and not, if you are a young teacher, at-
together in one spot or to be sold at need no imitation or substitute. For tempt to get your information in that
the market places except as the example, almost all of the true Sea way, particularly if you are the one
throng of customers might attract. Island Gotton, the very best cotton in who IS seeking' a favor. In short,
In §;reat cities however all lines of the whole world, is sent to France to use good common sense.
business tend to centralize into be used to mix with silk and to be Then, if you receive
"areas of trade" for convenience to sold as pure silk goods, when the Sea Business Hsnor favorable considera-
buyers. The travelling dealers are Island cotton made up into delicate tion, be upright in
few as the goods are too heavA' for laces and muslins by our skilled tex- your subsequent action. Do not get
the peddlers to carry and the con- tile workers would sell for prices as "sick" because you have learned of
stant unwinding of the goods to high as those of silk and be popular, a more remunerative opportunity,
show them is likely to injure the serviceable and valuable and no fraud and you want to be free to take ad-
goods and prevent a sale. would be done. vantage of it; do not, at the last
The produce exchanges for foods, But the editor must close — The old moment change your mind and decide
the stock, cotton wool and leather Greek myth is a reality and is very not to teach; do not, as soon as you
exchanges are really markets for the pertinent here, the "textile" myth reach the place, begin to find fault
dealers in foods and textiles where of the three Fates.— Klotho in this
I
with the city, the school^ the students,
they buy their stocks of goods. case the editor) spins the yarn. the methods, and everything else;
Similar to these are great local and Lachesis (the limits of space) meas- be cheerful, willing, earnest. Try to
national fairs — ranging from the ures off each man's portion, while find out how you can hold business
local cattle shows or county fairs, to the remorseless Atropos with the and get more business. Adapt your-
the famous annual fair of Nijni Nov- shears (the publisher) cuts off the self to the conditions you find. W'hile
gorod in Russia and the international thread. vou accept your employer's money,
expositions of Paris, Chicago, Buffalo NEW BOOK.S be loyal to his interests. If you can-
and St. Louis. These are all really The editor has before expressed not improve his methods, quit him;
markets for the exhibition of goods his high approval of Trotter's " Geog- or, at least, keep your own counsel
and the sale on the spot or later of raphy of Commerce" as the best until vou do leave him.

I
 f^^f3Bu4//i^U &/iu^i^fr ^
Sales Book — Ordinary two-column
forrn. Footings posted weekly to
debit of Sales Ledger account' and
r^epartment of Business Practice. credit of Merchandise account in the
General Ledger.
By The Associate Editor. Cash Book — Four columns on Debit
side as follows: Sales Ledger Cr.,
Bills Receivable Cr., Merchandise
Discount Dr., and Cash Dr. Two on
Equipment of tbc mholesale scheme with recapitulation sheet for the Credit side as follows Merchan-
:

Office. sales record. Our filing arrangement dise Dr., Cash Cr. Footings posted
is alphabetical, the usual loose-leaf weekly to the General Ledger. Items
Probably no office is of more general
file being used for letters and the in Sales Ledger column posted daily
value than the Wholesale Office, in a
well-managed, up-to-date commercial "Bankers" accordian file for filled to the various accounts in the Sales
school. To be sure there is always
orders. The Arch Shannon file is Ledger. Items in Cash Dr. and Cr.
the question, in equipping this or aiiy
used for daily statements. On ac- columns, except those that also ap-
other office. Shall we use only that
count of the greater difficulty of tak- pear in special columns, are posted
ing impressions in the old way, and daily to the General Ledger.
which is sanctioned by long-establish-
ed usage, or shall we use the newest
consequently the greater need for Check Book — Balance and record
practice, we use the brush and blotter therein cash proof each day. Balance
devices? Shall we be merely reflect-
ors of others' practice, or shall we
instead of the cloth, or bath, plan in with Bank account on Friday of each
lead? A moon or a sun?
copying letters. The card index, in week.
We believe the schoolroom no place separate trays for Sales and Purchase Bills Receivable Book — V^^ use the
for fads, but a wholesome middle
Ledgers, arranged alphabetically, is following money columns: Bills Re-
ground between musty old-fogyism used in this office, the card system ceivable Dr., Discount Cr. Sales ,

on the one hand, aiid ephenieral being also used for registering terms Ledger Cr. Footings posted weekly
radicalism on the other, is possible extended to customers, and used in to the General Ledger. Sales Ledger
ground broad and progressive the billing department. items posted daily to Sales Ledger.
a
enough to admit forms ot books, de- All letters and orders are registered Trial Balance atid Proof Book — We
vices, and methods that meet, or are
and checked off when answered or require each week, in addition to the
likely to meet, the approval of enter-
filled. At the end of each day, the Trial Balance, proofs of Bills Receiv-
Bill Clerk recapitulates his sales and able Account and Sales Ledger Ac-
prising business men.
We have, in our Wholesale Office, a filesduplicate sheets with recapitula- count. These proofs are recorded in
curious mixture of the old and the tion sheet in binder. The Sales this book, signed by the student in
new, the card invoice tickler, the card Ledger Clerk then posts to his Ledger charge, and approved by the Manager
sales ledger, and the vertical system
from the duplicate sheets, the Bills of the Department.
of filing correspondence being the Receivable book and the Sales Ledger Filing Ca(^///f/ — Alphabetica^l sec-
newest and best features but our ;
columns of the Journal and Cash tion for Filled Orders, Tickler sec-
space this month will not admit an Book, proving his Ledger against the tions for memoranda of bills due us
extended explanation. The following Sales Ledger controlling account in and Bills Receivable, and Blank sec-
statements from well known schools the General Ledger. The invoices re- tion for cancelled checks. We use
are purposely brief, but are practical. ceived are pasted into the Invoice ordinary Box Files for Receipts. Desk
book, amounts e.xtended and footed. Files are used for Unfilled Ordes,
K. C- Cong. Cbe Packard School, n.V. eity The purchase Ledger Clerk similarly daily memoranda, and un paid bills.
In our Business Practice Depart- posts to his Ledger from the individ- —
Rubber Stanips Our office is sup-
ment, in order that our students may ual invoices, the Bills Payable book plied with the following Dating
:

become familiar with the various and the Purchase Ledger columns of Stamps for receipting bills and
methods of posting used in business, the Journal and Cash book, proving stamping orders, giving date receiv-
we use the regular Ledger, the loose- it up against the Purchase Ledger ed, when filled, etc., and an ordinary
leaf Ledger, and the card Ledger in controlling account in the General stamp for endorsing checks, etc.
our different offices. Besides the Ledger. The Head Bookkeeperenters Books — The books in all our depart-
foregoing books, we use the following total of the recapitulation sheet, the ments are made to order, full Demi-
in our jobbing houses: Sales Book, Invoice book, the Bills Receivable size, and of the very best material,
2 columns; Purchase Book, 2 col- book, and the Bills Payable book in bound in heavy boards, covered with
umns; Cash Book, 3 columns Check ; the Journal, debiting or crediting the canvas, and labeled on back. The
Book; Pass Book; Trial Balance Sales or Purchase Ledger, as the case stationery is of like high-grade mater-
Book Copying Book B. B. and Shan-
; ; may and posting same to accounts
be, ial with the office imprint.
non Letter Files. in "the General Ledger. We use the Purchases — K\\ purchases are made
S. S. Hookland. Banks Business eol- pads with numbered checks without on cash terms and bills are held on
leae, Philadelphia. stubs in connection with a loose-leaf file till paid, when the net is charged
We have three Wholesale Offices in check register and Banking Ledger, to Merchandise account from special
our Department, of which I will de- instead of the ordinary Check book. column in Cash Book.
It is our aim to have as much vari-
scribe only one. In this, we are using
ety in offices as possible, and, conse-
Orders — Filled on the day they are
what is known as the Safe-Guard received. When an order is received
System, outlined by the Safe-Guard quently, not all of the most up-to- a copy is made on one of the depart-
Co., of Chicago. The set consists of date devices are used in one and the ment order sheets, which is passed
a Cash Book, Journal, Sales Ledger, same office. to the shipping clerk, who fills it as
Purchase Ledger, General Ledger, H. m. Browning, Sadler's Business nearly as he can from stock, and re-
Sales Ledger Proof Book, Purchase Colleae, Baltimore, md. turns' it to the bookkeeper. Exten-
Ledger Proof Book, and Statement CENEK.^L \'IE\\ .
sions are then made on the order
Book. The Sales Ledgers are of the General Ledger, Sales Ledger, Jour- sheet and from it the Bill and Sales
Boston skeleton order, arranged to nal, Sales Book, Cash Book, Check Book entry are made. A memoran-
extend the balances at the end of each Book, Bills Receivable Book, Trial dum of the bill is then placed in the
week. The Cash Book and Journal Balance and Proof Book, Filing Cab- Tickler File under date due. The
have special columns on both sides inet, Desk Files, Rubber Stamps, and Department Order Sheet is then filed
for Sales Ledger, Purchase Ledger Stationery Bill Heads, Letter Heads,
I with the original order. If only a
and General Ledger items, besides Order Blanks, and Envelopes). A part of the goods ordered are in
special columns for Merchandise, detailed description of this equipment stock, the balance of the order is
Cash Discount, Bills Receivable, Bills is presented as follows : treated as cancelled. We are aware
Payable, Interest, and Expense. Gevoal and Sales l^cdgers — Regular that this is not the method employed
In connection with these books, we two-column book form. in actual business, but owing to the
use, in this office. Bills Receivable Journal — Four columns as follows: transient character of the office help,
and Bills Payable books with Ledger Sales Ledger Dr., Sundries Dr., Sun- we have found it quite unsatisfactory
Title columns, an ordinary Invoice dries Cr., and Sales Ledger Cr. Foot- to conduct this part of the work
Book, and the duplicate carbon ings posted weekly. otherwise.
 f^^fSBu^/ned^i^dfu^i/fr* ^
quent par"ty to one in blank. Blank
and endorsements are known as
w&Mmmmm>m^, full
absolute endorsements. The liability
of the endorser is subject to demand
DEPARTMENT OF and to the usual protest and notice
of the same.
Resltictive—liVrie holder desires to
(Eommcrcial i.av:> transfer, yet wishes to restrict the
circulation of the paper, it may be
\V. H.-\VHIGAM, ChicA(;() accomplished by showing such inten-
Crane Manual Training High School. tion in his endorsement. The usual
form is to name the endorser and use
1904 by W. H. Whioam Chicago, 111,
Copyright the word " only." The object of such
an endorsement frequently is to vest
the title in one for the benefit of a third
person, or to show that the endorsee
is simply an agent of the endorser.
Essentials of Endorsement. first three are in general use, the
Qualified— \n this endorsernent the
others are not so frequently used. endorser escapes the liability as
Kin ds of endorsements : —
Blank This endorsement consists known to the law merchant, in' that
a. Blank. simply in writing the signature of the he does not guarantee the payment
b. Full. endorser on the back of the paper. of the paper. He cannot thus escape
c. Qualified. A blank space should be left above the common law liability. The usual
d. Restrictive. the signature. The instrument is form is to include the words "With-
e. Conditional. now payable to bearer, as the holder's
Waiver. out recourse," written above the en'
f. name is not designated. If lost or dorser's signature. The endorsement
p-. Guarantee. stolen, it might Idc put into circula-
O. K. may be either in full or in blank.
h. tion to the loss of the proper owner. Couditioiial —In a conditional en-
ESSENTIALS The paper may now be passed from dorsement the holder parts with pos-
hand to hand by mere delivery how- ;
session, but does not pass a full title
The essential part of an endorse- ever, an endorsement should be de- to the endorsee. The condition may
ment is the signature of the endorser. manded, for each endorser adds credit be either precedent or subsequent
The usual signature of the endorser to the instrurnent. If no endorse-
as, " Pay to A when he arrives at 21
;

should be given. If the name of the ment is required, the transferrer years of age;" "Pay B unless I give
payee is incorrectly spelled, the en- assumes only the common law lia- you notice not to pay."
dorser should write it as given and bilities.
IVai'.'c?— An endorsee may not de-
then follow it by the proper signa- Full — An endorsement in full in- sire to accept a transfer of the instru-
ture, also indicating that both signa- cludes the names of both the endor- ment unless the endorser is willing
tures are in fact but one. Any writ- ser and the endorsee. Negotiable to waive some of the requirements
ing showing the intent of the endor- words are not necessary. If the in- incident to making the liability of the
ser, is sufficient. Whatever e.xtra strument is negotiable, it will con- endorser absolute, and, if so, he de-
writing is used other than the signa- tinue so until words expressly deny- mands a waiver endorsement. The
ture must be words of transfer. In ing this appear in some endorsement. usual form is, "Demand, protest and
conclusion the endorsement must be Blank endorsements maybe filled out notice waived", following this with
by the payee or a subsequent holder and thereby become endorsements in his signature.
and must follow the tenor of the full. Writing may be added to an Guarantee — This is an endorsement
instrument. endorsement provided it does not frequently given in which the en-
The law merchant does not permit change the liability of the endorser. dorser guarantees the prior endorse-
of a partial endorsement. The en- If there are several endorsements in
men{. It is frequently used by banks.
dorsement is completed by delivery. blank, the last holder may make any O. A'.— This is an endorsement of
KINDS OF ENDORSEMENTS endorsement one in full and reject identification. A received a check
the following ones, or he may fill out from B. If A is not acquainted at
There are several forms of endorse- each one so as to show a record of the bank and has no means of fur-
ments; viz., blank, full, qualified, full endorsements from the payee to
nishing identification, he asks B to
restrictive, conditional, waiver, guar- the present holder. An endorsement O. K. the check. B does this by writ-
antee, and O. K. endorsements. The in full cannot be changed by a subse-
ing the letters O. K. above his signa-
FORM OF INDORSEMENTS ture on the back of the check. Any
one may now secure the money from
the bank but he is generally requested,
Restrict- Condi- however, to endorse the name of the
Blank Full Qualified Waiver Guarantee O.K.
ive tional payee on the check. This is_ not an
endorsement of transfer. It is made
a; by the maker of the check.
2 o .0
c 1-

-6
s WHAT THE L.\W DECIDES
41

3 u 3
(a) In 1 N. Y. 213, the acceptor
>, s m accommodation
paid a draft as an to
1 the drawers, who failed and did not
5 M » S B « M
reimburse him. He then discovered
i - to
£ w w C Vi ^^ «; w 5 a a lu%0 vu H that one of the firm of drawers had
o
K Jon Co CO
- u forged the endorsement of the payee,
=0 Sal w 2 w J who had no interest in or knowledge
B. L. L.
of the draft. The acceptor then sued
c , c
_ w a the collecting bank for the return of
; i' ^1 ? the money as warrantor of all pre-
° =
I vious endorsements. He failed, since
0 CO
Is ^^ •= ^ a payee cainiol always demand genuine
m D 5 - endorsetnenls on his papei if sueli sig-
< 2 i CO -0 c
I c a natures could not benefit him.
5 g o" > (b) A note, payable in New York,
o S, c z ^ C Z
*' r<'
i .a was made and placed in circulation in
>> +J >, 3 >, .^ a Indiana, where the makers of the first
."5 -
CU o ,0, a fl- ;^ a. s c .s endorsement lived. It was held that
0.
(Continued on following page.)
 f^^^^uJ//i^M^i(/iu^i^ir' ^
quently he strikes quickly what he
"" ' '^ • ^'''^ ''^^^--^^#mii4i^^..ig.a;^^
•

believes to be the new character, but,

;,y.. /myw^i^.
fearing that he may have struck the
wrong one, he lifts his carriage, looks
in dismay at the error, pulls the car-
Department of riage back and strikes the correct
letter. This is repeated again and
again each time that it occurs the
;

Cypeipriting. student becomes more nervous and

excited, and is finally thoroughly
Ml'^-^ Stella M. smith, Sinmions College. Hostoii. discouraged. In course of time the
1 ..ijirlBlit 19(>4, 1.1- Stflli, M. SliiUlL. Ho-L.tl. M«:-. student's nervous system is seriously
affected he is a sight writer (for in
;

his discouragement he has abandoned

'^mfw^s^m^m. all efforts to write the characters by
-^^=1
touch); he writes by "spurts,"
Practice perhaps stifle the faculties — which pauses frequently to look at errors,
the general custom of "word prac- or imagined errors, and there is no
It is a waste of the student's time tice " certainly does, if it holds them hope that he will ever overcome these
and strength to require him to write at all. habits. These are the dangers of
line after line and page after page of The third class are those who, introducing sentences too earl)-.
words. not only have practised in
I actuated by the desire to imjarove In my opinion the whole keyboard
this waymyself, but I have carefully their mental and material conditions, should be perfectly committed before
watched other students, and the voluntarily take up this study. As a sentences are used. When sentences
practice is not warranted by the re- substitute for the training of the first are introduced, they should be of
sults. In it there is nothing which two classes, they have the keenness such a character as to make them
appeals to the intellect, nothing to and good sense which contact with worth remembering — proverbs, lines
hold the attention. The intelligent the world has ground into them. of jjoetry, historical facts, statistics,
student, while he writes, allows his These three classes of students, business laws, etc. They should be
thoughts become absorbed by
to unlike as they appear, have all one practised for further training in cor-
other subjects and he gains little thing in common the power to — rect fingering, hand position, and
from the practice but to the stud- ; reason. In the first and third classes confidence in touch writing. Each
ent of undeveloped mental faculties this power is well developed, in the sentence should illustrate the use of
such practice is positively harmful — second class it is in course of devel- some part or parts of the machine,
he sits, mechanically striking the opment. Therefore, in teachingtype- and should be so arranged as to in-
keys, each hour becoming more and writing, we must eliminate every clude in the e.xercise every character
more as a dumb, unthinking animal. feature that will not require the on the keyboard. Such' sentences
It would be as wise, in order toteach reasoning faculties. This brings us are of lasting benefit.
an emigrant how to use a broom, to to
tell her to sweep a floor, and, because
THE VALVE OF SEXTENCE PRACTICE Commercial Caw-Continued from
sweeping it once was necessary and Page Zl.
helpful, to compel her to coritinue "Why do we use words for prac- the contract of endorsement in such
sweeping it all day. The mental and tice?" "Why not begin with sen-
physical condition of either at the tences ? " These are the questions case is governed by the law of the
end of the day would be the same. asked by teachers who have begun to place where made, and not by that of
Who are our students f What has realize the conditions. the place where the note is pa^-able.
It is not
been their former training? In what practicable to begin with sentences. 15 Ind. 33; 81 Ky. 636; 77 N. Y. 573;
are we to train them ? How must we There are too manv things for the and other cases.
approach them ? Let us divide them beginner to keep in' mind. To be- (c A note bore two endorsements.
)

into three classes First, the college

: come familiar with the simpler parts When it fell due, one of the endorsers
graduates, the men and women who of the machine, to learn the location tendered two months' interest in ad-
are self-educated, and educated for- of the letters, to learn to control the vance to the payee and it was ac-
eigners not acquainted with our lan- weaker fingers, and the proper force cepted. It was held that the accept-
guage second, the grammar and
; with which to strike each letter, to ance of interest by the payee was an
high school boys and girls; and, keep in mind the spacing between extension of the time of payment and
third, the illiterate ones of all ages words and at the end of each line — the other endorser was thereby re-
and conditions. all these details will so fullv occupy
leased. 102 Wis. 41. An exteiisioti of
Those of the first class will require the student's mind that it would be limey either actzial or constriiciive, if
reasons before following our instruc- folly to have him begin typewriting made iviihout the coiisetif of endorsers,
tions, and these reasons must be releases them.
with sentence practice.' Enough
such as will stand the test of ana y- words must be written to illustrate (dl A
note was endorsed as fol-
ses, or the students will do one of the mechanism and operation of the lows Pay to the order of
: '

two things — they will become dis- typewriter, but just so soon as these
satisfied and withdraw from our are understood and mastered suffi- Mary W. Gaylord."
classes, or ignore us altogether and ciently to be performed automaticallv, The payee sent the note to her son to
follow their own inclinations, which, the " word practice " should be di's- be sold for her account. The son
since they have not the time to per- continued. Shall we introduce sen- pledged it to a bank as a security for
fect a system, will invariably result tences at that point? No, for by so a loan. It was held that endorsement
in sight writing, with all its faults in the above form was notice to the
doing our operators will invariablv
and inconveniences. become sight writers. world that Mary W. (laylord had not
The second class, the grammar and It is very difficult to arrange sen-
yet parted with title to the note, and
high school boys and girls, are rest- tences which will include everv char- that the bank acquired no title or in-
less. Instead of the power of con- acter on the keyboard; for that terest even though it took it in good
centration and the sense of personal reason the sentences generallv given faith believing it belonged to the son.
responsibility of the first class, we 74 N. W. Rep. 215. The endorsemetit
so early are simple. The student
see by their sparkling eves that practices much on a few letters and mitst shou\ directly or by implication,
"mystery and mischief" constantly to ichom title is transferred.
acquires considerable speed. Thus
dwell in their ever active brains. he gains speed in the use of some
\Ve must take advantage of these con- characters and not of others. Later, Head and Shoulders Hbove the Hest.
ditions and give them such work as when letters are to be written, al- Enclosed find remittance for whicli please
will arrest their flitting ideas hold ; though manv of the characters which renew mv subscription to The BUSINESS
their attention to one thing long EDl'CATOR one year. think it is the fore
I
he has already learned will be re- most journal of its kind in tlie world. I
enough for them to see the advan- peated, some new ones are intro- have watched it grow in a few years to lie
tages of control and concentration, duced. By this time he has acquired head and shoulders above the rest.
but not so long as to benumb and MOKTiJiER J. Gross.
the habit of quick writing, conse- 326 \V. 24th St. Xew York City, X. Y.
 3^3BuJf/t^^^dfii^i^fr ^
President fvadley on eommcrcial
Education
'fj
The following address was deliv-
DEPARTMENT OF ered at the opening session of the
annual meeting of the New England
Business (Torresponbcnce. High School Commercial Teachers'
Association, at New Haven, Conn.,
CAKL LEWIS ALTMAIER. Oct. 21, '04. The italics are ours.—
UREXEL INSTITUTE, PHILADELPHIA. Associ.\TE' Editor .

"=— ———~—~°" It is a great pleasure to assist in

welcoming the members of your asso-
ciation to the city of New Haven
alike on account of the men who
In the last article a few letters were even among those who do not speak
given, which illustrated some of the English as their native language. come here, and on account of the
significance of the organization itself.
g-Qod and some of the bad qualities of Germany has officially recognized Among the many educational move-
a business letter. The following English as the most useful foreign
tongue to be studied by German
ments of the nineteenth century, none
further specimen, which is an actual
has been more marked than the de-
letter, as letters are sometimes writ- students. Two of the reasons which
velopment of professional training.
ten even in business, is submitted brought about this recognition are, At the beginning of that century
for criticism first, that English is the most widely
:

JUNE such training was confined almost

.'). 19(M. used civilized language in the world entirely to the schools of theology,
Messrs. Brown Sc Sons, and. secondly, that it is the most
;

Philadelphia. Pa. law and medicine and even in these

GENTLEME.V: important for Germany's interna-
;

schools the course of study was far

Yours of recent date at hand and bee to tional trade relations.
acknowledere the receipt of your favor. The less adequate than it is today. But
matter will be attended to and the goods The astonishing growth in the in the last hundred years we have
reach von at the appointed time. transacting of business by correspon-
witnessed the rise of schools of
Yours very truly.
The above letter was written in ac-
dence is due to various causes. First,
to the wonderful railroad and steam-
engineering in its various forms —
military, civil, mechanical and elec-
knowledgment of the following ship facilities secondly, to the
letter
;

growth of the post office, its expan-

trical. We have seen professional
JUNE'_M»Ot. training established in the manifold
sion with the ever-increasing needs
MESSRS. Johnson & Co.,
of commerce, and the reduction from
applications of chemistry to the in-
Syracuse. N. Y. dustrial arts. We have observed the
GENTLEMEN: time to time of the cost of sending establishment of colleges of mining
Please send us one thousand yards of silk letters and other mail matter; and,
similar to sample inclosed. We expect to and of forestry and of scientific agri-
thirdly, to the cheapness, certainty,
pay no more than we did for our previous culture. We have accepted colleges
order, namely fifty cents per yard. We de- and celerity with which business may of the fine arts —
architecture, paint-
sire the goods delivered to us one week in this way be transacted. Added to
from the above date.
these is the valuable feature of the
ing and music —
as an integral part
«• By referring to the response it will of the educational system of the
retention of the letter as a permanent
be at once obvious, I think, that the record of the business operations
country. We have founded trade
answer is about as vague and un- schools which enable the mechanic
concerning which it is written. or operative in almost every line to
meaning as could
possibly be.
it
Everyone will write a better busi-
Taken by itself it is absolutely become instructed in the theory as
ness letter who will bear in mind its
opaque. With na more words than importance from the point of view of
well as the practice of his calling.
the writer used it might have been And not less noticeable than the in-
the office and of commercial law. crease in the number and variety of
written so as to show on its face
Frequently a letter and its reply are these schools has been the improve-
every detail of the transaction.
the sole evidence of important busi- ment in their course of study. They
For example therefore,
JUNE 5, 19(M.
ness transactions. If,
have become at once more theoretical
Messrs. Brown & either letter is incomplete, ambiguous
Sons. and more practical — more theoretical
Philadelphia, Pa. or indefinite, it may give rise to mis- giving the pupil a profounder
GENTLEMEN; understandings and disputes which
in
We acknowledge receipt of your order of understanding of the subject with
the 2nd instant for one thousand yards of may not only be troublesome but which he deals more practical in
;
silk at fifty cents per yard, similar to
sample j'ou enclosed. The goods will be
may prove costly. For this reason enabling him to use that understand-
letters which are offers or accept-
delivered by June S. ing better for his own service and
Yours very truly. ances must be so written that the that of his fellow men.
Two-thirds of all the letters which offer is a bona fide and definite offer
pass through the post offices of the and the acceptance a legal accept- COMMERCI.^L TR.\IN'ING
world are written by and sent to ance. It is this phase of the subject
people who speak English. There that prompts many business men The work commercial training
of
are substantially 500,000,000 persons to supplement by letter a full per- has witnessed a similar widening
speaking colloquially one or another sonal discussion of the busine.ss and a similar improvement. At the
of the ten or twelve chief modern transaction in hand, and it is this beginning of the nineteenth century
languages, and of these about 25 per phase of the subject, also, that neces- we had practically no courses of
cent., or 125,000,000 persons speak sitates the filing of all letters re- business preparation at all. At the
English. About 90,000,000 speak Rus- ceived and the preserving of copies middle of the century such courses
sian; 75,000,000 German; 55,000,000 of all letters sent out. The import- were few in number, and for the
French ;45,000,000 Spanish 35,000,000 ; ance of keeping such records cannot most part superficial in their aim.
Italian, and 12,000,000 Portugese and ; be overestimated. Some people have Today they claim a place in the edu-
the balance Hungarian, Dutch. Pol- such a faculty for misunderstanding cational system of every state, and
ish, Flemish, Bohemian, Gaelic, the simplest directions that if they make' good their claim by a progres-
Roumanian, Swedish, Finnish, Dan- could not be confronted with the sive widening of scope and improve-
ish and Norwegian. Thus, while written evidence of what they had ment of method. I do not mean that
only one-quarter of those who em- been instructed to do, one would we have as yet learned exactly how
ploy the facilities of the postal de- often be compelled to doubt his own we ought to prepare boys for busi-
partments of civilized Governments veracity and senses. There are, of ness. If we had there would be no
speak English as their native tongue, course,' various systems of keeping need for an association of this kind.
two-thirds of those who correspond these records. The principles which The chief reason for the existence of
do so in the Knglish language. This govern the classification of these such a body as this is the essentially
Sjtuation arises from the fact that so records, and the length of time they progressive character of the develop-
ge a share of the commercial busi- should be kept, should be explained ment of education which it represents.
1
a'^'s of the world is done in English, by the teacher. We are all of us making experiments
nes
2^ f^^3Bud/n^d^^^/iu^a^ ^
— some good, some not so good. We Cbe new Enaland l)iab School
meet here to compare notes with one Commercial Ceacbers'
another, and see which lines show
sufficient promise to give us the hope Jlssociation.
that our work in the next year or the
next decade will be better than it was The second annual meeting of the N, E.
during the corresponding period of II. S.C". T. A. was held in Xew Haven, Conn.,

the past. at the Hillhouse High School, Friday even

The special difficulties and dangers ing. October 21, and Saturday, October 22.
which beset the career of the com- The spacious assembly hall of the high
mercial teacher you yourselves know school was comfortably filled with commer-
so much better than I do that I shall I'ial alumni and th^ir parents and friends,

not attempt to point them out. But when, with possibly twenty teachers scat
I maybe pardoned if I indicate for a tered through the audience, President
moment two general dangers which Frank E. Lakey. of Providence, called the
beset the progress of professional meeting to tjrder. Notwithstanding these
training as a whole, and against conditions, probably no gathering of com-
which it is important for professional mercial teachers was ever welcomed b>' a
teachers in every line to guard them- more distinguished group of men. Presi-
selves. tient Hadley, of Yale University: Mayor
The first of these dangers is that in John P. Studley; Mr. John D. Jackson,
widening the sphere of professional owner of the New Haven Register, and one
education and carrying it down to an of the solid business men of the city: and
earlier period of school life, we may F. E. LAKEY, Presidetit. Supt. F. H. Beede.one of the mostaggressi\'e
interfere with that substratum of school executi\-es east of New York — each
general education which it is neces- and all extended a heart>' welcome, in good
sary for every man and every woman
Our technical training has, as I old-fashioned New England style. Presi-
said a moment ago, tended to become
to have. dent Lakey did the honors of the occasion
constantly more practical. And this
in fitting fashion, and responded with a
CLEAR UNDERSTANDING NECESSARY is a good thing. If such training is
happy address.
I do not by any means believe tljat
worth anything at all it must teach
Saturday morning practically all the vis-
the student to adapt means to ends.
this is an inevitable consequence of iting teachers were on hand bright and
the movement. On the contrary, I
One important end which it must early for a drive out to famous East Kock,
subserve is the end of making a liv-
believe that the years of school life one of the show places of the city. We were
ing. But if we teach the pupil that
afford time enough for a grounding taken in open landaus through the aristo-
this is the only end and that all other
in the essential principles of knowl- cratic residence section, to the summit of
edge requisite for the citizen and the motives are to be despised in com-
East Rock, by winding, corkscrew drives.
essential principles of knowledge
parison with this one, we shall do
him and do the public a great injus- On the top of this peculiar bluff, at an eleva-
requisite for the business man. But tion of probably three hundred feet above
to secure this good result and to
tice. We shall train up a race of the level on which the city is built, is a
citizens who are capable of serving
avoid the danger which lies so close monument to the soldiers and sailors who
beside it we must walk warily and themselves and incapable of serving
fell in the Rebellion. Everyone who has
others. It is necessary in all ages of
understand clearly just what we are ridden through New- Haven on the railway
JO mnsl make it plain to our- the world, and perhaps most neces-
doing.
sary in the present age, to insist day has noticed this monument standing out
sflz't's and to ot/iers that our school against the sky. The whole bluff is a public
training in t)nsiness, like our college by day and hour by hour on the im-
park, lying perhaps one mile from the city,
training in engineering or in laiv, is portance of service to others as com-
pared with service to one's own self. and affording a magnificent view of the
a serious preparation for a specific harbor, the Sound, the'city, and West Rock,
ivork rather tlian a?i atteynpt to intro-
We must teach the pupil to do good a sister eminence on the west.
duce a wholesale smattering of knoivl- work and e.xpect to make money be-
After a pleasant return drive, beneath the
edge about that work into a general
cause the work is good, ra'her than
picturesque elms of the famous old univer-
curriculum. The fundamental to make money his primary object
diffi- sity city, among the handsome Yale build-
culty that zee have to fight every.vhere
and to do good work only so far as
ings, we alighted at the high school build-
in modern cducatipnal developmoit is
good work seems to contribute to that
ing, and almost at once business was taken
this tendency to spread smatterings of
end. In insisting upon this wide
understanding of what is valuable up in earnest. This Association has a most
knowledge so very thin that they become commendable way of disposing of its busi-
a mere whitewash of superficial infor- and what is practical in professional
training, we have a difficult task. ness at the beginning, instead of putting it
mation to cover an underlying black- off to the very last, as some of the other
ness of ignorance. According as our
We run counter to certain tendencies
Associations do, thus making it possible for
school management is good or bad, which during recent years have been
a little ring to push its own interests. As a
the existence of a commercial course very strong indeed. But if we have a
result of the brief and effective considera-
can be made either a starting point right to claim the proud title of edu-
tion of necessary business, Lowell was
for insisting that all pupils shall be cators we must not be content to take
selected as the next place of meeting, and
taught to do elementary sums right tendencies ready made. It is not
enough to swim with th(^ stream the following officers were elected: Presi-
before they take up that course, or a dent, J. D. Houston, New Haven, Conn.:
reason for excusing elementary when it goes the way we do want, and
First \'ice-President, J. H. Moore, Charles-
teachers from making their pupils do drift with it when it goes the way we
do not want. We must be prepared to town. Mass.: Second Vice-President, Miss
sums right because arithmetic is
somehow supposed to be the .special navigate our course independently — Nora Wright, Providence, R. I.: Secretary,
nay, to take measures to shape the H. G. Greene. Winchester, Mass. Treasurer,
;

province of the commercial course. C. H. Atkins, Lowell, Mass.

In the former case the effect is salu- very course and current of the stream
itself toward the ends which we believe At about eleven o'clock the regular pro,
tary from beginning to end. In the gram was taken up. Carlos B. Ellis, of
latter case it is as bad as it can be. desirable for the nation. Thus, and
thus only, can our calling make good Springfield, Mass., read an excellent paper
THE MONEY-MAKING .MOTI\E its claim to the title of public service. on " How can we train a student's personal
ity?" E. S. Colton, Jr., of Lowell, Mass.,
Another danger
inherent in the stirred things up l>y his vigorous plea for
professional education of todav, marked OiKerenee. strictrequirements and high standards in
whether for business or for tech- passing public school commercial work. E.
nology, for law or for medicine, is Pn.f. D. H. Hainer, Penman in Curry Col- E. Gaylord, of Beverly, Mass., gave a brief
the undue emphasis which it may lege, Pittsburg, Pa., wlin recently favnred argument in favor of intercommunication
u-a with a handsome list of subscriptions,
give to the motive of money-making business practice in such New England
writes: " Last year was the firstwe took
as compared with some other motives THKBusiNESsEouCAToRand our Students high schools as were properly organized to
which it is more important to develop were well pleased with it. I haye noticed a take up the work with advantage: and <i
for the sake of the individual and for marked difference in the penmanship of W. Williams, of Melrose, Mass., answered
those who uoe THE Bitsiness EDUCATOK
the sake of the public. intelligently and those who do mil." Mr. Gaylord with a vigorous negative argu-
 ,^^.^u^/n^dA/^/iua/!fr A
bient. It is to be regretted that Program Business Ethics
Cotnmittees never seem to learn by the
mistakes of their predecessors, and contin- Although a young man in business col-
ually make their programs too long, so that lege work, and therefore, perhaps not quite
discussion — the most valuable, if not the so well qualified to give an opinion on such
only really valuable, part of any educational unimportant question as many older ones,
yet I feel called upon to take advantage of
meeting — is necessarily shut off. The noon tl.e opportunity to express my views on the
hour had arrived, and this very interesting subject of Business Ethics.
subject had to be dropped from further con- Business education is the acquiring of
sideration. habits along commercial lines. These
The attractive restaurant of the "^ M. . C habits may be of two kinds, good or bad.
A. was the Mecca for the fifty or sixty ped- Among the good habits may be classed
agogues from twelve to one o'clock. There, neatness, accuracy, promptness, self-
reliance, etc.; the bad habits are just the
from seventh story windows, they ate and The good habits by
opposite of these.
chatted and looked out over the cit>'. At themselves, however, will not assure a
one-thirty. President Lakey again called \'oung man or j'oung woman of success in
the meeting to order, and J. H. Moore, of the commercial arena. There is one other
Koston (Charlestown High School), spoke prime essential — honesty. Honesty may
on the ground that should be covered in a be hereditary, as our Business Manager
modern commercial arithmetic Miss
;
friend's remarks would indicate, but it is my
opinion that it is the outcome of, to use
Emma Thrasher, of the Springfield tMass.) Washington's words, "that little spark of
High School, treated with vivacity and divine fire called Conscience." Without a
thoroughness the subject, "The \'alue of real live conscience, there could be no
Shorthand in the High School"; and A. T. H. M. ROWE. honesty. We can only have a live, active
Swift, of Providence, gave a thoughtful conscience by realizing within our souls
presentation of the subject of commercial that there is an ever-present, all-seeing
law, its scope, practical value, and the meth- God, and the closer we get to God the more
minds, the hearts, and the livesof everyone. acute does our couscience become. This
ods of teaching it. Bringing the question home to ourselves fellowship with the Father can only be
This was a very successful meeting, due the great question is HOW
shall it be taught
obtained through the reading of His Holy
chiefly to the indefatigable efforts of F. E. to be effective? How shall we teach it in Word.
Lakey and J. D. Houston. The organization our schools, our homes, and in our lives
in It is a lamentable fact that very few-
fills a useful niche. to exert the greatest influence upon those young people have any knowledge of the
about us. We can, of course, teach by pre- Bible. To be sure they have heard it read
cept and by example, but we must be care- in the public schools, but in a dry, unfeeling
ful as to how we present precept and set the
Rowe on Ethics. example.
way, a few disconnected verses here and
there, the teacher hurrying over the devo-
First of all we must beware of hypocrisy. tional exercises as though she grudged the
Editor Business Educator: Young people are lynx-eyed in detecting time spent in such a way. Then they hear
counterfeit morals and character, and es- it read in church once a weeft, if they hap-
I have your request for an expression
of
pecially when covered with the cloak of re-
my opinion on the subject referred to in pen to attend, but usually they are so much
ligion. One of the most vivid recollections engaged in whispering to their lady or
your November number under the head of of my boyhood relates to the distrust I felt gentlemen friends, whichever the case may
" Business Ethics and Business Colleges." towards a teacher of my class in Sunday be, that they do not hear a word that is
John Brisben Walker must not be taken school, and I have often recognized since spoken. Where, then, are they to receive
too seriously. Any one whois familiar with the influence of judgments and perhaps their knowledge of God's word? The busi-
tlie history of the private commercial prejudices formed at that early period of ness college must step into the breach and
schools knows that his criticisms are unjust my life.
supply this instruction, if they would turn
i would not condemn religious instruction out good, honest, upright, manly graduates.
and unfair. Mr. Walker is a rare specimen in schools if it be general. We must not
of that class of individuals with numerous
For a 5'ear, or perhaps two, from 50 to 150
forget that this is a land of religious lilierty
young men and ladies are under the
butnps on their heads, who go through the and freedom of thought, and that in our
influence and guidance of the proprietor of
world in a continual state of reproachful efforts to inculcate good morals we must each business college. They look to him as
surprise that people generally do not see not offend those who may hold doctrinal
an example of a business man; they are
things exactly as they do. views which vary from ours, and thus de- influenced by his view-s. his opinions, his
feat tne very object we have in view. Re- thoughts. They are at the age when they
All the great moral agencies from the
ligious prejudices are very keenlj' developed begin to realize that life is before them.
earliest times, including all the -religions in many young people because of home in-
and doctrines of the ages, have been endeav- Their minds are open for the reception of
struction and the beliefs which have been knowledge that will form their character.
oring, with only partial success, to accom- instilled in their minds from childhood. What better opportunity could a good.
plish for mankind what Mr. Walker asserts The true purpose of ethical teaching is to Christian man desire to impress the neces-
should be the principal business of the develop a proper appreciation of our duty to sity of a strict adherance to moral integrity.
business college. The niillenium is not
. ourselves and to others, to do unto others It is a well known fact that unless young
here. as we would have others do unto us. Just men and women embrace Christianity dur-
Ethics as a science treats of human duty, as a true man lives and practices ethics un-
ing their school daj-s, the chances are fifty
right character and conduct. Practical consciously in his daily walk and conversa-
to one that they never will. Solomon says,
ethics makes application of these principles tion, without thought or effort, so will the
in helping man to the attainment of right
"The fear of the Lord is the beginning of
true teacher of ethics influence others to knowledge." Therefore, there could be no
character and life. the adoption of these principles and prac- true education where such an important
There is a vast difference between ethics tices by an unconscious emulation of the
requirement is omitted. But precept alone
and religion. Religion is any system of virtues and graces which e.xhale from his have the desired result.
will never
faith or worship and relates to the spiritual life. ' Actions speak louder than words," is an
nature of man and to the worship of a super- The commercial teacher has unusual op-
old but true saying. The instructor must
natural being. One of the great purposes of portunities for most effective instruction in
live what he preaches, or his words go for
religion is to teach morality, and in this way ethics in the discussion of various commer-
naught. To do so perhaps, will win sneers
it has accomplished great good in the world. cial branches. Bookkeeping itself is a sys-
from the shallow minded, and lose him
Yet we find men of highest character and tem of equities. Every day in the school- students, but he will be well rid of such
siiperlative virtue who are but slightly in- room brings instances that can be turned to students and will not be under the neces-
fltienced by religious belief. Many of those teach a lesson in honesty, manliness, char-
sity of graduating those whom he cannot
are profound scholars and men of great ity, and the humanities. conscientiouslv recommend.
learning wlio see things broadly', therefore The commercial teachers of the country HARVEY B. HAYES,
it would seem that we cannot depend upon should not feel cast down by the criticism
McKeesport, Pa.
religion wholly to support a course in ethics. referred to. I am
sure they are doing their
Can ethics be taught? CertaiuU- it can. duty to the full extent of their ability in
It is being taught every day in the home, in endeavoring to develop the principles of H eorreetioti.
the school, in the church, in the street, and truth and honesty as guiding rule* of action
in the business office. Notwithstanding forevery young man and woman coming
Mr. Walker it is being taught, more or less, under their care. No body of teachers on The Program of the Private Commercial
in every business college in the country-. earth are actuated by higher motives and School Managers' Association which ap-
Civilization is teaching it, education is by greater consecration to their work and peared in our November issue should have
teaching it, the law is teaching it, and yet to the opportunities that come to them for been signed Enos Spencer, Pres't, instead of
it will be many centuries before the doctrine helping others to a higher and better life. as printed: " Mrs. Spencer, Pres't." Enos,
of right living, of decency, of honesty, and H. M. ROWE. your penmanship and our " specs" are rath-
of morality in all things will reach the Baltimore. Nov. 1, lOUl. er dim.

\
 f^^^u^n^4^ £fUu¥t^^ ^
producing in the Journal, the meritorious
work of others, and his own, for the benefit
of aspiring penmen. With a dozen en-
grossing artists employed at high salaries

d f^istory of penmen, (Early

he would sometimes produce engrossed
pieces prepared for societies valued in the
hundreds. In addition to this he has pre-
Business (Education, an5 pared for the profession and artists works
in lettering and designing of the highest
(Ebucators in Qmerica, order. There are no similar works to be
compared with Ames' Alphabet, Ames'
HIXMAN, WOKCKSTEK. Hand Book, and Ames Compendium.
'

Besides these, Ames' copy slips have had a

large sale. For manj- years after 1876 The
Penman's Art Journal was the onlj' organ
of commercial schools and teachers associ-

Daniel C. Jltncs* greed of Messrs. Bryant i Strattou who ations. Nearly every detail connected with
sought to absorb the college into their the Journal, including the answering of all
chain of schools. Failing to negotiate, they communications in longhand, (before type-
No other penmanship expert during the sought to frighten Mr. Ames witli their writers,! keeping the books, soliciting ad-
past thirty years has stood as prominently claim that within five years they would vertisements, editing, besides keeping in
before his profession and the world as the own or crush every business college in the touch w^ith progressive penmen and com-
subject of this sketch. Professor Daniel T. country. Mr. Ames would not be coerced mercial teachers, was all done by Mr. Ames
Ames. He was born in Vershire, Vt., in and a chain B. & S. college was started outside of hours connected with his en-
1834, and gained his early education in the and after a competing school war of one grossing establishment; also his public
district schools where he exhibited un- year Mr. Ames sold hisschool to his compet- ^\'ork as an expert in questioned writing.
usual excellence in the making of quill itors. For more than twenty years Mr. Ames was
pens and in their use in producing superior Soon after this Mr. Ames was admitted to the active editor of the Journal with one
penmanship. With his grandmother's the bar and entered upon the practice of ever constant ambition to do everything
receipt for making ink, by steeping white law. In 1869 he removed to New York and possible for all aspirants and toilers in every
maple bark in a solution of copperas, he became associated with Professor Henry department of the wide realms of the pen-
kept the school supplied. At the age of W. Ellsworth in the publication of writing man's art.
fifteen, while attending Chelsea Academy, books. Living in New York he became Mr. Ames' work as an expert in questioned
near his home, there came to the Academy impressed with the possibilities of con- hand writing began soon after his arrival
to teach a writing class, Professoc Lyman, ducting a large business in designing and in New York when the winning of a case in-
a celebrated traveling writing master. He engrossing, and in 1873 he established that a large bank suit and against long noted
shared a room with Mr. Ames who regarded business at 205 Broadway. There and at experts, gave him a strong local standing.
him as a man equal to Goliath in greatness. 202 and 203 Broadway the business has been Then came a case of National importance,
The next year there came an exceptionally highly prosperous for over thirty years. the Cadet Whittaker investigation at West
accomplished plain and ornanjental pen- In March and April, 1876, A. H. Hinman Point, and subsequent court martial at
man, O. W. Smith, then called the Spencer started in Pottsville, Pa., the Penman's Art New York. He was soon after employed
of New England, who taught the class with Journal which, before the third number, in the celebrated Morey Garfield's
the assistance of Mr. Ames, who became was transferred to Mr. Ames in New York. letter forgery in which his efforts were so
his special pupil and who received a full For over twenty years Mr. Ames made the highly appreciated that the National
course in plain and ornamental penman- Journal the greatest penmanship paper the Republican Committee refused to pay his
ship. With the skill and confidence gained world had ever known. During this time bill of $150.00, unless he would make it
Mr. Ames felt that he could boldly an- the arts of photo-lithographing and photo double that amount. Mr. Ames' fame be-
nounce himself as Professor of Plain and engraving came into use which enabled coming National has caused him to figure
Ornamental Penmanship, and for two Mr. Ames to reproduce and give to penmen in almost all of the great cases in the
winters following he taught the neighbor- the products of his engrossing, ^-riting and United States and Canada during the past
ing village schools and special writing flourishing skill, also that of the most skill- thirty years. He has also rendered opin-
schools evenings. ful penmen of the time. This gave to ions in two celebrated cases abroad, — that
At nineteen he entered Topsfield, Mass., students of pen art, throughout this and of Evelyn Hurlburt in London, and the
Academy as a student, also as Professor of other countries, models of art and skill Dreyfus case in Paris. He has been called
Plain and Ornamental Penmanship, and that were not only a revelation to penmen to investigate and give testimony in over
there remained four years preparing to but produced a revolution that resulted in 1300 cases, in many of which life or death
enter Dartmouth College. His writing improved work coming to the Journal from depended, and in t)thers millions of dollars
classes in Topsfield and surrounding towns all directions. Mr. Ames' love of his art, worth of property were at issue. The
gave him the means to attend the Academy and aspiration to
lo3'alty to his profession largest amount involved was in the cele-
and graduate. In 1857 he returned to his assist struggling penmen, caused him to brated forgeri»is against the estate of James
father's faim where he divided his time invest tens of thousands of dollars in re- G. Fair of San Francisco, involving
between farm work and the study of law, Another was a forged will
$20,000,000.00.
under the guidance of Judge Cobb of Strat conveying mining property to the value of
ford, Vt. While conducting a number of of A. J. Davis of Butte. Montana.
$13,000,000.00,
petty law suits, in\*olving book accounts,
Mr. Ames vast experience as an expert in
"

Mr. Ames concluded that a lawyer could questioned hand writing, together with his
well afford to become an expert accountant.
thorough knowledge of the law connected
With meagre means, yet faith in Provi- therewith, has exceptionally well qualified
dence, and pluck, he entered H. G. East- him to prepare his latest work " Ames on
man's Business College at Oswego, N. Y., Forgery" which is a masterpiece and the
as a teacher of Writing and student of result of an immense amount of labor in
Book-keeping. crystalizing the experience of thirty years.
In 1862 Mr. Ames went to Syracuse and During Mr. Ames frequent trips to Cali-
opened Ames' National School of Business. fornia in connection with the Craven-Fair
The conspicuous features were large tele- case, he became so enamored with the
graphy and stenographic departments to climate and beauties of the Golden state
that he resolved to make it his future home.
meet the great demand from the Govern- He accordingly purchased a hundred acre
ment on account of the war. fruit ranch in the famed valley of Santa
To Mr. Ames the credit seems due of Clara. In the spring of 189M, after closing his
starting the first School of Stenography in business in New York, he removed to the
connection with a business college. This town of Mountain View, Cal. There in the
Syracuse College soon became the second land of sunshine and flowers, among many
largest in the United States with an enroll- warm friends, he lives in the enjoyment uf
ease and comfort which he has richly earned
ment of over seven hundred students in through years of devoted service to the
1867. This phenomenal success excited the
world and humanity.
 f^^^^n^/i^di^dfu^^r* ^
tr'-

FEDEaATION ANNOUNCEMENTS
^ JJ
A glance over the various programs in this number of The Business Educator convince any one of the
will
intellectual and social feast in store for all who attend the meeting at Chicago holiday week. The fun begins on
Monday evening and doesn't end until Thursday evening; three full days and more of fellowship, exchange of views,
demonstration, etc.
Let us all turn out and honor Uncle Robert with the largest gathering of the kind ever held. Honor yourself by
being there. Ferris alone will be worth the price of admission lo hear, to say nothing of the other eminent men on
the Federation and Association programs. The feast is in every way worthy the expense, time, and effort.

Proaram national Commercial Program national Business « Do you find inter commimication busi-
ness practice satisfactory?
Ceacbers' Federation Ceachefs' dissociation. 9. Would you use an arithmetic with
jinswers or one without answers ?
10. Do you teach parliamentary law in the
Tl ESDAV, Dl CEMBER Ti. commercial course?
CHICAGO BUSINESS COLLEGE, DECEM- 11. What is the best method of making-
BER 26, 27, 28, 29, 1904 9:00A.M. Reception and Kegistratinn of corrections in the books?
Members. Report of Executive Committee.
President's Address. Query Box. (See list
I-. Should the books be closed before the
queries at end of tliis protiraiu.
statement is made or the statement made
MONDAY EVENING, 8 TO 10 O'CLOCK. 10:00 A. M. Bookkeepinir and Hu^-iuess
\

first?
Practice— A Svmpo.-iuui. How to Introduce 13. How do you interest a lazy boy in his
Reception at Palmer House. BookkeepiDig and the New Student. A. \V.
studies?
Dudlev, Des Moines, Iowa. How to Excite 14. Why shoi:ld advertising be taught in
TUESD.AV, p. M. the Stiident's Interest iu Bookkeeping. S. S.
commercial schools ?
Hookland, Philadelphia, Pa. Practical Busi- 15. How can English and advertising be
Address of welcome, Hon. C. S. ness Practice, H. .M.Owen. Decatur. Illinois.
combined in an overcrowded curriculum?
Where the Emphasis Should Be Put in the Hi. How can a teacher create interest and
Deneen, Chicago, 111. Bookkeepins Work. A. L. Gilbert, Milwau- enthusiasm in the class room?
Response to address of welcome, 17. Should every entry be checke<l be-
kee, VV^isconsin. General discussion. fore a pupil posts?
Hon. N. W. Ferris, Big Rapids, Mich. 11:00 A. M. English. Business for the IS. What are the essentials of an Audit ?
Business Man, JosepViiue Turck leaker, Chi- 19. What instructions, au.xiliary to text,
President's address, Robt. C. Spen- cago. Illinois. The Problem of English in relating to bookkeeping, business* custonis.
cer, Milwaukee, Wis. the School, Frances Efifinger-Raymond, Chi usages and forms, should be given by lect-
cago, Illinois. Why English is So Poorly ure and discussion?
Memorial from Business Manager's Written, Sherwin Cody, Chicago, Illinois. 20. What do you consider the weak point
Association asking for change of Discussion, G. A. Rohrbough, Omaha, Ne- in the ordinary business course?
braska G. W. Brown, Peoria, Illinois. Gen-
;
In which branch do you experience the
time of meeting, Jerome B. Howard, eral discussion.
21.
greatest trouble in graduating students ?
Cincinnati, Ohio. WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER '-'8. 22. Which branch or branches in a busi-
11:00 A. M Roll Call. Query Box. (See list
ness course is treated less clearlj- and fully
WEDNESDAY, P. M. of queries at the end of this i)rogram.)
than you consider necessary and in what
10:00A.M. Arithmetic. What Must Not manner might it be improved ?
" Business Training from a Bank- Be Omitted in the Teaching of Business
23. What do you do with a boy who makes
his entry first and thinks afterwards?
er'sStandpoint," Henry S. Henschen, Arithmetic:' W. N. Ferris, Big Rapids, Mich- 24. Should the bookkeeping course begin
igan. What Attention Sluuild He Given to with theory or practice?
Cashier State Bank of Chicago. Mental Arithnietic ? Richard .Nelson, Cin- 25. Which do you introduce first, the cash
"Citizenship," Judge Orrin N. cinnati. Ohio. Discussion opened by W. H. book or journal?
McCauley. Des Moines, Iowa W. E. White, ;
How do you meet the general educa-
Carter, of Cook County Court. Quincv, Illinois. 26.
tional deficiencies of the average student ?
" Systems of Commercial Educa- 10:45A.M. Commercial Law-A Sympos- 27. How do you secure interest in pen-
ium. 'Ihe Pedagogy in Law, J. A. Lyons, manship classes ?
tion," Prof. W. A. Scott, Dean of Chicago. Illinois. What to Teach in Law, How do you teach practical billing?
B. F. Williams. Des Moines, Iowa. How to
28.
School of Commerce of University of Teach Law Protitablv. E. W. Spencer, Mil- 29. How do vou teach
spelling?
Wisconsin. waukee, Wisconsin. General discussion. 30. What value should
the commercial
Methods in Teaching Rapid school attach to commercial geography ?
11:30 A. M. Should the commercial school demand
31.
THURSDAY P. .M. Calculations. G. E. King. Cedar Rapids, an entrance examination ?
Iowa; L. C. Horton. Trenton, New Jersev. 32. How umcli office work should a com-
"The Educational and Practical General discussion. mercial school attempt to teach ?
11:50 A. M. Business Meeting, Election of
Value of Penmanship," C. P. Zaner. Officers, etc.
33. To what extent should manner and
morals be taught in a commercial school?
"Corelations of the Branches of THURSDAY, DECEJIBER 29. 34. What place has ornamental penman-
Study Embraced in the Curriculum 9:00 Call. Query Box. (See list
A.M. Roll ship in a commercial school?
of Commercial Schools," Hon. W. N. of queries at the end
of this program.)
Ferris, Big Rapids, Mich. 9:45 A. M. What I Do for the Boy in Addi
"The Educational and Practical tion to Text-Book Training. C. M. Bartlett, Program
Cincinnati. Ohio. General discussion
Value of Shorthand and Typewrit- 10:30 A.M. Filing Correspondence, R. A.
ing," A. C. Van Sant, Omaha, Neb. Simon=on. Chicago, III.; F. A. Keefover. national Shorthand Ceaehers' Hssoeia'
"Organization and Management of Cedar Rapids, la. tlon, ehicaao Business eollege,
11:00 A. M. System. Discussion opened
Commercial Schools," Charles R. by T. J. Williams, Oshknsh. Wisconsin. ehicaao, December,
Barrett, Chicago, 111. Problems in Higher .Accountiim. W. H. 27, 28, 29
"The Importance, Place and Pos- Whigham, Chicago, Illinois Gttieriil dis-
cussion. MONDAY, 8:00 TO 9:(W P. HECEMBER
sibilities of a Course in Business M., 2G,

Ethics and Morality in the Curricu- Questions for Quei^y Box.

At Palmer House, reception and registra-
lum of the Educator," K. D. Wilt, When the time for query box arrives as tration of members.
shown by the program any member ma\'
Dayton, Ohio. call for the discussion of any of the follow- TUESD.W, 9:00 X. M., DECEMBER 27.
Discussion, lead by Mrs. Francis ing questions, or propose any others that
Etfinger Raymond and A. B. Parish, he 1 sh. 1. President's Address, W. O. Davis, The
Grand Rapids, Mich. 1. Should a student be required to use Davis Shorthand and Business School,
pen and ink in all bookkeeping work ? Erie, Pa.
J. When should the student be given as Secretary's Report, W. 1. Tinus, Chi-
2.
THURSDAY EVE. sistance on a trial balance? cago Business College, Chicago.
3. What bookkeeping instruction should 3. "The Essential Qualifications of the
Experience meeting — free to all. be given by lecture r Ideal Shorthand and! ype writing Teacher,"
Election of officers and selection of 4 What are the weakest points in the J. Clifford Kennedy. Cnderw< od Type-
bookkeeping course ? writer Co.. New York Citv. Discussion:
place of meeting. 5. What educational preparation is neces- "From the Standpoint of' the 1 eacher."
sary for successful commercial teachingr .Stephen D \an Bentbuysen, Principal
It hoped that Hon. Lyman J.
is (i. What will the commercial school of the School of Commerce, Grand Prairie Semi-
Gage of New York City will be se- future be? nary, Ouarga, Illinois. "From the Stand-
7. What subjects would \m\ include in point of the Business College Principal,"
cured for an address. the commercial course? G. W. Browii, President Brown's Business
 ^^^^uJ/ji^M^dfu^aifT ^
Colleges, Jacksohvilie, ill. " From That of Cross Eclectic — Frances H. North, Wis- Come prepared for a good time and a
the High School Principal." B. D. Parker, consin Business University, La Crosse, Wis. profitable time and don't go away disap-
Principal New Trier High School," Wil- Dement - Isaac S. Dement, Dement Pub-
mette, III. General discussion. pointed. Encouraging words are coming to
lishitlgCo., Chicago.
4. " What is Required of Shorthand Grad- Graham — H. L. Andrews, the Martin us from all parts of the country. The Chi-
uates and Wherein Thej- Fail to Meet the School, Pittsburg, Pa. cago meeting is bound to be a great success.
Demands of Business," Walter J. Durand. Gregg -Thos. P. Scully, Bartlett Com- We want you and you need the help of the
Employment Department, Keniington mercial College, Cincinnati, Ohio. association. Special railroad and hotel
Typewriter Co.. Chicago. Discussion led Isaac Pitman — P. B. S. Peters, Manual rates will be secured.
by John S. Bromley, Head Stenographer Training High School, Kansas City, .Mo. Be on hand early Tuesday morning as we
for Armour & Co.. Chicago. Munson — A. C. Van Sant, The Van Sant
5. "The Handling and Correction of School of Shorthand and Typewriting, are going to begin on time and keep things
Transcripts," led by .Mrs. Katharine Isbell, Omaha, Neb. moving throughout the three days' meet-
Brown's Business College, Terre Haute, Publishers, writers and teachers of short- ing.
Indiana, and Mrs. Laura J. Bailey, Barnes' hand who are interested in the formation Hopingtomeet you personally at Chicago,
Business College, St. Louis, Mo'. General of sections not included in the above list
discussion. should communicate with R. A. Grant, ^'ours truly.
Chairman of Executive Committee, Yeat-
WEDNESD.\Y, 9:00 A. ?r., DECEMBER 28. raan High School, St. Louis, Mo., or W. O. A. F. Harvey, President.
Davis. President, Davis Shorthand School,
1. Section Meetings for the Writers of the Erie, Pa., and other sections will be formed
Leading Systems of Shorthand. Subject: if there is sufficient demand. Incorporation of the American eommer^
*'
Methods of Teaching the EarU- Lessons in eial Schools institution
Shorthand, Time and Attention Required expert Cypewriter Operators
for the Principles Taught, to Give the Best
Foundation for More Advanced Work." While no demonstrations in rapid oper- 1 beg leave to announce that the commit-
(Illustrated. I ating by the touch method are scheduled tee on the American Commercial Schools
on the regular program, arrangements have
9:45 A. ?I.
been made for several of the most expert Institution, which was authorized to pro-
typewriter operators in the country to ceed with the incorporation of the institu-
2. "Some Questions Concerning the De- attend the convention. These operators tion at the last meeting of the Federation
velopment of Rapid and Legible Writing," will be pleased to give demonstrations for will report to the coming Chicago meeting
W. E. .McDerniut, Verbatim Reporter, Ash- any who may desire to see this kind
land Block, Chicago. Discussion led by that the institution has been incorporated,
of work.
Alva O. Reser. Official Court Stenographer^ and a preliminary organization effected.
La Favette, Ind.
Exhibition of School Ulorli All commercial teachers and school pro-
3. " In What .Manner and to What Extent prietors should therefore come to the Fed-
Can a .Shorthand Teacher Correlate English It is hoped that a large number of pro- eration meeting, prepared to take an active
and Shorthand Instructions During the gressive teachers will contribute to an interest in developing the plans of the in-
Period Devoted to Shorthand?" Hervey D. exhibit of pupils' work in shorthand and
Vories, Ex-State Sup't. of Public Instruc- stitution. All schools that desire to become
typewriting. The work placed on e.xhibi-
tion for Indiana, and President of Vories' tion should, if possible, represent three affiliated with the institution will have the
Business College, Indianapolis, Ind. Dis- stages of progress — beginning, middle and opportunity, and all teachers who may
cussion led by Frances Effinger-Raymond, termination of the course. The papers desire to take up the teachers' training
The Gregg School, Chicago, and Chas. T. should all appear in the condition they are courses will have the same fuUj* explained
Piatt,Egan School of Business, Hoboken, turned in to the teacher by the pupil errors
;
to them.
X.J. marked, references to text-book, and rele-
4. "Begmningand Advanced Dictation; vant hints indicated in red ink. The type- It is proposed, if possible, to organize the
Matter and Methods Eniploved." illustrated writing portion should iiiclude specimens Advisory Council, which represents the
by a class in shorthand from the Metropoli- of transcription, copying, manifolding and affiliated schools, and to further the details
tan Business College — Alden S. Rinker, mimeographing. It is expected that the of the organization as much as possible.
Metropolitan Business College. Chicago. e.xhibits will show errors, because such
Discussion led by S. H. East, Shorthand H. M. Rowb, Chairman.
errors andtheir treatment will comprise
Training School, Indianapolis, Ind. the educational value of the exhibit.
THURSD.W, 9:00 A. M., DECEMBER Special notice.
29. Cypewriters and Cext Boeli exhibits
Section Meetings for the Writers of the
1.
In a typewriter exhibit room mav be
Leading Systems of Shorthand. Subject: In response to letters asking advice on
foinid all the standard makes of machine
" Methods of Developing .^peed and Legi-
in charge of a representative of each com- Commercial Geography Ihavead vised man^'
bility After a Study of the Principles Has pany, and also an expert operator In the to get The Bi'siness Educator for last
Been Completed." Illustrated. Rapid writ- room for the exhibit of textbooks may be year and this containing my articles. That
ing demonstrated. found the leading systems of shorthand,
typewriting and other text books used in is no longer possible as the editon of 1903-04
9:45 .\. M. commercial schools; also the various niag- is exhausted and the September number of
azines published in the inrerest of short- the Professional editon of 1904. It has been
" Training in Practical Office Work as a
2. hand, typewriting, penmanship and com-
Finishing Part of a Shorthand Course." mercial education. suggested that they be reprinted in
W. F. Caldwell, Principal Brown's Business The exhibit rooms will be closed during pamphlet form containing all the articles
College, Rockford, 111. Discussion led by the sessions of the convention.
Geo P. Lord, Principal Salem Commercial for the two years. This will require that the
School, Salem, Mass., and Worthington C. Hn Invitation book be set up again in different form, and
Holnian, Advertising Manager .Shaw- as it would be largely a book for teachers the
Walker Company, Chicago. All teachers and persons interested in
a) "Methods of Conducting a Tvpe- sale would be limited. All persons who
3. I
Shorthand and Typewriting are cordially
Tvriting Department," illustrated by a class invited to become members of the Associa- would be willing to buy a copy of the book-
from the Chicago Business College — Miss tionand co-operate in making the Chicago let at 50 or fiO cents per copy are requested to
Susannah Massey, Chicago Business Col- meeting the greatest gathering of its kind
lege, Chicago. General discussion. ever held in America. send their names by letter or postal card as
lb) "A Class in Touch Typewriting Com- soon as possible. If enough replies are re-
posed of Teachers, and Suggestions to be ceived to cover the cost of production the
used in Teaching," Miss Elizabeth Van national Business Ceaehers' Jlssoeia^
Sant, The Van Sant School of Shorthand articles will be printed,
and Typewriting, Omaha, Neb. General tion. Frank O. Carpexter.
discussion.
4. Election of officers. WATERLOO, lOWA, October 19, 1904.
To The Teacher of Comjierciai. Che Best.
System Section Itleetinas Branches-
I have never received a journal that
As
indicated in the foregoing program, Are you planning attend the next meet-
to pleased me so well as the present copy of
provision is made for the meeting in sepa- ing of the National Business Teachers' The Business Educator. It is simply
rate sections of the writers and teachers of Association to be held in the Chicago Busi- fine, and any one who cannot get one
the various systems of shorthand. Thus, ness College, December 27-29? If you are dollar's worth of good from it during the
writers of the Graham system will assem- year has not much of a taste for writing or
not, you are going to miss the best meeting
ble in one room, Benn Pitman in another, commercial education. Any one course of
Gregg in another, and so on. While uni- this association ever had. Our E.xecutive now run it is going to be
lessons being in
form subjects have been assigned for the Committee has prepared an excellent pro- worth all I pay for the whole journal this
various sections, the discussions and illus- gram, bristling full of good things. They
trations therein will have special applica- liave left plenty of room for general dis- H. O. W.\RREX,
tion to the systems represented. If the cussion and query box. We
want everyltody Ashtabula Business College,
attendance in' any section is not large to feel free to express himself. Ashtabula, Ohio.
enough to warrant those present carrying If >ou attend the meeting, yoti will be
out the program, they can attend the sec-
tion that seems to meet their requirements made welcome and made to feel at home.
best. New members will be especially looked Hppreciative Words from Canada.
A
chairman will be selected for each sec- after. President Spencer, of the Private The Business Educator, in my
tion to preside at the meetings and co- School Managers' Association, writes us opinion, isthe best Business Ct)llege paper
operate with the executive committee in that their meetings are arranged so as not issued. I mean by that, it is worth more to
securing competent persons for the subjects to conflict with the meetings of the Busi- students attending business schools than
assigned. The chairmen, and sections for any paper published so far as I am
which arrangements have been completed, ness Teachers. This assures the presence familiar with the different papers.
are as follow^s: of a large number of excellent men who W. WESTERVELT,
J.
Benn Pitman — F. E. Hayniond, Lock- have been kept out of our meetings in the Prin. Forest City Business Collge,
year's Business College, Evansville, Ind. past. London, Ont.
 f^^^ud/neU^^fAu^U^r^ ^
spend his father's hard earned equally eas>- to obtain good results in the
Jlraument for a Strict Require^ to
schools of any size perhaps you would think
savings in a commercial school, be-
ment and Wmh Standard for cause our public schools should serve all students in all schools ought to reach
Passing in litgb School just that boy. the same goal in order to pass As to the
eommercial Ulork In trving to raise the standard of former I've long passed the time where I
requirement in our course we must hoped to grind all my students out alike,
COLTON, LOWELL, MASS. NEW EN- bear in mind that we owe a duty to and as to the latter, you will learn by teach-
E. S.
society to provide for boys and girls ing in different places tliat the average boy
GLAND HIGH SCHOOL COMMEKCIAL
TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION, NEW who have not considered the matter and girl are much the same, but that the
of any higher education than our factory cities and the suburban residential
HAVEN, CONN.. OCT. 21-22, 1;I04
school' can give. To let them go be- cities contain children whose environ-
fore they complete the course leaves ments aie widely different, whose ambitions
In making my argument for a high
are different, and whose time to do their
standard I shall base my statements the work for someone else to do, or
for the student to learn his lessons in work is not the same, and the best way to
naturally upon feasible and workable know how much
life by hard knocks if he ever learns to require of your boys
plans of my own experience in the and girls, is to tzy your class and see how
four different schools where I have them.'
the average student comes out. Every
taught, and which cover all the con- It is mv private opinion that an
school is of course able to produce similar
ditions of the various sized New ideal first" year's work is produced
results in quantity, but as to quality of
England High Schools. not by multitudinous requirements,
work, that is where the standard of require-
In the first place allow me to pre- but by requiring accuracy, neatness,
honesty, promptness, cleanliness, at- ment seems to differ. Let us take the sub-
sent the necessity of the equality of ject of English, the subject of most impor-
the various courses in a school. I tention to details in the few subjects,
and the average amount of ground tance as a basis for any course. In Lowell
believe the Commercial Course should tiie students in ourcommercial course have
be equallv as hard as the other covered in them.
four years of English precisely like the boys
courses in the school, I also believe The committee of nine of the N. E.
A. Commercial Section mapped out and girls who are taking the college course;
that it can be made their equal in our English teachers meet once a month,
educational value, it should be their a course in which commercial sub-
jects were given about 50 per cent, of reports on the work done are compared, and
equal in the length of time required many papers of students of various courses
to complete it, and the teaching force the time, and academic subjects the
other 50 per cent. I think that a very are read and discussed. Teachers who
should be comprised of men and handle the commercial students have
women who in their special lilies of fair treatment of the relative subjects,
but I do believe our teachers of the some special features to present in addition
work are the equals of their co- to the regular work covered. The work of
workers in other lines. academic studies should commercial-
way should be them, and we find they do in teachers of Commercial Correspondence
The course in every ize
comes under the head of English, and such
treated with equal consideration and Algebra, Geography, French, and
(German, and t"he subject of English teachers attend tliese meetings. Every
be given equal prominence with the
is one where the commercial teacher teacher in the Commercial Department de-
other courses. If you will pardon
my personal references, I would state may work in his specialties. mands good English in his or her subject,
think the academic studies should either in oral class work or in written papers,
that the Lowell High School has I

eight courses, all of which are so be all they are in the academic and for any inability to properly construct
equally arranged as to the value of courses, with specialties and com- good expressions when working in the Law
or Stenography classes, or in the Book-
the subjects, that pupils may inter- mercial features added.
change freely, bv substituting a study It is often felt bv the teacher in keeping or Correspondence, that pupil is
of some other course for one in their the small High School where some referred to his or lier teacher in English for
own coitrse, and yet cover the re- one hundred students attend, that it special instruction. Everyithing is done by
quired number of subjects for a is not possible to do with, or require the faculty to promote good English, and to
diploma. from, the thirty or forty .-.tudents see that it is used, our standard is high and
will notice that I shall speak
You taking the commercial course, any we get good results, and allow me to sug-
in a very general way to cover all the work that would compare with the gest that this playing into one another's
conditions arising in various locali- work in a school of one thousand liands on the part of the teachers, in requir-
ties, and various sized schools. Al- pupils where three or four hundred ing the liest of any subject in so far as it
low me to speak of the class of stud- elect the commercial course. This is pertains to their own, is a most successful
ents we receive, and our duty to a sad mistake. I know frorn my ex- method, and cements the relations of the
them, as bearing upon the high stan- perience in schools of both sizes that separate subjects, and teaches careless
dard and strict requirements. .Since so far as the work goes, it is simply students that good English is not over when
the advent of the Commercial Course one division to handle instead of five the recitation in English is dismissed, nor
in our High Schools we notice a cer- in a subject, and any teacher who is good writing forgotten by those who do not
tain class of boys who would natu- experienced and alive can make his teach it.
rallv drop out of the school before course as interesting and attractive Good Writing — Well, I suppose I should
the first vear of their course is com- to the forty pupils as he can if he has warm up every teacher, principal, and
pleted, now remaining in the Com- four hundred requiring the help of supervisor, if I should permit myself to say
mercial Course for three or four other teachers. The requirements things about penmanship, but I would
years, showing that the course has a can be made just as great in the travel a greater distance than from Lowell
certain mission in keeping that class small High School as in the large to Xew Haven to say a few things about
of boys off the street and in school, one, provided the teacher is one with good writing, and I don't need to let vertical,
until they are better fit for employ- experience in the commercial world, slant, backhand, or medial, be the only
ment and can make better citizens. and has not simply stopped going to things to discuss, simply because style
This class of students would not school himself, and commenced does not make the writing as it only too
remain in our school a year should teaching. I believe it is wise to be- often makes the man or women.
they elect a classical or the old time gin to teach under the direction of an My friends, in Lowell there is no limit to
experienced workman, for your own the standard of requirement in writing.
general course. True, we don't get a bit better result than
It is the commercial fioi'clty which faults will be made known to vou,
you do in your own school, but we have a
holds him, and you can crowd that and will not cost j-ou your position, liigli standard and all teachers make good
student in the commercial subjects nor the students' misdirected in- use of it. The excuse that one cannot write
without complaint. He must not struction. well is not available, for my boys and girls
form an idea that they are easy, and The success of high standards in come to me to learn to write well, I never
that the other subjects are dry. Now the small High School and large expected them to come to me knowing how
High School are alike due to the suc- to write, and soon we understand each
since the moral good done by our
commercial course is so great in re- cessful management of the schools, other.
and ability of the teaching force. Mathematics is a subject which I dare not
taining the boy who might be on the say too much upon, as you are to hear from
street were there no commercial It is possible that some of you before me one this afternoon who knows more about
course, I say that we must not re- today would like to have me state just e.x- figures than I do. However. I suggest that
quire so much in our first year as to actly how much work ought to be done in you impress upon your first >'ear students
completely discourage that boy and each subject in order to call it a high stan- that accuracy is what makes a uiathema
drive him away to work in a shop, or dard, and since I have intimated that it is tician and unaccuracy unmake him.
30 .^^fSBiO/iwU^^^/iu^^r* ^
principal topic in the afternoon was, " How-
It a boy cannot add a column of
figures in
.'^^"'=^
=r% do we advertise?" in which a number of
bookkeeping, his teacher of arithmetic ex-
tends a most enticing invitation to improve W excellent suggestions were made. The
association in Indiana is growing and good
by an assignment of extra work in addi-
tion. We find quick mental arithmetic
pewriter meetings are being held; they are perhaps
not frequent enough to get the greatest
drill given in connection with the
algebra
very helpful. Field Notes. amount of benefit. The association has
been meeting twice a year, usually in the
In mathematics if figures do not come springtime of the year and the fall.
right they are made to come right before
we go further, the standard of perfect-past
present-and future-is demanded in math- On November 1st, the Fox Typewriter Co.,
ematics. I always tell my pupils that Ltd., will open a branch office in Kansas
Business education in Scotland
figures never could be 70 per cent, right or City, Mo., occupying the entire store at lOi
50 per cent, wrong, it is either right or E. lOth St. Not long since Wm. Bruce, Principal of
wrong. When you balance your cash or Bruce's Business College, Dundee, .Scot-
draw up a balance sheet, its right or its The Underwood Typewriter seems to be land, requested that we mail him some of
wrong. I am almost ready to believe that meeting with much favor in high schools,
St. Louis having just added forty to their the leading school catalogs of this country,
the marking system in percentage, now so departments. It is said that more I'nder- which we did. Referring thereto he says:
much in vogue in our schools, does not help woods are used in the high schools in .New " All of these show a high degree of effi-
us to teach accuracy, exactness; nor mor- York and Brooklyn than all other makes ciency, both in the get up of the catalogs,
ality for that matter, for what is the use of combined. We are informed that the Un- and the work the business colleges are
placing our approval upon things which derwood was awarded the grand prize at
highest doing. Business Education in the states
are not 100 per cent, right in this world, the St. Louis World's Fair, being the;
seems to be many ages in front of this
when we know such practice will not be award made, and not shared by any other country in regard to the popularity of the
tvpewriter. J. Clifford Kennedy has had courses with the young men and women
admissible in the next. And now may I charge of the L'nderwood exhibit at the
call to vour attention the necessity of good
generallj-. However, the business edu-
Fair and will probably take up school work cation that is imparted here, though not so
figures", that matter falls to the lot of the with the company at the close of his en- ambitious as in the United States, is yet of
teachers of writing, and again there is no gagement at St. Louis. a thorough nature, and is growing in popu-
limit to the standard, and we use many larity year bv year.
schemes for obtaining good figures. The Fox Co. has just recently put a new Ten vears ago when I opened this Institu-
manager in at Topeka in the person of Mr. tion, tiiere was not a single Business School
In stenography and typewriting I believe F. A. Robinson, who has previously been in this city. Now there are five, all striving
in demanding and obtaining accuracy in connected with the Underwood agency at for supremacy, and all claiming to be the
everv detail, and not passing students who Topeka. best."
are not qualified, that is the only way to Mr. Bruce is as modest and frank as he is
establish a reputation for high standards. Mr. Harry M. Ballard. Chicago Manager
Now since the Commercial Novelty is the for the Fox' Typewriter Co., Ltd., has lately impartial regarding the relative merits of
been promoted bv that company to the commercial education Europe and Amer-
attraction in our course, let Commercial position of Field Manager, and assumed his
in
Ideas, and Commercial Features prevail in new duties October 17th. ica. His last sentence, however, indicates
the non-commercial studies, let us hear our that in matters of competition and adver-
languages spoken of as commercial rather tising, our friends across the waters have
than the technical. Let our Mathematics Tnterestins meetina o« tb* Indiana Bus- somehow caught the spirit of a good deal
be Commercial, and let our sciences be iness eolUge Hssociation in East's of the advertising that is done in this
Commercial. Mr. Gilly's paper read at the Shorthand Crainina School. country, and that the rivalry between com-
N. E. A. on Commercial Chemistry and Indianapolis. Indiana.
Physics expresses my idea of how the peting schools seems to be about as strenu-
academic studies should meet the strictly ous there as here. The general spirit, how-
commercial studies half way in trying to The business college proprietors and ever, of the communication under question
blend and make the ideal course. teachers of the various schools in the state evinces no bitterness toward competitors,
I shall over run the time allowed me for of Indiana had an interesting meeting in
Indianapolis, Saturday, November 5. Quite
and on the whole bespeaks progress and
this paper were I to talk of the standard practicability on the part of Mr. Bruce.
upon each individual subject which may be a large number of people who are interested
placed in a Commercial Course, but I would in business colleges were present who had
like to encourage all teachers in Commer- some interesting discussions.
Mr. M. H. Lockyear, from Evansville, an-
cial work to strive for the highest ideals in
order to show our academic brethren that
our course is a strenuous one, and when the
higher institutions of learning make it
nounced the topic, " Shall the business col-
lege be under state control?-" This was
thoroughly discussed after an excellent
'^^ tsrg^yty^c:)
possible for us to fit for them from our talk on the subject by S. A. Drake, of Lafay-
special course we can easily meet the re- ette, who gave it his opinion that it would
not be to the best interests of the private In September our good friend E. H. Bean,
quirements because our standard is high, of the Central Commercial College. Denver,
and we are ready. Should you as heads of schools to be under state control. Mr. Enos Colo., took upon himself a life partner in
departments and you as specialists teaching Spencer, from Louisville, Ky., was present, the person of Miss Florence Timmons, of
the branches for which you especially who also gave a very interesting and help- King Citv, Mo. We have it from good
trained, insist upon the highest standard ful talk on the same subject. authority' that Mr. Bean secured a most
for an ideal, from tlic- be^itJiJi'rig-, you will There was also a great interest taken in companionable wife, and we know from
the subject, "Would a certificate from the personal acquaintanceship that she has
find at the end of their course the students secured a most desirable husband. Here s
will meet your requirements with seeming state to the student be an advantage to to their prosperity an. I happiness.
case. business colleges?" It was the general
Let mesay that unless each and every opinion and thetrend of thediscussion that
the business colleges would be much better Alice B. Brearlev,
duty of a student from his entrance to his Henry E. Wygal.
exit, i-i fulfilled with accuracy in every if they did not affiliate in any way with the
Married,
detail, he is failing to form the habits that state schools or lie supervised by any who (October ninth.
are necessary to turn out work which will may be put in office by the state. There Nineteen hundred and four.
meet the high standard. Not a solitary was, however, a committee appointed by Providence, R. I.
problem in mathematirs is to be left undone, the president to which all agreed, to look Residence, 17 Lake View Ave.
after the final examinations of all pupils Cleveland, Ohio.
not a paper in the bookkeeping passed by
unexamined, not an error in shorthand who desire a certificate of proficiency. This
unnoticed, nor a mistake in typewriting committee is to formulate a plan for these
corrected by erasure, have things right, examinations of business college graduates.
that is what your requirement wants to be A lively discussion was also entered into
for students to be able to reach the high by the members of the association on, Wednesday, October the twelfth,
standard which you have decided upon, for ' Howdo we regulate prompt attendajice nineteen hundred and four.
passing in the various subjects. and prevent tardiness in school?" The Sacred Heart Church,
experience of the various teachers and
New Haven, Conn.
If we would have the course recognized At Home,
as e«| lal in e.bicatiiinHl value to the ..tlier principals was given and many good help- luth High Street,
c.mrse in the -^cliools, we must make the ful thoughts were advanced. ovember first,
r, qllirenlent^, itf a high order. I cannot Mr. East, the proprietor of the school at •
Britain, Conn.
imagine it piis-ilile that any scliool would which the Association meeting was held,
perniil pupil- in tlie coinniercral course to was tendered a unanimous vote of thanks
gra hiate with uit fnllilling the complete for his kind interest in the matter and his Mr, T. Everett Miliier
requirement •! the c.uir-e, ami if the course efficiententertainment of the members of Miss Laura M. Weirick
Married
is as diflicnil ami valual>le educationally the association. ;day, October eighteenth, nineteer
as the •>tner courses, ci'rtainl>- pupils will The national meeting that is to be held in hundred and four
not s' lect it because it ea-y, but rather
is Chicago during the holidays was also dis- At Home
because i>f its peculiar and special merits cussed, and earnest invitations were ex- er Thursday. October twenty-seventh
l!i41 East Tuscarawas Street
which fit tiie student for something which tended to all to meet there and become •

members of the national association. The Canton, Ohio

no other course can do,
 f^^^ud/ned^yiadfu^a^r* ^
Did you get one of those Michigan En- Ira Richardson, Park Rapids, Minn., takes
/^^^^:?yfc„,- graving Company booklets in its " Joseph's Mr. Eckels' place in tiie Cheltenham High
coat of many colors"? We think Mr. W. S. School. Mr. Richardson was formerly a
Stillman, the manager, is an advertising well known and very successful teacher of
genius. If vou don't think so, or if vou
News Notes don't know. "just ask him for his The-Open-
Door-in-China-envelope. Their ad is in
Gregg sliorthand and commercial subjects,
in Minneapolis.
and N<)ti<rcs. another column. Miss Harriett Beaumont has been chosen
an assistant in the Atlantic City (N. J.)
The most suggestive of recent contribu High School.
tions to pedagogical literature on arithme- D. VV. McMillan has been re-elected at an
tic is a monograph entitled "The Outlook
for Arithmetic in America," bv David increased salary for thecommercial work in
Mr. <.. K. (;n-t;it>Mii. formerly of Ran- Eugene Smith. If you will mention THE the Princeton (111.) High School.
dolph, Kaiis.,;in(i more recently of Colum- EDUCATOie. the publishers, Ginn & Co.. of has engaged with the
J. A. Matthias
bus, <>., i?; the new commercial teacher in Boston, will send you a copy free. IJrake Business College, Orange, N.
the New Britain, Conn., Commercial Col- J.
lege. Mr. Gustafson is a fine younj; man,
and will doubtless give satisfaction in his
new field of labor.
Allan
(N. H.)
E. Herrick. of the
High School, recently gave an in-
structive address on Commercial English.
before the New Hampshire State Teachers'
Manchester
.rr::^ ^ . ,
,^^>^:; rr^ ..

Mr. S. E. Hartow. Albany. N Y.. the well Association.

known expert penman, has received a silver
medal for work exhibited at the World's The Associate Editor was honored re-
School anti
Fair. cently by being asked to address the New
Hampshire State Association of Academy Professional
The wide-awake proprietor of tlie Law- Teachers on the subject, "The Best Method
rence. Mass..
Keesling. is
Commercial School, Mr. H. O.
conducting
a series of lessons
of Teaching the Commercial Subjects in
the Academy." He made many very pleas- m^
in practical business writing in the " Law- ant acquaintances.
rence Telegram," a leading newspaper of Mr. 11. D. Buck of the Scrauton Business
that citv. The lessons occupy about one- At noon Tuesday, (^)ctober I'ath. 1W4. Mies College has purchased his partner's inter-
fourth of a page. This is the best advertis- Helen Isaacs and Mr. Leroy Ackley were est, that of Mr. A. R. Whitmore.
ing scheme we have seen for many a day. married at the home of her parents, Mr. and
Mrs. E. K. Isaacs of Los Angeles, Calif. The P. M. Bridges, of the Metropolitan Busi-
Mr. Adolph Mohler, formerly of Dawson. press notices indicate a pretty and pleasant
wedding. ness College, Dallas, Tex., informs us that
Minn., is now Principal of the Shorthand
and Commercial Departments of the Alex- they have enrolled about one hundred
andria (Minn.) Business College. Messrs. F. O. Gardiner and K. V. Dixon students since .September 1st. He also re-
have purchased the Stockton, (Calif.) Busi- ports that they are now pleasantly housed
Mr. Chap. Etzler, penman and commercial ness College, and have also established a in their new building, which is a model of
teacher in the Gilbert Commercial College. branch school in Oakland. Thev began in beauty and up-to-dateness. He states that
Milwaukee. Wis., writes a splendid business Oakland with an enrollment of twenty-
students, but now report that over they are succeeding in building up a splen-
hand. He is a graduate of the Gem City five
did institution, and that everythingis mov-
Business College, Quincy.Ill., and an ex- seventy-five are in attendance. Undoubt-
perienced public and commercial school edly these capable and energetic gen- ing like clock work.
teacher. tlemen will succeed in building up two
splendid institutions. As our readers are I. W. Patton, who until recently has been
well aware, both of these gentlemen are
Mr. J. S. Currj', who travels the country highly skilled in penmanship, and for this connected with Wood's School, New York
over, exclusively in the interest of the reason the penmanship work in these City, has embarked in business on his own
shorthand publication of The Burrows institutions will no doubt be of a high account, having recently established the
Brothers Co., of Cleveland, is now making standard. Patton School at Madison Ave. and Eighty-
an extended western trip. He reports sev- sixth St. Mr. Patton writes that he has a
eral fine adoptions of Day's Manual, Colum- A. F. Foote.of the Holyoke, Mass. Busi-
bian Edition, also of The Dictation Manual,
i i
nice little school which is rapidly growing.
ness Institute, recently favored us with a New York is a large city, and we doubt not
recently issued by The Burrows Brothers. good-sized club, and from his letter we learn
He is one of the most conscientious and that they recently leased new quarters for that there is room for another good school
faithful laborers in the shorthand field, and their school and had them reniodeled to such as Mr. Patton is conducting. Success
thinks there is no book equal to Day's Man- suit their con venienct* and work. They are to you. friend P.
ual. Judging from the great satisfaction also having manufactured expressly to
this book gives wherever used, we believe orderofficefixtures and desks. Theirequip-
he is quite warranted in feeling thus. We N. C. Brewster, who some time ago opened
wish him all success.
ment will then be first-class, and will the Wellsville (N. Y.) Business School,
measure up with the best in that line.
states that he was very fortunate in secur-
Mr. O. K. Weibley, who has been teacliing Mr. W. X. Philips is located in Spokane ing Miss Millicent H. Knapp for the head of
in the Carlisle, Pa., Conimercijil College, instead of Tacoma. Wash., as announced in his shorthand department. Miss Knapp
has opened the Keystone Business College the November Business Educatok. has had sixteen years experience in Elmira,
in Chambersburg, Pa. We wish him N. Y., in one school, and is regarded as one
success.
of the most capable teachers of shorthand
Miss Annie B. Carpenter, formerly of in the country. Mr. Brewster states that
Shelbyville, Ky., is teaching commercial his school is gaining nicely in attendance,
work in the public schools of Louisville, and that the future looks bright for his
Ky. The Board of Education of that city in
her election have added to their already
The, March o)i institution.
strong commercial force a most capable
and conscientious teacher. the Petla^oi^ues. The Alma College Commercial School,
Alma, Mich.,E. D. Pennel, Principal, is one
We have been informed that the well of a number of similar institutions that
places The BUSINESS Educator upon its
known Esterbrook Steel Pen Mfg. Co., supply list for all commercial students.
Camden, K. J., has been awarded the grand Mr. Pennel is an expert penman himself
prize at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Miss Kdna R. Hartiiiaii, iif lialtiniore, has
at St. Louis. Enterprise and merit are sure taken hold of the commercial department and produces splendid results on the part
of his pupils. He is one of the most pro-
to win. of the Hammonton (\. J.) High School. gressive teachers of whom we have knowl-
Glen \V. Hunt, of Little Falls, N. Y., has edge. No wonder the commercial depart-
Some strikingly handsome work has come engaged with Huntsinger's Business Col- ment of Alma College is doing well.
to our desk from the Michigan Engraving
Company, of CJrand Rapids They are lege, Hartford, Conn.
making use of a new process that they call H. A. McKinnon, a recent graduate of the The Hazleton, Pa., Business College re-
Letter-Press-Litho, for imitation work on Shenandoah (Iowa) Normal School, has moved into the Y. M. C. A. Building,
cently
letter heads, covers, etc., and the results begun teachingin the Bucyrus -(Ohiol Busi- where the\' have nuach larger and lietter
challenge admiration. Furthermore the ness College. eiiuipped rooms. Thev have consolidated
product is not expensive. their night school with that of the Y. M. C.
C. T. Cragin, well known among the old- A., making both the stronger for it.
Thursday evening. October 6, a very time commercial teachers as an admirable
pleasant reception was given to D. G. good fellow and an excellent teacher, has L. E. Stacy, of the Salem (Mass.) Com-
Boleyn, on his return to Brown's Business gone into actual business. His many mercial School, reports a very prosperous
College, Peoria, from his strenuousand suc- friends will wish him
great success. condition of things in that institution. He
cessful summer as assistant to Mr. Brown Archibald Cobb, for many years connected states: "We have a great school, full to
in his exhibit at the Fair. Mr. Boleyn's with Bank's Business College, Philadel- overflowing, and more corning."
success in this difficult work marks him phia and, since the death of Mr. Banks, the It is hard to predict when prosperity will
what all his intimate friends have long ;
reach its highest mark, especially when
known him to be; viz., one of the best com- principal of this large school, has resigned such capable and energetic men continue
mercial teachers in the country. his position. to push as they are in Salem.
G. P. Eckels, for several years in charge
G. A. Golder. of the State Business Col- of thecommercial work in the Cheltenham We leara that the National Business
lege. Minneapolis, is certainly a hustler to High School, Ashbourne, Pa has become College, Roanoke, Va.. E. M. Coulter, Pres-
ident, is meeting with much success, the
,

get out advertising. His latest is a hand- Secretary and General Manager of the
somely prepared Subpoena," commanding
'*
attendance being larger than ever before in
everyone to appear instantly at his excel- Pocono Pines Assembly and Summer the history of the institution. Tins is but
lent school. We hope it may draw like a Schools, with his winter office in the a just reward for a good man and a good
mustard plaster. Fidelity Mutual Building, Philadelphia. school.
 f^^^ud/zied^i^^iUu^^ ^
large number of half-tone views of the sky Souvenir of McPherson College, Faculty
^^-^-;^:^ S:^^^2^^^£=:>: .^^'^S-?:^
,
scrapers in Pittsburg, together with numer- and Instructors, lSt04, is the gilt title of an
ous views of the school room. Quality artistic, gilt-edged portfolio of that institu-
seems to be the key note of the catalog. tion and faculty. In it is the familiar face
of Prof. S. B. Kahnestock. well known in the
Catalogs The Richmond. Ind., Business College is profession as one of our most expert pen-
publishing a unique catalog printed in red
men and progressive commercial teachers.
and Circulars and green with a large folder attachment,
illustrating the graduating exercises and
( >ne of the prettiest covered, most appro-
priate sized, and modestly genteel catalogs
classes of that institution during the past IS at hand from the Hamilton, Ohio, Busi-
ten or twelve years. ness Colleire, H. H. Beck, Principal.
The Kinslev Studio, No. 24') Broadway, N. The Coleman National Business CiUege, Advertising literature has been received
Y. City. i« issuing a twenty-four-pai-e, well- Newark, N. J., is issuing an up-to-date cir-
printed, profusely-illustrated circular ad- from the following: Coatesville (Pa.) Busi-
cular of eigiit pages. The new catalog of ness College; Hill's Business College. Se-
vertising their stock cuts for commercial this school indicates that the management dalia. Mo.; Eagan School of Business, Ho-
college purposes. It's a good thing, con- is awake to the demands of the time, and
taining many excellent ideas. You ought boken, N. J.; Rutland {Vt.l Business Col-
are endeavoring to meet them by conduct- lege; State Business College, Minneapolis.
to see it. ing a first-class school, and by letting the Minn.; National Business College, Quincy,
public know of it through first-class publi- 111; Anderson (Ind.) Business College;
"The Budget" is the title of a very inter- cations. Salem (Mass.) Commercial School; Ne-
esting, eight-page journal, published by the braska Business and Shorthand College,
Elyria, O., Business College Co. Something out of the ordinary, is the Omaha, Nebr.; Rutland (Vt.) Business
Minot. N. Dak., Business College red-backed College; and the Rasmussen Practilal Busi-
" Evidence " is the title of a pink-covered, circular recently received. ness School, Sti'llwater, Minn.
red-bordered, splendidly printed, 4 by9 page
booklet issued by and in the interests of the "Possible Pen:nanship" is the unique
The firm of Isaac Pitman & Sons 31 Union title of a novel series of slips on writing,
Georgia Normal College and Business Insti- Square. New York City, issues a well-
tute, Abbeville. Ga. each one representing a week's work in the
printed, tliirty-six page catalog advertising average business !school by J. B. Mack,
their shorthand specialties. Moncton, N. B. Mr. Mack, although greatly
'
Pen and Ink Art," Belton. Tex., for Octo- interested in shorthand, seems to have lost
ber is before us. and is cluick full of ideas The Battle Creek, Mich., Business Univer- none of his skill and enthusiasm in pen-
along the line of lettering, drawing, etc. sity, publishes an attractive, twelve-page manship since publishing the National
circular giving one the impression of a Penman.
The Knoxville. Tenu., Business College good, up-to-date school.
and School of Shorthand publishes an in- "Card Writing and Penmanship Souve-
teresting catalog of that well known insti- nir," by Willard McBee, Allegheny, Pa., is
The San Francisco, Calif., Business Col- the title of a profusely illustrated booklet
tution. lege issues an attractively covered, well- containing a great variety and number of
printed, profusely illustrated catalog of flourished cards, signatures, etc., from such
The International Business College. G. E. forty pages. The proprietors, C. E. Howard penmen as M. B. Moore, Canan, Stone,
Melliff. Principal, San Antonio, Tex., pub- and A. S. Weaver are wide awake, hustling Mills, Bode, Zaner. and others.
lishes a blue-backed, tweiity-four-page cata- school men. They have on their faculty
log advertising that institution. list three expert penmen besides them- "Elliott Commercial Schools. Wheeling,
selves. Messrs. Bridges, Decker and Rogers. Charleston, and Clarksburg, W. Va.," is the
" Are You Seeking the Best ?" is the title Penmanship in that institution is no lost red embossed title of the dark green catalog
art, and the young man or woman who issued by W. B. Elliott, the proprietor. This
of a well illustrated catalog from the Amer-
attends that school and does not learn to catalog measures up with the best received
ican Business College, Pueblo. Colo. In it write well has lost the opportunity of his
we see an attractive street scene of that at this office. The illustrations indicate
life for learning a practical hand. well equipped schools. The page and por-
above the average in
city, indicating a city
beautiful business buildings. Pueblo does traits entitled Our Pittsburg Colony indi-
not seem out of the world when looking Bruce's Business College. Dundee. Scot cate the outlet for many of their graduates.
down Main street. It's strictly in it. land, favored us with its catalog and other Up-to-dateness is stamped on every page.
circulars which indicate that business edu- The only criticism we have to offer is that
cation is receiving the attention it deserves the Iiorders are a trille heavy.
The Excelsior Business College Company. across the waters. The booklets are of
Youngstown. O., is mailing attractive excellent quality, to the point, and well Auto Pen and Ink Mfg. Co., 40 Dearborn
advertising literature in the form of cata- printed. On the whole, they are above the St., Chicago, 111,, is sending out a large,
log, booklets, folders, etc. splendidly illustrated and printed ti4 page
average in quality received at this ofltice.
catalog, advertising their various pen
One of the best circular letters received at specialties. This well known firm is build-
this office came in the form of a subpoena The Tri-State Business College, Cumber- ing up an extensive business, mainly be-
from the State Business College, Minneap- land, Md., is the successor to the Mountain cause they have what is in demand, and
olis. Minn., G. A. Golder, President. It^s State Business College. The catalog re- are doing an honest and conscientious
certainly out of the common run of circular cently received evidences ability, as well as business. If interested, you will do well to
letters, and will no doubt surprise many hustle — two essential factors for success. secure it.
who receive it.
The Red Wing, Minn., Business College The Providence, R. I., Bryant & Stratton
The prettiest titled booklet received at issues a cameo-like covered catalog of about Business College prospectus is before us.
this office for many a day is at hand from forty pages with numerous illustrations of and a fine one it is. The quality is high-
the Arthur J. Barnes Publishing Co., St. school room scenes, making it a piece of grade, the text is straightforward, and the
Louis. Mo. "A few facts regarding the practical advertising. Mr. J. A Buell, Sec- illustrations are excellent. That modesty
Superiority of the Touch System of Type- retary, has decorated some of the pages, which is becoming education is every-
writing and the Barnes Method of Teaching including the title, with his pen work. where observed in the getupof this catalog.
it," explains its mission. We have but one criticism, which is that
the beautiful pen vignettes deserve to have
The largest and most costly catalog re- been printed with a darker tone of ink, if
" Pen and Ink Art," price $1 a year, pub- cently receivedis at hand from Wilson's not of a different hue. Their artistic and
lislied bv the Embree Printing Co.. Belton, Modern Business College, Seattle. The technical qualities will not be fully appreci-
Tex., is an enthusiastic, thirty-six page, yellow-tinted, half-tone illustrations are ated by the average reader.
profusely illustrated journal devoted exclu- quite attractive. The large double page
sively to penmanship and pen art. Mr, C. half-tone of the Assembly Room with a Butcher's Business College, Beaver Falls.
D. Scrihner, the pen artist, whose lessons seating capacity of probably one hundred Pa., issues a wide-awake, profusely- illus-
are now running in THE BUSINESS EDU- and fifty pupils at individual desks is likely trated catalog indicating an up-to-date
CATOR, is the editor. It is gotten up some- to attract prospective students. The art school.
what on the order of the Penman and work in the catalog is high grade and
Artist, publislied some years ago bv us, and modern. Mr. H. A. Franz, of the Practical Business
from which THE BUSINESS Educatok was College, Red Wing, Minn., reports a greatly
evolved. It is chuck full of ideas, and we "The Budget." published by the Sadler- increased attendance this year, and that
wish the journal the success its promoters Rowe Co., Baltimore, Md., is again a wel- the number of pupils is rapidly growing.
deserve. come visitor with its thought-laden product. Mr. Franz is a skillful penman, and is inter-
If vou are a commercial teacher you ought esting his pupils in the certificate THE
The Martin School, Pittsburg, Pa., issues to "read it. It ispublished and mailed free Business Educator is now ofiering to
a catalog of good quality. It contains a of charge. ambitious young men and women.
 .^i^.^u^n^A^iif^u^ai^r' ^
Some Cifc Cbouabts.

By KALPH WALDO TRINE,

Author of " In Tune with the Infinite."

^\iz Success (£trclc, H Sort of ereed.

a Department of €ncouraaemcnt, 3n lo live our highest in all things that per

til

spiration, pro<jress, f)ealtb, €tc. I lend a hand a

I as best we can to all other;
., me end ;

ContUicted hy L. M. THOKNBUKGH,
Pater To aid righting the wrongs that cross
in
Commercial High School. iMir path bv pointing the wrongdoer to a
ln-tterway, and thus aid him in becoming
:ipower for good '

To remain in nature always sweet and

simple and humble, and therefore strong;
To open ourselves fully and to keep our-
Cbc following splendid article is con= Christ said, "Thy faith has made selves pure and clean as tit channels for
tributed bv Itlr. E. O. Baker of San Tran^ thee whole." Faith is belief; have the Divine Power to work through us;
Cisco, ea)., a tborougblv practical busi= faith in yourself and in the power To turn toward and keep our faces always
nessman whose success is the result of God has given you. Do you suppose to the light;
believing and doing. for one minute He would put us here, To do our own thinking, listening quietly
and to be suf-
give us the powers He says He has, to the opinions of others,
ficiently men and women to act always
then allow us to be failures spirit- uponourown convictions;
$eeina is Bclievina ually, mentally, physically and ma-
To do our duty as we see it, regardless of
terially. If you see it that way, you the opinions of others, seeming gain or loss,
Doubtless manv of you have said, must see Him a failure; you must temporary blame or praise;
or heard said, when some remark- doubt Him and His word, for "the To play the part of neither knave nor fool
earth and the fullness thereof is liy attempting lo judge anotlier, but to give
able thing- was told of or prophesied,
" Oh well, when I see it I will believe yours." that same time to living more worthily
r r^ ,
ourselves;
it— not before." Now if everybody '
No, friends, every one of the Great To get up immediately when we stumble,
had taken that view of things we Prophets has taught the same thing. face again to the light, and travel on with
would have nothing new, progress For ages, long before the birth of out wasting even a moment in regret;
would be impossible; and the man Jesus" Christ, the same principles To love all things and to stand in awe or
or woman who carries that saying have been inculcated in a little dif- fear of nothing save our own wrong-doing:
into effect will be left far behind in ferent language; and we all agree To recognize the good lying at the heart

that the sayings of the man Christ of people, all things, waiting for e.x-
all
the race. pression,all in its own good way and time;
To accomplish Things, to be Things, are practical and good enough to live
To love the fields and the wild flowers,
you want to reverse the old saw by and die bv. the stars, the far-open se:.. the soft, warm
Believe and See. Do you suppose Now, when an unpleasant situation earth, and to live much with them alone,
Columbus would have discovered faces you, whether in your physical but to love struggling and weary men
America; Newton, the laws of grav- or material condition, just try (try and women and every pulsing living
laws of electricity earnestly) to see it changed. By creature better;
ity; Franklin, the
Fulton, the laws of steam, and a
;

yourself— in the silence see your- — To strive always to do unto others as we

self strong, well, the pain gone see would have them do unto us.
thousand other examples, if they had ;

—
In brief to be honest, to be fearless, to be
all wanted to j<r — before believing. your material matters change, im- just, to be kind. This will make our part
Believe, have
Why, thev knew — believed strong prove and prosper. in life's great and as yet not fully
under
enough /o'X-«om' — everything was all faith and you will see — just as Napol- stood plav truly glorious, andwe need then
Grant, Edison and all successes stand in fear of nothing — life nor death;
plain to them and was a success. eon,
What we want to do is to see rnen- did and do. We want to drop a lot for death is life.
tally have evervthing in our minds of old ideas — ideas we hang on to Or, rather, it is the quick transition to
putting off of the
all worked out — believe.
;

Do you want because they are old. We have a life in another form; the
old coat and the putting on of a new; a
to be strong — see yourself strong. kind of reverence for them and we passing not from light to darkness but
Do you want success see riches, — must disabuse our minds of that very from light to light, according as we have
opulence and plentv. Do you want idea we must keep up with the pro-
;
lived here; a taking up of life in another
health —
see it. "Asa man thinketh, cession in the realm of thought just form just where we leave it ofT here; a part
so is he." Don't see weakness, as much as we do in the realm ot in life not to be shunned or dreaded
or
povertv, sickness. You waste just as business. Everywhere new things, feared, but to be welcomed with a glad and
ready smile when it comes its own good
much energy seeing negatives, and new systems, new ideas, new ways i

are being adopted to save, to multi- wav and time.

they hurt the same energy used
ply and to depart from the old way.
;

differentlv, helps and the man who ;

sees the "bright, cheerful and pros- And it is just so in the thought realm. Cbe nobler Part
perous side of life, gets it; and We have been traveling along in the
others see it, and see that you see it, old rut so long that it seems impos- To follow after what you deem is right,
sible to get out but you have it to To live according to your highest light.
and have it. If you keep seeing dark ;

pictures, keep iii your mind doubts, do, and you must get vbur mind into For freedom and humanity to fight.
a new system of thinking. Don't To dare speak out the thoughts within
get blue, discouraged and disheart-
ened, you will never be on the bright wait to see with your external eyes your heart.
be convinced, or be-
side. 'Do as all our successful men before you will
To persevere, despite the sneer of fools,
— but adopt a new idea, and say,
•

do, and have done See! See! See! lieve,

"I do believe" and I zf/7/ see " "I To speak, despite the isms and the schools.
See success in whatever direction ;

To stand for Truth, despite accepted rules:

you desire believe it and it will be do have faith that I will succeed, and
;
This is the nobler part."
manifest. I will.'"

fT
\s\ us get rid af nur f'^
'

Utus Imrn tn be rantnit tuith uilmt tur Imuc ^^/^V"!f^^;'-

^'\"^^
bauks full of t'n; ms^irat on of
a qmd hamr; xnn.s af uur mun plantma; a fnu
tlir hti,lun- Ideals :

us turn; a Imndrcd innaunt v as m

qrnuis a fnu frtmds marthp nf bciug laucd. and able to lour
;

right that mill ni-ucr stm-ruc; a j^'

«^"";
uvrs that bnng no pain nr rcmarsr; a dctiatian ta the
- and to such a ^ihilosaphv this
^""f unll
tuorld J'^ giur
nnptP of all btgntnj, full nf trust and hope and lour
up all tlir cmptg jag it has. - 'frof. Jlauid .Stuing.
=JJ
^.
 HIGH GKADE MOVE?IENT EXERCISES BY \V. A. BODE, PITTSBURG, PENNA.

L€^^^!^^^L^L^

C^ C-' ^z^

'_,-t;^-^6:^--l<^ .-^i^^Z^e'-t.'C^t^^^ifC^ '-C^-i^

BUSINESS CAPITALS BY ?IISS JULIA BENDER, TEACHER OF PENJIANSHIP IN THE WESLEY AN UNIVERSITY OF WEST
VIRGINIA, BUCKHANNON, W. VA.
 ,3^f3^ifU'ii^^(ad(u^iii7^ ^ 3^ ^

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IW Grand Avenue, Kansas City, Mo.

Cesson no, 4 - Perseverance

The patliway of life is strewn with failures in all professions and occupations. There are various reasons, doubtless, and often
a combination of them, but one of the principal missing elements
of success is inconstancy of purpose, a lack of perseverance,
minus the 'staying" quality. For such characters we have little but pity. We shun them, business men cant use them, society
doesn't respect them. They are worthless weaklings. , , , , -

your father before vou wrote a scrawl, and his , , , ,

It is silly and cowardly to complain that vou can't learn to write well because
father before him could neither write nor read. It lies within the power of every young person
who has a good eye and steady
nerve to become a good arti,=tic writer. _ „ _
What's the price, do you ask? What's the price of anything worth having? I answer, "Toil. Do you carry the pnce?
if Spencer, Gaskell, Zancr, Bloser,
Did you ever stop to think what might have been the condition of our penmanship today,
Palmer, and other leaders, had said "Oh I can't." Though they each found many obstacles and discouragements, they persevered
until success was theirs.
 C^l^r3SuJ//l^d4^(^f/iU^li^ ^

-J.

Remember this, what you really covet, and have a ghost of adaptability for, if pursued in earnest, intelligently and patiently
will become yours. Do you covet a fine handwriting? Is your desire strong enough to urge you to unremitting practice and study?
Then the good handwriting is yours as surely as you live. Study the copies and see to it that your practice is somewhat experi-
tnental. By this I mean, learn through experiment the best way for you to accomplish results. I use combined movement in mak-
ing loop letters, but, if you find you can make them better in some other way, for goodness sake, do it that wa3^ regardless of how
another may do. Try all ways, select the best and stick to it. Study the instructions attached to the letters, compare your letters
with the copy, and if anything is wrong, learn at once where it lies, for in locating our mistakes we half overcome them. An error
unseen can never be rectified, hence educate the eye to see mistakes — cultivate a critical eye.

GRACBFUL, DBLICATE, BUSINESS WRITING BY F. W. MARTIN.

2i^c^^^i^^t^^/^<

^^^^^^^^-^^?<^^^

^^^i^i^^i^.'^-i^^^ ^^lyi'^^^^

V^^^^^-<^^>^
 f^^3^ud//ied^^if/iu:a/iT* ^
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ECIMEN OF ENGROSSING SCRIPT BY RL'DOI.PH A. CEPEK, CHICAGO, ILL., WITH NATIONAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.

Httenlion, Public School Specialists.

29'.'7 detroit street,

Lakewood, o., Nov. u, 1904.
Doubtless this will help you recall a
motion made at tlie Cincinnati meeting of
the National Penmanship Teachers' Asso-
acition, which made provision for a competi-
tive exhibit of pupils' work from public
schools at the Chicago meeting.
As yet I have seen no mention of the
matter in any of the journals and being an
interested party I take the liberty to re-
quest you to call attention to it as I fell it
will be beneficial from a pedagogical
standpoint.
The motion as I recall provided that every
specimen must show the writer's.iarjje ase
the date, and the numbers of minutes re-
quired to write the specimen.
Trusting this will not be too late for the
December issue, I will close, hoping to see
you at the Chicago meeting.
Fraternally yours,
F. F. MUSRUSH.
(Such motion was made and carried and
It 19 earnestly desired that a large exhibit
may be made.-EDI TOR.|

Wanted
.\ young man to h'>ve charge of the Business

Practice Department ot a first-class, long estab-

lished Commercial College of the very highest
standing, located in a middle state, near the
Atlantic coast; one who is strong in business
arithmetic. One having had some business ex-
perience preferred. Character must be of the
best Send photograph, testimonia's, ttate ex-
perience and salary for twelve month year, and
write fully about yourself in firs/ letter to save
time. Position to be filled January 1. In reply-
ing, please do not overlook requests in this ad-
vertisement. This is a position for a young,
enthusiastic teacher. Address,
"Good School,"
Care Business Educator.

A?1ES II. TODII. WOOD'S COLLEGE, NEWARK, N.

For Sale
I consider THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR un-
doubtedly the best paper published to-day WANTFn
V*MniCU One copy in
Ames Compendium
good conditi.
of :

for any commercial teacher. tical and Ornamental Penmanship. State I

G. P. Eckels, Address P. care Business Educator, CoUm
BUSINESS SCHOOL in an Oliio city
Com'l Dep't, Hi^h School. Ashbourne, Pa.
Many small towns
of 45,0ai population.
and excellent surrounding country
Christmas Cards Judicious Advertising Pays fnim which to draw. Did over Ten
as The Business Educvtok has well proved.
Illuminated in five colors. 12 cents each, $1.00 One dozen neatly written cards, I.5l'. Thousand Dollars worth of business
Two dozen, 25c.
last year. Good reasons for selling.
per dozen, Get 2 dozen and receive gfratis one each of my
SAMCEL D. HOLT, joker cards. I have a variety of twelve. They'll
make you laugh.
Address, " OPPORTUNITY,"
Pe.nman and Designer, Care BUSINESS EDUCATOR,
L. E. SCMMITT,
931 Chestnut St., Philadelphia. 3040 E. Balttmore St., Baltimore. Md.

I
C{^i'-£y'r€<^±^rJ a f?^ 'i^i^.^-^c-a^T^'-rxf ^/,i^-t^^ t^i.<7,^-t^^'?^f.t' /^!rr ^f^-t^>'t.^^'fr>L'C^i'l^ C://z^73.tCiU^zj-<^6..<^'CC^,^:i-^tr^
|
 f^^fSBud/u^d^iu^/iu^iifr ^
to their faculty -J. R. Stroud and Miss
,.jr n:^ .
Mary St. Clair. Mr. Stroud is a recent grad-
uate of the Gem City Business College,
Quincv, III. Surely the well-known Gem Mr. W. S Seyler, of the Hazleton, Pa.,
City College is well represented in this in- Business College, submits specimens of
Specimens stitution, since two others of their faculty students' work, which indicate that they
are graduates from this institution. are following very faithf ull v'the work given
ReceiN'e<l in The Business Educator, and that if
A. K. Merrill, Saco, Me., renews his sub- they keep up the pace set, certificates for
scription to The Business Educator, and excellence will be forth-coming in due
favors us with a page of his superb, orna- course of time. Those whose work is ex-
mental penmanship, as well as a number of ceptionallv good are as follows: Mary E.
St.nu- stU'h-Tits' suecimens in business splendidly written cards. Mr. Merrill's Farley. Pearl Shelly. Lillian Saunders,
writing fniin tin- Cornwall, Ont., Commer- work is quite accurate, smooth and strong, Lena Altmiller and Ella Andreas. Who
cial College, indicate that the pupils are and line as it is, seems to be getting better says the girls cannot learn to write?
foUowitig verv closely the instruction given right along.
in The Business Educator, and that they
are receiving the right kind of instruction
from their teacher. The best specimen
a recent letter from our old-time friend, D.
L. Stoddard, Indianapolis, Ind reveals the ,
SHORT
UilUil 1 CUTS
U U XU.
^^^^^'^^
^ith half the figures and
submitted is that from Miss Martha Har- fact that he still writes a splendid hand for
one not following penmanship profession- in half the time all of those little calculations
rington. which we must figure out everyday. Everything
ally. Not long since an engrossed set of
A bundle of specimens from the sixth, resolutions from his pen appeared in the from Addition to Interest and Discount. Its
seventh and eighth grades of the public papers of Indianapolis, indicating that he worth is attested by the fact ihat its author is
schools of Beverly, Mass., C. E. Doner, is still doing work in that lineas a side issue now and has been for years the specialist in this
Supervisor, is before us. They are excellent to that of his trade, that of an expert car- branch at the Eastman Business College. Price,
and compare ravorably with much that is penter. This is but a further evidence of cloth, .50c. Address,
received from business colleges. Thenif^ve- the fact that if you once master penmanship GEO A DEEL, Poughkeepsie. N. Y.
ment exercises are not alone good. The it will stav with you through life.
small letters are unusually plain and free
from stitfness. The best specimens were
submitted by the following: Guy E. Nick-
E. D. Clark, of the Marion Ind. Normal
School, sends a number of splendidly writ-
i I
The Best is None too Good for Me
erson, Mabel A. Seller, Dosa Grant, Sarah ten cards, all being written with white ink
Trafton, Hazel F. Jewett, Maude Haskejl, on colored stock. Some of the cards are For nearly twenty years I have sought
Oliver Bromley, Earl Feltch and Roland for the best material for Hne penmanship,
excepti^niallv pleasing and show that Mr. and believe I have found it in the cards
D'Entremont. Clark has considerably more than ordinary offered below:
talent in handling the pen.
C. A. Braniger, the well known penman
in Strayer's Business College, Baltimore, Norway Wedding Bristol, white. $1 15 per 1000
Nd., sends a number of splendidly written Mr. F. E. H. Jaeger, Director of the Com. English Bristol, 1} colors. .90 per 1000
cards. As a practical business penman mercial Department of the West Bay City,
Mr. Braniger is hard to excel, while his or- Mich., High School, mailed us a large pack- By express, not prepaid.
namental writing is also very creditable. age of students' work after two month's For 10 cents, I will send you a full line
practice, lia\'ing changed from vertical to of samples and throw in three or four cards
E. M. Finklea, an enthusiastic friend of slant. The work throughout is unusually hot from mv pen. showing these cards to
The Business Educator of New Orleans, good, and the work of the following named be unequalled for brilliant shades and
reports that he is doing a great work in that pupils is exceptionallv good Bertha Brun-
:
dainty hair lines.
city in the way of card writing, executing ner. Dan Haves, Lo'tta McMorris, Lotty
penmanship, etc. Mr. Finklea has made Billings, Basil' Boss, Ethel Kummer, Barron F". S. HEATH.
great improvement in his penmanship in Wetherby, EflHe Hanson, Henry Spear and Concord. N. H.
the last few years. Tillie Sweeney. Had some of the speci- 50 Dunklee Street.
mens been written in good black ink we
L. Faretra. Concord, N. H., encloses some
ornamental writing which shows that lie
should have had the same engraved. The It is None too Good for You
has made very rapid progress during the
past vear. If lie keeps on, it is only a ques-
tion of time until lie will rank with the few
finest penmen in this country.
A splendidly written specimen of pen-
IT PAINS US
to be obliged to write to a school principal and tell him that we have no teacher on our list
manship is at hand from Mr. J. E. Slindee. who exactly fills all of the requtrements for a vacancy. We've had to do this yery thing sev-
Treasurerof the Excelsior Business College eral times lately, and we'll continue to do It until we secure a sufficient number of teachers
Co., Youngstown, O. He reports an excel- with the right qualifications so that we can conscientiously fill all of the places sent to us. A nd
lent school, due in part to their new loca- hence this advertisement. Wc want teachers we want good teachers, experienced nnrt inex-
;

tion,which was the best obtainable, and to perienced we want them with all sorts of combinations, we've filled vacancies for tet^chersof
; l

the work done on the inside of the school. shorthand and Latin, shorthand and algebra, ^tc.) Calls for teachers are coming to us daily
Mr. S. has charge of the commercial depart- from everywhere. Maine to Honolulu. We
must have good teachers for these positions
ment, and Miss Isabel McGrath, President
of the school, has charge of the shorthand are we that we can place practi ally every good teacher
department. Free Registration ^° )nfident well-prepared graduate that we make tie following offer : We
will waive the $2 registration fee and allow this to be paid with ou 4 per cent, commission
Some bold and original flourishing, pen (one half in 30 days, one-half in 60 days after beginning work). 1 lis offer applies only to
work, etc., is at hand from Mr. O. H. McLeii- those who, after investigation, we accept as suitable candidates for ou
don, of the McLendon Business College, Keep registered with us the year round— to secure a place if you're now idle, or to better
Hattiesburg, Miss. your position if you're employed Probably the "hurry-up" call of last week, that gave us
B. O. McAdams, Principal of the Coinnier- pain to answer and &ay we had no candidate on our lists who met all of the requirements, wrts
cial Department. Newark, \. J.) Bu.-^iness exactly the opening in salary, work, climate, etc for which you've been longing and hoping
.

And "sometime you are going to begin to look around for just such a place. If
i

College, encloses fl for tlie Teailiers' Pro. for yi'ars. '

fessional Edition of THE

BUSINESS Kuu- yoii'had been on our lists the place would have been yours. It might have been the turning
CA TOR, and favors us with some samples of point in your life had you secured it. This is the whole story. Write today. It costs nothing,
his ornamental penmanship, which show so don't delay.
that he hasa splendid command of tlifr pen.
The work is bold, dashv and quite plea>^ing. The School Exchange Departmer.t is maintained to sell school property and to aid in
having in it the evidence that Mr. McAdams Some choice bargains are offered. Write for information.
forming partnerships.
could become <.ine of the very finest penmen
in the country sliouUl he give it the neces-
sary attention. Mr. McAdams states that THE KINSLEY COMMERCIAL TEACHERS' BUREAU.
this year promises to be one of the best for Wm. .J. KivsLEv, Manager. 245 Broadway. NEW YORK.
their school in the way of attendance and
results. Two new teachers have been added

0006 a. Jcr 6oi.U'cL „

lCSJkOJu^;^-VW^ "VVNA.
 ipetent teacher of \nnr GO TO "COU-EGE" —I To9/>k0rE Teachers for Graham Shorthand,
WANTED: inship v.-\\o can as-
1 CtiLii crs pf Book-keeping. Penmanship and
Managers for branch schools. Now
sist in some other department. Address, Wt1L.\ WILL MAKK A
I W&nted •
have 1.5 school.'^ established, and
DR. W. M. CARPENTER, Jirst-ClassBook-Kpeper will open more .\ddress, Dkaughon's Pkacti-
PRIN. BRYANT & STRATTON COLLEGE, CAL Business College Co.. Nashville, Tenn.
ST. LOUIS, MO. Vol- AT II
HiniK for S3 or
'-.ArT-o^J^ i:ktii;n Mo^ irenongh?
SSi^^^ I ,i,„l IMIKIT! Tcpy
I The Pratt Teachers' Agency, [ vhere, FKEE!
haps can place
Have
YOr,
rliu'wi TIIOl'SANDS. Per
G,74t2 testimonials
I
70 Fiftli Avenne, Hew York, !
rei-eivpil from pupils!
too!
.<;.t VE T/rlS WRITE. AXD
J. H. fiOODWIN, Expert .%<-eountnnt, Rnnui Fresh from (he Brush.
3 Recommends and normal eradu-
college }
»7a, I3IS Bronlin:i>. .VEIV YORK, \. Y.
i ates, specialist*, and other teacbers to col- P
.e interested send 'ic stamp for same.
i leges, schools, and families.
^

i The Agency receiTcs many_ calls for com- f lY. C. WALKER,

3 mercial teachers from public and private f
on Ave. ST. LOVIS, NO.
schools, and business colleges.
WM.
O. PRATT, Managerj
f
Holiday Cut Catalog
NOW READY <^^^ SUNDER
OMEWING NEW
M ILLS'S Correspondence Also DISPLAY CVTS for all purposes. SUN THE i'

School of Penmanship
Circulars sent on request.
la an exclusive school of pen-
manship. If yon feel the
need of improving your
writing you should send
Diploma.s tHtockor
>7 NEW MA (rAZINE FOR
,

T£A QMERf* S TUDEN TS-ARTtSTS

stamp at once for full infor- Special Designs Lithographed to Order. P£Nr^EN' OEVOTLO £XCLUSI-/fLY TO
mation concerning onr P'^NMANSHlP-SKErCMlNO-LE.TrtPll'^C
Address, MOOERN APT' //oo AYBAR. - 10^
school.
.S; Ames ®. Rollinson Company, JD
COPY- SAMPLE FRLE-SEfJD FORONZ
^ ". 203 Broadway, New York. EMBREE PRINTING CO PUBLISHERS
IE

Covers,
Illustrations,
Letter Heads, Headings,
We have filled

MANY POSITIONS
ANNOVNCEMENT
Portraits, Etc., Concerning the Work of the Late C. C. Canan
done the best manner in wash o at
-^.ny one desirous of securing the Works nnrt
moderate cost.
Ctxts made from drawings ordered from BEST BUSINESS COLLEGES Scrap Book Specimens of the late C. C. Carmn.
be furnished at
will may now do so at the following prices:
10 Cents an Inch for HalfTones. during the past season and still .\rtistic Alphabets (formerly 75 cents), - 50 cents
5 " " " Zinc Etchings. have PLENTY OF PLACES for Thorns and Flowers, - - - - 25 "
Guaranteed First-Class. "
SEND COPY Gems penmanship (last booki,
in - 25
for estimate. FIRST CLASS TEACHERS. Scrap Book Specimens, - - - - 25 "

FREE REGISTRATION if you men- NOW is the time to order ere

tion this paper. the editions are exhausted.

i.-?>^/^g^^^>^2y Address all orders and make all remittances
Continental Teachers' Agency, payable to
Bo-wlin^ Green, Ky. MRS. X. CANAPr,
106 W. 64th St., New York. 251 Congress St., » BRADFORD, PA,

TSt^.^-^c^^^i.e'-r^ ^v<^(£ ^^i^ci^^T^ yy^eii^ <:7%.i./2i<uie'^Z.A4*^(£^?^</>€^=2^:^5r^

1
C(,.t^f^,r£<^i.cyr-j a.'zW ^
1
 f^^fSBu^/n^d^i^Au^iiir* ^

Ciiies.
hi-re
II. I
line likeness of w ureal
iii.i mucli to say tlint the (?t^6ci'f XSfcvcus^rc ^-
il i- iiiii'i ic ill its pleasinii qiial-
II it- liiillifiil portrayal of a like-
lln s.ifi ami yet ellective is there-
suit
1.1 express tliout^ht clearly needs
to know soiiieiliiii;; of tfie technic of Ian-
liuasfe, con iiilv called grammar. The
artist in order in express faithfully tlie
likeness, needs to know'-nnietliing of the
technic of exprc-sion. In this instance it
is a knowledge of lines. Sec- liow skillfully
thev ha\-e l^een executerl and liownrderlv
tlie>- have been arran;:ed To ilie casual
observer, thev lack svsteni iind ;tppear to
have been made without aiiv tliontrht
whatever as to their arriiiii;enipnt mid
direction. But behind lid- sei-niioi; dis-
order and carelessne-s there is a -\stfnt
and method. If von will lo .1; iiyiiio \oii
will find that most ..f tin- line- ir.,ss ;il .-, i

anglcof aliont thirt\ di-i;rt->--^ Simie. In--

ever, cross at rit'lit aii:,'l.-s .None m.ii «i!l
findcrossat an ani;le ~.i .ic-nt.' a- li\ e -irt.-ii
degrees. Thev rant;e from tliirlv to,ii,,etv.
Notice how soft the ontlim-s of the heard
and hair are, anil of the eve lirow^ as well.
Note particularly how the l.ottom part of
the picture has been vitrnettel. tie^^inners
are apt to chop this part of the picture off
very abruptlv.

Mr. Morris, III.

sure to please. Order today.

Row
JIbOUt afine Artistic Writer; to kno-w
•••,,„ all about Card Writing to
;

**"'' learn Engrossing; or to take a

PCItttltinShiD ? practical course in Lettering ?
Then -write for my new book
" How to Become a Good Pen-
man." It's free and tells all about how you can
leamby mail. F. W. TAMBLYN,
1114 GRAND AVE KANSAS CITY, MO.

SPENCERIAN
The Standard of
Excellence for
CTCCI
3 I CCL nPIVIC
rClNij
over forty years ^^^=^^=^=:^^^^

Select a pen for gour writing ho^

a sample card of special numbers for cor-
respondence. J2 pens for lOc, postpaid.

SPENCERIAN PEN CO.

349 Broadway. NEW YORK CIT\
 •!^u!'3Bu^//t^4i^^<e^i[uia^r' ^

Every issue of The BL'SINESS EnucATOR Ink

isworth a dollar to any one interested in that is perfectly hlack
penmanship and the commercial branches. shades— mellow and soft on
but tlrm hair lines It
The penman who cannot get inspiration e to beautiful writing.
from it is certainly " no good." tyle and etching made for
J. E. PORTER, —
in script made to oi"der cuts that
Penman Beauvoir College, Wilmar, Ark. d d"«sh-Ma

SPECIMEN OF PEN?IANSHIP BY DEPUTY BIT THE ISK, iind iiinn-ove .v.iir Wiltinit.

MILLS'S SHERIFF, A. B. BLACK, COLUMBIA New York.

COUNTY, BI.OOMSBURG, PA. L. MADARASZ, 1281 Third Ave.,
CORRESPONHENCE SCHOOL
OF PENM«NSHIP
Is
tious
helping scores of ambi-
people to acquire a
fine style of penmanship at
Specialization Marks The Agei
home. We are ready to help
YOU also. Send stamp for Specialists for all kinds of Commercial work furnished— FREE
information. Are you a Specialist? We have a place for you. Write now
E. C. MILLS for full particulars. O PROMPT! O RELIABLE!
1 95 Grand Ave , Rochester, N. Y.

WARRENSBURG TEACHERS' AGENCY, "'^^fii'ol%T°-

I Great Special Offer

=^ PENMANSHIP TAUGHT BY MAIL

All practice work carefully criticised. Best instruction.
Finest pen-written copies.
^—
Muscular Movement made easy. 24 lessons instead of 12. Keep up your practice and
inches improve after you leave school. Business Writing, 6 months (24 Lessons), $500; first 12
with your name beautifully engraved on cover Lessons (3 Months), $3.50. Ornamental Complete Course, including Card Writing, $7.00.
shown in cut, .ind one dozen ornamental or 250Sheets large size Practice Paper, or 500 Blank Cards, Ug'oss fine Business Pens and one
as
plain written calling cards, either white, "JOp
good Penholder, Given Free to Each Student. Diplomas Free. We also teach Pen Letter-
ing and Round Hand or Engrossing Script. Your name on a Dozen Beautiful Cards for 20c.
black or assorted colored cards, all for *'-'^ Small specimen for stamp. Handsome catalogue tree. Send for it today.
Late and great hit. Joker Cards assorted, writ-
ten, per doz- - - 20c - Strayer's Business College. ELLSWORTH & WHITMORE, Philadelphia, Pa.
1 doz. white, black or assorted colors, written 15c
1 aluminum case with name engraved..
" " not engraved
20c
-. 15c /^ ^^
1 doz. cases with name engraved $1 50
" not engraved! -

Address, A. R. HAiMPSON,
100
Faust's Automatic Shading Pens Are the Best
•

163 Neil Stt-ee.t, Coluinhu.s. Ohio

We
AGAIN IN NEW YORK. Manufacture

H\\"E OPENED A STUDIO ON These Pens,

1
SIXTY- FOURTH STREET. WHERE I Also
E.XTEND A CORDIAL INVITATION TO
Mli.MBERS OF THE PROFESSION AND FAVST'S
OTHERS INTERESTED IN I)RAWlN(i, SHADING-
PENMA.N'SHIP. OR PAINTING. TO VISIT
.ME. S*TO SCHOOL PROPUIF.TOKS AND PEN INKS
THE GENERAL PUBLIC PROMISE I

THE BEST EFFORTS OF AN ALI.-ROUN D and FAUST'S

ARTIST AND FE.N.MAN IN RETURN FOR PATENT
PATRONAGE. 3?IT IS MY INTENTION
To SOLICIT REGULARILY THROUGH MYOGRAPH.
THE (OLU.MNS OF THIS MA'iAZINE,
TO PLAi'E BEFORE ITS READERS CON-
CISE. ARTISTICALLY ARRANGED ADS,
WHICH HOPE WILL APPEAL TO ALL
I
WHO .\RE INTERESTED IN THE HIGH- We are wholesale and retail deale in allkinds of Penmanship Specialties, Writing Pens,
ER ORDER OF ILLUSTRATIVE Cards, Card Board, Fine Inks, Obliq Holders, etc. Everything needed by student« or pro-
WORK. » ELSEWHERE IN THIS ISSUE fessional pe'
WILL BE FOUND AN AD. ENU.MER- We have just issued a fine, large, illustrated catalogue. Send for it.
ATING .MY WORK.
G. S. HENDERSON.
V
AUTO PEN &. INK MFG. CO., 40 DEARBORN ST CHICAGO ,

—^
1 C^v^r^^t^^^^J a )-.</ 7Sf-^^'^^^A^'^ ^-c^-l^ ^S^icX-^- >fe .y^ic- /v-)- ,l^^^-t^^-fr^^<,->^^ C7%^ /5«.it<^^z^!^te>£gg:^eog<g<fiy^ |
 ^^^^^ud^i^^^d^ii^i^^ ^
engrosser Slakeslee Dead Bellingbam.
Shorthand Dur teachiiiK is based
West Hartland.— Charles H. Bladeslee, upon actual daily experi- Your advertisers, and others interested in
and ence in difScult short-
who had done the engrossing on Yale hand work, and every locations of Business Colleges, should
diplomas for many years, died November Reporting principle taught has been know that Bellingham, Wash., is a new
2, aged 45 years. He was one of the most by tried through tlie crucible name for Whatcom (or New Whatcom) and
of experience. Write for Fairhaven, incorporated city of the first
expert penmen and engrossers in the state Mail Catalogue. class. Bellingham has a population of
of Connecticut. He was unmarried.
nearly 25,000, and is located on Puget Sound
Ghe Roctieste Reporting Co., Rochester, N.Y. 100 miles north of Seattle. There is a Gra-
ham Shorthand School here and The Bay
Olatcb Out
The BUvSiness Educatoi?,
STOCK CVTS City Business College besides the North-
west Business College. The Chamber of
Commerce issues an elegant little circular,
Columbus, Ohio. which will be sent free to inquiring friends.
GentlejieN: There is a young man, W. F. GIBSS£MAN.
Richard St. Clair, a deaf mute, who is said
to be going all over the country working
business colleges. He has a typewritten
letter on my business letterheads with my
name signed, recommending him as being
worthy of help,
assisted him.
and stating that
The amounts vary. He
claims sometimes that I gave him $241) to
I have
Touch ^ Lessons in Wash Drawing
and Engrossing,
aid him to attend a medical school in Cali- E. L. BROWN. ROCKLAND. ?IAINE.
fornia. In a letter just received, he claims
that I gave him $330 to aid him in attending
a deat and dumbschool in California. He
is using this letter and visiting schools all This design was first drawn in pencil,
over the country, asking them to take up a then outlined in waterproof ink. The best
collection. I am just in receipt of a letter waterproof ink, in fact the ver3' best ink for
from Kearney, Nebraska, stating the above nearly all purposes that we know any thing
about, is Bourgeois' French ink. The tint-
facts in substance. Have also had letters ing was done in a reddish brown made
from business college m^n in Kansas, and with lamp black and a few touches of ver-
one from Missouri, all asking me about the milion. When properly mixed this combi-
man. I know nothing whatever about him, nation of colors produces a rich, pleasing
and have no idea how he secured my letter- tone. The flat surface around the initial \V
heads. I think that something should be is red, formed of equal parts of vermilion
done to prevent him "working" anymore and Indian red. Study the light and
business colleges, :ind I do not wish to have shade values, and keep your washes
my name used in any such way, so I write Spencerian and Bank Note Script clean and transparent. Mix the color with
to ask if you will insert a notice in THE nd Lettering; 1 and 2 columns; 150 very little water in laying on the darkest
Business Educator, stating that he has aptions; 60c to %\. Send for Catalog. tones.
no letter from ine nor any authority to use The eftect of color work is lost in engrav-
my naiue. Very truly yours. ing, and the student must bear this fact in
KING'S Business CoLLEiiE, The Kinsley Studio, mind in copying from half-tones, as about
Per J. P. King, Pres.. one-half of the contrast in light and shade
Raleigh. X. C. 245 Broaclway, N«-wf Yorlc. vahaes is lost in reproduction.

A PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATION IN ENGROSSING BONE WITH PEN AND

BRUSH BY MR. E. L. BROWN, WHOSE EXPLICIT INSTRUCTIONS
TO STUDENTS APPEAR ABOVE. STUDY THE TEXT AS WELL AS
THE ILLUSTRATION. THEN STRIVE TO DO AS WELL.

AN OFFHAND SIGNATURE BY L. MADARASZ, N. Y. CITY, N. Y.

SPECI?IEN OF FLOURISHING AND WRITING BY MR. t. W. PATTON,

PROPRIETOR OF THE PATTON SCHOOL, MADISON AVENUE AND
EIGHTY-SIXTH STREET. NEW YORK CITY.
 f^^^^^u^/n^M^^SfUu^i^ ^
Style Manual for Stenographers,
Reporters and Correspondents.
The Practical Books
THE ONLY BOOK OF ITS KIND. Musiek's Practical Arithmetie, rapid figuring, and
special features peculiar to office work $1.00
and earning power of Teachers, Students,
It increases the efficiency
Reporters, Correspondents and all who have anything to do withtype- Musiek's Commercial Law, fundamental government
wrifing. The complete book is a rep rod 'td ion from actual type and economics, and the usual subjects of
writing —not imitation. Endorsed hy hundreds of Business Educators. Commercial Law, especially specific on real
transactions 1.00
Some Expressions by Those Using It:
Universal Dictation Course, a 260-page book, 26
The most practical book published for business college u=e.— different lines of business, each separate, with
Just what lousiness schools have been looking for.— A great bene- shorthand vocabulary preceding; 15 systems;
fit to both teacher and student.— It has helped me wonderfullj'
book for each system 1.50
in tiiy work as a dictator of business correspondence. - The new
features in punctuation, style, etc., are its noticeable points.— Essentials of Grammar, Punctuation and C<>rres=
The make-up is exact, clean and attractive.— I recommend it to pondenee 50
my pupils as well as graduates.— Have been using it in our post-
graduate class effectively. We give it a place of pre-eminence, Seventy=five Lessons in Spelling and Word=Analy=
especially in its adaptation to advanced stenographers.— The sis, arranged as a dictionary and speller 20
stenographer is not complete who ha« not mastered its contents.
—The ornamental and display work is an interesting and help- Complete Touch Typewriting Instructor. Contains
shorthand vocabularies same as the Dictation
ful study.- Just what I want in my business. No teacher should
book. State what system and what machine —
be without it.— We are using it solely on its merit.— I have very
difficult work to do it saves me much thought and time and -my
Rem-Graham, Rem-Benn Pitman, Smith-Dem-
ent, Rem-Gregg, or whatever you use
;
1.00
work is now of a higher grade. -It is not onlj' a guide but an in-
spiration.— We have long wished for such a text in our post- Abridged Toueti Instructor. Same
Typewriting
graduate course.— I can say most emphatically it is an excellent plan as the complete except the shorthand.
work.— Tt is worthy of a place in every school,— It is an invalu- Contains 48 pages 35
able text in school, and equally useful in business as a guide
and reference. Shorthand Pocket Dictionaries. Contains about
Circular giving Complete Index, mailed Free. 8,000 words and phrases. 15 s^^stems 1.00

Sample Oopy, Postpaid, $1.25 Special Price to ScHools.

H. Graham Paterson, ^If^c'^ioo. ^lt%\ W. L. Musick Publishing Company,
Author iind PiihlUhir: " Paterson Phonoijriiph.v," ' style Mantuil," Etc.
ST. LOVIS, MISSOVRI.

FINE OBLIQUE PENHOLDERS MAKE GOOD CHRISTMAS PRESENTS.

A BEAUTIFUL & PERFECT HOLDER IS A GREAT ENCOURAOER OF EXCELLENCE HERE IT 15

The Fine Art HoJder is inlaid, extra long and fancy, liatid-made. of rosewood, and is the niost attractive and perfect oblique pen
holder manufactured. Present it to a good penman and he will be delighted and made happy the rest of his da^-s. Present it to a poor
penman arjd its alluring beauty will compel Iiim to pick it up, practice and imprr \-e. Tlie most indifferent pupil will delight in improv-
ing his penmanship when he has this holder. That's a suggestion for parents. Considering the time and skilled workmanship re'quired
to produce each holder it ought to be sold for $'i.OO, but we are offering it at tlie present for $100 postpaid. Sent in box. It makes a hand-
some present for Christmas or any other time.

ZANERIAN OBLIQUE PENHOLDER.

The Zauerian Oblique Holder is one of the most sensible and perfect oblique penholders made. It is made of rosewood, is twelve
inches long, hand-made, properly balanced, adjusted scientiQcally, and is certainjy unique. All in all, it is just such an instrument as is
after the professional penman's own heart. Most machine-made oblique holders are improperly adjusted, but when a pupil uses this
holder he can depend upon it as being a perfect instrument. It is a delight to write with one of these holders: in fact it is a great encour-
ager of good penmanship. It has been observed that many persons who seemingly care nothing for good writing soon feel a desire to
practice when one of these instruments conies into their possession. Were it deenied necessary, we could publish many scores of testi-
monials from professional penmen and others who are using this holder. It is the same as the Fine Art Holder, with the exception that
is not so fancy. One holder, postpaid, 50c. Address the manufacturers.

ZANER Wl BLrOSE^R, Columbus, OHio.

I C^1'^yr€<.^L£y7^ Ci'^PT^ ^€C.'^-^C^l.£y7^ ^€,i/<.£d ^>A<Z--'>Z.'^ yZ^^ -?-3^ Cy^l^ /3gi:^fr'5'-a-,ic:i<^c£^^ti-^:^;X'£?i'-r" I
 f^^^uJ/^i^ii^^^/iu^i^r* ^

LL. M.. pul.]i>-hed I.\ the .\niericaii Book

Co., is the title of a three hundred and nine-
ill need for this lesson a p:iii ea ty-nine-page book, substantially bound, de-
vhite, Paynes Gray, and lamp voted to that phase of commercial law
and one or two Sable hair bnislie-,
black, which is most likely to be of value to the
numbers 2 and 8, also a slab to mix tolors businessman, and to the teacher of com-
on. Buy these at any art store at a trillitm mercial law In business and high schools.-
cost. Colors average about ten to Mfteeii The order of presenting the subjects is spec-
cents a pan. brushes twenty cent? each, ially arranged for the convenience of tlie
slabs twenty five or tliirty-five cents each. teacher and student. Actual cases decided
Lay out this design in pencil, making no by the courts are given instead of supposi-
extra pencil marks. and keep thecard l»oard tional ones. Legal forms form a large part
clean. Do not use the eraser much, as it of the latter part of the text book. Its gloss-
spoils the surface for wa?h. In laying on ary and index are both extensive and com-
the brushes, use the larger brush, and float plete, making it a hook easy for reference,
it on freely. Do not 'pit or patter." or make MAWUg/ftTURED EXCLUSIVELY BY
as well as a text for the student. As a
it speckv. Have confidence, and float it on
freely. Try all color on a piece of paper first, / RfilD CHEMICAL Co condensed, clear presentation of practical
everyday law, a"nd as a text for its presen-
then you can tell the depth of same. Take ^T^>,,^^ BO STO N, MASS. tation, the book seems a model one. Mr. S.
a good supply of either color, lamp black or C. Williams, the well known commercial
Taines Gray on the slab, add a little water teacher in the Rochester Business Institute,
until it is thin enough to work freely. Try assisted in its compilation.
to get good smooth washes. The Paynes
Gray will reproduce light, and the lamp "Business Correspondence in Short
black will reproduce dark. Blues photo- hand," Isaac Pitman & Sons, No. 31 Union
graph light, and umbers, reds, browns, etc., Square, New York, price 75c. This volume
photograph dark. Bear this in mind, when comprises Nos. 1. 2, 3, and 4, and contains
you are working up a design. Try to get eighty. eight pages, and is bound in the
good contrast and sharpness in work. Do usual Pitmanic manner. U is intended for
not be afraid to allow darks and lights to self instruction, as well as for use in schools,
face each other. Outline with pen some of and is of special value to Isaac Pitman
the decorations first. AVork carefully. If students and writers.
vou should run over on a letter with the
wash, retouch with the white, but try not
to use too much white. A little experi- BLANK CARDS AND PAPER.
menting will put you on the right track. Send for Samples and Price List.
Always draw the design at least three Good grade of Student's Practice Paper, either
times the size you wish to reproduce it. wide or ordinary niling. $1.25 per 1000 sheets.
See what you can do with this. This kind ONE DOZEN CARDS, elegantly written
of work is intended for half tone reproduc- in my best style, 2.5c. Tamblyn's Glossy Black
tion and should be worked up strong. Ink Po-wder, for one pt. of fine ink. 35c. Powder
for bottle of fine 'White Ink, 2.5c.

Francis B. Courtney \\\* Grand Ave. KANSAS CITY. MO.

Handwriting Specialist
pert Microscopic E iner of Forged
Suestioned Writing
LA CROSSE. WIS..
Care F. J. Toland.

Mr. I*. W. Clark, whose portrait appears

above, and a specimen of wrhose penman-
GILLOTT'S PENS,
TH» MOST PERFKCT OF
ship appears herewith, was born in Dela- PBIfS,
ware a third century a^o. We first met
of a HAVE GAINED THE
him in 1900 when he entered the Zanerinn
and from which he graduated the following
year. While here he not only acquired a
GRAND PRIZE,
Paris Exposition, 1900.
beautiful handwriting, but the right of way
to the affections of Miss Clara L. Ashton, Atla !• the Highest Prize ever Awarded to Pens.
one of the best looking and most skillful
ladA' penman it has ever been our pleasure
to instruct or know. As a consequence,
they were married and are now conducting
Clark's School of Business in North Tona-
wanda, N. Y. From what we have heard
we have everj- reason to believe that the
institution is a prosperous one and that
success and happiness are theirs. Mr. stock of skill and penmanship knowledge,
Clark, some two years ago, attended Mada- which indicates that he is alert for the good
rasz's Summer School and added to his things that are going.

Document
Legal Blan
Card Record
Credit Reports
Deposit Ticket
Insurance Policies
-Books — Reports
— Samples —Check;
Clipping:
Notes — Letters— Papi
Simply check the items tl
teiest —
you most w-rite name

and mail to
That's the tirst step in simplifying your otfice
or factory detail. And do it NOW.
THE SUIW-WILKER (OMPAXT, JfaaliFiroii. Blcli. ^
^ranch at Chicago in the .Marquette Building.
 f^^^Uii/neU^^f/iu^i/i^ ^
therein those things which properly belong same slant. Close stuall s at the bottom.
to other departments, and which, if done Watch slant of last down stroke in a. Don't
thoroughly there, are out of place in your
hurry too much in your practice.
department. Success to you. R. R. Y., lola, Kans. — Your practice shows
splendid freedom and a good beginning.
J. F. B., Minneapolis, Minn. You are im- Study form closely. Practice more syste-
proving nicely. Endeavor to shorten the matically'. Don't hurry. Learn to be delib-
shades in your ornamental capitals and to erate without being slow. Work more upon
thicken them a little near the center. compact exercises. Come again.
Study carefully the forms found in the
Spencerian Compendium, a copy of which
(intended for subscribers onlv.) you ought to possess. Some of your work it:
Under this heading Mr. Zaner critit ; specii
getting to be exceptionally fine. You
should use India Ink for your roundhand
B Cributc to the memory of the
work. Come again. late Joseph ttl. Sbepberd*
Postage should be enclosed if specimens are to be
returned. He will also endeavor to answer any and Don't shade movement
J. C. K., Niagara.
all questions pertaining to penmanship matters, or if Second turn in d too narrow;
thought best, questions may be submitted through
exercis^es.
last turn too large. Second half of too w B^ Charleton \'. HOWK
this department to the readers of our jovirnal for vol- narrow. Small a too narrow also. Figure 5
unteer answers. This gives the readers of Thk resembles You use too much tinger
3.
Business Educator the benefit of the experience movement, i^ractice more upon movement Joseph M. Shepherd of La Grange, Missouri
of one who has made thl; work a life-time study, as exercises. Cultivate a more elastic arm died suddenly at La Belle, Mo., where he
well as of those who contribute thereto. action. Study form more closely. Perse- was engaged as a contractor superintending
vere. Vtm are improving.
Pleased the building of granitoid walks. He was
Mr. M.
follows:
J. Okerlund, Tunipa, Fin., writes as C. S, C
Springfield Your small e exer-
cises is not executed easily enough. You
well and honorably known by all with
whom he was associated and he leaves
"I am pleased with THE BUSIXESS Euu- are curving the back of the c too much.
many friends to mourn their loss. Early in
CATOK. especially with the editorial pat^es Many of your connecting lines also curve
and the peiitnanship work. too rnuch. Let the movement from left to the seventies, he took a course of penman-
I aril in charge of the Cottiuiercial Depart- right be more direct. You make s and r ship in the Gem City Business College of
ment of the Hillsborough County High unusually well. On the whole you are Ouincy, 111., and afterwards became an
School. Our course is open to such pupils doing well.
as have completed the grammar grades, itenerant teacher and organized classes in
and requires two years' work. First vear: C. H. N., Cumberland— You are certainly writing in La Grange, Mo., and other places
Commercial Arithmetic, Commercial Geog- improving. Watch very carefully princi- near by. I had the honor of being in his
raphy, Spelling, Penmanship. Business ples in the small letters, retaining turns
Correspendence and Bookkeeping. Second where there are turns and angles where classes at three diflEerent times, the first
year: Bookkeeping, Commercial Arithme- there are angles. Learn to conceal your time at the early age of seven, and it was
tic. Commercial Law. Spelling. Shorthand pen liftings. The upper loop of L is too his instructions that laid the foundation to
and Typewriting. What do you think of the large. Shade of H
is too long. Study form
my future success as a penman. He rep-
course? Does it strike vou as being too closely. Watch endings as carefully as
"
full ? beginnings. resented several well known publishing
I think your course is an excellent one houses at various times and introduced
C. D. L.,SinkingSpring— Your work shows
and not too full, because you have in it a first-class practice. The certificate is yours their systems of writing in the public
strictlycommercial course — nothing else. if you keep up the pace you have set in the schools tliroughout the country. In his
You are sticking to your text, and by so beginning. Your c's are too round backed. ileath, the penmanship profession has lost
Your o's are not rounding enough. Your shining mark and a man who was an
doing you can handle more of the commer- a 's sometimes resemble o 's — close them a
cial work than if you were to incorporate carefully. Make both down strokes in ii of honor to the profession.

VICTTM^L?
/> '/*

HANDSOME DESIGN CARDS

'J'i

wsm
We
offer the penmanship loving public twelve cards, each con
taining a different design, with space for name to be written, which
are unquestionably the finest cards of the kind ever gotten out.
In the hands of wide-awake card writers they are money makers,
costing less than 5c. per set of twelve cards when $4.50 worth are
ordered at a time. Remit 10c. for a set and see how easy it will be to
take orders at good figures. The writing surface of the cards is un
excelled for fine penmanship, the stock being extra fine White I^Tbc Ej2d()rNSG]22ei2t of oarPafroK^
Wedding Bristol.
They are printed so as to very closely resemble pen work, and
most persons would suppose them to be pen work. The original
designs were of course all prepared with the pen, by one who is
recognized as the greatest master of flourishing and designing.
We present above one of the designs, but you must see all oi
them to fully appreciate the entire set.
. DESIGNING a ENGM/ING for
lEDUGAHONAI mSTlTUTIONS IS OTJRSPEGIAITY
PRICES iBy mail postpaid)

At these jjiict^s cardfi can be furuiished in Seta only. ^ND FO R gPECIAX PRIC£> LInST
One Set of 12 Cards ~ Twelve Sets of 144 Cards - -
Three Sets of 36 Cards
Six Sets of 72 Cards
Nine Sets of 108 Cards
Twenty-four Sets of 288 Cards
Forty-eight Sets of 57fi Cards
Ninety-six Sets of 1152 Cards
-
1.30
2.40 MICfllGANENGMVlNGGO.
4.50
2 '2 PEARL ST.
ZANER & BLOSER. Columbus, oiiio.
a GRAND RAPIIKS, MIGH.

I
^^^'iN&'r;^^^'^^ £Z'-?2^ J5cc-^i^:<i^2.^-7^:/ -t<.*«-<^ ^^l-Cl,'7-Z^ .-^U^C^X^ /^^^ ' <^^l^^XC4'0'97U^^£^^€^-CO*>tZ-'£€rr-
j
 f^^^ud/n^^i^dfu^i^fr* ^

Spkcimen ok HKiH Grade Illuminated Engrossing by Sa?iukl D. Holt, Engrosser, Philadelphia, Pa. Mich of the
BEAUTY IS lost in ENGieAVING AND PRINTING. F.\CTS, HOWE\ER, OF FORM ARE TRUTHFULLY REPRESEN lED.

liLE ARTISTIC PENCIL POINTER Penmen's Souvenir and Sard

Guides your Knife and Makes a Beautifully
Olritina
Tapered Point. A little volume of 3G pages, size 7'*4, ii'L' :s:

bound in Princess cover paper. The follow-

ing penmen's work is represented VI nour- :

ished card designs by Mr. Moore; 48 signa-

ture combinations by Mr. Zaner; tlourished
bird, letterhead and
'I envelope designs
'I

by Mr. Crowther; 2 lessons in flourishing,

:i bird designs, 6 flourished card designs,
Mr. Stotie; 1 envelope design, 3 pages of
card writing, by C. C
Canan (deceased);
'1pages of engrossing bj' Mr. Hallett 1 page ;

of business writing by Mr. Mills; 1 set of

ornamental capitals \>y Mr. Bode; 1 lesson
in Engraver's script by Mr. Bauer; 1 set
Fancy capitals by Mr. Valentine.
Doii't fail to send for a copy. You will not
be disappointed in the book. Price, 3nc.,
prepaid.
The 48 signature combinations by Mr.
Zaner, printed on 4 ply litho card board.
X 7, sent prepaid, lie
li

Written, Printed and blank Cards.

2 dozen Fancy written. 2oc: 500 Penmen's
business cards from design, $1.55, prepaid.
1,(KI0 3 ply, A No. 1 W. B. cards. 75c. 1.000
iir pf ns. an ke colored cards, 85c, by express.
itan inducement will end .\s8ort Agents wanted for writteti and printed
ingof 15 popvilar stylt s, postpaid. upon' receipt of 10 cards. Send for sample of blank cards and
cents, and pive you
price list. All orders promptly filled, cor-
STEVEHSON S STUDIO FREE
a Handsome Penholder respondence solicited.
HOWARD HUM PFNCO ., Camden, N J
\V. mcBee,
Suite 3, Grand Opera House Bldg., Cincinnati, 0. 19 Snyder St., Allegheny, Pa.

C^hC^.^^C'-rik^Le''^ czy-Tz^ 7^ci..^-£c.d^u>-rd ..4.<^-t,££' i^z^ei^'n^ yi^^cn^ ^

<:7%^ySiWU4e<^Z.A4<^£^zit.;--^^<:Z'tii'"^ I
I
 ,^^3Bud/neii^i^/iU^iXi^^ ^
e:ste:rbrook's pe:ns
Easy to write with. - Hard to use up."
CORRECT DESIGN UNIFORM TEMPER DURABILITY
150 styl,e:s
IS MY SPECIALTY
write your name on 1 doz. cards for 15c.
I -will
A pack of samples and terms to agents for a red
stamp. Agents wanted.
BLANK CARDS. 100 blank cards 16 colors, 15c.1 Text W
postpaid. 1,000 blank cards by express, 75c. Made in 3 widths
bottle black, glossy ink, 15c. 1 bottle white ink, poi
15c. 1 Oblique pen holder, 10c.
Vr. A. BODE,
27th St.. S. S.. Pittsburg. Pa.
E^sterbrook. Steel Pen Mf^. Co.
26 John St., N, Y. City

Artistic correct Dk.mitf.d

-kCU7?.6£jy
New Illustrated Catalogue
/?£P/?0£)i/Cf£) /A/ /7/?Sr Cl/^SS ST/lf 3Y
Ready January first. Send for it. We
lead as makers of high-grade diplo
ttias and certificates, - - • -

Designing l.a<n^/f/^/P^^ia^^p^ a>/it^

ana
^^^Ui^i//i^M^.^(7?n^/r/^n^/
Send fo Estimates and Sketches. U6-3SO OfA/i'ao/lW srxvfT-

Howard <2l Brown, m.^r-a^zp'-

Rookland, Maine

FINEST PENMANSHIP SVPPLIES OBTAINABK^E. Of

On goods listed belov pay postage on those that goby mail and purchaser pays carriage charges on those that go by express freight.
course the cheapest way is to order in fair sized quantities and have them go by freight.

PENS AND HOLDERS. BY MAIL, PREPAID. CARDS, INK, PAPER, ETC.

Gillotfs Lithographic Pen No. 290 Blank Cards— White bristol with Zanerian Pen. Pencil, and PaintinS
Fine Writer Pen— The besi
penmanship. Pad. and Portfolio, for sketching,
and finest fine writing pen made — besi
—One of the tinest pointed drawing finest surface for fine
pens made. 6 pens 25c. 3 pens 15c 28c drawing, and water color painting.
for engrossing;, card writing and all tine 100 by mail postpaid
..- --7.5c
Contains 40 sheets for J .40
script work. Gross $1 .00. J-i gross 25c Quill Pen No. 659—
.TtXIbv express
Cilhtts Crow 1000 by express »l-35
Bv mail 20 cents extra 60
Very fine points. 6 pens 25c, 3 pens
-15c
Zanerian India Ink— A fine drawing
Zanerian Ideal Pen— One Black Cards— Best made
Soennecken Lettering Pen — For
of the best for ink and best for preparing script and
pens made for general penwork busi- — making German Text, Old English, and drawings for photo-engraving.
ness or ornamental. One of the best by m Lil postpaid 28c
allbroad pen letters. Set of 13— num- 100 bottle by mail, postpaid $ .30
pens for beginners in penmanship.
1

bers I, P-, 2, 2'j, 3, :!.'3, 4, 5 and 6 RW by e: press -- --75c 1 dozen bottles by express 2.00
Gross 75c, % gross 25c. 1 dozen 10c 1000 by xpress.- $1.35
single pointed and 10, 20 and 30 double -

pointed - 25c Arnold's Japan /n/c— Nearly 'A pint

Zanerian Medial Pen— A high-grade
medium, extra smooth pen for business Double Holder for Soennecken Pens White Cardboard— Wedding Bristol bottle by mail postpaid -$ .40
writing. None better. Just right^for — Holds two pens at one time 10c for fine pen work. Sheets are 22x28. 1

1
pint by express
quart by express
.45
.75
students and accountants. Gross 75c, 6 sheets by express $ .60
y, gross 25c Zanerian Oblique Penholdei Hand- — 12 sheets by express - 1.00
White Ink —Very fine.
made, rosewood, 12 inches long, a 2 sheets by mail postpaid 50
Pen— A smooth, beautiful and perfect holder. 1 holder bottle by mail, postpaid ---$ .25
Zanerian Business 1
..J- -- 50c
durable, common
sense business pen. 12 bottles by express 1,85
For unshaded business writing, it has
never been excelled, if equaled. Gross Fine Art Oblique Holdei Inlaid
and fancy, hand-made, rosewood, and
— White Card6oaj-d— With hard finish,
much like ledger paper. Sheets are
20!ix23. Writing Paper— Finest 12 lb. paper
75c, a gross 25c. 1 dozen 10c made. 960 sheets per ream, ruling wide
by far the most beautiful holder made. 6 sheets by express $ .40
holder sent in a small wooden box, 70 and faint. ream by express
1 $2.25
Pen— 1
12 sheets by express
Cillolt's Principality No. 1 $1.00 50
.- -
3 sheets by mail, postpaid
fine writing pen. Gross $1.00, 'A gross Writing Paper —
Same quality as
2.5c. 1 dozen 12c Excelsior Oblique Holder— The best above mentioned but 10 lb. per ream.
low-priced oblique holder made. Many Black Cardboard— Finest for white 1 ream by express $2.00
Gillott's Double Elastic E. F. No. hundreds of gross have been sold. ink. Sheets are 22x38.
604 Pen— A medium fine writing pen. 1 holder-- $ .10 fisheets by express $ .50
Gross 7.5c, '4 gross 25c. 1 dozen 10c 75 Practice Paper- Best for the money
12 sheets by express -
team by express $1.50
gross-.- --- 1.10 to be had. I
Vi 2 sheets by mail, postpaid .50
Gillott's Magnum Quill -.
Wo. /^ gross - 2.15 Send stamp for samples of paper.
601 Pen — A business pen. ( iJl.OO, 1 gross -- 4.25
Wedding Papei —Sheets
Finest for penman-
% gross 25c. 1 dozen
— ship or drawing. are 21x33. Envelopes—
Oillotfs No. 303 E. F. Pen— Used
Straight Penholder Cork lipped
and best for business writing, flourish- 6 sheets by express
12 sheets by express
- $ .50
70
100 fine blue by nail, postpaid
100 fine white b: mail, postpaid-
$ .40
.40
— -

largely for drawing purposes. Gross ing, etc. 1 holder 10c, 6 holders 40c, 12
holders--- 65c 3 sheets by mail, postpaid .50 1000 either kind by express 1.50
$1.00, % gross 2,5c, 1 dozen 12c

Cash must accompany all orders. Prices are too low to keep acconnts.
We handle the best and can save you money.
Remit by money order, or stamps for small amounts.

Address, ZANER (Si BL0SE:R, COLVMBVS, OHIO.

1 Cp^^v-i^^^Ct^Lc^'^J ci^z^ 71c{.^^^^ci!'^i.i--rrl .-t<>i.^2^ t^.-<3.'>^^ yy^tt^ /tti' yrj-T.^y'n^io^r^o-c^z^ c^hz.73M.dffZJ.d^d^-K..€'aZ:e'^ |

 *^i^^ud/n^dA^^^/iu^i/^ ^
Some Pointed Quotations From Teachers
We quote the following from letters received from teachers connected with some of
the largest and best known schools in the country after reading articles in the
last issue of the Budget issued by this Company:
" Keep haumieriiiK away on the bookkeeping systems that teach the student the straight road to jail. A school man
who will teach students to sign other persons' names to business papers in his own favor ought to be locked up. But we •

.S!^ * '* '.J** ""5' "hen we take a job,' said a boy to me recently who had taken up one of these bookkeeping systems.
Then ,
1 why in the name of common sense do you do it that way in school?' "
said,
"I am
glad to see your reference to the subject of filling in amounts, and signing other persons' names to business
papers drawn in favor of tlie student signing them. When I was taking the last part of my business course, I went
through the experience of writing up the business papers on my side of the transaction, and also those belonging to the
?*•?'_ _^' A'^/'i*."" being that occasionally I did not know whether I was Hans vot's living or Jacob vot Is dead.'
•

It is a very confus „ J^thod and lacks the first resemblance of common sense and business. The special value of
your method as it is fou 1 in the Budget Systems is that it is a representation of the actual way bookkeeping in busi-
ness is conducted. It a business man's method of teaching bookkeeping in business."

THE BUDGET SYSTEMS OF BOOKKEEPING

Possess none of the absurdities that are found in nearly every other bookkeeping in print. They appeal
to the common sense of every intelligent teacher just as they have since their first publication. They
are found in use in the best conducted schools, and they are in highest favor among teachers, who have
had a practical experience. Additional schools are constantly adopting it.

There are two Budget Systems under the titles of

" COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL BOOKKEEPING " and

"BVSiNESS BOOKKEEPING AND PRACTICE."

Send for our new line of booklets and circulars just coming from the press.
Price list and full information sent to teachers.

SADLER-ROWE COMPANY, Baltimore, Maryland.

ANNOUNCEMENT
OR some time we have been working on Part III of our famous Office Methods
and we are now glad to be able to announce that it is ready for use. It pre-
sents so many new features that we haven't space here to enumerate them
all. It is an advanced work— advanced both as to its accounting features and as
to its business practice features. It for the first time brings the loose leaf order
system within the reach of the individual pupil. It gives the best of discipline in
computations and pure accounting. Will provide for a full month to six weeks'
work at least in a business school. Will follow any preparatory work on either
theory or practice plan. Comes the nearest to taking the place of an office practice.
For a limited time a sample outfit will be sent to known teachers, carriage prepaid,
on receipt of $1.00, remittance to accompany the order. Correspondence is solicited.
Address,

POWERS m. LrYONS,
Chicago - - New Yorlc.

I
u.j>yi^9'-n'^>^f>prU'^y^-y>T/'n^^ -^ 'S^-T-t.-Xyz^ y^-T.^yf p^-vy^p->^yT^ /y^^^t^ /w^<rp^^j^v^i,y:r^
j
llllllllllllllllilllllllllilliiilllllllUlliiiilllililiUllllllllUlMlllilllilllllllP^^
 f^^^ud^/i^d4^dfiai^i7^ ^

Qn OUR RECENT ^i^

TRANSCONTmENTAL^
TRIP WE FOUND BU5I'
NESS COLLEGES USING
THREE SEPARATE 5YS
TEMS. ONE FOR DESK
WORK,ONE FOR OFFICE
PRACTICE AND ONE
FOR BANKING. ^^
SEVERAL OF THESE
CHANGED TO THE

'^Sliss system of
'Actual BUSINESS t^
FROM THE START, BE^
CAUSE THEY SAID, mi
,

BUSINE "YOUR SYSTEM COM'

BINES THEM ALL IN&
one:'
THIS IS ONE REASON
WHY THE BLISS SYS-
TEM WAS ADOPTED BY
ST BUSINESS COLLEG-
ES INI903.C13IZIZ:~J

yf.HBUS3
^fSAOlNAW.MtCH"'
 ^^^^u^ned^^ifUu^iifir* ^
-^
f
School A BUSINESS SPELLER
A Book on Spelling,
Advertisifig 120
cotnpreheiisive little
pages of words most frequently seen in
business correspondence. Divided into les-
sons of fifty words each. Several lessons of
words pronounced alike, but spelled differ
ently. Just the thing for the school room.
I am in the School Advertisinji; Sample copy sent postpaid for 25 cents.
business. Forniore tlian ten years
I have made a specialty of the
business of interesting young
people in educational work. BUSINESS LETTER WRITING
If you are in the school busi- One of the neatest and brightest little works
on Commercial Correspondence. Unlike
ness, I want you to send for a copy anything else published. Write for sample
pages. Single copy sent postpaid for 50 cts.
of my "I Will" Folder. Itcon-
tains information in regard to
the service I offer. It will inter-
est vou. It's Free. OTHER BOOKS PUBLISHED
are " Musselman's Practical Bookkeeping,"
"High School Bookkeeping," "Commercial
Catalogfues, Booklets, Ads, Follow-up Law," "Commercial Arithmetic."
Systems Desigfned, Written, Printed;
right placing: and distribution advised. Try a Boxof Musselman's Perfection Pens,
Price Twenty-Sve Cents.

c. c. re:arick THED. L. MUSSELMAN PUB. CO.

School-Advertising Specialist,
QUINCY, ILLINOIS.
Masonic Temple, CHICAGO, ILL.

V- w^J

When You
modernize your business you eliminate
drudgery. When you modernize your
school (the comparison is obvious), use
Williams & Rogers Modern Illustrative
Bookkeeping, Mills' Modern Business
Penmanship, Modern Illustrative Bank-
ing, Moore's New Commercial Arith-
metic, Gano's Commercial Law, and
many more in the list worthy of investiga-
tion. Descriptive catalog and circulars
sent on request. Address nearest office.

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

Commercial Publications Department
NEW YORK - CINCINNATI - CHICAfiO

I C^^'V^'T€<^±£yr^ ^Z-^»£^ T^f'C^'-^C^V^'^r^ --OC^^.^^ *5^i<Z^^2-<^ -^^^^^U^' <:7%.t 7^.cC'd^^O'Z,^^t^€^<^^'C<^^^'d7'r: 1

 f^^^Uii/n^d^(^/iu^i&r* ^
WE skim the cream. The
best schools and the best
BcBDETT College i^ teachers are on our list.
Requests for teachers
meet immediate, courteous,
18 Boylston St.. Boston. Mass.. Nov. 28. 1904. careful persona/ consideration
Mr. E. E. Gaylord. Beverly. Mass. by the Manager, who is in the
Dear Mr. Gaylord: harness every school day,
Last summer, when we decided to move into new and enlarged quarters teaching the commercial sub-
in Boston and to erect a building and open a branch school in Lynn, we considered
jects acquainted, therefore,
carefully what would be the best method of obtaining the high-grade teachers we
;

would need, with the greatest economy of time and trouble in the process. with conditions as they are
Our experience with Teachers' Agencies had not been wholly satisfactory, today, not merely as they were
but having had a long, intimate acquaintance with you. and feeling the utmost con- ten years ago —
an "is-er", not
fidence in your experience. Judgment, and integrity, we decided to place the matter
As a a "has-been".
in your hands as Manager of the National Commercial Teachers' Agency.
result, we engaged five of your men--three without a personal interview. Handsome Prospectus and
We never had so little trouble in settling the question of competent teachers— blanks for three two -cent
always a subject of vital importance to the welfare of the school— and we never stamps. No enrollment fee
enjoyed greater personal interest than you showed in completing the task you under-
took, to the entire satisfaction of both the teachers and ourselves.
noit' or ever.
Your plan is unique and highly satisfactory, your acquaintance is national,
your experience as a teacher qualifies you for sound judgment, and your well-
known reputation for candor, integrity, and executive ability should commend your
Agency to all who need such service as it can render. The National
We wish you unlimited success.
Yours very truly,
Commercial Teachers'
Agency

Prospect Hill Beverly, Mass.

E. E. GAYLORD. Manager

"^
AS A TEACHER'S MANUAL AND A LEARNER'S GUIDE,
THIS IS THE MOST VALUABLE WORK ON PENMANSHIP EVER PUBLISHED.
The Arx Novement method of Rapid Writing is the most important book
on practical business writing issued thus far in the new century. New, complete,
and progressive, it covers the ground from a to 2 as it has never before been cov-
eied. It is educational, scientific, and truly practical. Art and philosophy, theory
and practice, form and movement, learning and doing are utilized to produce a
system of writing that is easy to teach, easy to learn, easy to read, and easy to write.
The style is thoroughly modern and practical, combining the merits of the verti-
cal and the slant, the round and the angular, form and movement, and the abbrevi-
ated and the complex systems of writing as they have never been combined before.
The instructions are so explicit and complete, the copies so well graded and executed,
and the forms so simple and easy, that no one need go without a good handwriting.
The work is much more than a mere self-instructor for the home student who
wishes to improve his penmanship. It is also intended for the teacher of writing
and for the one wrho wishes to prepare as such. Movement is explained, analysis
given, exercises presented, copies and instructions written in such a logical manner
that it is difficult to determine what might have been added or omitted.
It contains about 500 copies, all of which were written freely, and which are most
inspiring models, such as only that master penman, C. P. Zaner, could prepare. In-
structions accompany every copy in the book, and these instructions are unquestion-
ably the ni teresting and valuable ever prepared for the benefit of the learner and the teacher. It begins with exercises
and ends written page, covering exercises, principles, figures, letters, words, sentences, business forms, etc. It gives
the time a vement as well as the right exercises for each and every copy.
It contains, also, a new system of artistic penmanship, a new commercial roundhand, and alphabets for lettering with
common or broad pen. It presents for*he first time objective anatomy and physiology specially suited to the needs of penmen
and teachers. A complete, sin.ple, nontechnical system of analysis is presented, which aids alike the learner and teacher-
As a practical work on methods of teaching, it is the most important ever issued.
It is composed of upwards of a hundred pages 8x8 inches, is printed on white enameled paper, and bound in art linen so
as to open tlat. The book is new in copies, illustrations and text from cover to cover, the arrangement is original, and the
method progressive, educational, and practical. Neither time nor expense have been spared in its preparation. In fact it is
the product of study, observation, experiment, and skill covering more than two decades.
You cannot teach writing in its fullest and most practical sense without having seen, studied and practiced from this
book. It explains the philosophy and mechanism of writing as has never before been attempted, and all in all, represents the
author's latest and best efforts in both skill and thought.
A beautiful certificate from the pen of the author is ffiven to those who follow its instructions. Price, $1.50 postpaid.
Address, ZANER & BLOSER, COlUMBUS. Ohio.
^ J
I
^^^'^t^-A'^'rCc^iLe^'r^ cz^^^z^ ^cc.^'^ctd^^i,£'-7^ ^t.i^'<.^£^ /i4<^-^2-^ .^u.^^^-tC' /v^ yr>'7,£.''n.'£o'ff'>7..,ty9i^ C^^ /2«<i*<?^.^<:i<^(£^^«>c<«<5r^T |
 f^^^ud/n^d^^f^ifu^i^^ ^
COMMCNT NCEDLrCSS!
'"''
OF
Bmwm's B<is«NESs Coivccts.

October 17th 1904,

Mr. John R. Gregg,

The Gregg Publishing Company,
151 Wabash Avenue,
Chicago, 111.

Dear Mr. Gregg:

It is with great pleasure that I inform you that the

Business Education Exhibit of Brown's Business College Company
at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition has been honored with the
"Grand Prize," which is the highest award.

This award may justly be regarded by you as reflecting

credit upon Gregg Shorthand, as your systexn of shorthand is
used In the fifteen schools represented in the exhibit; and
the students who gave the demonstrations before the Jury and
the public were writers of the system. The Jury appeared to
be particularly interested in the demonstrations of high speed
v/riting in Gregg Shorthand, and in the recording of different
languages in the system, which were given by Mr. Raymond P.
Kelley.

You are welcome to make any use you may deem fit of this
announcement or this letter. Gregg Shorthand is now taught in
all of our schools but one; and each year deepens our faith in
its great superiority in speed and legibility over the old-time
systems which we formerly used.

Wishing you continued success, I remain.

Very trad^'

\ Have you seen our new booklet, "The Speed -Giving Qualities of Gregg Shorthand"?
It's yours for the asking. If you are a teacher, ask for the "Proposition".

The Gregg Publishing Co. Chicago

1 C^i:^''i/~A>^rC{^±.£.'?^ £Z^^?z^ ^<.c-^-£c<dyA.£-'rd .-<:<**.^^ ^^i.€Z^'7%^ yu..^-t^ C7>^ 73.44.A^e^<yL.£4d^^l^<:^.<,c^O€Z'^<rT- I

 *^^^u^/nediy&/iu^i/fr* ^
r"

Isaac Piiman^s
SHORTHA
E^XCLrVSIVEI^Y ADOPTED
by the Neiv York. Board of Education for the Da.y
a.nd Cvenln^ Hl^h Schools of Greater Ne-^ York.*

Sixpremacy by Sixpei*ioi*ity
"CUairman Dix, supply committee, presented reso-
of the
lutions awarding the contract for stenography text-books, which
had been laid over owing to a protest. Mr. Dix explained that
the specifications called for books of one "system," as that sys,
tem had l>een adopted by the superintendents. Mr. Stern pro-
tested against restricted bidding, unless the board knew the
reason for adopting one particular system of stenography. Dr.
Maxwell explained that it was necessary to have one system for
all schools and the superintendents, after a hearing, had selected
that system which they had deemed best. Mr. Jonas favored
the selection of one book, as he believed it was a step toward uni-
form text-books. What had been done in stenography should be
done in other subjects. It would mean a great saving each year."
—From the Globe and Commercial Advertiser, Nov. 24, 1904

PARAXIAL LIST OF BOOKS OFFICIALLY ADOPTED:

Isaac Pi^man Shortha rtsfructor $ .50
1 20th Century Dictation Book and Le^al Forms (Ordi-

.....
Shorthand Oradiis (Ordinary Print! .06 nary Print.) 'Cloth Sr.OOl - - $.75
Aesop's Fables in Shorthand

Complete) ..... . -

Business Correspondence in Shorthand, No. 2

Isaac Pitman's Shorthand Dictionary
-

Business Correspondence in Shorthand (Nos. I and 2

1.
.20

.60
.25
30
lieportinS Exercises (in Ordinary Prtntl
Key to KeportinS Exercises (in Shorthand.)

A
50c.)
Practical Course in Touch Typewriting.
E. Smith.) (Cloth 75.) . .
-
(Cloth

(ByChas.
-
- .20

.40

.50

Axx-y of the above -Mrorlcs sent post-p&Zcl ot\ receipt of price.

Send for copy of PITMAN'S JOURNAL and "Whicli System of Shorthand Should We Learn?"

ISAAC PITMAN <a SONS, Publishers,

31 \7nton Sqvxstre, Ne'v«r York..
Publishers of "Pitman's Commercial Speller" 176 pp., cloth, 35c. postpaid.

The N. y. World sars: ".1 work of infinire possiliiJitifS."

I i^/^^'2A^^^^t,£i.£y<^ a^'n^ /^^^i.-^-^c^d^^LS'-rd ^«*£.^^ z^-'i^z-?^^-^ ^^jt^t^to

^
Cy^^L^ /3,<^..^4.^Z^£A.aGc^.<.o<'€V^trT^
 COLUMBUS, 0., JANUARY, 1905. Professional Edition. $1.00 a Year.
Penmanship Edition. 65 cents a Year.

THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR, Hail to the new Vear! Why not vou?
Entered at Columbus. Ohio. Post Office as Second
Here's to nineteen hundred and This is the way the progressive,
five ! May it be a year of peace, hustling, skillful O. T. Johnston,
Published Monthly (except July and August), by plenty, and progress, to all. To that
penman in Sine's big Mountain State
Zaner i Bloser. 118 N. High St.. Columbus, O.. as Business College, Parkersburg,
follows: Teachers' Professional Edition, $1.00 a end let us each and all labor, confi-
Year iForeign Subscriptions 30 cents extra); Stud- dently believing- that it will come W. Va., plans and conducts his pen-
ents' Penmanship Edition. 65 cents a year, (Foreien true if we merit
Let each new day
it.
manship work outside the regular
Subscriptions 20 cents extra).
bring its duties, its pleasures, and its class lesson. We will quote from his
reward. letter:
C. P. Za Colu bus, O. Editoi Let us each labor for the
.

Beverly. IV [ass. - Associate Editor general good of our profession, and "I ani stetting along well with mv work,
FINE. I am enclosing a club for
.

Columbus. in fact
O. - Business Manager for the welfare of each engaged there- The Business Educator, and after the
ions to Zaner & Bloser. in. By so doing and living, nineteen holidays I hope to make it unanimous by
s relating to the depart- hundred and five will prove to be all seeing that all students are on your books.
o Mr. Gaylord. I believe I have the best system of con-
that we anticipated, and more. ducting my oiit-of-class work. I have a
Two Editions. 'SiNEss Educator is
Here's to you and your's, and yours penmanship grade register in which I enter
published in two ed 'he Teachers' Profes- to be; to each and all a cordial, opti- every student's name. Then I rule one
sional Edition cont irmore pages. 16 of column foreach platein Doner'sorCurrier's
mistic, fraternal greeting. lessons. Every student must prepare one
Department plan and
E teachers, principals, page from each plate, label their plates,
Colored titl page. Price $1.00 a whether Doner or Currier; and date them
eiubs. September, October, November, etc. I col-
Students' Penmanship Edition contains 38 lect these papers before each practice
pages i he same as the Professional Edition, period. If papers are O. K., I stamp them
less the sixteen pages devoted to the Departments Friends, do not forget that this and register the grade; if not. I use red ink.
of Commercial Teaching. This edition is specially isthe season of the year for new In the evening I return all plates, or pages,
suited to students in Commercial. Public and either to be re-written or filed away.
Private schools, and contains all of the Penmanship.
students for you and subscriptions The student! take much interest in their
Engrossing. Pen Art, and Lesson features in the for us. See to it that each new stu- work, and they know more definitely what
Professional Edition. Price 65 cen'-s a year. dent is made acquainted with the they are accomplishing. Before a student
is entitled to graduation he must have all
merits of The Busixess Educator. those plates up from the time he entered
Change of Address. If you change your ad- And better still, see to it that he sub- sclioni until he leaves."
dress, be sure to notify us promptly (in advance, if
possible), and be careful to give the old as well as scribes. Let us visit him monthlv to It is needless to add that O. T. is
the new address. We
lose many papers each issue encourage and enthuse, and to assist getting results. Why not you do
'hrough negligence on the part of sut)scribers. you
Back .Numbers cannot, as a rule, be supplied.
in your endeavors to awaken in- likewise ? Do you know of anvthing
Postmasters are not allowed to forward journals terest in the art, so many only half better? Success is closely allied '

unless postage is sent to them for that purpose. believe they can acquire. with system and enthusiasm.' Johns-
We shall'do our very best to cheer, ton has both. The young people
The Business Edi cator 1 s devoted tc the pro- to instruct, to inspire and thus sup- under him may thank'their "lucky
en^ssive and practica interest s of Bus ine s Educa-
lion and Penmanship A jou nal whc se plement vour efforts. We are spec- stars " for having been placed under
lO dignify, popularize and mprove the wortd's
, ialists, devoting our energies to the his instruction. And the best of it
newest and neediest educati on. It pur poses to upbuilding of the a^t of writing. We
inspire and instruct b oih pup and te arh er, and to 1
all i.; that Mr. Johnston is growhig-;
further the interests o f those ngaced in he work, need your support in order that we he doesn't know it all. He has a
in private as well as ^ public i ons of busi- may support you in your labors for future, as he already has a creditable
less labored writing. past.

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 Public School Penmanship. who thoroughly knows his business and
who would conscientiously serve the cause
DONER,
C.E. of good business penmanship? It seems
SUPERVISOR OF PEN?IANSHIP IN THE PUB- that the day for the suservisor of penman-
LIC SCHOOLS OF BEVERLY, MASS.
ONE STYLE CLEAR THROUGH. ship is at hand. Each year we hearofoneor
Why would it not be well to teach one more new cities employing his services.
Who would not like to see better penman- style of penmanship in the Public Schools The fact of the matter is that wherever a
ship in our public and higli schools? Is it from the first to the ninth grades inclusive, good supervisor is employed in the graded
not true that the penmanship in the maior- and thus have harmony in style and slant schools better results in penmanship are
it> of our public schools is very unsatisfac- of letters throughout all the grades? In being obtained than in the cities where no
tory? Why is this? other words, the style and slant of penman- supervisor is employed. His mission
I desire to state, in a few words, one or two ship taught in the' first and s-econd grades should be to grade the lessons properly and
things that I think are the cause, in part, should also be taught in the eight and to instruct the grade teachers how to teach
of these unsatisfactory conditions: and ninth grades, and so on through the high pentnanslnp mtelligently and hi to write
also to give a thought or two that may school. While recently instructing one of well themselves. "Abundant Ser ice.
possibly help in their improvement. my new fifth grade teachers in the use of the should be his motto.
TOO MANY- CHANGES. arm movement in making certain exercises, START RIGHT.
We all know that there have been several she told me that she practically understood
the method, having received such instruc- In myjudgment a style of pen hip on
changes the style of penmanship in our
in a slant of from 6.t° s best, and for
tion from the supervisor of penmanship in
public schools within the last few years.
the city where she taught before coming to this reason: It adm ts of more movement
In the attempt to decide which style might than the vertical, a d movement writing
be best to teach children, changes have Beverly. I told her that I was very glad,
indeed, that a teacher could go from one nowadays is what
ihat isi demanded of young
been made from the slant to the vertical men and women. Arm movement pen-
and from the vertical to the slant and city to another and have the same ideas in
manship ought to be taught in every pub-
medial. Superintendents of schools and teaching penmanship. I believe that if the
supervisors of penmanship would get to- lic school from the fifth grade, on through
School Committees have been, and are to the ninth. Supplementary movement
being, influenced by copy-book publishers, gether occasionally and decide upon a reg-
ular course of instruction to l;>e used in the exercises could be given even in the first
relying upon their judgment in the matter, and second grades with pencil, and in the
and thinking that they would have a book several cities represented, that in time,
practically all the cities would establish third grade with ink. Right here I wish to
that would cure all the bad effects of former say that vertical penmanship usuallj' de-
conditions and meet every demand of the same course and method of instruction
in teaching penmanship. Thus, when a velops into a backhand slant that is slow
present conditions. But, alas, after the and awkward. Individuality in penman-
books have been adapted and in use for a pupil changes his residence and has to at-
tend another school in some other city, ship—which certainly ought to begin to
year or so, along comes another copy-book
by this plan, his style of writing would un- manifest itself in the eighth grade —
publisher with his books, representing a is desirable. Vertical penmanship does
little different style of penmanship and dergo no radical changes.
A school principal in a recent conversa- not admit of this individuality, except that
claiming for them over all
superiority it develops into a stvle that is scrawlv and
others. Changes necessarily have
to be tion with me, said, " I think it is wrong to ungraceful. This is not theory, but a fact.
made sometimes, but does not seem
it
teach vertical penmanship in the first As long as the pupil writes slowly, he can
wrong to allow this sort of thing to go on grades and slant penmanship in the upper write a stvle that is practically vertical,
year after year? Are we not doing an in- grades." And certainly it seems so to me. but teach him movement and his penman-
How much better it would be when the ship will lean. To illustrate, when you
justice to teachers and pupils? Think of walk slowly vour body is vertical to the
the evil we inflict upon children in requir- child enters upon his first year of school
floor,but start to run, which is adding
ing them to change their style of penman- life to teach him a plain, simple style of movement, and vour body will lean. So it
ship so often. Is it any wonder that so penmanship, and continue this without seems to me that it is best to teach a style
many parents are displeased with their any change until he finishes his schooling ot penmanship that leans somewhat to the
children's penmanship? Is it any wonder in the ninth grade. If this could be done. right of the vertical in order that arm
— and I believe we are coming to see that it
movement may be brought into use. And
that the boys and girls do not write better by so doing, would it not be reasonable and
on entering the high school, the business isthe right course to pursue, — who would right to begin in the first grade to teach
school, or the counting room ? dare say that all of our boys and girls on the kind of penmanship, as to style and
It is not ray purpose to find fault with entering the high school would not be slant, that is to be taught in all the other
what has been done in the past, liut rather writing a plainer, easier and more rapid grades? This is the plan pursued in the
to give expressions to a thought or two style of penmanship? Beverly schools.
I shall be pleased to learn through the
which in myjudgment would suggest some COMPETENT SUPERVISION DESIRED. columns of THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR
improvementover past experiences, though Also, would it not be highly advantageous what other teachers and supervisors of
I do not have anything new or entirely for every city to employ the services of a penmanship are thinking and doing on
original. competent supervisor of penmanship, one this most important subject.
 *!^^r^Ui^/i^^4^^(/iu^i&r* ^

BY A. C. HOI,Mt>l'EST, I'UPII. OF C. E. LOWDEK, PEN?IAN IN METROPOLITAN BUS. COL. MINNEAPC II.IS. ?IINN.

•^•••••'
'
••"•"-- -'"" ' •'
-
-
-

[essSnsT 23u5tne55 Penmansl?ip

;rvisor of Writ Work for critic
ng in the Beverlj' should be mailed
to Mr.Doner by
Mass., Public each
fifth of
Schools. month.

i^r^>.^^,^^mr:%y^.mK<m'!m%?<^g;rer^.y#j^

I have just a few words to saj' to you before you begin your practice on this lesson. Lay your liolder down, sit back in your
chair in a restful position and read these few words.
First, I want you to see and tliink that this work is a process of development. To learn to write beautifully requires a great
deal of study of form and an endless amount of practice. Do not expect to write a good hand in an hour, or in a day, or in a month.
But if you persist, a better handwriting is coming all the time. There must be many imperfect efforts before there can be perfect
results. Even though you do fail many times to produce the results you would like to see, even though there are periods when you
seem to have gone back or seem to be doing worse than at the start, yet by persistent effort all the time you will keep advancing
toward a more perfect style of penmanship. How did you learn to walk and talk? Did you ever go to a walking teacher or a talk-
ing teacher? Did you not learn to walk and talk after ten thousand failures? So in practicing penmanship, there will be many fail-
ures, but because you fail many times to make the letters and exercises as you would like to see them, that should not, or ought
not, keep you from constant, persistent effort to win out in the work. I desire to have you see that, in your effort to make a good

penman out of yourself, it requires a great deal of form study (mental practice) and a great deal of right arm muscle practice. The
eye must be trained to see and the muscle to execute. But, advancement comes only through many failures. Before you begin
work I wish to leave these two words with you, desire, wliich is proof of ability to 'accomplish, and persist, which is to continue in
a course against many failures Herein lies the secret of your success in mastering this course of lessons.
Now for work — try to make it pleasant. See that you have a good pen, a good holder, and good clean ink, and a wet sponge to
keep your pen clean. Assume a good square position at your desk. Keep your paper a little to the right of the centre of your body
and tipped so that the rigiit edge of the paper and the right arm run nearly parallel. Keep the weight off of the right arm — I do
not mean that you should lift it up from the desk — but allow the weight of the arm only to rest on the desk or table.
Plate 24
First look carefully at the exercises in lines 1 and 2. I think they will bear close inspection. Practice on them faithfullj-, for
they are the foundation exercises to the loops below the line. Use all arm movement — drawing the arm in the sleeve and the —
pen toward the centre of the bodv on the muscle in front of the elbow in making the— loops below the line. They S'hould be made
quickly. Be rntir.il with Mnirown wurk '^rmii < nmpare. practice.

Plate 25
As I have said before, I believe in a great deal of practice on wide spacing between letters as given in lines 1, 3, and 5. This
kind of practice i« what gives j-ou strength of movement in gliding across the page, and also in joining the letters when the
narrower spacing is used as in lines 2, 4, and Plate on following page.
fi.
 >,--^-?:^ -^^^--^^-Z/ -^^^^-^-^^-Z-^--^^^^^-^-^-^-^---^-^;"-^

^^^^'-^'^-^/^^^^^^^^^/p^T-T-^,,^^/-^^^?-^^/^^ •^^^7"^^^^

Plate 26
You may continue your practice on wrords using the loops below the line. Some prefer to abbreviate the y and g as given in
the words "joyous" and I most always abbreviate the
" yielding." y and s when they come at the end of a word. Of coiirse the
abbreviated form necessitates raising the pen, and some prefer to make the loop and thus avoid this raising. The z and ) I
should never abbreviate.

^ Z^^A^e^ ^.^^-^-^^-^^--^-^
Plate 2 7
Study this plate See where the letters are placed in writing across the lines.
closely. I would urge you to make both down-
ward strokes in the u and n firm and straight to the line and not far apart, and then glide with a light, free movement to the
right. Keep the weight off your right arm so as to get the free glide between the letters.

Look carefully at the words written cross-wise. Before you begin to practice on any plate, first study it closely. Get n i

picture of the way the letters are made, then by persistent practice you will be able to execute them properly with the pen a
right movement.
 Plate 29
Try grouping the figures in this way, being very careful to keep them directly under each other, so that you could add the
columns if you wished to do so. Learn to make Ggtires with a light, quick moyement.

/ > ^ ^^' d y / 7-^ ^^ ^ 7 / >^ 6 y f(^ o

/^3/^-^Cyfyo / 7^3 ^^ y fey' o / ^.3 ^.^ y f y o /^ (^

/ 3 ^ ^ ^ y fey' o /-^^^^^yfyo / ^^ ^^ ^ y f y o
2-

/ -^^^ ^^ C y f'y o /J-^^^^yfyo /^^^.^Cyf^o

/ > ^ j^^jr ^ y fy o / 7-3 ^-^ / :X'3 ^^ C y f y

/ 7^ 3 ^^ C y f^y o / 2-^ ^v^ ^ y J^y o /^^^^.j^iyfyo

C. A., W. Va. You are improving nicely. I would suggest that you make your ending strokes a little shorter.

W. C
F.
— it is too black.
X. Y. Glad to get your work. You make small letters more accurately than the average beginner. Dilute your ink a little

M. B., W. Va. You are doing well. Your small letters show strength movement, and that is what I like to see.
of
H. L. D., Wis. Don't make the dot in the small c and r too prominent. Your work is good, but try to make it better next month.
E. W. D., Mich. Try to make your small letters a trifle smaller— 3'ou are making them a little big. I have showed some of your
^rork to my
high school pupils — they think it is fine.

W. W. K., Mich. Use more arm movement in making your exercises — they don't show freedom enough. Don't make spacing wide
insmall n 's, u 's, m
's, etc., just between.

R. N., Mo. Your work is better. Send nie more pages. Last month one man sent me forty pages. Give all the time you can to
penmanship - you'll never regret it.
W. O'C, 111. Your small letters are better but they are too large. Reduce them a little, and try to make a clean, clear, smooth line.
J. D. P., W. Va. You are improving. Notice little things about the small letters. Close the small a and make it pointed at the top.
C. O. S., O. You are doing better, but you need more good movement practice, both for capitals and small letters. You'll come out
all right by the end of the course.
D. H. S., Mass. Glad to get your work. You need to practice on movement exercises thoroly. Get up lots oT steam with your arm
and pen and then try hard to apply your movement to the making of exercises and letters. Send more work. You need not notify
the editor.
F. C. S., 111. Your work shows movement. Keep on creating movement and applying it to all your written work. Study little
things about exercises, words, and letters, and try to make them more accurate.
T. J. S.,Ia. You still need more real arm movement. Get "lots of steam back of your pen, especially in making the exercises, then
apply it to making of letters, etc. Break away from your old habit of slow writing and learn the new.
R. W., W. Va, Now I can see improvement. You are putting in some good hard licks on your penmanship, arn't you? That's right,
keep it up.
E. E. W., N.
J. Glad to get your work. You are a Thornburgh pupil, arn't you? Follow his instruction and you will become a good
penman. Your work is a little on the rough yet, but you'll soon improve. Come again.
J. W., N. Y. I am pleased to get your work. You need more practice on movement. Use a better ink — a blue-black fluid is good.
Always use a good ne-. ,", ' i-^ lots of your work to criticise. Keep at it, and I am sure you will win a certificate.
 f^^^ud/ned^i^/iu^ailfr^ ^

Plate 26
Writing, to have a commercial value, must be written legibly at a fair rate of speed, hence one can readily see aftei a few weeks'
•

studious effort, that the easiest and best road to tliat end is through a free movement. Exercises 1 and 2 are excellent for precision and
neatness. Master them all before proceeding further.

Plate 27
This plate reviews three important letters. The second form of I^in line 5 is a popular one among rapid writers. In the sentences,
be sure to maintain a uniform, definite slant.
/^/aZ-e-JyV?/.
/.
 ^^^3Bud/neM^i(/iu^Uir' ^
The 7 and/ are considered difficult capitals. Practice movement exercises assiduously before attempting them. The important
stroke is the first one in both cases. Curve it well, and have the downward line, or stem, quite direct. Study as you work.

7-^/a/-e.j(yi////.

L/c

^=::^^^^^/^:3?r^^^^^^

PlaU 29
Lines 4, 5, and 6 will furnish some excellent practice to strengthen the connective lines. Write these two, and even three, linei
to the space.

P/a^e r//r.

For beginners, the angular form of i^'andTare troublesome. The stem is a double or compound curve. Always pause at the angle
before finishing,- Have the cap close to the stem but donothave it touch at any point.- ,_,.-. .-. .-— - -
 f^^f3Bu^i/n^U^i^/!fu^iif/ ^
T^/a/'e.X/r.

L. R. N., Mont. —Try to have minimum letters uniform in height. Yes, you are getting nearer the certificate. Work is tine.

E. E. W., Paterson — You have carried out suggestions to the letter and profited thereby. Capital If is not quite strong enough
Keep on.
E. J. M. C — Check speed and study form more. Don't scribble. Figures are fine.

T. J, S., Boone, la. -Practice more on capitals. Your movement is not quite strong enough. Small letters are very neat.

E. B. S. — Doing well. Practice faithfully to get better connective lines in small letters. Movement needs lots of attentton.

C. H. I., N. J. — Glad to get your work. It is well done. Small m 's and n '.s are not quite round enough.

W. D. G., N. J. — Your figures are the best I have received. Capital A is too wide. Keep at it and you will surely succeed.

PROFESSIONAL nrsiNESS PENPI.\NSHIP BY ?IR. S. ?I. BI.l'E, COI,U?IIiUS, OHIO, PEN PISIIEK IN THE OFFICE OF THE B. E.
 '

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radical Business IDriting

Cls Ctpplicb to Business ^orms

South FifANiNGiiA?!, Nass.

zj^X-^^^:^^^^ t^A^^
 ^^^f^ud/n^d^Uiu^iifr ^
Good and Some Other which he had consecrated his ener-
J\ I)and. ^-^^^ J=s:^^^^^^ ^"'«:^>>i, ,

gies, he passed peacefully and pain-

6ood Cbinas> lessly away, as if in response to his
own wish that there be "no moaning
No other one element of an education at the bar" when he put out to sea,
will -do so much for its possessor in and leaving to us the precious
the way of securing a position when legacy of a memory shell-tinted with
in need' of one as good penmanship. a richness like unto the purpled glory
Nor is it simply because it is an at- of a southern sunset sky.
tractive art. Employers are attracted In memoriam Edg.ar'M. B.^rber.
to those who possess it, but it carries New York, November 28, 1904.
with other qualifications which
it John D. Odell [Death occurred November 25, at his
li..iiie, 307 Lenox Ave.. Xew York City. His
make for. usefulness and therefore widow and a daughter, Mrs. Dr. Ketchani,
for success. These by-products, as Tenantless, unresponsive, like a of Stamford, Conn., .survive him.
we might call them, or more proper- broken reed after the storm has Mr. Odell was a superior teaclier of writ-
ing, as well as of bookkeeping;, his black-
ly speaking, reserve forces, may be passed, survivor of the allotted three board work being almost perfect in its pre-
enumerated in the order of their im- score years and ten, the body of cision and delicacy. He was with the Con-
portance as follows: patience, per- John D. Odell — teacher, friend, and tinental Insurance Co at Chicago, until tlie
severance, industry, care, determi- man —has been borne to its last long big tire. From tiiere he went to Toronto
and opened his business school, selling it
nation, and observation. These are resting place and his spirit gathered and engaging as an accountant in Wall
the qualities which develop good into the Boundless Deep. about ISSO. From this position
street, X. Y.,
penmanship and are developed in Warm-hearted, generous, kindly, a he f ntered the Packard School as Principal
of the Theorv Department —EDITOR.]
return by it for, as is now very
; loyal friend, an indulgent father, a
generally conceded, we are helped by devoted husband, and in all, through
and while helping others we get ; all, and beyond all of these relation- Subscriptions
strength and skill by giving strength, ships, a teacher consecrated to the
power, and acJivity. highest and noblest ideals. To the Students' Penmanship Edi-
Valuable, however, as is a good Born on a farm near Canandaigua, tion ofThe Business Educ.\tor may
handwriting, it of, and in itself, has New York, seventy-one years ago be begun, if desired, with the Sep-
but little power. Its real worth, its September last, graduating from the tember, 1904, number. In that num-
greatest value lies in the service it State Normal School at Albany in ber Messrs Doner and Tamblyn be-
may render to its parent — language. the sarrie class with the woman who gan their lessons. Besides, Septem-
For writing is but recorded speech. became his life companion, conduct- ber is the beginning of our volume
And in the proportion that good ing a commercial school in Toronto, for each year. We hope to continue
penmanship bespeaks also good Canada, and teaching for nearly a to begin subscriptions with the Sep-
language, it is truly serviceable and quarter of a century in the Packard tember number, when desired, for a
therefore truly valuable. Good pen- School, his entire career, with brief month or two yet. We cannot, how-
manship gets the job but other quali- exceptions while engaged in the busi- ever, begin professional subscrip-
ties hold it. ness world, had been spent in the tions at that time as we are entirely
" holding " qualities of a posi-
The training of young men and women out of the editions back of December.
tion, besides the by-products and for commercial life.
reserve forces previously mentioned, To this man, whose kindly advice, Partial eontents of the Ceacbers' Pro-
are first, sptlhng second, capitali-; rigid example, and insistent discip- fessional Edition.
,zation and punctuation third, ; line have set in motion wide circles
construction of sentences; fourth, of influence, is due the tribute that Associ.'iTE Editor's Page.
clear expression fifth, quick and
; he thought only of the littleness of
accurate in mathematics ; sixth, his service and grew old, filled with Commercial Geography, by Frank
loyalty ; seventh, morality ; and sorrow at times, because he did not O. Carpenter, Boston.
eighth,uncompromising character. know, as no man can know, how Department of Business Corre-
These ho/it the position, and utilize wide and far-reaching had been his spondence, Carl Lewis Altmaier,
penmanship as a vehicle for their influence for good. Drexel Institute, Philadelphia.
expression. John D. Odell was a true teacher.
Young man, young woman, acquire He knew that no single method of Dep.\rtment of Typewriting, by
a good hand writing, but, above all, teaching combined all the excellen- Miss Stella Smith, Simmons Col-
acquire something for it to serve, for cies and excluded all the defects of lege, Boston.
it to feed upon. good instruction. While profiting by Dep.\rtment of Arithmetic, E. E.
Bookkeeping, shorthand, and type- the experiences of others, he was a Kent, High School, Springfield,
writing are all right in their time and teacher who introduced a generous Mass.
place, but without the fundamental variety into his modes of teaching,
elements mentioned, they are of but drawing largeU', however, upon his Commercl^l L.ivw, W. H. Whigam,
little value. The difference between own wide and careful observation in Chicago.
a $5.00 a week and a $25.00 a week the capacity of both teacher and pro- Department of Business Pr.\ctice,
stenographer, is not in the difference prietor, never splitting his practice by Associate Editor, W. F. Cad-
of their shorthand, but in the differ- iipon the rock of "patent methods," well, G. E. King, and R. O. Cook.
ence of their English as expressed but one who never allowed 'his zeal
and transcribed on paper. or enthusiasm to deflect permanently Report of K.\ns.\s Speci.\l Te.^ch-
Good writing will get the job, but his course from the pathway of wis- ERS' Feder.^tion.
brains and faithfulness enable skill dom and common sense. Wh.\t an Am.\nuensis Should be
to hold it. Time, the Great Destoyer, has Able to do Upon Entering .\
Give not, therefore, all of your smote the frail instrument, the tem- Business Office, by Chas. H. Mc-
thought and energy to getting a'job, poral abode of our dear friend, and Guire, Salina, Kans.
but give yourselves to preparation the strings are silent. To none does
for holding it. The filling of the that silence appeal more deeply than Business and Living, Francis H.
place is, after all, the mark of real to the writer, who was his neighbor Pea\'y.
worth. and his friend. Many are the hun- Commercial Education in Pitts-
Remember, therefore, good writing dreds, however, who knew Mr. Odell burg ANB St. Louis.
will get you employment when your and loved him. To these the tendrils
experience is too immature to enable of love and affection stretch forth Inspiration.
other qualities to exhibit themselves. from his grave at Rochester, con- Catalogs and Circulars.
To the young, therefore, it is of stantly reminding them of those
greatest worth, and should be eagerly parting words of another: "Fare- News Notes and Notices.
sought as a surety against idleness well, and do not quite forget me Typewriter and Shorthand Field
in the beginning of actual business after I am dead." Notes.
life, as well as an easy, graceful, at- Suddenlv stricken with apoplexy
tractive mode of expression. while still pursuing the career to School and Professional.
 f^^^ud/n^A^^Uu^i/fT ^
Observation Crips houses, averages his accounts just as
we are taught to do it in our commer-
nbstraet Theory is one thing prac- ;
cial arithmetics and it needs only
;

to be stated to be admitted that a

and another.
tice, Truth, in Associate=Editor's large percentage of our text-book and
Concrete print, is not nearly so im-
pressive as truth in ex- business practice teaching is not
perience. To tell a boy that a rod much nearer actual practice. A bill
contains five and one-half yards may of particulars may well be deferred
create a definite conception, but to for another article. Space and time
have him actually measure a rod will I-;ut, \"0u ask, wliat has forbid it here.
almost certainly do so. The abstract Practicing all this to do with the Since we have had high
is ever debtor to the concrete for ser- and work of a commercial
Hn school teaching to do we
vices rendered in fixing principles. Preaching teacher? He has little
Example have taken our commer-
We all listen more attentively to the time and often less taste cial classes each year to
minister's stories than to his dry for either history or literature, and visit places of interest in and about
theological dogmas. " From the it is not an essential part of his daily
Boston. We have gone to large busi-
known to the unknown " is glibly re- work. True enough, but how about ness houses, such as the home of
cited as a golden pedagogical axiom, your law class ? Did you ever bring The Youth's Companion; to the
but, having recited it, many teachers before them actual contracts, articles docks of trans-atlantic liners — the
cheerfull)' forget all about it in of agreement or of incorporation, or Dominion Line and the Cunard Line
practice. examples of business paper ? Not — where, by previous arrangement,
The birthplace of Whittier the so-called business practice paper, we have been permitted to go aboard
l>istory less than an hour from
is but "the real thing"? Why not? and inspect these vessels to places ;

and Boston, but literallv tens We remember to this day the im- of historic and literary interest,
Citerature of thousands of pupils in pression made on our mind when our Bunker Hill, Faneuil Hall, Boston
and about the so-called teacher of commercial arithmetic, Public Library, Mt. Auburn Ceme-
Occidental Athens study " Snow- O. P. Kinsey, of Valparaiso, Ind., tary; to the homes of the great liter-
bound " and rack their weary un- brought an actual United States ary masters who lived in and about
trained brains in an effort to picture Coupon Bond to the class. Boston; to the State Prison,, the
the scene just as it was, without hav- Did you ever take your law class Legislature, etc.
ing seen it. Wouldn't a trip there where the laws are inade ? To the This year our ambition to
add reality, concreteness, and intens- town meeting, the Council chamber, H Crip go a step farther was re-
ified interest enough to be worth the State and National capital ? Have to alized by our being al-
while ? Wouldn't the name of Whit- you, with them, observed the inter- new Vork lowed to' take our senior
tier, and " Telling the Bees," and pretation of the law, in the police or class on an excursion to
" The Garden Room " (for, of course, justice's court, the district or super- New York city, over the Boston &
the Amesbury home would be visited) ior court, and higher tribunals ? Did .\lbany Railway, by way of W'orces-
and "The Captain's Well," and a it ever occur to you to take your law ter, Springfield, and the beautiful
score of other things be impressed pupils to the police station, the Berkshire Hills, to Albany thence
with ten-fold power ? Why not let county jail, the penitentiary, where by day steamer down the Hudson
;

—
the concrete lend a hand ? Why one form of the interpretation of law it's banks blazing with the royal
should not a class go to beautiful is put into effect ? Did you ever even splendor of an eastern autumn — to
Mount Auburn to see the graves of go yourself (voluntarily, of course) the Western metropolis, where, after
Longfellow, and Lowell and Holmes ? to these places ? a night and a day, every hour of
What added pathos is in " The First We recall the remark of the chair- which was a chapter of Alice in
Snowfall," when, standing by the man of a certain school committee, Wonderland, to these youthful tour-
plain, low slate tombstone at the who, in speaking of the kind of com- ists, we took one of the famous Fall
head of Lowell's grave, one sees what mercial teacher they wanted, said: River Line steamers, and returned to
was in the poet's mind when he " Of course we can't expect a man to Fall River, thence bj' rail to Boston
wrote : know everything, but we do want a and home— a three-day trip that to
I thought of a mound in sweet Auburn , man who, "if he doesn't know busi- every student member of the party
Where a little headstone stood ness, has at least sense enough to go was worth more in all-round develop-
How the flakes were folding it gently. out and learn it." ment and mind-awakening than a
As did robins the babes in tlie wood. We know that many whole }'ear of ordinary school life.
And how much more tenaciously the nritbmetic teachers go on, year Space forbids details here but in an
beautiful poem clings to our memory, and after year, teaching early number, if teachers manifest
if we see the little mound, and then, Bookkeeping processes in arithmetic any interest in the subject, we shall
as we return, look with loving inter- and bookkeeping that tell how we made arrangements for a
est at the great square house amid have no more relation to actual work- special Gar, for hotel accommodations,
its sheltering elms. ing conditions than our grandfather's steamer staterooms, the automobile
Why should not classes in litera- parsing bore to the mastery of an tripabout New York, the visit to the
ture, near enough to do so, be given easy style of composition. Why Stock Exchange, etc. the cost, the ;

the privilege that their teachers — should not these teachers go out school room results, the effect on the
when they are not too indolent —en- among the business houses of the community, etc._
joy, of taking a trip to the homes of city and find out how it is actually The leading trunk lines are placing
Hawthorne, Emerson, Alcott, Irving, done ? Let them then supplement special facilities at our disposal,
Steadman, Whitman, etc. ? Why their book teaching — their teaching through their Boston agents, for
should not history classes visit the of principles — by citation of methods making suggestions to teachers in
homes and the burial places of great in practice right at home. It adds to
different parts of the country, for
men and the scenes of their mighty the confidence of students in their
similar excursions though, of course,
deeds ? Would it not be worth while ? teacher, and it wins the esteem of ;

Not a pilgrimage a thousand miles hard-headed business men in the to the live, enterprising teacher, no
away, but more intimate knowledge community. Not one business man more than the suggestion here given
of places near by. in twenty-five, in large business is needed. Let us hear from you.
 f^^^ud^neU^4iu^iiffr ^
AOTE-The e.xtension of this idea into the
grouping of towns of similar industries to-
gether as te.xtile towns, boot and shoe towns
etc. ma state, and the massing of manufac-
turing in great areas, and the wheat and corn
DEPARTTIENT OF belts, the grazing lands etc. in the country
should be shown and contrasted.

dommercial (Bcograpt^y As these

THE X.\TION
centres or areas of trade
Frank O. Carpenter. and production grow in importance,
they come into commercial relations
Tht aUlor of this Department may be addressed directly at tite with foreign lands where similar
English High School. Boston. lUa.'is.. but communications requiring a
reply must in all cases eticlose return postage to insure attention. staples are make. When the domes-
tic demand for goods is satisfied, the
surplus is sold abroad and the United
States competes with other producing
nations for the trade and markets of
i\OTE— The subject of foods and textiles store where all sorts of goods are kept the world. Tariffs, duties, customs
already discussed iu this magazine should
be studied in the schools until tlie last of for sale. This becomes the perma- etc. are incidental aids or restric-
January. In Fehruarvt lie subject s of Build- nent centre of interest for all. The tions to prosperous commerce and
insrs, Fuels and Lights should be begun. It store keeper is appointed postmaster, trade. So this world trade is a direct
is the Editor's intention to devote the Feb-
ruary and March instalments to those sub- receives the mail, and thus the pio- growth from the simple barter ex-
jects. The geographical side of the work neer communitv comes into actual change of the early settler or pioneer.
should be carried on at the same time, begin- touch with the government. The weekly market dav becomes
ning with the pupils' own town or citv, then
the state, tlie U. S. and the world, studying The regular market dav trade con- bi-weekly and then daily as the pop-
the areas of production and trade, trade
routes etc. Maps should be made in each
tinues and deals onlv in perishable ulation increases —
and in Europe and
goods, mostly foods. 'The store keep- to some extent in United States
case on outline maps and theses written on
various food and texti'e topics as previously er does not compete in this trade but people go daily to the markets for
explained. An interesting topic which does keep a small stock of eggs, veg- supplies. Most of the goods are sold
should precede the study of actual trade is etables etc. to supply customers who at the markets in the United States
the subject of
need them between market days. As early in the morning, in summer
M.\RKETS .\XD F.\IRS. trade increases the market men be- about sunrise (i. e. the wholesale
In primitive communities, such as come more numerous, they choose trading).
those founded by the pioneers in particular places which are reserved NATIONAL F.\1RS
this country, every farmer is obliged for them and a line or circle of At harvest times the market days
to do everything 'for himself,— raise wagons is drawn up, and buvers go offer greater abundance of goods.
and spin and weave the wool, grow, from one to another bargain'ing for People come from longer distances
thresh and grind the .grain, cut and supplies. Next a roof covering is put to the markets in the large towns.
saw the lumber etc. all of which he up to protect the goods from Vain or Specially fine cattle, fruit, vegetables
does alone or with the help of his sun. This is first a tent, then is made are brought to be shown and ad-
family. .Social life does not exist at of permanent materials. Next the mired and praised if not for sale.
all. The families are solitary. wagons are banished from this Friendly rivalry causes competition.
Soon, however, men find that cer- shelter, the dealers are assigned a To stimulate contests prizes are of-
tain services can be done by one man certain space or stall and the U'pe is
developed from which the m'odern
fered - special exhibitions are held —
for the whole communitv, better than and the county fair or United States
by each for himself. The two most market building has evolved. "cattle show" becomes an annual
important industries are the grinding THE TOWN' event, and the fair grounds and
the grain and sawing the lumber. As this trade develops various men buildings permanent additions to the
The sawmill would not be common are needed in different lines of work city or town. In some parts of the
except where forests are heavy but about the store or markets. These world these local fairs become nation-
the grist mill is universal in need and - live in houses near the market place. al in interest and importance as at
use. The mill would be located at A blacksmith and carriage shop finds Leipsic, Germany, IMecca Arabia, and
some convenient place beside a work enough to exist, then a cobbler's the world famous fair of Nijni Nov-
stream which could give the power and harness shop, and a village is gorod in Russia. At this fair held
needed to turn the mill wheel or on formed. The social life grows and once a year, on a great plain, a hun-
some hill where windmills are used. the church and school are built near dred thousand people gather for a
To this mill the settlers go with their the village center. As the village week or two from all over Europe
grain and while waiting' for it to be increases the single store is not and Asia and buvers from the rest of
ground talk with each other and enough but is first duplicated and —
the world —
Turk'— Persian Chinese
THE VILLAGE then separate shoe and clothing stores — European — Arab — American — join
miller, and a /oca/ centre of socio/ in- from it, and the village be-
split ofT in a great world market— an annual
terest is begun to which the settlers comes a town. Town officials are Babel. Everything of great value in
go to learn and give news. Next the chosen, and politics enter village life the world, e'asilv portable, can be
men who have fruit. or vegetables or and thought. The general store and seen and bought at this fair —
80 mil-
animals to sell take them "down to post office is the political storm centre lion dollars change hands here in a
the mill" and there exchange them at first and men and measures receive single fortnight.
with their neighbors. This grows to there the freest criticism and dis- world's fairs
be a custom, and some convenient cussion.
level plot in front of or near the mill THE CITV The national fair soon suggests
is selected for this bargaining, and a
the international and the world
As the town grows into a city man- unites at the Paris exposition, the
martiet or a mar/wt p/ace is estab- ufacturing industries are attracted to
lished. Next a special day of the Centennial at Philadelphia, at Chi-
it, the large amount of products make
week is agreed on and mar/:et dav cago, BulTalo, St. Louis in a display
the freight desirable and railroad of all that human skill has been
comes into favor. To this all people lines are built to it, and street rail-
go, who have things to buv or sell. able to construct and invent and
ways, water, gas, sewers and the produce. National anniversaries are
The farmers and their families look other benefits of modern life are in-
upon this weekly market as the only chosen for these events but they are
stalled. Gradually for convenience, only outgrowths of the spirit of 'com-
bit of social interest and relaxation trades and busin'esses of the same mei-ce and trade. As the local fairs
in their lives. Then the miller, stim- kind cluster together and we find become popular amusements of all
ulated by the presence of the people trade areas of the citv in different
on this regular market dav, buys a kinds take place at them as relaxa-
sections as, food and provision deal- tion from the more serious duties of
few staple articles of common use as ers, leather trade, dealers in wool and
sugar, calico, nails etc. and gradually trade. So athletic contests become
cotton, retail drvgoods and clothing recognized features of these meetings.
this trade, first carried on in the end furniture stores, lumber and wood-
of the mill, expands into the countrv The horse race is as much a necessity
working shops, coal and wood yards. for the New England fair as the ex-
 ^^^^ud/n^U^^/iu^tjar* ^
hibits of prize cattle or vegetables.
Sometimes a particular form of
amusement becomes perpetual like
the circuses which wander about the
country. These amusements grow in
variety and number with the size of DEPARTMENT OF

f
the fairs and reach their height in the
Midway at Chicago or the Pike at the
St. Louis fair where millions of dol- Business dorresponbcnce.
lars are won from the visitors and
where it costs more to see the amuse- CAKL LEWIS ALTMAIER.
ments than to see the fair exhibits.
These gre^t world fairs last for half Drexel Institute, Philadelphia.
a year and then the exhibits are
carried homeward, stopping perhaps
at some smaller fairs like Atlanta,
New Orleans or the Lewis and Clark
fair of 1905.
f.

As a part of a course in Commer- operations are solely for the progress

M
cial Correspondence the student and happiness of mankind, and the
COMlIERCI.\L MUSEUMS should be required to make an intel- business and sympathies of every
Many of the exhibits of great value ligent and detailed studv of the post man, woman, and child are linked to
from far off lands are presented to office, its orsranization, and especially Its operations. Wherever civilization
the government of the state or city of all the facilities it offers to the goes, her hand-maid, the post, goes,
and become a permanent museuri: public. The carelessness and stu- opening the vent of hearing and mak-
like the Field Museum at Chicago or pidity of a large portion of the Amer- ing the air more vibrant than Rumor
the great Commercial Museum at ican public in using the post office is full of tongues.
Philadelphia. If such has been the responsible for delays, disappoint-
ments, misunderstand'ings, mortifica- " From Greenland's icy mountains.
past and is the present status of the From India's coral strand"
marketer fair or exposition, what re- tion, and exasperation which might
mains for the future? Shall we have easily be avoided bv the exercise of come messages commercial and hu-
only imitations of the late fairs and a little more care and intelligence in manitarian. The post office with its
attempts to surpass them in splendor the writing and sending- of a letter. billions of letters is an epitomized
or size or beautv, which is not likely For example, a magazine latelv ad- world. The mail bag, says a writer,
to be the fact ? The editor believes vertised for photographs of babies ISan epitome of human life. All the
there is another phase of develop- for a prize contest. Twenty-five per- elements which go to form the hap-
ment more valuable still to mankind. cent, of the packages sent had insuf- piness or misery of individuals — the
This is the permanent exhibition last- ficient postage, and an average of a raw material, so to speak, of human
ing all the year. The great museums good twenty-five per cent, ignored hopes and fears — here exist in
with their cases filled with weapons one or another of the few simple con- chaotic state.
ditions which, were prerequisite to
These elements are
and clothing and curios 'of olden imprisoned, like the winds in the
times are of value beyond estimate entering: the contest, and were con- fabled cave of yEolus, biding their
but the museums of commerce are sequently debarred. The scope of time to go forth and fulfifl their
more valuable still. But the display the postal service of the United office,whether it be to refresh and
of the left over exhibits from the great States terminates onlv with its terri- invigorate the drooping flower or to
fairs are but (/«?(/ exhibits — like the torial boundarv and that of its Island bring destruction upon the proud and
dead shells tossed up at high water possessions, and with such restric- stately forest king.
mark showing how tions as Congress has seen fit to In closing this series of articles a
far up the wave create, and its rivals as carriers, have
has gone, but are no longer in life i. e. word should be said about the obli-
in motion. So the future of these found to its interest to maintain. It gations and courtesy of writing a
great expositions must be a living ex- provides means for securitv and cer- letter. The writing of a letter is
_

hibit, changing with the times, re- tainty in the convevance of valuable sometimes an obligation and some-
newed from year to year but alive and papers, legal and otherwise, and times a courtesy. When the sender
up to date always. There must be articles of monetary worth, by the and the receiver are both directly
then permanent expositions in place registry system ;of monev, both bv interested, to write a letter is an
of the transitory ones and these will postal order and registered letter, obligation when the information to
;

undoubtedly come in the near future. and of speedy delivery in all offices, be conveyed is of interest to only
First in the great commercial centres whether free delivery exists in the one of the parties, to write a letter is
like Boston, New York, Chicago, San office or not, and at hours before and a courtesy. The first principle of
Francisco, there will arise exhibits of after carriers usually make deliveries. courtesyis that the courteous person
It is not a detective agency, nor a
the commercial products in ordinary iswilling to make some sacrifice in
trade, the latest machinery will be general intelligence office, although favor of the person whom he desires
shown there, new devices for trans- post-masters are written to on all to honor; the opposite principle is to
portation, heating, lighting etc. will sorts of subiects, and often bv people regard our own convenience as para-
be displayed. As fashions change who want fiftv dollars' worth of infor- mount to every other consideration.
the old exhibits will be removed or mation for two cents, and frequently The most essential element of court-
sent to the museums as landmarks of expect the post-master to pav the esy in letter writing is promptitude
the past. postage in reply, as he is supfjosed in making replies. He is a verv
The old market with its individual to receive his stamps gratis. It does careless business man, indeed, who
stalls will be repeated in great exhi- not carry matter of an immoral char- does not answer letters promptly.
bition halls, where tradesmen and acter knowingly nor articles liable to It is therefore exceptional for the
manufacturers, and producers each injure its servants, or damage the business man to be chargeable with
with his separate space, shall all the mail. It assumes no responsibility neglect in answering letters.
for loss or damage, excepting in the
This
3'ear show his latest -and best produc- is probably because he has more or
tions and attempt to win public favor. case of registered packages, and in less selfish interests to subserve. It
The advertising value of such per- such cases to an amount not exceed- is in our social correspondence that
manent exhibits would be verv great ing $25 in value. It is not conducted this fault and inconsiderateness most
and no firm of importance would dare for money-making purposes but for frequently occurs. Sometimes there
or wish to be absent from the exhibi- the benefit of the public, and its use- is a good excuse for it, but frequently
tion. The quality of fulness and the extent thereof can be the answering of a letter is post-
goods would increased onlv bv the public senti-
improve for they would have, to bear poned through a pure spirit of pro-
the close test and comparison of other ment which demands it, and which crastination. All the information
goods of the kind. The Philadelphia creates legislation.
The post office : necessary for the answer may be in
museum has the germ of this idea and Dry and dull though its name ap- hand, yet the writing of the letter is
is working it out bravely but it fails pears, possesses an interest of
it deferred, and when it is finally writ-
which few people are aware. While ten half of the letter is filled with
(Contenued on page 24 ). It is a gigantic business machine, its
explanation and apologies which we
 f^^3Bu^ieiy(adfu^ii^ ^
only half believe ourselves, but which
we expect our friends to accept in all
sincerity. We all recognize the ad-
vantages of carrying on business by
correspondence. Do we, however,
fully appreciate its possibilities in
Department of
extending social courtesies and pleas-
ures ? We all like to receive letters, Sypemriting Ho, 2.
and I have no doubt many of us
often watch for the letter carrier Miss STELLA M. SMITH, Simmons College, Boston.
with as much apprehension and Copyright 1904, by SteU.^ SI. Smith, Boston. Mass.

anxiety as Noah did for the dove.

Are we, however, always as thought-
ful as we should be in giving our
friends that pleasure and satisfaction Che mriting of Cctters - Ulbat struction. My reason for this is that
which we ourselves crave? Every nothing should be introduced which
Should be Jlccotnplished will in the least hamper the students
child should have his writing desk
in the Practice. in their efforts to write by touch. As
and should be encouraged to write
letters. It will not only be of the
far as possible, the mind must be in-
Upto this point our students are as tent on the one thing — writing by
utmost value educationally, but will
the films in a camera the impressions touch; now, if, with each new letter, the
cultivate thoughtfulness, consider- ;

form h& changed, the writer cannot

they receive are clear or not, depend-
ation, judgment, and sympathy. It ing' upon the quality of the film and maintain the necessary concentration.
has often been the vain wish of man the experience of the photographer. The mind demands some change in
to be in several places at one time. A photograph, however, cannot be order to continue in intelligent prac-
The post has brought about a reali- produced until after the impression tice, but this demand may be met by
zation of the consoling object of that on the film is fixed. I use the letter- the new matter contained in each
wish. The post, too, has deprived practice as a " fixer." letter.
separations of half their anguish. To prepare for this "fixer" (of Not so much should the student
course, after all the work outlined in think of getting a letter written, as
After all the goodbyes of parting
friends are said, we hear the final
my preceding papers has been fin- of finding here an opportunity for the
ished) I spend perhaps an hour in application of all the instruction
request "write." The last words explaining the various methods of
which fall from the quivering lips of which has gone before here must he ;

using the punctuation marks, giving test his knowledge and the value of
the mother, as she bids God-speed to and exercises
for prac-
illustrations, his former practice. But, he must be
the son who launches into the un- tice—such as date lines, lines of
are "Don't forget to
constantly made to feel that the letter-
known sea,
poetry, sentences containing figures, writing is' simply the link which joins
write." These admonishing words Before the writing of each exer-
etc. the keyboard practice to the advanced
should always ring in our ears, and cise is begun, I try to impress upon
we should never find it necessary to work. Great care should be taken to
the'student its purpose; for instance, prevent the acquirement of speed at
apologize to ourselves or our friends if the exercise is to illustrate the this juncture; if the student be kept
for our neglect, nor to excuse our spacing after commas, the student is too long on letter practice he will
indifference by lack of time.
enjoined to practice carefully in ac- learn to write speedily, and when
cordance with the rule given as to once speedy writing is begun, further
Ulrite Cbein a Cetter Coniabt the use of the thumbs and the num- instruction as to operation is made
ber of spaces. I then ask the student impossible; much that has been
Don't go to the theatre, lecture, or ball, to write the exercise until, by indi-
But stay in your room tonight taught will be disregarded, and bad
vidual examination of his operation, habits formed, and, on account of
Deny yourself to the friends that call,
And a good long letter write — I am convinced that my theory has these, the greatest speed of which
Write to the sad old folks at home, been put into practice; then, and not the operator might, with proper train-
Who sit when the day is done, until then, I changfe the exercise. I ing, be capable, is jeopardized.
With folded hands and downcast ej'es. do not think it wise to require the
In all the work preceding the letter-
And think of the absent one — students to write these exercises a
Write them a letter tonight. writing, the student has been taug^ht
specified n inn her of times. Such a
hoiv to write by touch, a beginning
Don't selfishly scribble: "Fxcuseniy haste, method is apt to result in much lifting has been made in the development of
I've scarcely time to write," of the carriage in order to keep track
the muscles of the weaker fingers, he
Lest their brooding thoughts go wandering of the lines written, and so distracts
has learned how to control each finger
back the mind of the writer as \o utterly
To many a by-gone night, and direct it by thought, and he feels
set aside those things which the prac-
When they lost their needed sleep and rest, perfectly at home with the machine.
tice is meant to emphasize in the end The most careful instruction and
And every breath was a prayer, little will have been gained, and the
;

That God would leave their delicate babe painstaking preparation may here be
To their tender love and care — time-wasting habit of unnecessarily brought to naught by permitting the
Write them a letter tonight. lifting the carriage will have become
student to attach" too much import-
forever fixed. Of course, correct
ance to the product rather than to the
Don't let them feel that you've no uiore hand-position and fingering should
need
at all times be kept before the stud-
manner of producing.
Of their love and counsel wise; The operator should write correctly
ents as the all-important things to be
For the heart grows strangely sensitive and slowly before he writes speedily,"
When age has dimmed the eyes. accomplished.
It might be well to let them believe When letter-writing is begun, the and so I use the letters for a " fixer
You never forgot them quite — operator should be perfectly familiar of correct habits of operation. It
That you deemed it a pleasure when far with the use of the scales and mar- takes time and mhch practice to form
away. ginal stops,— in fact, all the principles all the time-saving and energy-saving
Long letters home to write. Then — of the operation of a typewriter should habits, and, in order to keep down
Write them a letter tonight.
have been mastered, and the student the speed until the student has prac-
Don't think that the young and giddy should write absolutely by touch. ticed sufficiently to acquire these and
friends That he may not be prejudiced in also to have equally developed the
Who make pastimes gay
\'our favor of any one form, examples of strength of all the fingers, I pass on,
Have half the anxious thoughts for you various forms should be shown him, after the "fixing" process, to more
That the old folks have to-daj'. and it should be made clear that form difficult matter.
For the sad old folks at home.
With locks fast turning white, is purely a matter of individual taste ; To sum up: The object to be ac-
Are longing to hear of the absent one — however, one form on/y should be complished in the letter-practice in a
Oh, write them a letter tonight. selected for use in the letter-practice typewriting course is a/)Soli<te confi-
—Anonymous. at this stage of the typewriting in- dence in writing b)' touch.
 f^^f3Bud/ned^/^(Au^UiT* ^
10% .10 10/100 1/10
14 2/7% .14 2/7 14 5/100 1/7
20% .20 20/100 1/5
25% .25 25/100 1/4
50% .50 50/100 1/2
Department of 75%
90%
.75
.90
75/100
90/100
3/4
9/10
1.00 100/100
dritl^metic 100",,
300% 3.00 300/100
I.
3.
500",j 5.00 500/100 5.
E. E. KENT, Commercial Dept., High School, 1000",i 10.00 1000/100 10.

SPRINGFIELD, MASS. The class should be drilled also on

the aliquot parts, until they know
them instantly and can handle them
rapidly. This drill may be varied by
calling for concert work, then throw-
lack of labels, signs, and e.xplana- ing out questions and calling on in-
method of Ccacbing Jlritbmctic
tions. The only explanation usually dividuals..
By the Use of Tntelliaent found is the abbreviation, "Ans." Plenty of force and enthusiasm can
Jlnalytical Solutions. written in a large bold hand close to be put into all of the drill work by
the amount that happened to agree keeping up a rapid fire of questions.
with the proper result. Let the students feel from the begin-
It is with some hesitation that I It is the duty of every teacher to ning that you have mastered the sub-
present this method of teaching com- use methods that will exercise the ject.
mercial arithmetic, for I_ am fully greatest thought power, not those At the outset it must be made plain
aware that in the majority of the that will exercise the least. to the student by the use of concrete
private commercial schools this plan illustrations that any quantity may
This method is based on unit
IS given no consideration. While it analysis, and if the student thor- be the base of comparison. The base
is not altogether new, it is hoped oughly masters the unitary method is always represented by 100 hun-
that its developing qualities will
in the solving of problems in frac-
dredths. These concrete illustra-
commend themselves to all teachers tions and denominate numbers, little tions may be made by using chalk or
who wish to train students to think. time will be consumed in presenting paper. If a sheet of paper is used
I do not believe that the entire time the different solutions for percentage hold it before the class and ask the
of each recitation should be given to work. The beauty and power of this following questions:
this plan. About one-third of each system stands out prominently in the How many fourths of the sheets
period should be devoted to drilling solving of complex percentage the sheet ?
the students on oral work similar to problems. How many twentieths of the sheet =
that which will be given later, and to The chief feature in percentage the sheet ?
developing accuracy and speed in the problems in which two quantities are How many hundredths of the sheet
handling of all practical problems. compared, is, that the relation exist- =the sheet ?
Many may condemn the plan as
ing between them is expressed in Tear the sheet into two equal parts.
having no place in the class room of hundredths. One is the base of com- Take one of the halves and separate
a commercial school because it does parison and the other is to be ex- it into two equal parts. Hold up one
not require the student to use at all pressed in hundredths of the base. of the halves and ask how many
times methods handled by business In those problems in which a cer- hundredths of it will equal it. Next,
men. It is true that there is no time tain per cent, of the quantity is to be one of the quarters and ask how
in their offices to solve problems by found, the chief feature is that a many hundredths of it will equal it.
analysis. To them time is money definite fractional part of the quan- Now, substitute per cent, for hun-
and the correct results must be tity is desired. This fractional part dredths and ask questions similar to
obtained bv the shortest processes. is always a certain number of the following:
But before'the student can hope to =
fill any responsible position he must
hundredths. How many % of the sheet the
Percentage, then, may be defined sheet ?
be trained to reason logically and as a system of fractions in which one =
quickly. By this system of analysis
How manv % of 1/2 of the sheet
hundred is always the denominator. 1/2 of the sheet?
the student' is coriipelled to reason =
out the steps and record them in
Thus, expression 5% the per
in the ,
How many % of 1/4 of the sheet
cent, sign stands for the denominator 1/4 of the sheet?
logical order.
If this plan is given a thorough
and the five for the numerator of the How many "h of 1/8 of the sheet =
fraction. 1/8 of the sheet?
trial it will be found to produce
Since the per cent, stands for the By using the same pieces of paper
results superior to blind rule work or
the method of allowing the student to
denominator one hundred, and since the following questions may be asked:
follow his own plan in the solving
one hundred is a power of ten, any
per cent, may be expressed as a dec-
1/2 of the sheet of paper is what %
of the sheet?
and recording of problems. common fraction.
The student's mind naturally runs
imal or as a
Any member of the class should be
1/4 of the sheet of paper is what %
of the sheet ?
in the channel of the least resistance able to write correctly any per cent, 1/8 of the sheet of paper is what %
and he soon acquires the habit of in the form of a decimal or a fraction. of the sheet ?
guessing at the operations involved
in the solving of problems. Upon If a large number in the class have 1/4 of the sheet of paper is what %
studied percentage, give them the of 1/2 of the sheet?
securing a result it is compared with
the answer. If incorrect, a different
following per cents to write: 1/8 of the sheet of paper is what %
1/2%, 25%, 275"o and 1000%'. Upon ex- of 1/4 of the sheet?
operation is performed with, perhaps,
no better success. Again and again
amining the work they have placed 1/2 of the sheet of paper is what %
on paper you will be surprised at the of 1/4 of the sheet?
he tries to " fetch it " by guessing at mistakes made by those who profess
the operations. After vou have drilled the class
to have a fair knowledge of the sub- thoroughly on various concrete il-
Many commercial teachers to-day ject. Now drill them on the following
are allowing the student to use this lustrations, use a variety of oral
work by dictating the first column problems similar to the following
abominable 'fetch it" plan, and to and having the students write each
record the work in any form the groups
per cent, in four ways :
what % of 400?
student may choose. Part of the (a) 200 is
work may be in books and part on 1% .01 1/100 1/100 100 is what ",, of 400 ?
pieces of paper. If this work is taken 2 1/2% .02 1/2 2 'i/lOO 1/40 300 is what % of 400?
up for examination it is a difficult 3 1/3% .03 1/3 3 '
-, /lOO 1/30 400 is what "„ of 400 ?

matter to find the first operation and B2/3% .06 2/3 6 ^/lOO 1/l.S 400 is what % of 300 ?

to follow the different steps involved 8 1/3% .08 1/3 8 ; 3/100 1/12 400 is what % of 200 ?

because of irrelevant matter and a 9 1/11% .09 1/11 9 A/ 100 1/11 (Cojitinued on page 24)
 f^^i3Bgiii/nedd^^iUu^i/fr ^
negligently but in bad faith and
could not protect himself as a bona
fide purchaser against the plaintiff's
superior right. To be a bona fide
DEPARTMENT OF holder one must take paper without
motive, either actual or constructive,

Commercial Cam Ho. 2.

of any fraud, defect of title, or ille-
gality of consideration in the trans-
ferrer's hands.
W. H. WHIGAM, Chicago In the 42 S. W. Rep. 1055, a certain
Crane Manual Training Higli School. note which was one of a series of five
and so mentioned on the face of the
Copyright 1904 by W. H. Whigam, Chicago, III.
note, was transferred before maturity
to one who knew that one of the
notes of the series was past due and
unpaid. It was held that the pur-
negotiable Paper business. The term "Usual course chaser of the first mentioned certain
of business" means "according to note took it subject to the offsets and
Conditions of Transfer. the usages and customs of commer- defenses of the maker.
Introduction. cial transactions." A title acquired In Miller v. Race, 1 Burr. 452, a
Transfer in Good Faith. by legal process is not so acquired. bank note was stolen and came to
Transfer in the Usual Course of It issubject to equities existing the hands of the plaintiff, and he was
Business. against the holder from whom the held entitled to it. But the Court of
Transfer for Value. title was taken. K. B. considered bank notes as cash,
Transfer Before ^laturity. Transfer for Value —
This expres- which passed as money in the way of
Introduction —
Negotiable paper, sion means the taking of title for a business and the holder, in that
;

since its inception, has afforded safrr valuable consideration. The term case, came bythe note, for a full and
and ample means for the purpose of " valuable consideration " comes from valuable consideration, by giving
transferring- values between traders. the common law and in the law mer- money exchange for it, in the
in
The endorsement is the usual means chant is subject to the same tests as usual course of his business, and
of showing the desire of the endorser at common law. There is some doubt without notice of the robbery, and on
to transfer title to the endorsee. The as to whether the holder of paper as those considerations he was entitled
law merchant recognizes certain well- collateral security is a holder for to the amount of the note.
defined conditions as precedent to value so as to enable him to defeat In Grant v. Vaughan, 3 Burr. 1516;
the transfer of title to another. If equities existing between the original 1 Black. Rep. 785, a bill of exchange,
these conditions have been complied parties. An eminent jurist lays down payable to bearer, was lost, and the
with, the endorsee is said to have a the doctrine that receiving collateral finder paid it to a grocer, for teas,
complete title. It frequently occurs in payment or as security for a pre- and took the change. The Court laid
that the purchaser has a better title existing debt is receiving it for a stress on the facts, that the holder
than the seller. All conditions affect- valuable consideration. "Thus it came by the bill bona fide, and in the
ing the standing of the instrument may pass, not only as a security for course of trade, and for a full and
when interpreted as between the origi- new purchases and advances made fair consideration, and that though
nal parties, cease when a proper trans- upon the transfer thereof, but also in he and the real owner were equally
fer has been made. Negotiable paper payment of, and as security for, the innocent, yet he was to be preferred,
is " a courier without baggage." The pre-existing debts. In this way the for the sake of commerce and confi-
conditions of the transfer are as fol- creditor is enabled to realize or to dence in negotiable paper.
lows (1) Transfer in good faith; secure his debt, and thus may safely
:
DEFENSES
(2) Transfer in the usual course of give a prolonged credit, or forbear
business ; (3) Transfer for value ; from taking any legal steps to enforce Introduction —
Real, Personal; The
and (4) Transfer before maturity. his rights. The debtor also has the Distinction; Delivery; Incapacity;
Transfer in Good Faith — In order advantage of making his negotiable Void by Statute Alteration Lunacy;
; ;

to transfer a perfect title the utmost securities of values equivalent to Fraud; Duress; Failure of Consider-
good faith must exist between the cash. Otherwise, the discounts, by ation Payment.
;

parties. The purchaser must have banks, of negotiable securities, are Introduction —
An objection to the
no notice, either actual or construct- restricted, and credit and circulation payment of negotiable paper, based
ive, of any irregularity or lack of of negotiable paper hampered." This on certain facts, may be interposed
consideration existing between the is the general view throughout the by the one absolutely bound. The
original parties. If the note was country, with the exception of a few defenses offered may be against the
lacking in consideration between the States. instrument or they may be of a per-
original parties, the purchaser would Tra?isfer Before Sectirity Negotia- sonal character. To fully discuss
take the paper subject to these con- ble paper is presumably payable at the question it will be well to classify
ditions, if he had notice. If the note its maturity, and if not paid then parties as mediate and immediate,
was one of a series, so indicated, a it is open to suspicion. If equities and defense as real and personal.
purchaser of one of the notes not yet are available against the present
_
Mediate parties are those who are
due would not be a purchaser in good ho'der, they will be available against separated by another party or parties
faith if he knew that one of the series any subsequent holder who obtains and immediate as those standing
was due and not paid. Likewise the title after maturity. If, however, a next to each other in their order of
purchaser of a note on which an holder, in good faith intervenes be- liability. A real defense is a defense
interest payment is due and unpaid fore maturity, then a subsequent or objection to the instrument itself,
would not receive full protection. holder, although after maturity, will while a personal defense is one aris-
Such paper is subject to defenses. take the latter's rights. ing out of the transaction and relates
If notice is had subsequent to acquir- Transfer in Good Faith —
In Mer- rather to the acts that caused the
ing not affect the holder's
title, it will chants' National Bank v. Hanson, 33 instrument to be issued than to the
rights. After a transfer has been Minn. 40, the plaintiff sent for col- instrument itself. The following are
made bona tide and title is fully ac- lection to one Luce, its agent, certain real defenses Delivery, incapacity,
:

quired, any defects are cured and a notes endorsed as follows " For
: void by statute, alteration, and, per-
transferee may acquire full title, not- collections, account of Merchants' haps, lunacy. The following are
withstanding he has notice. National Bank, St. Paul." Before personal defenses Fraud, duress,
:

Transfer in the Usual Course of their maturity Luce transferred them failure of consideration and payment.
Business —
The second element of by endorsement to the defendant in The Distinction —
Personal defenses
transfer is that the title must be payment of his own private debt. It are good and available between im-
effected in the usual course of busi- was held that the defendant receiving mediate parties or a line of parties
ness. A purchaser for value is them with the above indorsement with notice. They cease to be valid
usually considered to be one who uncancelled, and without making any as soon as a bona fide party inter-
acquires title in the usual course of incjuiry, acquired them not merely venes. Real defenses are good
 ^^^^io/n^^i^aiu^a;^ ^
against all subsequent parties
whether mediate or immediate. Per-
sonal defenses are against the cre-
ative act, while real defenses are
against the instrument; the former
X)epartment of Justness Practice,
acknowledge the instrument but deny By The Associate Editor.
its standing; the latter deny the verv
existence of the contract.
Delivery — This is one of the essen-
tial elements of all negotiable paper, Olbere the Coss Falls. office in the school assumes the role
and to prove that an instrument never of producer, and if so, whether or not
was issued with the authority or con- In every Business Practice depart- a loss is sustained.
sent of the maker is to defeat the ment, where goods are sold to ficti- The Business Practice work in our
legal effect of the instrument. Paper tious firms by the commission office school is handled somewhat differ-
stolen and put into circulation by the and by students, and where goods ently from the plan used in many
thief does not in any way obligate must be bought by the wholesale schools. Our students order goods
the maker. No subsequent holder house and by students, it is self-evi- from the wholesale houses and firms
has a valid claim against the maker. dent that somewhere in the circle a in the different schools under the
lucapacity — This defense, when considerable loss will fall on some- Brown management. They receive
urged against the enforcement of a body, There are various ways of price-lists from these schools and
negotiable instrument, needs no dis- disposing of this feature of the work. order what they can handle to the
cussion. Parties lacking capacity In our own school, we have no best profit. In disposing of their
are not bound by their contracts. business between the offices and the merchandise they sell in the best
The minor is an example of this class. desk students. All business for our market, either directly or on commis-
Void by Statute — \i the statutes of offices originates through intercom- sion. Like business men of great
a state declare against the legality of munication with other schools. Our experience, they sometimes fall short
commission house sells to fictitious of their expectations and lose on
an instrument, it cannot be enforced
even by a. bona //V/f purchaser. While firms in our Commercial Exchange, certain ventures, but if they are wide
usury according to statute,
is illegal and, to avoid a constant loss here, we awake, they will usually profit. When
it is not necessarily a defense against have the purchases made by the Com- a student is closing out his business,
a purchase in good faith. Notes mercial Exchange sold to a Collec- he sells his merchandise on hand at
given in consideration of wagers or tion Agency, which again represents the best price he can get. Sometimes
gambling are frequently declared imaginary firms. In the Collection this is at private sale and sometimes
Agency (a very arbitrary title, by the at auction, and, of course, he is quite
void by statute.
likely to lose on some of these g'oods
Alteration — If a material change is way) we keep only a check book and
just as would be the case in business,
made in an instrument, the maker is an invoice tickler. The latter con-
sists of an open desk tray wide but he sells because circumstances
released. The instrument is not the are such that he must dispose of his
one signed and issued. Forgery is enough and deep enough to contain
invoices, notes, acceptances, etc., business just as a business man in
a real defense, for it lacks intent and our block is doing toda}'.
consent on the part of the one whose without folding. This tray is pro-
name is forged. vided with month and day guide
0. E. King, eedar Hapids (Towa)
—
Lunacy 'Y\\\^ is not necessarily a cards. Invoices, notes, etc., are
Business College.
real defense. But if the maker is an placed behind guide cards showing
adjudged lunatic, his negotiable in- their date of maturity, and, as they In our business practice and office
struments are void in the hands of fall due, checks are given to pay for training department, our business
all subsequent parties so far as he is them, signed by the student in this transactions are so arranged that the
concerned. office. The bank account of this students in their business practice
Fraud— \i fraud is resorted to in office is kept replenished by the work are wholesale dealers in grain
the transaction out of which a nego- teacher, whose supply of surplus and groceries. As a part of their
tiable instrument is issued, it is a cash comes from the amounts turned capital they are given a cjuantity of
personal defense and good only be- over to him by students in the begin- produce which they afterwards con-
tween immediate parties or those ning classes as they complete their sign from time to time to our com-
having knowledge of it, but if fraud various sets. mission office for sale on account and
is practiced in the issuing of an The Wholesale Office buys from the risk. The major part of their stock
instrument, it is a real defense. Collection Agency. Thus, eventually, of groceries is bought from our
/??^;rw— When a contract is pro- the loss falls on the teacher, and none wholesale office or from other stu-
cured by resorting to force, the deliv- of the offices where books are kept dents in the same set of business
er^'' lacks both intent and consent. needs to show a loss, or, at most, not practice work who make specialties
It is therefore voidable but not void. an excessive nor a continued loss. of certain commodities and sell them
Probably prompt effort should be We append here some interesting at reduced prices to the members of
made by the maker so that- he would comments from other teachers on the the class. Part of this merchandise,
noc be chargeable with negligence. method in use in their schools, for bought of the wholesale office and
Duress as a defense is always avail- disposing of this matter. from the s;:udents, is sold to various
able against immediate parties and, firms represented at our commercial
Ol. T. eadwell. Brown's Business eol- exchange office, and the balance is
at times, will constitute a real defense.
Failure of Consideration — Consid- leae, Hocliford. Til.
sold through branch stores.
eration as a defense is always pre- We look after this matter from the The prices fixed for the students
sumed between immediate parties, teacher's desk and I do not think it are such that they are expected to
but this presumption may be over- concerns the student at all. We must realize a profit on all of the merchan-
come. As in ordinary contracts, realize that there are some things in dise they handle. The commercial
inadequacy is no defense. business which cannot be carried out exchange disposes of the merchan-
Pay»ie>tt—T\\\s, is an extinguish- to the letter in a commercial school. dise bought from the students by
ment of the contract and may always We do not and cannot produce the selling it in job lots to the wholesale
be offered as between immediate commodities which are supposed to office and to the commission office.
parties. If a transfer is made after be handled in our Business Practice The commission office in turn dis-
maturity by the payee, the defense of Department. In business the whole- poses of the goods purchased from
payment is good against the subse- saler, jobber, and manufacturer, as the commercial exchange office by
quent party, because his transferer well as many retail merchants, pur- consigning them to commission firms
has no property in a contract which chase, more or less, directly from the in other schools. Sometimes the
has already been extinguished. If, producer. They pay little attention as commission office realizes a profit on
however, the payment is made before to what it costs the producer, their the goods purchased from the corn-
the maturity of the paper and is only concern being to buy in the mar- mercial exchange and again this
transferred before maturity to an ket which offers them best prices. So office suffers a loss. The prices fixed
innocent purchaser, the defense of it is with our students. It matters little for our wholesale office are such that
payment will not be effective. to them whether the teacher or some this office is expected to ealize a profit
;
24 f^^^Uii^ied^yi^^Au^iiffr^ ^
It therefore naturally follows, in ing different methods which the stu- Admission to these shows will be
the course of the exchanges, that the dent may be required to use. So I free for the presence of the people
wholesale offices, the commission think, with a little care on the part of will bring its own money value to the
office, and the students all realize a the one in charge, the loss or gain exhibitors. Again, nothing is so in-
profit; and the other office, i. e., the may be as large or as small as he may teresting to the people as such
commercial exchange, must suffer wish to have the books show. exhibits and they would spend their
a loss. This loss is frequently made Our Commercial Exchange is used holiday time visiting them as they
good by the manager of our business to dispose of all papers to fictitious now do the museums. This economic
practice department by his purchas- persons or firms and only a cash book interest would work improvement on
ing from the commercial exchange is used in connection with this office. other lines to the lasting benefit of
office, job lots of merchandise at No record is made of purchases or people, state and nation.
such prices as will enable this office sales so that the amount of losses is The old days are gone, our nation
to realize a nice profit. not shown. and the world face new ideals the —
In our banking department, we con- The Wholesale House is for work captains of war are going out, the
duct a general banking business with connected with our own school busi- captains of industry are coming in.
all of the offices and students. The ness practice and all purchases are The world is already so busy with
profits in this office are realized from made from it. This Wholesale House work it is becoming impatient with
the discounts on loans; income on fixed buys as much merchandise as its the waste of money and time in war
investments, jcollections and exchange. needs require from the Commercial and the Hague tribunal is an eco-
Our real estate and insurance office Exchange. So the gain or loss of nomic necessity of the future. Men
usually shows a satisfactory profit this office is adjusted by purchase will soon be too busy to fight each
excepting in the dull seasons of the and sale as in any business. other except in trade. The Victoria
year when the salaries, office rent, I think it will readily be seen that Cross is the symbol of bravery in war.
and sundry expenses exceed the the actual loss of the offices must be The Medal of Commerce will be the
commissions on real estate sales, borne by the Commercial Exchange, highest decoration in the future. To
renting of property, and insurance or any office which represents ficti- aid in bringing such a condition to
policies issued. tious firms, as such an office is almost pass is the duty, the privilege and the
The transportation allowed
office is indispensalsle in school work where opportunity of the teacher of Com-
one-half of the freight charges on both there are various business practices, merce and Industry, and then if not
incoming and outgoing shipments and consequently a large number of before will he win the public confi-
hence, if those exceed the office ex- routine transactions. dence and respect his work deserves.
penses, the office will show a profit. The Editor has described this line
of study of markets and fairs for
H. O. eo«k, Koebester. in. V.) BusU eommereial Beoarapby Continued from
several reasons. First. The topic is
iiess Institute. Page l<». itself of great interest and importance
We
use the following offices, be- in the central point, viz: the exhibit- bristling with questions of why and
sides the bank, in our Office Practice ors themselves must keep up the how. Second. It is the line of evo-
Department: Freight, Jobbing, Com- exhibit and bear the cost and labor of lution of industry that can be and
mission, Wholesale House and the it— leaving only to the management should be taught in many subjects —
Commercial Exchange. The first of the exhibition the duties of care as, the rise of the steel industry the —
three are used exclusively for the in- and oversight. When any goods or massing of agricultural effort, in
tercommunication work with schools machine grew unsalable it would be great farms and ranches the change —
in other cities. The other two are replaced by the new and so the exhibit of a community from an agricultural
for our own Business Practice in would be always the latest. Gradu- to a manufacturing one etc.
which no merchandise cards are used. ally the great wholesale houses would Lastly, because the study of what
Such cards are used only in the prac- find it paid to have a branch office men have done is the best guide to
tice with other schools. and clerk at the fair. For the same what they will do and how thev will
The Freight Office will be more reason that trade now seeks common do it.

than self-sustaining if there is a uni- areas for saving of time so it would worthy of note also that all the
It is
form rate of charge between the be convenient to have samples under stages of development described in
schools and they work on the princi- one roof and if the use and conveni- the first of this article from pioneer
ple that each one owns one-half of the ence was once shown it would be de- to politician, and from village to city
road, as each will then be interested manded by all. are now taking place in the United
in the results from freight received States and the editor has personally
STATE MUSEUMS seen almost every process in actual
and forwarded.
The Jobbing Office will show a gain Next after the permanent exhibits existence in different parts of the
or loss as any business would that at trade centres, would come perma- country, aud therefore because the
depends largely upon the shrewdness nent state exhibits where the in- conditions are real, present, active,
of the buyer and the placing of goods dustries of the state, its resources, such studies are worth attention.
on the market advantageously. For etc., would be shown. State after The Editor wishes his readers a
instance, we examine the price-lists state would join the procession Happy New Year, with a constant im-
of the different schools which are in earnest rivalry. Handsome build- provement in mind, body, and estate
received each month, to determine ings at the state capital or leading till "cast in a diviner mould, may
where the best prices and discounts citv would contain specimens of all the new cycle (1905) shame the old."
can be obtained on the merchandise the productions of the state from
we desire to order. The prices vary farm, mine, forest or factory —
so that nritbmetie-eontinued from Page 21.
in different localities and a purchase the exhibit would not only be a record
made in this way and disposed of at of the state's commercial importance,
(A) 4 is what of 3? %
3 is what »„' of 4 ?
current market prices will produce a but a thing of interest and pride to
percentage of profit that must inevit- even the humblest citizen.
2 1/2 is what of % 5?
ably yield a fair net gain. The feature Not only will these exhibitions be of
5 is what %
of 2 ?
of buying and selling is something value for our own goods but soon
4 is what %
of 1 ?
that the student enjoys, and it should, foreign manufacturers and merchants
3 is what %
of 9 ?
I think, be taught in every business would beg the privilege of showing (c) 1/2 is what % of 1/4 ?

school. their goods at the great centres beside 1/4 is what % of 1/2?
About the same precaution should the domestic goods and machinery 1/8 is what % of 1/2? "

be taken by the manager of the Com- until it will be possible for the 1/4 is what % of 1/2 ?
mission House that is to say, refer
; American to see at these fairs every- 1/4 is what % of
3/5 ?
to the price-lists to note where cer- thing that is best in the world mar- 2/5 is what "„ of
3/5 ?
tain goods are selling best, and make kets, of use to him. So that a short 1/9 is what % of
5/9 ?
shipments to that point, being sure journey, at slight expense, to the State In the next number of The Edu-
that the goods are valued at or near Exposition or the "Palace of Com- cator, I will present problems and
cost prices. Of course we shall not merce" as the French would call it, their solutions in the order and
realize a gain in every shipment nor will show him what he needs to get manner in which they should be
is it desirable in our work of illustrat- or can find suited to his uses. taken up in class.
 f^^f3Su4/n^d^^/(^iUu^a&r* ^
Cbe meeting of tbe J. S. Crosswhite and others. On motion,
Mr. Williams was instructed to furnish a
Kansas Special Ceachers' copy of his paper for publication for THE
Business Educator and other leading
Tcderation publications.
Next was a paper on " How Much Educa-
successful Session l>eld in Parsons, tionOught a Penmanship Teacher to
Kansas, Business eolleae, novem^ Have?" by H. A. Andreson, of Salina,
ber ^S=^<a, 1904 Kansas. Discussed by Miss Jennie L.
Craw, of lola.
This was followed by a paper on " The
Tlie meeting of the Kansas Special Importance of Touch Typewriting on the
Teacliers' Federation was opened on the Visible Machine," by J. Clifford Kennedy,
evening of November 25th witli an invo- of Detroit, Michigan, representative of the
cation and address of welcome by Rev. Underwood Typewriter Company. The
W. S. Davis, pastor of the Presbyterian paper was fully discussed by H. A. Andre-
Church. Response was made by Prof. C. H. son, W. L. Musick, J. S. Underwood and
NcGuire, of Salina, Kansas, which was fol- Will G. Price.
lowed by the address of the President, J. C. Next was a paper on "The Shorthand
Olson, which brought forth enthusiastic Teachers' Qualifications and Responsibili-
applause. ties," by W. L. Musick of St. Louis. This
Messrs. H. A. Andreson. of Salina, Will G. proved to be one of the strongest papers
Price, of Wichita,and P. W. Errebo, of Pitts- presented at the convention and brought
burg, were appointed as the committee on forth considerablediscussion and comment.
resolutions. An invitation was then extended for the
First on the program was a paper entitled members of the Kansas Special Teachers'
" Co-operation of School and Typewriter Federation to attend the National Teachers'
Agency in Placing Graduates," Mr. Thorn- Federation meeting at Chicago during the
ton. J. C. Olson, holidays, by Mr. R. Scott Miner of Chicago.
Next on the program was a paper on President of the Parsons Meeting. Invitation was also extended by Mr. B. F.
" Bookkeeping and Actual Business: How- Williams, of Des Moines, Iowa, to attend
Much and How Handled," by T. W. De- the Central Commercial Teachers' Feder-
Haven, of Wichita. Read by H. A.Andre- This was followed by the program. First ation Meeting, which meets at Omaha next
son, of Salina. This was a splendid pro- wasa paper on " Why Should Not the May.
duction and brought forth comment. The Woman Have Equal Pay with Man for the The Committee on Resolutions then re-
discussion was taken up by C. H. McGuire, Same Work?" by Miss Marie J. Toohey, ported the following which were adopted
Will G. Price and H. A. Andreson. principal of the Shorthand Department of by the Association
Next followed a paper on "How to Teach the Parsons Business College. Miss Toohey Il'ijereas, many vital interests are now
Shorthand and Make Successful Reporters," had a splendid paper, and it was much before this Fed'eration and that blows
by Will G Price, of Wichita. Discussed by appreciated by the members of the Feder- should at present be struck in the right
C. P. Zaner, H. -V. Andreson, Will G. Price ation. Discussion by H. A. Andreson, Miss
direction, in order that we make plain the
and J. Clifford Kennedy. sentiment of this body as affecting com-
Jennie L. Craw and others. mercial education in our state,
This closed the program for the evening, " What an Amanuensis Should be Able to
Be it Keaoli-ed, that we reaffirm the reso-
followed by adjournment to, meet at 9:00 Do Upon Entering a Business Office," by lutions passed at former conventions, and
A. N., Saturday morning. C. H. McGuire, of .Salina, proved to be one lI'Aereas, we recognize th:it permanent
of the very best papers of the meeting. success must be based on merit, and
SATURDAY MORNING SESSION, 9:00 A. M This paper was discussed by Will G. Price Whereas, many of our business colleges
On motion, the rules were suspended and do not and will not depend upon their
and others. merits, therefore
a business meeting preceded the regular Next was a paper on "The Relations of Be it Resoli-ed, that a committee of five
program. Business Penmanship to a Commercial be appointed to take definite action in the
The first thing brought before the session Education," by C. P. Zaner, President of matter and petition the State Legislature
was the selection of a place of meeting for the Zanerian, and editor of THE| BUSINESS to pass an act that will require the various
the coming vear. Invitations were ex- Educator, Columbus, Ohio. The discus- iDusiness colleges of Kansas to maintain
such courses study and such methods of
of
tended from Wichita and Salina. The sion of this paper was partaken in by W. A. instruction as will enable them to graduate
Wichita Business College at Wichita, Kan- Jerrett, J. S. Underwood and others. competent bookkeepers, stenographers and
sas, was chosen as the next place of other office help, and
AFTERNOON SESSION, 1 : 30 P. M.
meeting. Be it Resoli-ed, we extend our thanks to
This was followed by the election of offi- The first on the program was a paper on Mr. Olson for the kind treatment received
cers as follows: " What a Commercial Teacher Should while here.
T. W. Roach, Salina, President. Know of Psychologv and Pedagogy," by With a few appropriate remarks by the
Will G. Price, Wichita, Vice President. B. F. Williams of Des Moines, Iowa. Mr. president as the retiring presiding officer
Hazel M. Wright, Parsons, Secretary. Williams handled his subject in a thorough of the Association, the meeting adjourned
C. H. McGuire, Salina, Corresponding manner. The paper brought forth con- to meet in Wichita one year hence.
Secretary. siderable discussion by J. Clifford Kennedy, The afternoon of the first day was spent
P. W. Errebo, Pittsburg, Treasurer. J. C. Olson, W. L. Musick, R. Scott Miner, by attending in a body the concert given by
Next was the allowing of bills. C. P. Zaner, H. A. Andreson, Will G. Price, the great and only Sousa.

i-hich the Kansas Special Teachers' Federation held its meeting Nov. 25-20. The equipment cost over $2,000.00.
It is a finely lighted, practically equipped business school room. It is 55x75 feet.
 f^^^ud/nedyi^f/iu^iifr* ^
a forceful and popular teacher, efficient in
alldepartments of commercial school work,
and the quality of the penmanship of his
average graduates ranks with the best

a f^istory ofpenmen, (Early

schools of the country.
Mr. Mooar is an all-round commercial
teacher and was for many years at the
Business (Education, an5 head of the actual business work of the
school. In every department of commercial
(Educators in Ctmerica. school work he has been the strong aid to
the principal in the school management as
well as in advertising and financial affairs.
By a. H. HINMAN, Worcester, Mass.
Mr. Mooar has for several years past been
the superintendent of the school at the
head of about twenty long experienced
high salaried teachers. Due to his merits
as a teacher and school manager, Mr.
inr. Jlrriti Heynolds onlv a superior penman but an able, force-
ful, all-round commercial teacher. In
Mooar is probably the highest salaried
commercial school man in the country.
Among the earnest, capable and success- about 1880 and for several years he was a
The responsibility of his position so occu-
ful teachers of penmanship who have celebrated teacher of penmanship in the
Chicago Bryant & Stratton College. In- pies his attention that he never appears at
lionored our profession during the past
ducements from Mr. lleald to go west and commercial teachers' conventions, but in
forty five years is the subject of our sketch,
his own city and New England he has an
Mr. Drrin Reynolds. It was Mr. Reynolds' enjoy the glorious climate and opportuni-
good fortune in the latter part of the '50's ties of California took him to Heald's Col-
army of grateful, devoted friends whom he
has faithfully instructed, qualified and
to come under the instruction and inspiring lege. Mr. Capp is probably the best known
penman and commercial teacher on the aided to business success.
influence of P. R. Spencer about the age of
twenty, at Mantua, Ohio. He would attend Pacific coast. For many years he has been
the morning lectures of Mr. Spencer there, Superintendent of Heald's College, the mr. I). Ul. Sbaylor
and then, with the copy for the day, would oldest, largest and leading college in the
go to his home and in a shady corner be- far west where his students by thousands When professional pentnen and aspiring
hind the barn, where he constructed a appreciate his work and interest in their amateurs in the art of penmanship during
board table, he would practice for hours to behalf. Mr. Capp has not only the high the past forty years have sought the finest
embody in writing the beauties his teacher esteem of his students but he ranks among specimens from the most skillful penmen
had pictured on his brain through black- his teaching profession of the coast as an of the country, they have not failed to
board illustrations and with his pen. A few educator of the highest order. He once write for the artistic lines of Prof. H. W.
years later through the recommendation of thought of returning with ample means Shaylor, of Portland, Maine. Mr. Shaylor
Mr. Spencer Mr. Stratton engaged Mr. gained through investments, but his de- had the good fortune to start in life and
Reynolds to take charge of the penmanship votion to his life's work retains him with pass his youth in Ashtabula, Ohio, for many
department of the Chicago Bryant & Strat- Heald's College where Ue enjoys the work years the home of P. R. Spencer. At sixteen
ton College. He was also aided in his work of equipping young men and women for he was trained by Spencer and soon began
by Harvey A. Spencer. The day attendance success in commercial life. teaching writing in neighboring towns.
was then, in :8R4, about 500 students and the Again in 1803 he attended Spencer's Log
evening attendance about 300. At that time Cabin Writing Academy at Geneva. Ohio.
the writer was a bookkeeper in the city and, Itlr. 3. F. ino«ar Later he came under the training of John
being a P. R. Spencer graduate, Mr. Bryant D. Williams, the Prince of Flourishers. He
engaged me to work in the evening classes Memory does not recall to the writer a was engaged in 1804 by Mr. Stratton to teac^h
as an assistant to Messrs. Reynolds and high grade penman and teacher who has in the Portland Bryant & Stratton College.
Spencei. spent as many years in one school as Mr. In 1870 he began as a teacher of writing in
Mr. Reynolds was a genial associate and J. F. Mooar, of the Bryant & Stratton Com- the public schools. During the past fifteen
a superior penman both upon the black- mercial School of Boston, Mass. For fully years Mr. Shaylor has divided his school
board and with the pen. In his methods of thirty years Mr. Mooar has, for their work between the teaching of writing and
illustrating the beauties of writing he fol- advancement, come into the lives of from drawing. Many years ago Mr. Shaylor
lowed closely those of his famous teacher. four hundred to seven hundred students planned and wrote a series of copy books in
As a bold, muscular movement writer he annually. He is a swift, bold, muscular simplified styles of writing which were
was the leading skillful rapid writer and movement Spencerian writer and was once published by Harper Brothers, of New-
most famous penman of the west. He re- a student under the famous Williams. He York, and three million books were sold in
mained with the Chicago College over has taught in New England and possibly in the first five years. Later, in connection
twenty-five years both as a penman and as the United States, more commercial stud- with Geo. H. Shattuck, of Medina, N. Y.,
Mr. Bryant's confidential man as superin- ents than any other teacher. Mr. Mooar is they published Medial Slant copy books.
tendent of the college. Mr. Bryant em- His school work in drawing when taken in
ployed for s-everal years a Mr. Morgan, an connection with colors affords unlimited
ornamental pen artist of great ability, and A. B. CAPP.
development causing him to grow more
the walls of the great college and office absorbed In teaching art. His summers
were filled with over one hundred large with palette and oil colors he spends in the
expensively framed specimens of the com- mountains — sketching and painting from
bined skill of Reynolds and Morgan. A nature, and finds in this an unlimited
great loss to even the penmen of today was source of inspiration and pleasure. This
the burning of this famous gallery of pen being lost in Art causes him to need to pray
art in the great Chicago fire. as Dr. Van Dyke says- "Give me an ideal
During his quarter of a century with the that will stand the strain of human weav-
Chicago College Mr. Reynolds endeared ing into human stuff on the loom of the
himself to many thousands of students. real, keep me from caring more for books
In a letter Mr. Reynolds sent me about four than for folks, for art than for life. Steady
years ago there was exhibited smoothness me to do my full stint of work as well as I
and strength, showing still the strong can and when that is done stop me, pay me
natural freedom and skill of the famous what thou wilt, and help me to say from a
master. Still true to his pen and profession quiet heart a grateful Amen."
he is, I am rightly informed, with Brother
Elliott's famous business school of Burling-
Best in the Ulerld.

mr. n. B. eapp Enclosed find list of subscnptic th

remittance for same. I intend clubbing you
as often as possible for I think THE Busi
Another star in our profession is A. B. NESS EDUCATOR the best in the world.
Capp, Superintendent of Heald's Business C. H. XixON.
College of San Francisco, Mr. Capp is not Central Com'l College. Cumberland, Md
 .^^^ud/n^d^^^^/iu^i^fr^ ^
chosen by a lot of inexperienced business salary. So, after she had worked for over
Ulhat an Hmanucnsis Should be
philosophers is the subject of the duties two years at $5.50 per week, her employer
Jlblc to Do Upon Entering a of stenographers, bookkeepers, clerks, and generously raised her remuneration to
Business Offiee other employees to their employers. $S.OO per week on condition that she furnish
Employees are the common target for a bond for $5,000. The young lady hustled
CHAS. H. M'GUIRE, SAilNA, KANS. good advice, and most of it is only very around and got two friends of substance to
good advice. sign her bond and presented it to her em-
My subject is stated tlius: " What an Mr. Elbert Hubbard, Chief of the Roy- ployer, who after reading it over, expressed
amanuensis should be able to do upon crofters and boss Philistine, in his classic surprise that it did not cover burglary from
entering a business ofiSce." I am glad it entitled *' A Message to Garcia." has given the safe. This the bondsmen declined to
reads that way. I am glad it says " to do," us an essay on doingthings, which I believe do, and so the poor department store pro-
and that office is modified by the word should be carefully read by every business prietor went around feeling that at any
business. If I were permitted, I might man, employer and employee. It ought time his safe might be looted and he would
make two changes in the statement of this also to be used in dictation to every short- have no redress except the blue policeman
subject, for I must confess that I was some- hand class graduating from our business and courts of law. This shows how very
what disappointed when I began a search schools. In the " Message to Garcia," a unreasonable some lady bookkeepers can
into the history of that word amanuensis. man was given a letter to deliver to the be where their employers' interests are
The ordinary International Dictionary was Cuban General, Garcia, and he took the concerned. And, I may take this oppor-
extremely short in defining the word and letter and delivered it. He did not ask tunity to drop a word of suggestion into the
made the simple announcenxent that an questions about how to proceed, or where ear of some business college proprietor who
amanuensis is one who writes w^hat another he would find Garcia, or what he should do may have a blank space for it. If we study
dictates. I have a friend who has de- if he did not find him. No questions. He the methods of our most successful men,
veloped that peculiar faculty kno^ii as simply made good
'* " and delivered it. You we find that the secret of their success lies
automatic writing. While in a hypnotic or will notice that the job was given to him largely in their abilitj' to train those about
trance condition she writes messages pur- without any restrictions, instructions or them to carry out the details of their busi-
porting to come from the invisible spirit advice. He w^as given his work and told to ness, and their power to duplicate them-
realm. This faculty would, according to do it, and allowed to do it. The secret of the selves by trusted lieutenants.
the definition, justify tne in calling her an success of many of the great business
amanuensis. On the other hand, if we enterprises of the world lies in the talent of
A ONE MINUTE SURVEY
compare the transcripts of a very large some one man at the head to get folks who What the Stenographer should be able to
majority of shorthand writers with the can do things, and then let them alone to do. It is their abilitv to rfo things, and
matter dictated and insist upon the highest do them. It requires no more talent and take full advantage of opportunities, that
standard of accuracy suggested in the genius in the man who " delivers the makes them successful, and not the mere
definition, how few there are who really message" than in the man who is expected fact of their being coUegegraduates. What
deserve the title. In view of these facts, to keep handsoff and let him do it. we <Jo depends upon what we think, and
and with 3'our permission I shall hereafter what we think depends upon what we are:
refer to that fickle specimen of human BOND AND BURGLARY our personal characteristics and attributes.
genius who inhabits almost every business Employers can be as unreasonable and If I were compelled to close my remarks
office, as a stenographer. The other change, disagreeable as they please and it passes within the short space of one minute as
which I desire to suggest in order to make without comment. They can lose their some of you would like, I would name the
this subject more applicable to present-day temper every fifteen minutes, and fill the important personal qualities that go to
conditions, is to insert the word modern, day with mistakes and abuse without a makeup the successful stenographer after
and call it a modern business office. There single protest. But, if the employee loses the fashion of the advertisement for the
isa vast diflference between the up-to-date his temper once, when goaded beyond ten-doUars-per-week varietj*, and say he
business man and his office of ten years human endurance through some stress of must be a good speller, understand English,
ago and the modern up-to-date business circumstances, he is either discharged or be industrious, sober, accurate, painstak-
man and his office of today. There is a taken on the carpet and severely* lectured. ing, neat, tactful, conscientious, rapid,
great difference in the conception of the In return for the pittance of from six to honest, careful, methodical, systematic,
two men. The man of ten years ago was twelve dollars a week the employee is intelligent, patient, courteous, truthful,
less susceptal)le to advancement and sys- expected to devote the better part of a life cautious, resourceful, oiiginal, energetic,
tem. His ideal was in the past, and the to his work and give his energy, enthusi- reliable, progressive— and anything more
good record of last year was thought to be asm, and skill and all of his powers of mind which you can conveniently add. The suc-
a direct result of his good methods so why ;
and body. I once knew of a large depart- cessful stenographer, upon entering a
change them. The majority of business ment store, the general office books of modern business office, will, at least, know
men today are working on a well-laid plan which were kept by a lady stenographer, enough about English grammar to chop
that is made with a view to the future of who also acted as chief cashier. No less off a group of words with a period in the
their business, and his office work is so than $250,000 annually passed through her proper place and call it a sentence. The
managed that any improvement that will hands and it would be reasonably expected young lady will know enough about spel-
be of value in his business can be put in at that she should receive a comfortable ling to refer to the dictionary for doubtful
anytime and used to the best advantage. words, to the letters which have been
In fact, he is always on the alert to get the received or any other available source for
best there is to be had and use it in the CHAS. W. McGUIRE proper names, and to the atlas or gazetteer
best way. I may add, further, that this for geographical names. She will under-
policy is not limited to methods and mater- stand the use and importance of retaining
ials, but extends to include all employed a copy of all business letters that leave the
help- office, whether instructed in each particular
THK TOUCH SYSTEM case or not, and know how to keep them
What stenographer should be able to do
a systematically filed, either vertically or
tipon entering a modern business office. otherwise. She will understand the mech-
My first thought was to consider this sub- anism and adjustment of the typewriter
ject solely in the light of my experience well enough to keep from damaging it and
with stenographers and their actual prac- to apply the necessary oil herself without
tice, but before I had gone very far into sending for a repair man. She will be able
recalling them, one by one, I must confess to write some system of shorthand at the
that in some cases, at least, I would have rate of 75 words a minute with accuracy' and
been compelled to admit that about the confidence and be able to trans.cribe the
only thing that was being "done" in a notes accurately on the machine at the
really creditable manner was the employer. rate of fifteen words a minute. She will
Many of them made good use of the never allow a letter or manuscript to go
'•touch system" and were always ready to before the eyes of her employer until she
ask for an increase if it was not forthcom- knows, by reading it, that there are no
ing. Speakingof employers. I am reminded careless mistakes and blunders. She will
to fulfill uxy vows and give that very im- use the good judgment with which God has
portant and unapproachable personage his endowed her and anticipate the net ds of
dues. One of the most common subjects her employer as far as possible. She will
 .^^^udin^d^y^/iu^Uifr* ^
know the conditions which go to make an his career. Boiled down into a short sen- Business and Civtna
emergency and will prove herself equal to tence the lesson simply is: What thou
the occasion and help to set things right as hearest in thy employer's office, treat as FRANCIS H. PEAVEY IN THE PHILISTINE
quickly as possible. though it were not,

WAITING AROUND FOR ORDERS SERVICE I am invited to say a few words on the
I am personally acquainted with a stenog-
subject of " Business and Living." The two,
There may be other and important things an m3' opinion, go hand in hand. A first-
which tlie stenographer should be able to rapher who holds one of the best paying
positions in Dulutli, Minn., and in an ac- class living is the fruit of a prosperous
do upon entering a modern business office, business; and a prosperous business a vail-
but with these qualitications the success of quaintance of several years, I never knew
her to appear in her office one single time eth not unless it gives a first-class living.
our stenographer is assured and by the best I have been a close observer of successful
use of lier common sense and her meager when her manner of dress and items of
jewelry would not meet with the entire men, and few do more than sprout, up to
business knowledge, she will be able to approval of every sensible business man. the age of thirty-five; and if by that time
take the first step toward becoming of great She had a private room for her work, and they have builded well and upon a sure
practical value. As a preface to a few such an ideal room of this character is sel- foundation, their chances for success are
further remarks about what a successful dom found. It was a model of system and more than even. Setbacks, disappoint-
stenographer should know and be able to neatness. I noticed that her note books ments and mistakes are frequently the
do, I wish to quote three sentences from the were filled with outlines like print, and that
they were all properly dated at the begin- making of men. Uninterrupted success, as
writings of Klbert Hubbard. "The world a rule, is dangerous.
ning of each day's work. Had the lady
reserves its big prizes for but one thing, been called from the office at eleven o'clock Honesty is, of course, the first, but not
and that is initiative." " Initiative is doing some week-day morning, you or I could the only requisite; one must have applica-
the right thing without being told." " Next have stepped in, and in a few minutes have tion: be tactful and have good judgment
to doing the thing without being told, is to known just where to begin. If she had
in knowing when to seize an opportunity;
do it when you are told once." Nothing White's Yucatan Habit, she never gave and my observation is, that frankness —
seems to be so disgusting to an enterpris- evidence of it in her office, and she had few
personal callers and those rarely by 'phone. absolute frankness, where it is due — is one
ing business man as to have a stenographer of the jewels to cultivate; it inspires confi-
She attended few "funerals" and she
continually waiting around for orders and seemed to know just when to be at the dence and divides the load that would
directions. There is generally an almost office and at the same time always had otherwise be carried single-handed.
innumerable collection of little things to plenty of time out. When her employer
do when the surface is apparently smooth, was away, the daily paper followed him as CREDIT FIRST AND LAST
and the stenographer who watches the regularly as the trains ran, and this atten- Of all things, the most important for the
careful engineer as he improves the spare tion was never requested. She kept close merchant to nurse, cultivate and protect is
minutes in polishing up the parts which watch of the office stationary supply and his credit, and he should sacrifice every-
was never out of note books, carbon paper,
get dingy, and follows his example, is going or peucils. The aim of her life seemed to be thing else, commercially, for its preserva-
to be rewarded in the near future. Some siirvice, in the highest, most useful and tion and maintenance. I cannot lay too
lack this good quality through natural best way. great stress upon this advice. Money alone
laziness, and sometimes it must occur to is limited in its purchasing power to its
LITTLE HOPE FOR SELFISH CULTURE
the employer in about the same spirit in intrinsic value; credit is limited only by
which it did to a neighbor out in Central I am not pessimistic in my views of life one's ability to judiciously handle it. The
Kansas. for I firmly believe that to-day there is merchant can much better afford to lose
This neighbor kept bees. He was one
of more love than hate in the world, more his money than his credit; and he should
laughter than tears, more joy than sorrow
those nervous, energetic individuals, easily never trade beyond his ability to promptly
and more giving than receiving. Stenog-
excited and quite original in character. As raphers are growing better along with the and cheerfully meet h'is obligations.
a bee-keeper he was famous throughout the others, and while the young man and To successfully convert others, you must
country. One day our friend was getting young woman leaving school with ardent firstconvert yourself. Earnestness is a
ready a new hive for the reception of a hopes for the promises of the future, shall winner, and if honestly earnest, one forgets
swarm, and with the help of two sons, who see some of the brightest stars that shine in himself and his surroundings to accomplish
were both better adapted to hoeing pota- the firmanent of their hopes set upon the
the end in view; his e^'e and everj' move-
fast and furious. Sud-
he was working shore of reality amid disappointments,
toes,
there is a new light coming and these ment will carry conviction with it.
denly, as the lives of the whole family
if
j'oung people will see in clearer, brighter CLOSET THYSELF
depended upon it, he shouted, " Run, letters shining out as an electric sign to
Herby, Run! Run to the barn and I'll tell brighten the darkness of the future, the Communion with one's self is productive
you what I want while you're running; for word " Service." of good results. It weakens a man to ask
God's sake bring me the screw-driver." There is little hope for the world from
for what he would not himself grant if the
selfish culture. The young man or woman
WH.\T THOU HEAREST IN THY EMPLOYER'S positions were reversed. Before undertak-
who goes to college for his or her selfish
OFFICE, TREAT AS THOUGH ends, to satisfy ambition or vanitj-, or to ing an important negotiation, go to your
IT WERE NOT gain social position, will have very little to closet, become yourself the other party,
give to others. It is learning and skill and argue honestly the point against your
A few months ago I was visited by a
young woman stenographer who was consecrated to the service of humanity that true self, and if you become convinced you
counts. The young man who does not feel would do what you are seeking to have
greatly distressed because uf the fact that throbbing within him the desire to be of
she had met with dismissal by her em- done, you can better throw yourself with
service to the world, as well as a desire to
ployer. She said she had understood that gain his personal ends, has missed the true
your whole force into the deal, and can
I had made the statement that no really aim of education and power. The young invariably win.
competent stenographer need be unem- man who is seeking a businese education The greater part of business is done on
ployed a week, and had come to ask me to expecting to go out into the world for confidence; most men are honest, and it is
selfish greedy gain, may well hearken to the exception where one does not aim to be.
"make good" that statement by securing ,

the fate of Shylock, Merchant of Venice. Confidence begets confidence, and, while
her a good paying situation. She said she That relentless, merciless, revengeful
was competent, but was unable to retain men are sometimes betrayed, the alwaj-s-
character who is described as coming into
remunerative emp'oyment — "Though suspicious man is to be pitied, and his path
court andstroking his knife upon the sole of
goodness knows, I have tried often enough is a rugged one.
his sandal.
" So I can give no reason, nor I will not,
and worked liard enough to improve my- MASTER DETAILS
self." I gave her a fair trial and found her more than a lodg'd hate, and a certain
to be a really good shorthand writer and an
loathing." A young man in starting in life must first
" Therefore, lay bare your bosom."
e-xpert operator. Then I questioned her in select the vocation best suited to his taste,
"Ay, his breast; so says the bond — Doth and thereby more surely win success for
regard to the nature of her previous em- it not, noble judge? Nearest his breast,
ployment, and I listened to a detailed himself and his business. He must be con-
these are the very words."
account of the personal affairs and business "It is so. Are there balance here to weigh tent to first germinate, and should master
troubles of one of our prominent business the flesh?" the details at each step. Tiie boy who shins
men, and the complete history of numerous " I have them ready." through his Freshman year had better go
crooked real estate deals on the part of a "Tarry a little; there is something else. back and try it over; otherwise he will lack
This bond doth give thee here no jot of the necessary foundation to successfully
local tirm.
blood; the words expressly are a pound of or satisfactorily graduate. The same idea
I gave what advice I could on what I con- flesh; but. in the cutting it, if thou dost
sider to be one of the first lessons in this applies to business. Do well what you are
shed one drop of Christian blood, thy lands
profession and one that should be remem- and goods are, by the laws of Venice, given to do, and, if possible, do it better
bered by every stenographer throughout cuiiliscate." than any oue else ever did it before.
 M^3Bu4^t£d^/i^Au^i^r ^
Many failures could be averted if debtors young man who is not afraid to work over- LIRHT UP WITH A SHILE
would be frank with creditors; few men time; who works as though he, himself, own — but light up with a smile; it will
there are who would wreck others just for were the owner; whose hand is not raised
carry good cheer and make your load the
the sake of the wreck. Give preference to against his employer, but whose every
lighter. Do not be in a hurry to get out of
rnen who respect a moral obligation. Seek energy is bent to make a success of what
this world, thinking it is against you; it is
the acquaintance of the best people you can has been entrusted to him. only so because you think it is so. Some
find, anfl absorb from them all the good FIFTY YEARS AND TO-DAY old people claim that crime is multiplying,
you can. So long as you are self-respecting and draw their comparisons between their
Three or four of the largest banks in our
vou are as good as any man, but no better county weekly paper of fifty years ago, that
.country are today looking for men qualified
than the poorest who is equally self- only gave the doings of the township, and
to fill the position of manager. Similar
respecting.
conditions exist with many railway com- the daily paperof today that gives the news
Accept occupation at even a nominal of the world.
panies and other large enterprises. Re-
salary. Business men give preference to The more money a man makes, the more
employed applicants. Keep busy, and if
member, however, it takes a high order of
man to succeed today. Fifty years ago he should spend. He, himself, gets but a
there the right stutf in you, promotion
is
living out of it, anyway, but he should dis-
physical courage was the chief requisite,
will be in order, or you will be sent for by
but today, with the world as ourcompetitor, tribute it in trade channels so it will fall
some outsider who sees growth in you. among themanj'; or he should help tliose
where profits are figured by fractions, it
FROM THE RANKS requires brains combined with hard com- who are honestly in need of help, but I
I employ a great many men; my man- mon sense and good moral character to suc- deprecate charity that pauperizes. The
agers have come up from the ranks; they cessfully compete — and the merchant of man who gives us work is the man wre
are my best friends, and I am theirs. We today, who i« keeping al:)reast of the times, should most bless. Doing good for otliers
are partners and I treat them as such. Our must cultivate his mind as well as his is the best remedy for the "blues." Say a

interest is a common one — the success of pocket-book. Every man in this country gnod word to every boy who seeks employ-
one means the success of the other. It can- has a fighting chance for success; the ment of you. You, or your boy, may work
not possibly be otherwise. No man is indis- highest positions in tlie United States, for him some day.
pensable to a well-organized firm and a England, France, Austria and Russia have DIVERSITY NECESSAKY
good manager will be educating boys to fill been filled by self-made men, and there is
men's places; but no manager can afford room for more such men whenever they To better equip one's self for his daily
to be other than kind to his boys and make chance to appear. work, he should improve every opportunity
their interests his; and he should encourage The mineral developments in the west for study. Cultivate the taste, if it was not
them to use their heads rather than their and far west are astounding, though only acquired in early youth. It trains and rests
arms and legs. budding, and some men are prospering in the mind, and one should have diversity of
The men of today must soon make way every place. The Cripple Creek region thought.
for the boys who are crowding them. A mined but $200,000 gold in 1891, against Do not be like the Frenchman on whose
recent New York failure might have been $28,000,000 in 1903. Our great activity in the tombstone in Paris is the epitaph: "He
averted by the injection of good young next decade will be on our Pacific coas^. was born a man. but died a grocer." You
blood. Affability should be courted. Busi- Our coast line is the greater on the Pacific cannot get beyond a shopkeeper, and will
ness has been turned elsewhere for the ocean, and gives us the better right to its become a dwarf intellectually if you do not
lack of it. A contract is a poor one if not use. have other resources than a talent for
ofmutual benefit. It is unprofitable to take The Yankee merchant penetrates toevery money-getting. Poverty of mind is the
the last pound of flesh. In presenting a corner of the civilized globe, and today he greatest of misfortunes. One can be very
business proposition be very careful to do it is furnishing most of the tools and ma- poor in purse and still happy if he can enjoy
at an opportune time. chinery used on the Russian-Chinese good books. The environments of the pub-
I am a great believer in personality. railway. lic library are conducive to good morals
When you want anything badly, go and see The young men of this nation must see to and better intelligence.
the man face to face. Don't waste paper it that China's "open door" is well patron- Go past our public library any evening in
and ink or time in talking through some ized by our people, and that we lead, and the winter and you will find the reading-
other man. not follow, other nations. It is far better for rooms crowded with old and young, quiet
mankind that we exert our influence for and orderly, who return to their homes
AND EQUALIZERS
CIVILIZERS
commercial gain rather than to spend our better men for the evening thus spent.
Opportunities are many for the right men, time and energy in trying to discredit and To get the most pleasure and satisfaction
and if they do not arise, make theni. When destroy what other men have created. out of life, one must do his part for his
I began business, not a trans-continental With the advent of steam and electricity family, his church, his schools, the hospital
line was in existence, and I =aw the first conditions have changed, and we must and institutions akin, as well as his city,
rails laid in the Dakotas; today we liave in accept them as they exist today, and not county, state and country. But one must
our country 181,000 miles of railroad, against, continue to employ the methods used by do it intelligently, first investigaling. We
I think, not to exceed 25,000 miles in any lose all the fun if we give quickly and
our grandfathers.
other country — and in no other country is thoughtlessly, just to get rid of it.
freight carried as cheaply as here. Think FROM THE HEART TO THE HEART It is the fault of some to speak kindly-
of it Last year cotton for the Orient was
! But success is only failure without a only of the dead. It is far better to repeat,
carried all rail from Texas to Seattle; and, happy home and warm friends and a while they live, only the good things we
in competition with our Minnesota pine, we willingness to do one's part for the sake of hear about our neighbors; it makes every-
have brought fir from Tacoma for biiildings humanity. We all, at times, have our body happy, and it certainly belittles one
in Duluth; and in competition with troubles; our up-days and our down-days, in his own estimation to do otherwise.
Georgia, we have used shingles and other but the average are in favor of sunsliine. Some people are very pessimistic. I once
materials from Washington. The world is all right if we do our part, but gave a barrel of eggs to an institution, and
The transportation companies by land there is some good in every man —and why received thanks for them if they were good.
and by sea of today are the civilizers and is it not better to seek out that good? I One should find happiness in his home
the equalizers. No longer can famine exist cannot think the world is going to the dogs, and in his office, and each day do the best
inone part of the world with plenty in the but believe it is growing better all the time. he knows how.
other part. Flour has been sent from Port- There is not a successful business man of
land, Oregon, to Hongkong, China, for ten my acquaintance who is not doing more or
cents a sack; and a few years ago, when less frtr the cause of humanity; and the "Inspiration •'

Texas had a short wheat crop, we supplied more intimately I know men, the better I
the demand from Oregon. If the Orient come to believe them to be. I find almost "A journal of information, inspiration and
will take our Pacific coast wheat and flour, everybody, no matter how poor, willing to exhortation," published by the Inspiration
it will give the states east of the Rockies a do something for those less fortunate than Publishing Co., Des Moines, la., $1.00 a year.
better market in Europe for these com- themselves; sometimes tliey cannot give is the title of a thirty-two page medium

modities. more than a flower, a smile or a kind word, sized journal somewhat on the order of
Young men cannot or must not be blind but it is from the heart and goes to the "Success" without the illustrations. Mr.
B. F. Williams, the well known and highly
to the fact that these vast transportation heart, and if any of you gentlemen present esteemed business educator of the Com-
properties to succeed, must be well man- had a struggle at the start, you know what mercial Text Book Co., and the Capital City
aged, and that some of the boys of today a lift a kind word is. Commercial College, Des Moines, la., is the
will be the managers of tomorrow. It will Do not carry your troubles on your coat editor, and we therefore wish for "Inspira-
not be the laggard or the croaker, but the sleeve — most people are loaded with thrir tion " the success it and its editor merits.
 f^^f3^ud^i^d4^(^/iu^aifr ^
typhoid, but ere this appears in print he wide-awake, genial principal of the
.Commercial education in Pitts^
will no doubt be at work in the Iron City commercial department, Mr. C. M.
bura. Pa. College as of old. Simcoke. St. Louis has the reputa-
Thus endeth our day's sojourn in the tion of the city of graft and we were
The editor of THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR commercial schools of Pittsburg.
not Ions; since spent a very busy and de- pleased to see engrafted in her midst
lightful day among the commercial schools such magnificently built and equipped
of the hustling, wealth-creating city of St. Couis. institutions, and to have engrafted in
Pittsburg. All in all, the commercial her system of instruction such pro-
schools are doing good work and with less A recent visit to St. Louis and to gressive and practical methods of in-
friction than in many cities, though compe- struction. They still have and re-
tition is keen and strenuous. the Commercial Schools there re-
vealed the fact that up to Thanks- quire the vertical, and in its rankest
At Call's College, Z, G. Call, President, we form at that, which was the most un-
found an attendance of nearly- 150 earnest giving time the Fair had operated
—
pupils not a small school considering that very materially against the attendance progressive thing we saw while there.
the institution is but four years old. Mr. in these schools the past summer and
Bauer is the penman, and is a favorite with fall. Profitable employment and un-
all in the institution. usual attractions at the Big Show '^^'^^^^y^i^
The Martin School, McConahey and An-
drews, Proprietors, has an office on the first were too much for the ambitious to
floor with well equipped school rooms turn a cold shoulder to and as a con-
above, and a daily attendance of upwards sequence the schools suffered. But Typewriter t/ 5hortlu>nd
of 250. Their night school numbers an even doubtless the middle of the present
hundred, a finer evening class we never month will find hundreds, if not Field Notes
saw. Their earnestness soon enlists one's thousands, spending their money and
interest, enthusiasm and sympathy.
The Commercial High School, S. D. Ever- time in the Business Schools. h.

hart. Principal, is one of the finest public

We found the Mound Citv Business Mr. D. B. Holcomb, who has been in
school institutions to be found any where. College, Geo. A. Hanks, Proprietor, charge of the Fox Typewriter Co.'s busi-
Having lieen started away back in 1872, it is to be a small but busy institution. ness throughout Missouri and previously
one of the pioneer schools, if not the pioneer The Southwestern Business College, located at Sedalia. will have charge of the
school of the kind in this country. Certain E. H. Fritch, Proprietor, is a sub- Kansas City office, and from that office
it is that they know how to teach business
work all the state of Missouri.
stantial institution with an evening
and to do business. The students are kept enrollment of two hundred and forty, The Topeka, Kans.. office of the Fox Co.
too busy to be troublesome, and the course will handle all the trade in the central
is so arranged that pupils may graduate at
the largest we saw in that city. part of the State, where the Fox is espec-
any time that they complete the work, be it We did not see the Perkins and ially strong.
in two, two and one half, or three years. Herpel Mercantile College in session,
With such an institution presided over by but we were cordially received there Mr. C. B. Fidlar, who has been handling
some two dozen, wide-awake, well-prepared and favorably impressed with what the Fox City trade in Chicago under the
teachers, the commercial schools of Pitts-
Chicago management, has been promoted
we heard and saw. to the manager of the Chicago office.
burg find it necessary to do good work or At the Barnes Business College we
be outdone by the heretofore "theoreti- At the recent Kansas Special Teachers'
cal" but now thoroughly practical Com-
met our once-upon-a-time pupil and A,ssociation at Parsons, the Remington and
mercial High School. Five hundred and long-time friend, J. R. Anderson, Underwood were represented by Mr.
ninety-nine students were on the roll. who, by the way, makes a rattling Thornton of Kansas City for the former and
The Keno Shorthand School occupies manager for that high-grade institu- the ever-jiresent, ever-genial, ever-success-
ful Kennedy, now of Detroit, where he is
portions of two buildings, and has a good tion. We found the attendance good, booming the Gutchess School, and making
attendance. the equipment excellent, and the things go in the school line as has been his
The Pittsburg Academy. J. \V. Lvtle, Pres- rooms in the modern Board of Edu- custom in the typew^riting line.
ident, has daily an attendance of between
400 and 500 in the different departments;
cation Building. The Barnes' con- The new Dictation Manual, recently is-
Commercial, Shorthand, Academic, etc. ducts no night session. sued by The Burrows Brothers Co., of
We were here treated to the most enthusi- The Columbia Commercial College Cleveland, round out to a fine completion,
is presided over by two earnest, their shorthand series of text-books. \Ve
astic, sincere, and we dare say strenuous
think this is the only house in the country
opening exercises in the morning at S:45 capable men, Messrs. Chrisman and that sends an experienced man the country
we have ever had the pleasure of witness- Goshert. They seemed to enjoy a through, talking nothing but shorthand.
ing. Mr. E. T. Overend, Principal of the good share of St. Louis patronage. This one fact testities volumes to the esti-
Commercial Department, impressed us as mation in which the shorthand publica-
being a very capable gentleman.
We failed to call at Hayward's Bus- tion of this Company are held.
At the Curry School we were most cor- iness College when it was in session
dially received by Mr. D. H. Hainer, the and also failed to see our former The Burrows Brothers Co., of Cleveland,
announce as to be ready in the very near
genial, efficient principal of the commercial pupil, Jlr. S. E. Gutteridge, much to future, a revised edition of their Day's
work of the institution. One does not need our regret. Shorthand Dictionary. This book occupies
to converse long with Mr. H. to discover The Jones & Henderson Business a unique position — inasmuch as it is handy
that his heart is engaged as well as his for the pocket, retails at $1 only, and yet is
College, we found out from the center as comprehensive as the dictionaries cost-
head and hand in the noble work of of population with evidences of pros- ing several times this price.
teaciiing.
Duff's College, Wm. H. Duff, Proprietor, perity in well-filled rooms, considering
we found to be well filled with students all the attractions of the Fair.
busily engaged, sustaining the term "Mer- At the Bryant and Stratton Business ...KT-;:^.
cantile" which has been so long connected College we met the genial proprietor,
with that institution. Our regret was that W. M. Carpenter, whom we had known
practically all of Mr. Duff's artistic pen
work had been destroyed by fire some two
by correspondence for a decade and News Notes
a half. His school occupies expen-
years ago. But some later specimens show
the genius still active and the taste still sive quarters and we found a large and Notices.
cultivated in matters pertaining to beauty. audience to greet us. Dr. Carpenter
We dropped into the Iron City College, is a pioneer in the cause of commer-
Chas. J. Smith, Principal, at about 9: 00 P. ?i. cial education and conducts a thor-
and found him dealing out a grade of wit, ough institution. Prof, M. B. Wallace, brother of the famous
wisdom and oratory, not unbecoming a true G. W., is at the helm of the St. Joseph Busi-
orator, amid palms and flowers, to an aud-
We found the skillful H. B. Lehman ness University as Instructor in Penman-
instructing the boys and girls to write ship and Commercial Branches.
ience of several hundred pupils and friends
of the well known institution. right at the Central High School, in
We soon a room devoted exclusively to writing.
Prof. J. C. Bryant, late of the Marysville,
discovered that there was ample cause for Mo.. Business College, is now Educational
the flowers, the oratory, and the orchestra At the new and elegant Veatman Director of the Y. M. C. A. at St. Joseph.
as it was in honor of the 50th anniversary of High School we found R. A Grant Prof. D. Alexander, formerly with the
the founding of the institution by his J.
directing the commercial and pen- Shenandoah, la., Normal, is now man of
father. Such rich surroundings, and such manship work amid the finest equip- affairs at the Piatt Commercial School. St.
an audience are not seen every day in com- ment of specially designed furniture Joseph.
mercial schools. Then, too, such an occa-
sion has come to but few now engaged in we have ever seen in a high or com- The many friends of Prof. A. S. Fries will
commercial work. Fifty years from now it mercial school. regret to learn of his resignation as Director
will be a common occurrence. In a similarly built and equipped of Commercial Branches in the St. Joseph
High School. For two years he has battled
The Zanerian Gold Medalist. Mr. E. W. institution on the south side, the bravely against failing health but was fin-
Stein, was just passing through a siege of McKinlej' High School, we met the ally forced to retire from the field of schoo
 f^^3Bud/n^M^(ai(/uaii^r ^
work, in which he has been a prominent fig- together with portraits of its numerous
ure for many years. At present he is in the >rr?^.i^ .^^'''^^r^rfc managers and principals. The red ink
south anticipating relief in a milder clim- used in the catalog, in our opinion, gives it
ate. Prof. L. C. Rusmisel, Instructor in a cheap effect. The text is well gotten up.
Bookkeeping, has taken charge of the work School and
as -Mr. Fries' successor and his former
position is filled bv Rov V. Coffey, late of the HotTman's Metropolitan Business Col-
Brown schools. The attendance of the Professional leges. Milwaukee and Chicago, are sending
St. Joseph school numbers about nine hun- out a modest-sized, beautifully-titled. 40-
dred.
^^ page, well printed and illustrated catalog,
advertising these institutions.
Mr. r. E. Fuller, the well-known shorthand
teacher of Goldey College. Wilmington, The Program of tin- l';irtnt-' Ke. .,,1 ,. ,ii
The Burrows Brothers Company, publish-
Del., is a man who practices what he given at the Detroit, ."'licli.. Commercial ers, Cleveland, Ohio, are sending out a
preaches. The commendations he has re- College. Thursday evening. \ov. 17lh. indi-
ceived from notable men for reporting their beantifollv gotten up prospectus adver-
cates an enjoyable, instructive, well spent
addresses are a prize worth having. We evening. tising "The History of the United States
notetliat the lynx-eyed Hu'^iness Manager and Its People" in twelve volumes, by
of Goldev's is using this fact for all it is Elro>- McKendree Avery.
worth in the course of his advertising It is The Holyoke Evening Telegram. Nov.
contains an excellent write up of tin-
19th.
a good idea. It is to be regretted that more The Georgia Nortnal College and Business
of our teachers of shorthand are not also
Holyoke Business Institute. The school
rapid writers of shorthand. moved in its new quarters. The institution Institute. Abbeville, Ga., is sending out a
is in a flourishing condition and its new couple of the finest calendars we have ever
location bespeaks an even greater prosper- seen, both of which are highly colored and
Miss Bessie Baker, of Abingdon, Va., is ity than it has enjoyed in the pas^t
teaching for J. B. Madden, Anniston, Ala. intricately cut by large and expensive dies.
'1 he one represents a couple of birds with a
The Tubbs Business College. Charleroi, ne^t ill a sea shell, and the other is that of
E. L. Warren, Rome, N. Y., is teaching Pa., recently moved in new quarters espec-
Graham shorthand for E. P. Miller, of the ially fitted 'fijr the school's use. The com- a beautiful blonde maiden with a lattice
Western Business College, Council Blufl^s, mercial department is undir tie supervis- work of purple flags and cat-tails behind
Iowa. ion of Mr. Ira E. Shaw, Mild the manage- and water lillies at the sides and below.
ment of the sh<irthaiid departmi-Mt is under If you want one be sure to enclose at least a
A. B. Zu Tavern, recently of Monroe, Wis., that of Mrs. D. C. Tubbs, Mr. Tubbs having quarter, as they are expensive affairs.
has taken the commercial work in Chesnut- charge of the entire school as well as the
wood's Business College, Fresno, Cal suc- typewriting department. The institution
ceeding H. E. Watson who has gone to
,
is in a tlourishing condition. The Archibald Business College, Min-
Heald's, San Francisco. neapolis, Minn., published a green backed,
The Independent of Prcsque Isle, Me., on gold-embossed. green-l.)ordered, nicely il-
C. H. Fulton, formerly of Chicago, has Thursday, Oct. J7th, I'JOI. c .ntained quite a lustrated catalog, giving us the impression
recently begun teaching for the Denver complimentary write-up of the lloltoii. Me., of a good school. What more is a catalog
(Col.)Business University. Business College. expected to do?

J.A. Phillips, Beaver Falls. Pa., is now- W. Philip Steinhaeuser. is teaching

Prof. The Mueller School of Business, Cincin-
teaching in the Lorain (Ohio) Business Col- Graham shorthand in the Evening Educa- nati, O., D. D. Mueller. President, Mrs. D. D.
tional Classes of the Railroad Department,
lege.
Young .Men's Christian AssociatioTi, Read- Mueller. Principal, is sending out an ex-
ing Pa in connection with his work as cellent JO-page. gray-covered catalog. It is
D S. Hill, who has been with the State
,

Principal of the Commercial Department of bran new from cover to cover in text and
Business College, Minneapolis, this fall, Schuylkill Seminary. illustrations, and is a straight-forward
joined the staff of the .'^lankato (Minn.)
Business College, Dec. 5 presentation of the work being done, and
We learn that Ilunt'^inger's Business of the purposes of the school. The catalog
College, Hartford. Conn was never before ,
clearly indicates the fact that Mr. Mueller
One of the best written little folders re- so prosperous as it is this year. The atten- n it only knows how to teach shorthand and
cently received came from the Waynes- dance of the dav school is at preseiii be-
burg, Pa., Business College, 1. A. Zeigler, tween 225 and '^30. This means that Presi-
how to conduct a school, but how to write
Manager. advertisements as well.
dent Huntsinger and his corps of able as-
sistants are usually busy and evidently
The Columbia Commercial College Cour- thankful and happy. The Proprietor of the Rasmussen Prac-
ier, St, Louis, Mo., is the title of a nicely tical Business School, Stillwater, Minn., is
gotten up four-page circular in tlie interests Tlie Suppi v List of the New Y.irk n..ard of a believer in beauty as well as in business,
of that institution. Education shows that the Isaai- I'liuiau as evidenced by the large calendar recent-
Shorthand has been exclusively adopted ly received at this office. It represents one
for use in the High Schools of the Boroughs of the richest, bordering on the sublime,
From the Chicngo Law
Journal we learn
of .^lanhattan.TheBr mx. Brookl vo.Queetis marine scenes we have ever had the pleas-
that Mr. D. B. Williams of that city has been ure of beholding. Our compliments and
granted the degree of C. P A. (Certified & RicnmoiKl. comprising Greater .New-
our thanks are hereby extended.
Public Accountant by the Illinois Board of
I
York, commencing January, 1905, for a
Examiners. period of five years.
Somebooklets for the users of their pub-
Our old-time friend and student, Mr. L, D.
lications are at hand from the Sadler-Rowe
Co., Baltimore, Md which are up-to-date
,

Hook, Belmore, Ohio, is teaching the com- creations intended to catch the eye and
mercial branches and penmanship in the
Ottawa, Ohio, Business College. Mr. Hook
^.^.^^Zu^ hold the attention of prospective students.
is a whole-souled, genial fellow and we wisli
The illustrations partake of the society
style, but the te.xt is practical from the
him success. Xo one works more faithfully word "go."
for his students than Mr. Hook. Catalogs
Advertising literature has been received
We learn that the well-known penman, C.
W. RHnsoni. of the Central Business Col-
and Circulars from the following: Rutland, Vt., Business
College; The White School, San Jose, Calif.:
lege. Kansas City, Mo., was never kept so School of English. Chicago. 111.: Forest
busy as he is now. Thev have the largest City Business College. London. Ont.; Lng-
school in the history of the institution. 350 ans'port, Ind.. Business College: Under-
students being in dailv attemlance. Mr. Temple College School of Ihisitiess, I'liii.
wood Typewriter Co.
Ransom has no time for any other kind of adelphia. issues a wel l-illust rated, splendid
penwork than card writing. Our readers ly-written. artisticall v-printed. grav-c v-
will be pleased to learn, however, that they ered, catalog, illustrating and describing "Commercial Education" Volume 1, No.

can secure cards from his pen. Please see the work of that well known, high grade 1. is the 4-page leaflet published
title of a
by and in the interest of the Seattle, Wash.,
his advertisement in another column. and thorough instituti.in. The catalog is Commercial School, M. W. Cassmore,
as simple, direct, and lucid as the institu-
tion is practical and thorough. Editor. Its first impression is not inviting,
Mr. A. D. Skeels, Temple College, Phila- but we found it chuck full of very reason-
delphia, a staunch friend and supporter of able information.
The Business Educator, swings a pen of The big. twelve-page journal entitled
more than usual grace and accuracy. His "The Southern Educator" published bv '-The Man Behind" is the suggestive
small letters are very delicate, graceful the big Southern Normal School and I! .wl-
title of a4-page tlyer with J. Clifford Ken-
and accurate, revealing a command of the ing Green Business University, is received
nedv's phiz on the back, that recently
pen far beyond the average professional. regularlv and contains splendid advertis-
ing material. It is one of the biggest and came to our desk from the Gutchess Met-
best journals of its kind received at this ropolitan Business College, Detroit, Mich.,
Mr. H. C. Russell of Kinvon's Commercial office. of which he is the hustling manager.
School. Pawtucket. R. I., favored >is with a
good-sized club, together with some samijle
lessons that he is giving his pupils. The The Patton .School of Business and Spencer's Business College catalog, New-
lessons are photo-engraved, the copies being Shorthand. I. W. Patton, Principal, New Orleans, L. C. Spencer. Proprietor, came to
printed on practice paper with typewritten York City, is sending out a very neat four- our desk done up in a unique package in
instructions beneath. They are somewhat page circular. the form of a clever imitation of ye old-time,
out of the ordinary and are intensely prac- large-sized, prosperous, leather pocketbook.
tical. The small letters are executed with Draughton's Practical Business Colleges, We found that it was made up of attractive
more strength and accuracy than is fre- now numbering twenty, are sending out illustrations, printed in colors on plate
quently seen, revealing the fact that Mr. a brown-covered, by 9, l.'ifi-page catalog.
fi paper, giving us a better impression than
Russell is a penman who must be reckoned advertising their various branches. In it we have ever had of that widely known
with from this on. are illustrations of these various schools school.
 KCV to Hbove Plate: l, G. E. Miller; 2, C. W. Rausom; 3, L. Mada
N. P.7r.Vobf?rTF^\- Margin ;• 97/. E.Le'amy; lo.' S?wr Funk rilVc-: J. Cornell 12 S. M IBlue; 13 M. D. F"'?"" • »>,
\\atsoa, — J
C.Vitsoa"-'7
W
;

1'\ r A RaiimVv 16 P Cnstpllo- C C Lister- 18, M. A. Albin; 19. C. E. Lowder; 20. F. B. Courtney;
17 21, \\ .

A. Alb.n.
,

Reas r;' I, b! Kupfe;manV21, P. M. BrldgesfsrH A.' Reneau; 26. A. H. Hlnman; 27, S. M. Blue; 28. H. T. Loomis; 29, M.
 f^^r^ud/n^d^^^^f/iu^i^fr* ^
"It is a hard master. It is more
|pi powerful than your judgment and will
combined. The old -fable, " I can
stop any time I want to," is dis-
proved by the earnest attempts of
d?e Success (£trcle, many a strong man you and I know.
" It is a costly master. Two seven-
CT Department of Encouragement, 3n= cent cigars a day only will in thirty
years cost $4,2liO, compounding an-
spiratton, progress, Bealtb, (£tc. nually at six per cent. 1 have the
figures of the calculation before me.
Conducted by L. M. THORN BURGH, Paterson, N. J., Most smokers spend twice that on
Comtnercial High School. themselves and friends. What would
the sum named buy ?
"A good home.
[c "Asuperb private library.
" Four journeys around the world.
Among many articles on the to- a bad thing, us keep out of it.
let " Capital sufficient to start a busi-
bacco habit that have come to my Anyhow, let us not drop into it by ness.
notice, not any contain more sensible accident, or because some other fel-
and wholesome advice — advice hard low invites it, and then admit, as
"A college education for two or
three men.
to reject — than the one following, many a friend of mine has done, that
which appeared in The American Boy, "Five 3'ears' support in case of
we are caught in a trap of unbreak- disability.
four years ago, as one of a series of able habit.
talks to boys by Mr. Archer Brown of " If reason and will and manhood
"The self-respect and ambition of
Rogers, Brown & Co., New York.
a moneyed man.
are going to have anything to do with "There are two kinds of money I
A similar tactful treatment of the deciding the matter, there are some would never spend on tobacco first,
tobacco problem by teachers in things that must be thought of. They the money I may have earned myself
;

school-room talks, should be the are the disadvantages. All admit

means of accomplishing much good. by hard work, and need for self-
that the habit, once formed, is a improvement, a start in life, or help
The use of tobacco, particularly, the master. What kind of a master is it ? of others and second, that which
cigaret among young school boys in
;

"It is an unclean master. A clean my father has earned by work and

our cities, continues to spread with mouth, sweet untainted
alarming rapidity.
breath, self-denial, and gives to me."
" clothes, apartments free from stale
In planning " The Tobacco Habit
odor are hard things for an habitual Cry Cove's may Co Success.
article before our circle at the begin-
smoker to manage. This point needs
ning of the New Year, it is with the no elaboration. But if a proof is
sincere hope that it will appeal Have you found, during the past
wanted, I only ask a glance at the year, that the fretting, fault-finding
strongly to the better judgment of floor of the smokers' side of a ferry
our younger readers, at least, and way has paid? If not, try the oppo-

thus serve to guard them against one

or the smoking car of a train, and a site, —
love's way, —
for the new year.
sniff of the atmosphere after a few Love is the best lubricant, the only
of the greatest obstacles, in the path-
minutes of the crowd's unrestrained one that keeps friction from wearing
way to the highest success: enjoyment of the weed, and —what out life's machinery.
THE TOBACCO HABIT. is quite as significant — a note of the Love will draw the world toward
"When it comes, it comes to stay. contrast in appearance between the you and surround you with- an at-
Men rarely ever abandon it after the men who crowd these places, and mosphere of success. It will bring
twenty-first year. Therefore take it those who seek cleaner floors and to you all the good things that make
for life, or quit it short. If you com- purer air. the joy of living. Its opposite will
mence it, count that 3'our final decis- "It is an unhealthful master. It drive them away.
ion. But before deciding to make corrupts the sense of taste, injures Do you wish to lessen the burdens
tobacco your lifelong companion, con- the stomach, deadens the sensibili- of others, to make light your own,
sider well some points :
ties, causes cancers and heart and to increase your power for good,
" First, its advantages. A pipe or trouble. I can count half a dozen — then must you enlist under love's
cig;ar or quid has narcotic effects personal friends at this moment who banner. It will always lead you to
that are counted pleasant. When know, on physicians' authority, that victory.
the appetite is formed it is grateful further continuance of smoking The secret of Christ's power over
to satisfy it. There are features of means shortened days, perhaps sud- men lay in his great love for them.
comradeship about smoking particu- den death. Only one or two, how- As flowers are drawn toward the sun,
larly. It is thought that a story can ever, have been strong enough to men were drawn toward him by the
be better told and enjoyed in the blue give it up. love which radiated to the utmost
hazeof a smoking room on the train "It is an almost immoral master. bounds of the earth.
or steamer than in pure air or sun- Not in itself a necessary evil, it never- The reservoir of love is inexhaust-
shine. It is a solace for the Irish theless promotes certain associations ible. The more you give, the more
laborer breaking stone or working in and leads in certain directions as to you will have to give. It multiplies
the trench, and for the lonely cow- other habits which are unhealthy to at the fountain, and returns to you
boy on the Western plains. 5len in the moral nature. Do you know a tenfold. By trying to make others
highly nervous employments, like liquor soaker who is not fond of happy, you increase your own happi-
night'workers on newspapers, crave toljacco ? Did you ever see a barroom ness. By trying to lift the burdens
the stimulant and seldom go with- or prize-fighting or gambling crowd of others, your own grow lighter.
out it. It is not in the catalogue of or rough gang of any kind that was You cannot give love without attract-
admitted vices. Many excellent men not smoking and chewing ? To par- ing it toyourself This is a natural law.
.

smoke, some good men chew, and I aphase a famous remark of Horace The power to love is one of the
have known truly pious and godly Greeley: "All tobacco users are not greatest gifts to humanity. It gen-
men who could befoul a street car or horse thieves, but all horse thieves erates the sunshine of the moral un-
bespatter a carpet with a misdirected are tobacco users." A lad who has iverse, without which life would be
shot at an inconvenie::t jpittoon. In learned to handle a cigar with grace a desert waste.
some countries smoking practi-
is has made a first-class start on a road Use this divine power without stint.
cally universal, even the women join- that has more than one bad stopping Be prodigal of your love. Let it radi-
ing. In this country a majority use place. If you think that is not so, ate freely. It will brighten the dark
tobacco in some form. So we are let me ask you whether, if you were places. It will gladden the sorrow-
dealing, not with an abstract ques- an employer and wanted a young man ing. It will lift you above the petty,
tion, but one very near to the life of for a position of trust and growth, grinding cares that so soon corrode
every boy growing into manhood. you would select the one with a cigar the mind and sap the energies. It is
"I say if it's a good thing, let us in his mouth, or the one who had the golden key that will admit you to
go into It. If analysis shows it to be decided not to use it. the palace of the true Wi'i.—Succesi^.
 STUDKNTS OF W. N. CUBRIER.IPENM AN IN THE RIDER-MOORE & STUART SCHOOLS, TRENTON, N. J.

;^ '/r ^j- ^ y^y:^^ y^ y^'y'^-'A- y^- 'y<r^ y^^^' ^-/^ ^ ^^& C^ ^^-
-^/- ''yi-</i''y^ /yi- 'A' -"A- y^y'A- ^ ^y^ v^ ''A' A^ yy^ i^^ -^y^ v^A-y'

V^ v^ y^ %/ y^ -r^ ^/^^u A^y^ %c-^/y A^y/A^y^ ^Aa y^ a^ y^^A^ -^ ^/k

y^y^ y^-Az-V^y^ ya-y^y^y^y^y^^y^-%L^/^yy-^%^ y^ y^-v^^^^x^^^

y^y^y^ y^y^ y^y^y^y^y^ y^^y^ y^y^y^ y^%^ v^ v^ a^a^ yy %,
V^^y^y^y^ y^ y^y^ y^y^%:^/^y^^A A: y^^y^ y^^y^y^yi^^y^y^ y^^c
y^-^y^V^ y^y^yx^y^y^^/^y^y/yzy^y^y^ yyy^y^y^ ^i^ y^y^-^y^
ANDREW SWEENEY.

% Vs Vs Vs Vj Vs ^j Vs Vs ys ^A ^ys "ys ^3 % Vs Vs Vs V3
% ^ ^/^ Vs "^/s ^'s ^'3V^ ^3 "-/s -/3 V3 "y's y^ "^/s ys Vs y^ -^s

ys ^3 ^3 ^/3 h ^/^ Vs Vs ^/3 V^ ^ys "^/s Vs yj 5<^ Vs V3 ^ys ^

^/S ^ys Vs Vi Vs Vi ^3 ys Vs ^/a ^3^^3 ^s ^. 's 5^^- ^/.> ^3 V3 Vj
h Vj V3 Vi "yj 5i -5^ V3 ^sVa ^i Vs Vs Vs Vj Vs Vj ^j %
"/S "/S Vj V3 ^3 ^3 % y3 ^3 V3 "ys "^^^3 ^3 ^3 ^3 Ys Vs
ELEANOR
%
F. DUCKWORTH
 !
: """' .' .,.".>':'.' '.
: . ,
- . -

KM Grand Avenue, Kansas City, Mo.

n«. 5

Cbe nervous System, and nerve Control

It is not my purpose to attempt to deal with this subject in full. I leave this for specialists on the subject, but I do want to call
attention to a few points wherein tiie nervous system bears directly upon writing.
The brain is the center of the nervous system, the different nerves radiating from it to all parts of the body. They are sympathetic,
so that if one is affected it is immediately transferred to the brain, and others are thus affected by it. Therefore, the condition of the
mind has much to do with the nerves. A troubled or excited mind is perceptible througliout the entire nervous system. To illustrate,
a poor writer unaccustomed to the use of the pen, attempts to write and at once his hand l>egins to tremble, and the lines from the pen
are shaky — when ordinarily the person is not nervous. Why the change? The mind is cognizant of inability to handle the pen
skillfully, hence becomes troubled, thus troubling the nervous system. Again, the student of writing has gained fair control of his
nerves in ordinary writing, but when his teacher looks over his shoulder, the nerves become troubled, having been notified by the brain
that a critic is looking on; or he attempts to address an envelope, having a desire to show off liis penmanship favorably, the nerves
suddenly rebel and his very poorest work is the result. Why? The brain is aware of inability, a lack of confidence, an uncertainty, a
wavering, or he is made angry in some way, and the whole nervous system is in turmoil, and not easily quieted. If he attempts to
write while in this condition he does well if he makes the lines readable. Tlius much of the nervousness complained of is not a general
nervousness caused from exhaustion, ill health or old age, but a temporary, spasmodic nervousness that leaves almost as quickly
as it comes.

Uleali nerve Toree

Physiologies tell us they don't know what nerve force is. Hflwever, I believe every student of penmanship can understand the
difference between weak and strong nerve force. Of shaky, zigzag writing, we say it is weafc, and of smooth, unbroken writing, we say
it is strong. The penmanship critic can tell the difference as easily as he can tell black from white.
In this I can speak only for myself, but I'm a firm believer in physical exercise as a nerve strengthener. From Steele's Physiology
I quote the following: " The mind grows by what it feeds on. One who lolls on the sofa or worries through the platitudes of an idle or
fashionable life decays mentally. His system loses tone, and physical weakness follows mental poverty. On the other hatid, an
excessive use of the mind withdraws force from the body, whose weakness, reacting on the brain, produces gradual deca>' and serious
diseases. The brain grotrs bj' the zrotrth of the body. The body iron's throiigli good food, fresh air, and irork, and rest in
sttitabie proportion.
Many penmen avoid all physical exercise of the right arm, in the belief that it would be detrimental to their penmanship. This
may be true, but with me the opposite is true. My strongest, dashiest work is done when I feel strong and vigorous after physical
exercise. Hoeing, chopping wood, carpenter work, farming, or, in fact, any kind of physical exercise of the arms, is g d for my pen-
manship, provided, of course, it is not carried to exhaustion. When writing, after such exercise, I am somelimes a little unsteady at
first, but I'm soon over it and can then write with strength and precision.
General Nervousness may be caused in many ways. Much of it may easily be overcome, while some can't. Loss of sleep is a great
nerve disturber. Sleep is as necessary as food. It is scarcely necessary to mention food in this connection as few ever go long enough
without food for hunger to affect the nerves, but many, too many, neglect sleep. Personally, nothing I encounter affects my nerves
as loss of sleep.
We all know, in fact it is undisputed that alcoholic drinks, even in moderation, is very injurious to the nervous system, and racks
itentirely when used habitually. Tobacco in any form, and narcotics are injurious. Many contend that an occasional cigar does no
perceptible injury; possibly it doesn't, but I consider them injurious enough forme to leave alone. As for tea and coffee, if they do no
harm, I'm sure they do no good. They are much like tobacco and liquor— just satisfy an acquired taste. I touched neither tea norcoffee
once for five years, and though I occasionally drink a cup now, it is seldom, AU nervovisness caused by the above can b? overcome by
abstinence from the cause.
 If you would have a steady hand, take care of the body, so that all conditions may be favorable. Then'exercise the will power to
the extent that it may assist in driving the pen with precision. Don't, however, expect to be absolutely steady of nerve every day, for
that is impossible. Even the best penmen have their "off days" when nerves are unruly and refuse to obey the will. There is, however,
nervousness as the result of ill health or inheritance with which some are aiTflicted, that seems beyond their ability to overcome. With
any such I sympathize, and would recommend them to a competent specialist on such diseases.
Uarmony
Most capital letters have but one shade, and no letter is often given more than two shades. Occasionally a letter looks well with
more than two shades, but they should be so placed that they harmonize and balance the letter. Hair lines should be fine and uniform
in size. They should cross other lines as nearly at right angles as possible, and when running parallel never close enough to conflict.
Thoroughly master the work of this lesson even though it should require longer than you expect.

^I^

SPECIMENS OF CABU WRITING BY L. E. GERHOLD, RURAL VALLEY, PA.

 ^^^^ud/n^dy^/iu^Oh- ^
Best of its Hind. Wanted, Position as Solicitor
sis=se:^..^^^^^^a^
m^iaSi
Sf^ With an A No. 1 school Several yean' success-
Enclosed find list of subscriptions with
remittance for same. I have come to the ful experience.
Specimens conclusion that your paper is the best of its School must be straight as I do straight busi-
kind published, and will do all I can to in- ness on straight salary. No commission bttsiness
[2e(;ei\'(ul crease its subscription list. with its evil consequences. References.
K. R. Miller,
LI Com'l Dept. W. Va. University. Address. "STRAKinT,"
Keyser, \V. V'a. Care Business Edtcator.
H. J. 'Ennis, Portland, Ore., renews his
subscription to The Bl'SINESS Educatok
and also encloses some specitnens of very
well executed ornamental penmanship.
Mr. Ennis writes a st\'le that is bold and
graceful, and his work possesses marked
FROM HIRAM TO POUGHKEEPSIE
Individuality.
A year or two ago a young man, then a student defraying his own expenses at Hirnni Collecre.
Ohio, wrote ni" about my correspondence instruction in penmanship. He wrote to others also,
Mr. S. E. Leslie, Penman in the Eastman but after carefully considering the matter he decided to enroll as a student of Mills' Corn spond-
College of Poughkeepsie. N. Y., favors us ence School of Penmanship. He not only decided to enroll, but he did so and began work at
from time to time with subscriptions, and once and work-ed faithfully. After finishing the business writing course he was so well pleased
with his last lot enclosed a package of cards that he enrolled for the ornamental work as well. Through my i"structions by mail he is now
from his skillful pen, which show a profes- the penman of the great Eastman Business College at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Mr. Leslie is giving
sional command that many would like to excellent satisfaction as a teacher. Mr. Leslie says
possess. Mr. Leslie's penmanship seems to
;

•'
I want to thank you most sincerely for the influence you used in securing ine this position.
be on the improve, his ornamental nearly I feel that it was wholly through you that I sccur. d it. Prof. Gaines is a great admirer of your
equalling his business, which, as lias been writing. I am following quite closely the course of business writing I took from you with my
stated heretofore, is quite Mills-like in classes- I feel quite confident of success in this new position and am liking my work very much."
character. Mr. Leslie worked up his penmanship during his spare time only. You liiay be ab e to do as
well. If can aid you in securing a good position I shall be only too glad to do so. Many desir-
A number of very well written cards, I

able schools are anxious for the students I train in penmanship. "Send stamp for full particulars
white ink on colored stock, have been re- today, not tomorrow.
ceived from Miles K. Staller, Mount Carmel. ^ ^ MILLS, 195 Grand Avc, Rochester, N. Y.
Pa. Mr. Staller swings the pen like a pro-
fessional, many of tlie cards being excep-
tionally pleasing. Undoubtedly Mr. Staller
could become one of the finest penn'an in BY THE SKILLFUL A. D. SKEELS, TEACHER IN TEMPLE COLLEGE.
the country if he should give the work the
necessary attention. PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Mr. H. K. Williams, Portland, Ore., en-
closed his subscription in a beautiful writ-
ten letter, which for accuracy measures up
considerably above the average received
at this oflHce.

Ceaehers ttlanted
In one of the largest Pacific Coast Busi-
ness Colleges. One educated, moral, pro-
gressive, aggressive, teacher of Gregg Short-
hand and Touch Typewriting. A man with
a national reputation preferred.
One educated, moral, progressive, aggress-
ive teacher of Bookkeeping, penmanship,
(all branches, including mechanical draw-
ing), arithmetic, grammar, commercial law,
etc. The man engaged for the bookkeeping
position must be capable of doing modern
engrossing and designing. No person who
does not possess the above named qualifica-
tions, is not of good address, and does not -^li£>^--^^_*^!^f»->^:7--Z^^^^Z,-^,^^«-<^^
wear stylish, tailor-made clothes, need ap-
ply. Send photograph, give references, ex-
perience, etc., in the first letter. The posi-
tions will be open in August, 1905. Address,
W., care Business Educator, Columbus, O. ^y7^?'2,^>t<:i^t

^^C^'-'tyi''C^n..^:>zz-'P'z.'t^^^€^/>tz^

i^:i^«<?2<iJ^Z<^^-Z<5^'3'Z?^

C/i^.v-i'-rCt.a-e-Ttt a.-rz^ 7iu,-^-£t-d^^i,t-^^ ^c*^^^ ii^i.£!,.7-7^ yT^-e^t, ^ttt^ ,ry>^ C^^l-e- /SM.^iO'yt.^,^ €^et-t^^c-a-i<rr
I \
 f^^^Ui^/ne^^(/ifu^iiX^ ^
WANTPn-
Vw n tU III
A competent teacher
penmanship who can as-
.
of

sist in some other department. Address,

DR. W. M. CARPENTER,
PKIN. BKYANT & STKOTTON COLLCCI,
ST. LOUIS, MO.

STOCK CUTS

NIGHTttSCHOOL
BY J. A. CARNEY, IRON CITY COLLEGE, PITTSBURGH, PA.

Fills the Bill eomplet«ly. /\ I ^i\ for an Aluminum Card

Enclosed find $1 for the Professional
Vrilljr %^W
engraved on cover,
THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR one bright and shiny, and 1 dozen cards written
Edition of plain or ornamental. Terms to agents for
year. I feel it a necessity, as I have never red stamp. Address,
happened on anything which fills the bill so
completelj' as your magazine. A. R,. tIAMPSON,
J. A. FURSE, 163 Neil Street, : : Columbus, Ohio
Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.
Principal Furse Soo Business College.
The Card Writer Spencerian and bank-note script; and letter-
Writes cards at ing; and 2 columns; 150 captions, 60c, 75c,
Francis B. Courtney 15c. per dozen. $1.00.
1
Send for catalog.
u 1
u. Morris, A^ny Style, any
Haoawrltlng Spaolmllst Mt. III
III.
name. Fine and THE KINSLEY STUDIO,
Expert Microscopic Examiner of Forged sure to please. Order today.
24S Broadway, New York
and Questioned Writing.
LA CROSSE. WIS.,
C>re F. J. ToUnd.
=^
Vhv oo TO "comceB" — /^
TO LEARN BOOK-KEEPING
WHEN WILL MAKE A I Are You the Man
Jir5t-Clas$Bo«k4^ceper
iiF Y(H' .*T VOIK OWX and Do You Want to Grow as We Grow ?
HOMK II) six neeka for $» or
AFraM^>' REXriJN 510NEY. Fairenougli?
-=£21'^ I And POSITIOXS, too. errry.
wtiere. FREE! Have pl.iced THOCSAJJDS. Per-
fiaps can place Yor, too! O.T4tS testimonials There must be a goodly number of men who read this paper,
receivc.1 from irapiln! SA TE THIS AXD WRITE.
who are qualified for a position with us, and we want several
of that goodly number.

We need men who want a broader scope for their energies,

men who have the talent and have never had a good chance to
SPENCERIAN use

our hands.
it.

The fruit of
It
our business is
must be hand picked.
not so ripe that
Every
it will fall into
bit of it. What
The Standard of CTCpi DF\1C is it?
Excellence for ij CCL r Ll^i3
We are negotiating for several business schools These
I
over forty years
properties are focated fn Eastern cities of 40,000, 300,000, 330,000,
375,000,and 1,500,000 population respectively. We need men
who have the ability to become managers, principals and heads
of departments, and who have money to invest.

If interested, write, giving your age, weight, height,

experi-
ence, nationality, where educated, qualifications, single or
mar-
ried, send copy of letters of recommendation, photograph,
state
you can teach and which you prefer, state
fully what subjects
what salary you would expect and the very earliest time you
could enter upon duties, the amount of money you would be
able to invest and how soon the funds would be available.
as we can ascertain fully about you and your \vork
As soon
we be glad to furnish you with proper information about
will
ourselves and our plans. We shall treat all correspondence as
strictly confidential and will ask you to treat our
communica-
tions likewise.
Select a pen tor gour writing from
Be sure to furnish explicit information as above requested.
a sample card of special numbers for cor-
Enclose your letter in stamped envelope for remailing.
respondence. 12 pens for JOc, postpaid.
Address, School Corporation,
SPENCERIAN PEN CO. Care ZAITER & BLOSER, Colnmbns, OUo.

349 Broadway. NEW YORK ClTl

^
\
Cj2,>i,.^yre^^u^r^ a^^W 7ic^-^^MAA.^^ .^<^^^£ C^l-a^^T^ y},^^^ /^ -^^ <y^i^73MM>>^^4^£i:i^*^c^'''^<^ \
 i:$i»li/''

i£L..

L^^i^'t^^^/C^^.^t'i-t.-tpe.^^
^-^-^ n^i'-T-'t.'t^r ^-^r^' ^\

GEMS IN LINE AND SBADE BY THE LATE C. C. CANAN.

IT IS $3 shades— mellow and

.
soft
but firm hair lineb It
c
j The Pratt Teachers* Agency, [ -^ /^Ss T - UNOaf) THE SUN I!

\ style
i to beautiful writing.

and etching i
70 Fifth Avenne, New York,
!-ipt made to order— cuts that Recommend! colleee and normal frada-
z quality. atea, apecialiBtB, and other teachers to col- /i NEW f.';AoaZINE FOR
BUY THE INK. and improve your Writing. leeei, •ohooli. and families. I
TEAOHCRfi- STUDENTS- ARTISTS
L.MADARASZ, !p£Nr^tN- i>E\roTLa excLusivny to
1281 Third Ave., New York. The A^ncy receiTes many calls for com- PCfjM/iNSHiP-SKCrrtiirjo-LCrreai'JC-
mercial teachers from public and private MOD£RN ART- f/oo AYEAR 10
schools,and business colleges, i A COPY- SAMPLE FRLE-5£NCt FORO^:
WM. O. PRATT. Manacer EMBREE PRINTING CO PUBLISHfRS
I"*? ARTISTIC PENCIL POINTER
Guides your Knife and Makes a Beaulifulty
Tapered Point.

Posttiofis Vmf tiled

"V OTWITHSTANDING our appeals (and they've been answered, too, by a large numl
of teachers) we still have more calls for teachers of commercial branches, shorthai
penmanship, etc than we can fill.
,

We've been surprised at the number of between-season calls that have come to
November and December furnished them daily. Schools have increasing numbers
iiore teachers is the one daily cry.
we be fixed on January 1st, when the sch pre
after the holiday week And we'll hati to open our ail
'i xt spring and
I (

the avalanche-time conies. Hence out paration, and appeals to teachers. Our list of
good teachers enrolled grows daily, but ore — always more.

Our rree Registration Offer

stillholds good. e will waive the $2 registration fee and allow this to be paid with our
4 jier cent comr ission (one half in 30 days, one half in 60 days after beginning work).
This oft'er applies ( ly to those who, after investigation, we accept as suitable candidates
for our lists.
It costs nothing to investigate and nothing to enroll. You may feel that yon don't
need our service to secure a place. That may be so but there may be a dozen better places
;

on our lists, all of which are open to you. ready for vour choice. Our advantage is, we
sweep the entire field. Don't delay. Write today for blanks.
Onr Scbool Exchanize Department negotiates the sale of school property and forms
partnerships 27 schools from Maine to California for sale.
;

The Kinsley Commercial Teachers' Bureau

Opposite City Hall Subway Station
STEVENSOB'S STUDIO, WM. J, KINSLEY, Manager 245 Broadway, NEW YORK
Suite 3, Grand Opera Hoase Bid;., Cincinnati, n,

I
C^:i'!^^'TCciLi^T^ a^n-c/ ^9e^-^.^i<i^.^<>y ..e«*t^ C^uz^n^ .^2^.<ni^ <::^^ve.7BM.<u^^x^^^£^ei<^yo<i-i<rT-
I
 f^^fSBudmeM^^iUu^i^r' ^
some movement work from two of his pupils, the work received is among the best we
Miss Pearl Albright and Miss Elizabeth have seen for some time. Among those
Penman, which show unusually thorough whose work deserves a special mention are
training. The work is creditable alike to the following: C. L. McConaughey and E.L.
teacher and pupils, and we hope to present Lee. Come again.
students' some of the same in an early number of
The Business Educator. Mr. Hague is Several hundred specimens of students'
Specimens an enthusiastic supporter of THE BUSINESS practice upon figures and capitals are at
Educator and with it as an aid he is hand by prepaid express from W. N. Currier
arousing enthupiasm and securing results of the Rider, Moore and Stewart's Schools
of which he might well be proud. of Business, Trenton, X. J, In all the years
we have been examining specinren's we
From the Cornwall, Out.. Coinniercial Col- Some of the best retrace movement exer- have never seen as much good work from
lege we receive*! a nice-sized packajje of cises received at this office for many a day one school done at one time. Tlie speci-
students' specimens in business writing, is at hand from Mr. M. A. Smythe. Teacher mens are so uniformly excellent that if we
indicating that more than usual interest is of Penmanship in the National Business were to mention names of all whose work
being manifested in this art in that school. College, Koanoke. Va. Moreover, this work deserve mention, this page would scarcely
The work throughout is good; it also indi- was done by pupils four weeks after school hold them. Most of the packages w^ere de-
cates that the instruction given in that opened. It is a pleasure to examine work voted to figures and we have taken the
institution is very close to that being given of this character. \Ve hope to present some pleasure of clipping three six-line speci-
in The Business Educatok. Among of these exercises in an early number of mens from the many full foolscap pages
those whose work evidences exceptional The Business Educat(^r. They are high- submitted, and engraved them for this
care and freedom in movement may be ly creditable, alike to teacher and pupils. number. They will give you a fair idea of
mentioned the following: William Liddle, Some of the very best were from the rollow^- the excellence of the work done. There
Mamie Blanchard, John L. Macnaughton, ing: A. M. Toler", G. C. Toler, E. H. Hampton, were some better specimens, but the ink
T'rancie Mclntosii and Martha Harrington. Fannie S Dowdy S. K. Snedegar, Marie was not so engravable as the ones w^e se-
Brosius, Frank A. Dillon Grace Cheatham, lected. The uniformity of theentire page is
iSuccess awaits these pupils. not shown as we present them, which was
Blanche Bowser, Minnie Lavender, E. S.
Mr. W. S. Seyler, Proprietor of the Hazel- Dennis, E. E. Eplinsy, R. F. Moore, C. S. one of the beauties of the work done by all.
ton, Pa., Business College, again favors us Dowdy. G. D. Liudsev, C. A. Preston, Mack The pages are marvels of neatness and
with a specimens indicating that
bundle of Harmon, M. Payne, Etta Webb, Grace Car- compactness, as well as plainness and ac-
a large number of his pupils are working penter. curacy. You will do well to write to Currier
for some of the work his students are doing
faithfully and intend winning THE BUSI-
H. E. Wassell of the Aurora. Nebr., Busi- daily. They will give new inspiration of
NESS Educator certificate. Miss Alice ness College, mailed us specimens of busi- the possibilities of good writing on the part
JDavis submitted work which indicates that
ness writing from the students of that of every student who enters a business
she intends to see what the top looks like, institution, clearly indicating that prac- school. We hereby congratulate the school,
and had her specimen been written in tical penmanship is being taught there and the instructor, and the pupils upon the ex-
black ink the same would hav^e been en-
graved. Miss Mary H Gallagher and Mr. that the pupils are acquiring it. Some of cellence of the work being done.
Arthur Kraus are also doing splendid work.
Mr. W. R. Hill, Crisfield, Md.. submits
specimens of business writing from three
of his students, Messrs. Oliver S. Horsey,
Joseph Sterling, and W. C. Holland, which
indicate that all are getting the right kind
of instruction, and that they are following
liim quite faithfuUjs thereby winning a
graceful handwriting. It is only a question
of time until these boys are going to capture
The Business Educator Certificate.
And, what is still better, they are develop-
ing habits of perseverence. concentration,
neatness and industry, which will stand by
them in other things all through life.
C. E. Lowder, Penman in the Metropolitan
Business College, Minneapolis, Minn., fa-
vored us with some movement exercises by
his pupils, revealing the fact that he is
delivering arm movement goods in first-
class c.»ndition, the work of the following
being exceptionally fine: Jessie Woodward,
Beatrice Jones, Charles Dudley, W. C.
Eicbler and A. H. Holmquist. Our con-
gratulations are hereby extended to all
concerned.
We received a very creditable six-page
calendar, which is the wrork of the students
in the Osage, la., Public Schools under the
supervision and instruction of Miss Bess
Velie, whose artistic title page adorns the
same. The sanre has been photo engraved
and well printed on tinted cardboard. Each
calendar contains class pictures and humor-
•ous drawings. ^^Cd<^

Mr. J, Scott Clay, Penman and Commer-

cial Teacher in Bingham School, Mebane,
N. C, favored us with a large package of
specimens of students' penmanship which
ehow^ a good movemeotthroughout, as well
as a fair form. Mr. Clay is a faithful, level-
beaded teacher, and his instruction neces-
sarily partakes of these characteristics.
Miss Margaret Chandler sent the best work,
and enough to indicate that she could be-
come a professional penman, ^hich we
hope she will. All tlie work sent is good.

IIea.clix:^^s
I h ally fine
line ofheadings for busi
ness college advertising.
Cuts of tliese headings T
otTer to the public for the
first time at the following
prices:
Newspaper. 60c; $3 per doz
Catalogue, $1 each.

G. S. HEHBERSOlf.
106 W.64th St. Hew York.
 v^^^ud/^t^dA^iSf^iu^iiSpr* ^
City, price 25 cents, is the title of the 62-page field ofusefulness, that of the grammar
series of books in the well-known Isaac grades in the public schools, for which it is
Pitmanic shorthand, and which are intend- intended. The intention of the authors
ed to follow No. 1 series. The shorthand has been the creation of a course in busi-
has been skillfully engraved and well ness methods rather than in bookkeeping,
printed, making it a hand book that is and they have succeeded in theirendeavors
pleasing as well as practical. in a most admirable manner. All of the
ordinary forms and documents used in
"Manuel de Fonogratia Espanola, by business are here illustrated in facsimile.
Guillermo Parody (adapted to the Isaac The first subject treated is that of Letter
Pitman Shorthand) published by Isaac Writing, after which are fifteen chapters
Pitman *5c Sons, 31 Union Square, New York abridged as follows: Bills, Invoices, etc.;
"Gems in Penmanship," by C. C. Canan, City. 120 pages, cloth bound, price $150 Banking; Promissory Notes, Interest, etc.
postpaid. To any one interested in Spanish Drafts: General Postal Information; Peti-
is the latest work from this past master's and Pitman sliorthand this book would tions, Powerof Attorney, etc. Railroad and
in press when he passed
having been ;
pen, it
doubtless prove of interest and value. It Express Business; Contracts, etc.; Mer-
from Price 25 cents. It contains six-
us. appears to us to be one of the most ingen- chandise Sales, etc.; Partnership and In-
teen pages of his work, comprising verses, ious, as well as one of the most practical surance Deeds and Mortgages ; United
notes, signatures, etc., in business and presentations of shorthand we have ever
;

States Land Surveying; and Wills and

ornamental penmanship. It is covered in seen, being somewhat out of the ordinary Settling of Estates. Following the regular
gray, and is well worth the price asked. run of such books. chapters are a list of Signs, Abbreviations,
Orders for _. .,
'
I addressed to his etc.; also a list of Commercial Words and
mother, Mrs. Thos. anan, Bradford, Pa., " Mack's Rational Shorthand," a Con- Phrases with Suggestions to the teacher
251Congress St. nective vowel system for everybody,, by and a very complete index. The book is
J. Barry Mack and Stella Vernon Gaskill. substantially bound in boards and contains
"The Eaton & Burnett Theoretical and published by the Rational Publishing Co., 272pages. It is profusely illustrated, many
Practical Bookkeeping," by A. H. Eaton, Moncton. N. B., is the title of a new claim- colors having been employed in the print-
Attorney-at-law, Consulting Accountant, ant for public favor and patronagein the ^ ing, wliich is well done. It is such a book
and President Eaton & Burnett Bus-
of the shorthand world. Mr. Mack formerly pub- that every young person should possess.
iness College, published by A. H. Eaton & lished the National Penman, and has
Co., Baltimore, Md. It contains 258 pages, brought to to bear upon the shorthand
printed on fine book paper, and substan- question the same skill and untiring in-
tially bound in boards, with numerous dustry that he brought to the subject We have filled
script and other illustrations. It is espec- of penmanship some years ago. As a
ially arranged for use in business and high result he has a ne^v system, and while MANY POSITIONS
schools, as well as for self instruction, and he does not claim that it is all new, he does
as a reference book for the counting house. claim to have produced a system that is
After examining the book we find it meets better than the best. After giving it a trial
those needs most admirably. Tiie classi- in his schools he is convinced of its prac-
fication of accounts is excellent and the ticability and staying qualities. Its gen-
BEST BUSINESS COLLEGES
work proceeds very carefully step by step eral appearance gives us the impression
from the simple to the complex, each suc- that it is composite of a number of systems. during the past season and still
ceeding step unfolding new information, Those interested will do well to correspond have PLENTY OF PLACES for
tliereby encouraging the pupil, and lielping witli the publishers, as above.
him as well. The script has the actual FIRST CLASS TEACHERS.
business swing to it, indicating that tlie " A First Book
Business Methods," bv
in
one who wrote it is not only a skillful pen- \Vm. P. Teller, Credit Man, the Puritan FREE REGISTRATION if you men-
man, but a practical one as well. The final Manufacturing Company, Kalamazoo,
chapters entitled "Characters and Abbre- Michigan, and Henry E. Brown, formerly tion tiiis paper.
viations" and "Mercantile Terms" are head of the Commercial Department, now
especially valuable, the latter being one of Principal. of the Rock Island (Illinois) High
the best we have ever seen. School. Published by Rand, McNally & Continental Teachers' Agency,
Co., Chicago, New
York, and London. Boiwllntf Green, Ky.
"Pitman's Shorthand Reading Lessons This is a new
book, and if we mistake not
No. 2, by Isaac Pitman and Sons, New York is destined to be a pioneer w^ork in the new

"JUST THE THING" ; of Shorthand who ha

We Can Print
your catalog, booklet, announcement, circular, etc., in a
THE manner which will attract attention where ever it goes.
We have had 57 years in the printing business and know
Phonographic Amanuensis, just how to go about it.

A Presentation of Pitman Phonography, More Commercial School Work

Especially Adapted to the Use of Business and
Other Schools Devoted to the Instruction and isour specialty and we have every facility for turning
Training of Shorthand Amanuenses. out your work on short notice. Our prices are low in
comparison with those of other printing houses doing
By JEROME B. HOWARD. the same grade of work.
With a Prefatory Note by

BENN PITMAN. We Pay the Freight

very complete and sim pic— in {:ict,jusi the ihing. L. H. Amri-ne,
It is — orders east of the Mississippi and half the freight
Central Branch, Voting Men's Christian Association, St, Louis, Mo. on all
The " Phonographic Amanuensis" is iust the thing that I have been to all points farther west.
j</ii«//«,f for a long time. I shall adopt it hi-rt;i(ler in mv school— t. A.
Snapf, Principal, Portsmouth Business College, I'ortsnuuth, I'a.
The "Pho
ing /or for th- .Tst fi It ill
Send for Booklet
the teacher '
stu -Sister Salome, St. Teresa's Acadewy, Ea
St Louis, /I,
telling what we can do for you and how we go about it.

I recognij! :cl the "Phonographic the

hook I have a'-ifavs -svanted. -nA I have used it constantly sine
me.— .^«/,,j .1/ Beat. Br,K-kt.>n High School, Brockton. Mass
Hundreds of others.
Cloth, $1.00. Examination copy will be sent for forty
cents to any teacher who will wi ite mentioning the
Morrison Bros.
school with which he is connected, and the
(Saccessors to A &: 0. Morrion
name of the text-book he is now using.
Designers, Printers and Publishers,
THE PHONOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE COMPANY 239 Essex St. LAWRENCE, MASS,
CINCINNATI, O.
V J
\Cfi;Cv-i^ri{^l.^^T^ cz^TT^ Ticc^-^t^dyA-t'^M -i-ifi,^ i/z.d.'n^ .^y-enc- /Trr y'-n-d'TT.-Ct-^ryz-i-'n^ <:^fi.e.73,et^.i->z.£iidCclUc'e>et.^!^r?'
[
 ^^^^u^/u^d4k&/ifu^a/ir* ^
madder, toned with Chinese white. The
green should be of the pale olive shade,
obtained by mixing yellow ochre and Prus-
sian blue. Shell gold was used on this
Lessons in Wash Drawing initial, applied with a brush as previously
explained.
and Engrossing. In applying the color it is necessary to
obtain evenness of tone, and in order to
E. L. BROWN, ROCKLAND, MAINE. acquire this result it is necessary to handle
m the color quickly. Do not let the edges dry
before the color is carried to its proper place.
The color should dry with a fiat, velvetv
no. 9 surface, and be free from streaks and spots.
Cut the colors in with clear black lines.
Hit ion: FirPt in order is the aia Use ruling pen and square for all straight
terial. Aside from the drawing board, lines. A Soennecken pen, dumber 5, can jave on hand a very limited number
T-square, ruling pens, pencils, traciuK also be used in the place of the ruling pen. of copies of the Xew Spencerian Conipend-
paper, etc.. the outfit should include an Add the white lines last. iunx of Penmanship in book form —the last
agate burnisher, to be used in enriching We trust that tliese few suggestions will of the edit ion of the greatest of all com pen d-
gold grounds, three or four red sable at least intere;-t tlie student in this fascin- iumsr.f penmau'-hip.
brushes, which have a pencil point when ating art, and we will add that actual prac- The initial cost of thi; work WPS upwards
filled with color. tice will do more for the learner than anv- of $10,000.00 and no mor will be published,
Colors: Gamboge, cadmium yellow, thing else. No matter how many essavs as the cost is too great ; id the demand too
lemon j^ellow. crimson lake, rt)se madder, .vou may read on the subject, you absolute'ly limited.
In<lian red. vermilion, cobalt. Prussian blue. need tlie actual experience. It contains the cream of the instruction
Hooper's green Xo. 2. burnt sienna, Van- and skill of the Spencerian Authors when
dvck brown, vellow ocre. lamp black and they were in their prime, and is a penman-
Chinese white. ship library in itself— an inexhaustable
Gobi which is the most convenient to u«e Voung Engrosser Ulanted. source of inspiration for the pen worker.
is called "sliell gold.'' as it can be applied He who intends doing anything with pen-
with brush like ordinary color. A <le«irable opening in an engrosser's manship cannot afford to be without this
Aluminum \-^ used in preference to silver, udio for a young man with talent for pen- work, an (I on the other hand, he who intends
as it never change* its lustre, and silver anship as applied to the execution of Kes- doing little or nothing with penmanship
turns black after a time. utions. Vote.-* of Thanks. Diplomas, etc. cannot afford to have it.
Parchment is used for the best illumi- u-^t possess integritv of character, indus- Although not generally known, this work
nated work, but beginners should not ious habits, and be witling to start at a is the constant companion of the leading
attempt to work on parchment until they oderate salarj' and work up. A promising penmen. A few years ago Madarasz had
have had considerable experience in lUuni- turefor a promising young man. Address two copies and offered to sell one for $12.50,
inatingon paper. However, we w-ill present ith samples of work, stating age. qualifica- but stated that $50 would not buy the other.
an example nf illumination on parchment ms and salary. Samples returned if de- We positively have secured the last of the
later in the course, explaining how it was red. C. L. RICKETTS, edition, and no more can be had at any
done. The student must bear in mind that First Nat'l Bank. Chicago. III. price. Many think a copy will be worth
the beauty of illuminated work is lost in re- $25 in a few years from now.
production, even the relative color values That the book maybe doing good work,
cannot always be shown in the black and we have concluded to sell some of them for
white reproductions.
First lay off the initial R in pencil, and
Specimen of Wa.sh Dra.>vin^ $7.50 per copy by express, or $7.95 per copy
prepaid. Later the price will have to be ad-
aim good drawingand proportions.
to obtain Fresh from the Brush. vanced. Now is the time to secure a copy
When the sketch is finished transfer to the of this never-to-be-parted-with book.
drawing paper by the usual tracing process. If you are interested send 2c stamp for same. Address, ZANER &c BloSER, Columbus, O.
Mix the colore as follows: For the purple IF YOU WANT THE
use Prussian blue and rose madder, and
add Chinese white to give that raised.
HY. C. WAI^KER, The GREATEST OF COMPENDIUMS
velvety effect. Red. vermilion and rose 5585 Vernon Ave. ST. LOVIS, MO. Address ZAIVERIAN COLLEGE. Columbus, 0.

''''"\"^ -
-AND

''
IN AN LiP TO DATt

mflDMR
B^
e)::v(^\^vnu.
 STRIKING CONTRASTS IN PEN TECHNIC BY JIESSRS. P. w. COSTELLO, SCRANTON, PA., AND G. 8. HENDERSON, N. r. CITY.

BLANK CARDS AND PAPER. The Best is None too Good for Me
Send Samples and Price List.
for
Good grade of Student's Practice Paper, either For nearly twenty sears I have aouebt
wide or ordinary rnling. §1.26 per lOOO Bheets. for the best material for fine penmanship.
ONE DOZEN CARDS, elegantly written id It the cards
in mr best style. 26c. Tamblvn's Glossy Black
Ink Powder, for one pt. of fine ink, 35c. Powder
Norway Wadding
for bottle of fine White Ink, 2.')c.
F. W. XAMBL-YPf, GILLOTT'S PENS,
T8B HOST PBRPBCT OF FBHS,
English
Bristol, white. $1.13 per
Bristol. 13 colors, .90pert000
1000

III4 Grand Ave. KANSAS CITY. MO. By expresF. not prepaid.

HAVE GAINED THE
GRANDParis Exposition, 1900.
PRIZE, of
For 10 cents, I will send you a full line
samples and throw in three or four cards
hot from my pen. showing these cards to
be unequalled for brilliant shades and
fUa Is the Hlffbest Prize ever Awarded to Peos^ ity ha
F. S. HEATH.
50 Dunklee Street. Concord, N. H.

It is None too Good for You

fT ^
Faust's Automatic Shading Pens Are the Best
l^i
Know We
How to Manufacture
File These Peas,
— Document Also
— Leg&l Blank FAUST'S
Card Record
—Credit Report SHADING-
— Deposit Tickets Pf /V //V«S
— Insurance Policies d FAUST'S
— Books — Report!
— Sanvples —Check; PATENT
— Clippings —Invoices MYOGRAPH.
— Notes—Letters— Papers
Simply check the Uei
terest you most—write

Weare wholeeale and retail dealers in all kinds of Penmanship Specialties, Writing Pens,
Cards. Card Board, Fine Inks, Oblique Holders, etc. Everything needed by students or pro-
fessional penmen.
We have just issued a fine, large, illustrated catalogue. Send for it.
or factory lietail. And do it NOW.
THE Smw-WALKER rOMPWT, 3Iiiste»on.
^raQch at Chicago id the
MI«h.
Marquette Building.
^
AUTO PEN 6l ink MFG. CO., 40 DEARBORN ST. CHICAGO.

I
C^^C^f-e^-T-Cc^t^yT^ a.'-TZ^ ^icC.^-£c^i^Z.£^'7^ ..4.4/-L.^£, <^^i4iCZ--^»^^ ^UAP~U^ C^t£. ^^cc^d^eyyl.^.^i^^^^^^'<'€y€'€X'^<rr:
|
 ^^^^ud^n^U^i^i^lfu^Uir* ^

MBGBEFemeJK

CAN YOU BEAT THIS? A little book, pocket

size, showing how to do
1 dozen white or assorted colored cards neatly
written or flourished, and an aluminum card
SHORT CDTS. with half the figures and
case with name richly engraved for 25 cents. in half the time all of those little calculations
Hints and Uelps in Lettering, which we must figure out every day. Everything
Postage 2 cents.
100 primed cards and case as above. 39 cents. Designing, Etc from Addition to Interest and Discount. Its
Joker cards 10c a dozen— with name 20c — each worth is attested by the fact that its author is
one different. One dozen jokers gratis with SCRIHNER, Beltcii now and has been for years the specialist in this
an order of two dozen written cards at 25 cts. branch at the Eastman Business College. Price,
Postage 2 cents. cloth, 50c. Address,
L. E SCHMITT. GEO. A. DEEL, Poughkeepsic, N. Y.
2040 E. Baltimore St., Baltimore, Md.
Cessoti no. 9
Row In this lessonwe have an alphabet some-
HDout a fine Artistic Writer; to know
what new. It is based on the medial style.
all about Card Writing to
It can be used to advantage in a great many
Your learn Engrossing or to t^ke a
;
;

wavs. It may be made quite compact, or

open, and still retain the strength and char-
for my new book acter. Notice the middle barof K, F, G, how
" How to Become a Good Pen- it connects with the other perpendicular
man." It's free and tells all about how you can line, also that all the tops and bottoms con-
Uarnby mail. F. W. TAMBLYN, cards won first prize at Mo. 1903 State Fair,
nect, or unite. For convenience, let us call and they are but 2nc per dozen. If vou love
1114 GRAND AVE KANSAS CITY, MO. it the " United Alphabet." fine penmanship, send lodav to C W. RAH-
Notice the second line of letters. In out- SOM, lail-M Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo.
WEAVER'S Correspondence School of Pen- line, they were all made free hand, no ruler
manship and Drawing, Mt. Morris, Ills , being used. In the last word "Unite "you
Offers the best instructions in the various will find one or two ways of ornamenting,
branches of Penmanship and Drawing. or finishing letters. You can also invent
Write today for fnll partlcnlars. many more. The initial A suggests a good PENMEN'S SOUVENIR
way to make a strong letter. A little volume of 36 pages, hound in heavy covet
paper. The following penmen are representt'd,
Pencil all letters carefully first. Add ink Crowther, Moore, Zaner, Canan, Mills, Valentine,
sparingly and skillfully. Outline letters Bode, Hallett and Stone. Send for a copy and see
first, then fill in black with brush. This howZaner writescards. Price SSc. prepaid
keeps surface of paper smooth. Outline CARDS PRINTED WRITTEnT
lUOLutle Jokers
& BLANK
the letters with a Gillott's 303 pen. SOc. 100 Rag-time 23c. 100 Birds 3."k-.
J4 fancy written S.ic. 24 colored cards wHite ink 2.')c.
Try some of these free hand. Also try 1000 3 ply W. B. 75c. lOOOcolored cards bhc. Express
new words so as to get the letters to unite Agents' sample book for written & printed tird5 25c.
or go together well. Be particularly careful W. McBee, 19 Snyder St., Allegheny, Ta.
of spacing.

Warrensbur^-MIcllancI Teachers* A.^ency

Main Office: Warrensburg, Mo. Western Branch: Townsend. Montana
SPECIALISTS FURNISHED FOR ALL DEPARTMENTS.
POINTED Splendid opportunities offered the "dp-to-date" teacher.
We cover the best field in
(^TD II (
the United States for the teacher backed by ABILITY.
recommend no others. Our Manual is free; write for it.

PENMANSHIP TAUGHT BY MAIL

Finest pen-w copies. All practice work carefully criticised. Best instructior
Muscular Movet] lade easy.
^ 24 lessons instead of
.. „_ __,
12. Keep up
^^^^ „^ your practi
e want you tu try oiir pens, autl in uiUer to make improve after you leave schooL Business Writing, 6 months (2f Lessons), $5.00;'first''l2
n inducement will send Assortment No. 1, consi^t- Lessons (3 Months), $3.50. Ornamental Complete Course, including Card Writing, $7 00
of 15 popular styles, postpaid, upon receipt of 10 250 bheets large size Practice Paper, or 500 Blank Cards, >4 gross fine Business Pens and one
;b, and give you good Penholder, Given Free to Each Student. Diplomas Free. We also teach Pen Letter-
FREE a Handsom* Penholder ing and Round Hand or Engrossing Script. Yournameona Dozen Beautiful Cards for 20c.
Small specimen for stamp. Handsome catalogue free. Send for it todav.
10WARD HUNT PEN CS., Camden, N. J
Strayer-8 Bmlne»» College, ELLSWORTH & WHITMORE, Philadelphia, Pa.

[ Cfii-v-e-^-C<^i.iyr^ ^z-^>2<j^ ^icc^-^t-i'fLi,-?^ ^ci^-t,^ t>^i,cl-n^ ^^^.{^t^ C%t 73AC^^^^>'l,£^i^Sc^<.c^e>et.^t^^ 1

 f^^^Ud/n^d^(S(/iU^i^iT^ ^
ENGROSSING A. C. M., Arkadelphia. Raise pen in join-
ing to a and thereby avoid a tedious retrace.
EDITOK: — Is the final stroke of j,j^,z,ff, q, Don't make small letters so rapidly. Pro-
and /made up or down ? fessional penmanship is not written nearly
Is there a demand for good policy en-
so rapidly as business writing — only fast
grossers ? enough to keep the kinks out of the lines
If you mean by final strokes that part of and to make it graceful. Pause longer at
the letter which is above the base line, will shoulder cf r and finish of rand n'. Shades
say that it is made upward, but if you mean a trifle high on fold of capitals. Small let-
the left side of the loop in j,j^, etc., and the lers not as good as capitals. You'll get
there.
right side of g- and /, will say that it is made
downward with a slight shade near the end.
There is a constant and increasing de- Editor: — What is the best way to over-
come jerking motions in writing?
Under this headine Mr. Zaner criticises specimens mand for policy engrossers as well as en- Is not the movement used in shorthand
of penmanship, drawing, etc., submitted to him. grossers along the line of resolutions,
Postage should be enclosed if specimens are to be
in opposition to that used in longhand ? L.
diplomas, etc. The question now-a-days is D. H,
returned. He will also endeavor to answer any and
all questions pertaining to penmanship matters, or if
not that of finding employment, but of Jerking motions can be overcome by prac-
thought best, questions may be submitted through qualifying, as by so doing employment
ticing upon movement exercises with
this department to the readers of our journal for vol- finds the one desiring it. I would encour-
unteer answers. This gives the readers of The age you to qualify yourself in thisdirection, neither a very rapid nor very slow motion.
Business Educator the benefit of the experience as you already do quite well. The aim should be for perfect freedom and
of one who has made thii work a life-time study, as control together with the greatest uniform-
well as of those who contribute thereto. C. S. C, Springfield. Your pen was a trifle
coarse, your small letters a trifle too large. ity possible. They may be frequently over-
M. E. McC. Yoii are starting out well. Cultivate more of a running hand pause at
; come by pressing on the pen in making the
Watch turns and angles closely, beingcare- shoulder of small r, thereby emphasizing it up strokes of small letters, especially when
ful to see that each n contains three turns a little more. You are improving nicely.
and one angle and each in four turns and the spacing is wide between the letters.
two angles. Watch your r more closely, L. B. S., Bucu. Your specimen indicates While shorthand is not the same as long-
and the second part of h. Keep it up and excellent application. Your initial strokes
sometime that certificate we are offering are entirely too straight and your final hand, yet there is not enough difference to
will be yours. strokes are a trifle too curving. Some of seriously impede the progress of either.
your work is excellent. All of it is good. A Skill in one will mean additional skill in
J. J. T., Whipple, Ohio. Your writing has few of your turns as in u are to angular.
many excellent points. Curve the down the other. Students in shorthand should
stroke in o more. Endeavor to keep the I. A. B. Excellent. You are getting right take lessons in longhand, for the skill thus
spacing between the letters uniform. Draw after the original. Try to be a little more
deliberate and sure. Write a trifle more of acquired will aid them greatly in writing
a pencil line along the top of the tnininiuin
letters after you have written a line and you the running style. better shorthand notes with less effort.
will discover a few letters too large and a A. H. P., Minneapolis. Your movement Besides, those who write well will secure
few too small. Keep it up and you will exercises are excellent. Begin now towards better positions and more pay than those
get that certificate in the course of a few applying your movement skill to the small
months. who do not.
and capital letters.
F. F. P., Halifax. Your penmanshipcould C. J. S., Findlay. You are on the right I. W., Johnstown, Pa. Your writing shows
be worse and it could also be better. Your track. Curve your up strokes less in the good faithful practice. A little more move-
n's are like your u'&. You lift your pen too small letters. Make the turns equally ment would improve it. In finishing a
frequently — it destroys the easy left-to- rounding. In finishing O and A raise the letter or word do not stop with the pen on
right motion of the hand in writing. Your pen from the paper while in motion. The the paper, but lift the pen while it is in
capital / is unlike anything we have ever second upper turn of n is too sharp. More motion. Watch turns and angles closely.
seen. Be sure to make turns where they arm movement work on exercises will cure If you continue your practice, there is no
belong, as in the top of the n, and your writ- the ills your penmanship is heir to. You reason why you should not receive a cer-
ing will be much better. make a splendid beginning. tificate.

Style Manual for Stenographers,

Reporters and Correspondents.
THE ONLY BOOK OF ITS KIND.
and earning power of Teachers, Students,
It increases the efficiency
Reporters, Correspondents and all who have anything to do vAlh type-
writing. The complete book is a reproduction from actual type-
writing — not imitation, indorsed by hundreds of Business Educators.

Some Expressions by Those Using It :

The most practical book published for business college use.—

Just what business schools have been looking for.— A great bene-
fit to both teacher and student.— It has helped me wonderfully
in my work as a dictator of business correspondence.— The new
features in punctuation, style, etc., are its noticeable points.—
The make-up is exact, clean and attractive.— I recommend it to
my pupils as well as graduates.— Have been using it in our post-
graduate class effectively. We give it a place of pre-eminence,
especially in its adaptation to advanced stenographers.— The e tlze lowGvst
stenographer is not complete who has not mastered its contents.
—The ornamental and display work is an interesting and help-
ful study.— Just what I want in my business. No teacher should
be without it.— We are using it solely on its merit.— I have very
^Tbc E]2dorsGJ2?eKt of m r RitroK^
difficult work to do saves me much thought and time and my
; it
work is now of a higher grade.— It is not only a guide but an in-
i« We Hidkesf
spiration.~We have long wished for such a text in our post-
graduate course.— I can say most emphatically it is an excellent
w^ork. — It is worthy of a place in every school. — It is an invalu-
DESIGNING ^ENGRAVING for
able text in school, and equally useful in business as a guide lEDUOmOML mSTITUnONS IS OURSPEGlAUTYi
and reference.
Circular giving Complete Index, mailed Free.
vSLM) rO R ^SPBCIAI/ PRIC RUxST
S»mf>le Copy Postf>&ia, $I.2S

H. Graham Paterson, CI
223 Ri»lto
Biatf.,
Chicago, ills.
lHJCHIGAN ESgMING CO.
Author and Publisher: " Faterson Phonography,'* "•
Style Manual," Etc.
. GRAND RAPIDS, MIGH.

C^''V'-£,'r€<.^U'''r~^ ex^'^z^ ^cc-^-£cd.'^i.£''Td ..ci^'t..^^ Z^^L^t^ny^ y-u^cn^ CT^iu. 7a^e,C4d^tyrt.Ad^6^<Ct,c^e>€Z'^trr- I

I
KAPID, DASHY, DAINTY, ARTISTIC SUPERSCKIPTIONS FROM THE NIJIBI.E PEN OF F. B. pOURTNEY.
 f^^fSBu^^eM^i^iCri^^ ^
GSTCRBROOK'S
— PE:NS " Easy to write with. Hard to use up."
CORRECT DESIGN UNIFORM TEMPER DURABILITY

IS MY
SPECIALTY
150 STYLES
I will write your name on 1 doz. cards for 15c.
A pack of samples and terms to agents for a red
stamp. Agents wanted. A 1 Professional
BLANK CARDS. 100 blank cards 16 colors, 15c. Text Wkiteks
postpaid. 1,000 blank cards by express, 75c. 1 with fine and extra tine points.
bottle black, glossy ink. 15c. I'bottle white ink, Made in 3 widths and with long
point to both left and right Elastic and smooth writing
15c. 1 oblique pen holder. 10c.

W^. A. BODE.
27th St.. S. S.. Pittsburg. Pa.
E^sierbroolc Steel Pen Mf^* Co*
26 John St.. N. Y. City

for schools and coUej^es, furnished in

blank form or engrossed at lowest
reasonable prices.
this line, and
We Are Leaders
designs can-
not be excelled laruiony and
artistic beauty.

Our Latest Illustrated Catalog

mailed free. Send for it. We also
make a specialty of DESIGNING, EN-
GROSSING AND iLlUMINATING. Ksti
mates and sketches furnished.
HOWARD m. BROWN
Rockland, Maine

fine:st penmanship svpplies obtainasi^e:.

On goods listed belo '
pay postae:e on those that go by mail and purchaser pays carriage charges on thosp that go by express >
freight. Of
course the cheapest way is to order in fair sized quantities and have them go by freight.

PENS AND HOLDERS. BY MAIL. PREPAID. CARDS, INK PAPER, ETC.

Zanerian Fine Writer Pen— The best Gilloifs Lnhographic Pen No. 290 Blank Cards— White bristol with Zanerian Pen. Pencil, and Paintin^
and finest fine writing pen made — best — One of the finest pointed drawing penmanship.
finest surface for fine Pad. and Portfolio, for sketch
for engrossing, card writing and all fine pens made. 6 pens 25c. 3 pens 15c 100 by mail postpaid 28c drawing, and water color painting.
script work. Gross $1.00, K gross 25c. 500 by express Contains 40 sheets for --- -S
Gilhtt s Crow Quill Pen No. 659— 7.5c
By mail 20 cents extra
1 dozen - -I2c 1000 by express. $1.35
Very tine points. 6 pens 25c, 3 pens
15c
Zanerian Ideal Pen— One of the best Zanerian India Ink— A fine draw
pens made for general penwork busi- — Soennecken Lettering Pen — For Black Cards— Best made for white ink and best for preparing script ,

making German Text, Old English, and ink. drawings for photo-eiigiaving.
ness or ornamental. One of the best
IW
pens for beginners in penmanship.
Gross 75c, Vi gross 25c. dozen 10c 1
all
bers
broad pen
],
single pointed
1':.
letters.

and 10,
Set of 12-nuin-
2, 2'2, 3. 3^2, 4. rt and 6
20 and 30 double
5(X") by express
1000 by express
—
by mail postpaid 28c
7.5c
$1.35
I
boiile by mail, postpaid
I

dozen bottles by express

$
!

pointed 25c
Zanerian Medial Pen— A high-grade Arnold's Japan //j/r— Nearly H pint
medium, extra smooth pen for business White Cardboard— V/edding Bristol bottle by mail postpaid $ .40
writing. None better. Just right for for fine pen work. Sheets are 22x28. I pint bv express 45
students and accountants. Gross 75c, quart by express 75
6 sheets by express $ .60 1

5i gross --- 25c Zanerian ObliQue Penholder— Hand 12 sheets by express 1.00
made, rosewood, 12 inches long, 2 sheets by mail postpaid 50 White Ink— Very fine.
Zanerian Business Pen— A smooth, beautiful and perfect holder. 1 holde
1 bottle by mail, postpaid --$ .25
durable, common sense business pen.
12 bottles by express 1.85
For unshaded business writing, it has White Cardboard- With hard finish,
never been excelled, if equaled. Gross Fine Art Oblique Holder Inlaid — much like ledger paper. Sheets are
75c, U gross 25c. 1 dozen 10c and fancy, hand-made, rosewood, and 20.4x23 Writing Paper— Fi 13 lb. paper
by far the most beautiful liolder made 6 sheets by express .-- $.40 lade. 960 sheets per ream, ru
I holder sent in a small wooden box. 12 sheets by express
nd faint. 1 ream by express
CHhtt's Principality No. ] Pen— .70
$1.00 3 sheets by mail, postpaid .- .50
fine writing pen. Gross $1.00, gross
25c, 1 dozen
'i
12c Writing Paper Same quality —
Excelsior Oblique Holder— The best above mentioned hut 10 lb. per lec
low-priced oblique holder made. Many Black Cardboard— Finest for white ream by express $S
Gilloti's Double Elastic E. F. No. hundi eds of gross have been sold. ink. Sheets are 22x28.
1

604 Pen — A medium fine writing pen. 1 holder --- $.10

Gross 75c. V* gross 25c, dozen 10c G sheets by express $ ..10
1 -
I dozen - .50
12 sheets by express .75
Practice Paper— Best for the money
H gross- - ---. MO 2 sheets by mail, postpaid .50
to bt' had. 1 I earn by express -- $1.50
Gillotfs Magnum Quill E. F. No. '.3 gross - ... 2.15 Send stamp for samples of paper.
60i Pen— A business pen. Gross $1.00, 1 gross 4.25
% gross 25c, I dozen -.. Wedding Paper— Finest for penman-
Envelopes—
12c
Straight Penholder Cotk tipped — ship or drawing. Sheets are 21x:J3.
Gillott's No. 503 E. F. Pe/i— Used and best for business writing, flourish- 6 sheets by express $ .50 laii, posipaui
largely for drawing purposes. Gross ing, etc. 1 holder 10c, 6 holders 40c, 12 12 sheets by express .70 100 fine wnue ny in
tnail, postpaid
$1.00, H gross 2.^)C. 1 dozen 12c holders-- 65c 3 sheets by mail, postpaid 50 1000 either kind, by

We handle the best and can save you money. st accompany aM nrde

Address, ZANCR (Hi BLrOSSR, COLrVMBVS, OHIO.

I
C^£€^i*~£.''7^€€^±-£yri:f a.-->z^ 7Q^.c^^^~^cti.'A.£>-'r:^ ^<^,'-t..^ S-A^z.-'^t^ .^^.€n^ ^'^h^ ,,''ry^.^^'?'z,.Cc^tr?^l,t''»'^^ C7%^ /2«<:i<^?^-£<^<:/c£^zCe<>f><5Z-^<r7T i
 ^^^^Uii/n^^^i/iu^iU?^ ^
•\

We W ant More Commercial Teachers

Tf During the last week in November we had requests for four commercial teachers, which we could
not fill. If there are any teachers, especially young teachers who are thoroughly equipped, they
should communicate with us. We make no charge to either party.

January Isi, 1905,

T' Will witness the introduction of Sadler-Rowe books into a large number of schools. Send for a
list of our titles. You will find them all to be good books the very best. —

Our Liive of Advertisiivg Circulars and Bookl ets is Increasing

T[ Orders for many thousands of them have been received during the last two weeks. They are finely
illustrated, well written, and they are "business getters". Have you seen them? Better place your
order for one or more of them. The prices are very low. You get your printing at first cost to us in
large quantities, with the expense of illustrations and cuts, etc., thrown in. Two new booklets will be
ready December 10th. We help our customers to get business. They help us to sell books.

Sadler-'Ro^we Company
Baltinnore« Mel.

If You Will Investigate

you will find that in the City of Chicago every wholesale drug house, every wholesale hardware house,
every wholesale paper house, every wholesale bakery or cracker house and hundreds of other whole-
sale houses use the Loose Leaf Order System. A system so generallv used should be taught in your
school. You have not been able to get it heretofore.

Office Methods Pari III

teaches it in all its details. You want it. Kemember this is not an elementarv work on bookkeeping.
'
Order Part III. ^ ^

If you are not now using

Plctatioti Stt»dies
as an advanced text to teach your pupils how to write accurate shorthand, you should use it in the
class that will soon be ready tor it. The work has been approved and is used bv the leaders among
the teachers of shorthand. You can't afford to deprive your pupils of its aid.

Published in Graham, Isaac Pitman, Benn Pitman, Gregg, and Munson. Price $1.00.
The correspondence of principals and teachers is solicited. Address,

POWERS (Ql LrYONS,

Chicago - - Ne-^r York..

I
Cfa>l^^,^^U^Uyr^ a-^-z^ ^S^-<^<^:^^^i.!^<^ --.^^^^^ .g^^^z^^ ^^g,^<^^<> y^ry <^^ij. 71u.iUtt.i^ €etUi-oeUe^^
 [mym(i4aimrK((vKiami9mo'sii»mi^>'!!i('!»^<3t<>i

mmmmmmmm^m^^ii^iBm^s^m
vat>-*;%^\tSK*^>.*iE5Vi;*i)efei'i
 .^^^ud/ned^^i^/uaiifr ^

Pubh<;neU by FH. BLISS, SAuli\A]\\ 'UiH.

 .^^rS^iO/n^d^^^f/iu^iiir^ ^
^ '-%

School A Business Speller

A comprehensive little Book on Spelling,

Advertislti^ 120pages of words most frequently seen in

business correspondence. Divided into
lessons of fifty words each. Several les-
sons of words pronounced alike, but spell-
I am ill the School Advertising ed differently. Just the thing for the school
business. For more than ten years room. Sample copy postpaid for 25 cents.
I have made a specialty ol' the
business of interesting young Business Letter Writing
people in educational work.
One of the neatest and brightest little
If you are in the school busi- works on Commercial Correspondence.
ness, I want you to send lor a copy Unlike anything published. Write for
of my " I will " Folder. It con-
tains information in regard to
for 50 cents. :::::;::
sample pages. Single copy sent postpaid

the service I oflFer. It will inter-

Other Books Published
est you. It's Free.
are " Musselman's Practical Bookkeep-
ing," " High School Bookkeeping," " Com-
Catalogues, Booklets, Ads, Follow-up mercial Law," "Commercial Arithmetic."
Systems Designed, Written, Printed;
right placing and distribution advised.
Trx a Box of Miiaselman's Perfection Pens.
Price TwentfSve Cents.

C. C. RGARICK
School-Advertitinj SpecUliit,
The D, L, MUSSELMAN PUB, CO,
Masonic Temple, CHICAGO, ILL. QUINCY, ILLINOIS.

^: J^

The Convention
of 1904 is history. By those present it

was voted the most successful of the

Federation meetings. By an ever in-
creasing majority the Williams & Rog-
ers Commercial Publications are being
voted the most successful and most
widely used on the market. For des-
criptive catalog and circulars, address

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

Commercial Publications Department
NEW YORK - CINCINNATI - CHICAUO

\ Cfi^^v^-'rit^i.e.^ o^nK/ Tico^-^c^J-A.^-^ -^.j'^^ t^ua^^T^ .^y^ett. /i-r y}^^ c^^73MAiynj^^£Uot.e.a.i<rr. \

 f^^^Ui^/n^d^/^(/iU¥ii^ ^
ycatman fjiglj Scl^ool Never Mind our Figures ;

St. louis, mo.

Get our Service Th&t's —
I'e^'jrtmciit of lousiness
What Cuts the Figure.
Hobcrt ct. (Swiit, Director
We skim the cream of good posit
November for our hijihly-uiialified Candida
28. 1904.
and we place all worthy candid
Mr. E. E. Gaylord. Beverly, Mass. in a position tobetter themsel
Dear Mr. Gaylord: Of course we charge for
It is my opinion that no Agency in this country can equal the National
Our of
the year's salary
first
Commercial Teachers' Agency in giving high-class, satisfactory service to com- charged by all regular Agencies.
petent commercial teachers, or to schools in need of such instructors. I make this What would you think of the busi-
ness judgment of a man who would
statement with the hope that I may help some fellow teacher, as well as an enter- refuse to pay $50 for a commodity
prise worthy of my best support. which was guaranteed to produce
It is only natural and right that ah progressive teachers should make him from $U)0 to $300 within a few
some advancement from time to time, and this ambition can often be realized months ? Well, we make no charge
unless we actually nail for you a
through the assistance of a good Teachers' Agency. One of my business college position enough better than the one
friends recently wrote me that he would like to get into high school work, and. after you now hold, to justify you in ac-
cepting You, not we, decide
being advised to register with the N. C. T. A., he replied, " Gaylord is all right but whether
it.
to take it.
his commission is too high." When accepting the services of an agency, it should You are therefore guaranteed against
not be a question of how much commission one pays but rather how much ad- loss. We have more than 300 fine
teachers on our list, some of them
vancement he is making and the better opportunities offered for future promotions. men of the highest national reputa-
After deducting the commission paid the N. G. T. A. for their services in placing tion. Prospectus and blanks for the
me in my present position. I still have an increase of over twenty-five per cent in asking.
my salary with vastly greater opportunities for advancement in the future. Send for them today.

The sound business methods of the National Commercial Teachers'

Agency should appeal to all busy teachers. This Agency did not bother me with The National
a single request to apply for a position. After my present employers received all
desired preliminary information from the Agency concerning my training and
Commercial Teachers*
experience, the request for my application came directly from the Superintendent
Very respectfully.
Agency
of Public Instruction for St. Louis.
A 5pe.cialty by a Specialist.

Prospect Hill Beverly, Mass.

E. E. GAYLORD. Manager

The California Cattle and

Land Company,
Whose full page advertisement appeared in the
May and June numbers of this journal, declared
a semi-annual dividend of 6",,, payable Jan'y
15, l!K)-5, this being the third semi-annual divi-
dend paid since the issue of the compan3''s
first mortgage 8",, coupon bonds to the holders
of treasur)' stock, August, 1903. The next divi-
dend will be paid July, 1905.
This business enterprise is endorsed by the
editors and business manager of this journal
and a hundred other commercial teachers who
are shareholders. The last 50 one hundred
dollar security bonds and certificates of stock
have just been received from the company, with
permission to offer them to fellow teachers and
readers of Thk Business Educator.
This opportunity for profit-sharing in land
and cattle is an unusual one, and it merits in-
vestigation by all who desire to place their
earnings in an industry in which the element
of risk is practically eliminated.

F(.)R FULL 1'.\RTIC1II,.\RS .\DDRESS

Lr. M. Thornbiar-^h,
Principal Commercial High School. PATERSON, N. J.

SIGNATURES BY THB EDITOR.

I
C^^^'i*^^r^t<^-£^/^ tz^7Z.</ ^ci-.^^c^l^A.^''^ -.e***.^^^ ^^LClyn.^ ^^«:<'«^ C^^lu.73M4U^rTU,idSe^*tyC^x-irr-
 f^^^Uii/n^M/^if/iu^i^fr* ^
COMMCNT NCCDLrCSS!

OF , "

jaii:(iw(«'» Bus INCSS Co^t,c«ts.

f-^r/^yfy^J^^^Oj^iCde^yfWy. c0h.^K>/yM4y: ^c/\S<^.

October 17th 1904.

Mr. John R. Gregg,

The Gregg Publishing Company,
151 Wabash Avenue,
Chicago, 111.,

Dear Mr. Gregg:

It is with great pleasure that I inform you that the

Business Education Exhibit of Brown's Business College Company
at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition has been honored with the
"Grand Prize," which is the highest award.

This award may justly be regarded by you as reflecting

credit upon Gregg Shorthand, as your system of shorthand is
used in the fifteen schools represented in the exhibit; and
the students who gave the demonstrations before the Jury and
the public were writers of the system. The Jury appeared to
be particularly interested in the demonstrations of high speed
v/riting in Gregg Shorthand, and in the recording of different
languages in the system, which were given by Mr. Raymond P.
Kelley.

You are welcome to make any use you may deem fit of this
announcement or this letter. Gregg Shorthand is now taught in
all of our schools but one; and each year deepens our faith in
its great superiority in speed and legibility over the old-time
systems which we formerly used.

Wishing you continued success.

^ Have you seen our little booklet, "The Speed-Giving Qualities of Gregg Shorthand?"'
It's yours for the asking. If you are a teacher, ask for the " Proposition."

the: gre:gg pvbLtIshing co. CHICAGO

I {^{^^n^-eyriciti^Td eZ''n^ ^u^.^-^cA^'^i.z.''^ ^.'C</<.^£. ^>^t>cz.^7-z^^ ^-u^^n^ <^^^L£- 73A,C^i^i^-0'Z..Ad^6^^^<^.t>C.<'€l'^<r7' I

 *^^^u4/n^d^^(/iu^iU?^ ^

AN eMINGNT DISTINCTION
ISAAC PITMAN'S

SHORTHAND Exoluslvelx A.clot>tecl by th«

Y^erw York. Boa.rd. of E^d.uca.iion

For a Period of FIVE YEARS Be^lnnln^ January, 1905
Partial List of Books Officially A.dioxt\.aA

Isaac Pitman Shorthand Instructor - $1.50 20th Century Dictation Book and Legal
Business Correspondence in Shorthand Forms (Ordinary Print.) (cloth $i.00) $ .75
(Nos. 1 and 2 Complete) - - .60 A Practical Course in Touch Typewrit-
Isaac Pitman's Shorthand Dictionary 1.50 ing. (By Chas. E. Smith.) (cioth 75c.) .50

3r JVST PVBLISHED Ht
FOVRTH BDITION-Rsvlsed
PITMAN^S
THc World's Twentieth Century Business

Cotxiixiercial Products DICTATION BOOK

(By J. A. SUler)
and Legal Forms (In Ordinary Type)
With Equivalents in French, German and Spanish Compiled by Robert A. Kells
Containing an up-to-date collection of genuine letters
covering Fifty Distinct Lines of Business — Legal
Forms, and a judicious selection of practice-niattei" for
general dictation. Also chapters on Spelling, Punctua-
This work has many
uses in a commercial school tion, Capitalization, and Short Practical Talks with the
or business office, difficult to say which is the
and it is Amanuensis. This work has been adopted by hundreds
most important. The chief feature is the alphabetical of progressive schools, without reference to the system
arrangements and the inclusion of the French, German of Shorthand taught.
and Spanish equivalents for more than one thousand
articles of every day commerce. Every branch of in- K^EGAK^ rORMS
dustry has been drawn upon for the list, including such The
portion of the work devoted to Legal Forms has
out of the way trades as the manufacture of artists' been specially written by Henry W. Thorne, Counselor-
colors. The work will not be found wanting as an ordi- at-Law and Official Stenographer, Johnstown, N. Y., and
nary book of reference In some ways it supplements contains chapters on the following subjects: Introduc-
and even supersedes the encyclopivdia. One can, by tion; Class I.— Miscellaneous Legal Documents; Class II.
glancing through its pages, compile comprehensive lists — Legal Papers in Actions: Class III. - Law Steno-
of the commercial products of the animal, vegetable and grapher's Transcripts, Etc.
mineral kingdoms respectively. Hence the book has a
high value for use in commercial schools. In connection "It is one of the best books I have ever seen. Every
with the teaching of Commercial Geography, the work shorthand teacher and student should have one."
will be found invaluable, as it supplements with descrip- /. N. Sprouse, The Neii' FresnofCal.j Business Collez^-
tive information the brief statements about natural or "I like the 'Twentieth Century Dictation Book*'
manufactured products, which find a place in text-books very much indeed. It seems to be the best work so far
on this subject. produced of its kind, and I have the pleasure in here-
Cloth, Gilt, 165 pp., 85 cents.
with enclosing vou an introductory order for the same"
Size 6x834 inches. — Charles M. Miller, Miller School, New York.
to Bchools and known teach-
Boards and Cloth Back. 272 pp., 75 cents; Cloth, $1.00.
Examination copy
ExaniiiiHtion copy to schools and known teachers
ers sent post-paid on receipt of 07 cents. sent postpaid on receipt of 5S cents, or 76 cents.

Sena for- oopx of P1TMA.N*S JOVRNA.L. ana

'* l¥hlGh Syatem of Shorthana Shouia We Lrearn 7 "

ISAAC PITMAN <a SONS, Publishers,

31 \7niot^ Scicsare, Ne'^r York.

I
^^/S^**tf'^*;^^<*i-«'^'^ a^Tt^ ^<^...^-£c^i^^^.^''Td ..^k^-c^S ^^^-<«-'^i'^ y7x.*^%<^ C^^i^ 73.,u..^i<^o^L.^^^6^^c^.<,<.<€>e^^tr7- I
 (^^///jy/mJ (^^/a.

COLUMBUS, O.. FEBRUARY. 1905.

Professional Edition, $1.00 a Year.
Penmanship Edition, 65 cents a Year.

THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR. Ts it Vou? such a transaction means to us. If

we were to do as directed (and there
You would doubtless be surprised are hundreds of such) we would first
to know how many letters addressed have to look up the subscription
Published Monthly (except July and August), by to the publishers of this journal fail
card renew it
; char,a;e it on our
;

Zaner \- Bloser. 118 N. High St.. Columbus O.. as books make out a bill dictate a
;
to make plain what was intended. It
;

follows: Teachers' Professional Edition, $1.00 a

Year (Foreign Subscriptions 30 cents extra); Stud-
polite of acknowledgment of
letter
is surprising how few letters are re- the order with a soft apology for the
ents' Penmanship Edition, 65 cents a year, (Foreign
Subscriptions 20 cents extra). ceived that give all of the required enclosed reminder of a bill read ;

information necessary to fill the over carefully the typewritten tran-

C. P. Zaner. Columbus. O. Edii
order properly, or answer it satisfac- script sign, seal, stamp and mail it.
E. E Gavlord. Beverly, Mas
;
- Associate Editor
E. W. Bloser. Columbus, O. Business Manager torily. It is astounding how many If in due time he remits we must first
Address all communications to Zaner & Bloser. necessitate a letter of inquiry on our extract the remittance, give credit on
Columbus. O., except those relating to the depart- part to learn what was in the author's the book, dictate an acknowledgment,
ments, which may be sent to Mr. Gaylord. mind. Either the remittance does (as a rule the bill is not returned to
not agree with the things ordered, or be receipted as it always should be),
Two Editions. TftE Business Edlcator is
the articles ordered are so vaguely look over the reply; and sign, seal,
published in two editions: The Teachers' Profes-
sional Edition contains 48 or more pages. 16 of described or incorrectly named that stamp, and mail it.
which are conducted on the Department plan and to fill it is guesswork, and to enquire All of this for a dollar, and when
specially suited to the needs of teachers, principals,
and proprietors. Colored title pae^. Price $1 .00 a entails loss of postage, stationery, the profit at best is only a small per
year. and time on the part of the sten- cent, of the transaction Is it any !

The Students' Penmanship Edition contains 32 ographer and one or two other em- wonder that the head of one of us is
pages and is the same as the Professional Edition,
less the sixteen pages devoted to the Departments ployees about the office. turning gray and that the other is
of Commercial Teaching. This edition is specially Not infrequently a half dozen heads growing bald ? Is it any wonder we
suited to students in Commercial. Public and will try to solve the riddle, be it in are not millionaires ?
Private schools, and contains all of the Penmanship,
Engrossing, Pen Art. and Lesson features in the poor penmanship, poor grammar, in- With all and through all, however,
Professional Edition. Price 65 cents a year. definite description, or reference to we hope for fewer mistakes on the
former correspondence of doubtful morrow, and aim to remain even tem-
Change of Address. If you change your ad- date and character. pered, optimistic, and of use.
dress, be sure to notify us promptly (in advance, if
possible), and be careful to give the old as well as Sometimes it relates to expiration With these letters of good intentions
the new address. We lose many papers each issue of subscription, sornetimes to change and expensive mistakes come many
fhroueh neeligence on the part of subscribers. of address again it gives us thunder
; others, many, many more, with mes-
Back Numbers cannot, as a rule, be supplied.
Postmasters are not allowed to forward journals for that which the writer alone is to sages as clear as day. as cheering as
unless postage is sent to them for that purpose. blame in confusing his order to us sunshine, ami as profitable as a clear
with that to some one else. conscience can stand.
The Business Educator is devoted to the pro- Usualh' it is cheaper in the long Moral Does the letter you indite
:

gressive and practical interests of Business Educa-

tion and Penmanship. A journal whose mission is
run to ferret out the error and fill the cloud or brighten the brow of the
lo dignify, popularize, and improve the world's order satisfactorily to the one sending reader ? Does it create or destroy
newest and neediest education. It purposes to it, even though we are the loser in profit? Does it increase or lessen
inspire and instruct both pupil and teacher, and to
further the interests of those engaged in the work, the transaction, than to create sus- labor? Think it over.
in private as well as in public institutions of busi- picion at the other end of the line. In the meantime, we are mortal and
ness educV*" It is also surprising how many make mistakes of our own. By and
write saying: "Don't stop my jour- through your own mistakes we are
Advertising Rates furnished upon application
The Business Educator being the highest grade nal this month, but send it on and I learning to be more careful and to
read by the
journal of its class, is purchased and will remit soon," little realizing what make fewer of our own.
most intelligent and well-to-do among those inter-
the
ested in business education and penmanship, in
United Slates. Canada, England, and nearly every
country on the globe. It circulates, not alone
among
business college proprietors, teachers, and pupils,
depart-
but also among principals of commercial
Religious
ments of High Schools. Colleges and
Schools, as well as among office workers, home
students, etc.
 Important.
Please read the following carefully. I want two pages from each person who is following this course of lessons, one of niovenient
exercises and one of figures and writing. I mean from those who have been sending their work to me for criticism. Please understand
what I want you to do. Make on one sheet of paper some of your BEST movement exercises — I am not particular what they are. On the
other sheet give me some of your best figures and writing. You may write anything you choose. Sign your name and put the date on
both sheets. This is to be your best work, understand. Leave one inch margin on both sides of your paper, so as to give the page a good
appearance. Please send me this as soon as possible.
I have another word to say before you begin this lesson. It pleases me very much to hear from so many young men and women
who are following this course. I appreciate the letters you write to me — I want you to keep on doing so. I am in this work to be of
service to j-ou, and to help you in learning to write a good business liand. Do your best at all times. We can't afford to be too easy on
ourselves. Be a hard master to yourself. Even though you dj fail some of the time, you will have the satisfaction of knowing and
feeling that j'ou have tried to do your best. If 1 fail or neglect to draw tlie best efforts from you I am not doing my duty by you. Don't
be satisfied with fair work - make it the best. You know it is well for each one of us to have a HIGH IDEAL in life and constantly strive
to attain unto this ideal. I like ambitions young men and women — we need more of them — young men and women who think, and
observe, and who try the most of their opportunities. Don't, therefore, neglect this one opportunity you have in learning to write
to make
better. A good handwriting is a desirable companion for life. It is not too late for others to start on this course. Begin NOW, and send
me your practice work.
Plate 30.
Til ; plate furnishes a gen al drill. You ought to be able to make tlie first line easily. See that the moveii perfectly free
letters. <.>bserve every detail. Cultivate a keen perceptir,!].

Preceding small letter practice, these exercises are of great value. In making tlie small ii'sawi u's,he sure to make both down-
ard strokes straight and firm to the line, stopping at the end of the second downward stroke, then making the curve.

^^^(^UyOUM^yUyU^Uiy /97?999?:KK^^
 ^i^3^ud//i^d^i^/iu^f^r* ^
The first /should be made quickly, with arm movement, from the beginning to where it is closed on the line, then end with a right
curve. Some prefer the abbreviated style. The loop in the q should be made quickly. Look closely at the words, then see how well you
can write them.

This is agood style of p, it can be made without raising the pen. It should be made with a quick movement from the beginning to
vhere it is closed on the line. This plate furnishes some very good words. Do your best on them.

^^..-^;Z2.--l^^

^ ,^^^^:^^^^-^-^^-^7^^^^

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Now is a good time to review some of the small letters. I think all of these letters will bear close inspecti< a. Look at them critically.
See wherein you can make them better.

'

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 ^^^^ud/n^d^^/iu^iiif^ ^
Plate 35.
Arranging th<' fiu-nres in tliis wny nffords a splendid drill. Don't neglect the figures — jrou can't afford it. You use many figures in
bookkeeping wor' etc. ,

^ ^^/ U-/ 3f2- i^y/ ^/i^ 3 f^/ ut-/ ^/ ^7^ f3cy

7- 7^^ ^^ f3f y^x- 3ys^ ^ y//x f^3 f^ ^^/ />/
f 4/f/ y^ ^/f Sol/ yf^ ^ 3/1^ ^o7- fy 7-/y j^^f
y f3// s^ y^/ y/3 Cy/ y /^>^/^ /> y3y ^f^
a 3^7 ^C fys y/z y3x y ys/ %^^ 7/ C^i^ S¥^
^ 4^^ 2- s^ yf3 Zoy 3yC v Ca/ s^^ y% 3y^ 4^27
j^ ^7^ 3y ^/s 7/2 ^3^ s Vo^ yf^ 7-0 fj^/ jy^
(y 74// z// 7/// ^^7 ^/y 7 /;z4/ Cy2- y/ 74<^ C^f
eritieisms.
B. B., Midi. Work for accuracy of form. The downward strokes in your small letters are not quite long enninjh — make them longer
and Arm to the line. Don't neglect movement exercises.
M. B., W. Va. You are coming along nicely. I can see a great improvement in your work. I would sug,'L-l tliiit you make your loop
letters a trifle shorter.
S. O. C, S. Dak. Yes, hard practice will overcome many difficulties in learning to write. Stick to it — study the copy. The little
shoulder in the r should he straight, then come straight to the line as in small i. Don't slant your r so much.
C. S. C, O. Glad to get your letters. Your last letter was well written. I would suggest that you write smaller, and try to write
liSh ter. Keep up intelligent practice.
M. N. F., la. You are improving nicely. Your work shows better movement, and your form is more accurate. Keep on advancing.
B. L. E., Ohio. You are doing well. Try to make the small letters more accurate. Study the copy closely and try to equal it.
J. C.F., W. Va. Glad to see better work from your pen. What you
need is plenty of practice — you're on the right road.
W. H. G., R. I. Glad to get your letter and work. You are doing well. Don't make the dot in the small u' so prominent. Study
details, and work for an accurate form. Your elliptical exercises are good.
J. E. H., Mo. You are improving but you need more movement work to strengthen your line— your line is weak. Plates 21 and 22
December number, are good ones to practice on for the small letter.
H. H., Ohio. Your work is a little in the rough, but promises well. Give plenty of time to movement — you need it. You make j-our
small letters too slowly— get a better movement and then make them with movement. Stick to it.
D. E. S.,Ohio. Your movement is good, but your form might be better. Study the rfoB-nirarJ strokes in writing — make them
straight and firm to the line, for this is what makes" letters stand out legibly.
W. B., Pa. Am very glad to get your practice work. You seem to start out pretty well. You need more work on movement — Don't
neglect it. Study the figures closely.
E. B., Ohio. Your work is good. Your elliptical exercises are too nearly round. Be careful with the small letters— make them more
accurate if you can.
H. B. H., Pa. You are doing better. I like the paper better than the rougher surface. Don't end your letters and words with a dot,
but while the pen is in motion. Work for a lighter line.
F. W. B., Pa. Your work is some better, but you still need more movement. You write too slowly — put more steam back of your pen.
B. A. H., Pa. Your small letters are accurate, but you write slowly, don't you? Try to cultivate a freer arm movement. Don't
neglect the movement exercises.
B. H.. W. Va. You have made a decided improvement. Keep on and you ought to make a good penman. I admire nice writing
don't you ?
C. H. L.. Minn. Glad to get your work. Make the elliptical exercises more compact. You do well with the small letters. Don't
neglect the figures, and work to make your small letters more accurate.
C. K. K., Pa. You need more movement. Study the small letters in detail. Your small letter writing is quite good. Keep at it.
C. D. L., Pa. You need movement in big doses. Go back to lesson one. Establish a good arm movement, then apply it to written work.
A. ^t., R. I. Better work this month. Keep the good work up.
K. N., Mo. You are doing better work. Make your small letters smaller. Give all the time you can to penmanship.
C. D. P., Texas. Very good for the first trial. You have no reason to feel discouraged. Give what time you can to penmanship, and
come again.
E. P., Pa. are doing better work. Your line is nice
You and smooth, but your forms might be more accurate. Make all downward
strokes straight to the line, then glide to the next letter.
J. W. Va. Your work is better, but get down to more accurate writing if you can. Practice lots.
D. P.,
N. W. R., N. Y. Pav more attention to the downward strokes in writing. They are the back-bone to all good written work, and they
should be firm and straight to the line. You make your single letters too big, and write your words too small — be more uniform in this.
Come again. Ask questions. I want to help you.
E. J. S., Wis. Glad to get vour letter and work Your movement exercises are beautifully made. You ought surely to get a certifi-
cate. You like The Business'Educator don't you ? It's a fine Journal.
T. J S., Iowa. Now you are improving. Your work shows more force back of it. Don't raise your pen so often in writing words, and
keep it moving freely over your pa pet.
L. E. S., Md. Don't make your downward strokes so heavy. You seem to have a good movement, but your forms might be more
accurate.
J. S., Minn. You need more work on movement— your line i-^ a little weak Your downward strokes need to stand rmt firm to the line.
 your practice work each month so that I can criticise it in THE
BUSINKSS EDUCATOR.
J N. S., Md. Send me
ellipse too nearly round. You are not careful enough
with your small letter writing. Your ink
H. B. S.. N. J. You make the compact
seems too black.
Keep right on and try to become one of the best in the country.
R R. S . W. Va. You are doing nicely.

not the shoulder- should be longer. Vm.f

shorter, ^our
,,t»i„ „!,„,*„,
in the small letters, and make the loop letters
a little
E. W. S., W. Va. Don't make the ending strokes so long
movem^ern^is^good.^^^
your small letters-they are firm and straight to the line. Keep
do good work. I like the downward strokes in
right^onjvith your
Don't neglect penman-
^";^'^;;°;^;^^^^..^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^.^^ ^^^^^^^ ,^ ,,,^ ,„,,„ .^tters shorter- they are too long.
ship— it doesn't pay.

__._._-:^;„: W^ f i^o.^ right f»a mest 1 V.

if earnestly.
rork well. I have no special criticism to make. Keep
i.. ri n t it
at «rlif
D. S. W., Pa. Y
ke a nice form, but your movement is a little slow
-that will come later,
E. E.W., N. J.vour practice work to me. Y
Send all
however. See how much better you can do next month.
not quite so good. Work faithfully upon them. You curve
JW N.Y. Your minimum letters are fine. Your extended
the down strokes in z too much. You can become a fine penman.
letters are
Come again.

Plate 31.
one. The stem should be well compounded.
The S requires a well-controlled arm movement. The upward stroke should be a short
Number 7 is made with a lateral motion of the arm. Be precise about down ward str okes.

y^^i^.^^..^-/^-^^^-^'-^^^

Plate 32.
G in the first stroke and loop. Have the angle well to the right and quite sharp.
The S is similar to
Plate 33.
Keep the stem straight and properly «'^°t^^ 'so have
The P B and i? are an interesting group of the reverse or indirect action. f
spacing and a
the s^em ^'tfaced with the second up-ftfoke of each letter
and carefully curved. Number 7 is a good exercise for uniform
strong, precise line.
Plate 34.
movement. Keep forms quite wide. Rotundity is a
The forms given in this plate are ones which require a free, yet well-controlled,
strong characteristic with these. (CriticismB on pa^e 15.)
:'/s-/r/>

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Practical Business IDritinc^

Cls Ctpplic6 to Business ^orms

SclL'TIl FRAMINCMA
ki?i^m>m».Mmmmmii^^j^mmMUr^^M^m/<^m£myjmm3:, i'->£>/,yS'3

it
Crutbs.— Our suljject f ir wrilin^ fnr the subsequent lessons is Truths. No one conies in contact with people in.. re than the man oi
woman in business life. It is for thi« reason that one in the commercial worhl should study mankind and learn what features mark the
successful man and woman. Ri;;ht lii-ingand right thinking should be the first. We will note what truly great men and wi>rnen write.
In considering the tlioii^lits expressed do not neglect your penmnnship. Study the syninictrx of form, the unity of letters, the
icrace of lines.
 ,^^^ia/n^d^(^f/iu^ai^ ^
Scrmoncts or Supplcmcntarv Copies bv Francis B. Courtney, Comment bv C. P. Zaner.

fZ--z2:^^-^^:;2:>C-<i,:^>'^ ^

Good
applic
noted
engra
of money. They were gotten out for yo portance and need of better penmanship.
the
is said, knocks at everyone's door once. This is youroppirtunlty to recognize
Will you pass it by, or take advantage of it ? In the lang.iage of the day, " it is up to you.

',^£...'f-Z^'C^>t^--?^-..^?^Z^--^--t-^^<^

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the moment without the delay which accompanies detail

Certain things must be taken for granted and acted upon at
investigation. Certain other things need to be investigated
- probed to the bottom, before being -"' "»""' ".° ';!'"'^^^;j:
which these two courses to pursue. This l-^"'"""^* °"
long it takes. The necessary thing is to know, in an instant,
of
^"[^^
others call it business judgment, and many consider t nothing
the difference between success or failure. Some call it intuition,
you'll not stop to argue the necessity of acquiring a good
other thTn^ood horse- or common-sense. Do you possess it ? Then
handwriting.

.^^'^>'-<^^t^€^-^^

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to visit the \. M C. A. or the

Eager to find or to shun work; to learn or to kill time; to conserve or to dissipate energy ;

morality spent therein to use choice hnglish

saloon to =eek advice or to avoid it to smoke and drink or to save the money and
• ;
;

slang; to write well or to idle the time required to learn, determines the true worth of any young man. Better take
or the latest
an inventory of your desires to know where you are and whither you are going.
 f^^fSBud^mi^^^f/iu^iiir' ^
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Currier's Criticisms.
E. E. W., Paterson, Capitals are quite good this time but small letters need more practice. Try to get uniformity.
T. J. S.,
re somewhat
Boone, la.
stiff.
I feel confident you have done some conscientious practice. The top of small z is too large, also capitals M and

I*. R. N., Mont. I like the spirit of your letter. The lines are too light and irregular this time, but otherwise you are on the right road.
E. B. S., Pa. You are still timid on the movement question, but you are improving steadily. Practice Plate No. 26 more.
F. W. W., Pa. Shall watch your progress with much interest. Letters are too small and cramped. Work hard on Plate No. 26.

C. H. I,, N. J. Your work is the best I have received. Have no particular criticism to make this time.

E. J. McC, N. J. Practice on capitals I and / more. Study details carefully. Improving fast.

J. A. F., Mass. Try to be more systematic. Make line after line of each word or exercise. Practice movement exercises vigorously.
W. D. G., i\. J. Do not point cap of F and T upward. Base of capital / is too long. Small letters are fine.

;>-i^>€?-t-<-^ ^
 ^^^^ud^ied4/<^4iu:a/fr^ ^
" It Ts Up to Vou." than any you shall ever again en-
counter.
The making of a good journal is What you do today, what you shall
not the work of one or two people, secure in return for your investment,
but of many. will, in a large measure, determine
The editor may do much or little, the nature and extent of your future
but the most he can do is but a small transactions and profits.
part of what there is to be done. You are doubtless paying for your
Not infrequently it is the associate- tuition (or some one is 'paying it for
editor, or the sub-editor, or the inasmuch as every one admires good you and thereby making of you a
special staff contributors that do the writing and enjoys looking at it. On debtor), your tirhe is certainly worth
important part, and the large part. the other hand, poor writing rad- considerable, if it is ever going to be
To the lot of the business manager, iates gloom causes the brow to
;
of value, and your effort is surely of
the advertising solicitor, the sub- lower and the frown to appear in enough importance to weigh so'me-
scription getter belongs the palm for one's effort to decipher it. thing in thebalance of endeavor.
unrelenting, day-in and day-out en- Good writing causes your letter of In all, therefore, you are investing
deavor. application to receive first and there- money for tuition in time, perhaps
;

Next in order come the agents or by best attention. Good writing nine months; and in effort, all, I
club raisers to them no small por-
;
frequently finds a special place in hope, that you can intelligently direct
tion of the success of a magazine theemployer's desk, and its writer a and summon.
like The Bisi.xess Educator is due. desirable position, while poor writing Your expenditure ought to be rep-
Not infrequently a word on their part finds an early grave in the waste- resented somewhat thus :

ineans many subscriptions to the pub- basket. ;\Ior'e poorly addressed and
lishers. And in nine cases out of ten investment
written letters of application, in-
not a cent does he retain for his quiry, and request go the way of Tuition for nine luos.
trouble. Indeed, he is usuallv " out the waste-basket unopened and' un- Board and Room $3.50 (</

of pocket " for postage, and money a week for weeks

read, than you may judge or imagine.
'6ft

Clothes, laundry and in-

order, and time, all because he has There are mstances where not more cidentals
helped to push a good thing along. than six of the best addressed letters Earnest, industry in en-
And last, but not by any means the have been opened out of a bunch of deavoring to learn at
least, comes the regular subscriber
$2 00 a day for 36 weeks,
fifty in answer to an advertisement. 5 days a week
with his support direct from the But to revert to the first thought Total investment $612.00
pocket. Not infrequently he accom- suggested in the beginning, it is not
panies his remittance with a compli- a bad thing to think of a handwriting The question is, are you getting
ment and a suggestion. The first as a real companion one who or ;
your money's worth ? Are you getting
supports, the second cheers, and the that which is neither easily nor some interest on your money and
last improves. lightly won. Good writing requires profit on your investment besides ?
We wish more of you would be free no srriall amount of wooing and work If not, you are not striking a good
to offer suggestions for the improve- to acquire, and like a worthy life- bargain not the kind that leads suc-
;

ment of The Business Educator. partner, is worth its weight m gold cessward.
Let them be in the form of criticisms to any who may worthily acquire it. And if you fail don't blame the
or suggestions just so they do the
; As a youngman, or ayoungwoman, "other fellow" (the school), blame
work. you cannot too soon divorce yourself yourself, the cause of failure.
Why not you, right now, write us from that poor handwriting, and be- But I trust you are making good
freely what you should like to see gin the winning of a fair and faithful use of your money, time, and efforts,
ne.xt year in The Business Educator. hand. But, like he or she who has rather than investing the same in
Also, what you do not wish to see been mismated and is desirous of cigars, in a " good time," and in a
that_ we are' now giving. Don't be securing a divorce, but finds it both saloon or on the street corner.
afraid ot hurting our feelings. We troublesome and expensive, so he or Now that you see that your invest-
haven't any on this topic — only cold, she who has acquired a poor hand- ment is larger than you had, perhaps,
calculating intellect. writing, and is anxious for a divorce- calculated, see to it that j-our returns
We want to publish //w best possible ment from it, will also find that it in knowledge and skill are equally
journal. With yoiii- help we can. will be somewhat difficult to get rid large. If you do, then will returns
Write todav. of inasmuch as something better all through life be equally profitable.
must be secured to take its place. Do you e.xcel in school ? Then
n I)andwrititig, a Cife Companion For the same reason that in real you'll excel in life. Do you apply
life society's unfortunates seek the yourself faithfully? Then will you
lawyer and the court to dissolve the prove faithful in life. Are you serving
Did you ever stop to consider se- bonds that bind and gall, so you, as your best interests ? Then will you
riously the fact that a handwriting, a poor penmen, will do well to seek serve the best interest of those in-
good or bad, is a life companion ? a teacher and a school in which to trusted to you later.
Did you ever think of it as being a get rid of that wretched, unprofitable Far reaching? Yes, indeed. No
help or a hindrance all along life's handwriting. The time is now. The other bargain you'll ever make will
pathway ? Did you ever really rec- place the best school you can at-
is mean so much as the one you are now
ognize the full value of an accom- tend. Or, if you are employed and making. See to it that you allow no
plishment which makes of the act of cannot attend school, The Business precious moments to pass unused
writing a joy rather than a dread ? Educator is the next best means at no unfair motives to enter into your
Think whatit means on the one hand your command. transactions no selfish impulses to
;

to find writing a pleasure and some- rufile your temper no careless effort
;

thing of which to be proud, or on to spoil a page no thoughtless act to

;

the other hand, a task and something First and Far Reaching. mar a margin.
of which you are continually ashamed, Graduate with such habits of
and for which a constant apology is The course of study and practice thought and action, such knowledge
necessary but inadequate. you are now prosecuting, be it in and skill whereby you may realize
Good writing attracts attention as bookkeeping, shorthand, typewriting, handsome dividends all through life.
much as good clothes, good manners, penmanship, or in all combined, rep- Don't think some other school is
or a smile. Did you ever compare resents your first, large, important better or can do more for you suc- ;

good vv-riting to smiles ? But the investment of money, time, and cess awaits you where you are, not
comparison is not as far fetched as effort. somewhere else. Be faithful and
you may at first imagine. Good No matter what
_
the future may equal to your present task of getting
writing is graceful - is made up of have in store for you, and no matter a practical education and the cost, no
graceful lines —and is the e.xpression how large and important the transac- matter how large it may now seem,
of ease in action, joy in execution, tions you may make or engineer, the will, in the end appear trivial, and
and satisfaction as a product. Its one yon are now making is fraught will prove to be the greatest invest-
grace lines constantly radiate cheer. with greater possibilities and results ment of your life,
 new Tcderation Officers.
President, C. P. Zaxer Columbus, Ohio
1st Vice-President, F. B. Virden, Chicago
2nd Vice-President, W. O. Davis Erie, Pa.
Secretary. J. C. Walker, Detroit
Treasurer, C. A. Faust New York City

Etceeutive eemmittee
J. A. Stephens, Chairman, Metropolitan Business College, Chicago
E. W. Spencer, Spencerian Business College, Milwaukee
J. Clifford Kennedy Gutches' Metropolitan Business College, Detroit
J. F. Fish, Northwestern Business College, Chicago

Jidvisory eouncil.
Shorthand Section Penmanship Section
Selby A. Morati, Ann Arbor, Mich. A. X. Palmer, - - ---Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Thos. P. Scully Cincinnati, Ohio H.G. Healey, - New York City
A. C. Van Sant, Omaha, Neb. C. P. Zaner, - Columbus, Ohio

Business Section: Business manaaers' Section:

A. F. Harvey, - Waterloo, Iowa J.A. Lyons, - Chicago, 111.
T. \V. Bookmyer, .-. Sandusky, Ohio J.F. Fish - Chicago, 111.
D. L. Musselman, Jr.,-- - - Quincy, 111. R. C. Spencer, Milwaukee, Wis.

Private Commercial School managers' Jlssociation.

Officers. executive Committee.
President, Enos Spencer, - Louisville. Ky. A. D. Wilt, Chairman ---- Dayton, Ohio
Vice-President, D. I. Rowe, - Milwaukee, Wis. M. L Miner, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Secretary-Treasurer, T. W. Bookmyer,- Sandusky, Ohio J. G. Dunsmore, Stanton, Va.

national Business Ceacbers' Jlssociation.

Officers. Executive Committee.
President, W. E. White, -- Gem City Bus. Col., Quincy, 111. E. E. Gay lord. Chairman Beverly, Mass.
Vice-President. W
S. Ashby, -- Bowling Green, Ky. S C. Williams, --- Rochester, N. Y.
Secretary, G. E. King Cedar Rapids, Iowa J. A. Hiner, - Louisville, Ky,

national Shorthand Ceachers' Jlssociation.

Officers. Executive Committee.
President Andrews, Pittsburg, Pa. P. Scully, Chairman, -- Cincinnati, Ohio
Vice-Presi ti Antwerp, --- -.Louisville, Ky.
Secretary, W. I. T rmond,-- -- - Evansville, Ind.

national Penmanship Ceachers' Jlssociation.

Officers. Executive Committee.
Lakewood, Ohio
President, F. F. Musrush,
Vice-President, Burt German,
Secretary, J. K. Kenshaw,
— - -
Fremont, Ohio
Philadelphia, Pa.
C. R. Tate,
J.
Chairman,
H. Bachtenkircher.
A. N. Palmer, -
Cincinnati, Ohio
La Fayette, Ind.
Cedar Rapids, Iowa

CHICAGO, THE NEXT PLACE OF MEETING.

Che Federation meeting comfort and happiness of their Committee will be fair enough to
Probably the largest attendance in guests. Some of us had not forgotten have the business meeting on the
the history of the Federation the ;
their hospitality on the occasion of first or the second afternoon or even-
worst possible weather ever brewed ;
our last meeting with them, about ing of the convention, while the most
a program of exceptional interest, seven years ago. of the teachers are present, instead
well sarried out social features of a
; The addresses at the general meet- of putting it off until the very last
high order, and harmony probably ings were of a high character and thing on the program, when many
never before equalled — these are a each of these sessions was largely will have been compelled to leave
few of the things that make the last attended. Robert C. Spencer pre- the city without being permitted to
convention of the Federation one of sided with becoming dignity and ex- express their wishes as to the choice
the most memorable of all of them. pected ability. The Federation cer- of officers or a place of meeting.
The Palmer House, which was tainly heaped honor on itself when it That there will be politics now as
headquarters, was once the pride of chose this venerable, catholic-minded before goes without saying. No
the Windy City, but it has certainly man and veteran commercial educa- teachers' association that ever
fallen to second rank in external tor as its presiding officer last year. amounted to anything has got along
appearance, though its accommoda- The amendments to the constitu- without politics. It is not desirable
tions were quite as good as any that tion were well received, and, though that it should do so. The one thing
the Federation has ever enjoyed in tardily brought to vote, the will of that has been fought for during four
Chicago. Kates were very reasonable, the members, as emphatically ex- or five years is the right of every
and the location was convenient. pressed at the Detroit meeting four member to have a part in the politics,
Messrs. Gondring & Virden, our years ago, was finally embodied in to prevent a little ring from making
hosts, of the Chicago Business Col- the constitution, and henceforth a "close corporation" out of the
lege, made us all welcome in their everj'one may have a part in the bus- organization, as is possible at
spacious rooms, and they spent much iness affairs of the Federation, if present -in the Eastern Commercial
valuable time in looking after the only the president and the Executive Teachers' Association.
 HON. W. N. FERRIS
DK. WILLIAM A. SCOTT.

hearty, healthy rivalry between

must teach that education does not suggested a National Board of rep-
A mean a chance to rest, to have a good resentatives from the Federation and
Clifford Kennedy and C. P. Zaner
J.
time, to get along without work, but affiliated organizations, which repre-
was settled by the ballots without that it means better preparation for sentative body should presumably
heartburning or bitterness, simply noble service; that we must get our move on the works of the N. E. A.,
because everybody felt that he had
joy out of living as we go along in- and, by a smothering fire of oratory
enjoyed "a square deal." The most stead of waiting fatuously for some and ballots, retake the important
forceful objection raised against the
illusory tomorrow. He said business position, for what ultimate good pur-
annulling of the former plan of elect-
teachers in particular must relate pose we do not know. Uncle Robert
ing the Federation officers was the mental training to material resources and his estimable sister-in-law, to-
prophecy that the larger sections
;

and then he paid a high tribute to the gether with some other excellent
would act as a body and control the artistic outgrowths of so-called com- people, cannot quite get away from
elections. In view of that charge, we the days of auld lang syne. We do
mercialism" in Chicago, ethical, mu-
regret that sectional lines were drawn not blame them, for their attitude is
sical, altruistic.
to the extent of one section's caucus- President Spencer was in good very natural to those who have ac-
ing and pledging itself to sustain a voice as he began to read his ad- complished work of such enduring
given candidate. It will be far better
for all interests if the contest for
dress— "The President's Message," worth as they have performed but ;

as it was afterward called in allusion the children are growing up and they
Federation honors is allowed to be
to its didactic and prolix character. recognize that times change, there-
settled by individual votes in open
Federation meeting, unhampered by
He gave a statistical review of com- fore they are not especially disquieted
mercial education an explanation of because the high school commercial
instructions from any of the various
;

the purpose of the various kinds of teachers have injected some life into
sections. We have harmony. Let us
commercial schools and a criticism
; an organization that was about to
keep it.
of soliciting children to leave prepar- give up the ghost for lack of atten-
Cbe Keception
atory schools for commercial schools tion from its parents.
About one hundred members were before obtaining a proper founda- After commending the plan for an
present in the parlors of the Palmer tional training. He reviewed the his- American Institution of Commercial
House on Monday evening to enjoy tory of commercial schools and allied Education in the District of Colum-
the reception and the light refresh- organizations from the time of bia, President Spencer described a
ments that were served. Of course Messrs. Bryant and Stratton until plan for nationalizing commercial and
the most of those present were from today, tracing the beginning of the industrial education and putting such
Chicago and near-by points because Department of Business Education institutions under the control of the
the trains bearing many of the more of the N. E. A., and following it Department of Commerce and Indus-
distant teachers were delayed. Never- through its various vicissitudes to its try. He would have an amendment
theless, the reception was altogether fall (!) into the hands of high school (easily accomplishe'd !) to the Consti-
'

successful, and started the convention commercial teachers, in which low tution, making it possible for Con-
off with its wheels nicely lubricated. estate it now is. To rescue it from gress to enact laws for a national
its abject condition, the president system of education, and making the
TUESDAY AFTERNOON right of elective franchise to rest on
Governor-elect Deneen sent a rep- an educational test. He recom-
resentative to welcome the Federation ROBERT C. SPENCER. mended a national Normal School for
to Chicago, and he did it well, al- the training of commercial and in-
though the very windows of heaven dustrial teachers, this institution to
were opened in the morning to dump be located in the District of Columbia.
barrels of Lake Michigan water on In closing, Mr. .Spencer paid a lofty
our devoted crania, in the form of a tribute to his father's immortal ser-
driving rain and while the welcom-
; vice in establishing a system of writ-
ing rhetoric was rolling forth, old ing, and he complimented the press
Boreas gripped the window frames of our profession.
and laughed as he rattled them till The address, though entirely too
we could hear nothing else. Then long, was thought-inspiring, broad
W. N. Ferris, "who ran 165,000 votes S^' in conception, and effective in treat-
ahead of his ticket, and he was on ment. However, the feeling of some
the wrong too," rose, amid
ticket, of the auditors was unwittingly voiced
spontaneous and loving applause, to by the editor of the Phonographic
respond. He met the raillery that U'oiid, who, in prefacing a motion,
had been used in introducing him, said he congratulated those present
by badinage equally playful. Then on having lived long enough to listen
he launched into one of his charac- to this address. A wave of appreci-
teristic enthusiastic, magnetic ad- ation, both audible and visible, swept
dresses with lofty thought and serious over the three hundred listeners.
purpose. He dwelt on the import- It was then announced that E. N.
ance of business . education in its Jliner, of the Phonographic World,
relation to providing women with had been appointed official stenogra-
self-support he declared that we
;
 f^^3Bu^fneU/i^4/iu:a&?^ ^
jsher and that he had agreed to pub- who heard this scholarly man was
lish a verbatim report of the proceed-
impressed with the idea that he was
listening to a person entitled to his
ings for $;W0. This arrangement was
confirmed by the Federation. Each degree." The difference between gilt
member will obiain a copy free, and and gold is sometimes easily recog-
others can obtain the report by re- nizable even to the unitiated. We
mitting $2 to the secretary ot the hope to publish this address in full.
Association of which they would like The convention was honored by the
to be considered a member.
unexpected presence of the Hon.
This is a move that has been prom- Timothy L. Woodruff, formerly Lieut.
ised for two years, but that has hung
Governor of New York (during Gov-
fire until this time. Thr Business ernor Roosevelt's administration and )

EDUrATOR has done all it could to now president of the Smith Premier
promote the plan, believing that the Typewriter Company. We were all
thousands of commercial teachers glad to hear his interesting and
who are unable to attend these meet- encouraging address, especially since
ings should have an opportunity to he ascribes to his commercial school
training a place of honor alongside
put themselves in touch with their
his course in Yale, and further, be-
profession by reading a report of the
proceedings.' While" the professional cause he is a son-in-law of the noted
press have done all they could to get H. G. Eastman, founder of Eastman
College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
out a fair resume of the proceedings,
no publication could afford to issue a At the close of this meeting, C. C.
A. C. VAN .s.VNT.
Marshall brought up the two amend-
verbatim report, and the result has
been very unsatisfactory to all con- ments of which he gave notice at
manifestations ofpractical civic Cincinnati last year. Some lively
•

cerned.
pay an annual membership righteousness. We trust that some discussion took place, and one mern-
We now those present who have ber, in attempting to create senti-
fee of $2.00, just as the members of at least of
the N. E. A. do, and we are to have never made any effort, through for- ment against the measure, pointed
mal teaching, to instruct their stud- out that the proposed amendment
a volume of the proceedings, just as
ents in the machinery and the duties regarding the election of officers
we who belong to the N. E. A. do. would make it necessary to change
By the way, the report of the St. of citizenship will be moved to make
an effort in this patriotic direction. the entire constitution. Some one
Louis meeting of the N. E. A. last
summer is in the members' hands Judge Carter was followed by Mr. had the courage to "call this bluff""
now. We hope that the report of the Henry S. Henschu, cashier of the by asking the speaker to present a
State Bank of Chicago, a former bill of particulars, when he weakened
Chicago meeting will make its ap- and admitted that he had not looked
pearance with promptness equally student of a Chicago commercial
school. Mr. Henschu's remarks were at the constitution for more than a
commendable.
practical and interesting, particularly year, and that he did not know of any
A petition from the Private School specific instance of the kind he had
Managers' Association, asking for a since they came from a successful
business man who had come closely referred to. The Secretary of the
change of the time of holding the Federation then showed that there
annual convention, was presented by enough in contact with a commercial
the secretary of that organization, school to be informed as to its would be no change whatever beyond
policy. The verbatim report of his that effected by the amendment, and
but it was overwhelmingly defeated. the amendment went through prac-
address will be read with interest,
WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON although not every one will agree tically unanimously. The election on
Judge Orrin N. Carter, of Chicago, with him in all particulars. For Thursday evening was held in ac-
instance, he did not take the ground cordance with the constitution as
delivered a splendid address on
" Citizenship." Those who were for- that all school men and most busi- amended, and the result was gratify-
ness men occupy namely, that short- ing to all concerned.
tunate enough to hear Judge Carter ;

will have carried with them some of hand offers an exceptionally desirable
the moral ozone that is purifying the stepping-stone for a business career.
Dr. W. A. Scott, Dean of the School
Cbe Complimentary Banquet.
political atmosphere of Chicago and
and that made the election of of Commerce of Wisconsin Univer-
Illinois,
Governor Deneen possible. Not only sity, read a thoughtful paper which "Whv does a pug dog's tail turn
commanded the close attention of all up?" asked Timothy L. Woodruff,
Chicago and the great State of Illinois eminent politician, notable raconteur,
are in need of a host of such sturdy present. Our readers will remember
the rather lively tilt a few years ago, and president of the Smith-Premier
men as Judge Carter, but every State Typewriter Company. Then he an-
and municipality in our I'nion is in in these columns, between Dr. Scott
concrete and Mr. L. L. Williams. Everyone swered his question, " To give the
crying ineed of just such
 f^^^ud/n^M^if/iUYiit^ ^
fleas a chance to loop the loop," and offered a resolution that a committee the pleasureof publishing Mr. Ferris'
you should have seen the grinning of be appointed to prepare an expression paper complete. His remarks were
the very has relief figures over the of the appreciation of the guests, and quoted in' the great dailies of the
tall doors as they caught the point that this testimonial be engrossed country and in several instances
and winked at each other as much as and presented to the Remington Com- were made the subject of thecartoon-
to say, " He's the real thing in after- pany. The resolution was adopted ist's pencil.
dinner oratory. This reminds us of unanimously, and President Spencer "The Educational and Practical
old times." Then the jolly good fel- appointed C. P. Zaner, A. N Palmer, Value of Shorthand and Typewriting "
low remembered a bit of a tilt in the and H. G. Healey. was the subject of a practical paper
afternoon meeting, with some fancy The exercises closed about eleven by A. C. Van Sant. Few who meet
allusions to wire-pulling, machine- o'clock, and, :it the request of Mr. this amiable, earnest gentleman at
working, etc., so, feeling distinctly at Van Buskirk. everybody arose and our numerous conventions realize
home, he opened his heart to his " fel- sang one stanza of "America" be- that he is already a long way past
low politicians," and told them of the fore adjourning. It was hours after- the allotted age of man and prob-;

man who one evening crawled through ward that some of the happy throng ably few know that Governor \'an
a hole into a tree to escape a pouring could calm tlieniselves sufficiently to Sant of Minnesota, who so effectually
rain, only to find next morning that go to bed. initiated the legal movements that
the water had so swollen the wood The Federation has in the past resulted in dissolving the Northern
that he could not get out. This been the recipient of many very Securities Company, is a brother of
poor man then began to think of all gracious expressions of good will our own Mr. Van Sant.
his sins, but when he recalled that he from the various typewriter com- Then followed two very interesting
panies, but undoubtedly everyone addresses by Charles R. Barrett, '
had voted for Bryan, he felt so small
that he was immediately enabled to who attended the Remington banquet Supt. of the Chicago Atheneum, on
crawl out of the hole. Well, the will agree that this great company in "Organization and Management of
acanthus leaves about the capitals of its welcome to its pedagogical friends Commercial Schools," and by A. D.
the massive pillars in the banquet maintained its high standard for Wilt, President of the Miami Com-
hall fairly rustled as the gusty laugh- thoroughness and good taste, and mercial College, Dayton, Ohio, on
ter reached them. The pillars were this is praise superlative. "The Importance, Place, and Possi-
gilded, the diners were of the gilt- THURSDAY .\FTERNOON bilities of a Course in Business
edged varietv, and we were sitting in An unusually full program occu- Ethics and Morality in the Curri-
the banquet hall of millionaire Potter pied the attention of the loyal mem- culum of the Educator." Mr. Wilt
Palmer's famous caravansary; fur- bers who were in their places Thurs- survived the name of his address and
thermore, the joke was told by a New day afternoon. The editor of The made a good impression on his
York "gold-bug," so we had to ap- Business Educator was the first on hearers. He is one of the pioneers
preciate the point. the program, with an address on whom we are all glad to see at our
Many and pleasant have been the "The Educational and Practical meetings.
dinners at which the older members Value of Penmanship." Mr. W. C. Stevenson, President of
of the Federation have sat down, but W. N. Ferris then gave an inspir- the Department of Business Educa-
no one ever ate a good dinner on a ing talk on the co-relation of the tion of the N. E. A., invited every-
large scale where there was greater branches taught in commercial body to be present at the next meet-
harmony, more geniality, or a larger schools. It would be unf.Tir to this ing, to be held in Asbury Park, N. J.,
and more earnest hospitality shown distinguished friend of commercial next July, and told us of some of the
than in the complimentary banquet schools to attempt to summarize his extraordinary good things that are to
given to the Federation and its friends address here. We shall hope to have be on the intellectual menu at that
by the Remington Typewriter Com- famous summer resort among them —
pany. The great hall was attractively MRS. JOHN R. GREGG. John Brisben Walker, of the Cosmo-
decorated vvith cut flowers, probably politan, who will tell what he meant
three hundred guests made merry dur- by his comment on the teaching of
ing the physical part of the feast, an business morals in the commercial
excellent orchestra played unusually schools.
good music. Host \'an Buskirk, for THURSDAY EVENING
his Company, was the gracious master The result of the election is given
of ceremonies, and the afterrnath was at the beginning of this report. In-
easily up to the average, notwithstand- vitations were received from the
ing one or two of the speakers forgot Spaulding Commercial School, Kan-
that "brevity is the soul of wit." sas City; Gem City Business College,
Robert C. Spencer, John F. Soby, H. Ouincy, 111.; from H. L. Andrews,
M. Rowe, W. C. Stevenson, Mrs. John Pittsburg, and from O. M. Powers,
R. Gregg, Mr. Pennington, Manager Chicago. It was decided that the next
of the Chicago office of the Oliver meeting should be held in the rooms
Tvpewriter Co., and Timothy L. of the ^letropolitan Business'College,
Woodruff were the speakers. Chicago.
During the speaking, C. P. Zaner
riR. H. ?I. ROWK.
JOHN F. SOBY.
 A. F. HAK\ EY. W. K. WHITE. W. S. ASH BY.

Wright of Philadelphia Bookmyer his correspondence. The letter sent

Business Ccacbers' Jlssociation. of Sandusky.
;

out is a mirror of the writer. Her

Mr. S. S. Hookland of Philadelphia, paper was well written and admirably
Reported by VV. H. VVHIGAM. Chicago. being prevented from attending, sent read.
a representative, Mr. J. K. Renshaw, Sherwin Cody followed with "Why
The assembly was calledto order who read Mr. Hookland's paper on English is so Poorly Written." This
by President Harvey promptly at 9 " How to Excite the Student's Inter- practical paper was followed bj' an
o clock. His first announcement re- est in Bookkeeping." This was one animated discussion, in which S. C.
lated to calling to order promptly at of the most interesting and valuable Williams of the Rochester, N. Y.,
this time each da^-, a rule strictly ad- papers offered in this section during Business Institute, was one of the
hered to during' the meetings. Its the sessions. It is worthy of careful most interesting participants.
worthiness needs no commendation. reading bv all. It will be published Three papers could hardly have
In his address, the president em- in full by The Educator. This been presented that would have met
phasized the value and importance of paper was quite thoroughlv discussed with more nearly universal approval.
membership in the Association. This by G. E. King, T. W. Bookmyer, Mr.
meeting had plenty of live wires for Reigh, E. E. Gaylord, J. E. Plummer, WEDNESD.W.
all wide awake and progressive com- J. A. Heiner, and D. I. Rowe, of Mil- The query box brought out ani-
mercial teachers. waukee. mated discussion in regard to the
The query bo.x proved to be a source Josephine Turck Baker presented trial balance, and whether the student
of valuable information, and not the "Business English for the Business should be permitted to copy his work,
least important feature of the meet- Man." This was one of her usual and whether the first record should
ings, tor it furnished live subjects to forceful, practical, and comprehens- be final.
be discussed from time to time. It is ive treatises on the subject of English, " What Must Not Be Omitted in the
a commendable feature inasmuch as such as we expect and always get Teaching of Business Arithmetic,"
it affords an opportunity to all to say from the editor of " Correct Eng- by W. N. Ferris, Big Rapids, Mich.,
something. It makes all members lish." came next. Everyone expected some-
feel that they belong to the Associa- Frances Effinger-Raymond read thing good, and no one was disap-
tion. It was a source of interest " The Problem of English in the pointed by the able manner in which
throughout the meeting. Discussions School," appealing for good, sensible, the subject was presented. The _

were entered into during the day by practical English. Train students to speaker emphasized the necessity of
practically the entire membership. think correctly, and make the correct concentrating on few subjects, rather
In order to facilitate acquaintance application. The business man wants than to divide the time, considering
among members of various sections, the credit of well-worded English in questions that only a few will ever be
it was suggested that a Committeeof interested in. " Teach students how
Introduction be named, whose duties JOSKPHINE I IRCK B.AKER. to work; concentrate, not scatter; a
were obvious. The following were few things well rather than many
named by the chairman White of :
things indifferently."
8uincy White of Moline King of
; ;
The discussion was started by W.
edar Rapids Whigam of Chicago
; ;

SHFRWIN CODV.
H. whi(;a:>t.
 G. E. KING. E. W. SPENCER.

Mr. G. E. King, of Cedar Rapids, Heport of the

E. White of Ouincy, 111., and followed
by C. C. Marshall, S. C. \Villiam.s, Iowa, gave an excellent talk on PenmansbiD Section
and several others, all emphasizing- " Teaching Rapid Calculation."
the need of more oral work and less Rapid calculation should produce Tl'ESD.W, Die. :!. 'M.
written work. In fact, it seemed to mental agility and closeness of con- Xolc. This report is written from notes
be the opinion that of the two, oral is carefully nnti profusely made for Tun BUSI-
ceptional accuracy first, and speed NESS EdI'CATiik hy the efficient Secretary,
by far the more important. later. The second is naturally a re- Mr. Musrush, now our wortli.y Fresiilent.-
J. A. Lyons, of Chicago, needs, no Editok.
introduction. In his address on sultant of the first. Those who had
"The Pedagogy of Law" he said he been appointed for discussion were The Ninth Annual Convention of
conducted classes by the so-called not present, and the meeting ad- the National Penmanship Teachers'
lecture system, believing that illus- journed on time. Association was a distinct success.
trations should be used in the eluci- While not as largely attended as
THURSD.W. last year, nor perhaps as enthusiastic
dation of principles. The speaker
critici.,ed the case method in its appli- The morning's work was introduced as one or two previous meetings, it
cation in commercial schools, believ- by discussing several query bo.x was an unqualified success.
ing that the student should be able questions. Mr. M. D. Fulton read Of all the meetings which have pre-
to draw his own conclusions from the "The Account Method of Beginning ceded the one in Chicago, none have
presentation of facts unless he has the Teaching of Bookkeeping." His been quite as serenely harmonious
sufficient time to make an exhaustive presentation was a history of ac- from beginning to end as the one last
study of facts in different cases, counts ;a very valuable historical held. In unity of good fellowship
which is practically impossible in production. the meeting' was all one could have
commercial schools. " Filing Correspondence," the next desired.
This paper was followed by Mr. E. subject, was presented by Mr. R. A. Had there been more disagreements
W. Spencer with an article on " How Simonson of Chicago. His splendid doubtless there would have been more
to Teach Law Profitably." The paper and remarks were supplement- enthusiasm and noise and a larger
speaker dwelt on the methods of com- ed by a vertical cabinet file and card crowd, but something more than size
mercial development with the history index. determines success.
of customs and usages. He empha- Mr. F. A. Keefover of Cedar Rap- The first number on the program
sized the value of law from the stand- ids, Iowa, gave a short talk on "Sys- was a most thoughtful and practical
point of citizenship. One who is tem," which he defined to be "doing paper by the brainy, energetic, mag-
versed in law understands thoroughly of some things in some way." The netic M. D. Fulton'of Auburn, K. 1.,
the injunction, "Do unto others as system, if properly used, is a time entitled "After the Lesson', What?"
you would that others should do un- and monev saver. In no unmistakable terms Mr. Ful-
to you." These able piresentations W. H. Whigam of Chicago, followed ton condemned copy-book play and
called forth some animated dis- with a talk and problem on " Higher busy work for beginners. He advo-
cussion. Accounting." cated the teaching of writing in the
B. F. Williams, of Des Moines, was The election resulted as indicated High School, and believes that all
absent, so his paper was not read. at the beginning of this report. written work should be criticised or

W. F. CVDWELI,. J. A MINER.
 J. K. KENSUAW.
)•'. F. MUSk'L'SH.

co:nplimenled by the teacher. He

ulsu beliL'\cs ill aiul advocates big Mr. Healey advocates penciling the
pencils and cunscquemly big writing j\. 11. HIN.H.\.\'.
script first, then outlining it with
for the children, declaring: "Spare pen and ink, and then filling it in
the big pencil and handicap the solid. The accompanying illustra-
child." ment ratherthan slant, start the tions show the method very plainly
" Incentives to Effort" was the title movement with a driving exercise, in and were handed to the members of
of a most helpful, practical paper by and out the sleeve. There must be a the convention to illustrate the sub-
Mr. C. R. Tate, Cincinnati, O. definite starting and ending point in ject.
Telling and showing what former every letter. No pupil will learn un- "Organizing and Teaching Itiner-
pupils had accomplished served as til his latent power is aroused. ant Writing Classes" was the topic
an incentive to many. Penmanship WEDNESD.W FORENOON assigned to and so ably handled by
awards and certificates by the pen- Mr. Burt German, Fremont, O.
manship journals did much to arouse The first number on the program, Itinerant writing pays if handled
interest. M'.vemcnt exercises in the entitled "Plans for Getting Work wisely. Advertise for success. Begin
form of scrolls, wheels, exercises, from Pupils" by J. K. Renshaw, opening night with some entertaining
etc., aided to encourage. Sometimes Philadelphia, proved a most helpful feature. An opening lesson was
an oblique holder would create confi- talicand paper. given. Three dollars for ten lessons
dence — once aroused the work could Enthuse the pupil. Grade all work was the charge he made.
be carried on successfully. " Keep given. Keep within the pupil's grasp. Mr. German exhibited the largest
hammering away if you would attain See that the instructions are followed. exercises made with the pen ever
success." Correlate writing and other branches. shown at a convention, and the work
Discussion followed by Messrs. Secure fellow teachers' support. was as fine as it was large.
Keefover, German, Zaner, Criger, Develop easy and natural position. President Hinman gave a very en-
Renshaw, Barnett, Lister, Musrush Consider neatness, quality, and quan- tertaining talk, profusely illustrated
and Healey. titv in grading'. on the blackboard, upon the subject
The next number on the program !5olid and sensible characterized the "The Science of Accurale Writing
was a " Practical Writing Lesson," thought of Mr. Renshaw. Demonstrated."
by Mr. A. N. Palmer, Cedar Rapids, One of the most instructive lessons The twenty-six letters contain sixty-
Iowa. and talks before the convention was four upward curved lines and thirty
The speaker said he had seen much given by Mr. H. G. Healey, New York downward straight lines. These form
poor writing by a certain class of City, entitled "Lesson in Engraver's the basis of beauty and harmony.
muscular movement writers and that Script." One of the many illustra- The blackboards o( the various
some pupils made beautiful ovals but tions accompanying this helpful talk sections of the building bore evidence
nothing more. Muscular relaxation may be found elsewhere in this num- of his knowledge and skill of his
necessary in the child this can be ; ber of The BisiXESS Educator. subject. Year after year his artistic
secured by dropping the hand to the In part and in brief he said It is :
chalk cheers and beautifies our meet-
side of the body and then elevating the onf style for which business men ing places. Long may it continue to
into position and sliding the hand will pay a good
price. It has been in do so.
forward and backward. Go from
_
use many years and will continue in THfHSDAY MORNINC
movement drill to letter, slightly use for five hundred years to come.
slacking motion in so doing. Get
llic Variation in style not desired. It is The opening number of the pro-
the pupil to thinking about the form slow, but well worth the effort. It is gram, "Business Penmanship," was
of the motion before starting upon very commonly used in Europe. tersely and convincinglv presented
the loiter. Watch position and move- Fine pens necessary. by Mr. C. N. Crandle, Chicairo, gener

?l. n. FI'LTOX. LETTERS ILLUSTRATING !>IR. TIEALKV'S TALK. C. K. TATE.

 H. G. HKALEY.
C. A. FAUST.

ally recogriized as one of our most

While the work
of all schools represented
level-headed members. is very creditable and reflects jjreat credit
The subject is of great importance. Bl'RT GERPIAN on both pupils and teachers in the schools
Business men place great stress upon represented, we find the work from the fol-
good writing. Out of one hundred Cbe Penmen's Banquet. lowing schools
especially meritorious:
calls for help which came under his Among the public schools are Rocky River,
personal notice, eighty-nine wanted On Tuesday evening at seven Ohio; Lakewood, Ohio; St. Paul. Minn.;
good writers. Teachers differ as to o'clock about fifty penmen banqueted Lafayette, Ind.; Minneapolis, Minn.; St.
at the Windsor Clifton hotel. Mr. Louis, Mo.; Kansas City, No. Toledo, Ohio;
style, but the most successful develop ;

Faust arranged for the same and a Oberlin, Ohio; Lockport, N. Y.; and Fre-
a pupil's individuality regardless of
better time was never had. The menu mont, Ohio.
stereotype forms. Capitals should was extraordinary for the price paid, The best work from private business
be relatively small and small letters fifty cents a plate. The toastmaster, schools was submitted by Bank's Business
should be rounding. The average Mr. W. J. Kinsley, New York City, College, Philadelphia: Oberlin Business
boy does not like writing. Do not was as full of Irish wit as of old, and College, Oberlin, Ohio; and German's Busi-
overwork beginners. Fifteen minutes a roval good fellow all told. ness College, Fremont, Ohio. No work was
is long enough for beginners. Ex- After the feast of victuals came the submitted by the Parochial schools.
hibit work of each pupil weekly. feast and flow of soul, President While theitinerant work was not included
Enthusiasm pays. The parochial Uncle Robert Spencer being the first in the regular exhibit, the work submitted
to be called upon for a speech. He by Mr. German, of Fremont, Ohio, compared
schools are setting a high standard. proved as }'Oung in spirit and speech very favorably with the work of the above
A few minutes of carefully directed as the youngest, and shifted the sub- mentioned schools.
drill does much to develop good ject to and on Mr. Palmer, who took The large movement exercises work by
writing. up the thread of discourse and passed Pearl Hawes, of Fremont, Ohio, was of such
" Te.xt Lettering" was Mr. Zaner's
it on down the line to the writer, a high degree of efficiency that Mr. H. G.
topic, and he treated it in its practi- finally finishing the very sociable Healy, editor Penman's Art Journal, New
cal rather than in its most technical evening with Faust's rendition of York City, and Mr. A. N. Palmer, editor
manner. Materials should be care- "Dot Leetle Dog ob Mine." Western Penman. Cedar Rapids. Iowa, re-
fully chosen. India ink, Soennecken Among the well-known penmen quested specimens to frame and exhibit in
pens, and good cardboard or paper present we recall Spencer, Palmer, tlieir respective offices.
were recommended. Start by learn- Hinman, Kinsley, Faust. Fish, Keef- We also desire to make especial mention
ing to make vertical lines equal in over, Renshaw, Lister, German, Cri- of the writing by Jessie Ingham, aged 12
spacing and thickness. Advocated ger, Westervelt, Sr. and Jr., Gavlord, years, Carl Peterson, aged 12. and Dora
the Broad-pen Egyptian or Block al- Nettleton, Musrush, Zaner, Fulton, Sweet, aged 14 years, whose work compares
phabet for beginners. Herrick, Stockton, Tate, &-c., &c. favorably with the work of many students
The last, but not by any means the of much more mature years.
least, topic on the program was We hope the interest in the displays will
"Automatic Shading Pen Lettering Report of eommittee on Penmanship grow stronger as they are of pedagogical
bv the Auto Man," C. A. Faust, New Exhibit.
value to all teachers.
York City, also of the Auto Pen and LISTKK, Baltimore, Md.
Ink Mf'g Co., Chicago. We, the couimittee appointed to examine C. C.
Faust is a the pupils' writing submitted by the Public. C. P. ZANER. Columbus, Ohio.
master in his line, and knows the Parochial and Business Schools, beg to sub- W. J. KINSLEV, New York.
practical from the theoretical. mit the following report:

A. N, PAI.MRK. C. N. CRANDLE.
f(^'- "^
The Official Report of the Federation
V J
The commercial teaching profession upon the roll ofmembership, you on the pioneers of every worthy
is fortunate in now having the oppor- will doubtless see to it that it remains movement.
tunity of securing a complete Official there, especially after having read The election resulted as indicated
Report of the proceedings of the the complete oflicial Report, or having at the beginning of this report. The
National Commercial Teachers' Fed- attended the meeting in person. In next meeting will be held at Asbury
eration comprising four sections all the report you get all but the personal Park, N. J., July 3-7.
bound in one volume and delivered at contact, whereas by attendmg you
one time, and not in piecemeal in- get the contact and one-third of the
stallments through our professional proceedings, as three sections hold
journals. sessions simultaneously, for as yet
The Federation is to be congratula- we have found no one who could "The American Cotnniercial Schools In-
ted having
for finally arranged to divide himself into three separate stitution was incorporated under the laws
have proceedings published, and
its selves and thereby attend all. of tlie District of Columbia in December,
it is to be congratulated for having The moral is this: attend to get the with H. M. Rowe, Enos Spencer, George F.
received such a generous offer from personal contact — to size up and in Lord, Robert C. Spencer, John J. Eagan and
Mr. E. N. Miner, editor of the Type- turn be sized up or down, and then John C. Monaghan, as incorporators. At
writer and Phonographic Word, New when you get home take your time to Chicago, the contract of affiliation which
York City, to publish it. The oflicers digest what has taken place by read- was drafted by Dr. Rowe, was considered,
of the Federation wlio arranged and ing the Report. and with one or two minor changes was en-
carried out the Chicago meeting are "Do it now." Remit as directed, tirely acceptable to the school managers
to be congratulated for having man- and be happier, wiser, and more pro- present.
aged the finances so as to make the gressive and prosperous. " The Board of Trustees of the Institution
report possible. will be organized at the New York meeting
of the E. C. T. A., at which time it is hoped
How to Oet the Official Report
Che Private School managers' that contracts of affiliation will be entered
Itgiven free to members of the
is
Jlssociatioti.
into between the Institution and a number
Federation. If you are a member of schools,
you will receive a copy prepaid as "One thing seemed to be settled beyond
soon as published. If you are not a Through the kindness of Mr. N. L. the question of a doubt, and that is the suc-
member, 3'ou can secure the Report Richmond, of Kankakee, 111., and cess of the project. At first, the purpose of
by be.coming one by remitting J2.00 Secretary T. W. Bookmyer, of San- the Institution was not well understood, but
to your State Representative, or to dusky, Ohio, we are informed that, now that its plans are being developed,
the General Secretary, Mr. J. C. aside from the reports of those mem- what at first seemed to be impractical is
Walker, Detroit, Michigan, care of bers of the twenty-seven special com- found to be entirely feasible. It is also be-
the Michigan Business College. In mittees enumerated in the official coming generallj' understood and apprecia-
remitting be sure to say which sec- program, who happened to be present, ted by the school proprietors that something
tion you desire to become a member the attention of the organization was must be done to raise and maintain the
of (Shorthand, Business, or Penman- taken up chiefly with theconsideration standards of the private schools, if they are
ship,) and that you wish a copy of of the report of the Committee on to continue as a controlling factor in prac-
the Report when published. The Re- The American Commercial Schools tical education.
port is in one vulume, comprising the Institution, of which H. M. Rowe is " After the arrangements for affiliation
four sections and the Federation. the Chairman. A good deal of pro- with the Institution have been completed
The Report can also be had by re- gress was made in this matter. The the next work of the Institution is in organ-
mitting $2.00 to the publisher, E. N. charter, by-laws, and contract to be izing the teachers' training course. A re-,
Miner, .337 Broadway, N. Y. signed by commercial schools that markable interest has been shown by teach-
Enroll your name upon the member- desire to become affiliated with this ers in al' parts of the cnuntryin this course.
ship of the leading organization of Institution vvill be printed in Secre- From correspondence received by Dr. Rowe
its kind, and then have the pleasure tary Bookmyer's report. Those who and other information at hand, it is shown
and profit of reading everything of are especially interested in this or- that there are hundreds of teachers anxious-
importance said there, as well as of ganization should write to Mr. Book- ly awaiting the opportunity to take a four
every important act performed. myer, who will be glad to answer years teachers' course of high grade, leading
Membership in the National Com- questions, especially from those who to a Bachelor's degree. Just what this will
mercial Teachers' Federation is a manifest a desire to join the Private mean to the cause of commercial education,
sign of up-to-daieness, and you sure- School Managers' Association and, and especially to the quality of instruction
ly cannot afford to appear to be any by their service and their dollars, given in the private schools, is apparent to
less ihan that. Once vour name is bear a part of the burden that falls any thoughtful teacher."

F. A. KEEFOXER. T. W. BOOKMYER.

r
 W. I. TINUS, W. O. DAVIS. H. L. ANDREWS.

Report of the Shorthand Section tended to Mr. Tinus' pupils for their courtesy of these was the fact that business college
to the Association. Tiie motion was sec- proprietors enroll persons in the shorthand
By Secretary Ul. 1. Cinus onded by Mr. H. L. Andrews, and the report course who are not at all qualified to take
accepted. up the work, with the result that these
Meeting of the National Shorthand A characteristic and exhaustive paper on students become misfits in every steno-
Teachers' Association, in the Chicago "The Essential Qualifications of the Ideal graphic undertaking, and ultimately fail
Business CoUege, Chicago, Dec. 26, 1904. Sliorthand and Typewriting Teacher," Mr. in the work. He drew some very positive
Monday evening, December 26, 1904, infor- T. Clifford Kennedy, Detroit Mich. Discus- conclusions from the suggestions made
mal reception in tlie parlors at tlie Palmer sion, "From the Standpoint of the Teach- and his remarks were well received by his
House. Altliough the weather was most ers," Stephen D. Van Benthuysen, principal hearers.
unfavorable, a large number of members of the school of Commerce, Grand Prairie "The Handling and Correction of Trans-
and their friends were present and all Seminary. Onarga, 111. In the absence of cripts." In the absence of Mrs. Katharine
enjoyed a very pleasant evening. Mr. G. W. Brown, Jacksonville, 111., the Isbell, Brown's Business College. St. Louis,
Tuesday morning, December 27, 1901, meet- paper was discussed from the standpoint of Mo., Mrs. Laura J. Bailey, Barnes' Business
ing called to order, at 9: 30 o'clock, by Presi- the business college principal by Mr. L. A. College, Terre Haute led the discussion
dent \V. O. Davis, Erie, Pa. President Arnold, Denver, Col. Mr. H. L. Andrews, of on the above suljject. The following per-
Davis then delivered an address which was Pittsburg, Mrs. Frances E. Raymond, Chi- sons also took part in the discussion: Mr.
well received by the members of the Asso- cago, and Mr. Thomas P. Scully, Cincinnati, H. L. Andrews, Pittsburg; Miss Lolita L.
ciation. In the president's address, he also took part in the general discussion. Woolrich, Detroit; Mr. S. H. East, Indian-
made two recommendations: 1st. That an Mr. Durand being out of tlie city, the next apolis, and Miss Dora H. Pitts, Detroit.
Assistant .Secretary be appointed by the number was discussed by Mr. S. Bromley, Mr. .Selby Moran, Ann Arbor, Mich sug- ,

Secretary to perform such duties as the head stenographer for Armour & Co., Chi- gested that the High School teachers meet
Secretary might deem necessary to assign. cago. Mr. Bromley was at some disadvan- in the shorthand room immediately after
2nd. That the Association conduct a tage on account of not hearing the paper close of the session.
teacher's f mployment bureau for the mem- read, the subject of which he was to discuss, Resolution from the .School Managers'
bers of the Association, and suggested that "What is Required of Shorthand Graduates Association, concerning a change of the
the vice-president would be the proper and Wherein They Fail to Meet the De- time of tneeting, from holiday week to July,
official to take charge of this work. mands of Business." Nevertheless, Mr. was then read. A general discussion fol-
The Secretary's report was then read by Bromley's long and extended experience lowed in which the following persons par-
the Secretary, Mr. \V. I. Tinus, Chicago. with stenographers has made him so very ticipate!: Mr. John R. Gregg. Chicago:
In addition to the written report, Mr. Tinus familiar with their shortcomings, that he Mr. Robert Spencer, Milwaukee; Mr.
called attention to the fact that his pupils found little difficulty in presenting the Thomas P. Scully, Cincinnati; Mr. H. L.
had assisted liim greatly in carrying on his matter to the Ci>n\'entioti in a most Andrews, Pittsburg; Mr. S. A. Moran. Ann
work. After the reading, Mr. Thomas P. emphatic manner. He made many very Arbor; Mr. A. C. Van Sant, 'Omaha; Mr.
Scully moved that the report be accepted pointed remarks, such as could not be Jerome B. Howard, Cincinnati, and Mr.
as read, and that a vote of thanks be ex- misunderstood, and not the least important E. .\. -Miner, New York City.

J. CLIFFORD KENNEDY. S. D. \ AN BRNTHl'VSEN.

 F. E. HAV?rOMU. IIENKV II,

Meeting adjourned for the dny. regrets at not being able to be present. Sn:-annali .M;issey, CliiCdgo Business Col-
The next number, "Beginning and Ad- lege, proved very interesting and beneficial.
WEDNESDAY MORNING, DEC. 28, 1904
Miss .Mas-ey rend a brief paper nutllnitig
vance Dictation: Matter and Method^
Meeting of the various System Sections. Employed," was Illustrated by a shor hand her methods and then illustrated the same
This feature of the Convention proved a class, led by Mr. Aldeii S. Rinker, of the with the assistance of one of her beginning
great success, and writers of the various Metropolitan Business College, Chicago. classes. No discussion was entered lnto"at
systems took active part in these section Mr. Rinker Hrst read a paper and then gave the close of this exercise. Miss Elizabeth
meetings. dictation from notes which he had prev- Van Sant, of Omaha, then gave an excellent
9; 45. meeting called to order by the Presi- The discussion on the subject of Typewriting.
iously placed upon the blackl>oard.
dent, \V. O. Uavis. work showed that he had an e.xcellent It being Inconvenient to use the machines,
Mr. W. E. MciJertnut, verbatim reporter, method of developing his students, and the as suggested by the program, the class
Ashland Block, Chicago, read a very well number proved very interesting to the composed of teachers to Illustrate her
prepared paper on the subject " Some Ques- members. Mr. S. H. East, of Indianapolis, remarks, was omitted. At the close of Miss
tions Concerning the Development of Ind., led In discussion of this luimber. Mrs. Van Saul's remarks, Mr. Miner, of New
Rapid and Legible Writing." The discus- Raymond, Chicago, and Mr. A. C. Van Sant, York, moved that a vote of thanks be given
sion of this paper was led by Mr. Alva O. Omaha, also took part in the discussion. Miss Van Sant, for her efforts In preparing
Reser, La Fayette, Ind. In this discussion Mr. H. L. Andrews offered a resolution for the Convention, her Instructive and
Mr. McDermut gave the members the that the System Section meetings be con- helpful address. The motion was seconded
benefit of his long and varied experience in tinued on the program next year, and that by Mr. Scully, of Cincinnati Motion unani-
tlie reporting profession, and it was one of mously carried. Mr. Kelley, Chicago, Mr.
the individual sections be allowed to select
the most instructive, as well as entertaining their own officers and arrange their own S. H. East,Indianapolis, Mr H. L. Andrews,
talks, made l>efore the Convention. program. Mr. Andrews moved the adi>p. Pittsburg, Mr. Hall, Sedalia, Mo., Mr. Scully,
Mr. Henry D. Vorles, ex-State Superin- tion of the resolution. It was seconded by Cincinnati, Miss Massey, Chicago, and Mr.
tendent of Public Instruction for Indiana, Jerome B. Howard, Cincinnati. Resolution Van Sant, Omaha, took part In the general
and President of Vories's Business College, carried. Meeting adjourned for the day. discussion of this number.
Indianapolis, Ind read a very carefully
, Mr. Walter J. Durand, Employment
prepared paper. In which he gave his opin-
THLTRSDAY MORNING, DEC. 29, 1904
Department. Remington Typewriter Co.,
ion as to how the Shorthand Teacher could System Section meetings held, as outlined who was to discuss the subject " What is
correlate English and Shorthand instruc- on the program, from 9:00 to 9: 45. Requlved of Shorthand Graduates and
tion, during the period devoted to short- Coiiventioo called to order by President Wherein They Fall to Meet the Demands of
hand. Mrs. Frances Effinger Raymond, Davis at 9:45, promptly. Business," was requested at this time to
Gregg School, Chicago, led in the discussion Mr. \V. F. Cadwell, Brown's Business Col- give his address. Mr. Durand was called
of this paper. Miss Lillian Rohmer, Chi- lege, Rockford, III., not being present, the away from the city on Tuesday the27th, and
cago, Mr. Jerome B. Howard, and Miss first subject on the program, "Training In for that reason the number was postponed
Charlotte Bonders, Chicago, also took part Practical ( )fBce Work as a Finishing Part of until this time. Mr. W. H. Howard, Colum-
la the discussion. Mr. Charles T. Piatt was a Shorthand Course," was omitted. bus, discussed the subject nnd referred very
absent on account of Illness. Mr. Piatt The next number "Methods of Conduct- often to the word tests. Mrs. Raymond,
extended to the Convention by letter, his ing a Typewriter Department," by Miss Chicago, asked for an explaruition of the

THOS. P. SCIT.I.V.
 JEROME B. HOWARD. MISS FRANCES H. NORTH. NISS PEARL A. POWER.

word tfsts. Same was e.xplained as used members of this Association only, who the election of our candidate. Mr. Kennedy
liy Mr. Howard. The paper was further desire to secure employment. Motion thanked theConvention for theirexpression
discussed bv Miss Kelley, Mr. A. L. seconded by Mr. Kennedy, Detroit. Motion in favoring him as their ciioice of a candi-

Arnold, Danver. Mr. J. Cliff.ird Kennedy. carried date for the Presidency of the Federation,
Detroit, and Mr. C. P. Bentley, Moline, III. Remarks by Mr. Miner, New York. Mr. and assured the members that if elected,
Miner suggested that an outline of the he would do all in his power to promote the
new Business order of business be printed in the order in interests of the section.
The Secretary made a few remarks on wliich it would occur, so that members Mr. Miner, New York, moved that who-
registration and finance. He called atten- might know when and where a particular ever is elected President of the section for
tion to the fact that many of those present subject or matter would come up. In the coming year, shall be the Official
had not registered; that it was the desire response to a request made by Mr. Grant, Editor of the official organ for the section.
of the Association to have all present
Mr. Miner made clear that he was not find- Motion seconded by Mr. East. Motion
register if possible; and further, that it ing fault with the particular outline in carried.
would, of course, be necessary to be on the hand, but that lie thought past methods Mr. H. L. Andrews, Pittsburg, made some
books of some section in order to have a could be improved upon along this line. remarks and later put the same in the form
vote on the election of officers, for the Sec- His remarks were well received. of a motion to the effect, that in view of the
tion and for the Federation. Moved by Mr. Miner, New York, that our considerable amount of work done by the
Mr. L. A. Arnold, Denver, suggested that by-laws be so changed that it will be the Secretary, that a voucher i:>e drawn to his
the Secretary appoint an assistant to wait duty of the Secretary of this section to make favor for the amount of $25.00, not in pay-
on those present who had not registered, arrangements with a local minister in the ment of services, but as an expression of
and give them an opportunity to place their city in which we will next meet, to come appreciation by the Association. The mo-
names on the roll. The suggestion was into our meeting and before our President's tion was promptly seconded and President
accepted without objection. The Secretary address is delivered, to ask the blessing of Davis placed the same before the Conven-
appointed Mr. Arnold as his assistant to God upon our proceedings. Seconded by tion. At this time the Secretary took the
perform this work. Mr. Arnold set about Mr. Van Sant, Omaha, and E. K. Eberhart, floor and vigorously protested against any
his duties immediately, and secured many Des Moines, Iowa. Notion carried. such steps being taken by the members,
new enrollments. Remarks by Mr. H. L. Andrews, Pittsburg, insisting that in doing this work, he was
Mr. S. A. Moran, Ann Arbor, ofifered a in which he moved that the Secretary be simply carrying out his promise made
resolution for a sub-section for the High instructed to put Mr. J. Clifford Kennedy in when elected to the office of Secretary, and
School teachers. After reading of the reso- nomination before the Federation. After that in no wise would he consider the ac-
lution he moved the adoption of the same. remarks by various members, it was de- ceptance of sucii a voucher and further that
Resolution seconded by Mr. Scully. Reso- cided that Mr. Van Sant be requested to it would be setting a bad precedent to do so.

lution adopted. place Mr. Kennedy in nomination for the Mr. Scully, of Cincinnati, arose and in-
Moved by Mr. Scully, that we accept the Presidency of the Federation. Remarks by sisted that the Secretary was endeavoring
recommendations made bv the President Mr. Gregg, in which he emphasized the to create a wrong impression in the minds
in his address, inregard to the Secretary desire of the members that Mr. Kennedy's of the members.
appointing an Assistant Secretary to assist name be placed before the Federation in After the Secretary was seated, Mr.
in his work, and that the Vice-President such a way as to insure election if possible. Andrews again moved that as the Secretary
conduct an Eniploynietit Bureau to aid Mr. Miner also spoke on the possibility of would not accept a money consideration as

TKPHENS. R. J. NELSON. D. D. MUELLER.

 Book Men But Not Bookish Men.

F. W. MOSHER. A. E. ELLIOTT. E. SCOTT HINBR.

an expression of the wishes of the Conven- Scully, Cincinnati: Mr. East nominated advisable to anticipate, in a measure, tiie
tion, that the President appoint a committee Mr. Moran, Ann Arbor. Without objection action of the Association, and proceed to
allnominees were declared elected. effect a permanent organization, which was
of three local members, to buy and present
Mr. Miner made his report on " Fraudulent done bv the election of Mr. Selby A. Moran
to the Secretary a suitable Kift, duly in- as president, and Mr. Harry G. Spellman of
Schools." Suggested progress and asked
scribed, etc. The motion was seconded by Mr. Moran moved that the Kockford High School, Rockford, Illi-
for continuance.
Mr. Gregg, and unanimously carried. The the report be accepted. Carried. nois, as secretary. <^n motion of Miss Dora
President appointed on this committee, Mr. Arnold, Denver, moved that the Sec- Pitts of the Western High School, Detroit,
Mr. John R. Gregg, Mr. J. A. Stephens and retary take the chair and that a vote of Michigan, the president was given permis-
Miss Susannah Massey. thanks be extended to Mr. Davis for his sion to choose such assistants as he deemed
Mr. East moved that a vote of thanks be efficient services rendered the Association. necessary to assist in the organization of
given Mr. Miner for his interest sliown us Seconded by many. Secretary put the the section and the arranging of a program
during the past year. Mr. Van Sant sec- motion which was unanimously carried. for the next session.
onded the motion. Motion unanimously After this election, considerable time was
CONVENTION ADJOURNED. spent in a verj* helpful discussion of the
carried.
Election of OKie«rs various problems of the high school teach-
ers. Among the questions discussed were:
Mr. Gregg nominated Mr. H. L.Andrews, fjigb School Sbortbatid Section. the amount of time given to the subject of
Pittsburg, for President. Seconded by Mr. shorthand, the correlation of English and
Grant. The Secretary was instructed to An informal meeting of the high school shorthand, and the methods of conducting
cast the ballot for Mr. Andrews. Mr. teachers of shorthand was held Wednesday the work in typewriting. This discussion
Andrews made a few remarks in which he afternoon, presided over by Mr. Selby A. was participated in by nearly all of the
thanked the members for the honor they Moran, of the Ann Arbor High School, Ann teachers present. Sixteen high school
had conferred upon him. Arbor, Michigan. After some discussion it teachers attended this first meeting, and
Mr. Raymond, Evansville, nominated was determined to be the sense of the meet- before the close of the Federation meeting
Mr. R. A. Grant for Vice-President. Sec- ing, that in view of the special problems some twenty teachers had signified their
onded by Mr. Van Sant. Mr. Scully, Chi- and difficulties of the high school teachers intention of becoming members of the Sec-
cago, moved the nomination should be of shorthand, it would be advisable to or- tion. It was decided to ask each member to
closed and that the Secretary cast a ballot ganize a High School Teachers' Section, of contribute fifty cents to assist in defraying
for Mr. Grant. Motion was duly seconded the National Shorthand Teachers' Associa- the necessary expenses of the organization.
and carried. tion. It was moved by Mr. D. W. McMillan After the chair had appointed Mr. E. D.
Mr. Gregg suggested that the members re- of the Princeton High School. Princeton, Misner, of the McKeesport High School,
elect Mr. Tinns as Secretary for the ensuing Illinois, that Mr. Moran present to the McKeesport,Pa.,and Mr. D. W. McMillan, of
year. Seconded by Mr. Andrews, and unani- National Shorthand Teachers' Association Princeton, Illinois, a committee to supply
mously carried. a resolution asking that permission be given
This motion the several educational journals of the pro-
Nomination for members of the Advisory to organize such a section.
was duly seconded and carried. fession with reports of the meeting, the ses-
Council, Mr. Moran nominated Mr. Van
Sant, Omaha; Mr. Andrews nominated Mr. After further discussion it was thought sion adjourned.

Book Men Plus Tea<'.hin§ Ability

HOW.\RD V.\N DUESEN. JAMES S. CURRY.
 People Who Possess the Convention Mabit.

N. H. WRIGHT,

TIMOTHY L. WOODRUFF.

C. A. BT,I = C. C. LISTER. E. E. GAYLORD.

 ^^^f3Su^//wM<^^f/iu^i&r' ^
c. Plastering=the industry of making a
wall from soft plastic material which
i:,y^^^&dMBl.. soon dries or hardens to an artificial
stone of different degrees of hardness.
DEPARTMENT OF It is made of lime and sand, with hair
added to hold it together, for coarse
Commercial (Scograpt^y work or brown finish and
of Paris, and marble dust
; lime, plaster
for fine work
or hard finish.
Frank O. Carpenter B. Carpentrx=i\\e art of making all kinds
of frame or structural work from wood.
The Editor of Ihis Department map tie addressed directly (
English High School. Boston, Mass .but commuvicatt'nns requii His of various kinds: house carpentry,
reply must in all cases enclose returri postage to insure atte
bridge carpentry, ship carpentry, etc.
The strength and stability of the struc-

in C.
ture depend upon the carpenter.
Joinery ^ihQ branch of wood working
Bui1dina$ and materials* India, the ruins of Palenque and Mexico, which deals with what is called the
and the mysteriotis Druid rock circles. 1. '*
finish " of a house; i. e., the floors, the
The pyramids and obelisks of Egypt and doo rs, ^i nd ows. wain scot ings, stairways,
Ancient nuiti livotl in the natural caves of Babylon, ma«sive and simple and true — etc. This work is done usually in the
the earth, hidinjii in the darkness forshelter suited to the time when a man was taught I'nited States by the carpenter*; or the
and protection like theother animals about "to ride a horse well, to throw a spear men who build the frame. In large
hiai. Modern man U^-es in comfortable straight, and to tell the truth" and did much of this is made in shops so
cities
buildings of his own construction, warm them all. 2. Then the Parthenon, standing that it can be put easily in place by
and bright with artificial heat and liglit. on the Acropolis of Athens, white in its workmen of little skill.
Between the two, stretches the long ladder marble beauty against the clear sky. the D. Pill tubing. Gas fitting and electric
of evolution up which men liave slowly glory, the dream, the ideal of all time. 3. wiring.
climbed to civilization. Architecture is tlie The Colosseum at Iv'ome, still one of the a. Plumbing=-the system of piping by
master Art; and building construction, the wonders of the world, though a dozen great which fresh water, hot or cold, is sup-
triumph of Engineering. buildings liave been built from it as from a plied to a house, and the waste water
Primitive man, as we have shown before, stone quarry. 4. The castles of Mediaeval .'ind sewage is taken awa3' from the
firstneeded and worked for liis food. Tlien, Europe. 5. The great Milan cathedral. -a house.
as the climate grew colder, needed and flower in stonr-. C. The Duoitio at Florence, b. Gas fitting=the R5-stem of pipes to
made his clothing. As the climate grew St. Marks at Venice, and St. Peters at Rome, supply gas to the chandeliers or
wintry, he suffered from lack of sheJter alone, greatest, unapproachable, the monu- stoves where the gas is burned.
and set himself to obtain it. At first he ment built to a poor fisherman, who taught c. Electric wiring the system of wiring
used the caves and rock crevices, when a bit of truth which he learned imperfectly used to light gas jets bv electricity, to
they existed. Where they did not, in the from a passing Great Soul. 7. Belonging to supply electricity for lighting by arc
forest, he crept into dense thickets or under no distinct class of Architecture, but like a or incandescent lights, for heating or
piles of debris. On the plains he dug holes lily growing from the dark mud, the out- cooking, or to supply power for ma-
in the earth or made rude shelters of leaves. ward expression of the love of a savage chinery.
Then, lacking natural shelters, he leartied warrior chief, is the exquisite, the delicate, E. Heating and I'entilafion,
to pile stonesand sticks together to make the marvellous beauty of the Taj Mahal, a. Heating the Mipplyng of heat by
an and the first architect and
artificial cave, which even wild tribes respect in their war- furnace, steam, hot wuter, or stove.
builder appeared, and built his first house. fare; and, lastly, the noble Court of Honor Ventilation- the supplying of fresh air
b.
Through many painful efforts he learned at the Chicago Fair, which the President to the house and the taking away the
the laws of physics and mechanics, the of the Royal Institute of Architects in old, foul and used-up air.
strength and strain of timbers, the dura- England said was "the grandest thing in F. Hardirare^the necessary metal work,
bility and wear of stone and wood, and Architecture the world has seen since the like locks, hinges, bolts, nails, etc.
applied them. We use tlie tame laws to-day, age of Pericles." This was called into exist-
the same malerials for building, but we G. fainting; Decorating, and Glass set-
ence for a moment, to serve as a splendid ting.
have: •
setting for an exhibition of the world's
'*
Only turned the log a little, a; Painting-=the covering of the walls or
Commerce and Industry. It vanished in woodwork of the house with paint or
Only made the fire burn brighter, flames, as was fitting, and remains in mem-
Made the sparks tly up the smoke flue." varnish, chiefly to preserve the wall.
ory as a perfect thing and a type and dream
Men first built houses for themselves and b. Decora\ing-^artistic painting, like fres-
of whpt will be built in enduring stone and
their animals, next homes for the rude coes, thehanging of wall paper, etc.
lasting beauty, for the honie« of human
images of their gods, then homes for their c. Glass setting-=putting plain glass in
Industry. " When the war drums throb no
business, homes for their government and the windows, or the stained or mosaic
longer, and the battle flags are furled, in
courts, homes for their children to learn in, glass.
the Parliament of Man, the Federation of
homes for their relics, honi'^'s for other men, There are two kinds of artisans required in
the World."
and lastly homes for ideas and thoughts. building:
BUILDING COXSTRUCTIOV.
What do we call them to-day? Houses, 1. Architect -the man who draws the
The different kinds of labor and industry
temples, stores, court-houses, schools, mu- plan, (i.e. makes the design) of the build-
employed in building are;
seums, hospitals, libraries. ing, and decides the materials of which
A. Masonry the artof shaping, arratiging
Each great race of men developed a sys- and uniting; a. stone, b. brick, c. plaster. it is to be mnd.', writing out careful
tem of architecture which suited the local- descriptions of materials and wtirk to be
to form the walls, etc., of buildings.
ity', the climate, the temperament of the done. These are called "specifications."
a. Stone masonry is of three kitids: —
people where it was used. So we hav^e the 2. IJnilder^the man who takes the plans
1. Stone cutting- making the stone in
great classes of Architecture: — 1. the Egyp- and specifications from the architect
the form required for the buiMing.
tian and Assyrian. 2. The Greek, with its Done by the stone cutter.
antl actually erects the building. He
three orders, — the plain Doric, the dignified 2. Stone setting-building the founda-
I.ny^ the material itf nil kinds, hires the
Ionic, the elaborate Corinthian. 3. The tion walls -AruX putting stone in super
workmen, and ."uocrintcnds them and
early Etruscan and later Roman, with its lli.ir work. Srtecial parts of the work,
structure. Done by the stone masons.
massive round arched structures. 4. Ro- like the plastering, nlumbing, heating,
3. Stone carving=^sha ping the stone into
manesque. ^. Gothic- 6. Kenai&sance. 7. etc.. are usually givep to men to do on
decorative forms — may be done both
Modern domestic architecture, like the "pFH-ial contracts.
before and after stones are put in
Queen Anne and Colonial houses. 8. Mod- place in the building. Done by the 'Ihr nniin stages in builtling construction
ern commercial buildings, as typified by the stone carver, or sculptor,
towering office building of tod ay, — a frame- b. Brickwork=artificial stone work. It is 1. Excavating he ground forthe building.
t

work of steel with its face of stone. called bricklaying and is done by brick- 2. Laving the foundations.
Each stvle has its examples still on the layers. 3 Building the frame.
earth to-day, seeming to resist all the rava- Terra cotta=n kind of brick made of 4. Boarding and shingling the sides, and
ges of time and nature. So we find the fine clay much used for ornamental roofing.
prehistoric strange carved rock temples of work. 5. Putting in the pipes and wMres for heat.
 f^^3Sud/ned^^f/iu^i/fr ^
gas, water, etc.; i.e., the plunibiog, gas fit Wood. Wood is the most valuable of all In tiie northern United States the lumber-
ting. etc. the building materials and the most widely ing is done very largely in the winter, in
Lathing and plastering.
fi. used by men. Its strength, lightness, dura- spite of the cold and short days, because, the
7. Putting in tlie finish; i. e.. to put in the bility, ease of working, and beauty make it absence of foliage and underbrush makes
windows, hang the doors, lay the final tloors, universally popular. Wood is used for it easier to handle the trees and cut them,
etc. buildings, ships, furniture, tools, and fuel. and it is easier than at any other time, to
8. Painting, papering, etc.; setting radia- The use and value to man of wood depends i.aul the heavy logs over the snow which
torsand hanging chandeliers. on the ease and cost of obtaining it. In then isdeep in the woods. The trees are cut
The money to be paid for the house is Italy wood is scarce, for example, and the into logs and hauled to the side of the large
usually divided into eight parts, which are houses are largely of stone, and posts for streams or to "log yards" or landings be-
paid as follows: grapevines are often made of stone. In side railroad tracks.
1st. Payment when foundations are built. California and Oregon wood is so abundant In the spring when the snow melts, the
2d. When the house is framed and board- that the magnificent redwood trees are logs are floated by the floods down stream
ed in. split into grapevine props— a tremendous to the mills, where they are cut into timbers,
3d. When the house is lathed and plas- economic waste and folly, for which we boards, shingles, laths, clapboards, etc.,
tered. shall soon begin to pay. Already in the needed in building, and shipped to the
various markets as ordered.
4th. When the finish woodwork is in East and middle West of the United States, If trees are cut down with care and the
place. wood is beginning to be more scarce and young trees below 10-inch diameter are left
5th. When the final heating and plumb- costly. White pine, once common for all unharnied, it is possible to lumber a tract
ing apparatus is installed. purposes in New England, is now so scarce two or three times in a hundred years; i. e.,
6th. When the house is painted and that it is used only for outside finish and once for each generation of men. Careless
papered. for some furniture. White spruce and hem- cutting of all trees is destroyingour eastern
7th. When the house is done, ready for lock have to take its place — good woods, but forests very swiftly. The necessity of
vastlj' inferior in all ways to the white pine.
handling the forests carefully to provide
use, gfounds graded, etc. for future needs has given rise in other
8th. Thirty days after the house is fin- Building woods are of three groups:— lands to a science called forestry, which
ished. A. The evergreen class, or soft woods. deals with all the problems of lumbering,
Note. This delay is to protect the owner, These are reforesting, etc. In the United States our
as the mechanics have 30 days after the 1. White pine, called usually "pine" or government experts are well trained but do
house is finished to apply a mechanic's lien " Northern pine." not yet equal the German foresters. United
on the house for unpaid wages. States lumbermen as yet do not appreciate
2. Georgia pine, called "hard pine, pitch
BUliDING MATERIALS. the folly of their present methods. Their
pine" or long-leafed pine."
*'
motto seems to be that of the old French
Almost every material substance in the 3. Carolina pine, called " yellow pine" or king: — " Give me peace during day, let my
world is used for some purpose in building " Southern pine." me have what I want regardless of others,
ordecoratinga house.but stone. wood, straw, 4. Spruce, of four kinds, black, white, and then after me the deluge." And from
leather, glass, paper, metal, are the ones Norway, and single. Norway spruce the melting snows in the spring and after
generally used. is called " white deal " in Europe. great storms in the summer it is a true
Stone. Every kind of durable stone in 5. Hemlock. deluge that sweeps down the rivers from
the barren hillsides, washing away the
the world near civilized communities is 6. White Cedar. light soil and leaving only the rocky ledge
used for building, but in the United States 7. Red Cedar. or gravel beds where Nature herself with
the most popular kinds are: granite, mar- 8. Cypress. all her skill cannot grow trees again for
ble, sandstone, and slate, in many degrees of 9. Redwood. hundreds of years.
hardness and color. 10. Red fir or Oregon iir='* Oregon pine." Iron and Steel Metals have been used
Some kinds last unchanged for centuries, B. The Hardwoods. for centuries, in building, for what is called
exposed to all kinds of w^eather. Other 1. Oak, white, red, English and quarter- hardware: as. nails, hinges, locks, etc., but it
has remained for the United States build-
kinds, equally durable in interiors or in sawed or "quartered" oak is used for ers during the last decatie to develop a new
mild climates, crumble soon when exposed fine finish and furniture. type of structure,— thegreat office building.
to the open air in the United States. Stone 2. Ash. This is built of a skeleton or framework of
is so heavy and costly to transport that the 3. Hickory. steel with a thin wall or skin of brick or
serviceable stone nearest to the place of 4. Locust. stone. The framework is planned and built
building is used. Stone is obtained from 5. Black Walnut. without using the walls to give strength,
ledges of rock, part of the earth's crust. and the curious sight is often seen of the
walls of the eighth or tenth stories being
They are obtained by Qifarrj'2n^= the pro- put in place, while the lower stories show
cess by which the stone is cut or separated fi. Cherrv. only the skeleton lines of the steel posts
from the ledge. It is usually blasted from 7. Birch. and girders. This kind of building is done
the parent rock in great masses by powder 8. Maple. (In old trees "curlj' or bird's- by the engineer, not by the architect or
or dynamite. These are then split by hand eye.") builder, and at first the bridge engineers
into regular shapes, polished by hand or 9. Chestnut. and workmen were the only ones who could
machine as necessary, and made ready for 10. Butternut. do the work. The modern office building is
so strongly made and bolted together that
use. 11. Beech.
it could be rolled over and over, it is esti-
Belonging with the stone are these sub- 12. Whitewood. mated, without Iieingseriously injured. So
stances: Brick, lime, cement, mortar. 13. Sycamore=buttonwood=planetree. they climb steadilv upward toward the sky
Brick is made from clay, shaped in the 14. Apple and pear tree wood. like new Towers of Babel. 25, 28. 32 stories
common forms and burned in a hot fire. 15. Boxwood. high, with their offices accessible by swift-
The clay is usually whitish gray. Brick is 16. Basswood. running elevators. These buildings are
usually red, but modern makers produce 17. Mahogany, red and white. splendid monuments to the invention,
skill, and daring of the Americans, like no
lig-ht-colored varieties of great beauty. 18. Rosewood.
other people in history except the nation of
Lime is made by burning limestone or 19. Ebony. the lost Atlantis, whose sons we might well
marble The product is quicklime.
in kilns. 20. Lignum vitae.- be and whose tireless nervous energy and
Mixed with water it becomes slaked (or 21. Teak. rush we repeat to-day.
slacked"), and mixed with sand, hardens
••
C. Tropical woods, like the palm, {cocoa- Longfellow in his poem, "The Builders,"
to a stone. nut palmetto, rattan, bamboo, etc., are
i
seems almost to have foreseen the steel
Cement is of two kinds — a. Rosendale much used in other lands for building, office l)uilding. as he says:
cement made bj- burning natural cement t>ut in the United States only the bam- " Nothing useless is or low.
stones in lime kilns. When
kilns like boo and rattan are used conimercially. Each thing in its place is best
mixed with water these " set " or harden They are used for furniture, baskets, etc. And what seems but idle show.
Strengthens and supports the rest.
quickly, b. Portland cements are made by The industry of cutting down the trees,
mixing pure lime and pure clay — ground and preparing them for building purposes
fine and dried. These "set" more slowly is called Lumbering.
" Thus alone can we attain
To thoseturrets, where the eye
but l>econie as hard as :narbleor sandstone, Trees in the woods are called timber, if Sees the world as one vast plain
and grow harder with age. large enough to be cut. When severed And one boundless reach of sky."
Nortar is a mixture of lime and sand or from the trunk they are called los^s. When his building con-
cement and sand. Cement is used below
The Editir has overrun
sawed into boards, scantling, etc., the wood tract with the publisher for space, and so
the surface where there is much moisture. is called Uiniher. When the larger joists will only copy the inscription on the old
Lime mortar above ground is generally are put into structures, they are again Roman houses and say to his readers:
used, as it is cheaper and easier to handle. called timbers. " Salve et Vale," " Hail and Farewell."
 fS^fSSud/n^iU^^/iu^i/fr* ^
that of a genius, the temper of each indi-
— — . — vidual must be taken into consideration,
and the teacher should set a limit, though
keeping the student iti ignorance of that
limit. With the majority of students, I
X)cpartment of have found it a good plan, after the third or
fourth cf>py, to let them decide whether
they will rewrite. On the question of form,
(Eypctpriting Ho. 5. margins, etc., I can usually work in two nr
three rewritings without making the stud-
Miss STELLA M. SMITH, Siniiiioiis College, Boston. ent feel that he has made errors about
I'olJVriKht 1M04, by StrMa M. Sniitl], Boston, Mass.
which he need be discouraged or ashamed;
after that, I can usually trust to his own
desire to do good work, for the writings of
two or three more copies; if still the work
is not satisfactory (providing that his pre-
luippiiig and give them allopathic treat- paratory work has been done conscien-
now to Secure the 6reatest
ment; but who can tell of the fate in store tiously and well), it is probably due to
Jlmoutit of Practice Ulitb the for the person who teaches, not because he physical conditions, and I pass it, with the
Ceast Fatigue to the finds joy in imparting the little knowledge mental reservation that it is to be taken up
Student he has acquired and by helping his young again later in the course. At all events,
students, but because — well, let me quote a it is always wise to keep the student in

The acquiring of tlie teclinique which I certain teacher: " I don't care particularly ignorance as to any limitations that the
have hitlierto attempted to outline in these for teaching" with a lift of the eyebrows teacher may have in mind, and to keep
columns, engrosses the student's attention and a scornful little smile, "but I prefer it constantly before him the advantages
up to the point we have now reached in his to anything else that I have tried." / cer- accruing from rewriting.
training, but he has not by any means the tainly shall not dare to prophesy the fate of As each form, or set of forms on one sub-
requisite facility to begin especial efforts to these. However, to those who are not ject in the manual is finished, supplemen-
increase his speed or to transcribe from afraid of work the following may prove tary matter, taken from various sources,
shorthand notes. How shall we hold his helpful: should be given to further illustrate the
attention during the practice which is Do not let a student know what his work style, use of the various parts of the
necessary for such facility? If we put a is tobe from day to day on the contrary machine, and also, in some of them, allow-
typewriting manual into his hand and always " keep something up your sleeve," ing the student to use his judgment as to
simply tell him to read the instructions and make him feel that your sleeve is a big the arrangement.- This work should be so
and copy the forms, how does he go about one. planned that no two students in the same
It? He begins in the best of spirits, but he Do not require the student to follow the class are working on the same matter, so
soon becomes tired, his thoughts wander to order in a manual, but select such parts as that each student may feel that he is doing
other things, he continually strikes the bear on one business subject, explain ver- "special work," and he really is. If, from
wrong keys, forgets to indent lines when bally the business customs in this con- the very beginning, he is made to feel thql
beginning paragraphs, writes double space nection, review the form or paper in detail, his work is all of value — that it is all to be
where it should be single, uses small let- give the business reasons for the arrange- actually used, his interest will prevent the
ters where all capitals are required and ment, explain the meaning and use of the practice from becoming monotonous and
vice versa; tinally, he impatiently pulls documents, the importance of exactness, irksome. However, this plan keeps a
oat the sheet and begins once more; only then have him go to work, with the under- teacher working at a high pressure, and
to repeat the first series of mistakes, with standing that each page is to be brought to there are days when monthly reports, con-
many new ones added. Continued re-writ- you for criticism as soon as it is written. ferences, broken machines, or other acci-
ing makes matters worse, and he is in Realizing tliat it is to be criticised as t^> dents and interruptions, make it impossible
despair; he turns the leaves of the book form, he will constantly be on the alert to to arrange for the supervision of "Special
and looks aghast at sight of the amount of coverall the points which you have brr>uglit Work," and, for this reason, I make the
work still to be done. Discouraged in the to his attention; not being sure whether it student's typewriting manual the backbone
thought of ever finishing, he determines must be rewritten or not, he will concen- of my work, so as to be able to fall back on
it in time of need.
that, by hook or crook, the next writing trate all his attention on the subject matter
While holding back th": students, in order
of this first paper shall be the last. Here our and not think solely of finishing as quickl>' that correct habits may become fixed, as
tragedy begins — it is the old, old story of as possible; yet, realizing also that you are suggested last month, variety in form will
Mephistopheles and Faust: Mephistoph- to see it, he will not be careless in the usually be sufficient to keep up a lively
eles' whisperings beguile him at every line, mechanical part of the work. The student interest, but after a certain amount of form
and when the page is finished, our Faust is work is done, another change becomes
should carefully read each copy after it is necessary. Then the business method of
so delighted with his work, and so con- written and mark his errors. To be able circularizing may be e.xplained, and for
vinced by his Evil Genius, that a compact (luickly to read and detect errors needs several days much profitable practice may
be accomplished that is, liave the students
is then and there entered into, and together much training, and it should begin with ;

write, say twentv-(i\'e circular letters;

they start on that wild "Ride to — the the writing of sentences. Again, it is of the afterward, insert the addresses and address
End of the Book." There is no thought of greatest importance that the students the envelopes. Letters containing confir-
gain from the practice, no care for the
mation of telegrams, the actual writing of
should feel that not a line written is des- telegrams, also cablegrams written on
future— only the desire to go "on, on, on," tined for the waste-basket, but, on the con- printed forms, and afterward tra' slated
and finish the book. In the end, of course, trary, whether correct or incorrect, that he from the code, make interesting and very
practical work for perliaiis a week. I also
Mephistopheles wins, and the doom is is to receive credit for the work that lie has c.illect all kinds of printed circular-* and
sealed of young Faust and his constant done and that it is all to be kept as part of give them to the students as "Special
companion — Evil Eraser. his school record. By numbering each Work," allowing them to use their inge-
nuity in the typewritteti arrangement;
Now, the problem seems easy of solution, sheet, it will be a very easy matter to keep always being careful to give the student
does it not? Our Faust, it is obvious, fell track of the number of times that a form tlie iinpression that it is an importattt piece
under the influence of Mephistopheles is written. of work, and it really is.
because his mind was not well trained and As to the " number of times " that an My invariable rtile, with every change of
form, every bit of work rewritten, every
sufficiently occupied. It is plainly our article should be rewritten, I think circum- correction, every inl roduction -if a new idea,
duty to supply this training and occupa- stances alone can help us to decide. There and in all " Special Work," is to give the
business reason for each Not i>ne page is
tion that our Fausts may not have time to is no doubt that rewriting one thing many
written that is not thoronglilv aiialvzed be-
think of and seek the companionship of times is the best sort of practice, but indi- fore it is written. Sometimes, time may be
E\'il Eraser. But liow shall we supply viduals dilTer and " what is one man's meat s:ived bv giving these analyse-^ as class
instruction, but the criticisms of the work
these? "It is not possible," say many is another man's poison." In a small class, when finished must all be individual and
teachers. Aye, there's the rub! There are where the students have about equal usually verbal.
some men and women who lack experience ability, it is easier and often perfectly safe These, then, are my methods r.f getting
— Time will cure tlicni; there are lazy (it's the greatest amount of practice with the
to have each exercise written a specified least fatigue to the student. The student's
an ugly adjective, but an honest one) men number of times (of course, speaking only interest is kept alive by not letting him
and women who pass for teachers — they, of the point in the work at which we have know what his work is to be from day to
too, will be cured —some day they will fall now arrived), but in classes where the day. but he knows always what he is work-
ing for, and he is always sure that I still
asleep, the school proprietor \\ ill find them ability of the students ranges from zero to have something to teach him.
34 ^^^^Ui^/ned^(SfUu^ti^ ^
Neat, accurate work with proper expres-
sion and labels should be exacted from
each memberof the class. If a student fails
in this, he should be required to rewrite

Department of
solutions.
While the solution for problem number
H%-e has not been used by teachers to any

Clritt^metic great extent, yet the unitary method of

reasoning from many to one and from one
KENT, Commercial
to many applies to it as well as to the
E. K. Dept., High School, others. In this solution the students are
SPRINGFIELD, MASS. prone to omit the expressions following the

model Solutions and methods of r.

3 per cent signs.
There will be a tendency on the part of a
number of students to solve problems hur-
riedly and to record the work rapidly and
carelessly. As a result, many mistakes are
30 is what per cent of 40. made in solving and recording problems.
eonductina Recitations I. 40-100 per cent of the number, No careless work should be accepted or
ri. l-l-40of " " " tolerated, as it develops inaccuracy and is
or2feper
In this issue of The Educator, I will cent of the number. positively harmful. It is the duty of every
present model solutions, plans for record- HI. 30—30 X 2'2 per cent of the number or 75 conscientious teacher to impress upon the
ing work, and methods of conducting class per cent of the number. student the supreme importance of absolute
recitations.
Many teachers do not believe it is neces- accuracyin all arithmetical work. Perhaps
Each member of the class should be pro- sary to record the expressions that follow unconsciously you have made the student
vided with two good pen-and-ink note books the fractions and percents in the foregoing believe that, if he has solved eight or nine
that open at the end. In the back part of solutions. The fractions ^4, 75-100, and 75 problems correctly out of ten, he is doing
each, all model solutions should be copied per cent are number symbols and do not good work. What will be exacted of him in
carefully and neatly. These solutions are the business world? Will the business
equal any concrete number. If the expres-
for study and reference. While one book is man accept 80 per cent or 90 per cent of
sion of the number" were omitted from
'*

in the teacher's hands for inspection, the accuracy in figures in his office and call it
the first step in the first solution, the step
other is in the student's hands for record- would read 4-4—40. But 4-4 equal one unit, good work ? Does he want a boy who can
ing work. figure 80 or 90 invoices correctly out of every
therefore 1—40. Some maintain that any
In starting a class in percentage, place hundred? The boy will soon learn in his
percent is concrete and will equal a concrete
the following problems and their solutions first position that SO per cent or 90 per
number. If the expression "of the num-
on the blackboard and have them copied. ber" were omitted from the first step in the cent of accuracj- in iigurea is not good
The work assigned for the following day third solution, it would read lOOper cent— 40. work, but absolute failure. There is no
will be determined largely by the ability place for a ninety percent bill clerk in any
Since the per cent sign stands for the de-
and previous preparation of the members nominator 100, then 100 per cent equals 100-100. commercial house. Why not teach the boy
of the class. In some cases the assignment this fact at once and then lead him to see
This fraction is equal to one unit and the
should contain problems that will develop that accuracy is the result of much pains-
statement, 100 per cent—40, is reduced to the
the ability to handle solution number three taking work ?
absurdity, 1-^40. The expressions referred
only. In other cases, the assignment might Accuracy is not the result of a great
to are vital and absolutely essential in
cover solutions three, four, and five. amount manipulation of figures in
of rapid
developing the reasoning powers. The con-
Remember, your aim is not quantity but ditions in each problem determine the difficultproblems but it is obtained by
quality and accuracy. painstaking work in the solution of many
expression to be. used and the student
Great care must be taken in grading the simple and properly graded problems in
sliould not be permitted to use some gen-
•work properly and each day's assignment which the chief effort oT the student is to
eral one, such as, "of the quantity," for
should be, not a definite number of prob- secure accurate results in every case.
all problems.
lems which in man>' cases will overtax the To secure painstaking work the teacher
To illustrate this point more fully, I will
student's ability to produce accurate work, should have all solutions recorded in ink,
give a few equations with proper expres-
but a number that he can solve without legibly and neatly, according to a definite
sions and labels; following these, the same
making any mistakes. Many teachers are plan. This ma>' be given as follows;
equations without expressions, then with-
prone to assign the problems in the order
out labels. By inspection it will be seen I. Draw a marginal line in ink about a
given in the text until exhausted, then to
that the first group comes under the head half-inch from the left side to serve as a
pass immediately to the next subject.
of intelligent analysis while the steps in guide line for the steps.
Others assign problems dissimilar to those
previously given or mix difficult ones with
the other groups are absurd and should not II. Place Roman numerals for each step
be used. to the right of and close to the line.
each day's work. The best plan is to begin (a)
with the simple, lay plenty of stress upon III. Place the number of the problem to
3 per cent of the yearly sales-.$240, com- the left of the marginal line and on the line
it, and then work gradually to the complex.
mission. with first step of solution.
I. ~125 per cent of tiie second number— 1st IV. Make the work compact and use one
Find -'i of 40. number, line only for each step.
I. 44of the number=IO. 20 per cent of the 2nd year's sales— 2,000, in- V. Leave one vacant line between so-
II. 14 •'
••
=14 of 40or 10. crease. lutions.
III. % " "
=3x10 or 30. 150 per cent of the original number— 400, new VI. Record all work in ink.
number. For home work for the first day assign
//.
20 per cent of the cost of house— $1,000, gain. eight or ten miscellaneous problems that
Find 75-100 of 40. 5 per cent of the cost of horse— $10, loss. will bring into use the different expressions
I. 100-100 of the number— 40 I/') and solutions that have been given. On
II. 1-100 " •'
—1100 of 40 or .4
3 ijer cent— $240, commission. the following day assign those problems
III. 75-100 " ••
— 75 X. 4 or 30. 125 per cent— 1st number. at the beginning of the period to members
of the class and have the solutions copied
riT. 20 per cent=$2,000, increase.
150 per cent— 400, new member. from the books on the blackboard. While
Find 75 per cent of 40 this is bein« done, drill the others on a
20 per cent— $1,000, gain.
I. 100 per cent of the number— 40. variety of oral problems similar to those
5 per cent= $10, loss.
II. 1 " ••
" =I-I00of40or 4 given. This oral work should l)e carefully
"
III. 75 " " -75 X 4 or 30. (c) graded. After the work is copied, call upon
3 per cent— 240. each one in turn who has copied work to
ir.
125 per cent— 1st. rise, read his problem, then read and ex-
30 is 75 per cent of what number? 20 per cent— 2,000. plain each step of the solution. Some steps
I. 75 per cent of the number—30. 150 per cent-400 will require careful explanations, others
" "
II. 1 " -1-75 of 30 or .4 20 per cent-1,000. will require none. While each problem is
' •
III. 100 " =100 X .4 or 40 5 per cent— 10. being e.xplained, the others should follow
 f^i^3Sud/neU^^(/iu^i/fr ^
their book work carefully, checking all mis-
takes in lead pencil and grading each prob-
lem ten or a cipher. After all problems
have been explained, each student should
R
calculate his own grade for the entire work DEPARTMENT OF
and record it in lead pencil at the close of
the work.
During the remainder of the period, col-
lect hooks, assign new work, and drill the
(£ommcrcial £atp Ho. D.

class on written problems similar to tliose w. II. WIIIGAM, Chicago

placed on the backboard. By illustrations Crane Manual Training High School.
and explanations the class should be
taught to solve them by the shortest prac- Copyright 1904 by W. H. Whigam, Chicago, 111.

tical methods without using steps.

Oral Problepis t.
What is I4 of 48? What is 25 percent of 48? ance. In the grain business millions of
" 1-5" 60? " 20 " '* fiO?
JIdditional Contracts
bushels are stored each year, for which
•'
4 " 90? " 33>3 " "90? Introduction. warehouse receipts are issued and a regular
u 54 > " " 64?
1^ ..
YiH **
Letters of Credit. storage fee charged. The grain is Vjought,
How Used. sold, and delivered bymeansof transferring
Bonds. this receipt, which represents the title.
30 is 25 per cent of what
Warehouse Receipts. The transfer of the receipt with the proper
How Used. intent effectively conveys the title to the
Bills of Lading. purchaser, but the liability of an endorser
How Used. does not follow. The instrument, then,
Negotiability. lacks this element of negotiability.
Introduction — Business necessity has BiT.T.s OF Lading — A
bill of lading is an
contrived and put into use a number of instrument issued by a common carrier
20 per cent equals contracts that are sometimes classed as upon the receipt of goods for transportation.
what fraction :
Quasi-negotiable. This is not an apt desig- The instrument is both an acknowledge-
nation. These contracts have not been ment of the receipt of §oods for transporta-
afforded full negotiability largely because tion and a contract. As a receipt it is sub-
business necessity does not require it. The ject to parol explanation, while as a con.
chief ones are letters of credit, bonds, tract it is not.
warehouse receipts, and bills of lading. How —
Used The bill of lading is of great
LETTERS OF CREDIT — A letter of credit is efficiency to afford facilities for the transfer
an instrument somewhat similar to a draft. of credit. The grain-buying business in
It is payable at the convenience of the the Western States is a good illustration.
purchaser and in the currency of \he Warehouse receipts are used as collateral
country where payable, but it is not pri- in much the same way. In indorsing a bill
87% :.' marily intended for negotiation. It is of lading, the usual methodsof indorsement
83I3
largely used by travelers. may be used. Conditional indorsements
Find ^ of 60 Find 6fi=3 per cent of fiC
How Used — For example, A is to travel are frequently used. Another method is to
" 3-5 •'
90 in Europe. To take the currency (gold) of indorse, directing the railroad company to
" 2-10 " 20 this country would subject him to the in- deliver the shipment to the consignee upon
2-5 "60 convenience of carrying it, to say nothing the receipt of all cliarges. The use of these
3-10 " 24 of liability to loss. Again, if required to receipts may be further illustrated as fol-
34 ' 48 change this currency to the currency of the lows; The buyer, having previously ar-
"
% " 40 country where he happens to be traveling, ranged with some banking house for a
87!^ he would be charged with exchange each loan, goes into the grain country with, for
time. Instead of doing this, he goes to his example, five thousand dollars, which he
20 is % of what ? 20 is 66=3 per cent of wliat banker, before leaving home, and buys a invests in wheat The wheat is delivered
letter of credit. This letter is directed to, to the railroad for transportation and a bill
and payable at different banks in the of lading is given. The buyer indorses the
several countries he intends to visit. In bill of lading to the bank and takes a draft
33 " 3-5 the course of his journey and as he desires for a portion of the value of tlie shipment.
60 " 3-10 the money to expend, he presents this letter The draft is cashed and this operation is
at a specified bank and asks for a certain then repeated again and again. The ship-
sum of money. The payment will be in- ments of wheat are sold and the proceeds
nd 10 percent Find 8:513 percent dorsed on this letter, and from this each of the sales turned over to the bank which
of $3.00 subsequent bank can readily determine the deducts the various amounts of the drafts,
balance due. and interest on the original loan. The
Bonds— A bond is an obligation inform buyer finally receives the balance as a
and effect similar to an ordinary promissory profit. He is thus enabled to have in use a
400 note, but it differs in that the bond is under capital several times his first investment.
" 24 " 200 seal and therefore is not negotiable. Its NEGOTIABILITY — These instruments do
transfer is governed by the common law of not possess all the elements of negotiable
6 is — per cent of 24 10c. is — per cent of 50c. assignments. Bonds are chiefly issued in
— " " 24 " 10c.
paper. For example, the. guarantee of the
8 "
case of money borrowed by a municipality indorser does not follow. A perfect title,
12 " — " " 84 8c. " 64c.
or by corporations. A
fund is generally
'• — " " 20 " 50c.
however, is given, which is no greater
40 $1.
provided for the purpose of paying bonds than that possessed by the indorfer. The
8 " — " "40 $5. " $1.
— " ' 30 — w^hen due. guarantees of the common law exist in
3 " $10. " " "
— percent
$2.
WAREHOUSE RECEIPTS — So far as these favor of the holder. The conditional guar-
6percent is
instruiuents are concerned, their use is
of 2 per cent. antee of the law merchant is lacking.
confined to places for storage of property
% of 50 is of what? for sale, notably produce and grain. When,
WHAT THE LAW DECIDES.
i

Vk " 75 " : for example, grain is delivered, a receipt is In 6 S. W. Reporter 4S, it is held that a
given. It is both a receipt and a contract, bank purchasing a draft, with a bill of lad-
1-10 a receipt in that it recites the receipt of the ing attached, and collecting the draft from
property by the warehouseman, and a con- the acceptors, warrants to the acceptors
H " 80 tract in that it contains an agreement to both the measure and quality of the goods
1-7 " 49 safely keep the property. naentioned in the bill of lading. North
Hojv Used — The warehouse receipt is a Carolina and Texas so hold, ^hile Iowa
3-5 " 55 " 1-10 commercial instrument of great import- refuses to endorse the doctrine.
 f^^fSBui^/ied^^iSf/iu^ai^ ^
business letter should usually be conversa-
ir^ tional in the extreme. Colloquial and even
slangy phrases are allowable. A good busi-
ness letter should produce precisely the
DEPARTMEWT OF same effect on the customer that a little
conversation from a good salesman would
produce, and should be in the sharp, effect-
Business dorrcsponbence. ive, natural language of a salesman. Only
a business man can write in that way. A
SHEkWIN CODY, CHICAGO teacher who has had little experience in
business should not attempt to compose
letters of this kind for model purposes.
Rather let the teacher take real business
letters and carefully correct them according
to the most approved models. The use of
actual business letters is a good idea; but
There is one remedy, and only one, for the they need to be thoroughly rewritten.
Proper models for Business
business school •teacher, and that is to ban-
Cetter Olrititid.
ish them altogether. Never teach any of exactly what we mean.
these stereotyped forms. Give the student
The ordinary teacher of business letter as models, letters which are simple and nat- Joseph Conrad, the novelist, was born a
writing is at a disadvantage in one or two ural and clear, and as conversational as I*ole, and through a wandering youth, was
respects. First of all, he is usually a busi- possible. at twenty equally facile in three languages
ness college graduate who lias drifted into There is now on the market at least one — Polish, French and English. He hesi-
teaching, rather than a successful writerof book in which letters of this kind may be tated which to settle upon as his definite
business letters in a commercial house, found and. starting with these, the teacher and final medium for the novels which he
;

who, because of his superiority-, has become must rewrite all the letters he uses for dic- wished to write. He chose English — for
a teacher. The successful business letter the reason that English is spreading so
tation so as to avoid these formal phrase*.
writer would be paid a much larger salary rapidly into every nation of Europe, Asia.
Some of them may have their uses. But Africa and South America.
than the teacher gets. The teacher is there- the student will learn them quickly enough
fore w^ithout experience in actual commer-
Yet we who are born with this wonderful
from outside sources. matchless medium of thinking and talking,
cial writing.
It is certainly very hard to get the average spend, and compel our children to spend,
At the same time the teacher is under the student to think for himself; but the good most of the time formally set apart for edu-
greatest possible pressure to lead his stud- cation in fussing with other languages,
teacher will keep persistently at that object,
ents to write letters that will please busi- living and dead. And nowhere, at no
nevertheless. He will give students the
ness men. He knows no better way to do school, academy, college, or university in
best of models, but prevent their slavishly America or England or Scotland, or other
this than to get letters from the tiles of
following any of them. The student needs English-speaking countr3', is our language
business hou«es, and teach his students as
a guide but he should be forced to compose
; taught as the French teach their language
well as possible to follow in the footsteps of
for himself. Only so will he learn the ele- to their children. Words, grammatical con-
the business man. structions, sentences, paragraphs, longer
ments of business composition.
The result is that the business college is
The time for mastering letter writing in attempts at expression — all these are dis-
generally a follower, rarely a leader, in com-
any commercial school is much too short; tinct personalities. To study them, to
mercial correspondence. come to know them, is to learn not only
but the time being what it is, we must make accurately and forcibly to express thought
The fact is, average business letters are the best use of it. And the fact is, an enor-
miserably poor. Tliey are filled with errors but accurately' to think.
mous amount may be accomplished if we How many of us know exactly what the
of all kinds, not only of punctuation, gram-
go systematically about educating the w^ords we use mean? How^ many have ever
mar, etc., but also of good business form. thought about the matter sufficiently to
instinct of the pupil rather than trying to
Business men have not made as much of a know that they do not know ?
do everything through the reason. If every
science of letter writing as they ought.
letter given him to copy when he is practic-
To know many languages is really to have
Thev themselves need instruction, and they none. Keally to have one language is to
ing at the typewriter, every paragraph dic- have the essence of all — their thought.
know Their clerks ought to be better
it.
tated to him as practice in shorthand, and
educated than they are themselves, but — Saturdaj' Evening Post.
every form given him in the countinghouse
they are worse.
drill, is simple, clear, concise, free from all
In this series of articles I want to point iKommereial Caw from Previous Page.
jargon and wornout forms, the student will
out some of the ways by which a teacher
absorb a good style in letter writing without
can instruct his pupils in better methods It isheld in 29 Minn. 363 and 91 U. S. 92 that
any instruction at all. But what do we
than prevail in the average business house. where the consignee named is the same
find ? A dozen of the leading letter writing
THE EVIL OF COMMERCIAL JARGON books on the market present a collection of person as the drawer of the draft, with bill
average business letters that are marred of lading attached, as where the draft
One of the worst features of the average continually by errors of capitalization, reads, " Pay to the order of ourselves," etc.,
business letter of today is that of wornout, punctuation. grammar, and phrasing. the bill of lading must not be delivered
stereotyped phrases, such as "Answering Many teachers know the shortcomings of until payment of the draft. If delivered
your esteemed favor of the 15th inst.," " re- these books, and of the model letters they on acceptance, the collecting bank will be
ferring to same," "in sa/c? invoice," "we have in manuscript for dictation purposes. liable for payment of the draft, and this is so
beg to inform you," etc. Business schools And yet they go on using them, and send even if consignor indorses the bill of lading
teach this jargon as if it were a sacred part out students who are dear at $5.00 a week, in blank.
of commerce. All the letter writing books
when by a little care they might make them G drew a draft on H. & Co., but having no
are full of it. and there is a stupid form for of double that value. funds with H. & Co. sent them, as collateral
almost every kind of letter that is written. The first step toward success in teaching for the advance, an order on P. & Co. for 150
Students readily absorbthese slang phrases letter writing is a complete reformation bales of cotton. H. & Co. sent the order by
and think when they have got them that of the models of business letter writing messenger to P. & Co. who replied as fol-
they have mastered letter writing. As a used in all departments of the school, for it lows: "Cotton referred to, for account of
result, the average graduate of a business
is absurd for one department to try to teach G.,cannot be shipped until next week when
college writes a stiff, impossible letter that
good letter writing when the usage of other we will deliver to you." On this assurance
the ordinary business man cannot use at departments counteracts H. & Co. paid the draft. By time of delivery
all that good.
all in common correspondence. G. owed P. *& Co. more than the value of the
\ow these phrases are bad, and most busi- DON'T GO TO THE OPPOSITE EXTREME. cotton and they refused to deliver. The
ness men know it even when they use them. In banishing the actual letters of real court held that as their promise was with-
They use them by force of habit, but regret business, there is always the danger that a out consideration they need not deliver.
it when they do. This dead and alive lan- non-business educator will go to the schol- H. & Co. should have notified P. & Co. that
guage is a sort of make-weight for lack of astic extreme. He, himself, will write, and they would not pay the draft or advance on
thought, and obscures the meaning in the will teach his pupils to write " literary " let- the cotton until they had been promised
mind of the customer when he reads the ters, letters written in classic English. that the cotton would be delivered, then
letter. They therefore drive away any This has been tried before many times, and the promise could have been enforced.
amount of business. has always led to disastrous failure. A Court of Appeals, N. Y.. Feb. 5, 1901.
 f^^3Bud/n^d^^Uiu^i/fr' ^
you. I shall expect much of you." " I shall
expect much of you," still rings in my ears.
W^^Mi^)idi;JM^-Jmmi!k:^,-k^^ '^/j»Mii^^Wi I
These words of expectancy coming from
my friend removed the clouds of discour-
%

4.

1
J^
i^F^j^^
|H;y|H
'\

\
(n?e Success Circle*
agement and changed my mental attitude.
They set me to thinking. My attitude be-
came one of hopefulness. Without know-
ing why I felt the words of my friend
Cl Department of igncouragement, 3n=
A I^R i^^f should be made true. They still urge me
'i IHlN^P^ / spiration, progress, Bealtl^, (Etc. on,and I feel I ought to do better things,
* '^^H^^Ej^^^/ that I should accomplish more. Have you
^mir
--.-^^
Conducted by L. M. THORN BURGH,Paterson, N.
Commercial Hiirh School.
J., such a friend? Then heed what he says.
Are you such a friend to any one? You
\ should be.
'^M^M^m^. Our Companions
Friends are the jewels of life, and a good
friend is to be valued above riches. The
Ridbt Chinking a $ucccs$ Tactor successful. This plan, backed by earnest-
ness, perseverance, patience and common choosing of friends, of confidants, indicates
sense will lead to the highest goals. Think our own character, and our companions
" Success is the result of a mental atti-
right, do right, be right; know that what have much to do with our welfare and our
tude," and the right mental attitude cannot success.
you are you will be. It is not always easy
fail to bring about the desired results. One
to keep on the right path of thought — it is Planting Seeds of Self=belp
with a receptive mind learns easily and he hard work — but the goals hardest to reach
retains what he learns. He who thinks give one the most comfort and satisfaction
All of us can sow seeds of helpfulness if
everybody has a " pick " on him will seldom when attained. There are many sidetracks we would only do it. Your own self may be
advance; his mind is closed; he is antag- very good soil. Sow seeds in your own self,
along the way that lure the weak to de-
onistic. — seeds of friendship, helpfulness, love. Be
struction. Only the strong, the brave, the
The mind should be open, active, ready successful are able to resist the tempta-
sure the seeds are ot excellent quality and
and willing "to receive impressions. One tions. Faith and confidence in one's self
properly planted. Cull seeds from the
should picture in the mind what he desires has opened the field of lucrative employ-
fruits of the lives of others, get them from
to be in life, what he wants to make out of the immortal pages of history. Cast ot¥ the
ment to many a discouraged youth who
himself, before he can hope to reach the fully believed before getting into the right
growing seeds that are hindering your
goal of his ambition. progress — immoral words, looks or actions.
mental attitude that for him stenographic
You wish to invent and have patented a success — to write as reporters write — was
Read the wise words of others; make them
device the sales of which will pet you large an ideal dream. If you think you will fail, a part of yourself if thej- will help you to
returns. Many fortunes have been thus live a better life. Read to weigh and to
in all probability you will fail. I can, I will,
made. Edison, Bell, Morse, \Vhitney, and I am, I want to be successful — these consider, to broaden your views, to enrich
many other great inventors have climbed thoughts will make you what you wish to
yourmind; read between the lines. Absorb
the ladder of fame by making realities out the sayings of others that you may be led
be if you will live them.
of things which they first conceived as fo think deep, to penetrate the innermost
mental pictures. They made practical use Jill nssct in Eife recesses of your own being; absorb the
of their ideas, and a fortune was the result. How thankful I now feel to have this thoughts that will widen your sphere,
So will it be with us if we can invent what asset: When nearly everything seemed deepen and enrich your life and cause you
the people need, want and must have. cold and dreary— yes, dark —
something to grow. These thoughts are seeds of self-
The beautiful piece of wood carving which entered into myown life that caused the help — nurture them.
I hold in my hand was done in his early dark clouds to wear silver linings. It came The right books will put you in the riglit
teens by a promising youth who now re- like a voice from Heaven; it came from a mental attitude; they will tell you how to
ceives a snug income by turning mental friend. He said, "Cheer up, life is made up improve, to do something worthy, to be
pictures into things that people need, want, of trials and tribulations. Vou are having somebody, to make your mark in life. Next
and buy. He hae developed artistic ability, one of yours. I have had them, and I think to friends books are your best and most
he makes thoughts (ideas) things, and he I have come out of the battle stronger and loyal companions; they never change —
is well paid for it. better than ever. Don't you know your their pages are always full of inspiration;
You wish to draw a picture, to make a discouragements and stumbling blocks they are faces of gladness that always
beautiful letter, to join the initials of your ought to be made stepping stones to higher greet one with a smile of welcome.
name in an easy, simple, graceful manner? and better things — things that I am sure Every book 3'ou read, every friend you
You must originate in the mind or transfer you can do if you only trust in yourself?" have, is a seed planted in your life that may
from a copy not a vague but a distinct and These words came to uie from one who grow to mighty dimensions. Both will
accurate picture of what you wish to repro- often speaks to you in print. His wife and influence you for good or evil. Select the
duce. If this concept is properly formed in children had gone to bed. He and I sat seeds with care; guard the shoots while
the mind, little difficulty will be met in alone on the veranda. The small clock they are growing; shape them to become
reproducing it on paper. The making of said it was time for me to go home, yet I trees of energy, trees of success, trees of
this correct picture over and over again lingered. I was not sleepy; I was wide contentment and happiness. If 3'ou will do
leaves an indelible, a lasting impression, awake, for I felt the need of sympathetic this, if you will put your whole heart into
one that cannot be erased. That is the way words of counsel, friendship and good cheer. improving yourself by watching the seeds
to learn to write. You must see pictures, The cool evening breezes added to my that mean so much to you, success will
letters,combinations; your mind's eye comfort. The stars above sent a flood of surely crown your efforts in whatever
must see these things as they really are light down upon us, and they all seemed to sphere of endeavor your services may find
before you can be an artist or penman. be winking words of encouragement to me. a welcome, and you will reap rich and
And before you are a success in this or any It was quite late. My friend look me by the abundant harvests from the great fields of
other line of endeavor you must picture hand and said, Goodbye, my boy, five
*'
life that present so many golden opportun-
yourself as you would like to appear when years from now I shall be anxious to see ities for advancement.

r- =^
dho forciiotiia articles u'crc iprittcn by ITtr. (£. £7. i£rarcr, of Kuthcrforb, IT. 3- IT!r. CLrapcr reflects bimsi-lf in bis nuitituj.
den year? Ci<i,o bis situation in life mas rcvy much like tljat of many a young reader of tl]is page —
l^e uias a uen's=boy, an erranb=boy,

an& a sct^ooUboy, spending his spare moments practicing from a course of lessons in business roriting in a penmanship journal, f^is
continucb anb faithful practice roon for him a pri;c book, " dljaractcr," by Samuel Smiles, anb this book, together mith letters of
aboice from time to time, ha6 much to bo in shaping bis career anb in contributing to tljc e.remplary character mbicb be is living.
During the past four years ITtr. ilrarer has been principal of the dommercial Ilepartment of the Kutherforb, H. 3.- Sigh School,
anb one of tlje most successful anb promising young commercial teachers of my acauaintance.
is
Ijoung reabers might, mitb great profit io tbcmseloes, ask tljc question rcpeatebly: "IDliat shall 3 be boiug anb mhat can be
"
saib of me ten years from nom ?

V .^
 PUPILS IN MOUNTAIN STATE BUSINESS COLLEGE, PABKERSBURG, W. VA., A. G. SINE, PKEST., O. T. JOHNSTON, PENMAN AND
COMMERCIAL TEACHER.

BY S. H. BATTIN.

BY F. W. FOGGIN.

.^^-^ -^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^-^^^^^^^-^ j^
U^ ^^(^ ^^ ^^^^^^-^^^ ^^ .-^ _^^ _^
BY MISS IRENE HALE.

BY A. R. BURNETTE, PENMAN IN THE GOOD, BIG BOWLING GREEN, KY., BUSINESS COL-
LEGE AND NORMAL SCHOOL.
 f^^^U^/zi^d^^dfU^l^/^ ^

BV \V. I>. PUGH, Pl'PII, IN NATIONAL BUSINESS COLLEGE, WOANOKE, \"A.

The Stockton, Calif., Business College is Braddock, Pa.; Graham School of Short-
,.^r:r:P^. A^'g^r-fc.- mailing an attractive prospectus of that hand, Battle Creek, Mich. The Hesser Busi-
;

iii!-litution. ness College, Manchester, X. H.; Wilson's

Modern Business College, Seattle, Wn.
Prti & Ink Art. published by the Embree
Catalo§s Printing Co., Belton, Tex., continues to The .Salem, Mass., Commercial School is
arrive regularly, well laden with pen art in- sending out a very convenient desk calen-
and Circulars formation, instruction, and inspiration. We dar of twelve cards with complete calendar
wish it success. on the back for 1905 and '06. It will adorn
our desk for the next twelve months.
The Waynesburg, Pa., Business College
greeted its patrons with a beautifully cov-
The Valley Hiisiness College, East
l.)liio ered, twelve-page booklet concerning that The Gutchess Metropolitan Business Col-
modern school. lege, Detroit, Mich., is sending out a very
Liverpool, O., favors us with advertising
matter concerning that institution. We tastily gotten up and well-written four-page
have known one of tlie proprietors, Mr. F. The Northwest Business College, Belling- circular with embossed monogram in imita-
ham, Wash., Aug. Wilson and W. F. Giesse- tion of an invitation. It reads very much
T. Weaver for many years, and have long like Kennedy talks, and that means well.
since recognized him as one of our most nian. Proprietors, is sending out a well
efficient and reliable commercial teachers. gotten up folder.
The prospectus of the Spencerian Busi-
Darline's Business College Journal, " How 25 Per Cent, in Time is Saved by ness College, Milwaukee, Wis., for 1905 is
Elyria, O., comes to our desk well laden Teaching Barnes' Sentence Method of Short- before us, and it is one of the best, if not the
with information relative to the new school hand " is the title of another beautifully best, ever received from that well known
recently opened. Success to the new insti- gotten up circular in the interest of Barnes' institution. The illustrations show a well-
tution. Shorthand, published by the Arthur J. equipped and well-attended school.
Barnes' Publishing Co., St. Louis, Mo. The
An attractively gotten up eight-page book- advertising that this firm is doing bespeaks Mr. C. L. Eicholtz, New Oxford, Pa., is is
let, printed in brown and green, is at hand merit in their goods and enterprise in their suing a well-written, tastefully printed
from the Iowa Business College, Des Moines, management, both of which are necessary four-page, red-backed, envelope-size, book-
Iowa. for success. let, ad vertising his card writing, sign paint-
ing, show cards, and china retouching.
The Scranton, Pa., Business College, H. The Commercial Student is the title of an
D. Buck, Principal, issues a high-grade oblong, unique school journal published by The Christmas number of the Parsons,
journal. the students of the Lawrence, Mass., Com- Kans., Business College Journal, J. C. Olson,
mercial School. It is written on the type- editor, is before us, and is an excellent ad-
The Packard Budget, published by the writer and then duplicated by some process, vertising medium.
students of the Packard Commercial making it the only journal of the kind that
School, looks more like a literary production reaches our desk. It is quite original and
than a business college periodical. It is a "Greater Coatesville " is the title of a
the students are to be congratulated on its pink-covered journal published in the inter-
good thing and seems to l>e prospering. originality and get up. Subscription price, ests of the Coatesville, Pa., Business Col-
in cents, single copies, 2 cents. lege, H. Chauncey Clark, Proprietor. In it
Beautiful and marvelous are the scenes
depicted in the booklet received from the we recognize the likeness of Mr. H.C. Clark,
Mendocino County Board of Trade, Cali- School advertising literature has been re- minus the side-burns, whom we knew years
fornia. The marvelous wealth of that ceived from the f.dlowing: Santa Rosa, ago in Erie, Pa. The journal is well gotten
country still remains utiestimated. The Calif., Business I'niversity; Forest City up.
book is sent free bv application to the Board Business College, London, Ont. Capital ;

of Trade, Ukiah, Mendocino County, Cal. City Business College, Helena, Mont.; Busi- The Gregg Writer, Chicago, comes to our
ness Department of the Frederick, Md, Col- desk regularly and always contains some-
lege; Eclectic Business College, Albany,
The best edited little school journal that Ore.
thing of interest. In the December number
reaches our desk is entitled " Commercial we notice some timelv editorials on the con-
Education," and is edited by M. W. Cass- duct of the Federation. The Gregg Writer
more, and published by the Seattle, Wash., Holiday Greetings and Announcements, is making improvements from time to time
Commercial School. Commencement Invitations, etc., have been and is destined to be, as it already is, a jour-
received from the following: Massey Busi- nal of more than shorthand influence.
"Gilbert" is the gold embossed title of ness College, Jacksonville, Fla.; Earthman
the brown-backed catalog received from the Business University, Whitewright, Te.xas; " About Writing" is the artistic title of an
Gilbert Commercial College, Milwaukee, Capital City Conmiercial College, Des
Wis. The catalog is one of the finest re- Moines, la.; Peirce School, Philadelphia, elegantly-printed, cream-colored, envelope-
ceived at this office during the past year. Pa.; E. M. Huntsinger, Hartford, Conn.; size, booklet issued by Mr. M. A. Albin, the
It gives us a favorable impression of the The Mueller School, Cincinnati, O.; J. W. well known penman, in the interests of the
institution. Westervelt, London, Ont.; M. E. Bennett, Multnomah Institute, Portland, Ore.

BUSINESS CAPITALS BY L. E. STACY, SALEN, MASS., COPIMERCIAL SCHOOL.

 .^^^u4/n^i^i^/iu:ai&?- ^
with bringing about the undoing of the York City, 1905 Edition is before us, and like
Northern Securities Company. those which preceded it, is a model of the
shorthand book making art. Price $1.50.
On January 5th, the badly decomposed Isaac Pitman's shorthand has been making
body of N. S. Phelps, founder and president long strides of recent years in this country,
Interesting of the Ellis Publishing Co., was found m owing to improved literature and
publishers.
te.xt, and
the Battle Creek river, near Battle Creek, the enterprise of its

News Items Mich., Mr. Phelps' home city, and the scene
of his meteoric career. He had been miss-
" Spelling. Language and Composition " by
ing since the '.'ard of October. It is supposed Mr. O. A. Hoffman, published by Hoffman-
that he committed suicide because of de- .Metropolitan Publishing Co., Milwaukee,
spondency over the losi of a fortune that he Wis., Metropolitan Block, is the title of a
had made'frrmi the proHtsof the publislimg yellow backed, 5 by 7, ninety-two-page book
M F. Pratt, with the Union Business Col- concern as a foundation and more directly devoted to the subjects named. From the
lege, Philadelphia, for sometime ciurinu the afterward in the promotion of the Malta number of recent books on these subjects,
fall, began with the Packard School Janu- Vita Pure Food Company. we are led to believe that there is an un-
usual demand for good spellers and for
those who can use good language; hence,
H.L. Horton, who has been with his bro-
We learn that the Butler, Pa., Business the demand for publications of this char-
College is now one of the finest and best
ther, L. C. Horton, in Trenton, N. J., is with equipped in the state of Pennsylvania. We
acter.
J. J. Ginste, of the Ashtabula, Ohio, Busi- also learn that the school is progressing
ness College. nicely and that twentv-four typewriters are
being kept busy in the typewriting depart-
Irvin F. Hague, for several years in charge ment. Mr. A. F. Regal, proprietor of the in-
of the business practice work in the Yncum stitution, certainly deserves much credit
schools of central Ohio, with headquarters
at Massillon, has joined the faculty of the
Spencerian Commercial School, Clev.-land.
Both parties to this arrangement are to be
congratulated.
for the success he is achieving in spite ot
the many interferences he has had in the
past. It will be remembered that he was
one of the victims of the typhoid fever
scourge that was epidemic in Butler some
K^^^l
J S21SirIS
vears ago, and that before completely re- I'OK PCKIOD L. CIKCULAK. BOOKI ETA CAT/ LOUUE
Miss Helen S. Henderson, recently a stud- covering, his school building burned. But AtlrMlivcArlish c*«cc.»vinj. Eye-cafchtnjruTmfrw TQITZTB
1M CAfTIOM K
ent in the Shenandoah, Iowa, Normal and .Mr. Kegal is evidently made ot that kind of
IK

Business Sclionl, has accepted a position stuff that doesn't allow such matters to TMi: KI^ YSTUmO 245BR0ADV r-cwv^
with the Marion, Ohio, Business College. discourage him.
S. B. Koopman, recently with the Peacock
Military School, San Antonio, Texas, and
formerly in charge of the commercial de-
partment of the North Dakota State Normal
School, at Valley City, has been engaged to
GROSSING
and Illuminating of Tesrimonials. Memor-
take charge of the commercial department ial. Coats-of-Arms. Cenlfttates, in gold,
of the new school that Morton MacCormac silver and colors. All styles; framing or
is opening in Chicago. album; simple or elaborate. ^ We also
desi(;n and engfrave for catalogs and adver-
H. VV. Memstreet, recently of Toronto, has tisements. We are Penmanship Headquar-
taken hold of commercial work with G. W. ters. Anything that's done vith pen and
Thorn, Du Bois, Pa. Bway, N.Y.

T.W. Ovens, formerly of Sheboygan, Wis.,

' Modern Business —_

panied with " Exercises for Punctuation

phone, 'i-hone. 3530 Cort. 245

is a late addition to the teaching force of the by Benj. J. Campbell, publislied by the
Scranton, Pa., Business College.

H.C. Nance, of Covington, Conn., has taken

author, Koanoke, Va., impresses us as being
one of the most intensely practical and
usable books and exercises we ha ve had the
^®ifx£orrhaA
the place made vacant in the Y. M. C. A. pleasure of examining. If you are inter-
School, Cincinnati, by the resignation of S. ested in these subjects, you would do well
G. Broadwater. to communicate with the publisher. It you
are not interested, perhaps you had better
The annual address to the students of be. We do not know the price.
Peirce School. Philadelphia, this year was " The Revised 20th Century Edition of the
delivered bv Jas. M. Beck, the brilliant cor-
poration lawyer, whose argument as Assist- Isaac Pitman Shorthand Instructor," by
ant U. S. Attorney General had much to do Isaac Pitman & Sons, 31 Union Square, New

BUSINESS SIGNATURES BY A. R. BURNETTEE, BOWLING GREEN, KY.

 f^^^ud^neU^i^^/uaiU^ ^

LODGES HDS0(5lliII^
•N ALBUM FORM »"
^3" 5UIT/1BLE FOR -^;~
FRAMING

/^'^g::^-^ Mr. A. H. Paton of Danvers. Mass., is now

first assistant teacher of bookkeeping
under Mr. Stacy in the Salem, Mass., Com-
mercial School. Miss Florence C. Delano
News Notes succeeds Mr. Paton in his former position.
Mr. Paton is a young man who is destined
to work up to the top in the commercial
and Notices. teaching profession. Dr. and Mrs. Chas. R. Starkweather
announce the marriage of
their daughter
G W. Anderson, Prince Albert, Sask., Mary Ethel,
Can., is about to open the first business col- to
At Christmas time the pupils of Elliott's lege in the Saskatchewan Territory, the M Alfred Franklin Foote,
r.
school to be knoivn as the Prince Albert
,

Business College, Burlington, la., presented December Twenty-first

President Elliott with a handsome chair. Business College. It seems that this coun- Nineteen Hundred Four.
They also presented Mr. C. J. Potter, the try has a great future before it, many people West Cummington,
conscientious teacher of penmanship, a $.')0 from all parts of the world going there, and Massachusetts.
diamond stud as tokens of their esteem for we certainly wish Mr. Anderson success in
their proprietor and teacher. establishing an up-to-date business college THE BUSINESS Educator is one of my
in this new country. chief inspirations. I find nothing else in
From the Springfield, Mass., Union, Satur- which I can get anything near the amount
day, Dec. 17th, 19(11. we note that Capt. A. F. The students of the Brazil, Ind., Business of help in my class room work. Long may
Foote, of the Holyoke Business Institute, College, presented Messrs. B. A. and C. B. it flourish— the inspiration and pride of our
was the toastmaster at the big banquet Munson and A. O. Kline each with a hand- profession. S. G. BHOAinvATER.
given by the D Co., 2nd Regiment, M. V. M., some Christmas present. Warrensburg, Mo.
held in Hotel Hamilton, Holyoke.
The Metropolitan Business College, Min-
neapolis. Minn.,G. M. Langum. proprietor, Hea.<iiii^s
recently purchased the Practical Business
College, of Red Wing. Minn., Messrs. Franz
and K'ewcome, proprietors, and merged it
into his own. Langum wanted his old
teachers back and the only way he could
get them was to buy the school. It was a
complimentary deal on both sides.
Let me know %vh,it you need. iLLUSTRATIONSt
Mr. E. H. Fearon, Principal of Toland's
., that telt tke^tory \

have no Catalogue,
Mankato Business University, made us a
I

Christmas present of a good sized club of so donot write to me unless

subscriptions to THE BUSINESS El)UC.\TOK. YOU .MEAN BUSINESS. PENMANSHIP
He reports over a hundred students in the G. S. EERVERSOn, absolutely ri'ght'
commercial department, with more coming. for engrav'ing
Mr. Fearon gets results in penmanship, as Hew York.
well as in other things. He is a well round-
106 N. 64th St.
% E IN THE BESTJWJNERti
ed and thoroughly grounded commercial AT A LOW COST TO THE
teacher. PURCHASER--'!?--/.- ...-
eompliment f«r Our Students' Edition.
3-3ti5faction Guaranteed
W. L. Morris, penman in the Tyler, Texas,
Commercial College, recently favored us "EXCELLENT CUTS.*
with a good list of subscriptions, and also I am much pleased with the Students'
enclosed a number of well written cards, Edition of the B. E. I have thought for MADE FROM MY DRAWINGS.
ornamental style. Mr. Morris is making some time that it would be better if you FURNISHED AT;
unusual progress in penmanship and we
'

10* AN INCH FOR HALF-TONES

doubt not that he is the right man for the issued a Students' Edition, as there is so J-.FOR ZINC ETCHINGS
position he holds. much in the Professional Edition that is of
no interest to the student. I congratulate S£ND copy FOff E5Tlf*tT^^^^
We were surprised to learn of the rapid you on the success you have attained in
'

growth of the Tyler Commercial College, G.5.HEND£RS0n|

which is only five years old, and which is the first number. If you keep of the high
106 W. 64y'5T.,
now regarded as one of the largest com- standard you have set in this first number,
mercial colleges in the Southwest. They ^'WEWYORK
report an enrollment of 900 pupils during you will certainly have a fine paper for the
the past year, seventeen states and terri- student. „
tories being represented. The college now A. W. Cooper,
occupies its new building, which is a large Camden, X. J.
and handsome structure, built especially
for the permanent home of this institution. Camden Commercial College.

^c*^^i^ C/!.<j,'>i^ ,y^a-u^ /Tr>- , t:7%-l!./£<^^f^^>^-liA/£e^::<^^^^<!<'^

\ C^kn'^e^rCuL^.'rtl a'<n^ /icc/'-£t.'i-'<i.^--rd \
 '^JfSBu^i^n^dS^t/iiu^a^ ^

Xanoi QCoifl^mcjfon—

.o_

%.ITra ^5®OlT|^tn0 1^9

DIPLOMA STYLES OF LETTERING AND WRITING BY H. E. WYGAL, CLBV^ELAND, OHIO.

 ^^^3Bud/n^d^^f/iu^iiXfr* ^

^m

m ^
^^j^^y^t^ut^

ui'^

HIGH GKADE PROFESSIONAL WKITI.NG liV THE LATE C. C. CANAN.

FOR sv%.i^e; The Best is None too Good for Ne We have filled
OOOD BUSINESS COLLEGE in excellent
location. No
injurious competition. 150 For near V twenty ve ars I ha ve
p Jlilfht MANY POSITIONS
Day students enn-lled. Occupies two floors or the jest aterial or tine pei ni ariship.
in heart of the city. Rent practically free. nd be leve 1 have f mr i\ it tl e cards
Mates money the year around. Good lease. ffered helo^
Teachers will remain if desired. Teach
Gregg and Graham Shorthand. $2,0ro in Norway Wedding Bristol, white. $1 15 per
English Bristol. 13 colors,
1000
.90 per 1000
BEST BUSINESS COLLEGES
good accounts. Will take them as part
payment or let them go with the school. By express, not prepaid. during the past season and still
Inventory $2,100 besides accounts. Fine op-
portunity for good man. Owner going m For 10 cents, I will send you a full line
have PLENTY OF PLACES for
real estate and brokerage business. Good of samples and throw in three or four cards
reputation. Will take whatever you say it hot from my pen. showing these cards to FIRST CLASS TEACHERS.
is worth if you are reasonable at all. If you be unequalled for brilliant shades and
can come and see me and have any means, dainty hair lines. FREE REGISTRATION if you men-
we can trade. Good bank references. Terms
to suit purchaser. Will make oath to all v. S. HCAXH, tion this paper.
representations. If you mean business, 50 Dunklee Street, Concord, N. H.
address SQUARE DEAL, Continental Teachers' Agency,
Care Business Educator, Columbus, O Bo-wllntf Gresn, Ky.
It is None too Good for You
LEARN TO ENGRAVE.
In half an hour you can learn to engrave any
name or initial on gold, silver, Jiluminum. etc..
WANTED — Teachers of Commercial Branches. Advance Fee Not Required.

if you study and carefully apply instructions Positions in High School Penmanship. Commercial Branches, also teachers
which accompany each order. I will send to any nography. Salaries. Register early. Send for circulars.
SI, .500.
address, postpaid. 1 engraving steel, (ready for Anna M. Thurston, Mgr., 378 Wabash Ave., Chicago Thurston Teachers' Agency.
use) 1 handle to same, 1 sheet of emery paper, 1
aluminum card case with your name engraved,
(copy), 1 aluminum
practice case, and instruc- The H. tSL B. Imprint stanas for
tions how to engrave, upon receipt of $1.25. exp. excellence — is It ork yovir
or P. O. monev order. Address A. R. HA«(IPS'»N,
i63 Neil 3t.. Columbus. Ohio.

^/>mX^A^0 and
2 or- Printed. V 9«
Annnal Catalog oi Stock Designs Free— Send for
estimates and sketches for special designs.
Cards written in a skillful beai
doz.. Colored,
Aluminum Case
liOc. doz.. Flourished Design. 2o
with name en(
doz., with
lUc. extra. Agents
Daalgnlni tor all purposes.
Wanted. Terms for 2c. stamp Enftr-oaslng, plain or In colors.

CARDS PRINTED PROMPT SERVICE. LOWEST PRICES.

VISITING CARDS
35<fc Howard &
Brown/""""
Engrossers Rockland,
*^'"'
Maine.
With Aluiniduni with name entrravetl. 10c. extra.
Uiise
|A gents' terms and 25 sample cards, 2c. stamp.
Blank Cards, WOc, per 1000 for White, New Rambow Col-
PENMANSHIP TAUGHT BY MAIL
Finest pen-written copies. All pract )rk carefully criticised. Best instruction,
ors, or Colored for white ink. Samples 2c. stamp orl.-)e.
per 100- Special prices in quantities. iscular Movement made easy. ^24 les tistead of Keep up your practice and 1'.;.

iprove after you leave school. "^ iting, 6 months Lessons), $5.00: first 12
CARD CASESII Lessons (3 Months), $3.50. Ornamental Complete Course, including Card Writing, $7.00.
('.'4

Beautiful Burnt Leather or Ahiminum, with any name

burnt or artistically engraved thereon Free, 15, 25, 35 250 Sheets large size Practice Paper, or 500 Blank Cards, ^4gfoss fine Business Pens and one
and 50c. according to quality and dei^ign. Agents Wanted. good Penholder, Given Free to Each Student. Diplomas Free. We also teach Pen Letter-
Send quoted price for samples. ing and Round Hand or Engrossing Script. Your name on a Dozen Beautiful Cards for 20c.
STEPHENSON'S STUDIO, Small specimen for stamp. Handsome catalogue free. Send for it today.
Suites. Orand Opera House Bldg., CINCINNATI, OHIO. Slrayer-s Business College. ELLSWORTH & WHITMORE, Ptilladelphla, Pa.

1 Cfi^^i'~A''r^c^s.z^r^ cz^'n^ /^icc-^-^i-d^^i.£''Td ^c<*-t.^£ C^i,<:z,^rL^ .^T^-^f-vC' t:^^i^73-i(.iU^-n.iA.iS<^*^^t>ei-i<rT-

^ I
 ^^^f3Bud/ned^y^f/iUYiiiT* ^
lege. In 1901.' he resigned his position to
.^^"'^ir-rn^. accept the Supervisorship of Penmanship,
Drawing, and the Commercial Branches in
the Public Schools of Greensburg, Pa.
Specimens f Mr. Greider's success is due to thorough-
ness in preparation, and enthusiasm, and
Received sincerity in presenting his work daily to
pupil and teacher. He is tactful, skillful
with the pen, practical in all of his work,
and warm hearted. Success is the product
of such qualities.
Mr. M. E. Bennett, Supervisor of Drawing In 1904 he donated a gold medal to the
of the Braddock, Pa., Schools, favored us Zanerian to be given June 1st, 1905, to the
with the finest thing of the kind we have most deserving pupil of the year for prog-
ever seen come from a supervisor in the
form of a Christmas greeting to his friends ress made in Penmanship Art. His inter-
and patrons, the same having been repro- Penmanship, desire to see excellence
est in
duced direct from the typewriter and the rewarded, and love for the institution which
pen. The illustrations are modern and devoted to the cause of good writing, has
is
artistic, and the sentiment throughout the caused his generous impulses to contribute
communication of a lofty character. We the medal.
congratulate Braddock upon having such
ability within her midst. His liberal schooling, interest in public
questions of the day, and sterling qualities
of character all unite to make hini a power
Mr. Henry P. Walker, Omega, Okla., favors for progress in his daily school-room work,
us with a specimen of his business penman- as well as in the city of his adoption.
ship, which indicates that he has it within
his power to become one of America's finest
penman. He writes unusually well, and WANTFH Two good teachers of McKeeNew
what is still better, is ambitious to improve. TT M.11 1 M^E^, Standard Shorthand.
Write giv-
He is no w working with the view of securing ing particulars as
full to self.
the professional certificate issued by THE
Business Educator. EASTERN SOHOOK^.
Care Zaner (Q. Bloser* COLUMBUS. O.
Mr. A. R. Klotten,Cortland,N.'i'., recently
engrossed a handsome set of resolutions Whose portrait and signature appear
for the 2nd National Bank of that city upon
the death of a former director, Emmet A. herewith. Is a native of Lancaster County,
Fish. The Cortland Standard, Dec. 17th, Pa. At the age of sixteen years he entered
spoke very highly of the merits of the the First Pennsylvania State Normal School
work. at Millersville, Pa., graduating therefrom
at nineteen, and after teaching two years
Some well written calling cards are at received a Life Certificate for teaching in
hand from J. J. Truitt, penman in the Gim- his native state. Your name od a pack of carfl-< written very fine, 1 flourish,
bel Bros.' Store, Philadelphia, Pa. In ISfOO he attended and graduated from
1 set of Ornamental Capitals. 1 set of Business Capitals. 1
page of Signatures, 1 pack of samples and large premium
the Zanerian in Penmanship and Drawing, list, all for 15e. Agents Wanted.
J. E. Thornton, Carrollton, Ga., favored us
with a couple of specimens of business completing also at the same time the Com- W. A. BODE,
writing and a letter in a running hand, mercial Course in the Bliss Business Col- 27th St. S. S. Pittsburg, Penna.
considerably above the average received at
this office.

A good-sized bundle of specimens of busi-

ness writing from the students of the Eagan
/f'- ^
School, Hoboken, X. J., dropped into our
mail box. Among the many good ones sub-
Are You the Nan
mitted the ones written by "Jennie Zimmer-
man. M. Fletcher and Sadie Limansky are
deserving a special notice. As a whole the
and Do You Want to Grow as We Grow ?
specimens are very good and unusually
business-like in character. They partake
of the business office rather than of the
business college, inasmuch as they contain There must be a goodly number of men who read this paper,
no shades and flourishes, nor even grace who are qualified for a position with us, and we want several
lines such as penman usually cultivates.
Madarasz is after the intensely practical, of that goodly number.
and judging from the specimens submitted,
we think he has gotten it. The foolscap We need men who want a broader scope for their energies,
pages were filled from top to bottom with men who have the talent and have never had a good chance to
solid business writing done in from T/^ to 8'4
minutes. use it.

The fruit of our business is not so ripe that it will fall into
Mr. C. H. Blaisdell, teacher in the Shaw our hands. It must be hand picked. Every bit of it. What
Business College, Portland, Me., enclosed
with a list of subscriptions to THE BUSI- is it ?
NESS Educator some oval exercises by
one of his pupils, Mr. Alfred C. Turner. We are negotiating for several business schools. These
These ovals are among the best received at
this office. Mr. Blaisdell himself writes a
properties are located m
Eastern cities of 40,000, 300,000, 330,000,
good strong hand. 375,000, and 1,500,000 population respectively. We need men
who have the ability to become managers, principals and heads
Mr. E. Leslie, Penman in the Eastman
S. of departments, and who have money to invest.
Business College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.,
favored us with a good sized package of If interested, write, giving your age, weight, height, experi-
specimens done by his students. The work
sent is exceptionally good and represents ence, nationality, where educated, qualifications, single or mar-
the work being done in figures. We regret ried, send copy of letters of recommendation, photograph, state
that the ink was not sufficiently dark to fully what subjects you can teach and which you prefer, state
allow us to reproduce some of it. The best
is from the pens of the following: W. J. what salary you would expect and the very earliest time you
Knight, J. E. Smith, I. A. Rosario, S. M. Hol- could enter upon duties, the amount of money you would be
ton, C. W. Gillespie, and E. J. Sollar. It is a
pleasure to examine work of this sort, and able to invest and how soon the funds would be available.
our congratulations are extended to the
teacher, pupils, and institution. As soon as we can ascertain fully about you and your work
we will be glad to furnish you with proper information about
ourselves and our plans. We shall treat all correspondence as
me Desire strictly confidential and will ask you to treat our communica-
To call your attention to the advertisement tions likewise.
herewith signed " School Corporation." We
have known the gentleman back of this Be sure to furnish explicit information as above requested.
enterprise for a number of years and we Enclose your letter in stamped envelope for remailing.
have never heard anything other than that
which leads us to believe that he is an Address, School Corporation,
honest, conscientious gentleman. If you Care ZAKER & BLOSER, Colombas, Ohio.
are interested in such a proposition we be-
lieve you would do well to investigate. %= -.J

\ C^4^-n/^€''7-C<.^U^'rd eZ-9Z^ lQcC.^-£cA.^t.^''Td ^.^.^M-^d- <^i'i««'^i-^ y'^^*?^^ C^^i^ 7B^,c^>C'^t>£^i^ G::^'CC<<t'C€r7r I

 f^^3^u^i/n^y&/iu^iX^ ^

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Kl)M IIM);JB[061 m(E

l!;iiflv£ 5(i«if6 mv£ ^•prtasum «.f
tfic win utliidi-iv>tjkrinparliiiij Iromfiiin.

RES0EVT5D,
lia5 iWan a-kixviib an^-vulliut ?'ira-l-c>r, anilliaf\vcta;6ir»vjrru>5tl^r!)r(f:S';ini).\irt;;)rv4iii.fc-

.^^

?IODEKN ENGROSSING BY P. W. COSTELLO, SCKANTON, PA.

 ^^^^u^i/ned^^/iu^Ufr ^
Lessons in Wash Drawing
and Engrossing. i

E. L. BROWN, ROCKLAND, MAINE.

Resolutions are often engnisseil in album

form for presentation, the style being quite
popular in the larger cities. We show here-
with an album page with an elaborated ^JJJOJJJ^
start word. This page is from an album
gotten up on gray cardboard. Pencil the BY MISS ANNA PI. HALL, McCONNELLSVILLE, OHIO.
word "Resolved" and its decoration first,
giving especial attention to the form and
arrangement of the leaves and roses. Out-
line word "Resolved" in waterproof ink, or
add the water shading to t!ie pencil draw-
Wai-rensBuf-^-Miclla.ncI Teachers* A.^ency
ing, and ink afterwards. The original was Main Office : Warrensburg, Mo. Western Branch : Townsend, Montana,
shaded in purple, obtained by mixing Prus-
sian blue and Crimson Lake. The high SPECIALISTS FURNISHED FOR ALL DEPARTiMENTS.
lights were obtained by adding Chinese
white. After the washes are applied, add Splendid opportunities offered the "up-to-date" teacher.
the engrossing text, aiming for uniform We cover the best field in the UnitedStates for the teacher Ijacked by ABILITY.
spacing. Use a Soennecken No. 3 pen. We rccojuniend no others. Our Manual is free: write for it.
Finish the letters with a common pen.

Best of Tts Hind.

It affords me great pleasure to have the
privilege of renewing my subscription to
_j^,.ggg,^^^ FROM HIRAM TO POUGHKEEPSIE
the best paper of its kind published to-day—
The Business Educatok. i would not A year or two ago a young man, then a student defraying his own expenses at Hiram College.
do without it for many times the subscrip- Ohio, wrote nie about my correspondence instruction in penmanship. He wrote to others also,
tion price, and enclose herewith $1.00. but after carefully considering the matter he decided to enroll as a student of Mills' Correspond-
J. C. OLSON, ence School of Penmanship. He not only decided to enroll, but he did so and began work at
Pres. Parsons Bus. Col. Parsons, Kans. once and worked faithfully. After finishing the business writing course he was so well pleased
that he enrolled for the ornamental work as well. Through my instructions by mail he is now
the penman of the great Eastman Business College at Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Mr. Leslie is giving
Row excellent satisfaction as a teacher. Mr. Leslie says :

' I want to thank you moat sincerely for the influence you used in securing me this position.
JIbOUt aflne Artistic Writer; to know I feel that it was wholly through you that I securtd it. Prof. Gaines is a great admirer of your
VMif ^1* about Card Writing to ;
writing. I am following quite closely the course of business writing I took from you with my
i^vMi learn Engrossing; or to take a
classes. I feel quite confident of success in this new position and am liking my work very much."
Penmanship? practical course in Lettering?
Mr. Leslie worked up his penmanship during his spare time only. You may be able to do as
Then write for my new book well. If I can aid you in securing a good position I shall be only loo glad to do so. Many desir-
" How to Become a Good Pen-
able schools are anxious for the students I train in penmanship. Send stamp for full particulars
man." It's free and tells all about how you can
Uarnbymail. F. W. TA M BLYIM,
today, not tomorrow. _ _ __„ ,_ ^m r^ j. t^ i^
E. C. MILLS, 195 Grand Ave., Rochester, N. Y.
«t«r a.

1114 GRAND AVE. KANSAS CITY, MO

ILLUSTRATION ACCOMPANYING MB. E. L. BROWN'S LESSON.

"A TIME -SAVER,"

Say all Teachers of Shorthand who have Examined the New Book,

THE
.J
Phonographic Amanuensis,
A Presentation of Pitman Phonography, More
Especially Adapted to the Use of Business and fa ^-
Other Schools Devoted to the Instruction and
Training of Shorthand Amanuenses.

By JEROME B. HOWARD.
Willi a Prefatory Note by

BENN- PITMAN.
The "Phonographic Amanuensis"
a time-saver to the student who desires
will prove a great success and be
to be in a position to earn his daily
mat tkta W 5ttttaM:t tu-
bread at the earliest possible moment. — IV. H. Croweil, iboo, S. IV. Cor ,<^ro55b.an6,a5 atokcii oi'
:bth and Park Streets, Washington, D. C.

The " ."Vinanuensis" supplies along-felt need.

have seen publisht for the young phonographei and it will save months of
It is the best thing I
n*5p£ct loramaiv%vkc»
work on his part.— /)>-. J. VV. Ellis, Plattsburg College, Plattsiurg, Mo.
I particularly like the early introduction of practical work and believe
this will enable the pupil to acquire greater working power in a shorter
time.— Minnie Harris, Mobile High School, Motile, Ala.
1>£ tm.<mitt£^ to tkt lainikj
Hundreds of others. '
Cloth, $1.00. Examination copy will be sent for forty ol'our^eparlcb bvotktr.
cents to any teacher who will write mentioning the 4
school with which he is connected, and the
name of the text-book he is now using. C-c»mtixiittc-

THE PHONOGRAPHIC INSTITUTE COMPANY,

CINCINNATI, O.

I C^:^^z^-eyT£cd.£^r~f a^^n.<y lQi.c^^c^i^/tz^^r:^ ^co'-l^ ^y^t-iZ^^ru^ ^2^^tf^<^ /zrx yfyLi^'^T.^Cc^ryi^x^^yz^ C^A^ 73.u.^:U^^?'l~e.^i^ ^^c^^t^-.C'tPL^^rr I
 ^M^'^uJf'n^U^t^&u^i^ ^

,^1 fe^/^^^^^f^^^^^^^-S^^/S^

KOLINDHAND ALPilAUB
--f^s^jo-zr^o
f BY H. G. HEALBY. EDITOR PENMAN'S ART JOUKNAI., N. Y. CITY.

notice to Business eollcac men.

Francis B. Courtney
I want a good man to join me in pur-
chasing one of the largest and best money-
SPENCERIAN Hanawi-itlntf Sfjeciallst
Expert Microscopic Examiner of Forged
making Business Colleges in the Central
States. I have been employed by this school
as assistant manager, and am thoroughly
PERFECT and Questioned Writing. acquainted with the business in all its de-
tails, and know exactly what the school is
LACROSSE. WIS.. making. Am also well known in that ter-
Tol»nd. ritory. The school has a fine equipment
C»re F. J.
Present
and clears at least $.5,000 per year.
proprietor has made $25,000 in the last five
years. have an option on the school, but
I
have only $2,000 about $4,000 more will be
;

USED BY HXl'EKT AND CAREFUL required, and this will give investor a two
PENMEN FOR NEARLY FIFTY YEARS thirds interest. Want to buy back enough
of his interest in a short time to make me
Sample card. 72 pens different patterns, equal owner. Partner can be manager and
will be seat f..r t rial on receipt olii ci ts in .
control the business, if he is a good man.
postat;c stamps. Ask for card R. Want to correspond with men who have
SPENCERIAN PEN CO. 1 doz. cards elegantly written,
money and ability.

INVESTOR,
-Address,

349 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

lesson, -------
Lessons by mail a specialty — sample
Care Business Educator, COLUMBUS, O.

BELFAST, MAINE.
HY. C WA-LKER,
5585 Vernon
LESSONS IN
Ave., Si.

ENGROSSING
Louis, Mo.
POSITIONS GALrORE.
That's Irish — but the vacancies we have to fill are in schools wl lere good
English is re-
BY MAIL quired. And there is a constant and stealily growing demand for teachers of Commercial
Branches and Shorthand. We receive many more calls than we c; in tillMaine for both-sexes, all
to Honolulu
Send 2c stamp for specimens and circular.
ages, conditions, qualifications and salaries, and from all sections if (

can be called sectional)

We Need Teachers now and shall need many more when the spring rush begins. You
FOiR SALrE. may want a place in a hurry, if so. we'ro in a hurry to get you You may wish to run up
yoiir lightning rod to see what strikes if so, you're right in line for pr9motlon
;
as we re

Duplicates, Commercial Geography Ex- the promoters who are furnishing electricity in the shape of good vacancies.
hibits carefully labeled and keyed It pays to Keep Registered with us. because we get frequent ," J*"^
''""S.""?," advance
'i'^J
require prompt action on our part and bf cause we are often asked, months in
; ; of
Cereals and Products of many foreign
;

registration gets
a new school year, to pick out a teacher for certain work. Hence early
countries. If interested, address the pick of the places. »'rile for Blanks to-duy.
teacher and well-
Free Registration. So confident are we that we can place every good
Stephen D. Van Benthuysen, prepared griduate that we make the following offer We will waive theJJ registratioil fee
:

and allow this to be paid with our 4 per cent, commission (one-half in 30 days, one^half in
School of Commerce. ONARCA. ILLINOIS. eodaysafter beginning work I. This offer applies only to those who, after investigation,
we accept as suitable candidates for our lists.
for a large cake of Korean Ink The School Exchange Deparlment is maintained to sell school property and to aid in
IT IS $3 the kind that is per/ei:tll/ black
un shades— mellow and soft on
.luM\ e. hut tirin hair lines. It
forming partnerships. Write for information.

iin.-utive to beautiful writing.

^tt- >lvle and etching made for
trder— cuts that
Kinsley Commercial Teachers' Bureau
BUY THE IKK, nnd i
z quality.
WM. J. KINSLEY, Manager. 245 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.
L. MADARASZ, 1281 Third Ave., New York.

d'^t^71<^^U<n.i^€W.'^.-c^:U<^-
\_
C^i^i-'.^-ric^L^T'^ a^'z^ ^OpcJ^^cA'^l-i^ ^CK'^M ^>^!^<:i^^-i^ ^;^-<^ \
 ^^^^u^/n^d^/^/iu^i/fr^ ^

BCBerfrjtidJ K

V,
Itliiiik no commercial teaclier should be
without the best penmanship antl busines^s BLANK CARDS AND PAPER.
journal. I have tried all I ever heard of
hut finri TlIK lU'SINESS EDI'CATOK far
superior to any other. SCHJIITT,
JNO.
Mints and Melps in Lettering, i Send for Samples and Price List.
J.
Prin. Cora'l Dept., High School, Designing, Etc.
Port Huron, Nich. Good grade of Student's Practice Paper, either
C. D. SCRIBNER, BeIton,Tex. wide or ordinary ruling, $1.26 per 1000 sheets.
ONE DOZEN CARDS, elegantly written
A little book, pocket in my best style, 25c. Tamblyn's Glossy Black
showing how Ink Powder, for one pt. of fine ink, Powder
SHORT CDTS. size,
with half the figures and
to do
for bottle of fine White Ink, 25c.
35c.

in half the time all of those little calculations You will tind this alphabet original, and
which we must figure out every day. Everything composed of many individual characters of F. W. XA.MBI.YN,
from Addition to Interest and Discount. Its my own. It is a strong one, suitable for
worth is attested by the fact that its author is almost all commercial purposes. Very 1114 Grand Ave. KANSAS CITY. MO.
now and has been for years the specialist in this handy for initial letters, and decorative
branch at the Eastman Business College. Price, work, can be varied in many ways.
too. It
cloth, 80c. Address, The A suggests a simple way of
initial
GEO A DEEL, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. ornamentation. Studv the forms. Notice
the E's: the finish of G: the curve in K; \nTr OO TO "COULEGE" —
the first stroke of M, X. X, A, etc. Also the TO LEARN BOOK-KEEPING
ending of i?'s,- the I', IC, Y; how peculiar WHEN WILL MAKE A
? The Prad Teachers' Agency, [
they look -still effective and new. This
I

70 Fifth Avenue, Hew York, I

alphabet was drawn about 14 inches long Jirst-CIassBook-Kjpepcr
by l^n wide. The letters were 1*4 inches in
Recommends college and normal ^ada- height. The letters were originated as fast AT VOIR OWX
atel, ipecialisU, and other teacbers to col-
[
t as they could be drawn, not much erasing, six neeks for 9» or
le^ei, sohuoli, and families. t simply drawing what came into the mind. _ air enough?
1 finri too. evcry-
PO$ITI<>.\$,
Try your hand at something similar. Try e, FREE! Have placed THOCSANDS. Per-
The Agency receives many calls for com- P to create something new.
mercial teachers from public and private F own originality. Keep good spacing, uni-
achoola,and business colleges. formity in width, height and slant of letter.
WM. O. PRATT, Manager ^ our efforts will not be wasted if you are
persevering.

'=^
/T
Faust's Automatic Shading Pens Are the Best

We
Manufacture
These Peas,
Also
rAUST'S
SHADING-
P£N INKS
and rAUST'S
PA T£NT
MYOGRAPH.

We are wholesale and retail dealers in all kinda of Penmanship Specialties, Writing Pens,
VVe want you to try our pens, and in order to make Cards, Card Board, Fine Inks, Oblique Holders, etc. Everything needed by students or pro-
it an inducement will stnd Assortment No. I. eansiat-
ing of 15 popular styles, postpaid, upon receipt of 10
fessional penmen.
cents, and give you We have just issued a fine, large, illustrated catalogue. Send for it.

FREE B Handsomo Penholder

AUTO PEN &. INK MFG. CO., 40 DEARBORN ST CHICAGO.
C. HOWARD HUNT PEN CO., Camden, N. J
. ,

6^f£^^u^'-r^c±^'-7-xf a^-n^ ^cc^-^t-^d^A-d^'T':^ .^c<,^±.^S iS^.<e-?^^ .^u^^n^c^ C^lU, /3<i<i*->Z.^.4<:/£^Z^Cd'i:<St^<'-7' I

 ^^^^ud/n^d^^/iu^i/ir^ ^
and m usually too rounding. In fact nearly equally well with the left hand. As a rule I
all lower turns are more rounding than believe it is well for the left-handed pupil to
upper turns. Study form closely, Y'ou are
improving. Your movement is good. Suc- hold the pen and paper in the same relation
cess will follow. to the left hand and arm, as the right hand-
ed pupil holds his to the right hand and
C.S. C.Ohio: I don't see much improve-
ment this time. Loops too irregular in size. arm. He can employ practically the same
Curve down stroke in small o more. Work movement, and learn to write masterfully.
hard on loops. Curve down strokes in z
less.

H.C. B., Reading:

a tritle too tall and narro
small letters are
Yot:
Cultivate more
of a running hand. The angles at the bot-
•.

torn of your n 's and in 's are not sharp and

M. B., R. L: Your w^ork is considerably
above the average received by us. Your
loops are not as good as your minimum
letters. Make them with a little more ease
^^^ .^^^^=^-t^

retracing enough. Ci: the first down and freedom. Your email letters could be I ypcM^riter ^' Shorthand
stroke in o more The last upper turn reduced a trifle in size. Keep up the good |
in ni and n is a tritle too narrow. You are work.
doing splendidly. Keep it up.
Field Notes
J. Md. You write quite well. I see
C. M., :

J. A. F., Roxbury: You are doing nicely. evidence in your penmanship of unusual
Keep up the good work and you will be en- ability. You could undoubtedly become
titled to a certificate. Follow the lessons one of America's finest ornamental pen-
closely, sending your practice each month men. Your saiall letters are not as good as Intt-restinu bnnklutsand folders relating
for criticism and suggestions. Watch spac- your capitals. You doubtless write too rap- to shorthand have been received from the
ing between letters. Some of your turns, idly to write accurately. Learn to be more Dement Publishing Company, Chicago, III.
especially your lower turns, are a tritle deliberate, but not sluggishly so.
angular. The small ni and \v are inclined Miss Cecilia McCarthy, demonstrator for
to be too large for the other letters. Editor of The Business Educator:— I Mosher shorthand, did some effective ad-
have a pupil in my class who writes left- vertising at the Federation meeting. She
Pawtucket: Your work is good.
E. F. H., handed and cannot do anything right- wrote an unusually neat and skillful style,
It above the average received by us.
is handed. Would you demand from him a
Watch your turns and angles closely. change or not ? What should be the position and at a rate of speed quite high, reading
Some of your turns are too rounding, while of the hand, the penholder, and the paper copy back readily.
others are too angular. Think of the prin- for a left-handed pupil? Please give me in-
ciples comprising the letters in sentence formation regarding the above questions Notwithstanding the report to the con-
writing as well as in practicing letters. and oblige. REV^ PlUS MEINZ. trary, Mr. Isaac S.Dement informs us that
Keep up the pace you have set, and the cer- If your pupil is naturally left-handed in he has never severed his connection with
tificate will be 3'ours. the Dement PublishingCompany. " Isaac"
everything, and writes reasonably well with
is a name in the shorthand world that must
iMr. C. F. Gubitz inclosed his subscription the left hand, and is averse to changing to
to The Business Educator in one of the be reckoned with now-a-days.
most artistically written pages we have
the right hand, I certainly should not re-
seen in many a day. He also enclosed a quire him to do so. While script forms have The Abbeville, Ga., Telegraphy School is
verv daintily and effectively executed spec- been especially constructed to suit the right using an expensively printed, highly col-
imen of engraver's script, illustrating the hand, yet they are easily acquired by any ored calendar as a means of advertising
fact that he writes both the engrossing and their school. The school is high-grade and
Spencerian styles exceptionally well. one with the left hand, evidence of which I prosperous, else such artistic advertising
have seen in pupils of my own who have would be out of the question. Their equip-
C. J. S.,Findlay: Last upper turn in in
lost their right hand after learning to write, ment is first class and the instruction is of
and n too angular. Close the small o and
curve the first stroke more. Last turn in n and who have later on learned to write like character.

rpjLUREJfO
"WITH THEi

TOB'-fiSOPHIiSTRI

fee lowest

Tk Ej2ddrNSGi22ei2t of oarPalroK^^
DESIGNING €^MGM/ING for
EDUCmONAl INSTITUTIONS IS OURSI»EGIAlTYi

SEN]) FOR S PE CIAlv PRIG E '

L LS T

MICHIGAN ENGRAVING GO.

.212 PBARLST.v
jGl&^NBiirRAHIKS^MIjGmj

I
^5£^^*rf^r^i<i^>i^ d-^n^ ^«-^<^:-<i^-«^«/-*#>*^S^ ^^,<«,.;^l^^j<:<f*e. C^l^7^.<c^U^'>Z.£.d^€^€6c<-'*>ez^Ctr7'.
I
 f^^^ud^ied^^/iu^tiir* ^

cards wonprize at Mo. 1903 State Fair,

first
and they are but 'JOc per d.izeti. If von love
fine pennian^^hip, send todnv tc. C 'W. RAN-
SOM, I3I2-I4 Grand Ave., Kansas City, Mo.

Ccacbers Ulanted:
We have on hand a very limitecl number
^ In one of the largest Pacific Coast Busi-
of copies of the New Spencerian Compend- •^ V, JUNE 6 1904-
ium of Penmanship in book form the last — J
ness Colleges. One educated, moral, pro-
gressive, aggressive teacher of Gregg Short-
of the edition of the greatest of all compend-
iums of penmanship. hand and Touch Typewriting. A man with
The initial cost of this work wes upwards a national reputation preferred.
of $10,000.00 and no more will be published, One educated, tnoral, progressive, aggress-
as the cost is too great and the demand too ive teacher of bookkeeping, penmanship,
(all branches, including mechanical draw-
limited.
It contains the cream of the instruction
ing), arithmetic, grammar, commercial law,
and skill of the Spencerian Authors when etc. The man engaged for the bookkeeping
thev were in their prime, and is a penman- position must be capable of doing mod rn
ship library in itself — an inexhaustable engrossing and designing. No person who
source of inspiration for the pen worker. does not possess the above named qualifica-
He who intends doing anything with pen- tions, is not of good address, and does not
manship cannot afford to l)e without this wear stylish, tailor-made clothes, need ap-
work, and on theother hand, lie whointends ply. Send photograph, give reference, ex-
doing little or nothing witli penmanship perience, etc., in the first letter. The posi-
cannot afford to have it. tions will be open in August, 1905. Address,
Although not generally known, this work W., care Business Educator, Columbus, O.
is the constant companion of the leading
penmen. A few years ago Madarasz had
two copies and offered to sell one for $12.50,
but stated that $.W would not buy the other.
We po-sitively have secured the last of the
edition, and no more can be had at any
price. Many think a copy will be worth
$2.') in a few years from now.

That the book may l)e doing good work,

we liave concluded to sell some of them for
$7.M per copy by express, or $7.95 per copy
prepaid. Later the price will have to be ad-
vanced. Now is the time to secure a copy
of this never-to-be-pa rted-with book.
Address, Z.\NEK & Br.oSEK. Columbus, O.
IF YOU WANT THE
The greatest OF COiVIPENDIUMS
Address ZAKERIAN COLLEGE, Colnmbns, 0.

Y^Qf Satle. flIPID,4ND Know

; two years. Sevei How to
(iry flora which to w. Illhealth c
-Company File
y

ow pricemade to a .rly purchaser.

Address U. Bu liness Educator, Columbus, Ohio. —Document
—Legal Bl
— Card Record
—Credit Report
— Deposit Ticket;
— Insurance Policies
—Books —Report;
— Samples — Checks
GILLOTT'S PENS, —Clippings —Invoices
THB MOST PERFECT OF PBITS, — Notes — Letters— Papers
HAVE GAINED THE ?;iiiip]y check tl e Iti

GRAND
Paris Exposition, 1900.
PRIZE,
IMa ts the Highest Prize ever Awarded to Pen«, tear out this advertisement and mail ft
Tliat's the first step in simplifying your office
or factory detail. And do it NOW.
THE SHAW-WILKKR (OnPAN'Y, Itlnskefron, Mich.
^

^ranch at Chicago in tlie Marquette BuiUlin^.

BY P. "W. COSTELLO, SCRANTON, PA.

IJElfOLDER..
We are the manufacturers of the Excelsior Oblique Pen Holder and carry in stock a large quantity of this holder in
both black and natural wood finish. The Excelsior is unquestionably the best low-priced oblique pen holder made, and many
hundreds of gross have been gold. Prices, by mail postpaid: One holder, 10c; M: dozen, 30c 1 dozen, fiOc *4 gross, $1.10; ^i; gross, ; ;

$2.15; 1 gross, $4.25. Prices on larger quantities by express made known on application.

Address, ZANER tSi BLOSER, ColumBus, Ohio.

I ^^^'Z^^^r^e^^.A^^^ £Z^^z</ /^t<,.^-^c^^yA.£'^rz/ ^'Cc^i.^£ ^/i^ci,'?'iy^ y^/'^^'^^ /iT?' yy?'?'^,^y't2,y^^y<r?zyO'yl^ 0%^ 73yU,t^^^'f-z.£^ld^^<:^<i'0€Z-^<^'^. 1
 ^^^^Ui^/ne^y^f/iUYii/!^^ ^
jMl artistic pencil pointer
Guides your Knife and Makes a Beautifully
Tapered Point.
e:ste:rbrook's
— pgns
"Easy to write with. Hard to use up."
CORRECT DESIGN UNIFORM TEMPER DURABILITY
ISO STYLrES

A 1 PaOFESSIONAL Business and College

Fine pointed and elastic
Text Writers *^3

for card writing Made in 3 widths and with long ^jt.h fi?e and extra fine points
point to both leftand right Elastic and smooth writing

E^stet-brook. Steel Pen Mf^. Co.

26 John St., N. Y. City Camden, Pfe'^v Jersey

A nicely finished practical device for the pocket or desk.

Whittle as rapidly or carelessly as you may your pencil
comes out with that beautifully tapered point which is
admired by all but *"can never be perfectly produced
the unaided knile.
'
'^Z^^'-y^i^^M^A^^y^Ki^^^^^^^^
IT IS LIKED. Ove

sking.
/?^p/?oo(ycra //v /^/psi cz/fss sr/ie 3y
STEVEWSON'S STUDIO,
Suite 3, Grand Opera Honse Bldg:., Cincinnati, ^

PENI^EN'S SOUVENIR
Alittl f 36 pagfs. hjund y cover i '

The folio ing pe

r.'Canan, Mills, Val.-ntine,
Send for a copy and see
/"o/f/vfffir F/f/\mi/A' f/YgMv//vt/ & flfcrffor/pw^ compa/vk
Bode, Hallettand Sto
how Zancr writes cards. Price 3Sc.:. pre , ,
3U6~3S0 Df/t/?eO/?/^ ST/Pifr
CARDS PRINTED "
-'"•WRITTEhJ iN «c_BLANK
«
.ittle Jokirs 30c. 100 Rag-time 23c. 100 Birds
-JO Lit
24 fancywrittenKc. 24 colored cards wkiteiiik25c.
1000 3 ply W. B. 75c. lOOOcolored cards 8ftc. Express 1^/2^^^t^l^^l^r
AgentB' sample book for written & printed ?3rds 25c
W. McBee, 19 Snyder St., Allegheny, Ta.

FINEST PENMANSHIP SVPPLrlES OBTAINABLrE.

On goods listed belo and purchaser pays carnapG charges on those that go by express freight. Of
ill fair sized quantities and have them go by freight.

PENS AND HOLDERS. BY MAIL. PREPAID. CARDS, INK, PAPER, ETC.

Gillott's Lithographic Pen No. 290 Blank Cards— White bristol_ with Zanerian Pen. Pencil, and Paintin^
Zanerian Fine Writer Pen— The best Pad. and Portfolio, for sketching.
-One of the finest pointed drawini: penmanship.
finest surface for fine
and finest fine wrritinc pen made— best
)ens made. 6 pens 2.^, S pens l.'ic
by mail postpaid 28c
for eiierossing, card writing and all fine IlXl

script work. Gross $1.00, % gross 25c, 500 by express - 75c

1000 by express $1.35
By mail 20 cents extra ^ 60
1 dozen 12c
-15c
Zanerian India Ink— A fine drawing
Zanerian Ideal Pen— One of the best ~ Black Carc/s— Best made for white ink and best for preparing script and
pens made for general penwork busi- — Soennecken Lettering Pen
making German Text, Old English, and
For
ink. drawings for photo-engraVing.
ness or ornamental. One of the best
pens for beginners in penmanship. all broad pen letters. Set of I2~num- 100 by mail postpaid 28c I bottle by mail, postpaid $ .30
bers 1. US, 2. 2^:-, 3. S]4, 4, 5 and 6 .5(X)by express --- 75c 1 dozen bottles by express
Gross 75c. % gross 25c. 1 dozen 10c 2.00
single pointed and 10, 20 and 30 double 1000 by express - $1.35
pointed 25c
Zanerian Medial Pen— A high-grade Arnold's Japan //jA:— Nearly % pint
medium, extra smooth pen for business White Cardboard— V/eddins Bristol bottle by mail postpaid $ .40
writing. None better. Just right for for finepen work. Sheets are 22x28. 1 pint by express--- 45
students and accountants. Gross 75c, 1 quart by express 75
6 sheets by express. $ .60
% gross 25c Zanerian Oblique Penholder— Unnd- 12 sheets by express 1.00
made. rosewood. 12 inches long, a 2 sheets by mail postpaid .50 White Ink— Very fine.
Zanerian Business Pen— A
smooth, beautiful and perfect holder. 1 holder 1 bottle by mail, postpaid $ .25
durable, common sense business pen. - 50c
White Cardboard- VJith hard finish,
12 bottles by express - 1.85
For unshaded business writine, it has
never been excelled, if equaled. Gross Fine Art Oblique Holder Inlaid — much like ledger paper. Sheets are
and fancy, hand-made, rosewood, and 20Jix23. Writing Paper— Finest 12 lb. paper
75c, H gross 25c. 1 dozen 10c
by far the most beautiful holder made. made. 960 sheets per ream, ruling wide
6 sheets by express.- $ .40
holder sent in a small wooden box, and faint. 1 ream by express $2.25
Ciltott's Principality No. 1 Pen— 1
12 sheets by express 70
- $1.00 3 sheets by mail, postpaid .50
fine writing pen. Gross $1.00, H gross
Writing Paper —
Same quality as
25c. 1 dozen 12c
Excelsior Oblique Holder— The best above mentioned but 10 'lb. per ream.
low-priced oblique holder made. Many st for white 1 ream by express --- .$2.00
Gillott's Double Elastic E. F. No. himdreds of gross have been sold.
604 Pen— A medium fine writing pen. 1 liolder - -.-. $ .10 6 sheete by expre*^s
Gross 75c, M gross 25c. 1 dozen -lOc -
1 dozen --- .50 12 sheets by express
Practice Paper— Best for the money
'4 gross -- 10 to be had. 1 team by express -- $1.50
1.
2 sheets by mail, postpaid. -

Gillott's Magnum Quill E. F. No. H gross 2.15 Send stamp for samples of paper.
60/ Pen— A business pen. Gross $1.00, 1 gross 4.25
dozen Wedding Paper— Finest for penma
H gross 25c, 1 12c
Envelopes—
Straight Penholder —
Cork tipped ship or drawing. Sheets are 21x33.
Gillott's No. 503 E. F. Pen— Used and best for business writing, flourish- 3 sheets by express - $ . 100 fine blue by mail, postpaid -- $ .40
lartfely for drawing purposes. Gross ing, etc. 1 holder 10c, 6 holders 40c. 12 12 sheets by express . 100 fine white by mail, postpaid--- .40
$1.00, %
gross 25c, 1 dozen 12c holders--- - 65c i sheets by mail, postpaid 1000 either kind, by express 1.50

We handle the best and i I save you money. Cash must accompany all orders. Prices are too low to keep accounts.
Remit by money order, or stamps for small amounts.

Address, ZANER <Sl BLOSER, COI^VMBVS, OHIO.

I C^:^n^'£''TCc^.£''y^ ci^TL^ ^<4-,^-£€'d'^l.^^^ ^^ok^-c^S ^>^i.ci^-9%y^ .^^^-^n^^ C7%-«!. 73^cd4,'rL.£^d^£^i:£4..C'C^i^^:i^^r- 1
 f^^3Bu^^/n^d^^iUu^i/fr^ ^
COMMERCIAL % INDUSTRIAL BOOKKEEPING
Ifyou want to get in touch with the very latest practical methods of account-
ing, examine the series of five sets constituting the Commercial and Industrial
Series. It has more advanced methods of accounting in it than anj' other school
publication in print.

WE MAKE THIS REQUEST OF YOU

Thisaddressed to every teacher in the country. Is there any kind of work
is

you would like to secure for your bookkeeping department that you do not have?
Would you like to have some office practice in connection with your bookkeeping
students prior to the business practice department? What do you want in arith-
metic that you do not have? What would you like for teaching English and cor-
respondence that you have not found ? Are you entirely satisfied with your type-
writing instructor?
These questions are asked to obtain the views of teachers for use in the selec-
tion of subject matter for books now in preparation. Will not every teacher an-
swer them. We shall appreciate suggestions from any and all sources.

SADLEI^=IiOWE COMPANY,
'!^^^^m
^ w w
Important^^ A New Work
Announcement
When a pupil has acquired a knowl-
% edge of the elements of book-keeping
and some ease in handling the simpler
A well-known publishing company forms of books and accounts, it is de-
of Cleveland has announced that the sirable to give him a more difficult set,
contents of a certain Speller known as whose books are thoroughly classified
Modern Business Speller, was pirated and adapted to some particular line of
from one of its books and warning all #11111 business, the volume of which will
users of it to beware. As the most more nearly approach to that of the
popular speller on the market is pub- business it represents. These are the
%%ti
lished by us under this title, we have conditions met in
received many communications from #11111
cautious customers who have assumed
OFFICE METHODS PART III.

that our book was the offender. We For advanced work to occupy, say
wish to make it clear that such is not four to eight weeks, it will be found
the case. The book in question was
published in Indianapolis. Our Mod-
# ideal. You will want it, for there is
For it and any
ern Business Speller bears no resemb- # nothing just like it.
other commercial text books,
lance to either the Cleveland book or
the Indianapolis book, but is in a class
by itself. The name of our
% % Address
entirely
book was appropriated by the Indiana-
POWERS & LYONS
polis book, hence the confusion. CHICAGO NEW YORK
^,
mmmm-^mmmmmmm-^-
I C^:Cv^-£^'rCi^~eyrx^ eZ'-^z^ ^ia^^^c^i^^iu^^r^ ^<.i^i.^S ^%««^7Z^ ^^i^.*!'*^ cy^^i^/^-cuU^O'Z.e^i^S^^^t.c-oa.^iry.
j
 THE
BUSINESS
EDUCATOR

UBLISHED BY
ZANERiBLOSER
COLUMBUS 0.
TEACHERS' PROFESSIONAL EDITION
ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR

/"
 f^^^Ud^ied^^f/iU^i/fr ^

THELEADIIG METHODS OF BOOK:

KEEPm<ilHY>)QUE TO-BE Wl
:0K5IDER THE BUSS 5Y5Tm
OF BU5M55PRACTICEW!TiiOII]
APEERJMPREPARIl^CTmiNi
WPUTORfr
-
Pn^TTTrrwc

-Fah'--'- '
.BLfSS, 'MGINAW; mCff,

1 Cf^i'i/^e-'rici.eyT^:^ a^^i^ lQt<..^^^c<i^h.e^^x) .-t,(/-t-^ i^i,<i,^^^ ^a<i<>»^ /Trr .'TT-i^'Ti^Cfa-n^t-'n^ C7%4S. 7iuAi^'y!U.i^^^<^-<^^t>cl^<rr I
 ^i^3Bu^^^ie4^(iiaiu^a^ ^
School
Business Spelter.
Advertising /4

A comprehensive little Book i>n Spellitisf,

120pages of words most freqnetitiv seen in
I am in the School Advertising business correspondence. Divided into
lessons of fifty words each. Several les-
business. For more than ten years sons of words pronounced alike, hut spell-
have made a specialty of the ed difTerentlv. Just the thing for the school
I room. Sample copy postpaid for S cents.
hiisiness of interesting young
people in educational work. Business Letter Writing
If you are in the school busi-
One of the neatest and brightest little
ness, I want you to send tor a copy works on Commercial Correspondence.
of my " 1 Will" Folder. Unlike anything published. Write for
It con- sample pages. Single copy sent postpaid
tains information in regard to for M cents. : : r : : : : :

the service I offer. It will inter-

est vou. It's Free. Other Books Published
are " Musselman's Practical Bookkeep-
ing," " High School Bookkeeping," " Com
Catalogfues, Booklets, Ads, Follow-up niercial Law," "Commercial Arithmetic."
Systems Designed, Written, Printed;
right placing and distribution advised. Trj- a Bo^ of Musselriiaa's Perfection
Pens. Price T:rentj--fjre Cents.

c. c. re:arick The D. L. Mussel man Pub. Co.

School-Advertising Specialist, QVINCY. ILLINOIS.

Masonic Temple, CHICAGO, ILL.

In the ''Merit Class*'

of Commercial publications you will find Mod-
ern Illustrative Bookkeeping, three courses;
Office Routine and Bookkeeping, two courses;
New Complete Bookkeeping, New Introduc-
tive Bookkeeping, First Lessons in Bookkeep-
ing, Modern Illustrative Banking, Gano's Com-
mercial Law, Moore's New Commercial Arith-
metic, Mills' Modern Business Penmanship,
Seventy Lessons in Spelling, and many others,
all of the Williams & Rogers Series. Investi-
gation costs nothing but a sXAxn^^.^^^^^^^jt^

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY

Commercial Puhlirations Department
NEW YORK - CINCINNATI - CHICAGO

I C^:^^z''e^'T€'Ci±^^'r^ tii-^?z^ pSw-H^^wt-^z-^-T^:/ -*<>£.^^ S'^i-aZ'-n^ .''2^,4^-t^ C^^l^ 7R.CC44^'>Z.l...d^6^^<^'CC^C€l'^^irT-

 f!^^^ud/n^d^(^dfu^i/ir* ^
COLLEGE OF ST. THOMAS
In the Spring House
MERRIAM PARK Dipping Cream
For You
St. Paul. Minn.. Dec. 10. 1904. That's where we are and where we shall be
Mr. E. E. Gaylord. Mgr.. for Ihe next six orseven months. Will you be
on hand to get your share ? In January we
The Nat'l Com'I Teachers' Agency,
had fifty calls representinc; an acerecate an-
Beverly. Massachusetts. nual salary of $37,000. Many of these positions
My dear Sir are forSeptember engagement. We are asked
Familiar with the demands of the schoolroom and enjoying a remarkably to keep a sharp eye on the field and report.

large acquaintance with school proprietors, the Manager of The National Com- Don't you want to be reported^ If you are of
any account but haven't reached the limit of
mercial Teachers' Agency is rendering invaluable service to those who place
your ambition, let us hear from you. How-
themselves under his influence. ever, we are not looking for mere students
It was through the good offices of this Agency that I obtained my present without teaching qualifications, nor for fail-
position with the College of St. Thomas. In fact. I had very little to do with the ures or fakirs. If you belong to any of these
classes, save your time and ours by not writing
negotiations except to submit a short formal application and a little later sign
to us. We are much too busy to be bothered
a most liberal contract. There were a number of openings at my command, with those whom we cannot help. Thi:v does
none paying less than $1200 per year. not exclude the merely inexperienced. If you
Ten years' experience with Teachers' Agencies reveal to me the super- have had good preparation, and are at least
twenty-two years old, is likely that we can
iority of The National Commercial Teachers' Agency over all others. When it

be of service to you if your ideas regarding

the reasonableness of its charges are considered, no progressive teacher can
salary are not too lofty. Full information on
afford to remain unidentified with it.
Sincerely.
The National
Commercial Teachers'
Agency
A ."ipecialty by a Specialist.

Prospect Hill Beverly, Mass.

E. E. GAYLORD. Man»ger

Say
"SO SIMPLE!"
Teachers of Shorthand who have Used the New Book,
STEVENSON'S SPECIALrS
all CARDS -Blank. Written Engraved or Printed
Cards Written in a skillful and benutil'ul manner, 15c dozen
The Phonographic Amanuensis, Colored, '200 doz.; Flourished Design, 25c doi
Any of above with Aluminum Case with name engraved. 10c e.x
A Presentation of Pitman Phonography. More
tra Agents Wanted. Terms for 2c stamp.
Especially Adapted to the Use of Business and Car-as Printed
Other Schools Devoted to the Instruction and
Training of Shorthand Amanuenses. - - - - VISITING CARDS
By JEROME li. HO\V.A.RD. [111] 35<fc
With a Prefatory Note by BENN PITMAN. with Aluminum ase with name engraved 10c extra. Agents'
».

terms and 25 sample cards, .ic stamp. Prices on all kinds of print-
The manner in ch the subject is presented to the student is .w.
ing cheerfnllv given.
sivipie
the work.
it is iinpossibl
L. A. Roach, Pres.,
., Roack Business
Roach College, Beaum.
Beaumont, 'le
Blank. Cards
White Defender Bristol - T5c per 1000
I congr.ttiil.ite you on y production of such an attractive •npU
ir
White Puritan Bristol 90c per 1000
arrangement of the subjec -Margaret H. King, Blootn. ngto-. White Genuine 2Cth Century Wedding Bristol $1 35 per 1000
College, Bloomington, 111. 90c per 1000
Rainbo-a- Bristol, one dozen colors, fine surface
The manner of presentalioi —
cellent the language is terse and Black Enamel, fine for white ink $1.00 per 1000
-

simple and the explanations are nd distinct.—y. H. Vi'aLutt, North

i
Colored, for white ink, 7 colors 75c per 10'
High School, Columbus, Ohio. Special prices in quantities 15c for sample 100. 2c asa'd samples.
"V^ou have succeeded in prod phonography tha Card Cases
bound to be regarded as the simplest and most attractive presentation of Beautiful Burnt Leather or Aluminum w ilh any name burnt
the system ever puhlishf.— .-Jr/ZiK)- /'. Smith, (Certificated Teacher), Hoff- or artistically engraved thereon, 15. 25, 3>, 50c, according to quali-
mann's Metropolitan Business College, Milwaukee, li is. ty and design with one dozen written cards. 10c extra; with ICO
;

The idea of groupt word-signs and contractions renders the work much printed, 30c extra; 100 engraved, 75c extra if you furnish plate;
simpler for beginners, and is a grci.t help to the teacher as well.— jl/rj, 100 canU engraved, with plate, $1 50 50 cards, with plate $1.35
:

'li rese F. Spencer. Commercial High School, San Francisco, Cat.

Practice l*af>ei-
The Amanuensis is a marvel in simplicity and thoroughness.—/) J Good grade of Students' Practice Paper. $1.25 per 1000 sheets
McRae, [Certi/i aled Teacher Director, Shorthand Department, Latter
,
50 sheets, lOe. Superfine, $1.75 per 1000 sheets.
Day Saints' Business College, Salt Lake City, I'tah. Ink Powder, enough to make 1 quart of fine black writing ink.
"Vou have made shorthand so clear and simple that any intelligent per- 30c, postpaid. One Oblique Holder, perfectly adjusted. 10c The
son can masfjr the text-book in six weeks.— J/ri. Rhoda Janis, Jones £- Wrilewell Pountain Pen for Pen Artists, price $2.50. Sint to re-
Henderson's Business College, St. Louis, Mo. liable people for$1.50-send the other $1.00 when satisfied. Patent
The Amanuensis is simple, yet thorough and complete. The rules are Ink Eraser, 50c. postpaid The Artistic Pencil Sliarpener, 15c; 2
so fully staled as to answer all questions of the student. Altogether, I do for "iSc, postpaid. Best ever invented
not see how it could be improved.—y,iw,i-i IF. Calvin, Neio Era Business Engra-ved Invitations
College, Superior, Wis, tjuality and prices are the best. Send
for graduating purposes,
Hundreds of others. 2c stamp for samples and prices. Lessons in Penmanship, Busi-
nati( opy vill be sent for forty ness. Ornamental, or Engrossing, $5.00 for a course of 10 lessons in
vho ' lU ng the school with w
i

either. Sample lesson, '25c. We

furnish material free.
f the text-book he is no Artistic Engrossinir. Diplomas filled, a specialty.
Designing and Illustrating for all purposes.
STEVENSON'S STVDIO
The Phonographic Institute Co., Suite 3, Grand Opera House Building CINCINNATI, OHIO

I
C^^:i^z'^^,^r^^.eL£'^^ £Z'^>2-(7' ^^cc.^-^i'^^^h£''Td ^c<,^.i-^^ i^^l.^Vot^ .^u^^-tC'
^
C7%^ 73^cCiU^^'2..£^^£^e:^^i'C^ocz^irr. J
 *^^^Uii/n^d4^^f/iUUi^ ^

A SCHOOL of YOUR OWN?

VY^AN Y teacliers contemplate purchasing or establishing commercial schools next season, and

^ I ^ such teachers we tender our services. Through our extensive correspondence with
to
schools and teachers in all parts of the country, we are kept well informed about prom-
ising locations for new schools. We can point to many schools which have been established in
—
certain locations '.lirough our advice and all of them successful.

The Te£kcher's Opportunity

Qfe§§ Shorthand presents a great opportunity to enterprising and energetic teachers.
It is a "winning issue" with any commercial school that is properly conducted, and therein
lies the secret of its great popularity with the teachers and school propri-
etors wherever it is taught.
The adoption of Gregg Shorthand in a new school is especially im-
portant because
1. The principles on which the system
is based appeal with irresist-

based on the natural elements

able force to any intelligent inquirer — it is

of longhand writing to which the hand has been accustomed from child-
hood, free from shading and position writing. All these are " good talking
—
points" because they are natural and rational.
2. On the practical side, the system can present an array of evi-
dence that is absolutely convincing. It is up-to-date, and, although recently
introduced, is used in more schools than are teaching all
other systems. If the FACTS are placed before an in-
quirer, it is impossible for anyone to induce him to study
one of the old-time systems.
3. The results accomplished in the first season, the
entiiusiasm of the sliidenls, the well qualified graduates
Rational
WHO CAN READ THEIR NOTES, lead to a large in-
crease in the enrolhnenls for the succeeding season. Typewriting

Openings for New Schools

Tliere are si ill a few cities where Gregg Shorthand is SBKU KEYBOAM EDmON
not iMiight. cliietly because the old schools in these cities
have not yet been brought into competition with the sys-
tem, and believe that such a condition of things will con-
liiiiie. Wherever this is the case, there is a favorable
ojjening for a school making a specialty of Gregg Shorthand.

CORRESPONDENCE INVITED
you are interested, write us fully and frankly your
II —
letters will be treated as strictly confidential. Remember, our otl'er of free instruction by corre-
spondence is still open to commercial teachers.

the: gre:gg rvbLtIshing co. - Chicago

^^^-z^-a-'T^i^a.^^-y^ eZ'-^z^ ^c^^^-£t.dy^L£.''Tz^ ^iCiM^^d^ £'A.-ci.''?%^ yu-ffxc <^^tu^^,cc^<^'9%x,d^ScCtc<'*x>^^-r'. I

 f^^^^Uii/lieii^(^i(/iU^l^f/^ ^

AN EMINENT DISTINCTION
ISAAC PITMAN'S

SHORTHAND Exclusively Adopted by tKa

Nevtr York. Board of E^ducsttion

For a Period of PIVS YEARS Beginning Jantxary, I905
Partial List of Books Officially Adopted
Isaac Pitman Shorthand Instructor - $1.50 20th Century Dictation Book and Legal
Business Correspondence in Shorthand Forms (Ordinary Print.) (cloth $i.00) $ .75
(Nos. 1 and 2 Complete) - - .60 A Practical Course in Touch Typewrit-
Isaac Pitman's Shorthand Dictionary 1.50 ing. (By Chas. E. Smith.) iClotli 75c. i .50

SECOND EDITION-Revised and Enlarged FOVRTH EDITION -Revised

A PRACTICAL COURSE »N PITMAN'S
TOUCH TYPEWRITING Twentieth Century Business

A Scientific Method of Mastering DICTATION BOOK

the Key-board by the sense of Touch and Legal Forms (In Ordinary Typel
Compiled by Robert A. Kells
By CHARLES E. SMITH
Containing an up-to-date collection of genuine letters
covering FIFTY Dl.sriNCT LINKS OF BlislNKS.S Legal -

Forms, and a judicious selection of practice-matter for

SPECIAL F'BATVRES: general dictation. Also chapters on Spelling, Punctua-
tion, Capitalization, and Short Pr,actical Talks with the
Hn invariable system of finSerinS arranged Amanuensis. This work has been adopted by hundreds
of progressive schools, without reference to the system
alonS the line of least resistance. of Shorthand ta ,'ht.
Gives absolute command of every key.
Charts and diaSrams in five colors. LEGA.L F'ORMS
Words not arranged in the hackneyed alpha" The portion of the work devoted to Legal Forms has
betical order. been specially written by Ilenrv W. Thorne, Counselor-
at-Law and lifHcial Stenographer, Johnstown, .\. Y., and
contains chapters on the following subjects: Introduc-
tion; Class I.— Miscellaneous Legal Documents; Class II.
— Legal Papers in Actions; Class III. Law Steno-
•I am deliKlited with 'A Practical Course in Touch grapher's Transcripts, Etc.
Typewritinff.' It is the best I have ever seen. A close ex-
amination will reveal the woiiderfullv painstaking work "It is one of the best books I have ever seen. Every
in the selection of practice material. There is no waste of shorthand teacher and student should have one."
energy on the part of the pupil or teacher; every exercise /. A'. Sprouse, The Xetv Fresno(Cal.) Business College.
and every word has a specific purpose; and the learner is "I like the 'Twentieth Century Dictation Book'
conducted by the shortest and most e-xpeditious route very much indeed. It seems to be the best work so far
possible to a high standard of proficiency. The unique produced of its kind, and I have the pleasure in here-"
arrangements of the lessons enables a teacher to handle witli enclosing vou ati introductory order for the same
about twice the number of pupils, and with far more sat- — Charles M. Miller, Miller School, A'eir York.
isfactory results. It is impossible to expiate too forcibly
on the merits of this work, and I predict for it a very wide Boards and Cloth Back, 272 pp V.i cents; Cloth. $1.00.
,

adoption." -^4 iV. Kenuedj-, Central Business CoJlefce, EA-aniination copy to scliools and knoirn teachers
Ltd., Toronto, Ont. sent postpaid on receipt of oS cents, or 76 cents.

Send for copy of PITMA.N*S JOVRNA.L., and

"Which System of Shorthand Should 'We Lrearn 7 "'

ISAAC PITMAN ®. SONS, Publishers,

31 Vnion SQucit-e West, Ne-w York.
Ptihlialicra of ''
Parody's Spanish Shorthand," Price SI -50.

I C^''i/'-e-'''^Ccd,£^^ tfz--?^^ /5c^-<^<^:*4-i4-<!>i^ -^.<**-«i^ l^'^L,€Z'-n^ yy^€n4^

^
C^l^ 7^XCd4^'>7U^d^^^^^C^<.€'€>eZ'^<^-^^ I
 Professional Edition, $1.00 a Year.
COLUMBUS, O., MARCH, 1905. Penmanship Edition, 65 cents a Year.

THE BUSINESS EDUCATOIi- JI Personal Ccttcr From mr. letters. We

send no written notices
Doner. to subscribers to the Student's
Edition; only to subscribers to Pro-
fessional Edition.
Dear Mr. Zanbr. We do not believe in sending
Published Monthly (except July and August), by •'
Do yoii know that I hear regularly from
Zaner & Bloser. 118 N. Hich St.. Columbus. O.. as about seventy-five persons who are follow- journals two or three years and then
follows: Teachers' Professional Edition. fl.OO a ing niy course of lessons now running in perhaps lose the good will and
Year (Foreign Subscriptions 30 cents extra) Stud- The Blsiness Educator? I get some
ents' Penmanship Edition. 65 cents a
:

year, (Foreign very fine letters, and it's encouraging to

amount due by trying to collect and
Subscriptions 30 cents extra). me to know tViat I am of some help to some- threatening to sue' if the same is not
body. To be of real service to joung men paid. We pay as we go. We ask you
C. P. Zaner. Columbus. O. - - - Editoi and women is an ambition nf mine. I not to do the same. It is the only way to
E. E Gavlord. Beverly. Mass. - Associate Editor only try to help them along in penmanship
E W. Bi.osER. Columbus, O. - Business Manager lines, but I try to drop other good seeds as I conduct a large subscription list
Address all communications to Zaner & Bloser, go along. To bea good penman, bookkeeper, without great loss and worry.
Columbus. O.. except those relating to the depart- or stenographer is quite essential in this Therefore please renew promptly
ments, which may be sent to Mr. Gaylord.
day and age, but there is something far when notified, as we keep but few
nobler than these — to be a true, honest,
straight-forward man is the noblest " back numbers.
Two Edifrions. The Business Educator is You mav be interested in the fact
published in two editions: The Teachers' Profes- Mr. Doner will doubtless blush to
sional Edition contains 48 or more pages. 16 of that our subscription list is steadily
see this in print, but it is so character-
which are conducted on the Department plan and
istic of the man whose lessons we
growin.g, and that The Business Edu-
specially suited to the needs of teachers, principals,
cator is in a more prosperous con-
and proprietors. Colored title page. Price $1.00 a are publishing that we thought it too
year.
good to lock up in a dark letter file. dition than it has ever been.
The Students' Penmanship Edition contains 32
pages and is the same as the Professional Edition, Young men and women have a true
less the sixteen pages devoted to the Departments frienti in Mr. Doner, and one whose
of Commercial Teaching. This edition is specially
practical skill and knowledge meas-
ebange of Jiddress.
suited to students in Commercial. Public and
Private schools, and contains all of the Penmanship. ures up to the highest notch in our
Engrossing. Pen Art, and Lesson features in the profession. No one e.xcels him. Our If subscribers who change their
Professional Edition. Price 66 cen'.s a year.
readers are doubly fortunate in address would inform us promptly of
Change of Address. If you change your ad-
having him contribute to The Busi- their old address as well as of their
dress, be sure to notify us promptly (in advance, if ness Educator. No other journal new, we would be saved a great deal
possibiei, and be careful to give the old as well as secures his work. And what is better of expense, and those failing to notify
the new address. We
lose many papers each issue
still, he intends contributing a new us promptly would be spared trouble
through negligence on the part of subscribers. It not in-
Back .Numbers cannot, as a rule, be supplied. course of lessons next year, beginning in securing their journals.
Postmasters are not allowed to forward journals in September. And we want to say frequently" happens that by the time
unless postage is sent to them for that purpose.
right here that whatever it will be, it a subscriber informs us that he is
willbe the best that wiU appear that not receiving his journal we are out
The Business EdueaVor is devoted to the pro- of the numbers he is desiring. Write
gressive and practical interests of Business Educa- year in any journal.
tion and Penmanship. A journal whose mission is Be sure to be with us, and bring us some time before you make the
lO dignify, popularize, and improve the world's
purposes to your friends along. His course will change and then we will be sure to
newest and neediest education. It
inspire and instruct both pupil and teacher, and to be worth a hundred dollars to any one make connections each month with-
further the interests of those engaged in the work, who will follow it faithfully. The '
ovit delav.
in private as well as in public institutions of busi-
ness educv-'-
one now running is proving to be a
power in the hands of thousands who Something out of the Grdincry.
are working from it daily in many of
Ad»erHsin§ Cates furnished upon application
The Bl'Siness Educator being the highest grade our largest schools. We have on hand for the ne.^t iiinnhirof
and read by the
journal of its class, is purchased The Busi.ness Educator a nu»t iiiin.i.ie
most intelligent and well-to-do among those inter- article touching upon the Early Ili-tcuy of
the
ested in business education and penmanship, in Writing, the same being a new iiilt-iiireta-
United States. Canada. England, and nearly
every
among
no Permanent Subscription Cist.
tion upon a portion of the Holy Scriptiirts,
country on the globe. It circulates, not alone
business college proprietors, teachers, and pupils, from the pen of the well-known and highly
depart-
but also among principals of commercialReligious We do not wish to imply by the esteemed Lyman P. Spencer. This article
ments of High Schools, Colleges and above that we have no permanent demonstrates that Mr. Spencer's liteiary
among office workers, home
Schools, as well as
subscribers, or that our subscription abilitv and style is scarcelj- second to his
stadents, etc. ability in skilifiil penmanship. Those fa.
books are in an uncertain condition. tniliar with his wonderful skill in penman-
I^ates to Teachers, Agents, and Club What we mean is that when you ship will now realize that we have a classic
Kaisers sent upon application. Write for them have not renewed with remittance, for them in the literary line. It will appear
whether you are in a position to send few or many we stop the journal after having sent in the Professional Edition of the April
subscriptions. Sample copies furnished ,to secure
subscriptions. you a bill and one or two polite number of The BUSINESS EDUCATOR.
 f^^^ud/n^U^^/iu^i^ ^
mistakably toward a larger field of But Mr. Russell has something else be-
opportunity. sides skill and brains he is not devoid of a.
;

heart as evidenced by the fact that he does

It is not' often that employers are
not forget a favor or a friend in days of suc-
kind enough to tell the employee of cess. He says he owes his success to a great
his weak point, and patient enough to extent to the kind influence and teaching of
wait for improvement. Prepare, and Mr. T. B. Stowell, principal of the Bryant
you'll neither need to wait tor a job, & Stratton Business College at Providence.
nor will any one need to wait for you
to prepare to fill one.
In one particular, good times are
bad for boys. When times are push-
ing almost any sort of ability is
sought and pressed into service. As
a consequence, half-prepared young
people find employment and rarely
ever after prepare thoroughly. On
the other hand, when times are dull,
the employer finds more applicants
at his door from which to select his
assistant, and as a natural conse-
quence he selects the best. It is a
case of " the survival of the fittest."
Therefore, a good handwriting is
Mr. S. M. Blue, the possessor of the accom-
valuable in times of prosperity, but
panying physiognomy, the man who looks doubly valuable in times of depres-
after subscriptions and a hundred and one sion inasmuch as it meets compe-
other details in the office of THE BUSINESS tition and finds employment for its
EliL'CATOR, the penman who addresses possessor when most needed.
wrappers as but few others have ever done, Today is the day of your opportun-
the man who is something less than "six ity to learn that which is a valuable
feet four." has been at work upon a series of
supplementary copies for aspiring penmen, asset in good times as well as in dull
which will appear ere long, from month to times. Success awaits the discern- Mr. R. A. Cepek, the possessor of the at-
month, in The BlSINESS EDUCATOR. Mr. ing, the industrious, and the perse- tached countenance, is a Chicago product.
Bloser, the Business Manager of THE BUSI- vering, because good writing is the After completing the work in the grammar
NESS EDUCATOR, has had a " finger in the grades, he took a six months' preparatory
product of these conditions. course in the Chicago Business College and
pie" in the wording, etc., of these plates.
Those familiar with Mr. Blue's skill and Mr. then a full business course in the same in-
Bloser's modesty will know about what to stitution. He then took a Pen Art course
expect. The work in question is consider- under Behrensmeyer of IJuincy, to whom
ably better than any work Mr. Blue has he gives credit for his skill.
ever turned out — it is up to tlie plate in Mr. Cepek writes a fine business hand and
quality that appeared on page eight of the a superior engrossing hand. Our readers
November number. Get your pens in trim. will be pleased to learn that Mr.C.is prepar-
ing a series of lessons in engrossing script
which will be begun in an early number of
Opportunity The Business Educator.
" My employers havingreiiiarked that my Mr. Cepek is employed by tlie Xational
writing was 'not up to the standard and Life Insurance Company of Chicago as pol-
would prevent my being promoted should icy engrosser. He therefore knows what is
an opportunity occur, I would be very demanded in actual life, and is qualified to
much obliged to you it you would tell tne give our readers theb enefit of the same.
how I could impro've it."
The above is an extract from a Clubs.
letter recently received, and speaks
an important truth between lines to Our readers will doubtless be interested
in knowing that at the writing of this ar
the effect that good writing is ad- tide, more and larger clubs are being
mired and in demand. It also tells received in the office of The BUSINESS
plainly that a poor handwriting- Educator than we have ever had the
stands in the way of promotion and pleasure of taking care of at any time in the
year. For this we are truly thankful. All
serves as a stumbling block to pro- seem to implj' that they are sending these
gress and success. clubs in recognition of our efforts for better
Are vou waiting to be told that penmanship journalism. Nothing in the
world makes for better penmanship jour-
your w'riting is in your way for pro- Mr. H. C. Russell, whose straightforward nalism than clubs of this sort, as it gives
motion, or are you improving it so as physiognnmj' appear above, is a New Eng- the editor stimulus to get together better
material and the publishers more money
to be ready when success raps at land product, whose age may be determined with which to pav for this material, as well
your door ? by yourself from the photo. He was a stud- as to pav printers' bills, etc., etc. These club
Be wise to-day. Court instruction ent of the Bryant and Stratton Business senders all seem to indicate, also, that we
rather than shun it. Practice during College, Providence, R I., then principal for are giving more than our money's worth
three years of the McCorrie St. School, many times over, and that by clubbing us
odd moments, and not merely during Portsmouth, R. I., following which he had they are placing in the hands of their stu-
the writing period.- charge of the Commercial Department of dents the best kind of a club with which to
Neither think there i^ no demand meet the practical problems of the business
the school first mentioned. world. They recognize that the pen is not
for good writers, nor that you cannot At present he is engaged in Kinyon's only mightier than the sword, but mightier
learn to write w'' with normal Commercial School, Pawtucket, R. I., and far than a poor handwriting.
expenditure of effort There is a from the number and character of speci-
constantly increasing demand, and mens of writing sent us of his students, we "Ulateb a Ceetle Out.".
all can learn to write a plain, rapid
have every reason to belii ve he is doing
more effective service to pupil and proprie- Through Mr. A. D. Wilt, of Dayton, Ohio,
hand, such as the business world tor than is common. we learn that a voung man going by the
calls good, and for which it will pay He writes an unusually strong and accur- name of Harry Marshall succeeded in ex-
a fair wage and give the one possess- tracting some monev from two or more
ate business hand, and is not averse to in- members of the Federation in Chicago
ing it the preference over the one fusing into his teaching an original idea Holiday Week bv representing to them that
who does not. now and then, here and there. he was on his wav from gan Diego, Calif.,
One success leads and paves the Asa consequence, we have made arrange- to their institution to take a course and that
ments with him to favor our readers with a he had been robbed on the train. As a
wav to another. Success in a large series of lessons from him, which, trom the
result at least two kind hearted teachers
measure is made up of a succession helped him to meet expenses in Chicago
ones already on hand, we can safely say until his monev arrived, until he succeeded
of minor but none the less important that we made no mistake in soliciting his in disappearing. He claimed to be a Cana-
successes. A good handwriting is a services for our readers. Tlie lessons will dian and was rather tall and slender with a
success, and even though you may begin at the expiration of the practical dark complexion and a Jewish brogue.
consider it a small one, it leads un- series now being given by Mr. Currier. Beware of hitu.
 '-^^f^^^^^^^m^xmimmsm>^^^?^s-^^jf/^!^f;zf^^^^^^^^^^^

[S^rS' Business Penmanst?tp

Supervisor of Writ-
ing in the Beverly, ^
y^^
.^-^ O V
Work for criticis
should be mailed
to Mr. Doner by
Mass., Public
Schools.
(/^
V.^ .
I
I
fifth of
month.
each

If you have not yet sent me the two pages that I asked for in last month's instructions, please do so at once. This month we
commence to lay a good foundation in movement for all the capital letters. I will expect some good work from these plates. We have
now covered all the small letters, and I hope, in fact I know, that you have made considerable improvement on them.
When you begin work on this lesson see that you have a square position of the body at the table or desk. See that you hold the
penholder in an easy, natural way, without gripping it tightly. It might be well to go back to the September number and study the
illustrated positions. Is your right arm free from being bound with clothing? Have a loose sleeve at all times and you will then be able
to use a free, easy motion on the muscle in front of the elbow.
Just a word more before you begin work. I want you to study the copies closely. Some of you, whose work I criticise, can do better
if you study form more critically. Learn to help yourself along by criticising your own efforts. You can do this if >ou vpill. Also make
your every effort count for something. Very often time is wasted in careless, indifferent practice. Don't allow your mind to wander
when you are practicing— for your own personal good you can't afford to do your work in this way. Throw your best effort into the thing
you are doing, and you'll be made stronger by such way of working, until you will be able to control your mind whenever you will to do
so. Some say that it doesn't require brain to learn to write, but don't you believe it. The more brain power you put into your practice
work the better penman you will be. Now go to work with determination to make a good penman out of yourself. Remember our
motto, " I Can and I Will."
Plate 36. These exercises should be made with a free, rapid movement on the muscle in front of the elbow. Put plenty of vim into
the motion. Notice the little arrow that indicates direction. Give the exercises the right slant, and of course they should be a little
higher than wide.

Plate 37. Go about 10 times around for each exercise in the first line. You can count for the exercises in this plate, as well as for
those in plate :«. For instance, the count for those in plate 36 would be luh 2uh 3uh luh, luh 2uh 3uh 4uh, etc.. for the downward strokes.
 <^!^^^u^//i^W^if/!fu^a^r ^
Plate 38. The push-and-puU exercise in the third line is a little difficult to make, but it is one of the most important exercises
learning to write. Give it careful attention, and see that the arm works in-and-out of the sleeve on the muscle.

Plate 39. Retrace with a light free motion a few times over the letter I the first line, then make the letter large with a free
motion as in the second line. This affords a splendid drill.

Plate 40. Here are some splendid small letter exercises. Make them with a free, lively movement. You can see how the small ,

u, TT, 12, /n, etc., grow out of them.

 ^^^^ud/nedA^^f/iu^iil^ ^
Plate 41. \'ery often one is required to write figures compact as given in tliis plate. See hov veil you can keep theni under each
other iti perfectly vertical columns and write them close together.

f2 /i/Cyf2-/^Cjf'^2/ f f2y6¥/%^C/2-/f7^¥2/^3S^fC'
a/^2^C%yfajy/ C^/S^i— yjf/^i/y/fy / ///2f7C3 y^^/ss fy
C3^yio(yC2o 7f^Cyi/^/oJfy/!,^2yCo i^^y/f3 i 7/^yfi/2y C-jf/¥^6t(y^
flJf^O- // C f^/3^2/i// 37¥2y6¥9/ ^y¥/23V/ffy^3-^/
Jfyo¥7^ff> '/C¥2 /ff^/^fJ <yyC 2// f/yCsi/32yyjfAa2/^yffo2y^2-
¥/^yf2/2U^/^2 Cy^^ ayCf3^2fyCs^j/zyC^2/o ^yf
yy62/¥2fyL^¥<y/oJ^2- 2 /^yf23 y¥/f¥2/ Cf^^/^i2f2¥
A^y2 / Cyj 2/^yC ojyf^y yi,uf32/¥Cf2/^sy3^/o7i^¥fy
y2J/i^3ry^ / ff7C/^z/CyCy2/J2y^ ff7^^2y/fC¥2/6yf27J^yf& 7
yS2/ ^yf2 /j^^/fo 2^y 2/f/ 7 ^^2 /fy C3cy^y^/fs¥/f3
fCjf^2oyf'^ C2/¥yjyC2/<^y^¥/¥y2- 72 y/!,¥yfyC2f/s^/ oyC^/fyLs
fycyCi//jf^2o i^yj2/¥^y^ 3fCy^2 /3.s^Cyf2/A2y2/ Cy^32

eriticisms.
C. T. A., W. Va. You get a good line —
smooth and clear. Make your ending strokes a little shorter it looks better. —
E. W. A., Pa. Send more of your practice work. I think you need more practice on movement exercise. Study small letters closely
and try to get a more accurate form.
E. A. B., X. H. Glad to get your work. Arrange your work systematically on paper, leaving a little margin on both sides. I think
you need a lot of practice on small letters.
S. J. B., Mich. Send more of your practice work. Write a little lighter. Study the form of small letters closely. Work for a well
controlled movement. Your January work is better. Keep it up.
B. B.,Mich. Your ink is a little pale. Use the best material. Be more careful in making small letters they should be more —
accurate. Come agaiti. Send more work.
L. B., N. J. Very glad to get your work. Study the small z — you do not make it right. The downward stroke in the first part should
be straight as in the first part of small n.
M. B., \V. Va. You are doing nicely. Have no special criticisms to offer. Keep on.
VV.B., Pa. Y^ou need more movement. Write more lightly. End all vour words with a right curve made a little higher than the
letter itself. Study small letters more carefully.
L.C Ind. Ter. Send me your practice work so that I may criticise it. Follow the lessons carefully as they are presented. Occas-
ionally go back and practice on some of the first ones.
J. T. C, Texas. Y^oii need more work on movement. Practice on the first lessons. Develop a good usable movement on the muscle
in front Of the elbow. Make the -/quickly with arm motion, stop on the litie atid then finish with a right curve.
C. S. C Ohio. You must write more lightlv — your writing is too heavy. Perhaps 3'our pen is too coarse. Cultivate a lighter touch.
E. C, Wash. Your writing is too heavy. Yop must cultivate a lighter touch. You seem to have movement, but it isn't under your
control as it ought to be. Work to get it so.
S. O. C, la. Does the arm do its work nicely on the muscle in front of the elbow ? Y'our small letters ought to be more accurate. I
think, though, you are doing well.
W. H. C, R. I. You are doing first rate. You seem to be starting nicely. Work for a free, easy movement, and try to do away with
the little kinks in the line as you go along.
B. N. W., Mo. Yes, I think you ought to get a certificate by June. Your movement seems to be very good. Be more methodical with
your practical work — don't jump from one thing to another so much. Good teachers of penmanship make pretty good money. If you
have teaching ability I would say teach.
R. N., Mo. You seem to have a good movement, but you are writing too large. Reduce it for next month, both figures and writing.
J. C. F., W. Va. Y'ou are doing well. Pay close attention to each individual form of letter, so as to make them a little more accurate.
E. W. S., W. Va. Make your ending strokes a little shorter— I think it will look better.
B. H., W. Va. Keep up the good work. But watch how to form each letter. Study details more, and keep up with your good
movement.
C. A. P., Ind. Glad you are so interested in writing — keep it up. Two things you ought to do —write smaller and more lightly.
Make the exercises more compact.
B. W. C, C^onn. Your work is well done. You seem to have a splendid movement. You have a good teacher. By way of suggestion,
try to make your foruis more accurate. Come again, please.
C. K., Pa. Your work is well done. I would suggest that you study more closely each individual letter. Use a free movement all
the time.
J. F. N., Del. The arm should work freely in and out of the sleeve on the muscle in front of the elbow in making loops above and
below the line. Exercises should be made altogether with arm movement. For general writing the fingers may be used a little. Use
the best material, and come again.
W. A. B, Calif. You are a worker. Just counted your pages, and there are 84. Your movement is good. Study form closely. Surely
you ought to get a certificate. Get me up some real nice practice work.
E. O. P., Wis. Your oval work is fine. I would suggest that you make them more nearly like an. ellipse and not so nearly round.
Get me up some real fine oval work and send it to me next month.
F. N. D., Conn. Glad to get your work. Your movement is good — your form might be more accurate. Bring all do^vnward strokes
straight to the line — watch this. Come again.
H. W, N., W. Va. Keep on, you are doing nicely. Make the small g more pointed at the top. Small 3 should be made no higher
than the small o that follows it.
W. H. C. R. I. Y'our form is quite good, but I think your movement ought to be more free. Figure 9 should be pointed at the top, so
in small g. Keep at it.
A. W. F.,W. Va. Your writingis too heavy — ink ought to be lighter, and you might use a finer pen. I like the formation of your
letters. Get a free, easy movement into your writing Watch all the^e things, and general appearance will be lietter.
A. C. D., Mo. Y'our w ritiiii; oujiht to Ije lighter. Use Ijetter paper, and. too, see that you use a free n,iovement.
H. L. D., Wis. I think tiiv copies in THE Bu.siNESS El)l'C.\T<>K are a little large. I wish you would write a little smaller. Can't vou
get me up some real nice practice work and send it to nieV Your January work is fine.
L. B. D., R. I. Your work is good. Practice more on the small r. Watch first part of figure 9. Don't neglect figures. Come again
with more work.
W. E. D., N. Y. Yotir ink seems to be a little muddy. Your writing is cramped — make the spacing' a little wider between the letters,
then each letter will stand out more in itself. Later I'll try to send you a small specimen.
M. N. F., la. You are doing better work. Study small z more closely, also the figure 4. Come again.
J. A. F., Mass. Your writing is too heavy. The form of letter is quite good. Write lighter and use a free movement. I'll keep your
specimens.
E. F. II., R. I. Glad to get your work. Study small z closely, also figure 9. Try to write with more freedom of motion.
J. E. H.. Mo. You are improving. Don't round the lu's and n's so much at top. Get more freedom of motion in your writing.
Figures /, .5 and ^' need more attention.
A. M., R. I. Practice on up-and-down movement exercises. Make down-strokes quickly with a firm movement, then glide easily to
the right. Write more lightly.
G. H. P., R. I. Am pleased to get your work. Glad you have broken away from the vertical — it is no good in my judgment. Y''ou
need lots of practice — follow your teacher's instruction, and send me more of your work.
S. A. P., R. 1. What you need is plenty of good, hard practice — yoi] are on the right track. Send me more of your work.
E. P., Pa. You are iinproving. I would suggest that you write a little smaller. Watch all ending strokes closely.
 f!^^^uJ//i^^i^liu^i^fr' ^
H. G. R., Md. I like your work. Does a fellow good to look at it. Get tne up some real fine work and send it to uie.
S. S., Can. You write slowly, don't you ? Your line is fine, which I like, but you ought to get more steam back of the pen. Send
more work.
T.J. Small £-and z ought to have more attention, also figures 7 and .9. Be careful with ending strokes in word writing.
S., la.
L. P. Your writing is too heavy. Use a better fluid ink, and get into your writing a free and easj' movement.
S., Pa.
J. S.. Minn. Write a little smaller Ydu are not careful enough in forming each letter — give more time to this. Come again.
D. H. S., Mass You need more practice on movement exercises. Do you hold your hand and pen right? Study illustration of
positiori^at table. Write a little smaller. Come again.
" '"
C. O. S..Ohi. "
Your work is good. But I would suggest that you write a little smaller. The " dot " in small rand ir is a tritle large.
E. U., W. Va. I
J wish to encourage you to keep right on. Ending strokes I should make a little shorter. Small k ought to receive
more attention.
D. S. W.. Pa. "^ 3rk for January is good. Let me encourage you to keep on.
R. 1. W., W. Va • small a more attention. Ending strokes in words might be shorter, unless your teacher wants you to lake
them long.
E. E. \V., N. J. nioveni lade. v'our writing is good, too. Let me encourage you to keep >

3'ou would make m«

N. W., Ok la. Your workis well done. Your movement seems to be good. Keep right on, and send more of your work next month me .

j.C\\'..Gu. Am
uleased ttt get vour work. You have a splendid movement I like your exercises. Send —
more of your writing me
next -nontli. Gl.id von think of jitteuding the Zanerian. It will pay you to do so'. I'm sure.
T. J. S.. X. Y. You are certainly doing well with the arm movement. Ny
advice is to keep on. Follow closely 3'our teacher's instruc-
tion. Keep all the letters in a word connected. Give a little time to the upper part of small ^.j- and z. Come again.
B. A. H Pa. Your January work is good. Give a little more time to upper part of small z. Thanks for the specimen pages
, they —
are good. Surely you ought to get a certificate by June. Keep right on.

'2^^^^ Plate 35
-3:£tf)-
Aim to have stem of L well curved and loop flat on base line. For No. 2 try to liave upstroke cross the stem a little 4>elow the
iddle. The base and stem of the D are the same as the L. Slant the stem considerably and cure the finishing line well.

Plate 36
Give much attention to the small letters. A closer attention to detail is necessary than with capitals. Take words containing
111and n and practice page after page until you c get tops round and connective lines clear and legible. The last division of H
should l)e made downward, curving well at top.
Plate 37
The A' is a diflicult letter. Practice line No. 1 ntil >-ou can make the compound curves easily. Have stem quite narrow and
closed at base. The I' should be slanted well and with a full curve at the base.
Plate 38
iportant feature with U and 1 1 order to make the retrace readily. Keep loop of Y short and curve upstroke well.
Plate 39
lake forniity of size the first consideration.

Plate 40
This plate contains much that will be difficult to master. Note particularly the space values in the signatures. Much of the
beauty of signature writing depends upon this element. Skill in penmanship is the result, as in many other things, of much hard,
well-directed work. We hope that you have followed the foregoing lessons closely, and that you have been benefited thereby: and
that you will have the ambition to climb onward and upward.
f^^^ud^n^d^^if/iu^UfT ^
/^/e r/ri//
 ^ ^^^^UJ//l^^^^l^fU^ii^J
P/c7/-e. xrr/y

Criticisms.
L. R. Nm Mont. The right kind of practice will soon make von a tine writer. Now strive to get more dash into your work. Speed w^ill
help it.

E. E. W., Paterson. Your copies show thought as well as work. The movement exercises are tine. Capitals P, B and K are too tall.
Make them qtjite wide. ,
C. H. I., N. J. Your work is so uniformly good that I can find little to criticise. Might write minimum a trifle smaller. You are
gaining in confidence. Proceed along similar lines.
T. J. S., Boone, la. The last lesson indicates considerable haste. Study the final strokes carefully, also try to get letters more uni-
form in sixe. Do your best each time.
E. J. McC, N. J. It is a pleasure to examine such strong vigorous lines as yours. Endeavor to get letters uniform in size. Keep at it
closely.
F. \V. \V., Pa. Your work is very neat but the movement is too cramped. If you will increase the size of all your work you will soon
write more freely.
W. A. I., Cal. Have no general criticism to make Your work is first-class except that the capital J is too long. Come again.
E. B. S., Pa. Yftur movement is still very poor. What causes those jagged lines? Try hard to overcome it before the next lesson.

n Partiiid Ulord Concerning mr. Currier's Cessons.

a very common occurrence for editors and publishers to make much over prospective courses of lessons, and to forget
It is
tlie good after it has been accomplished. Mr. Currier has performed his work too faithfully and practically to be allowed to drop
his work with us (only temporarily we trust) without a parting word. We have had occasion the past year to observe the results
of his teaching through Thk Bltsiness Educa TOK and under his personal instruction, and we take pleasure in saying that no
better work has come under our notice. And we have not seen so little poor work among so much that is good as among the
hundreds of specimens we have inspected. There are finer penmen than Mr. Currier, and there may be finer teachers, but we do
not know where they are if we may judge by results. And if results do not count then we do not know how to judge. Moreover,
we have found Mr. Currier prompt and faithfnl in the fulfillment of his promises. We hereby extend our cordial thanks for his
practical series of lessons, and on behalf of the hundreds and thousands who have worked from and been benefitted bj* the work
given, we take this means of showing our appreciation.
 *^^^u4/^ied^ia!(/iUYitfr ^
'«"W^«*iS;»fci;5^„', "mmw^TT'^^

Practical Business IPriting

Cts Clpplic^ to Bufincss ,^onns
_-/^i-'.;^c;

iirni I'vATTirCGii \>i. 'I \e-

2-t7 a...''g^--7^<^-ie..-^-^^-^--7^ ..'^'z;'-^^ ^z-^-^-'Z-^t:^

tf?^->i2--2:2-'^-T::---^2

a^^£-^^^<i^/
 M^>3^u<i/n£d^<^(/uaair- ^
Iiaste and Olaste J\ ebeck for Four Cents.
Americans are noted for hurry and
worry. Nervous prostration is our
national ill. Nine-tenths of this is
We recently received the following
unnecessary on the part of the aver- letter,which for novelty is up to any
age person. thing that has come to our notice for
Haste means waste, inasmuch as it some time:
creates unrest and worry, and it is "DE.\K SIR: Assuming that your in-
these rather than work' that kills. come is $10,000 per year, and that you appre-
These qualities manifest themselves ciate the fact that time is money, we en-
Cadies as Penmen close you our check for t cents in payment
even in the school room on the part for two minutes of your time at that rate, to
of the students. A pupil sometimes Not longer than a decade ago the be employed in carefully reading the brief
scarcely pays his tuition until he opinion among penmen and business leaflet herewith enclosed."
begins to think about securing a school men was pretty nearly uni-
situation. versal that ladies could not learn to It isneedless to say we read, and
This haste and in the long run
is write as well as men. Just whv this we also cashed the check, as is our
means kind of waste.
the greatest was true we are not sure. Perhaps usual custom.
Haste in means shallow
learning for the same reason that not long What will be resorted to next, or
foundations which mean but two or since it was thought that they could who will "raise the price" in order
three story creations when the world to get still closer attention or atten-
do nothing as well as men, except to
is demanding sky scrapers. sew, to cook, and to gossip. tion longer. Send all you want at
Young man of young woman, let Be the cause of this opinion what that price, we can read advertisements
thoroughness be your motto. Do it may, it existed nevertheless, and
all day long and not starve if the
each day's work in spelling, in math- young women had to demonstrate its checks are all good and you give us
ematics, in writing, in bookkeeping, falsity or acknowledge its reality. time enough to eat between the read-
in shorthand or typewriting thor- Whether it was tight sleeves, im- ing periods.
oughly, and worry need not concern proper methods of instruction, or
you. Reliability, not excitability, is lack of application we know not.
the world's need. We do know, however, that the young On ngain.
See how proficient you can become, men carried off most of the prizes, if
not how quickly you can graduate, we have read aright the results as A recent report indicates that Cleveland,
and as the years roll by you'll grad- reported from time to time. Ohio, and Grand Rapids, Mich., have adopt-
ually surpass your school mates who How well do we remember the ed the medium slant method of writing.
were so anxious to leave school and announcement some ten or more These are victories which will enthuse the
begin the work of life. Look well to years ago that a young lady was hearts of many teachers of writing.
your foundations. See that they will going to contribute to a penman's
withstand future pressure and future paper! It created no small amount
responsibility without cracking and of commotion among brethren, old Partial Contents of tbe Ceacbers' Pro-
crumbling. as well as young. It proved, how-
Rebuilding is expensive and rarely ever, a deception, as the young fessional Edition.
ever satisfactory. You can, it is lady's work proved later on to be
true, learn as you progress in years, that of a man if man is not too good
;
Associ.ATE Editor's Page.
and if need be you can learn at forty for one who secured money through
those things you should have learned misrepresentation. Commercial Geography, by Frank
at twenty, but you'll do it every time To-day it is different. There are O. Carpenter, Boston.
at more than double the cost. many fine lady penmen. Many of
Now that you are in school is the them swing a pen with the dash and Commercial Law, W. H. Whigam,
time to master that for which you boldness of their professional broth-
entered and paid tuition. Let the ers, and with greater modesty we Chicago.
future take care of itself. Prepare. dare say. Moreover, the work being Business Practice, E. E. Gaylord,
Your school's reputation cannot af- done in the average business school
ford to see you leave its doors with- by the young ladies is every bit as W. G. Bishop, and R. J. Maclean.
out success awaiting you. .Sfood as that done by the young man,
Your real success begins, not when if we may judge bv the hundreds and
Arithmetic, E. E. Kent, Commercial
you graduate, but when you matricu- thousands of specimens submitted for Dept., High School, Springfield,
late. Your greatest success depends ourinspection,criticism and comment. Mass.
more upon what you do and what So here's to the modern young
you accomplish in school, than what ladies' handwriting. Not of the Business Correspoxdence, Sher-
you do after you leave it. Be thor- ones in the boarding school, but of win Cody, Chicago.
ough and not hasty. Be sure, not the thousands who are learning to
excitable and feverish. swing that which is mightier than Typewriting, by Miss Stella Smith,
Win the confidence of your teacher the sword in the business school. Simmons College, Boston.
by earnest endeavor, and you have They have proved their worth in tlte
the secret of winning all through life. most skillful art we have to acquire, History of Penmen, A. H. Hinman,
Stick to your task, master your and are doing it like men.
work, whether it takes six months, And when it comes to downright Hinman's Business College Wor-
a year, or two years, prepare thor- neatness, order and plainness, from cester, Mass.
oughly and you'll never regret it. the standpoint of accounting, we are
Make sacrifices to complete your not sure but that they surpass the New School Announcement.
work, be it in borrowing money or men. A fair hand and a good hand- Eastern Commercial Teachers'
working for your board or tuition, writing are therefore more closely
but complete it and then you'll never related than ever. May it ever be so. Program.
need turn back, nor be in fear of Give the young ladies their dues.
turning to salt if you should desire In due time they will "do" you un- High School Te.\chers' Greeting.
to turn about to sympathize with less you abandon that scrawl.'
some one whose haste has wasted They possess taste in dress and Interesting News Items.
his energies and who is now falling other arts why not so in writing ?
behind in the work of life.
;
Cat.\logs and Circulars.
They equal men in shorthand and type-
You are now building for future writing, and in many lines they excel; Hymeneal.
usefuluess. You'll build in all prob- why not so in longhand ? Remove the
ability but once in a lifetime. See false impression that they cannot News Notes and Notices.
that you do it well. Now is the time. learn and you will have already proven
Begin this day to do your work thor- that they can. Encouragement will School and Professional.
oughly, and a larger,' fuller, bighter lead to repeated attempts, and repe-
uture awaits you tition leads to the top. Etc.
 f^^^UJ//l^^4^(^f^iU^i^i^ ^
Field Olork their itinerarv that they ask their
,>— =^ ,£:^^^g^^5=^ A-^g^^-^ banker to try "to obtain the privilege
for them through his New York cor-
Teachers of botany,
Importance geolog'y, biology, sur- Associate=E(litor's respondent. A local broker of stand-
ing—if your city is large enough to
«lFirst-hand veying, forestry, and have such a luxury —
could more
Knowledge many other subjects
easily and directly obtain the coveted
find that a practical
permit.
application of book knowledge, a
visual and tactual test, as it were, in Our greatest difficulty w;as en-
wrutk -should Mtxur. the countered connection with the
in
the form of excursions into the field a niciiili^r i.l

of their special study, is an inval- party get lost or hurt, or adverse reservation of staterooms on the Fall
uable element of student training. sentiment become aroused in the River Line for the return trip. For
It stimulates close observation, com- community for any reason, the blame these special excursions, in order to
parison, and interest. It breaks the would fall on the School Committee. frustrate ticket speculators, each per-
monotony of schoolroom routine. It The necessary consent was finally son must write and reserve his state-
corrects erroneous conclusions based obtained, about eighty per cent, of room in advance and must present
the class decided to go (and take the his excursion ticket at the ticket
on reading. Student and teacher are
brought into closer mental fellowship risk of having enough money left to agent's office on the Pier, before a
as well as more intimate comradeship. provide for an exhibit of fancy dry stateroom ticket will be issued. The
All of these advantages goods at graduation next June), and agent will not accept money in ad-
Observation and many others are to arrangements were at once made. vance to hold a block of rooms for
Cours be derived by commer- The Boston and Albany a party. Not knowing of these regu-
cial students who go to Incidentals Railway runs an annual lations in time, we all but found our
great commercial centers on tours of Autumnal Excursion party confronted by a night at sea
observation. The mental horizon is covering the itinerary already out- without berths.
widened, vividness is added to gen- lined, the fare for the round trip be- Of course the young
eral reading, commercial geography ing but $5.00. Wepurchased a block Down people had to go to the
becomes a reality, a thousand little of tickets for the party of thirty-four, Broadway theatre in New York.
customs, — purely automatic to the wrote the General Passenger Agent at midnight We happened to strike
experienced traveler indispensable
; of the B. & A., who provided a something eminently
to any traveler — are observed and special car engaged hotel accom-
;
appropriate: William H. Crane in
tested, in many instances for the first modations in Albany in advance "Business is Business." The walk
time for example, finding one's way
;
(they were very poor and very expen- down Rroadway to the hotel, at mid-
to his berth in a sleeping car, getting sive), and arranged with Mr. Benton night, was a novel experience to
successfully to bed at night and Hoit, Associate Principal of the many of the party. To add to the
properly dressed in the morning, and famous Albany Business College, to pernianence of the impressions, some
the use of the other conveniences on pilot the party through the twenty- of us went down to Grace Church (so
a Pullman finding the dining car
;
million-dollar Capitol, the park, and beautiful a feature of the play, "The
and ordering a meal (and "tipping
" the Albany Business College. Old Homestead") and saw Fleisch-
the suave Senegambian hovering We engaged rooms in advance at man's " Bread Line," some two hun-
raven-like not far away) using the
; the Hotel Albert, New
York, where dred men waiting in line for a half-loaf
observation car and its privileges ;
splendid accommodations were pro- of bread that this well-known baker
finding one's hotel, registering, and vided at a most liberal rate. This is has for vears given away at midnight
becoming established in one's room a hotel well known to those who at- every night to all who care to come
The sight of such a company,
;

a la carte and tabic d' liote service re- ; tend the annual conventions of the for it.

serving staterooms on a steamer, E. C. T. A. .

silent, orderly, unkempt, of all ages;
finding the purser's office, getting a We wrote in advance to engage one the policeman's comment on the
stateroom key, checking baggage, of the automobiles of the Seeing New character of the men; the sight of
and so on acl infiiiitujit Those of .
York Company, and they made a . aged men sleeping on the benches in
us who have learned these things special rate of eighty cents for the Union Square, a few blocks farther
through years of experience hardly trip, which includes Fifth Avenue, —
up Broadway these were of a nature
realize how most of our students — from Twenty-third Street to Andrew sure to leave a lasting impression as
mere children in such matters — Carnegie's mansion at the north end to the contrasts in city life, especially
shrink from what seems an ordeal to of Central Park, a conductor, speak- after the more brilliant scenes among
them when they make their first ing through a megaphone, telling of crowded cafes in upper Broadway.
journe}' by rail or steamer. the literary, historic, and plutocratic But we set out here to
It was with these things in mind, points of interest as the automobile Great tell only enough to in-
quite as much
as the larger purpose passes quite slowly along. Central Hdvertising dicate in rough outline
of reading the lessons in flaniirig Park is crossed, and a rapid run is some of the educational
autumn colors, regal architecture in made Morningside Heights, vi'here
to possibilities of trips to nearby com-
marble and granite, impressive moun- General Grant's tomb, Columbia mercial centers. Of course this will
tain scenery, and the historic and University Buildings, and the Cathed- be read by teachers near enough to
commercial grandeur of the American ral of St. John the Divine (in course the city of New York to make it pos-
metropolis, that we organized a party of construction) are seen. The route sible for thousands of young people
last October, made up of our senior is then down Riverside Drive, high to enjov the advantages of a trip to
commercial class and their friends above the historic Hudson, overlook- the city, without so much trouble and
for a trip by rail from Boston to ing Hoboken and Jersey City, to expense as it cost our party, although
Albany, by day steamer from Albany Fifty-ninth Street, then across to the average expense was only about
to New York, by night steamer from Fifth Avenue and down to Twenty- $13 for each member. However, our
New York to Fall River, and finalh' third Street. We varied this program purpose is to show teachers that they
bv rail to Boston. by stipulating in advance that our can confer and derive great benefits
We first laid our plan party should be allowed to go from such excursions to their own
Organizing before our high school through the Waldorf-Astoria, St. Pat- nearest large city, whether that be
the Party principal and our city rick's Cathedral, Low Library (of San Francisco, Denver, Galveston,
superintendent, who, Columbia L'niversity,) and the Met- Omaha, New Orleans, Kansas City,
being liberal, broad-minded men, ropolitan Art Museum. St. Louis, Minneapolis, Chicago,
immediately approved the plan and Through a New York friend we got Cleveland, Buffalo, Philadelphia,
passed us on to the Chairman of our a permit from a member of the New Washington, Baltimore, or cities of
School Committee. He, having been Y'ork Stock Exchange to visit the less size. Furthermore, students in
once a youth without the possibility palace in which so much is done that private commercial schools, as well
of such a treat as this prospective we read about. Since the building is as in our public schools, will greatly
trip offered, at once gave his personal not open to the public, special ar- appreciate anv such manifestation of
endorsement to the plan, but officially rangements are necessary. We sug- interest in their welfare as would be
he thought it well to give the matter gest to teachers who may want to indicated bv such a trip, the student,
careful consideration, because if a include this important feature in not the school, to pay the expenses,
 f^^f3Buii/n^d^<^/iuaXpr* ^
of course the teacher or principal
; local ticket agent must have taken careful to instruct your party as to a
acting merely as the head of the plan, the matter up with his General Pas- common meeting-place in case any
to make and carry out arrangements. senger Agent (or the organizer can one should become lost, strayed, or
Nevertheless, we can think of nothing go directly to the G. P. A., thus fre- stolen. Young people, as well as
that a live private commercial school quently.saving time), and he in turn older ones, are quite likely to put
tnanager could do that. would be of must notify the Commissioner of the tickets, checks, etc., away so care-
greater advertising value than to Association to which the line belongs. fully that they cannot be found when
organize a series of such excursions If, however, there is but one line in wanted or they will detach coupons
;

annually, the school bearing a part your city, a letter to the G. P. A. of before the proper time. Caution
or all of the expense, under proper that line, setting forth in detail the them beforehand. Lads and lasses
limitations, of course. plan and purpose of your trip will who think they have a natural affin-
How much more lasting probably result in your getting the ity will stray off into some unheard-of
H Substitute and valuable would be benefit of an especially liberal rate, corner of a museum or public
*«•• such a trip than the • for where there are no competitive building, and the whole party will
eommence- inane ostentation that lines, each individual road can make wait impatiently while your nerves
mctit Dav usually accompanies a what special rates it pleases. The get on edge hunting for the " spoons."
graduation exercise! Boston & Albany makes special rates You should lead the party, and an
And how much less expensive, too, to teachers for class trips from Wor- assistant should bring up the rear,
as such things are now done. In- cester and Springfield to IJpston and just as they do in a penitentiary, when
deed, not a few schools are this year vicinity; but it could not make a a party or sight-seers goes through
placing before their graduating special rate from Boston to New it. Let it be understood that no
classes the choice of an old-fashioned Haven or New York, without consul- waiting will be done that stragglers ;

commencement day with all its fuss tation and agreement with the New will be left to find the common
and feathers, its intense nervous York, New Haven and Hartford, for meeting place as best they may,
strain and weeks of mental, physical, these lines are competitors for busi- while the rest of the party follows out
and financial waste in preparation, ness between the points mentioned. the regular program, which, by the
its full quota of the humiliated poor From Des Moines, or from Sterling, way, it is well to map out in advance
who cannot successfully compete 111., to Chicago would require a refer- so that every member may know
'

with the rich in the apotheosis of the ence to the Western Passenger Asso- where it might be possible to pick up
tailor's dummy; or a trip to Wash- ciation, but from Mt. Vernon, Iowa, the party again, if it is necessary to
ington, during the April vacation, Mendota, 111., or Laporte, Ind., to do so.
with a week of travel and sight-seeing Chicago, no consultation would be Make provision for time
at the National Capital, worth in all- necessary, and one would have to nerves enough to visit some
round educational value, a full year convinceonly theG. P. A. of the local notable store, where
in the average school. All of those line that he could help along a good souvenirs may be purchased, other-
who are fortunate enough to live on cause and get some absolutely new wise your members will be squander-
or near the lines of the B. & O. or business by making special conces- ing their money and your time and
the Pennsylvania System can easily sions for a party of school pupils who patience on every street fakir they
make such' arrangements. These are wanted to make an educational trip to meet, for they want to take some-
the only lines that enter Washington, Chicago. thing from the great city to the folks
and they are eagerly reaching out for Naturally the policy of individual at home, and they want some tangi-
this kind of passenger business. lines must be noted iii measuring the ble token of the trip. If your trip
They are making a rate of $25 for the probability of generous treatment uses up more than one night, you
round trip from Boston, all expenses, and broad-minded liberality in the will have to be an effective adviser if
except street car fare, included. This disposition of a request of the kind you do not have a worn-out party on
means meals on the trains, hotel, we are considering. But little could your hands before you return. The
steamer staterooms, etc., for practic- be expected from the Illinois Central girls will want rooms in the hotel
ally one week. Rates from other or from the New York, New Haven adjoining those of their chums, and
points are in proportion to the dis- and Hartford the first because of its
;
generally four will want to get into
tance to be traveled. We know of well-known pusillanimity, the second the same room the boys are almost
;

several high schools in New England because of monopolistic entrench- as childlike in their wishes. Then
that have decided to substitute this ment and the tremendous volume of the fun will begin. They will con-
novel trip for the tisual commence- its passenger business. clude to do, a few stunts in actual
ment exercises. Of course teachers will business, by ringing all the separate
But, aside from general Suggestions not hesitate to make signals assigned to the electric but-
Kates for excursions like these, reasonable requests of ton, so as to see how it works. They
Special and the scores that are those who in the business centers are will open the outside windows and
Excursions available every year able to help them to get into touch pour a little water down on some
over the various roads, with the points of interest that they innocent passer-by, just to ease their
on account of religious, political, may wish to see. Men of affairs, we overwrought nerves they will call on ;

holiday, secret society, athletic, and have always found, are more than one another socially until the other
other conventions and events, special ready to help those who are sensiblv guests of the house will begin to mix
rates may be obtained for parties and sincerely trying to get correct their evening prayers with some of
made up at any time. Practically all information about business methods. Pavid's maledictory Psalms. But it
of the principal railway lines of the Write to or see them directly. Be is all great fun for'the "kids," and
country are in one of the Passenger brief and to the point. Ask favors ;
they will be learning; so, since that
Associations — the New England, the do not issue mandatory orders. is what you make the trip for, you
Central, the Trunk Line, the Western, Think out the details of your plan ;
will put on "the smile that won't
the Southwestern, etc. Virtually all organize your party so that it may come off" and have as much fun as
our railways concede a rate of two be handled effectively, with economy the rest — only get to bed in time to
cents a mile per capita for parties of of time. Assign to your assistant, have some vitality for the morrow.
at least ten, traveling on a single or assistants, — whether students or If you have to take
ticket. Further reductions are made teachers — definite duties, and hold Eocai street cars, either sur-
for larger parties, until a party of tliem responsible. Do not take along Cransportation face or elevated, you
one hundred can usually obtam a any more of the parents and relatives need to make
will
rate of one and one-third fare for the of your students than you find it special arrangements for the divis-
round trip. politic to take, because you will find ion of your party, unless it is a small
If the proposed trip covers two or it necessary at nearly every stage of one, for it is not often that your en-
more lines, tickets must be re- the trip to be a very'martinet in dis- tire party can be accommodated in
purchased at junctional points, no cipline in order to avoid serious loss a single car as they ordinarily run.
previous arrangement being neces- of time —and members of the party. It is better, therefore, if possible, to
sary, if the party includes' at least And those not under your authority in arrange in advance for one or more
ten and the special rate of two cents the schoolroom will not be likely to automobiles for that part of your trip
a mile is being used. If any special receive your orders with entire pla- about the city that you cannot cover
arrangement is made, however, the cidity. You should be especially ( Co II /ill II I'd oil pagf 26.)
 .^^f3Bu^^/n^dA/&/iu^Uir* A
only the trunk and the larger
branches are used as fuel, while the
smaller branches, called brush-
wood, are left to decay. In coun-
DEPARTMENT OF tries where wood is scarce, the
trunks are used for timber, but the
small branches are cut into short
Commercial (Bcograpt^y lengths, tied up into bundles
called "faggots," and sold in the
Frank O. Carpenter. cities.
In the northern United States,
wood for fuel is usually cut down
in the winter. It is cut into four-
foot lengths called "cord wood."

=U This is piled, generally, between

two small trees used to support the
ends of the pile, and it is then left
Fuel and Ciabts. that being stored up today in the
it is
to dry until it is needed for use or
wood of every bush and tree that for sale. Wood just cut is called
grows, and that the electricity in the " green " wood. It does not burn
" O Gleaming: lights of London, atmosphere or earth is largely, if not
That gem the city's crown, entirely, due to the waves of force
well because it contains much
What fortunes lie within you, water. To prepare it for use the
radiated from the sun.
O Lights of London town!" If space permitted, it would be in-
four-foot stick is sawed into three
or four pieces and then split if too
teresting to follow the story of fire,
Did you ever approach a great city, large. This wood is called stove
from the early times, that is recorded
from the country, on a cold winter's in the old Greek myths — all symbolic
wood. It is sold by the cord, which
night? The train for hours has sped contains 128 cubic feet that is, a
stories hiding great truths. "By block eight feet long by four feet
;

on through the darkness, sometimes hints are mysteries told." One point
totally black, sometimes dotted only we can mention here.
wide by four feet high. Stove wood
with distant home lights, or_ the is sometimes sold by the " running
Early men, like animals, ignorant
lamps at the small way stations. cord ;" that is, a pile eight feet
and brutish, lived through the sun- long, four feet high, and sixteen
Then you see far away a faint glow, lighted day unheeding, but shivered
reaching high up in the sky like Aur- inches deep a " running cord " is
and cowered close together when the ;

therefore one-third of an ordinary

oral flashes in the north. It grows sun disappeared and the mysterious
brighter and you think, "There is a cord. Wood in many parts of the
night fell about them. When the new
great fire over there!" until you re- day came and the sun rose, blinding world is changed into
alize that it is an overglow of the Charcoal, which is worth more than
in splendor, bringing back warmth
city you are nearing. Beneath it you the wood from which it is made.
and light, it was most natural that Charcoal is made by burning wood
know there are lights of all kinds of men should prostrate themselves in
varying brightness, but they all blend in pits or piles, covered so that a
reverence before that mighty, benefi-
into one uniform radiance, just as very small quantity of air is present.
cent, unapproachable power,— the
the myriad sounds and strident noises only deity they knew. So began the
The pile smoulders and the gas and
of the city far away are blended into splendid sun-worship, or fire-worship,
smoke are driven out. Charcoal
one harmonious note, the middle F, which was for scores of centuries the burns with an intense steady heat,
of the scale, that makes a delicate religious faith of the nations of Asia
does not smoke, and is easily ignit-
tuning fork hum "Fa," vibrating in ed. It was formerly used for smelt-
and America, and still exists among ing iron. It is used now as a
unison with the rush of the river and the Parsees of Persia and India, a " kindling " for other woods, or is
the wind in the pine trees. group of men educated and dignified,
Later, your train glides into the who practice all the virtues we delight used alone in small portable heaters
city station, and you pass from the for heating tools, etc. The gases
to honor. They have, in their temples,
from these portable heaters or from
warm car into the icy air of the train sacred that have been kept alight
fires
shed, under the swinging arc lights. since the davs of
heated charcoal are poisonous and
for centuries,
You hurry to a carriage and are therefore they should be used only
Zoroaster, an everburning symbol of
driven, through brightly lighted out of doors or in a room thorough-
the Light Divine.
streets, to your home. In your room, ly ventilated. Charcoal is a great
FUELS. absorbent and is used as a filter for
a touch of a key and artificial day- Fuels are those substances that are
light floods the room a turn of a many liquids. Charcoal is also
;
used to produce heat and warmth by used, mixed with sulphur and salt-
valve and a wave of summer heat combustion or burning. Burning is
warms the a!ir another, and the hot petre, to make gunpowder.
usually the chemical union of carbon
;

bath is ready for your weary body. Grass, leaves, etc., will burn but
and oxygen, as when wood is burned. are not regular in their burning, and
Is it some fairy tale, the 1002nd
The product of this union is carbon are only used when nothing else is
story from the Arabian Nights, or dioxide, a gas which is needed by
some miracle? No, only "modern at hand. (Peat is described below).
plants for their growth, and it will Corn in the ear and corn cobs make
conveniences," and you sink into a therefore be absorbed by the plants
tired but comfortable sleep without a a hot fire. The crushed stalks of
to make more wood. sugar cane or " bagasse " are used
further thought about them, or a care
Fuels are usually (1), vegetable or as fuel, and the hulls of cotton
as to how they chance to be. Animal products are
(2), mineral. seeds.
Yet the ray of sunshine, which used for lights but not often for
wakes you in the morning, will tell 2. Mineral Fuels
fuel, except in Arctic lands, where
you the story if you are wise enough nothing else can be obtained. Include coal, coke, petroleum, natural
to hear it, the same story it has been gas. Most minerals will not burn,
became a
telling since the earth first 1. Vegetable Fuels.
but these four, (containing large
star, and ages before man came to Wood is the most useful and most quantities of carbon) will do so.
live on the earth in order to "go to common of all fuels. It is distrib- Like wood, they burn, giving off
school," to study at first hand the uted over the earth, in many vari- gas and smoke and leaving ashes.
science of commerce and industry, eties of trees, but it is always within
Coal Series.
and to " learn by doing." easy reach of men, except those
If you ask the man of crucibles and who live on the great treeless plains Coal a rock, or mineral, made from
is
retorts, the modern alchemist, what or deserts. Its great value as a masses of vegetable matter or wood
was the origin of fuel and the source fuel is that it is easily X'///(//(V/, i. e., fibre, which has been subjected to
of light and heat of all kinds used in " set fire to," and makes a quick, great pressure, and from which a
the world today, he will tell you it hot fire. It is abundant and easily considerable part of the gases have
was the sunlight, the sun force. He cut and prepared for use, and, there- been driven by the internal heat of
will say that every pound of coal is fore is cheap. Where wood is the earth.
stored-up sunshine of past centuries, abundant, as in the United States, Coal requires many thousands ot
 f^^^udin^U^^/iU^i^ ^
years for its formation, but the pro- cess of coal mining is interesting, but which the honey comb was made.
cess is going' on today and can be space does not permit its discussion Men ate the honey and wrote letters
seen in many swampy places, where here. in the wax ; i. e., they spread a thin

moss and reeds grow abundantly. Next after coal in importance as a layer of wax on a metal plate and
The first stage of the coal series is fuel is then with a stylus — a sharp point of
Peat, which is a mass of wood fibre, Petroleitm, a mineral oil formed from ivory or metal — wrote on the tablet
resembling a dense mass of grass decomposed vegetable and animal so that the dark metal showed through
roots, slightly decayed and turned matter in past ages. It is a sub- the marks in the wax, just as engrav-
black. From its resemblance to stance of immense economic and ers do today in making an etching.
sod, it is called " turf " in Ireland, commercial importance. As ob- Later they learned to make candles
where the peat bogs cover millions tained from the earth, from the oil of the wax and they ^ave light to the
of acres. The peat is dug and al- wells, it is called crude petroleum. dim castle halls while the minstrel
lowed to dry. It will then burn The use of crude petroleum as a sang his songs of love, and war, and
fairly well but gives out a great fuel for locomotives, steamships, life.
deal of smoke. Under heat and and furnaces has only just begun In New England, from lack of veg--
pressure, the peat is changed into but bids fair to drive coal from that etable wax, the settlers used the solid
Lignite, or "brown coal." Lignite service. beef tallow, and the "tallow dip"
contains much sulphur, which Petroleum, refined and purified, yields came into use. They were made by
makes it unsuited to domestic pur- a. Xaptha series^naptha, benzine, fastening long pieces of wicking to a
poses. It is rich in paraffin, which gasoline stick, and dipping the strings into
is obtained from it in Germany. b. Kerosene oil melted tallow which was then allowed
The next stage is c. Engine, or vacuum oils, used to cool then dipping again and cool-
;

Cannel Coal, used chiefly as a fuel for for lubricating machinery ing, until the candle was large
open grates. This in its turn be- d. Paraffin oils and paraffin wax enough. Later, candle moulds were
comes e. Petroleum jelly, or "vaseline" devised and the wicks hung in them,
Bitumitious, or "soft" coal. This (a trade name), used as a basis and the tallow poured in. So candles
has two uses for numberless medicines, are made today, but the beeswax and
a. As
a fuel in locomotives, factory ointments, etc. tallow have given place to the candles
furnaces, blacksmith's forges, etc. f. Many valuable chemical sub- made from paraffin wax, a petroleum
b. To make illuminating gas. To stances. bj'-product, or the harder " stearic
make gas, the coal is put into a Gas is used in the L^nited States very acid " made from animal fat, which
closed oven, or " retort," which largely as a fuel. It is of two kinds, will not run over the edge, the eter-
is heated. The gases and volatile a. Natural gas which is obtained nal fault of the old tallow dip.
substances are driven off and are from wells driven into the 2. Liquids.
collected outside the retort in var- earth, like the oil wells. Far away in the old Biblical and
ious forms, chiefly gas and coal b. Artificial, or illuminating gas, classical times, lamps were invented,
tar. The gaspurified and is made as already described, which were little cups to hold the
stored in tanks for use. The coal from soft coal, by "distilla- olive and other vegetable oils in which
tar yields many products valuable tion " of soft coal in retorts. floated a wick, often of asbestos,
in the arts and in commerce. In- Gas as a fuel is of great value for its
side the retorts, coke is left, which
meaning " the unburnable." Such
convenience, the steady intense were the lamps of the five unhappy
a valuable fuel.
is heat it gives, freedom from smoke, virgins who could not buy oil of the
Coke is a mineral charcoal. As ordi- etc. Many great glass-making fac- five fortunate ones, (who had all the
nary' charcoal is made by subjecting tories have grown up near Pitts- oil in sight, an ancient oil trust and
wood to heat when the supply of burg, solely because of the natural were forced to seek an independent
I

air is insufficient, so coke is made gas, by the' use of which, glass is producer, with the usual result. Such
by heating soft coal with an insuf- made of a better quality. The use were the lamps of Greece and Rome
ficient supply of air. Coke burns of gas ranges in homes is fast driv- and of the Middle Ages. Slightly
without smoke, has no flame, and ing out the coal stove in places modified in shape only, we find the
gives intense heat. Soft coal where gas can be easily and cheaply
changes to semi-hitu»iino7is, then to
lamps of a hundred years ago, the
obtained. Where no city gas can lamps which burned or smoked whale
semi-a?itlifacite.These coals are be had, a fairly satisfactory gas can oil, without a chimney. To satisfy
especially valuable for locomotives be produced from gasoline, in indi-
and steamships, and are called this demand hundreds of whaling
vidual tanks to supply separate vessels scoured the seas in storm and
"steam" coals. A
popular very houses. night to give light to the world.
variety is Pocahontas coal, which is Animal products yield practically no
obtained in V^irginia. The next The invention of the glass chimney
commercial fuels. The Esquimaux, and the discovery of petroleum has
stage is however, burn the oily blubber of
Anthracite coal, or "hard" coal, "carried light" into millions of
whales, seal, etc., to heat their low, homes. The editor believes that
used largely for domestic fuel. A dark snow huts, or " igloos."
large share of the gases are driven
much of the learning, intelligence,
off from anthracite, and it is almost LIGHTS .\ND LIGHTING M.\TERIALS. and inventive skill of the people of
pure carbon, as shown in the table the United States is due directly to
Lights are the flames or radiance
the existence of a simple, cheap
iDelow : which generally arises when fuels lightwhich could be used by man-
Wood yields - - 50% carbon. are burned. They are of value in
" proportion as they are clear, and
kind for reading, study, and amuse-
Peat - - 60" ment after the work of the day is
Lignite " - - 70 those fuels, themselves refined,
" over.
Cannel coal - - 84 " which give the clearest, whitest This improvement is due to the
Bituminous coal 88" " light, are the best for lighting pur-
" discovery of the valuable properties
Anthracite " 93" poses.
" of petroleum, which, in its refined
Graphite - - - 95" Lighting I\falerials are of four kinds form as kerosene, lights the world
Diamond - 100 or forms :
- -

Solids, such as waxes and from China, Maine, to China, Asia.

1.
As shown in this list, the next high- The student is said to burn the " mid-
tallow;
er stage in the coal series is night oil," and a great western Uni-
Graphite, or plumbago, which is more 2. Liquids, as animal, vegetable
versity is able to spread its light
commonly known as "black lead," and mineral oils; abroad by use of the same Standard,
universally used in lead pencils, and 3. Gases, both natural and arti- —"160° test."
ficial.
. to lubricate machinery, and for
4. Electricity.
Lamps of today vary endlesslj- as
stove blacking, or "stove polish." to the shape of the font or oil reser-
The last stage is the 1. Solids. voir, but styles of burner are few.
Diamo)id, which is the purest form of For countless ages the bee has hur- They are: .Single flat wick, found in
carbon. ried from flower to flower, and carried the ordinary kitchen lamp double
;

The United States produces all the back to his hive the honey, which was flat wick, found in the duple.x burner ;

forms of the Coal Series, but the dia- the onlv sugar of the ancient world, circular wick (small), or the Argand
mond is not often found. The pro- and the wax or "beeswax," from burner, as used in the so-called
 f^^^ud^ied^^Uiu:a/i>/ ^
"student lamp;" circular wick
(large), as in the Rochester burner,
with large central air tube.
For general household lighting, the DEPARTMENT OF
Rochester is good, but the wick does
not always run evenly. For studying
and reading, the editor has tried all (£oinmerciaI £atp ^o. s.
kinds of lamps made, and, in his
opinion, the best thing on the market \V. H. WHIGAM, Chicago
is the Trench burner. This is a flat, Cratie Manual Training Higli School.
single wick burner that, owing to a Copyright 1904 by W. H. Whioam, Chicago, 111.
simple device in the burner, gives an
unusually steady white light, while
sending out little heat. It can be
turned low without odor and, if ac-
cidentally left lighted, will burn out Defenses. even by a. bona fide purchaser. While
usury IS illegal according to statute,
harmlessly. It burns for hours with it is not necessarily a defense against
The Introduction Alteration
scarcely a flicker. light is soft a_ purchaser in good faith. Notes
and white and does not fatigue the Real Lunacy
Personal Fraud given in consideration of wagers or
eye as the incandescent Welsbach gambling are frequently declared void
mantle, or electric lights do. The The Distinction Duress
Delivery Failure of Consid- by statute.
burner was invented a few years ago Alteyation — If a material change is
by a man who died just as his burner Incapacity eration
Void by Statute Payment made an instrument, the maker is
in
began to prove its worth. The editor released. The instrument is not the
wishes to urge most earnestly a trial /utroduclioti — kn objection to the one signed and issued. Forgery is a
of this burner by all those who have payment of negotiable paper, based real defense, for it lacks intent and
to do much studying or literary work on certain facts, may be interposed consent on the part of the one whose
by artificial light. A
Boston firm are by the one absolutely bound. The name is forged.
agents and the burner is sold largely defenses offered may be against the Lunacy — 'Y\\\% is not necessarily a
through the west. The editor does instrument or they may be of a per- real defense. But if the maker is an
not wish to use this column for ad- sonal character. To fully discuss the adjudged lunatic, his negotiable in-
vertising any firm of tradesmen, but question it will be well to classify ,
struments are void in the hands of all
will say that if any reader wishes to parties as mediate and immediate, subsequent parties so far as he is
try this burner and is unable to get and defenses as real and personal. concerned.
it of his dealer, if he will send a dol- Mediate parties are those who are Fraud —\i fraud is resorted to in
lar to the editor, he will forward the separated by another party or parties the transaction out of which a nego-
order to the agents and the burner and immediate are those standing tiable instrument is issued, it is a
and wicks will be sent postpaid. next to each other in their order of personal defense and good only be-
Gas. liability. A real defense is a defense tween immediate parties or those hav-
or objection to the instrument itself, ing knowledge of it, but if fraud is
Gas is so commonly
in use that it
while a personal defense is one aris-
is not necessary to give many details practiced in the issuing of an instru-
here about it. The incandescent ing out of the transaction and relates ment, it is a real defense.
mantle, generally called the Wels- rather to the acts that caused the in- Duress —
When a contract is pro-
bach, is a most valuable invention, strument to be issued than to the in- cured by resorting to force, the deliv-
by which a single burner gives the strument itself. The following are ery lacks both intent and consent. It
real defenses : Delivery, incapacity, is therefore voidable but not void.
light of three, at one-half the cost of
one, burned in the usual way. The void by statute, alteration, and, per- Probably prompt effort should be
modern mantle is very durable and haps, lunacy. The following are per- made by the maker so that he would
should be universally adopted. sonal defenses Fraud, duress, fail-
:
not be chargeable with negligence.
ure of consideration, and payment. Duress as a defense is always avail-
T/'ic Disti/tction — Personal defenses
Klectricity.
able against immediate parties, and,
Electricity for lighting is iised in are good and available between im- at times, will constitute a real de-
four ways mediate parties or a line of parties fense.
1. The Edison incandescent bulb, with notice. They cease to be valid Failure of Consideration Consid- —
with its delicate filament of car- as soon as a bona //V/c party intervenes. eration as a defense is always pre-
bon. Real defenses are good against all sumed between immediate parties,
2. The arc light for stores and subsequent parties whether mediate but this presumption may be over-
streets. or immediate. Personal defenses are come. As in ordinary contracts, in-
3. The mercury vapor tube light. against the creative act while real de- adequacy is no defense.
4. The vacuum lamp made to glow fenses are against the instrument ; Payment— This is an extinguish-
from a magnetic pole at a dis- the former acknowledge the instru- ment of the contract and may always
tance, acting without connection, ment but deny its standing the latter ;
be offered as between immediate par-
like wireless telegraphy. deny the very existence of the con- ties. If a transfer is made after
These electric lights need an entire tract. maturity by the payee, the defense of
article to themselves but can only be — This is one of the essen-
/delivery payment is good against the subse-
noted here to make the list of lights tialelements of all negotiable paper quent party, because his transfeiTcr
complete. and to prove that an instrument never has no property in a contract which
Perhaps in no way is man's advance was issued with the authority or con- haj already been extinguished. If,
from the primitive savage so clearly sent of the maker is to defeat the however, the payment is made before
shown as in his marvellous inventions legal effect of the instrument. Paper the maturity of the paper and is
and discovery of new ways of heat- stolen and put into circulation by the transferred before maturity to an in-
ing and lighting. If man began to thief does not in any way obligate the nocent purchaser, the defense of pay-
be civilized when he began to cook maker. No subsequent holder has a ment Will not be effective.
his food, as it has been said, surely valid claim against the maker.
he had advanced far when he had be- ///capacity — T\\\s defense, when Oibat the Caw Decides.
come able to hang in the air great urged against the enforcement of a DEFENSES.
arc lights, as in Detroit, or the still negotiable instrument, needs no dis-
more beautiful circles of lights cussion. Parties lacking capacity are In Town of Eagle v. Kohn, 84 111.,
around the dome of the State House not bound by their contracts. The 292,where certain negotiable bonds
in Boston, which float in the air keep- minor is an example of this class. were declared by statute not to be
ing guard above the sleeping city. Void by Slatu/c — li the statutes of valid and binding until certain con-
Circles of Glory, and Crowns of a State declare against the legality of ditions precedent were complied with,
Flame ! an instrument, it cannot be enforced {Conlinned on page 26.)
 ^^^^ud/neU^diiai^lfr ^
Department of Business Practice
:5u tl|c associate €^itor

Office Practice in Peirce School, Philadelphia

K. Williams, Instructor in Charge of Banking and Business Department
By J.

invited to give a de- Minutes of the proceedings are kept cent, per diem. The banks accept
I have been
in the usual manner. Complete stock for discount any double-named paper
scription of our method of handling
books are kept, and all transfers of (notes and acceptances) that may be
the work in our offices and banks, and
not desired that stock are recorded in the customary offered. It then credits the indorser
I presume that it is I

devote any space to a description of manner. with the proceeds and carries the
the work done by the student as a The business of the wholesale note till maturity, at which time it is
house, as well as that of each student, presented to the maker for payment,
business man. On account, however,
of the close relationship between the is in dry goods. No set program is notice having been sent to the maker
arranged for the student if he has in the meantime, advising him where
student business community and the ;

offices and banks, it seems necessary goods for sale, he offers them at his and when the instrument is due.
for me to give a general description own price, or if he is in the market Notes are received for collection, the
department. for goods, he buys, using his own bank holding them till maturity (no-
of the work in the entire
judgment, the law of supply and tice having been previously sent),
In Peirce School a mastery of the
required of each demand governing. Each day an when they are either charged up or
theory of accounts is
student before he enters upon his auction is conducted, the wholesale paid by the maker. Drafts are also
duties as a business man in the busi- house and each student being re- received and collected in the same
ness practice department. Fortified quired to enter. By this scheme the manner.
under instructor can regulate the quantity Each student, upon entering the
with this knowledge he enters
favorable circumstances. of goods on the market, thus affect- commission business, is directed to
Upon entering the department the ing, in an unseen manner, the supply locate in some large city (Philadel-
student leases a desk as a place of and demand, and, necessarily, the phia excepted) and choose his busi-
the price. ness address. He then makes and
business, and executes a lease for
same. He is furnished a cash capital The loss that is usual in many receives shipments, on shipper's risk,
embarks schemes of practice, because of and also on the joint account and risk
in school currency, and in office
business for himse'lf, trading with his the artificial method of conducting of shipper and consignee. After dis-
posing of goods consigned to him, he
fellow students. The business may the business, is entirely eliminated.
be classified in a general way as mer- The books of some students and the renders an Account Sales, and ac-
wholesale house of course, show companies it with a Bank Draft drawn
chandising and, in addition to buy-
;
will,
ing and selling, the student is re- losses at times, but this is only a on some bank located in the city of
Each kind the shipper. This necessitates the
quired to keep his own books. He natural consequence. of
thus becomes familiar with every goods is given a fixed par value, and issuing of exchange (bank drafts) by
the wholesale house buys any offer- the banks, for which service they
phase of business.
Fifty transactions constitute a ings, should the market price get too make a nominal charge. It also re-
"set," and when the student has made near par. quires the banks to have foreign cor-
that number of transactions, he is The terms of sale are different for respondents, advising them of the
required to take an inventory, close each day, settlements being made by drawing of drafts and forwarding
his books, and ascertain his gains or notes, drafts (sight and time), checks, items to them for collection.
losses. He is required to complete or currency. Trade discounts and Deposits are received and other
seven sets of books,* after which he cash discounts are also used. These general banking business transacted
enters the wholesale house of the various forms of settlement make the in the usual manner.
"Merchants' Commercial Company" installation of banks an essential The work in the banks and in the
feature. wholesale house is performed abso-
as a clerk.
lutely by the students, the instructor
The Merchants' Commercial Com- THE BANKS
pany is a controlling factor in the de- only supervising.
partment organization and is an in- Three banks are in operation, plan-
corporated concern whose stock is ned as nearly as possible after the
actually held (actual certificates is- provisions of the National Bank Act. equipping the Olholesale Office
sued) by the students and instructors. The business consists of receiving
This corporation, in addition to car- deposits subject to check, discount- W. G. Bishop, Lincoln Business Col-
rying on a general merchandise busi- ing notes and acceptances, collecting lege, Lincoln, Nebraska.
ness, conducts a branch store, an checks, notes and drafts (sight and
In equipping our offices, we have,
express business, and a post-office, time), issuing bank drafts on banks
in several foreign cities, and the
for some years, selected the books
and executes a lease with each stu- and adopted a system in use by the
dent for the rent of his desk or office making of exchanges through a clear- The books
The rent is re- ing house. Each student works in leading local concerns.
in the department.
one of the banks for a period of three and system used in our wholesale
quired to be paid weekly. These house is in accordance with this plan
various lines of business provide an weeks, filling the positions of receiv- — closely following a local wholesale
income that is sufficient to pay stated ing teller, paying teller, discount
exchange clerk, individual grocery house.
salaries to the student clerks, rent, clerk,
ledger bookkeeper, g-eneral ledger The books used are Journal, Spe-
and other operating expenses. Each cial-Column Cash Book, Sales Sheets
month a business meeting of the bookkeeper, and cashier. The books
that he uses, and all advice forms,
(from which posting is done direct).
stockholders is held, at which time Purchase Ledger, Sales Ledger, Gener-
reports of committees are presented, signature cards, and balance sheets,
al Ledger, Invoice Book, and the aux-
business conditions discussed, and are copied after those actually used
The iliaries. Bill Books, Check Books, etc.
the profit or loss of the period dis- in the banking business. profit
resulting from the business is suffi-
The purchases made by this office
posed of. It has been possible, with are made from jobbing houses.
a very few exceptions, to pay monthly cient to pay all running expenses,
which consist of rent, clerks' salaries, Students from other schools, our own
dividends, and these dividends are students, and local retail firms are
paid to the stock holders by check. furniture, books, and stationery.
The rate of discount, as well as the our customers. Buyng of and sell-
rate of interest on all loans in the ing to the same firm seldom occurs.
* Win sfive more details concernitii; these
{Conlimied on page 26.)
sets if so desired. department, is one-half of one per
 f^^^ud/n^M^^fUu^a/ir* ^
IV.
If coffee loses 7% in roasting, how
much green coffee will be required to
produce 1395 lbs. when roasted ?
I. 100"'ii of wt. of green coffee wt. =
X)epartTnent of of green coffee.
II. 7"o of wt. of green coffee=loss
in roasting.
Ctrttf^mettc. III. 93%; of wt. of green coffee = 1395
lbs., wt. of roasted coffee.
E. E. KENT, Commercial Dept., High School, IV. 1% of wt. of green coffee 1/93 =
SPRINGFIELD, MASS. of 1395 lbs., or 15 lbs.
V. 100% of wt. of green coffee 100 =
x 15 lbs., or 1500 lbs., wt. of
^ green coffee.
In the following problem I have
placed three conditions. Since these
In this issue, problems and their as to solve it. This may be accom-
solutions are given to illustrate more plished by calling upon a student to puzzle many students, sufficient time
fully points made in the preceding tellhow to prove his problem after he should be devoted to them to enable
papers. has explained his solution. In many the student to form a clear concep-
Some teachers object to the plan of cases this will not be sufficient. To tion of each expression.
recording the problems in intelligent determine clearly whether the student V.
steps because much time is consumed understands proving his work, he The sum of two numbers is 552.
that could be used to great advantage should be required to explain the (a) The first is 20% of the second.
in solving a greater number and va- proof and to place it on the board. ib) " " " 20% greater than
riety of problems. This would be a The following solutions will illus- second.
serious objection if nothing were trate a variety of equations that may ir) The first is 20% less than
gained by recording the steps similar be used in recording solutions. The second. Find each number
to the solutions given. But since the third step in the first solution is se- («)
main object is to teach the student to cured by combining the first and = 2nd No.
I. 100",, of the 2nd No.
think, this method is far superior to second steps. This can be made II. 20",, '
=lst No.
others because it compels him to ex- very clear by placing two identical 111.120%" '=sum or 552.
ercise a greater amount of thought equations on the board and combin-
and reasoning power. Again, this ing them. (6)
method is superior to others because 1 I. 100"o of the 2nd No. = 2nd No.
you have the proof of the student's What amount of money increased II. l?0"n " " " " = 1st No.
thought in the recorded steps. Defi- by 25 of itself equal $9125 ?
",:,
III. 220"o = sum or552.
"
nite and intelligent steps mean defi- 100%' of the amount of money ic)
nite thought. \'ague and absurd
I.
the amount of money. I. 100% of the 2nd No. = 2nd No.
steps mean vague thought. Vou have 25% of the amount of money = II. 80% = 1st No.
'

2nd No. = sum or

II.
no definite conception of the student's the increase. III. 180% of the
thought until it is recorded in steps, III. 125% of the amount of money = 552.
the second
and the manner in which this is done $9125, amount after increase.
In (a) the first is 20% of ;

IV. 1% of the amount of money =

marks the character of the thinking. i. e., 1/5 of the second. In (b) the
In many of the solutions placed on 1/125 of $9125, or $73. first is 20% greater than the second ;

the board by students, you will find V. 100% of the amount of money = i.e., 1/5 greater, or 6/5 of the second.
vague and absurd equations. The 100 X $73, or $7300, the amount In ic) the first is 20% less than the
following solutions illustrate this of money. second; i. e., 1/5 less, or 4/5 of the
point. The third step in the following second. The sixth, seventh, and
I. 5 '!o of the co.nmission =$30 com- solution is found by subtracting the eighth solutions illustrate more fully
mission. second equation from the first. This the three conditions of number five.
II. 1% of the commission = ! of $30 ought to be explained by a simple VI.
or $6. illustration. A. has $900, which is 20% more than
III. 100% of the commission = 100 X II B's money. Find B's money.
$6 = $600, cost. What number diminished by 25 % of I. 100"n of B's monev B's money. =
Uponinspection you will see that itself equals 225? II. 120%" " " ' $900, A''s =
all of the steps are absurd. In the I. 100",, = the number.
of the number money.
"
first step, part of the commission II. of the number = thedecrease.
25",, III. 1% " " = l/120of$900
equals all of the commission, and in III. 75% of the number = 225, the or $7.50.
the last step the commission equals number after decrease. IV. 100",, "
" " = 100 X $7.50
the cost; i. e, $30 equals $600. The IV. 1% of the number = 1/75 of 225 or $750, B's monev.
student who recorded the absurd or 3. VII
steps may be able to manipulate the V. 100% of the number = 100 x 3 or Bought a horse and buggy for $240.
number symbols independent of mag- 300, the number. The buggy cost 40",, less than the
nitude, and secure the $600, but he In the third solution the first step horse. Find cost of each.
has not mastered the problem. may occupy two lines. Don't permit =
I. 100"u' of cost of horse cost of
Therefore, the analytical solution is the student to omit the expression horse
the real test to determine whether following the per cent, signs simply II. GO"ii = cost of
of cost of horse
the student understands clearly the because he can not place the step on buggy.
relation of the per cents and magni- one line. Some of the steps in this III. 160% of cost of horse = cost of
tudes. solution should be explained by the both, or $240.
Some students acquire a bad habit student. IV. 1"„ of cost of horse = l/160of
of performing some of the operations jjj
$240, or $1.50.
before they have read the entire prob- A owns 10; of a ship; B, 15%; C,
V. 100",; of cost of horse = 100x$1.50,
lem. They should be taught to read 20%, and D the remainder. Find A's or $150, cost of horse.
D's is worth $11000.
VI. 60",, of cost of horse = 60 x $1.50,
the entire problem first, then separate share, if
the things given from the things I. 10% of ship 15% of ship+ 20%; + or $90, cost of buggy.
required. By doing this they form a of ship = 45"n of ship.
clear conception of the conditions II. im% of ship - 45% of ship = 55% VIII
given and of the questions to be of ship, D's share. The sum of three numbers is 3600.
answered. III. 55% of ship, D's share =$11000, The third is 50",; greater than the
Very few students prove problems. D's share. second and the first is 20",, less than
Many do not realize that they can be IV. 1% of ship = 1/55 of $11000or $200, the sum of the second and third.
proved. The student should be V. 10% of ship=10 x $200, or|2000, Find each number.
taught to prove his problem as well A's share. [Conct/tttcd on page 25).
 ^^^3Bud/^i^d^yi^/iu^i/i^ ^
judge them only by instinct. One
word has many meanings, and often
in some particular connection has a
meaning it has nowhere else in the
DEPARTMENT OF language. We must at once get away
from the idea so common of trying to
make grammar explain these idiom-
Business dorrcsponbencc. atic values of words.
As a science of logic — the logical
SHEKWIX CODY. CHICAGO arrangement of words in a sentence
— grammar is as unvarying as alge-
bra, and there are absolutely no ex-
ceptions to its rules. Rules to which
there are exceptions are no rules at
all. They are mere tendencies of the
language.
a man
Taking grammar, then, as the sci-
I)OW to Ceacb Grammar in Com- rors of English at once set
ence of the logical arrangement of
down as low-class. High salaries
mercial and iiiab Schools. and good positions are given only to words in a sentence, it is capable of
stenographers and business letter
being reduced to a very simple basis.
It is an unfortunate thing, but too writers who are correct. (If every There are four prihiary relation-
come up to the busi- teacher of shorthand or letter writing ships or offices which a word may
true, that pupils
have in a sentence. It may be a noun
ness colleges and high schools with would drill this idea into the minds
or subject word, a verb or asserting
a well-developed hatred of grammar. of his students, stenographers as a
This is undoubtedly due to prernature class would be very different from word, a descriptive or modifying
and bad teaching of grammar in the what they are to-day.) High salaries word, or a connective word. The first
class may be divided into names and
elementary schools. When only a therefore require fcnowledge of cor-
words which stand for names (pro-
hatred of a. subject is instilled in the rect English.
But there is another reason. Poor nouns); the third, into adjectives and
course of two to four years, there
English, imperfect grammar, means adverbs the fourth, into prepositions
must be something the matter some- ;

and conjunctions. To these may be

where. But as this state of things in reality confused and careless
has existed for many years, it prob- thinking. Grammar is the science of added those words which are practic-
ally sentences in themselves,— inter-
ably will continue to exist for many the logical relationships of words in
a sentence. If you can express your- jections. For practical purposes, I
years more.
prefer to start with seven parts of
If pupils came to the higher schools self in perfectly clear, exact language,
you are grammatical whether you speech, grouping nouns and pronouns
with absolutely no knowledge of or
know it or not. But if there are together.
experience with this subject of gram-
mar, something might then be done errors of grammar in what you write, There is no better drill in logic than
with them but usually the attempt there is a little confusion of thought. picking out these different kinds of
words. There is a practical trouble,
;

to teach an)- formal grammar in a People may guess what you mean
however. Students will soon begin
;

short three- or six -months course but the confusion is like a little smoke
or fog on an otherwise clear day. In to call " but " a conjunction, " in " a
in practical English is not worth
preposition, etc. Concentrate atten-
making. It means just so much time one letter or two or twenty it makes
but in a hundred or tion on those scattered cases in which
completely and utterly lost. It is far little difference ;

better to devote this time, only too a thousand or ten thousand, it intro- words are parts of speech that are
short, to practical business compo- duces a thousand or ten thousand unusual, always forcing the student
little clouds between )'Our mind and
to think of the logical relationship,
sition, such as copying and answer-
ing well-written letters, and making the mind of the customer, and those not of the mechanical naming of
oneself understood on paper. ten thousand little clouds make a big words. I take a paragraph, and,
With advanced classes in business thick cloud, black as night, which writing the words in columns, make
colleges, and students taking a four- shuts dollars away from your firm. students Rnd so many nouns, so many
year high school course, the study Poor grammar costs every big house verbs, so many adjectives, etc. There
will be a few doubtful words, and on
of formal grammar becomes more thousands of dollars every year, even
practicable, and my remarks will in the letters that go to people who
these will depend an accurate count.
It is foolish to waste time parsing
presuppose the possibility that gram- do not know you are making a mis-
mar can be taught to sorrie extent. take. The letter writer who shuts every word in a sentence, for it is
The ordinary books on grammar dollars away from his firm will soon only about one word in ten that offers
are utterly worthless for the purpose, be discharged if the firm knows it. anv difficultv.
for the reason that the machinery Talking to the class along these This drill on the parts of speech I
they set forth is far too complicated. lines will soon introduce a practical believe to be the most essential thing
in grammar. It is like the scales in
A system of grammar should be a aspect to them which will attract
music. It is the drill that gives the
little machine or tool like a square or them, and if you can devise a system
foot rule, which we can apply in- that will be simple and interesting, fundamental ability. A conservatory
stantly to any sentence to see whether you will soon have them liking the inGeneva is said to devote two years
This tool must subject instead of hating it. to finger exercises ; then a student
it is correct or not.
can play the most difficult music al-
be very compact and very handy if it The thing really to be accomplished
is to be used every Any in a business in teachi)ig grammar is indeed very
most at sight. The
habit of tracing
office. hard. It is nothing less than making the logical value of a word in a sen-
But the great trouble in our teach- students think logically. There are tence is at the bottom of all success
in grammar, and ought to be contin-
ing of grammar is that the subject two things at stake in correct English.
does not appear to have any practical The first is k;;owledge of the mean- ued till the habit of thought is formed.
application. That is why pupils hate ings and values of words. Those This requires time and effort, and
it. If they could see the use in it, it brought up in refined homes, get this some will never acquire it.
would soon interest them. So the by instinct from childhood but those
;
Besides the parts of speech there
first duty of the teacher is to get brought up in the ho:nes of the uned- are only about six other things of im-
himself into a frame of mind in which ucated find it almost impossible ever portance in grammar but they are ;

correct English appears to him to be to get this fine sense of discrimina- fundamental and important, and need
worth dollars and cents. tion. The only way they can get it the same patient drill till a habit of
Here, briefly, is the practical argu- is by reading standard literature mind is formed. These six things are
ment for it. thoughtfully and reflectively.
— case, and the values of pronouns in
There are two kinds of business, their different forms person and
The second thing at stake in correct ;

tense of verbs
high class and low class. If you English is the logical arrangement of number of verbs ; ;

combined office of verb and adjective,

want to be highclass, you must write words in sentences. This is what I
letters that high-class, well-educated call grammar. The values of words or verbal noun, in the participle; mode
people will consider just right. Er- are infinite and changing, and we can (
Coiitimted on page IS)
 f^^^ud/n^dy^f/iu^aiir* ^
artist who painted his masterpiece
the firsttime that he took up a paint
brush? Or of a business man who
made his millions while he was an
office boy Now, know that
X)cpartmcnt of ? I
continue in this strain you will call
if I

me "too absurd to listen to" and

tell me that one cannot run before
Cypeipriting Ho, 4^ one can walk; one cannot play a con-
certo without years of earnest and
Miss Stella M. Smith, Simmons College, Boston. thorough study; one cannot paint a
l-opyiight ISdH. by Stella M Srailli n.ii-ton. Mn^s. picture without knowing how to mix
and combine colors and to draw one ;

cannot be a successful business man

without much experience in the busi-
ness world and a keen knowledge of
Cbe Speed Problem. them and derive much benefit from human nature; and that, in fact, no
them but, whether a four-legged
;
one would think of attempting any of
donkey or a two-legged human, what these things without the necessary
Up in New York
State there is a would'be the effect on either of being preparation. The things I have
town through which the Hudson Riv- unexpectedly hurried from the bright spoken of are the ends, not the be-
er and the Erie Canal run their sunshine and balmy air of a spring ginnings.
courses in parallel lines. An early day and suddenly plunged, up to the Very well, why, then, in the name
spring had sent the ice and snow neck, into icy water? The first effect of all that is reasonable, is not this
would be paralysis from the shock, logic applied to the study and teach-
down the hillsides in great streams, ing of typewriting ?
until the canal and river had over-
the next would be the frantic rush to
get out of it, not only regardless of The best way to acquire speed is to
flowed and flooded the little business wipe out the word " Speed " from the
the consequences, but unable to con-
street which lay between them. This trol them. school vocabulary.
was ordinarily the busiest part of the Thus with the typewriting student. However, let us say, after six
town, but now the store-keepers and We bring him smoothly over the fin- months of a ten-hours-a-week type-
their families were driven to the up- ger exercises, start him with great writing Gourse, it is perfectly safe,
per floors, and from the windows care to write a letter, and at once decidedly interesting, and perhaps
there begins a buzzing about his and advisable, to urge the student for
women leaned, haggling with enter- speed. My method is to select a doz-
prising grocers, butchers, coal and our ears, which increases rapidly,
woodmen, who had come from over until,on all sides from his family,— en letters, beginning with about fifty
from his friends, from the shorthand words and running up to three hun-
the river in row boats laden with pro- instructors, even from the proprietor dred. The student devotes a half-
visions which they offered to sell at of the school, we hear a deafening hour each day to the writing and
exorbitant prices. Higher than the clamor for SPEED and, like the !
rewriting of oiie letter for three days.
calling of the hucksters, the tooting four-legged donkey, we and the stud- (He knows that he is being timed.)
of horns and the ringing of bells, ent rush. Then the second letter is taken up
rang the laughter of the merry chil- Have you observed babies ? I think and practised in the same way. This
I can be reasonably sure that every is continued for three weeks the let-
dren being carried in boat-loads up
;

one of you has seen at least one baby ters have been gradually increasing
and down the street. Suddenly, the — some of you may have seen dozens in length, and now the time is ex-
noise and bustle, the trading and the — but one baby, less than a year old, tended to an hour, followed by ten
merry-making, were stopped by great is sufficient for the present' illustra- minutes of practice in taking dicta-
shouts at the foot of the city bridge ; tion. Out of our acquaintance let us tion directly on the typewriter.
every face was turned in that direc- select the baby just beginning to Three weeks may be advantageously
tion all bargaining ceased, and the
;
smile. He is a jolly little fellow, devoted to this part of the practice.
boats hurriedly made their way to strong and sturdy he has never had ;
By this time the student's speed will
a day's illness since he was born he have been greatly increased.
that point. An adventurous little has all the wit of his father, all the
;

In my opinion, unless the work can

actress had come dashing across the beauty of his mother, and the good be graded and given systematically
bridge in her donkey cart. When in sense of his grandfather. Let us and regularlv, it is better not to give
the middle of the street and the deep- call in all our friends, stand this it at all.
est water, the donkey stopped. His eight months' old baby in their midst The above plan I have found very
pretty owner coaxed him; she leaned and command him to run across the satisfactory, when it has been neces-
out of the cart and petted him some ;
room. Could anything be so ridicu- sary to urge students, but it is my
men rowed up and tried to pull him lous ? The child' is hardly out of his experience that if we can give a stud-
swaddling clothes. ent a method of writing which will
by the bridle, but the more they work during
Thus with the typewriting student. result in accurate- his
pulled in one direction, the more firm- Just as he begins to have a little con- school course, the speed will take
ly he held toward the opposite. A fidence in himself and dares to write, care of itself.
whole hour passed, but, in spite of though with a trembling fear of strik-
all the suggestions of the onlookers ing the wrong letters, he is harrowed
and all the manoeuvers of his mistress, bv his typewriting teacher for nritbmetic- Continued from Page Z3.
the donkey was immovable. At last, S'PEED !

the actress was lifted into a boat, the Martha is twelve years old.
Little I. 100"„ of the 2nd number = 2nd
cart unhitched, and while they at- She began taking piano lessons last number.
tempted to draw it toward the bridge, Christmas it is now March, and her
; II. 150',, of the 2nd number = 3rd
the donkey suddenly kicked up his father insists that she play a concerto number.
heels, started off on a run, splashed at the church entertainment next III. 20U",; of the 2nd number =lst
the water in every direction, upset week. he sane?
Is Perhaps he — number.
ail the boats in his way, and rushed certainly never played the piano. I\'. 450",; of the 2nd number = .sum
over the canal bridge, over the hills Thus with the typewriting student. or 3G00.
beyond, and out of sight. He is just beginning to typewrite V. \% of the 2nd number 1/450 of =
As we read this we may be amused confidently, accurately, with ease and 3600, or 8.
and set it down as a simple little tale delight, when he is hounded by the VI. 100",', ofthe 2nd number 100 x8, =
of the perversity of donkey nature ; shorthand instructors to transcribe, or 800, 2nd number.
but there is much that is akin in don- not only three or four letters neatly VII. 150",; of the 2nd number 150 =
key and human nature. We may be- and accuratelv, but a dozen and to ; X S, or 1200, 3rd number.
come used to cold baths, and, being take a test in 'SPEED ! VIII. 200"!^ of the 2nd number 200 =
prepared for them, thoroughly enjoy Do you remember of hearing of any X 8, or 1600, 1st number.
 ^^^fS^ud/n^^i^i/iu^iXl^^ ^
Editorial— Continued from Page IS acts which he performs while in that and invoice in an envelope addressed
condition, upon the principle that to the customer and drops it, un-
by walking; unless you are visiting- where a loss must be borne by one of sealed, into the mail box. Usually
one of the cities that has the touring two innocent parties it shall be borne all papers for the day are prepared
street cars. In such an event, you
will certainlv use those, if you cannot
by him who occasioned it, and that and presented at one time for ap-
nothing but clear evidence of knowl- proval.
get automobiles, for they do not pick Since the purchases are usually in
edge or notice, fraud or bad faith,
up passengers on the way, and they can impeach the prima facie title of large quantities, this does not fur-
have a conductor who explains every- nish enough work to keep the student
the holder of negotiable paper taken
thing of interest. Automobiles are busy, other duties are therefore as-
before maturity.
preferable, however, for they are
— In Unger v. Boas, 1 Harris 601, signed him. In addition to looking
open be sure to stipulate that kind, after purchase details, he makes
for some are like omnibuses — and where the action was upon a note
given for a gambling debt, it was collections. Careful attention is given
they are made large enough to hold
held that the contract was in defiance to discounts.
from twenty forty persons, with
to
seats gradually elevated toward the
of a prohibitory statute, and that An instructor watches the work
such a case was excepted from the carefully and the manager of the
rear, like those of a theater, so that department checks up the work daily.
operation of the law relating to nego-
everyone can see and hear almost Students are not advanced unless
tiable securities; i. e., the nature of
equally well. their work is correct and up to date.
the consideration was a good defense
When you get back with against a bona fide holder.
Kesults your class, you will find
In State Bank v. McCoy, 19 P. F.
that you have bound your SK Citnely Protest.
204, where fraud on the part of the
class to you by bonds of loyalty and
payee of a note was set up by the
esteem stronger than any you have maker, in a suit by the indorsee, Dear Mr. Gavlord
ever known among whole classes.
:

You will find yourself planted in the and was alleged, that when he I have just been shown some inter-
signed the note, the defendant was communication business practice
confidence of parents and in the
so intoxicated as to be unconscious work, to which 1 desire to call your
esteem of the business men of your of the act, it wa.s held that even " if
community. Your school officials, if attention. One document is a bill,
the evidence had made out a case of
j-ou are in a public school, will be the other a check.
gross carelessness on the part of the
grateful to you, for, in order to get The bill is made out to " Commer-
appropriations from the representa-
bank, that alone would not have been
sufficient to defeat title to the note." cial K. Co., in account with Inter.
tives of the pei'ple for school pur- Trans. Co.'
There must have been proof that the
poses, judicious advertising (though Commercial Rag Company, Rail-
it is not often called that, of coursei
bank took it in bad faith or with no-
tice of the fraud. road Company, Refrigerator Com-
must be done; and whatever popu- pany, or Rubber Company?
larizes the schools in the community And what on earth is "Inter. Trans.
aids this necessary element in the Business Practice eontinued from Co.?" Is it Interbrain Transship-
proper conduct of school work. Page 22 ment Company, Intercollegiate Trans-
There will be an atmosphere of We have found it convenient to portation Company, International
earnestness in your classwork, a new make three divisions in our work Transatlantic Company, or Intercolo-
air of determination on the part of deparments of bookkeeping, sales, nial Transfer Company ?
formerly listless pupils in brief, you
;
and purchases. This prevents con- The checkis made payable to " In-
will feel that some of the magic that fusion, makes each student assume ter. Trans. Co.," and is signed by
spurs men to success in business life responsibilities, and enables us to " B. C. R. Co." Probably the signer
has come to help you in your minia- check the work of each daily. A stu- of this check is a Restaurant Com-
ture business world. Try it, and then dent is admitted to the bookkeeping pany that existed B. C.
let us hear from you. department first. Here he has charge I wish you would call attention to
of all the bookkeeping, except the this nonsensical idea of abbreviation.
original entries made by the purchase If studertts in commercial colleges
eommercial Eaw— eontinued from
and sales clerks. He looks after the are allowed to follow such a practice
Page 21-
daily deposit in the bank, makes as here indicated, they may be ex-
it washeld, that unless it has been so remittances, accepts drafts, pays pected to bring ridicule on commer-
expressly declared by the legislature, bills presented by local firms, renders cial college work when they accept
illegality of consideration will be no statements and acknowledges receipt business positions.
defense in an action at the suit of a of remittances. At the close of the the name of a concern is Com-
If
bona fide holder without notice of the session, and as soon as the sales and mercial Railroad Company, it should
illegality, unless he obtained the bill purchase clerks have turned in their be written as such, and if its name is
or note after it became due. It is by Ijooks of original entry, he posts and International Transportation Com-
force of the peremptory words of the takes a trial balance. We require a pany, there is no reason why this
statute declaring such paper void, daily trial balance — just the debits nam'e should not be so written. The
that it is held to be void in the hands and credits without names-- so that signature of the check referred to
of an innocent indorsee without it is not burdensome, if care has been may stand either for Baltimore Cen-
notice. taken. tral Railroad Company, Business
In McSparran v. Neeley, 91 Pa. St. The sales clerk takes up the orders, College Railroad Company, or a dozen
17, where the maker of a note had selects the merchandise, makes out other things therefore siich a signa-
;

poor ej'esight, was purposely made the bill, records same on sales sheet ture ridiculous.
is
drunk and then induced to sign an ready for posting, makes out ship- I am
informed that a good deal of
instrument for a much larger sum per's receipt, writes a letter, has each the work sent out from the business
than the amount he owed, which sub- of these papers approved, and, if practice departments of commercial
sequently and before maturity came found to be correct, takes a copy of colleges is similar to that to which I
into the hands of a bona fide pur- letters and invoices. Carbons are am referring, and I trust that your
chaser for value without notice of the not used since this method of copy- calling attention to the matter will re-
circumstances of its execution, it ing is taught in another office. He sult in the business colleges "cutting
was held that if a man voluntarily then takes the merchandise to the out" this abbreviated nonsense.
deprives himself of the use of his railroad office, secures a bill of lad- Yours very truly,
reason by strong drink that he is re- ing, and, when he returns to the R. J. Maclean.
sponsible to an innocent party for the office, inserts letter, bill of lading, Goldey College, Wilmington, Del.

^c IDise ; Hcab tt)e B. €. Be Strenuous ; (£Iub tl)e 3. (E.

 ^S^^ud/n^d^i^if/^u^Of/- ^
knew then Harvey G. Eastman as a card
writer seeking and doing business in
Niagara hotels, and later at the head of
Eastman't College, Poughkeepsie. In Chi-
cago for many years the most brilliant card
d history of penmen, €arly writer of the many in the city was B. M.
Worthington, and as ladies prized Worth-
Business (Ebucatton, anb ington's cards gentlemen were anxious to
get them at any price. For over tw'enty
(Ebucators in Clmerica. years the Prince of'Card Writers was Mr.
Louis Madarasz of New York, and so profit-
able was his business that only till late
BY A. H. HIXMAN, WORCESTER, MASS.
years has he taken up the work of teaching.
He employed High School and Business
College students throughout the country to
send him orders on commission till the
Between the years 1860 and 1S90, nearly every time engraved and artistic printed cards
£ard Ulritina and Flourisbina. came into general use.
expert penman possessed more or less skill
In the years between isiw and 1S90 many in otf-hand flourishing, and those who prac- During the age and flour-
of flourishing
ishers between IHliO and 1890, ornamental
studied the art of penmanship preparatory ticed flourishing believed it was a won-
to pursuing the work of writing visiting derful aid in developing great freedom and penmanship was advertised as one of the
cards, and social and wedding invitations. a wide command of skill in every branch features of the penmanship departments of
Ornamental or fancy printing had not then and direction of pen art. business colleges and much competition
reached the excellence of to-day and hand- existed between these colleges in drawing
written cards and invitations were consid-
FIFTEEN TO THIRTY DOLLARS A DAY. patronage through their most artistic flour-
ered the right thing, being more artistic, Probably no penman previous to 1890 failed ishing and writing sent to prospective
more expensive, and therefore more respect- to have and supply a liberal patrotiage in pupils.
able than anything printers could produce. the line of plain and fancy cardwriting and FREE SPECIMENS.
Even lithography had not reached a devel- ornamental penmanship, and at a good
opment when it could compete with the Young men in all parts of the country
profit. In the largest hotels of the
all of
took advantage of the desire of colleges to
artistic penman. Photo lithographing cities of the country could be found the
send specimens frie and therefore they
came into competition with penmen about card writer at his table making from three
secured the addresses of business schools
1878 yet it enabled expert penmen to secure to fifteen dollars per day as business was
throughout thecountry and wrote for speci-
the reproduction of many fanciful card de- slack or rushing. At all the leading sea
mens to compare with others, yet largely to
signs of scrolls, birds, etc., that were widely coast and inland watering places for many
flu their scrap books.
used by card writers. A little later came years card writers did profitable business.
photo-engraving which produced, though Each college then must have an expert
Until about 1890 Midwinter holiday calling
less clean and clear, pen reproductions,
penman, or rank inferior to others. At
was fashionable in all parts of the country,
county and state fairs great competition
caused engrave<l penwork to be more com- and Christmas and New Year cards were in
existed between colleges through the dis-
mon. Thus real penwork gradually became great demand by men of all ages who would
less profitable. Card engraving upon steel
play of framed specimens of penmanship.
callupon ladies where homes were by cus-
and copper until the past 15 years was very For many years John D. Williams, the
tom thrown open and refreshments served.
expensive and skillful engravers were fen. Prince of Flourishers, was employed to
Gentlemen were ambitious to make as
many calls as possible, and ladies were make large display specimens to be used by
A WONDERFUL AID. the forty-seven Bryant & Stratton Colleges
equally ambitious to possess well filled
Many of the copy books published between in competing with other schools. Framed
ISfiO and '80 were etigraved on steel or copper
card baskets. For three weeks before and
specimens of penwork were displayed in
during holidays, card writers would get
and then transferred to the lithographer's store windows and post offices in cities and
from $1.50 to $2.50 per pack of fifty cards. In
stone for more rapid and inexpensive print- country towns. Facilities then for students
ing. However, before the mechanical re- New York City and Brooklyn from twenty to become superior penmen were great and
to twenty-five penmen located at various
production of ornamental line work, the the art was regarded one of the greatest
penman could live well upon his card-writ- hotels would each earn from $15 to $:iO per
means of advertising a business school.
day, and their business was limited ohly by
ing skill. In those years whole arm and
their'ability to turn off skillful work. Many
Young men returning from business schools
finger movement in writing was taught and with superior penmanship attracted great
penman who of the prominent business college proprie-
the could not produce birds, attention which resulted in great patronage
tors of the past have been penmen who
scrolls,and designs with spirited shades to the schools employing the finest penmen.
never despised the profits they received
and delicate hair lines, had only partly In fact there was for many years a general
from card and invitation writing.
learned his art. Off hand flourishing was belief among business college men that a
then regarded as a large part of a penman's EASTMAN, WORTHINGTON, ?IAD.\RASZ. superior penmanship department afforded
accomplishment and his great command of Mr. Geo. H. Shattuck of Medina, N. Y., a the strongest means of creating a desire in
graceful lines, spirited shades, and multi- famous copy book man with the P. D. & S. outside young men to attend business
tude of original designs enabled him to and Spencerian interests, was for many schools which produced the most skillful
dispose of artistic cards at a good profit. years a card writer al Niagara Falls. He penmen.

(Examine tl^is number of tl^e B. €. (Examine any number. Pi^ ijou eDer see

a poor one? Cliat's ml)ere tl]e B. (£. leabs. 3t neoer t»rops. 3t maintains (xm

eoen, steaby, sliglitly increasing pace year in an& year out. IPl]y not ^o the same?
(5Ia& to reccice your surplus subs, any time.
 ^^^^udm^d^/^^/iu^iiifr* ^
S. H, FRITCH. W. C. MCCARTER. C. A. Bliss.

New Conimorc^lal School Organized in Indianapolis.

Business Eilucat bei
;iiveii a l)i)(ist in Indianapolis, Itifliana, by the incorporation of the Central Jinsincss College, capital
i
iC

$20,0IX).(W, wliicli was orzed and is backed by the brains, backbones, and pocket books of three l»ig, successful business school men as
follows: C. A. Bliss, Columbus, Ohio, E. H. Kritch, St. Louis, Mo., and W. C. McCarter, Uuluth, Minn. Tliey have selected a veritable
human dynamo of enthusiasm and energy as Manager of the big school in the person of A. K. Whitmore, formerly of Scranton, Pa. A
better m^n could not have been found for the position, and a better opportunity for such ability to exert itself could not well have been
found or created.
The new institution Is housed in the New Century Building, in the central portion of the city, with an equipment which makes the
average school appear cheap. By the time this appears in print the school will doubtless be in full operation. If you hear a buzzing,
hustling, clicking sound in the meantime, you'll know the work is on in Indianapolis. Here's to the success of the new enterprise.

Business Correspondence Continued little good ; but keeping students in The outlook was one to dismay the most
from Page 24. the atmosphere of correctness will seasoned and experienced business man,
make them but the many friends of Geo. P. Lord will
correct in spite of them- not be surprised to know that he was equal
of verbs and values of subordinate selves.
sentences ; idioms, or irregularities to the occasion. A man whose I:)usiness
in the meaning values of words, not abilities are of the keenest, he was able at
Cbe Salem eommercial School. this crisis to show in an extraordinary
in their logical relationship in a sen-
degree his executive ability, and before the
tence. In study of the parts of speech The night of January ;fl will long be re- fire engines had left the ruins, negotiations
the difference between the adjective membered by the management, faculty and were under way for new quarters. There
and the adverb, and the preposition students of the Salem Commercial School. was only one building in the city that would
and the conjunction, will have been A school second to none in New England in accommodate a school of this size and a
hammered at till quite clear. Words equipment, 300 or more intelligent, loyal heavy cash inducement was necessary to
students, a faculty welded together and persuade the tenants to vacate the premises.
that are partly one part of speech and working for the best interests of the school
partly another, such as participles, These details were soon settled and an ex-
was the condition of atTairs at the close of hibition of Mr. Lord's motto, the three H's
conjunctive pronouns, relative ad- school on Tuesday afternoon, Jauuaty 31. (Hustle: Hustle: Hustle:) was then in
verbs, etc., should be carefully stud- The next morning a ruined, blackened, ice- order. The faculty and employees of the
ied and the two offices clearly distin- bound building represented the commodi- school were all willing and anxious to do
guished. ous quartersof the night before. In one of their part, and there was work for all.
After the tool is mastered as a tool,
the most destructive and costly fires that It has never been my good fortune to see
has visited Salem in many a j'ear, the the people of a city stand by a school as the
after the system is formed in the stu- school had suffered a total loss, nothing be- people of Salem did by the Salem Commer-
dent's mind, then he wants to use it. ing saved e.xcept the contents of the safe. cial. It was a case of take anything you
It is to help him make his sentences want, wherever we went. The students
more clear. It can be ajsplied only to A. R. WHITflORE. were also anxious to do what they could to
a case of doubt, therefore, and the help us and their help was very much ap-
parsing of every word in a sentence preciated. By means of the telephone,
telegraph, and personal representatives,
is an absurdity. The teacher ought orders were placed for books, desks, tables,
to have a large number of cases of typewriters, and everythiiig that was
doubt carefully arranged for class needed to form a new and complete equip-
ment.
use. Besides, almost every compo- Within 48 hours after the tire, our new
sition or letter will furnish them. quarters presented a view that would
delight the advocates of a strenuous life.
Let the student see at ever>; turn that Carpenters, painters, decorators, electri-
his language is better practically, will cians, workmen unpacking and setting up
do more business, for being cor- furniture, etc., made it an unhealthy place
for the microbe of laziness. The Typewriter
rected according to the standards of Companies responded to the urgent ca'l for
grammar. , relief and the Remington Co. sent us 50
Grammar is a difficult subject. machines. The Underwood Co. 10 and the
Dull scholars simply cannot master Smith Co. six, within three days. On Feb-
ruary 6, we resumed our regular sessions
it, and they ought to be kept drilling and after one day were running along as
on composition — cultivating their though nothing had happened.
It has been a severe blow to Mr. Lord from
instincts for correct usage. Every a tinancial view, but the patrons of the
man and woman has more or less school will ultimately be benefitted by the
instinct for words, even if he hasn't disaster. At the present writing, plans are
an analytic faculty, and those who under way for the rebuilding of the old
location and the Salem Commercial School
lack the analytic faculty should be will have the most magnificent quarters,
taught to imitate the best usage in- equipment and appointments of any school
in the Ignited States.
stinctively. The bald statement that Hats olT to the premier Business Man r(
this is right and that is wrong does the School .Men, Geo. P. Lord. L. E. S rACV.
 f^^fSBui^ned^ii'^/iu^tii^ ^
Proaram Eastern eommercial SATURDAY, April 22, 9:30 TO 11 A. ?I.

1. Phrase Building — W. S. Rogers, of

Ccacbcrs' Jlssociation. Shoemaker & Clark School, Fall River, E. S. Chapman and T. L. Power have pur-
Mass. chased (he McKee School, of Buffalo, and
Annual Meeting, April 20-22, 19(0, at New Mr. Chapman acting as the local princi-
York University School of Coninierce, 2. The (Shorthand) Pilgrim's Progress is
— Chas. Currier Beale, Reporter, Shorthatul pal. Mr. Chapman has been with the
Accounts and Finance, IK Waverly Place, Horton Business Institute, Trenton, N. J.,
Near Washington Square, New York City. Author and Bibliographer, Boston. initil recently.
3. The Kindof a Business School a
eeneral meetings. Business Man can Etl dorse- H. L. Andrews, A recent number of the Manchester (N. H.)
Thursday,Aprii, joth, hi to 12 A. m. Pittsburg, President National shorthand L'nion contnined a very ilattering descrip-
Teachers' Association. tion of a demonstration in touch tvpewrit-
1. Registration of Members. ing given before the shorthand pupils of
2. Address of Welcome— Henrj- W. Nc- 4. The Dictation Problem — W. P. Stein the Ileal high school by Miss Bernice
liauser, of Schuylkill Seminary, Reading,
Cracken, of New York University. Brown, of Boston. While it seems almost
3. President's Address— Wm. Hope.
Penn. incredible, the report states that she wrote
Announcements and Appointments of
Business Section. ninety words a minute froni her shorthand
4.
Friday, April 21, 1:30 to 4:30 p. ?i. notes, dictated by the teacher, Mr. Allen E.
Committees. Herrick. Whatever the exact r^te may
Intermission for Lunch, 12 to 1:3<). 1. Penmanship — Ten Minute Talks on have been. Miss Brown is certainly a credft
THURSDAY, 1:30 TO 4:30 P. M. Special Phases by: to the effectiveness of the instruction she
Chas. E. Doner, Supervisor of Pen- received from Mr. W. W, Petrie, at the Bev-
1. Shorthand Reminiscences — Rev. Wm. (a.)
manship in Beverly (Mass.) Public Schools. erly (Mass.) High School, from the commer-
D. Bridge, New York City. cial course of which she graduated two
2. Institute Lessons in Bookkeeping — (b.) C. G. Price, Teacher of Penmanship years ago last June.
in Saddler's Bryant & Stratton Business
W. H. Beacom, Wilmington, Del.
Discussion. School, Baltimore. Mr. M. H. Ross, Penman in the L. D. S.
C A. Stewart, Commercial High University, Salt Lake City, Utah, recently
3. Experiences of Young Men I Have (c.)
favored us with a club mighty near the
Known in Business— Rev. Thomas McMil- School, Brooklyn.
(d.) A. D. Skeels, Temple College, Phila-
century mark, with the remark that the
lan, New York City, President Catholic "end is not yet." This indicates that Mr.
Summer School. delphia. Ross is a hustler and a mighty skillful pen-
4. The Reign of Law — Geo. S. Murray, of (e.) A. J. Gleason, Jersey City, President man as well. Few write a more practical
Brooklyn Business Institute. Drake Business Schools. hand than he. His writing resembles that
(f.) W. J. Kinsley, Handwriting Expert, of Mr. R. G. Laird, which for practicability is
Fkiiiay, April 21, 9::«i to 12 A. m. New York City. second to no other. We hope to be able to
Commercial Law give our readers the benefit of his skill in
1. : 2. A Course of Lessons in Show-Card the form of a series of lessons in business
(a.) Negotiable Paper — Cleveland F. Writing -F. S. McGuigan, Principal of writing. Ross is a rustler, and we sincerely
Bacon, Lecturer on Commercial Law in the Business High School, Pittston, Pa. trust " the end is not yet." So let us have
New York University School of Commerce, 3. Accounting: the lessons as well as the subscriptions.
Accounts and Finance. (a.) From the Professional Standpoint —
(b.) Suggestions to Teachers for Securing F. G. Wake, Member of London Board of Mr. Chas. N. Crandle, who for some years
Interest in the Subject — S. C. Williams, Chartered Accountants; Chief Accountant has been in charge of the penmanship and
bookkeeping work in the Athenaeum Busi-
Teacher of Commercial Law in the Roches- Audit Company of New York. ness College, Chicago, on February first
ter Business Institute. (b.) From the Teacher's Standpoint— R. resigned his position to accept of tlie oi^ice
2. Rapid Calculation — Joseph Leaming, L. Long, Packard Commercial School. of Assistant to theGeneral Manager of the
President Philadelphia Business College. North American Union Insurance Company
Saturday-, April 22, 9:30 to ll a. m. with headquarters in Chicago. It is with
Discussion Led by E. E. Kent, Teacher of
:

1. Short Course in Transportation Ac- regret that we thus learn of the loss to our
Business Arithmetic, Springfield (Mass.) teaching profession, for Mr. Crandle has
High School. counting for Business Schools — C. R. Rog-
Henley Business School, Syracuse, New been generallv recognized as one of our
3. The Factors of Success in Business — ers,
level-headed, substantial men. The Insur-
Chas. M. Schwab. York. ance business captured a good man. In a
2. Some Features Requiring Special Em- letter recently written, he says, " I retired
SATURDAY-, APRIL 22, 11 TO 12 A. M. phasis in Teaching Bookkeeping — W. B. from the Athenaeum with many regrets, and
Commercial Geography in 190."); its Prac- Wilson, Teacher of Bookkeeping in- Wood's while my work will be along entirely differ-
tical L^se and Value — Frank O. Carpenter Business School, New York City. ent lines, I shall always remember with
English High School, Boston. pleasure the many good friends I have
By order of the Executive Board : known while in the teaching profession. I
Banquet. Chas. Platt.
T. shall look forward to the monthlv visits of
Wm. Ra?isdell.
C. The Business Educator, and in that way
FRIDAY' Evening, Ai-ril 21st. Raymond G. Laird. I expect to keep posted on the movements

A banquet will be given Friday evening of my friends." May success and happi-
C. W. D. Coffin. ness be yours in your new field of labor. If
at one of New York's prominent hotels. No w. H. Beacopi. for any reason you may have cause to return
pains will be spared to provide the choicest J. Clifford Kennedy. to the teaching profession, vou may rest
of attractions in the way of music, speakers, assured that ysu will be most heartily wel-
"etc. Besides being all that can be desired comed thereto. Here's best wishes from
from a gastronomic standpoint, it is intend- The Business Educator for a prosperous
ed to make it a genuine " feast of reason and and happy career.
flow of soul." Particulars will be given in On Wednesday morning, Feb. 1, a little
the April magazines. It will be appreciated Interesting after midnight, the home of the Salem
if all members desiring tickets for the ban- (Mass.) Commercial School was burned.
quet will notify the chairman of the Ban- News Iten^s 'The contents were practically a complete
loss, although covered by insurance. Mr.
quet Committee, in order that the caterers
may know approximately how many they Geo. P. Lord, the energetic principal of the
school, opened on the following >Iondav in
are to provide for. Address R. G. Laird, 371 a better location, with new equipment. The
W. 17th St., New York City. mai.agers of commercial schools in these
On Saturday, Feb. 4th, the main building latter days seem to be exemplars of cool
eeneral Business meeting. of the Wesleyan University of W. Va.. in- and collected promptness in time-» of emer-
cluding the school of business, Buckhan-
SATURDAY, April 22, 1:30 p. M. non, W. Va., with almost the entire equip- gency.
1. Reports of Committees. ment went up in flames. Mr. Geo. W. On the night of Dec. 30, fire destroyed the
2. Election of Officers. Boyles, Principal of the Business Depart- Ann Arbor (Mich.) High School, and with it
ment, and Miss Bender, teaciier of peninan- most of Mr. D. W. Springer's collection of
3. Selection of place of next meeting. ship and shorthand, suffered quite a heavy
Suggestions from members for the mate'ials for school work, the result of
4. personal loss because of the supply depart- many years of labor. His only compensa-
good of the Association. ment, which belonged to them personally, tion will lie in the form of a new and up-1o-
Adjournment. and upon which they had no insurance. A date building in which to conlinue his
letter from Miss Bender indicates that they work.
Sectional meetings. do not intend to allow discouragements to
interfere with their success, as they made F. F. Von Court, of Elizabeth, Col., has
Shorthand Section. immediate arrangements to go on with the engaged with C. W.Jones, Brockton, Mass
work. A greater future doubtless is in store as commercial instructor in Mr. Jones'
.

Friday, April 21, 1:30 to 4:30 p. ?i. for the University, and those whose pluck school.
1. E.xperiences with Shorthand Beginners knew no discouragements.
— Miss Julia Rieser, Eagan School, Hoboken. Miss Lillian Edgerly, for several years in
N.
W. L. Shattuck, assisted by M. M, .Murphy charge of the commercial work in the Dan-
J. of the Butte, Mont.. Btisiness College, re-
2. English Shorthand - Mrs. Annette
in vers (Mass.) High School has gone to similar
cently favored us with a li.st <if subscrip- work in the Wallingford (Coim.) High
Sterling, of the Wright Sterling Business tions above the century mark, indicating School.
College. Philadelphia. very forcibly that there is something else
3. How to Work to a High Speed
in Short- in Butte than copper mines. The facts are, Those who have not seen the handsome
hand-James M. Lingle, President of Union they have one of the leading business col- new catalog of the Baltimore Business
College of Business, Philadelphia. leges of the country located there. The College should send three two cent stamps
people of Butte evidently know a good to Pres. E. H. Norman for a copy of it. As a
4. Tvpewriting Instruction as a Developer thing when they have it in their midst, for beautiful presentation of the merits of a
of the Student's Logical Powers — Stella M. they patronize the Butte Business College worthy school, it is one of the best that has
Smith, Simmons College, Boston. liLieral enough to make it a leader, ntit only recently reached our desk.
 ^^^^udM^U^i^iUu^a^^ ^
Ulbat? horse; the choice part of the ship is the bit of native wisdom left him and some of
JIftcr the Ce$$^tit
after not the fore. If you are going to father's practical shrewdness he will decide
BY M. D. Fulton, board either which interests you most, the that his father's million may not be his and
horse or the cart, the fore or the aft? that after all it is better to live upon this
Paper Read before the National Penman- Note second, he says the lesson, not a mundane sphere, pay his bills, be of some
ship Teachers' Association lesson or aux lesson. He wants to know use, and let the Devil use the other fellow.
in Chicago. what this particular horse has behind him. It is well just here to note in passing
He does not care what sort of aft any other another indisputable fact which contributes
If t-here is one thing more than another ship may have or whether it has any aft at materially to the conditions that we have
this present age it is all, but the particular one on which he pictured. The average age of pupils enter-
which characterizes
spirit of investigation. It lias brouglit proposes to ride. In other words, what ing the High School or Business College to-
the
forth the myriads of devices and schemes becomes of this lesson, anyway? day is from two to four years younger than
Note third, he says " Lesson," not scratch- it was a few years ago. I will not assert
for the conservation of nerve energy and
muscular force. It has evolved educational ing period or copy-book play. A definite that the complement of knowledge is not
systems and is responsible for the fads and purpose and plan is in mind. Intelligent greater than in former years but I will say
;

fallacies of the same.

teaching and leadership is contemplated. that the pupils are no larger and the
Many have had visions, but few have held "What?" That is the question. Whatisy physical and moral development are no
to them. Abraham Lincoln, from boyhood,
What should be .- farther advanced than in former years at the
saw clear as da3' a President of the United By the Supervisor's perspective we may same age. Your knickerbockers and short
States having clean motives, wisdom, judg- best see What is. Who but the Supervisor skirts are out of place. A
Boston High
ment, and courage for emergencies. To him has the audacity to invade the sanctum of School Principal told us so only a few days
it was no mere fancy; for the vision took
the grade and other general teacher un- ago.
such hold on his life that his own character awares? Or the effrontery to investigate So much for " What is ;" but " What should
became the epitome of those qualities. the courses at the Normals and the methods be?"
There have been many an Edison and at the Colleges. Or the reckless bravado to It maybeeasier generally to diagnose the
many a Cyrus Field, if only visions would delve into the details of the Examining case than to find the remedy, but this is get-
make them. Officials? ting at the root of these ills, viz: A larger
But, with his prophetic vision, his indomit- Through this spectroscope we see little place for, and higher standard in Pen-
able will, and unflagging zeal, I doubt if Johnnie of six summers entering his First manship in our Normals, Training
even old Father Spencer saw or could have Primary on a Septemt)er morn. He is Schools, and other fountain heads of
endured the many chirographic atrocities neither large nor small, dull nor bright, education.
which have been and are being perpetrated homely nor pretty — just an everyday, ordi- Everyman is as lazy as he dare be. and
upon the American children in this twenti- nary boy. About the only hope that he the women are learning the trick. What
eth century. Oh, that some well defined may command more than his pro rata of aspiring pedagogue is going to add to his or
vision of universal decency in writing attention is in the fact that his father is her burdens that which is not laid down
might come to the fountain heads of educa- worth a million and member of tlie school and required in the course, and you can't
tion in the place of those absurd delusions board, and his mother is President of the blame them.
that "Penmen are born— not made"; and Woman's Club. Of course he may safely In the second place. Superintendents, ex-
that with the advent and spread of the bank on these securing for him a few extra amining boards, and employers should
typewriter good penmanship has little considerations and sweet smiles in the establish and adhere to as rigiil require-
value. place of frowns; but these are not apropos ments in the theory and execution and
My text is a question. My preachment of my purpose. methods of teaching this suVjject as are
must be its answer. But first let's know But the first thing our little Johnnie is maintained with reference to any funda-
somethingof the state of mind of the ques- called upon to do is to look at something mental sul>ject. What teacher is so philan-
tioner. It does sound a little childish; but which his mama pro tem has scrawled upon thropic, if she was able, as to develop with
all true teachers enjoy the childish inter- the board and calls "a." "Is it?" said her pupils a subject that has scarcely a
rogation marks, as sure signs of an open Johnnie, "I didn't know it before." Then respectful mention in her Superintendent's
receptive mind, and I am certain you will she scrawls something else and says that is outline?
bear with this one. "man." " My, it don't look like one," said But these are ideals, slow to attain. The
Penmanship, ornamental and business, Johnnie. real writing teacher is but a cog in the
theoretical and applied have been discussed Then a flinty old pencil with jagged point machine, and it is not easy for the small
in teachers' conventions for decades. Class and a sheet of paper are thrust into John- part to dominate the large whole. But our
management, lesson development, personal nie's chubby hands, and he is told to make honored President, FatherjHinman, did no
enthusiasm, elements of good writing, " a man," as teacher did. This he does sev- more in his early professional life than
style, etcetera, are all fitting topics, have eral times in the day and occasionally be- everyone of us may do. Young, enthusias-
been ably presented, and will be thrashed tween spells, just for busy work and to tic, determined, but tactful he said to his
around and hashed ov^er Viy future enthusi- keep him out of mischief. He is then in- employer: " I can't serve your pupils as Pen-
asts. But is that all? This questioner is formed by his daj' mamma that he has manship Instructor nearly so effective
inclined to think No. He has observed: learned to write. His first day in school alone as by the cooperation of the other
First. In the grades the average writing has been spent in learning a falsehood. teachers, an intelligent correlation of pen-
period is fifteen minutes daily, and the But Johnnie's experience is not different manship with other subjects, and personal
scribbling periods aggregate four hours in principle or method from Mary's in the authority to cancel any book, manuscript,
daily. third grade, or William's in the ninth grade. or other written paper that I find not up to a
Second. Where there is one teacher of Of course William can do more of it, and reasonable standard in penmanship." "Go
writing there are a dozen who know noth- besides he has learned to use a pen, wrong ahead," said his employer. "Results are
ing about the subject and care less. side up, hold it between his fingers, and what we want." The big pencil was used
Third. In the High School, if there is one stand on his head while going through the liberally, and many a heart-ache and sore-
teacher gf writing, i^ood. If he gets two operation. He can use up six copy books eye was the immediate result. But that
writing periods per week, Gloky. If he during the year and can fill on an average school to-day enjoys the marked distinction
gets all of his book-keeping and shorthand of three pages of letter note per hour on of being excelled by none in either number
students into this class, HALLELUJAH. composition or dictation work. or percentage of good writers.
If peradventure he gets the entire High These are what come "after the Super-
"
The writing teacher can and should ac-
School entering class. Amen. If, by some visor's Lesson. quaint himself with the general work of his
strange and hitherto unknown dispensation Through this same spectroscope one may pupils, get in close fraternal relationship
of Divine Providence, a standard is set and see William entering the High School, witli with all the teachers under whom they
maintained throughout the school and the Hying colors. Of course he doesn't need work, devise schemes for correlation
subject is offered to all, the writing teacher writing. He learned that when he was in through the English and other teachers,
will surely "kick the bucket." He can die Johnnie's grade, and has been practicing etc.
happy. THE MILLENIUM IS AT HAND. ever since. So the Principal and all the The writer, in recent High School connec-
These are some of the thoughts that were teachers sing— the Superintendent joining tion arranged with the head of the English
in tlie mind your interrogator. Do you
of in the chorus— unless William elects and Department to supply a line of topics for
wonder that he propounds the question, demands the Commercial Course, in spite of themes for the Commercial pupils. Of
"After the Lesson, What?" the admonitions that it was designed for course I selected topics that would stimu-
Note first, he says ''After the Lesson," incompetents and is dubbed the bread-and- late commercial and geographic investiga-
not before. The cart is placed after the butter department. But if William has a tion and thought, such as "The Story of
 ^^^f^u4/n^U^deu^aiir* ^
the Gold Dollar," My Silk Shirt Waist,"etc.
'*
testimony in handwriting is just as ill continue the institution as
When these topics were assigned it was scientific as in any other line, and the public
readily recognize this ; hence the (Jemand
explained that I had selected them and for such testimony. Mr. D. S, Hill is once again with Lock-
would examine the manuscripts. Nothing year's Business College, Evansville, Ind.,
was said about the penmanship. There Mr. Francis B. Courtney, penman in and is swinging a more graceful pen than
Toland's Business Uuiversities with head- ever. Some card-a recently received indi-
was no need of it. There would scarcely quarters at LaCrosse, Wis., has been visiting cate that he has a great deal of skill up
ever be any need of it. In this scheme the various schools and entertaining large that riglit sleeve of his. Mr. Hill, like
every paper was creditable and the English audiences with the magic of his crayon. many another progressive teacher of pen-
Wherever he goes the press is free with its manship, is a staunch friend and suppor-
teacher noted and remarked about the columns, all speaking of him as the " wizard ter of The Business Educatok.
neater and better written papers. I had of the pen, " which he truly is.
gained my point, for the English teachers Mr. F. B. Warner, Penman in Draughon's
Mr. Richard B. Farley, son of Prof. D. H. Business College, Muskogee, Ind. Ty.,
subsequently set a higher standard and Farley, of the Trenton, X. J., State Xormal receiitlv favored us with a good sized list
more intelligent requirement in the matter School, is an artist of more than ordinary of sub.-'criptions from the students of that
of penmanship. talent as is evidenced by the fact that two institulior>. Mr. Warner writes a graceful
of his paintings were recently accepted and hand and is creating a good deal of inter-
The old maxim,
" Spare the rod and spoil exhibited bv the Pennsylvania Academy of est in penmanship in that section of the
the child," an apt one for the present
is Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pa. country. The abbreviation, I. T., we pre-
age, and in many a
household should be in sume, will soon be a thing of the past, but
Mr. H. A. Reneau, a former Zanerian Mr. Warner and Draughon's Practical
emblazoned letters on every wall. The graduate, is now completing the business Business College will still be "it" when
same sentiment translated for the writing course in the Gem City Business College, it comes to penmanship and business
teacher would read "Spare the I>ig pencil Quincy, 111. He writes a splendid hand and education in and about Muskogee.
his services will be in the market about
and handicap the boy for life." April first. Mr. Reneau is a fine young man
and deserves success and will doubtless
achieve it. €o High School Ceacbers* ereeting!
Cbe Hnti^eommercial Cant.
We extend thanks to our friend and ft)rmer I wish to get in touch at once with every
Usually the outcry against t!ie commer pupil, Mr. J. L,. Hayward, for the invitation shorthand teacher of the high school fra-
to attend the graduating exercises of the ternity and to enlist your enthusiastic co-
cial spirit ofour time, where it is not sheer well known Heftley School, which were held operation in the interest of the recently-
ignorance or parrot-talk, is either the envy in Brooklyn, Friday Evening, January 27, formed High School Section of the Nation-
of those who are too lazy and self-indulgent 1905. al Teachers' Federation. This is the prod-
to be thrifty or the anger of those who have uct of a demand, and if the high school
wealth, against those who are getting it. Mr. E. W. Strickler. Penman
in the First representatives will attend the National
The commercial spirit is the spirit of civil- Pennsylvania State Normal School at meetings, unite their brains and enerjfies,
Millersville. Pa., recently favored us with a it can be made a feature of the Federation.
ization, and always has been. The great good-sized club to THE BUSINESS EducA-
men in the arts and sciences are, to an There had not been until the recent
TOR. Mr. Strickler is a skillful, progressive meeting a creditable representation of
amazing degree, the sorts of commercial penman and teacher. We
hear of him and liigh schools because, perhaps, of tlie
people. It is the commercial spirit that his work through others who have been scarcity of such teachers, and because
inquires into the desires, developed and benefited by coming under his instruction. the topics discussed before the general
undeveloped, of man — his mental desires Mr. Strickler does things, and does them shorthand meetings could not be dedicated
about right.
no less than his physical desires — and then to the specific interests of high schoul in-
structor-. Now that shorthand is being
ramsacks the universe for the things that Mr. C. J. Potter, Penman in Elliott's Busi- introduced into the public schools all over
will satisfy those desires. ness College, Burlington, la,, is creating a the coiintry. necessarily Increasing our
Of course, the commercial spirit has its healthy sentiment in favor of good writing representation, the problem of our needs
disagreeable, its evil side. But until a sub- in that institution, as evidenced by the was solved by the creation of a High
stitute for it in awakening men's ambitions number of subscriptions he is sending us School Section.
from time to time, and from the character of The sessions of this body will be held
is found, let us not listen too credulously to the work he is producing. Mr. Potter is not
Saturday Even- beforehand after the general shorthand
the cant against \\..~ a noisy teacher. He believes in getting meetings. We have organized in the in-
ing Post. results rather than in much and loud talk terest of every system of phonography.
ing. In this particular, as well as in others, There will be formulated a program com-
he is right up to date. prising papers and discussions of needs
and difficulties peculiarly our own, and if
Mr. J. D. McFadyen, Penman in the you are susceptible of suggestions you
Metropolitan Business College, Ottawa, can not fail to profit by these meetings.
Ont., recently favored us with a large list of We must more than double our member-
News Notes subscriptions to both the Teachers' and
Students' Edition of The BUSINESS EDUCA-
ship at the next meeting. We want the
benefit of your experience, environtnent
an<l N<>ti<*cs. TOR. This is evidence of the fact that the and co-operation, and I trust that you will
students under Mr. McFadyen are awake to determine now that you are to attend the
the needs, not only of good penmanship next Convention and that you will come
Xv.r^-, l3ut of the other branches comprising prepared to contribute something to a
commercialeducation. Mr. McFadyen him- liberal associi^tion of ideas.
Mr. A. B. ZuTavern. funnrrlN ^t MMiiroe, self is not only a practical penman but a Fraternally vours,
Wis., now has charge of the telegraph de- well educated gentleman. Success follows Harry C. Spei.t.nan,
partment of Wilson's Modern Business in his wake as it will those of his students Sec. High Schn<il Sec. X. T. F..
College, Seattle. who follow his instruction and example. Kockford Hitili ScIkm)!.

Mr. G. W. Hootman of the Peoria, III., Mr. Thornton H. Lodge, formerly of Alva,
Business College, reports a prosperous Okla., was recently appointed as commer-
school there. He also enclosed a list of cial teacher in the William McKinley High To join with me
subscriptions to The BI'SINESSEDUCATOK.
This is evidence of the fact that M r.
School, St. Louis, Mo. Money in combining
Mr. L. O. White, Penman in the Brvant IIT J two Business
Hootman is doing up-to-date work in pen-
manship as well as in other things. Ac Stratton Commercial School, Boston,
recently favored THE BUSINESS Educa'I'OK
n anted J
CoHeRC inter-
ests, in a good
Mr. J. F. Barnhart. the well known busi- with a good sized subscription club, indi
eating that penmanship is being looked town with g-Qod territory, sure to
ness educator and supervisor of penman-
ship of Akron, O., who has been out of school after in that well-known institution in a grow. A well known penman and
work for a vear, is now Clerk of the Board manner that becomes up-to-date instruc- teacher with a clean record and
of Education of that wide-awake city. That tion in an up-to-date school.
good reputation, local and nation-
office could not have been placed in more
efficient and faithful hands. W. W. Knisley, formerly head of the al, who has the inside track, needs
Commercial Department, Grinnell. Iowa, $1,000 or so, to join and equip
Who said that expert handwriting was Academy, has been elected to take charge anew. If you have a hundred or
dead ? That experts w^ere not in demand ? of the Commercial Department in the
That their testimony was not considered in Elgin, III., High School. more to invest, find who it is,
courts of law? The facts are we have heard where it is and why it is.
of more of them of late than ever before. H. K. Fultz, Proprietor of the Greenfield, Address. B. T. S.. Care Business Educator.
Hinman, Courtney and Kinsley have re- Ohio, Business College, has sold his in-
cently testified in notable cases. Expert stitution to his brother, M. J. Fultz, who

/f= ^^

NOW is the Accepted Time for Subscriptions

^ J
 ^^^^ta/n^U'^/eu^i^ ^
College, making it one of the largest busi- Griffin, Principal. It is 6by 11 inches in size
/^-^^^—v ness educational institutions of the south. with light brown, deckle edge cover, and
r-^ .

Mr. R. A. Gaffney,
commercial teaching
who has been engaged
in Guthrie, Okla., is
cream platepaperon theinside. with illustra-
tions printed in black and the type in a
shade of orange. The half-tones are of a
School and in
now engaged in real estate business in that
beautiful vignette. The get-up of the catal-
og and its quality gives us the impression
wide awake city. of a high-grade school. In it we see the
Professional Through our long-time, true friend and
familiar faces of Miss Carrington, the expert
typewriter operator, and Mr. Fred J. Hill-
penmanship lover, Mr. W. II. Lothrop, we man, the practical penman.
learn that Mr. H. C. Kendall, one of Boston s
oldest penmen, as concerns length of ser-
vice recentlv passed to the great beyond. The Rutland, High School Commer-
Vt.,
The Brown Husiness Colleiie. South .Nor- Mr. Kendall had quite a large clientage in cialDepartment, E. D. Snow the wide-awake
walk, Coun., has recently been opened by is issuing an eight page booklet
the engrossing line, and was a man of con- Principal,
Mra M. A. Merrill of Merrill CoUese re- at
siderable skill and ability. giving the names and addresses of "Some
Sta'mford. The former teachers were We also learn from the same source that of the Former Pupils of that Department
"
tained so that the school continues with- Mr W. H. Kibbe, of whose work our readers and Where They are Employed.
out interruption. Mr. G. K. Sartain, the are familiar, is seriously ill, and that it will
Proprietor, disposed of the school in order to be some time before he will be able to take "The Surest Stepping-Stone to Success is
engage in the inanufacturiiiK industry, in the appealing
up his work again. His son does fine letter- a Business Education" is
which he has been interested for some time,
ing, and is therefore carrying on the good title of a twelve-page, square-like, well
and which demanded more of his attention ihe work of his father so far as he can. written and illustrated circular, issued by
than he could give both concerns, the Barnes' Commercial School, Denver.
arrangement made is an excellent one, as
Mrs. Merrill has the reputation of conducting Mr. W. L. Morris, Penman in the Tyler,
Tex., Commercial College, is makingthmgs an
" Penmanship" is the title of attract-
a first-class school. in the biggest
hum in the penmanship linepresent ively gotten up, four-page circular by J. o.
state of the Union. At the writing Lilly, Lile, W. Va., advertising instruction
Peoria Business College, Peoria, Illinois, he has sent more subscriptions than any by mail, etc.
is a erowinK institution, having enrolled other subscriber during the present year.
more than one hundred students during the
This is no mean compliment when subscrip- " Be Wise To-day " is the title of a unique
first half of its second year. The principals, tions run into the hundreds. Mr. Morris folder published by the Michigan Business
Geo. W. HootmanandW. W. VVightnian.are writes a good strong business hand, ana College, Detroit. It represents a well hlled
men wide experience in the school busi-
of evidently knows how to teach the same pocketbook of silver, gold and bills very
ness, and we predict great success for the article to others, or he would not be able to realistically reproduced. The text on the
new school at Peoria. arouse sufficient interest to secure the inside is to the point, and quite as effective
number of subscriptions that he does. Take as the outside is attractive.
J M Keaser, who was formerly at the head our word for it, this young man is going to
of the Commercial Department, Centenary be heard from in the future. The Mountain State Business College,
College, Jackson, La., recently opened Parkersburg, W. Va., is sending out a well
and
the Milton, (Pa.) Commercial College, very Mr. W. N. Currier, who for the past three written folder in the interests of that in-
he reports that school opened with a years has been with the Rider-Moore and stitution.
encouraging number of students. Stewart Schools of Business, Trenton, N. J.,
recently resigned his position, and is at the Howard and Brown, Rockland, Me., re-
Mr M. A. Smythe, Penman in the National present time engaged in settling an estate cently issued acatalogof their diploma and
Business College, Roanoke, Va., recently at his old home in Kennebunkport, Maine, engrossing specialties, which you will do
favored us with a good-sized club. Mr. after which he intends going west. well to secure if you are interested in these
Smythe is having all of his pupils begin things, as it is up-to-date and artistic.
with the September BUSINEs^S EDUCATOR, Doner J. H. Hesser, of
Manchester, N. H., re-
them to work upon Mr. s
cently used an entire page in the Manches-
requiring Mr. Hy C. Walker, the well known penman
series of lessons from the time of beginning ter Union setting forth the advantages of and engrossing artist of St. Louis, is sending
until the finish. He says he can see a his excellent school, and announcing his
marked difference between thosethose who take out a nicely printed, eight-page circular,
who removal to new and enlarged quarters. He advertising his engrossing. Mr. \\ alker is
THE BUSINESS Educator and
IS a hustler who deserves and is sure to working on a title page for The BUSINESS
do not. The facts are, but few of his students
As have great success. EDycATOR,'which will appear in due course
do not take THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR.
consequence, e.xcellent work is bemg of time.
a
attained. Many certificates from THE The Packard Friday morning lectures are
BUSINESS EDUCATOR will, ill due time, not only up but above the usual high
to, " As Others See Us " is one of the prettiest-
find their way into the hands of these standard this year, if one may judge by a titled,gold-embossed, blue-toned booklets
students. recent bulletin. This admirable custom received at this office, containing as it does
has been adopted in other schools with the testimonials of former students of the
Mr L. W. Hammond, the well known pen- excellent results. Lincoln, Nebr., Business College.
man of Batavia, N. V., has been chosen to
teach penmanship in the night schools of ::=::., ^^^'grv-^. The American Business College, Allen-
that city. He reports more than usual in- town, Pa., issues a thirty-six page catalog,
terest in this work, and is doing a splendid printeil in blue, brown, orange and dark
work for the young people of that com- green. The catalog is a good one in contents
munity in aiding them to acquire a good Catalogs Ind illustrations, but we think the color
handwriting. Hammond writes an un- feature has not been handled in a manner
to justify the expense. The colors,
accord-
usual graceful running hand.
and Circulars ing to our opinion, do not harmonize or
A K Dorman.of the Commercial Depart- "key." The character of the text proper is
ment, High School, Danbury, Conn., has high grade, as is the school.
been appointed supervisor of penmanship
in the grades in New Haven, Conn., arid
will devote his afternoons to this work in The Heffley School, Brooklyn, N.Y., issues Classes Banquet.
New Haven. a maroon-covered, twenty eight page, high-
quality booklet describing and advertising
that school. The text is brief and to the Rapid addition classes of the National
Miss N. J. Lammers, formerly of the point, and the type quite large and easily Business College, Roanoke, \ a., M. Ar- A.
Marion, Ohio, Business College, contributed Smythe, Teacher, banquetted at the
some very timely and interesting ^ew read.
lington Hotel of that city at the close of the
Year's Greetings to the press of that city, Manchester, N. H., is sending term before the holidays. The banquet was
indicating that she has more than ordinary J. H. Hesser,
out a leaflet advertising his book entitled the result of a contest between two divisions
literarv talent. Miss Lammers has exerted of the class, extending over a period of
two
a "ood" influence upon the business educa- Hesser's Lessons in Correspondence, as well
as his card specialties. months, »the losing side paying for the
tional interests of that city, and from our banquet. The successful class averaged .1,

dealings with her, has impressed us favor- 4-10 per cent, absolute accuracy,
and the
ably as a woman of good character, as well " What They Sav " is the title of a twenty-
losing class averaged 90 7-10 per cent, ab-
as ability. two page, envelope-size, yellow-covered solute accuracy. There were twenty-hve
circular from the Ludington and Manistee, students in each class. Here is one of the
From the press of Allentown, Pa., we hear Mich., Business Schools. •ecords made: the time consumed by five
a column of
members of the class in adding hgures
that the pupils of the American Business wide
College, O. C
Dornev, Principal, have been The Practical Text Book Company, Cleve- figures ten figures deep and ten
making excursions about that city to gather land, Ohio, is sending out a highly colored o? one hundred figures was thirty eight
information of a commercial nature, indica- calendar advertising their school books. seconds.
that the school, as well as its pupils, On it is printed bv the three color process
ting
are quite up-to-date. an illustration of their new building, which
shows up in attractive form.
Mr H. Rogers, recently of the Central
J.
Business College, Sedalia, Mo., is now- Advertising literature has been received
connected with theWarrensburg, Mo., Busi- from the following: Auburn, N. Y^, Busi-
ness College. Mr. Rogers is a regular patron ness School; Drake Business College,
Orange, N. J.; Northwestern Business
of The BUSINESS Educ.\tor and intends College, Milwaukee, Wis.; Wisconsin Busi- Mr. Arthur Glenwood Skeels,
publishing a book on penmanship ere long. Miss Cora Fribley Smith.
We wish him success in his new held ot ness University, LaCrosse, Wis.
Married,
labors.
One of the most modern catalogs received on Thursday, the twenty-sixth of January,
nineteen hundred and five,
The Florida Commercial College recently at this office for many a day comes from the Scio,Ohio
merged with the Tampa, Fla., Business Springfield, Mass., Business, School, B. J.
 M^^ud^ied^^^Oiu^Of^r ^
So long as lue Ioue tut srrus : so
^
long as luc arc loutri bg others ^ W
would almost sar that lUE arc in-
If^e Success (£trcle. dispensable ; and no man is useless
jp

^
3n= while he has a friend. w
<X Department of ^ncourcujcinent, — Rohert Louis Stevenson. ^
spiration, progress, ftealtb, €tc.
Conducted by L. M. THORN BUKGH, Paterson, N. J.,
Who conquers self — he is a hero born;
Commercial High School. His name may die, fprj^otten by his peers,
But yet the seed he sowed in care and
tears
Shall bear rich harvests through immor-
tal years."
I)abits We forget that every good that is
worth possessing must be paid for Dav, from " Tn Cune Olitb the
in strokes of daily effort. We post- n new
BY H. B. SLATER, COM.MERCIAL HIGH Infinite."
pone and postpone, until those smil-
SCHOOL, PATERSON, N. J. ing possibilities are dead. Whereas Each morning is a fresh beginning. We
ten minutes a day of poetry, of are. as were, just beginning life. We
it
We speak of good habits and of spiritual reading or meditation, and have itentireJj' in our own hands. And
bad habits but when we use the
; an hour or two at music, pictures, or when the morning with its fresh beginning
word "habit," in the majority of philosophy, provided we began now comes, all yesterdays should be yesterday's,
instances, it is a bad habit which we and suffered no remission, would with wliich we have nothing to do. And
infallibly give us in due time the again, when tlie morning with its fresh
have in mind. We talk of the smok- lieginning conies, all to-morrows should be
fulness of all we desire. By neg-
ing-habit and the swearing-habit and to-m(trrows, with which we have nothing
lecting the necessary concrete labor, to do. Sufficient to know that the way we
the drinking-habit, but not of the by sparing ourselves the little daily live ourto-day deteroiines our to-morrow.
abstention-habit or the moderation- tax, we are positively digging the Simply the first hour of this new day,
habit or the courage-habit. But the graves of our higher possibilities. with all'its richness and glory, with all its
fact is that our virtues are habits as Could young people but realize how sublime and eteriiit>'-deterrnining possibil-
much as our vices. All our life, so soon thev will become mere walking ities, and each succeeding hour as it comes,
bundles 'of habits, they would give but not before it comes. This is the secret
far as it has definite form, is but a of character-building.
mass of habits, — practical, emotional, more heed to their conduct while in
and intellectual, — systematically or- the plastic are spinning
state. We
our own or evil, and
fates, good " Hdviee " Co a Boy.
ganized for our weal or woe, and never to be undone. Every smallest
bearing us irresistibly toward our stroke of virtue or of vice leaves its In one of the large railroad offices in
destiny, whatever that ma)- be. this country is a comparatively young
never-so-little scar. Nothing we ever
Undoubtedly the fact that we have
man, who is at the head of a large de-
do is, in strict scientific literalness, partment When
he entered the service
bodies subjects us to the law of habit. wiped out. of the company years ago, he was
five
The plasticity of the living matter of Of course, this has its good side as green and He was given the
awkard.
our nervous system, in short, is the well as its bad one. As we may poorest paid work in the department. The
reason why we do a thing with diffi- become permanent drunkards by so very first day of his employment by the
culty the first time, but soon do it many separate drinks, so may we company, a man who had been at work in
the same room for six years approached
more and more easily, and finally, become saints in the moral, and him and gave him a tittle advice: "Young
with sufficient practice, do it semi- authorities and experts in the prac- fellow, I want to put a few words in your
mechanically, or with hardly any tical and scientific spheres, by so ear that will help you. This company is
a soulless corporation that regards its em-
consciousness at all. Our nervous many separate acts and hour's of ployes as so many machines. It makes
systems have grown to the way in work. Let no young man have any no difference how liard you work, or how
which they have been exercised. anxiety about the outcome of his well. So you want to do just as little as
possible and retain your job. That's my
Habit is thus a second nature, at education, whatever the line of it advice. This is a slave pen. and the man
any rate as regards its importance to may be. If he keep faithfully busy works overtime or does any specially fine
adult life; for the acquired habits of each hour of the working day, he work wastes his strength. Don't you do
it." The young man thought over the ad-
our training have by that time stran- may safely leave the final result to vice, and after a quiet little struggle with
gled most of the natural impulsive itself. He can with perfect certainty himself he decided to do the best and the
tendencies which were originally count on waking up some fine morn- most he knew how, whether he received
any more pay from the company or not.
there. The greatest portion of our ing to find himself one of the compe- At the end of the year the company raised
activity is purely automatic and tent ones of his generation, in what- his wages and advanced him to a more
habitual, from our rising in the ever pursuit he may have singled out. responsible position. In three years he
was getting a third more salary than
morning to our lying down each Silently between all the details of hjs when he begun, and in five years he was
night. business, the power of judging in head clerk in the department; and the
We say abstractly: "I mean to all that class of matter will have man who condescended to give the green-
horn "advice" was working under him at
enjoy poetry, and to absorb a great built itself up within him as a pos- the same figure that represented his salary
deal of it, of course. I fully intend session that will never pass away. eleven years before. This is not a story of
to keep up my love of music, to read Young people should know the truth a goody-goody little boy who died early,
but of "a live voung man who exists in
the books that shall give new turns in advance. The ignorance
of it has flesh and blood today, and is ready to
to the thoughts of today, to keep my probably engendered more discour- give "advice" to other young men just
higher spiritual side alive, etc." But agement and faint-heartedness in beginning to work their way into business.
we do not attack these things con- youths embarking on arduous careers And here it is: "Whatsoever thy hand
findeth to do, do it with thy might."
cretely, and zee do not begin today. than all other causes put together. — youth's Companion.

'-^
fr'-
do bo i\\t right tiding, at ttjc rigl^t time, in \.\\t right may ; to bo some ttjings better tfjan they inere ercr bone before ;
to clitnitlate

errors ; to kiioii' botl} sibcs of i\t question ; to be courteous ; to be aw c.vample ; to tujrU for Iopc of the luorl; ; to anticipate rcciuirfincnts ;

to bcDclop resources ; to recognize no iinpebimcnts ; to master circumstances ; to act from reason rather than from rnic ; to be satisficb

mitt] noticing sl)ort of perfection. — The Marshall Field Company Idea.

\-. -J
 f^^^u^'/i^^^^^fu^iifr*

Sermoncts or Supplementary Copies by Trands B. Courtney. Commentlby C P. Zaner.

Mr. Courtney has put it very modestly. Is there any other acquisition within the rearh of everyone as highly appreci-
ated by not only its possessor but by all, as the art of writing well? Is there any other art as valuable and as
long serving
as the art of writing well, time to learn it considered:' More time is now wasted in the public schools in premature and
inefficient teaching than is necessary to write legibly, rapidly, and well. Inefficient teaching is not now an excuse for your
failing to learn to write well in a reasonable length of timei

'€Zyi^:^^Z^<'^-'€^'^<J^'^>'^^^'ir^ '-2Z,-ii-2s^:'£;2-^?--z-i^

Xl^:J^:^^<:>^:-^!S^ ^^^^'-^^i^

And there is no other so little or poorly taught as writing in our public and high schools, colleges and universities
After all, reading, writing, and arithmetic!are the things which should be taught more
thoroughly than any other studies.
other, and
Spelling, too, is essential, as good penmanship makes bad spelling conspicuous. Writing is not secondary to any
should not receive secondary attention. Less written work in the public schools and more teaching of writing should be

other art so schools the eye and hand to accurate details as does the art of writing well. This is doubtless the
secret business men desire good penmen. They know they are masters of technical details and therefore hold within
themselves the key to the astery of other details in office routine. Begin today to be a genius — the kind that is made.
not bnrn
 r:mm^^^^,

no. 6
Who would become a writer tine,
Must use a deal of pains;
Must criticise liis every line,
And mix his ink with brains.

I wish to emphasize the last two linesabo erse. To become a good penman rigid criticism is necessary.
of the We must
learn to be our own critic, too. always to show where we have made errors. We must learn to see
A teacher can't stand overr us alwi
them as they are made, and just as they are. It is neither good to lize, nor to magnify mistakes. Nininiizing faults leads to
deception of true condition, while magnifying them, leads to discouragement. Once learned
gement. v_^rice ci incite muie
leanieu no one can criticise more tlioroughly
inuiouguiy
than self, and no one else so satisfactorily. The last line of the verse refers to thought. It requires a thinker, as well as a worker
to learn penmanship.

Speed
Is not generally considered a requisite of artistic writing. In fact, most professional penmen seem not to consider it at all. With
them absolute accuracy is the vital thing. I consider speed a very essential element. Most professional penmen have a great deal
of writing to do and time consumed in doing it is certainly an item worthy of consideration. Of one thing I'm sure, I wouldn't
exchange my excess of speed with any slow writer I've ever seen for his superior accuracy. Very accurate work is usually exe-
cuted very slowly, while most of the dashy work is thrown off rapidly, yet carefully. Most of ns do job work and figure cost accord-
ing to time required to do it. Then the rapid workman can make more money than the slow workman, else consume less time in
doing the work. Besides. I have learned that most persons with whom I deal prefer dashy work, as it sliows life and freedom,
hence more art.
 d^i^^3Su^/ned^^i(/ifu^i^ir' ^

Cngravina
Penmanship reproduced by tliephoto process, known as zinc etching, never does the writer justice. So many complications
are encosntered in preparing work for engraving that it is at tlie best, very exacting, and often discouraging. Ink that is black
enough to please the engraver won't flow to the satisfaction of the penman. That is, hair lines are heavy, and not always even in
size. Then the etcher never helps the difficulty, but rather makes it worse, as the hair lines come out heavier than in the copy,
unless the reduction in size is so great as to render the work unnatural.
The old process of engraving by hand, as employed by Spencerian Authors, and many of more recent fame, produced results
far superior to the writers' skill. But with the Photo process now used, it can be relied upon as a rule that the engraving doesn't
do the poninnn iu'stice.

Professional business penmanship for ambitious students of Hne penn ship to study and practice from. It is from the nimble
pea of the nimble penman, Mr. S. M. Blue.
 f^^^ud/n^i^dfu^iHr* ^

CAKDS AND DESIGX BY MR

Judging from the specimens recently Co Penmen Everywhere

^rr:: ::^
; ., , /^r^^^^:?r^. received from the Excelsior Business Col-
lege,Youngstown, Ohio, J. E Slindee. pen-
man, the pupils have their pens pointed To Teachers of Penmanship in Private
successward. The work Is quite practical Commercial, Public, and Parochial
students' and businesslike. The best specimens sub- Schools:
mitted were written by Edith Yard, Nellie
It is our desire to make the next meet-
Specimens McGuire, Bessie Marquette, and Thomas P.
Sweeney. ing of the National Penmanship Teachers'
Association the most interesting and suc-
We have never received as uniformly neat cessful in the history of the Association.
and practical work from one month pupils
Mr. A. I. Sc.vill, l.iiiuaster. I'a.. I-tiisiness as is at hand from Mr. J. M. Gardner, Pen- We wish to call your attention to the
College, sends specimens of his students' man in the Wausau, Wis., Business College. penmanship exhibit, the one particular
work, which measure up to the best we are They were ton delicate to engrave by the
line process, or some would have appeared phase of our last meeting at Chicago-
receivins. Mr. Fred S. Jones, Guv H. Oldt,
in this number. We hope to present some The students' work there exhibited at-
Owen W. Streett, John G. Williams, and work later on.
Miss Alice Snjder are all on the fair way tracted much at'tention, and received
for our certificate.
Mr, J, A. Prowinsky, Penman in the many words of favorable comment. Next
Central Commercial College, LaGrange, year we hope to make the exhibit one of
Mr. Perry O. Belcher, instructor in pen- Texas, favored us with some students'
manship and bookkeeping in the public the most interesting features of the As-
specimens in business writing, which com-
schools of Ionia, Mich., recently sent his pare favorably with the best received at this sociation.
subscription together with specimens of oflfice. We should like to hear from every
his students' work. The specimens from
Olga Thwaites and Eunice Conroe being teacher of penmanship who can have
especially good for pupils but I'J years of Best of Its Hind. work prepared for our next Chicago meet-
age. In fact they demonstrate practica- ing, that we may explain fully the way
bility of teaching arm movement at this
The Business Educator is the be^t
paper of its kind and I cannot get on without in which the work is to be prepared.
age, and that Miss Conroe could easily be- in my school work; it's always abrea«t nf
J. K. Renshaw, Secy.
it
come a professional penman of more than
ordinary ability. the times, gives me an inspiration to do
better work, and I welcome everv new issue. National Commercial Teachers' Assn.
E. E. TkRREiJ., Banks Business College,
Mr. G. B. Jones, of the Lockport, N. Y., Stanley's Bus. College. Thomasville. Ga.
public schools, sends us a package of speci- Viffl Chestnut Street,
mens from the high school pupils, which Philadelphia, Pa.
are above the average received at this office
either from business or public schools. PENI^EN'S SOUVENIR
The figures are unusually neat, and sys- A little volume of 36 pages, bound in heavy covel Eneouraaina ttlords
tematicall3' arranged, while the work on paper. The following penmen are repref-ented,
capitals shows a "dash and go" not often trowther, Moore, Zaner, Canan, Mills, V.ilcntine, I find The Business Educator to be an
equaled. All the work indicates that move- Bode, Hallett and Stone. Send for a copy and see iiKaluable assistant in my work, an indis-
ment is being taught upon a very progress- how Zaner writes cards. Price 3.Sc. prepaid pensable helper in every branch of com-
ive basis. The work of (Jlenn Minick, Roy CARDS PRINTED WRITTEN & BLANK mercial pedagogy. The Teachers, Profes-
Blackley, Frank Kuston, Bernice Searles, Rasj-time 23c. WO Kirds
luo Little Jokers 30c. 11X1 3.>c. sional Edition is most excellentlv adapted
Herman Frition, Clara Fritton, Alice 2J fancy written 2.5c. 24 colored cards wkite ink iSc. to the needs of the teacher, and it will keep
Kearnes, Edith Schoellers, Hazel Witmer, 1000 3 ply W.B. 75c. lOOOcolored cards 8.5c. E.vpreso the faithful reader wide-awake and up to
Jennie Strauss and Leroy Condon is excep- Agents* sample book for written & printed cards 25c. date. W. B. CURTIS,
tionally meritorious. W. McBee, 19 Snyder St., Allegheny, Pa. Com'l High School. Dunkiik. .V. Y.
ARM MOVEMENT EXERCISES BY A. M. TOLER, PUPII, OF M. A. SMYTHE, PENMAN IN NATIONAL BUSINESS COLLEGE, ROANOKE, VA.

'^<C"

OFF-HAND CAPITALS BY H. K. WILLIAMS, PORTLAND, ORE.

 .3^3Biaih^^de^^^i^fr^ ^

HIGH GRADE PKOFESSION AL WKITING By THE LATE C. C. CANAN.

WANTED
ik Gems
Packard's
^copy each Duntonian
iipendium and Williams
of Penmanship. Give terms
and description. Address, OLD, Care of Busi-
ness Educator, Columbus, O.

FIRST CLASS
Wanted. \^

Lady Teacher of Gra-

ham Shorthand, and Kindred Branches.
Good salary for right person. Give age,
experience, etc. Address, I. I.

yU AMTCn
'**•" ' "-^
•
Good Commercial
teacher can secure
half interest in established eastern
school by small payment, balance out
of receipts of school. Address,
EXPERIENCE, BY .>!. .\. .\I,BIN, MULTNOMAH INSTITUTE, PORTLAND, ORE.
CARE OF BUSINESS EDJCATOR.

The Buckeye Teachers' Bureau

and School Exchange,
Greenfield, Ohio.
FOR SALE
If you wantto better your position in the G. S. HENDERSON Will sell school clearing l.>ig money,
teachers' profession, for tlie coming year, good man capable of running it, at a
enroll with us at unce. We have a great
ti>

demand for Commercial Teachers. We can ILLUSTRATOR very reasonable price. Do not answer
this unless you mean business and are
sell you school property. AND prepared for immediate action. Pres-
ent day-school enrollment. 158. Fair
DESIGNER. night-school. Have cleared $:i,(KK) since
Double Your Attendance SEND COPY FOR ESTIMATE
September 1st. Address,
^'ou can largelv increase the atteiulance
at your School by engaging the services of HEW YORK
L. c.
106 W. 64TH ST.,
a competent, hustling solicitor. One hav- Care BUSINESS EDVCATOR.
ing abilit)' as ad-writer, with years school li

soliciting e.xperience. desires position. Columbus, Ohio.

References exchanged. Address, Fred W.
Tresham, 49 Oxford St Hamilton. Ontario.
,

Ca ada.

you wish to improve your

liow DoBusiNEbs Writing; to become Wat-i-ensbut-^'MidlancI Teachers^ A.^encies
TIbout a fine .\rti8tic Wkrf er: to know
all about Card Writing : to Offices: Townsend, Montana. Winnebago City, Minn., Warrensburg, Missour
Your learn Engrossing; or to take a
practical. in Lettering"^
Indianapolis, Indiana, Room 92 When Building.
Penmanship ?
Fl RXISHED l-'OR AI.I. DEPAKTMESTS FREE.
for SPECIALISTS
Good Pen- Splendid opportunities ofl'rred tlie " tipto-date " teacher. We ci 'er the bes
man." It's free and tells all about how you can field in the United States for tlie teaclier backed bj- ABILITi \o :^^istratioi .

learnbymail. F. W. BLYN, TAM fee if rou write tlie Wariensliur^ office inclosing stamp Fourth Year.
1t14 GRAND AVE. KANSAS CITY, MO.

I
Cf.c^^i^.e^r^i.ilz-'Tzf tz^^z^ ^3«-^<^u^.^i^<7^ -e^^t.,^ ^^i-ez^fi^ ^^2^i<^i^ /^ " C7?^ /2«.i<^^z.«<i^ £<zii<i*<x<Ji^^'-l
 f^%^^ud/^i^^^4/iu^i/fr* ^
Miss Annie Seidensticker. a recent gradu-
« *^^
"mS^m^
;
>^^^:-fc., ate of the public schools of Chicago and a
sister of F. G. Seidensticker, submits speci-
mens of her work, which show that she is
accomplishing at home by her brother's aid
Specimens that which many others are accomplishing
through The Business Educatok namely ;

Received a good handwriting. From the way in

which she started out it would seem as
though it would take but a few months in
which to capture The.BuSINESS EDUCATOR
certificate.
Thtr Marietta, Oliic. Cciiniiiercial CnUeKe,
M. A. Adams, Proprietor, seat us specimens Mr. H. C. Russell, of whose work our
of students' work in business writing, which readers will know more later on. Penman in
show that good work is being done in that Kinyon's Commercial School, Pawtucket,
institution. The movement exercises are R. I., recently favored us with specimens of
being used freely, which is true wherever students' writing before beginning iustrnc-
writing is being taught on a practical basis. tion under him, a few having been there a
The best comes from the following Gertrude
:
month or two. The improvement shown is
White, J. \V. Gerhart, Ernest E. Dickison, certainly out of the ordinarj- and compare
and A. R. Stephens. Miss White and Mr. with the best received at this office. The
Gerhart easily lead in excellence. students who have made the greatest
improvement are as follows: Elmer F.
Messrs. Sterling, Horsev, and Holland,
Hornby, W. H. Campbell, R. C. Westman,
(thirteen years of age), Charles E. Oldfleld,
pupils of W. K. Hill, Crisfiel'd.Md., send work and Arthur Burdick.
showing that they are in line for our Certifi-
cate for Proficiency in business writing.
Their work is strong, accurate and graceful. A. H. Paton, Salem Commercial School,
The first two named are in the lead with Mr. Salem, Mass., recently favored us with a
Holland a close second. large bundle of specimens of students' work
Mr. C, D. Scribner, the owner of the on figures. These rev-eal the fact that Mr.
accompanying countenance, whose lessons Paton is teaching a very practical style of
Students specimens of writing from the in Illustrating have been running in The writing, and that the students are acquiring
Cornwall, Out., Commercial College, are a very uniform style. The figures are un-
before us. Good work is being done there. Business Educ.\tor. is a relative of
Martha Harrington, Eliza Cairns, John L. Scribner, joint author of the well-known mistakable and quite systematic, while
Macnaughton, and Delia Duderkirk are in and widely-used writing books of twenty- many are verj- concise and neat. Mr. Paton
is working up as a penman, and if he keeps
the lead, the .latter's figures, however, are five years ago, published by Payson, at it next year as he has the past, he will be
not good. B. J.'s figures are also scrawUy, Dunton and Scribner. ranked as one of our very best penmen. His
buthis penmanshipisdoingnicely. J. McD. After attending the public schools he business writing is now quite orderly and
needs more freedom, as also D. D. Mc. attended Powers Institute, Bernardstown, strong.
J. J., and S. L. B. A. A. F. and E. M. J. need
more arm movement. E. McD. shades down Mass., where he taught writing at the
strokes too heavily and A. S. MacD. writes early age of sixteen years. Later, he Mr. I. H. Grimes, a student in the Ohio
too large. H. B. makes some letters much taught itinerantly, and attended art Valley Business College, East Liverpool,
larger than others and should watch figures schools at intervals. Some five years ago Ohio, submits specimens which show that
closely. As a whole the writing is credit- he completed the work in the Zanerian, he is not far from the certificate of ours.
able, but the figures are not up to the average Moreover, there are evidences in his work
received at this office. since which time he has been engaged in which sho\v that he can not only secure the
art work and in teaching. ('ertificateof Proficiency, but by persevering
Mr. E. A. Banks, Banks' Bus. College, Our readers will be pleased to know he can secure our Professional Certificatein
Belfast, Me., favored us with some speci- that he has prepared an entirely new due course of time. He will do well to adopt
mens of students' writing which indicate series of lessons in Illustrating, which penmanship as a profession.
that Business Educator certificates win will appear at an early date.
be finding their way to that section before Last year he engaged with the Embree Mr. E. H. Bean, Penman in the Central
long, if not by the time this notice appears. Printing Company, Belton, Texas, to do
Business College, Denver, Colo., favors us
with good lists of subscriptions from time
art work, and to publish "Pen and Ink to time, as well as with specimens of his
Mr. J. M. Gardner, Penman in the Wausau, Art" which has met with much favor students' writing. Mr. Bean is getting good
Wis., Business College, favored us with a
among pen workers. results. Among the pupils submitting the
bundleof specimens from two o'f his students best work, we take pleasure in mentioning
showing improvement made in business Fred Wedemeyer, Morris Smith, Pearl
writing by Mr. W. E. Meyers in sixteen days. Quinn, and Robert E. Graf. Two night
The swing he developed in making ovals Mr. G. L. Caskev, Penman in the Modern
and minimum letters is remarkable. He School, Cleveland, Ohio, swings a skillful students, Martha Wolsiefter and Mr.
also enclosed work by Mr. Henry Baumann, pen as shown by some cards recently re- Kuenseniueller, do excellent work also.
a 5'oung man twenty yesrs of age, who is ceived. Some small photos enclosed show Mr. Chas. E. Baird, a "left-hander," sends
unable to read and write the English lan- him to be in fine physical condition, and work which equals the best as regards ex-
happy as all good people should be. ercises and nearly as good as the best in
guage. This gentleman was unable to use small letters.
the pen the first lesson, but within sixteen
days he, too, was making minimum letters Some graceful, ornamental script is at
and exercises with remarkable freedom and hand from .Mr. F. E. Persons, Buffalo. N. Y. Mr. Ben Kupferman, East Boston, Mass.,
Slainness. These specimens indicate that The work is fully up to the average of such in a well-written letter, includes a graceful
[r. Gardner is a hustler when it comes to specimens received at this office, indicating flourish, demonstrating his ability to write
teaching writing, and we hereby extend that Mr. Persons swings a pen of consider- a splendid hand, both business and
congratulations to him and his pupils. able skill. ornamental.

Mr. R. C. Cottrell, Penman in the No.

Manchester, Ind., Business College, favored
us with some students' specimens and we
^- ^
find them fullv up to tlie average received Faust's Automatic Shading Pens Are the Best
at this office. "The writing of Miss Emma
V. Reiif, Floyd Cotterman, Minnie Brown,
Curtis E. Cripe and A. Edna Neer is
especially fine, indicating that all can be- We
come excellent penmen: excellent even
from a professional standpoint. Manufacture
Tbese Peas,
A letter written in a very accurate and
graceful manner is at hand from our good Alao
friend, A. D. Skeels of Temple College,
Philadelphia. From it we learn that sick- FAVST'S
ness had entered his household, and thereby SHADING-
interferred with the usual joy and pleasant-
ries of the Holiday Season. P£N INKS
aod FAVSrS
A deep, ultramarine, blue envelope,
accurately, daintily, and gracefully written PATENT
came with a complimentary letter enclosed
MYOGRAPH.
from the skillful pen of H. B. Lehman, Pen-
man in the Central High School, St. Louis,
Mo.

J. S. Lilly, Lile, W. Va., recently favored us We are wholesale and retail dealers in all kinds of Penmanship Specialties, Writing Pens,
with some of his written cards, which show Cards, Card Board, Fine Inks, Oblique Holders, etc. Everything needed by student! or pro-
a good deal of skill. They are quite orna- fessional penmen.
mental and modern. We have just issued a fine, large, illustrated catalogue. Send for it.

Some of the finest script received at this

office came from the skillful pen of L.
. AUTO PEN i INK MFG. CO., 40 DEARBORN ST CHICAGO. ,

Fareta, Concord, N. H.
 Enclosed ttndll.UO
Best on Earvb.
for the best journal on
WANTED Teachers of Commercial Branches. Advance Fee Not Required,

artii— The Business Educator. Positions in Hieh Sell Isand Collefje

Vaughn, of Stenography. Salaries, $600 to $1,.500,
J. J.
UiKli School. Elyria.Ohio Anna M. Thurston, Mgr., 378 Waba&h Ave., Chicago Thur&ton Teachers' Agency.

Be penman. pays Iff

Learn Penmanship by Mail. I'ract n4l spare time.
Il
Ma
ell.

take our Cou: !s. We

give the best instruction. Twice many lessons as others. More copies and
better copies More instruction and better instruction More criticisms and better criticisms of
practice worfe One young lady living on a farm took a six months' c< se by mail, and we placed
ner in a positi 1 as teacher in one of the largest and best Business Colleg- II the United States. Others
are doing as Writing, 12 lessons, t3 50 Complete Course, ; Ornamental. $7.00.
Special Course for teache
IS MY SFEOIALTY piper furnished free You
s terms to
arid
AliENTS WANTED. I0<1 blank
l.'ic postpaid IriiHI blank cards by expr

. and give you

PREE 3 Handsome Penholder
C.HOWARD HUN? PEN CO., Camden, N. J

C^^'z^'-i^ri^.^t^yrxf O'-fz^ '^i<^t^^-^i,4d^^t^.^j^ ^c(^t.^ ^:^i^€z^<?-2^ ,^2^.in^ <:^^iU,7R*cd.O'yl.^^d^G:^'^'C<'CL^<^r-

I I
 ^^^3Bui^/i^d^i^dui^i/!fr* ^
OF GREAT VAI^VE TO HIM.
Lessons in Wash Drawing Dear Mk. Mills:—
I wish to thank you for the interest you have taken in me
and Engrossing. 'Cy while pursuing your course by mail. You certainly have pre-
sented the subject in a scientific manner, and your careful criti-
I,. HKOWN, ROfKI-ANI). MAINE. |
cisms and thoughtful suggestions have been worth much to nie.
As a stepping stone, tnere is no subject that will prepare one
K for promotion quicke- than that of good writing.
I trust that the large number of Commercial teachers and
Mr. C. D. Scribuer, the owner of the accom- Bookkeepers whose ambition it is to win their way to the top of
their profession, will take advantage of your course.
panying countenance, whose lessons in II- Since taking your course I have received a raise in salary.
have been running in THE Rrsi-
ln*itratine:
Wishing you the success you so richly merit, I am
NFSS Educator, is a relative of Scribuer. You ude
well-known and widely-
joint author of the
used writing books of twenty-five >ears
ago, published bv Payson, Dunton and
Scribner.
After attending the public schools he at- Penman, Elliott Conimer ial Schools, Clarksburg, W.Va.
tended Powers Institute, Bernardstown,
Mass.. where he taught writing at the early Moral Send stamp to-day for full particulars of Mills' Cor-
:

age of sixteen years. Later, lie taught itiri- respondence School of Penmanship.
erantly, and attended art schools at inter- E. A. DIETERICH. £. C. MILrLS, 195 Grand Ave.. ROCHESTER. N. Y.
vals. Some five years ago he completed the
work in the Zanerian, since which time he
has been engaged in art work and in teach-
ing
Our readers will be pleased to know that
he has prepared an entirely new^ series of
lessons in Illustrating, which will appear at
an early date.
Last year he engaged with the Enil»ree
EXPERIENCE COVNTS
Printing Cmnpanv, Belton. Texas, to do In conducting a Teachers" Bureau, as in anything else. The manager of The Kinsley
art work, and to pn'lilish " Pen and Ink Art " Bureau graduated from commercial and penmanship schools; was a teacher in business
wliich has met with much favor among pen and normal schools for ten years; over 10,00u of his students became teachers, and over 200
:ire teaching in business and normal schools he has bad experience as employer of teach-
w(irkers. ;

ers also; has had several years' experience in business and professional work; editor
Penman's Art Journal for seven years; has a membership in many of the commercial
leachers' organizations; formerly president of Western Penman's Association; formerly
Francis B. Courtney president New York Commercial Teachers' Association. He has visited hundreds of
schools in many sections of our country, and is visited daily by school principals and
Hanawrltlntf Sr»«oi&list teachf-rs desiring the seivices of our Teachers' Bureau
Expert Microscopic Examiner of Forged We keep in daily touch with the schools through The Kinsley Studio work in Diplo-
and Questioned Writing. mas. Stock Cuts. Designing, Engraving, etc.
Care F J Toland. LA CROSSE, WIS.. Free Registration oflfer still holds good. We need a large number of teachers. Don't
wait, but send for blanks and information to-day.
The School Exchange Department maintained to school property and as an aid
HY. c. wa.i^ke:r« in forming partnerships.
of country, for sale.
is
Write for information.
sell
25 large and small schools, in all parts

5585 Vernon Ave., %\. Louis, Mo.

LrESSONS IN ENGROSSING S6e Kinsley Commercial Teachers' Bureau
BY MA.IL WM J. KINSLEY, Manager.245 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.
Send 2c stamp for specimens and circular.

^t^fcSvVJtTKS^S

^# 1^ i " V o\x lite J»catU oVi

 f^^fS^ud/n^A/^if/iu^aii^ ^
part of .r- is too wide. Avoid angle at top of C. J. S., F"indlay. Your minimum letters
loop. You ought to try for the Professional are rather large. Put more thought between
certi-ficate in due course of time. . words in your sentence writitig. Watch the
small o and the last upper turn in n., Your
<i)uesti<)ns Answered and A. C. M., Ark. Take a little more time to figures are doing nicely. You curve and
vour small letters. Studv form closely. slant the first down stroke in z too much.
Criticisms Offered by Cross the -V upward. The shades of < and E.xercise greater care. You are on the right
(/are carried too low. Curve ilown strokes road. Keep it up.
C. P. ZdiK-r. in z less. Watch carefully initial and final
nke: thei 1 direct
wmn ^--- You pract
ement as we
does not show
as tni ch
have noticed hereto
E. F. H.. R.
wide. Lower loops
I. Excellent. Figure 4
a trifle small.
is
Some of
too

your capitals are not as good as your small

(INTENE FOR SUBSCB BEKS ONLY.} letters, particularly the capitals W, G, and
Under heading Mr. Zaner criticises specimens
this C. B. H., Mo. Your figure Sis too tall. The S. Come again.
of penmanship, drawing, etc.. submitted to him. figure H is also rather tall. Your 7 and 9
Postage should be enclosed if specimens are to be would be improved by finishing them more C. S. C, Springfield. You need more prac-
returned. He will also endeavor to answer any and definitely at tire bottom, which could be tice on plate 'M. Curve down stroke in o
allquestions pertaining to penmanship matters, or if done by raising the pen less quickly. Your more. Lower loop of p is usually too large.
thought best, questions may be submitted through loop letters are irregular in slant, the ones Never loop ^ You are improving. You will
this department to the readers of our journal for vol- below the line slanting less than the ones win.
unteer answers. This gives the readers of The above. The reason that your letters go to
BustNESs Educator the benefit of the experience pieces when you go to writing rapidly is T. C. S , Texas. Thanks for criticisms and
of one who has made th! work a lite-time study, as
.
that you do iiot think clearly enough of suggestions. We shall consider them. As
well as of those who contribute thereto. their formation. Don't let the pen get concerns your penmanship, study form
ahead of your thinking. This is especially closely.You have a good movement. You
O. S., Belle Plairie. Studv form more true in learning. Your penmanship has can become a fine penman^but study form
closely. Retrace angles in n and in less far. many good points. Follow closely the les- closely.
Learn to be sure rather tlian rapid. Firm- sons in The Bi'siNKSs Educator, and it
ness and strength are necessary in small will improi'e a great deal. T. Boone. Study form more critic-
letters, as well as in capitals. Watch small J. S.,
ally. Small or central loop of B too big.
s closely. Close small a carefully. Stick to O. U. D., Texarkana. Your specimens Small /> too large. Y'ou're improving nicely.
it anil you will win by July. show a great deal of ability and indicate
,that you can, by careful practice, secitre our
B. J. B , Midland City. You are using a professional certificate. Study your forms
irood movement. Some of your turns a rf too more closely. Your movement seems to be
angular in the small letters. Make all turns somewhat wild and uncontrollable. Your Deserved Compliment.
equally rounding and all angles equally business peiatnanship is somewhat better
stiarp. Studv form closely. Work faith- than j'our ornamental. Exercise more Our pupils ntliusiastic over Doner's
ar
fully and you will sometime possess tlie patience in your practice and execution. lessons. indeed a "hummer." I
Cliarli :i

certificate. Think more betweeti forms when the pen is have never seen Bsons as good in any pub-
oflf the paper. Your loop is too high on the B. M. WINKLE?IAN,
M. E. McC, W. V'a. Good. Watch small r. capital fold in such letters as and IF. M lication.
Huntsinger's Bus. Col. Hartford, Conn.
Some loops are too narrow. Reduce size of Come again.
writing. Space a trifle wider. Make o more
rounding. Last upper turn in n and //;
usuallytooangular. Curvedown strokeof o
more. Figures are excellent. Keep up the
good work. Come again.
T. J. S., Iowa. Study form closely. Curve
down strokes in z less. The last upper turn
of 111 and n usually too angular. Curve
down stroke of o more. Practice more on
capitals,they are not as good as your small and penruen who have been under my instruc-
letters.
as well.
will stand more practice
Your loops
Better drop the ornamental until
you have mastered the business. You are
A few tion F. B. Courtney, LaCrosse (Wis.) Busi-
:

ness Univ.; E. L. Click, Concord, N. H.;

doing splendidly. You are on a fair road for
that certificate. Come again. teachers F. B. Moore, Rider-Moore school, Trenton,
N. J.; L. C. Horton, Horton Inst., Trenton,
C. H. S., Pittsburg, Pa. You are doing ex- N. .J.; H. G. Healey, Editor of Penman's
cellent work. Watch spacing between Art Journal, New York; W. C. Hcnnifig,
letters. The last upper turn of the n is
usually too angular, and the last lower turn Cedar Kapiils, Iowa; Theo. Courtney, Albany (N. Y.) Bus. Coll.;
is usually too rounding. You can get to be a 5. E. Bartow, Albany (N. Y.) Bus. Coll.; Wm. Billings, Eagan
fine one if you will to do so. School, Rutherford, N. J /. M. Vincent, Packard School, New
;

H. L. J., Alliance, Ohio. I cannot say that York E. E. Gavlord, Asst. Editor Business Educator, Columbus,
;

I see a great deal of improvement in your Ohio; L.l'iola lKfl'//c/-, Charles City, Iowa E. A. Cfyj/, Merrill ;

lettering since vou stibmitted work before. Coll., Stamford, Conn.; L. E. Stacv, Salem (Mass.) Com. School ;
It mav be that I have forgotten just what it
looked like, but I am inclined to think you /. H. Lipskv, Comer Coll., Boston R. G. Laird, Com. High
;

would do well to study your work critically Sch New York

, /. //. Bachtenkircher, Lafayette^ Ind.^ Julia
;

and to endeavor to do your work more Bender, Wesleyan Sem., Buckhannon, W. Va. Geo. K. Post, ;

accurately and less rapidly. Come again as

I have filed the specimen before me and can
Northamvton (Mass.) Bus. Coll.; W. E. Weaver, Norlhaiupt'
tell in the future whether or not you are (Mass.) Bus. Coll.; /. M. If art/, Brockton, Mass.; W. G. Crabbe,
improving. War Dept., Washington; and /. F. Smith, Dallas (Tex.) Bus. Univ.
N. W., Rich Hill. Good. Curve down These line penmen, these successful teachers, these manly men,
stroke in z less. Make o more rounding. and charming ladies will give you an opinion of Madarasz for the
Give more attention to figures. Make all asking.
curves equally rounding and all angles
equally sharp. Your work is up to the
average received at this office. in writing begins .July

M. B., Pawtucket. Some of your work is

My te achers' course 1, 1905,
four weeks.
and continues
I can train
excellent. All of it is good. Some of yoitr
minimum letters are a trifle large. Your you how to teach the
loops are inclined to be too pointed. Yotir Maiiarasz Method of Practical Writing —
which is writing for
capital /does not slant enough.
keeps. There's no play about it, and my |iupil teachers get results
H. C. B., Reading. Curve down stroke in in one-half the usual time taken by other teachers. There are sev-
o more. First upper turn of .r is too angular.
Last upper turn of n and in too narrow also.
eral kinds of results —
bad, indifferent and good uiine are not the —
Angles in J2and /h not sharp enough. Curve good for nothing.
down stroke in z less. Small a too narrow. You pay tuition only on the condition you are perfectly satisKed,
Bottom of c too rounding. Your work is and if you can't pay all cash, the balance or all of it can wait.
very good, indeed. That's the Madarasz way of saying " I know my business and ca)i
J. W., N. Y. City. Your letter is very uni- prove it to you." Write me if you are interested.
form and pleasing in general appearance.
Some of it is somewhat cramped as though
L. MADARASZ, 1281 Third Ave., New York.
itwere not written as freely as your usutil
practice. Lower part of z too small antl
bottom of p too pointed. Curve down stroke
in o more. Use more arm movement. You
are doing nicely.

1 C^:^'Z'-e^r€<^a.^^f^ t:z^^z^ T^Ui-^-^c^i^^z.g^'rd ^ci^^,££. ^^^t-iz^fi^ ,^2<i^»r<^ C?A^.73M.io-yijA^CclU^^<xxZ<nr j

 Compliment
The Business Educator
for nir. Doner,

for November
rr- ^^^^^^ ^--^^
.^
SHORTCUTS
A
ze.
little
showing how
half the figures and
ith
book, pocket
to do

The instructions in half the time all of those little calculations

is certainly a fine number. Hints and Helps in Lettering, W which we must figure out everyday. Everything
given in the first two paragraphs of Mr- Designing, Etc. from Addition to Interest and Discount. Its
Doner's lesson on Business Writing are worth is attested by the fact that its author is
C. D. SCRIKNER, Belton.Tex. now and has been for years the specialist in this
worth many times the cost of a year's sub- branch at the Eastman Business College. Price,
scription to any student who wants to know cloth, 50c. Address,
the secrets. H. G. PHELPS, GEO A. DEEL, Poughkeepsic, N. Y.
Prin. Com. Dept. Mon- Bozeman, Mont. Cesson no. 12.
tana Col. of Agriculture.
This lesson concludes the series along
the lines of letterins and designing. From
the work sent in and the improvement
shown by many of the younger artists, we
The Pratt Teachers' Agency, feel sure that these lessons have done
3

3 70 Fifth Avenue, Hew York,

[
l some good. They have at least started a
few on the right road, and possibly in the
GILLOTT'S PENS,
THB HOST PBRFBCT Or raRl,
j
Recommends college and normal gradn- r
] atei, specialists, and other teachers to col- [
near future we may have the pleasure of HAVE GAINED THE
1

j
le^es, schools, and families.

The Agencj receires many calls fo:

> seeing their work reproduced, and that
they, as well as I, may give credit to The
Business Educator for their first inspir-
GRAND Pari* Exposition, 1900.
PRIZE,
mercial teachers from public and prirate
^
schools,and business collefi:e8. ationand training. It has alwaj-s been my
]
ambition to give a course of lessons for IMi U the Hl^est Prize ever Aw&rded to Pen*.
WM. O. PRATT, Manag< the purpose of helping those who wish to
help themselves. I sincerely trust that
these lielps and hints have been helpful
Ceachers Ulanted: and successful.
For this lesson we will take the decora-
In one of the largest Pacific Coast Busi- tive design. It is elaborate in a way, still
ness Colleges. One educated, moral, pro- not very difficult. The pen portrait was
gressive, aggressive teacher of Gregg Short-
hand and Touch Typewriting. A man with
taken from a photograph. The figures with
long wavy hair are imaginary. The dark
The Best is None loo Good for Me
a national reputation preferred. background brings out the' panels and
One educated, moral, progressive, aggress- figures, and makes the design strong and
For nearly t ity years I have sought
ive teacher of bookkeeping, penmanship, attractive. The openings are for photo-
for the best ma al for tine penmanship,
(all branches, including mechanical draw- graphs or lettering.
and t:)elieve I ha\'e 1 it in the cards
The original was otTered below:
grammar, commercial law,
ing), arithmetic, about IS inches long by S inches high. I
etc. The man engaged for the Ijookkeeping suggest tiiat you use a Gillotts crow quill Norway Wedding Bristol, white. $1 15 per 1000
position must be capable uf doing mod rn pen for lines in hair, and in making the
engrossing and designing. Xo person who English Bristol, 13 colors, .90 per 1000
portrait. Work up one similar to this, but
does not possess the above named qualifica- purely original. Try to invent some deco- By express, not prepaid.
tions, is not of good address, and does not ration of your own. Study it well. Keep
wear stylish, tailor-made clothes, need ap- good harmony, light and shade. Strive to For 10 cents, I will send you a full line
ply. Send photograph, give reference, ex- make a good strong drawing suitable for of samples and throw in three or four cards
perience, etc., in the first letter. The posi- reproduction. hot from my pen, showing these cards to
tions will be open in August. 1905. Address, We would like to hear from any one be unequalled for brilliant shades and
\V.. care Business Educator, Columbus, O. that has followed the course of lessons, dainty hair lines.
and possibly a reproduction of the best
drawing submitted may be published in F'. S. HKAXH,
this Journal. Xow let us see what talent 50 Dunklee Street, Concord, N. H.
We have filled
has been developed.
All lessons sent in for criticism must be
MANY POSITIONS accompanied with return postage. It is None too Good for You
The H. at B. imprint &\si,rxAs for
BEST BUSINESS COLLEGES excellerice-'-'Is It on yoiai-
(luring the past season and still
liave PLENTY OF PLACES for

FIRST CLASS TEACHERS. Annnal Catalog of Stock Designs Free-Send for

estimates and sketches for special desigms.
FKEE KEGISTKATION if you men-
Desitfnintf for all pnrposes.
tion tliis paper. Engrossing, plain or In colors.
PROMPT SERVICE. LOWEST PRICES.
Continental Teachers' Agency,
°"'«"-«--
Bowling Gc-ean, Ky. Howard & Brown, Engrossers. Rockland, Maine.

I
C^:£n^-e'''rCi^d.£'<^ a-'-vz^ ^cc-^-^cd-^^Le^j^ ..^cK.^'t.^ ^>^<,.ct-'rz^^ y^y-^n^ /^^ ''
C^L£- 73.<Cd'C''7'l.A<i^Cc6c€.'C'<Z.'/^C-^. I
 f^^^u4/^ie4^^d(u:a/lf^^ ^
Shorthand, this, we should judge, is a are good,and we have no doubt that some
valuable publication and will doubtless be teachers who may not find it possible to use
interested in it. the book in theirclasses because of arrange-
ments already made, will be glad to use it
Business Correspondence in Shorthand, for supplementary work.
No. 5, price 25c., is an extension of Business
Correspondence, Nos. 1, '2,3 and 4, continuing
the work where these books leave it and
enabling thereby the ambitious steno-
grapher and shorthand aspirant to attain to
higher speed and a larger vocabulary.
Shorthand Drill Book
(Benn Pitman System)
The News Tribime Cartoon Book by R. D.
The following pulilicatioiis are at liaiul Handy, Duluth, Minn., January 1st, 1905, is Drill exercises in phrasing, word signs, con-
thetitleota large, profusely illustrated book tractions, dbmmon words, and cities of the
from Isaac Pitman &Sons,:il Union Square by our old-time frien<l and former pupil, Mr. United States invaluable to the student for ac-
(West),N. Y. Handy, whose humorous and political ;

cartoons appear day in and day out in the quiring speed, and to the practical stenographer
'The World's Commercial Products," News. We are pleased to note the success for purpose of review arranged by F. R. Heath,
;

with Equivalents in French, German and which is following Mr. Handy's efforts. chief instructor in shorthand at Peirce School
Spanish, bv J. A. Slater, Cloth, jjilt, (Size 5^4 pocket size; flexible leather, gilt edges, 169
X 8W in 163 pp. Price, '6c. postpaid. This
) pages, $1.00. postage prepaid.
work furnishes a descriptive account of the Typewriting by the Piano Method, H. One teacher says: "Your book is full of the
chief commercial products and manu- Graham Paterson. Published by the essence of Benn Pitman shorthand."
factures of the world, with statistical infor- author. Twenty-seven sections, or lessons,
mation and the names of the countries or are devoted to one of the most succinct and
districts from which they are obtained.
sensible presentations of touch typewriting
Peirce School,
The book w ill be found of considerable value that we have seen. A remarkably large
in any commercial school or business college amount of practical information has been 913 Chestnut St. Philadelphia.
from the fact that the information furnished condensed into the thirtv-four pages of this
in its pages is not obtainable in theaccessilile
useful manual. One of its best features is
form in which it is here presented. It will in its not duplicating the material of other
be found especially \'aluable as an advanced books that are used in every good school,
work for business dictation. In connection thus making it possible, without weakening
with the teaching of Commercial Geog-
raphy the work will lie found invaluable, as
it supplements with descriptive informa-
tion the brief statements about natural or
it as an instruction book in typewriting, to
present the subject exhaustively within
small compass. Another striking feature
SPENCERIAN
manufactured products which find a place is the very effective plate illustrating the
proper position for the hand, and thecorrect
PERFECT
in the text-books. Thearticle." are arranged keys to be operated by each finger, on both
in alphabetical order, and after each name
of a product the French. German, and
single and double keyboard machines. No
teacher's collection of useful books on this
Spanish equivalents are given. subject will be complete or altogether

is
"The Phonic Word List,"
Buckelew and Margaret W. Lewis, price 30c.,
the title of a 108 page, well bound book de-
by Sarah F. satisfactory without this little volume, and
we venture to predict a large sale among the
schools for classroom use.
steel
USED BY EXPERT AND C.\KEFUL
Pens
voted tothe subject implied in the title, that PENMEX FOR .NE.\RLY FIFTY YEARS
of Phonics. The book is the growth of
practical school room experience and is a Sample card. 12 pens different pattem.s,
much needed publication. Hesser's Lessons in Correspondence, J. H. will 1)6 sent for trial on receipt ofc, ce, ts in
Hesser. Published by the author. A neat postage stamps. Ask for card U,
"The Stenographic Word List," price 6c., little volume in tag board binding, con-
comprising word-s selected from the book
entitled "Phonic Word List" with Short-
taining about thirty-f3ve pages, and in-
structions for thirty lessons. This book will
SPENCERIAN PEN CO.
hand Chapters from the pen of Dr. Wm. appeal to many busy teachers. Its 349 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
Hope. To the student of the Pitmanic suggestions for the preparation of letters

Summer School for Teachers

is well known that for several years tlie demand for
IT competent teachers of Gregg Shorthand has exceeded the
^^^S"' ,'
supply. The extraordinary progress the system has made
^^^L with commercial schools and high schools has exhausted the
JCl ^ ,
available snpply of teachers. Seven years ago there were not
^^^^^^^^^^ more than thirty scliools in the United States and Canada
^^^^^L'^^^^^^^^^ using Gregg Shorthand; today it is taught in more than one-
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^k half the the United States and Canada. In the

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^9^^ month of September last over 200 schools adopted Gregg

^^^^^^^^^^^^^HpP^ Shorthand, and next season even this splendid record will be
^^B|[^^HB|^^^^ surpassed.
At the urgent request of many school proi^rietors and
John K. Gregg
conduct a Summer School for
teachers we have decided to
training teachers of Gres Shorthand under the direction of the author of the system. Teachers
who desire to perfect their knowledge of Gregg Shorthand, and to learn the best methods of
teaching it, would do well to avail themselves of this opportunity.

GRGGG SCHOOLr
Particulars and rates will he furiiislied on application.

LINN H. YOUNG. Secretary Incorporated) 151 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO

C^::^'-z^~^.''H^'€..duyr~r 'CZ'^^2-*/' Tic^-S-^ ^''^i.z-''^ .-«>t^^ ^:'A-ci,-7^& yz^.4^<^ y^Sr?' .^-t^i. C/'A^ /R^^^d<y?Z.£<:UJ<EI^^::tU.C'f>Ci'^e^-^ I

I
 BY E. S. GAUSE, EMPORIA, KANf

. . The ^EW . .

ITS AN OLD BUT EVER NEW ZANERIAN ALPHABETS

BOOK. BECAUSE OF ITS FRE- Is the title of a book first published ten years ag-Q containing-
at that time 80 pages. Five years ago it was revised and enlarged
to 152 pages. It has recently been greatly improved, revised, and
QUENT REVISIONS AND IM-
enlarged to 192 pages. While it still contains many of the plates
first published, it also contains many in revised form, and many,
PROVEMENTS . . . .
many entirely new and modern alphabets, making it valuable alike
to those who own either of the former editions or to those who
'

have never seen or possessed it. It sells year in and year out,
demonstrating that it is thoroughly practical and that it supplies
a need no other book has ever filled.
It contains nearly 100 new plates not found in the first edition,
and 38 not in the 1900 edition. While, therefore, it is an old book,
it is ever, also, a new one because of its revisions and enlarge-
ments. The printing in the edition just from the press is the best
of the three, and is certainly creditable.
The book is a complete vSelf-Instructor in Roundhand or
Engrosser's Script, Text and Standard Lettering, Engrossing, and
Designing. It is prepared to meet the needs of the beginner,
furnish inspiring models for the professional, and preserve in
permanent form the practical and artistic letters used by engross-
ing artists, designers, sign writjers, etc.
While the "most of the work is from the pen of the author,
Mr. Zaner, yet many masterful designs in engrossing have been
ITS A TRUE AND TRIED added from such eminent artists as W. E. Dennis, S. D. Holt, E.
L. Brown, P. W. Costello, H. W. Kibbe, H. E. Wygal, and W. H.
BOOK. BECAUSE IT RETAINS Anderson.
It teaches the simplest, plainest, easiest styles of marking
most elaborate. Instructions accom-
text or letters, as well as the
THE GOOD AND REJECTS THE pany nearly everv alphabet and design throughout the book.
The Price, Postpaid, Is SI. 50, the same as heretofore.
MEDIOCRE To anyone possessing either of the former editions we will
make it at $1. 10 Postpaid. In ordering please to give date of pur-
chase of the first book.
Address, ZANER & BLOSER, Columbus, Ohio.
 f^^fS^u^^m^^i^Oiuu^ ^
LEARN TO WRITE YOliR JSAME.
Your name written in 12 ditferent styles foi
25c.

logue
Plain, fancy shaded, flourished, etc. Good
to practice from. Also lessons hv mail- Cata
free.
Strayer's Business College.
ELLSWORTH ® WHITMORE,
Philadelphia. Pa
ESTERBROOK'S PENS"Easy to write with. Hard to use up."
CORRECT DESIGN UNIFORM TEMPER DURABILITY
150 STYLES
453 liLISI.NESS ANU CoLLKGli
with fine and extra fine points.
Elastic and smooth writing

Esterbrook. Steel Pen Mfg. Co.

26 John St.. N. Y. City Ne-wr (Jersey

Know
How to
File Z^y^^^aynd/uy/l^-'C
Document
—Legal BI /?/fP/PODUC/r£i //V /7/PS7~ ClASS Sr/IE 3Y
Card Record:
Credit Reports
—Deposit Tickets
ksurance Pol
—Books —Report
—Samples —Check
—Clippings — Iivvoices
—Notes— Letters— Papers
Siiiiplv i:Iieck tl

AOfiAf£/flY f/M/^M/Af f/V(//fAW//(/ & £/.£CT/fOryP/A/g COMP/^A/X.

3U6-3S0 as/t/PSo/fA/ 3r/?f£r

That's the first step in simplifying your office

or factory detail. An.l do it NOW.
^
^^^5?^^^^-
THE SIIAW-WAI/KKR HHIIHNY. lliihkPL'on. Mich.
.Bnmch at Chi^.-.i;" in '!>"; M.^nui-itt- V,

FINEST PENMANSHIP SVPPLrlES OBTAINABLE. on th that go by express or freight. Of

On goods listed belo'w ! pay postage on those that po by mail and purchaser pays carriage charges go
course the cheapest way is to order in fair sized quantities and have them by freight

PENS AND HOLDERS. BY MAIL, PREPAID. CARDS, INK, PAPER, ETC.

Blank Cards— White bristol with erian Pen. Pencil, and PaintinS
Gillotfs Lithographic Pen No. 290
Zanerian Fine Writer Pen—The best penmanship. and Portfolio, for sketching,
—One of the finest pointed drawinc finest surface for fine
and finest fine writing pen made— best pens made. 6 pens 2dc, li pens \^c 28c lg, and water color painting.
for engrossing, card writing and all fine
100 by mail postpaid ins JO sheets for $ .40
,5(X> by express
Quill Pen No. 659-
--
script work. Gross $1.00, % gross 25c. Cillotts Crow v^''*' ,il 20 cents extra -- fJO
1000 by express $1 -35
Very fine points. 6 pens 25c, 3 pens
-I5c Zanerian India Ink— A fine drawi
Zanerian Ideal Pen— One of the best Black Cards— Best made for white
pens made for general penwork— busi-
Soennecken Lettering Pen — For ink and best for preparing script a
making German Text, Old English, and
ink. drawings for photo-engiaving.
all broad pen letters. Set of 12— num- 100 by mail postpaid 28c 1 bottle by mail, postpaid $
bers 1, I',;., 2, i'i. 3, 3!;. 4, 5 and ,51X1 by express - - -7.5c 1 dozen bottles by express 2
1 do 10c
1000 by express $1.35
single pointed and 10, 20 and 30 double
pointed - 25c Arnold's .Japan /n/r- Nearly 14 pint
Zanerian Medial Pen— A high-grade bottle by mail postpaid --$
medium, extra smooth pen for business Double Holder for Soennecken Pens White Cardboard— Wedding Bristol .40
pint by express 45
writing. None better. Just right for — Holds two pens at one time 10c for finepen work. Sheets are 22x28. 1

quart by express
-

.75
students and accountants. Gross 7.5c, 6 sheets by express --$ .60 1

K gross 25c Zanerian Oblique Pen/ioWer— Hand- 12 sheets by express 1.00

made, rosewood, 12 inches long, a 2 sheets by mail postpaid --- 50 White Ink— Very fine.
beautiful and perfect holder. 1 holder ---$ .25
Zanerian Business Pen— A s: oth. 1 bottle by mail, postpaid
-- - 50c by express
durable, common
sense busines White Cardboard— With hard
12 bottles -- - 1.85
For unshaded business writing,
never been excelled, if equaled. Fine Art Oblique Holdei —
Inlaid
and fancy, hand-made, rosewood, and
much
20!4x23
like ledger paper.
finish,
Sheets ate
Writing Paper— Finest paper13 lb.
made. 9tj0 sheets per ream, ruling wide
by far the most beautiful holder made. 6 sheets by express $ .40
holder sent in a small wooden box. 70 and faint. 1ream by express $2.25
Pen— I
12 sheets by express
Gillott's Principality No. 1 50
- $1.00 3 sheets by mail, postpaid
fine writing pen. Gross tl.OO. !i gross Writing Paper Same quality as —
2.5c. 1 dozen - - 12c Excelsior Oblique Holder— The best above mentioned but 10 lb. per leam.
ow-priced oblique holder made. Many 1ream by express .$2.(m
Gillotfs Double Elastic E. F. No.
604 Pen— A medium fine writing pen. 1 holder $ .10 sheets by e cpress
dozen Practice Paper— Best for the money
Gi OSS 75c, K gross 25c, 1 - 10c
12 sheets by ( xpress ,- - -
be had. earn by express --$l..50
to
by m lil, post'paid-
1 i

K gross 2 sheets
Gillott's Magnum Quill E. F. No. H gross Send stamp for samples of paper.
60/ Pen— A business pen. Gross $1.00, 1 gross --
Wedding Paper— Finest penman-
K gross 25c, 1 dozen 12c
for
Envelopes —
iight Penholder — Cork tipped ship or drawing. Sheets are 21.x:!3.
100 fine bine by mail, postpaid -- $ .40
6 sheets by express $..50
Gillotfs No. 305 E. F. Pen— Used ist for business writing, fiourish-
-

100 fine white by mail, postpaid ... .40

1 holder 10c, 6 holders ^Oc, 12
largely for drawing purposes. Gross ;c.
1000 either kind, by express 1.50
$1.00, H gross 2.5c, 1 dozen 12c

can save you money. Cash must accompany all orders. Prices are too low to keep accounts.
We handle the best and
Remit by money orde

Address. ZANER <a BI^OSCR. COLVMBVS, OHIO.

(::^^i^73,ccd^<yyi..£^i^€i^^^'C€^c,^.'^krT-
I
^i^^^-ss^ri^.i^it'T^y ci^^z^ 75.cc^-£c<^z.£y'rd ...ci^^..^ ^^z^d^'Tzy^ .>^2^a^Z4^
^
I
 ^^^r^ud/n^d^(udfu^t/fr* ^
Instruction in the Commercial
Branches Should Be Practical
Students desire instruction in the commercial branches because they want to put their
training into practical use, as clerks, bookkeepers, stenographers, etc. Therefore, they
should be supplied with text books, which retlect accurately the customs and practices
of the business world. The SacUer- Ro-we Cotnm«i-cia.l Texts are
notably superior in this particular. An unprejudiced comparison with other books on
the commercial branches will reveal fully the superiority of the Sadler-Rowe texts.

The Jobbing ai\d Commission Set ^f C. et I. Bookkeeping illustrating the business of

^^=^:^=^^^^^^==^^^^^=^^^^^^^= a corporation, with several hundred supplementary
exercises in the opening and closing of corporation books is a complete set in itself, re-
quiring about six weeks to write up in the average course. It retiects the latest and
best practices in corporation accounting, and is full of practical ideas in the use of
special columns in the various books of original entry.

Another Edition of Richardson's Commercial Law i^now on press, being print

— ; ed from brand new plates.
The script forms were written by C. C. Lister, the well known penman. Several new
books are in course of preparation. For information, (iatalogue, price list, etc., address,

Sadler -^RoMre Coinpafxy

baLtTimore:, md.

DICTATION STUDIES OFFICE

PART
METHODS
III

Introduces the following up-to-date business

'TpHE average teacher of shorthand is
and accounting features, many of which are new
-*
tobook-keeping texts :

very particular about the outline

of work to be followed in learning the 1. The Loose Leaf Order System.
2. Three Ledgers — General, Sales. Purchase.
system, but when this is learned and 3. \ late and improved form of Ledger Ruling.
4. A division of the Merchandise .\ccount into its
the pupil is ready for speed practice, constituent elements.
he often sets the pupil adrift. 5. The preparation of Trading Statements.
His 6. A large use of columns in all books to classify
work is without definite plan. This is results.
7. Changes a copartnership to a corporation.
inconsistent. Work carefully planned 8. Issues and transfers stock and declares divi-
dends.
in advance is half done before begun. 9. Represents the Wholesale Lumber business as
This is just where Dictation Studies it is done.
10. Shows how to handle the accounts of traveling
will help both teacher and pupil, ccc men.
11. Gives a clear insight into the handling of freight
There is not a school of shorthand in claims.
the country using any one of the fol- 12. Gives the best discipline in computing bills for
lumber.
lowing systems Gregg, Graham, Benn
:

Pitman, Isaac Pitman and Munson, but There are many others just as important, but
should use it. these ought to suffice to show you it is a most
practical work, and it can be used in your work
Your correspondence concerning it at the proper point no matter what work you have
or anv of our books is solicited. used for preparation.
U'ri'/e for fitrther pai'ticiilars.

CHICAGO POWERS & LYONS NEWVORK

Cfi^'f-e-^rCt^^z.^r^ ct.-tz^ .75!t<-^^:^i^-^-7^^ _.e<>t^^ t^A^€Z.'->z^ yy.4:^%c^ /irr ^ C^L£.73.€Cd'^'>7U^^6^^€CcC'€^€t'£^^. I

 i

M mm
APR I Lr 1 9 O 5

^^^jMmmmMiwmm
PUBLISHED BY
ZANER&BLOSER
COLUMBUS . O.
fm

iiiiillifc^^
TEACHERS-UNPROFESSIONAL EDITION .jp^,,,!

lii!l|l!BllI||p
^rsK [
llliii!liiHllillliiiliiii\i\\iliMiililiiiiiiiniiliiii!iiy^^ ^j mmmmmiiiiiii
 f^^^Bud^i^M^i^/iu^iU?^ ^

LSTEMi^CTUAU

j
d^t^^^-T&^Tili^ii^C-^'^:/ ^Z^-TZ^ 7^CC^^-^C.d.^^lU^O^ .-'Ci^'C^ (iS^^^Z'-l*^^ /^£^?S^ ^'^h^ ^r?0'Z^'<^Z^Cutr>'7,^C'^r2^ C^^^Z^73,.44^ii.i^'7'l.£4i^S^3U't^^
j
 ^^^3Bui^/n^d^iif^iu^t^ ^
TEXTS t-
'-^
A
comprehen-
THAT MAKE EXPERTS A Business sive little Book
on Spelling, 1**0
pages of words
PATERSON
PHONOGRAPHY
No system
ity
of Shorthand equals this
one in the combination of simplic-
and high
can be mastered, us
with which it
eiticiency. The ease Speller.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
most frequently
seen in Imsiness
capability of high speed, and its correspondence.
legibility alike in slow an d rapid writing, make it the system Divided into lessons of tifty words each. Several
best suited to all grades c >f students— those who need shorthand lessons of words pronounced alike, but spelled
for a few vears. or those who seek the highest positions of the
profession! Tt the movement of longhand dilTerentlv. Just the thing for the school room.
neat. Bful.and easily formed. Priceof text. $2.00. Sample copy postpaid for 25 cents.
Stenograrhers.
For Reporters and Cor-
STYLE respondents. This book is to the stenographer Business Letter Writing
what the "Style Sheet " is to the compositor.
MANUAL It instructs and demonstrates, and is the thing
One and brightest little works on
of the neatest
needed to transform the ordi; nographer Commercial Correspondence. Unlike anything
into a first-class operator. It insj-ires thestude It to a higher coii- published. Write for sample pages. Single copy
ception of his prospective employment. It me .nsa better salary
sent postpaid for 50 cents.
to the graduate, and an enhanced reputation tc the college. The
schools using it as a regular text report as a direct result mucn
improved work and greater diligence on the part of students, Other Books Published
with a lightening of the teacher's task. The complete book is a
reproduction of actual typewriting— not imitation The com- are " Musse 1 ni a n '
s Practical Bookkeeping,"
plete index will be mailed to anyone o?i request, free. Price of "High School Bookkeeping," "Commercial
.text, ?1,125. Law," "Commercial Arithmetic."
BY THE PIANO METHOD, Teaches
TYPEWRITING the Art of Skillful Operation by
Try a Box of Masselman*s Perfection Pens.
.^ense of Location It can be used
with either lingleAble keyboard typewriters, and avoids PRICE TWENTY-FIVE CENTS,
the necessity of special editions for each style of machine,
keyboard charts are furnished with each book, showing the proper
method of fingering in a simple and direct manner. The lessons
are carefully graded and contain a number of original features
that aid materially in the rapid development of skill. Cloth
THE
bound, opens at end, printed on one side. Price of text, 60c.
Special Offer to Teachers: Three Books. Postpaid, $3.00
D. L. MUSSELMAN
PUB. CO.
H. GRAHAiVl PATERSON, QUINCV, ILLINOIS.
AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER
423 Rialto Building. Chicago, III.
^z ^

NEW COMMERCIALr PVBLrlCATIONS

IN the: WILLIAMS AND R o G e: R s s e: R I e: s
COMMERCIAL LAW NEW COMMERCIAL ARITHMETIC
By D CURTIS GANG AMD SAMUEL C. WILLIAMS By JOHN H. MOORE

Half Leather. 399 Pages, $100 Half Leather, 392 Pages, $1.00

This book marks a distinctively forward The wide introduction of this book into
step in the publication of commercial law commercial schools in all parts of the
texts. It is the work of a prominent lawyei- country, and its great po])ularity among
and of a successful teacher, which insures teachers of the subject, amply testify to its
the soundness of the subject matter, and superior merits. While comprehensive in
the correctness of the treatment. The its scope, it contains no complicated or
principles are clearly and fully stated, and obsolete subjects. It is modern in its
are illustrated by actual cases decided by methods and contains an abundance of
the courts. practical drills in business problems.

American Book Company

COMMERCIAL PUBLICATIONS DEPARTMENT
NEW YORK CINCINNATI CHICAGO

I i^^^*<S'-7'£^c*i^S'^^:/ £Z--?2-<:^ ^i^-^i^i.i-^.^'-T^ ..^:^>*^-^^ ^^L^tz^rt^ ^^2(:-«?*C' /^^ yr?'^.^^'?%^Ci''tr>%^c,0'^^ C7%^ 73A4.,d.<y>zu.4i^ C^^^^'Cc.'C^^itX'^-y^. \
 ^^^fS^u^^/n^d^^if/uoi/fr' ^
GOLrD, NOT GILrT
Our record heavy with good positions that
is
K. (L. draiie lUaiuial dratntng f^igl] 5cl]Ool
are to be filled, and now really good teachers
are waking up to the fact that more enterpris-
i£biciigo, 311inais
ing teachers than they have been enjoying, for
nearly a year, a largely increased salary, or
better working conditions, or both, bj^having
taken us at our word last spring.
February 14. 1905.
It should be very easy for you to decide. We
Mr. E. E. Gaylord.
make no charge unless you consider our service
Beverly. Mass. worth our commission. No enrollment fee.
Dear Mr. Gaylord No contingent expense. No risk.
have definitely decided to remain in Chicago. I
In view of the fact that I Mr. Whigam had many fine opportunities
while with us. He finally decided to decline
want thank you most heartily for your prompt, cordial and able assistance
to
a two-thousand-dollar position offered to him
in putting me in correspondence with school people when I had under consider- in the East, by one of our clients. Business,
ation a change in location. professional,and social ties of many years
The quality and standing of the schools to which you referred me, and the were too hard to break away from in Chicago,
where Mr. Whigam's splendid ability is highly
fact that they considered your introduction and recommendation all-sufficient,
appreciated.
prove conclusively that you have unsurpassed facilities for keeping in touch If you should enroll with us and prove to be
with the best positions in the country. worlhy^whelher a teacher of national fame or
Very few Agencies have really first-class positions to fill. Yours is an merely an honest, earnest, well-qualified be-*
ginner— we should work just as hard for you
exception to this rule, as all of the several openings with which you placed me
as we did for Mr. Whigam. " It is up to you."
in correspondence were of a high grade, and offered remarkably good salaries See u the E. C. T. A. Co Ne
to start with —
facts, not promises. Your charges are very reasonable, and York.

teachers who are looking for positions of a superior character should certainly The National
register with your Agency. Very truly yours. Commercial Teachers*
Agency
A specialty by a Specialist.

Prospect Hill Beverly, Mass.

E. E. GAYLORD. Manager

"SO EASY!"
Say all Teachers of Shorthand who have Used the New Book, LEARN ESPERANTO
The Phonographic Amanuensis, The New Universal Language
A Presentation of Pitman Phonography. More
Especially Adapted to the Use of Business and
Other Schools Devoted to the Instruction and Esperanto is not an idle dream of a Utopian
Training of Shorthand An dreamer. It is an acknowledged solution of an
acknowledged need.
By JEROME B. HOWARD. I am teaching it by correspondence. Some desire
With a Prefatory Note by BENN PITMAN. to learn it for the mental training and discipline it
affords, others because thej- recognize its worth, and
desire to be in on the ground floor.
There are over 200,000 students in all parts of the
easy to teach, and intensely interesting to the pu-
It is simple, legible, world. You can correspond with persons of any
pil. Hozuani &r>Braivn, Proprietors Rockland {Me.} Comtnerciai College.
nationality. Some desire to form classes and study
The Amanuensis has made the Benn Pitman system the easiest and
it for amusement and as an agreeable relaxation.
shortest system in the world to-day. F. L. Bro-wn, Principal Greenfield
( Ohio) Business College. Esperanto is extremely flexible — w-ith it you can
How I wish I could have had such a book when I commenced the express any idea or shade of thought.
study of shorthand It would have made easy many a difficult lesson.
!
Commercial teachers .should understand it, for it
Albert Hosbach, Philadelphia.
is in the line of commerce that an international
It will render shorthand easier, both to the teacher and the student.—
Sister Salome, St. Teresa s Academy, East St. Louis, III.
language will prove especially valuable. Esperanto
The dullest pupil will find it easy to comprehend its meaning. J, P. has already been introduced into some European
\certificaied teacher^. Manager New Era Business College, Su- business houses in answer to a growing need. I am
in confident that there will be a growing recognition of
its value until a working knowledge of the language
will be a valuable asset to any young man or woman.
The gradation of th such that they can be quickly and
easily understood as t lessons progress. Austin W. Cutright, Mil- Siieciitl rule.'i lor Chihs.
Write me about it— I will reply in Esperanto
The very arrangement of the lessons, making the stud
attractive with a key translation.
easy, will render your book indispensable to the student of shorthan The simplicity of Esperanto and the ease of
Thomas E. Jenkins, The Students' Institute, Philadelphia.
acquiring it are its chief points of value.
Hundreds of others.
All questions of students are carefully answered
Cloth, $i.oo. £xaTnination copy will be sent for forty cents to and personal attention is given to every inquiry.
teacher who will write mentioning the school with which he
connected, and the name of the text-book he is now using.
2th street-
E. L. liOBINSON, ;i02 S. I

(,>uincy. III.

The Phonographic Institute Co.,

I C^^^V.^'^rCi^O-t'-T^ £2^?Z-<5^ '^^i.c^-^t.^z.^.'Tzf ^ci^t,^S ^^^l^dy^n^ ^T^yC^t^ ^

C%«. /S<«.i*i»iAA/(£ai«-c«t^«Tr|
 f^^^ud^neiL^/^(/iu:aii^ ^

A SCHOOL of YOUR OWN?

V'V^ANY teachers contemplate purchasing or establishing commercial schools next season, and
^ I ^such teachers we tender our services. Through our extensive correspondence with
to
schools and teachers in all parts of the country, we are kept well informed about prom-
ising locations for new schools. We can point to many schools which have been established in
certain locations through our advice and all of them successful. —

The Te^kcher's Opportunity

GfegS Shorthand presents a great opportunity to enterprising and energetic teachers.
It is a " winning issue " with any commercial school that is properly conducted, and therein
lies the secret of its great popularity with the teachers and school propri-
etors wherever it is taught.
The adoption of Gregg Shorthand in a new school is especially im-
portant because
1. The principles on which the system
is based appeal with irresist-

based on the natural elements

able force to any intelligent inquirer — it is

of longhand writing to which the hand has been accustomed from child-
hood, free from shading and position writing. All these are " good talking
—
points" because they are natural and rational.
2. On the practical side, the system can present an array of evi-
dence that is absolutely convincing. It is U) /-to date, and, although recently
introduced, is used in more schools than are teaching all
other systems. If the FACT8 are placed before an in-
quirer, it is impossible for anyone to induce him to study
one of the old-time systems.
3. The results accomplished in the first season, the
enthusiasm of the students, the well qualified graduates
Rational
WHO CAN READ THEIR NOTES, lead to a large in-
crease in the enrollments for the succeeding season. typewriting

Openings for New Schools

There are still a few cities where Gregg Shorthand is S«GI£ KEYBOAH) EDmON

not taught, chiefly because the old schools in these cities

have not yet been brought into competition with the sys-
tem, and believe that such a condition of things will con-
tinue. Wherever this is the case, there is a favorable
opening for a school making a specialty of Gregg Shorthand.

CORI^ESPONDENCE INVITED
If you are interested, write us fully and frankly your —
letters will be treated as strictly confidential. Remember, our offer of free instruction by corre-
spondence is still open to commercial teachers.

the: ORGGG PVBLrlSHINO CO. - CHICAGO

I C^;^^'i/-£.''r£c*i.£,.Txf a^-Tz^ T^cc.^-^t-ci.-'h.^..'-^ ^a*^..^ l^-^Kiy-T^^ ,^^y.<n<^ c;^4.A/i«<i<Wz<i«^pfZct;«.-€;*z^ir:r I

 ^^^^ud/u^d4/^/iu^iX^ ^
A Munson Court Reporter's Tribute to
THE ISAAC PITMAN SHORTHAND
CITY COURT OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK
February 23rd, i905.
Messrs. Isaac Pitman Sons, &
31 Union Square, City.
Dear Sirs: Although have been writing professionally, Munson's System of Phonography for
I

twenty-five years as a means of "keeping the wcif from the d or," and, while its utilization for
such a long period would very naturally prejudice me in its favor, nevertheless, truth compels the
acknowledgment that there are other systems of shorthand extant in the land, and that a recent
critical and exhaustive examination of your Complete Shorthand Instructor (20th Century Edition),
has revealed to me its many excellencies of which had heretofore but a hazy conception. Its sim-
I

plicity is admirable, its legibility remarkable, its adaptability to foreign languages marvellous; and
the celerity and accuracy with which some of my professional brethren write it, is astonishing. As
a system, its completeness certainly commands my sincere admiration.
If had ten boys, no matter in what commercial line they embarked or what professional path
I

they elect to tread, should insist that each and every one of them be proficient in the art of
I

Phonography, not only for its utility but also as an accomplishment.

Yours very truly,
(Signed) JOHN R. POTTS,
Official Stenographer.

FOVRTH EDITION SECOND EDITION Revisea and Enlai-gea

Compiled by Robert A. Kells
Containing an up-to-date col-
A PRACTICAL COURSE IN
lection ofgenuine letters cover-
ing Fifty Distinct Lines of
Business - Legal Forms, and a
judicious selection of practice-
TOUCH TYPEWRITING
matter for .general dictation.
Also chapters on Spelling, A Scientific Method of Mastering
Punctuation, Capitalization,
and Short Practical Talks with the Key-board by the sense of Touch
the Amanuensis. This work has
been adopted by hundreds of By CHARLES E. SMITH
progressive schools, without ref-
erence to the system of Short-
hand taught.
SPECIAL rSATVRES:
LEGAL F~ORMS Hn invariable system of fin^erinS arranSecl
The portion of the work de- alonS the line of least resistance.
voted to Legal Forms has been
specially written bv Henry \V. Gives absoitite command of every key.
Thorne, Counselor-at-Law and Charts and diagrams in five colors.
Official Stenographer, Jolins- Words not arranged in the haclineyed alpha-
town, N. Y., and contains chapters on the following subjects:
Introduction: Class I.— Miscellaneous Legal Documents: Class betical order.
11— Legal Papers in Actions; Class II L Law Stenographer's
Transcripts, Etc.
"It is one of the best books I have ever seen. Every short- "lam delighted with 'A Practical Course in Touch
hand teacher and student should have one." Typewriting.' It is the best I have ever seen. A close ex-
—/. X. Sprouse, The Xeir Fresno (Cal.) Business College. amination will reveal the wonderfuUv painstaking work
in the selection of practice material. There is no waste of
"I like the 'Twentieth Century Dictation Book' very energy on the part of the pupil or teacher; everv exercise
much indeed. It seems to be the best work so far produced and every word has a specific purpose; and the'learner is
of its kind,and I have the pleasure in herewith enclosing you conducted by the shortest and most expeditious route
an introductory order for the same " possible to a high standard of proficiencv. The unique
— diaries N. ?Iiller, Miller School, A'eir York. arrangements of the lessons enables a teacher to handle
about twice the number of pupils, and with far more sat-
Boards and Cloth Back, 272 pp ,^5 cents; Cloth, $1.00. isfactory results. It is impossible to e.xpiate too forcibly
on the merits of this work, and I predict for it a very wide
adoption."—^. M. Kennedy, Central Business Cdllesre.
Ltd.. Toronto, Ont.

iend for copy of PITMAN'S JOVRNAL, the Offit Ot-^an of tHe Isaac Pitr Shorthand.

ISAAC PITMAN <a SONS, ^.Xt^ZJVJ'.Z

Publishers of Isaac Pitman's Shorthand Instructor." $1 50 Exclnsireh' adopted by the High Schools
of Greater Ne»' York.

I C^:€'''Z^^.''r€€^d,£y^^ cz^-^z^ ,Stc<^*iS:<:i';4-.o7^ -.^<>t:<^ l^^i^cz^^n^^ y7^,.{?-vC' C/^lU. 7a~<.4,d.iy>Z.4,d^6l^^^:t4,,C^C€R''t€r7^

I
 Professional Edition, $1.00 a Year.
COLUMBUS, O., APRIL, 1905. Penmanship Edition, 65 cents a Ye

THE BUSINESS EDUCATOIi. Cbc Doom of the Uertical and ordained, its doom sealed, its birth
a miscarriage. Medial slant, if not •

tbc Dawn of the Tree. founded upon common sense instruc-

tion and movement, is not even medi-
Published Monthly (except July and August), by Vertical ha.s gone in .some places, ocre, and school boards should not
Zaner & Bloser, 118 N. High St.. Columbus, O., as is going' in others, and must go in all be deceived by monied men with
follows: Teachers' Professional Edition. $1.00 a books for sale.'
Year (Foreign Subscriptions 30 cents extra) Stud- soon or late. Its merits we need not
All form is failure all movement
;

ents' Penmanship Edition. 65 cents a year. (Foreign now discuss, nor its demerits, for it is failure.
;

Form and movement must

Subscriptions 20 cents extra).
possessed both. go hand in hand or go the way of
C. P. Zaner. Columbus, O. - - - Editoi Its fate was sealed from the very slant or vertical.
E. E. Gaylord. Beverly. Mass. - .'Associate Editor time it was taught by the same draw-
E W. Bloser. Columbiis, O. - Business Manager Slant in writing is secondary form ;

Address all communica 3ns to Zaner & Blosei

ing process which characterized its and movement are first and primary.
Columbus, O., except tho relating to the depari slanting predecessor. We long since Be sure you do not build on the wrong
ments, which may be sent Mr. Gaylord. pointed outi that if it could survive foundation. ^Mistake not the minor
thel methods employed in its teach- (slant) for the major (form and
Two Editions. The Business Educator is
movement).
published in two editions: The Teachers' Profes- ing, it would deserve to live forever.
sional Edition contains 48 or more pages. 16 of Whether the system is clothed in a
which are conducted on the Department plan and And the same fate awaits any sys- copy book, a practice book, a pad, a
specially suited to the needs of teachers, principals, tem, no matter what the slant, that manual, or a guide is of less import-
and proprietors. Colored title page. Price $1.00 a
year.
follows in the old, old foot steps of ance than whether it is based upon
The Students' Penmanship Edition contains 32 form, form without movement to sz?/ifi/e, plain practical forms, and
,

pages and is the same as the Professional Edition, free, easy, arm moi'cments. These are
less the sixteen pages devoted to the Departments
match. It is not mere copy books
of Commercial "reaching. This edition is specially (defective as they have been) nor the real essentials. Let not the Quix-
suited to students in Commercial. Public and
vertical or slant (important as their otic cry of "copybooks," "vertical,"
Private schools, and contains all of the Penmanship, "medial,"
Engrossing, Pen Art, and Lesson features in the differences are), that have caused the
"slant," "muscular,"
Professional Edition. Price 65 cents a year. deceive you. They are but the cloak
pendulum toswing from one failure of shallow, shrewd people who have
Change of Address, If you change your ad- to another; it is due to three main something to sell.
dress, be sure to notify us promptly (in advaifce, if causes or reasons: the system
possible), and be careful to give the old as well as
First see that has
the new address. We
lose many papers each issue First, they have been requiring too method or madness for its theory.
through negligence on the part of subscribers. much writing of children who are too Second, see whether the forms are
Back Numbers cannot, as a rule, be supplied. simple and rapid, or comple.x and
Postmasters are not allowed to forward journals immature to learn or write correctly.
unless postage sent to them for that purpose. slow. Third, see whether the plan of
is Excessive finger movement, gripping
presenting form and movement is
The Business Educator is devoted to the pro- the pen and crippling the muscles, logical, practical, and such as can be
gressive and practical interests of Business Educa- and unhealthy positions have been taught under average conditions.
tion and Penmanship. A journal whose mission is
to dignify, popularize, and improve the world's
the logical and inevitable results. Well balanced, logically constructed,
newest- and neediest education. It purposes to Second, they have been teaching progressively arranged,' practical sys-
inspire and instruct both pupil and teacher, and to tems of writing are not found in
further the interests of those engaged in the work,
either a style too complex for ease
in private as well as in public institutions of busi- and 'rapid execution, or a style too every book shop, nor created in a day
ness educ-;*''"- print-like and slow for ease and with a mixture of movement and aim-
Advertising Rates furnished upon application. rapidity.
lessmeandering among spirals, pot-
The Business Educator being the highest grade hooks and whirigigs.
class, is purchased and read by the F'.Third, they have been teaching Good writing plain, easy, and
is
journal of its
most intelligent and well-to-do among those inter- form, form, form, and neglecting the rapid. A
good system of writing is
ested in business education and penmanship, in the other essential of good writing, move-
United States, Canada, England, and nearly every one that is well balanced, logically
country on the globe. It circulates, not alone among ment, movement, movement. arranged, and practically presented
business college proprietors, teachers, and pupils, so that a good hand may be easily
but also among principals of commercial depart-
Until less writing is required of
ments of High Schools, Colleges and Religious children, until simple, plain, rapid taught and acquired. It must be
Schools, as well as among office workers, home flexible enough to meet the needs of
students, etc.
forms are adopted, and until form
child or adult, public school or busi-
Rates to I'eachers, Agents, and Club and movement are taught simultan- ness college conditions.
l^aisers sent upon application. Write for them eously, especially in grammar and Success awaits those who or that
whether you are in a position to send few or many high schools, the penmanship pendu-
subscriptions. Sample copies furnished to secure which can measure tip to this, stan-
subscriptions. lum will continue to swing from ex- dard. Failure, soon or late, awaits
Considering that The Business Educator is
high grade in every particular; that progressive,
treme to extreme past the golden the rest.
practical lessons in penmanship are a distinctive mean. The Business Educator needs
feature of the magazine; that departments of inter-
Medial slant is the latest panacea your aid in the crusade for better
est and helpfulness in subjects relating to Business
Education are found only in The Business Edu- for poor penmanship, but if it is not
penmanship in the public schools as
cator, you will readily see that it is not only well as in business colleges. You
the best but the cheapest, when quality, character
backed by common sense instruction know our platform. Let us have your
and quantity are considered. and movement, its death ^is fore- cooperation.
 ^^^^ud/n^d^^/iu^Uir* ^
PROGRESSIVE
LESSONS IN 23u5ine55 Penmansl^ip
Supervisor of Writ- Work for criticism
ing in the Beverly, should be mailed
Q)
/X/ -^ ^\ to Mr. Doner by
Mass., Public
Schools.

Ucrv Important-
From some who are following this course and who send me their specimens for criticism I have not as yet received the two sheets
of specimens that I asked for in the February number. Please attend to this immediately. Go to the February number and see what
I asked for, and ^et the work up in good shape and mail it to me without delay.
This month we begin work on the capitals. If you feel that your movement is slow and unsteady go back to the March number and
practice thoroly on the exercises. In fact, preceding each day's practice you ought to work awhile on movement exercises. I call it some-
times " getting up steam.'' Get up about 100 lbs. of it, and then something must go. To write a good, smooth, rapid business hand, you
must have plenty of movement in the right arm. Of course it must be under your control, else it does you little good.
Let me urge you again to be careful how you sit at your desk. The best position means the best results. I would place the feet flat
on the floor and about 12 or 15 inches apart. Both arms should rest on the edge of the desk, the bone of the elbow extending about one inch
off the edge The left hand holding the paper may be placed a little below the right hand or a little above it. Place the forefinger i>f the
right hand on the holder where the pen goes in. then draw the thumb upon the holder (the end of it being on the holder) so that there is
a distance of about ^4 of an inch from the end of the forefinger to the end of the thumb. Draw the little finger and third finger well under
the hand so that they may glide freely on the nails. The wrist should be nearly ievel, and holder pointing over the right shoulder or a
little to the right of it. Work in this position, and good results will be obtained. Don't forget our motto: " I Can and I Will."

Plate 42. Practice thoroughly on the first line, then see how well you can apply the movement in making the capitals. Make these
capitals with a free dashy movement — the movement being mostly circular.

Plate 43. This is a good plate to establish a continuous movement in joining exercises and letters. I have given three styles of _B,
1(1 two styles of C— take your pick.
 fS^^Bud^i^y^dfu^UfT ^
Platft 44. Now tr hand on word practice, using the capital letters. The sentence on the last line ought to receive good solid
practice.

Plate 45, We are now ready to begin to practice on exercises which help to make the first part of N, M, etc. Practice thoroughly on
these exersises, then work hard on the capitals. Another style of //, A' and IT will appear on another plate.

Plate 46. Give this plate your best efforts. See how well you can write these words and sentences with a free, light movement.
Study the copy, then practice, then study the copy a^ain, and so on.

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 f^^^u^/nedA^dfu^i^ ^
Plate 47. You see we do not neglect the figures. Try them in block for ay. Try to write figures in perfectly vertical
columns — you ought to be able to do this.

o / 7-3 A^3~ ^ y {f y o
7^3 ^^ ^ y f y o / ^3 ^^6 y f y o
^ ^^ C 7 f (^ o / ->-
^^^/^yfya / 7- 3 ^^^ y f y o / i^ 7-^

^^ C y f f o / '^3 V^^ yfyo / >3 //^.-^ C y tf y o / 7- 3

^ ^ y d^ f o / j-^ ^-^ ^ C' y (f y o '/ 7-3 i-A --^/ y f7 O / 7-3 - -

^ y fy o / '^s ^^' C y (f y o / 7^vi? ^A^' /y f y O / 2-3 ^33

7fy o / ^yj ^/jy A y S y o / 7- 3 A^3~ ^
fy o / %3 ^^^ y f (/ o / ^3 ^^ y t, o"y o / 7-3 ^/3r ^ 7
y o / 7^3 ^^ ^ y f y o / 2-3 ^^^ y 6>
/' --/ £7 / 2-3 A^^3' 6 / f
eritieisms.
E. W., N. J. In your last lot of work the line seems hea vy. Yo loveineiit seei: a little veak e small letter exercises, i

Figures are fine. Keep your work up in good shape.

C. B. T., R. I. Very glad to get your work. Send me as much next month. I suggest that you practice thoroughly veiiient
exercises. Study the copy closely and practice thoughtfully.
H. B. L., N. J. Do not make second part of small n higher than first part. Your movement seems good, but I suggest that you pay
some attention to each individual letter, and try to make it more accurate. Come again with a lot more practice.
J. S., Minn. Use a little heavier paper. I see some improvement in your work. Study each individual letter closely. Come again.
D. H. S., Mass. Do vou hold both nibs of the pen level? I don't think you do. Your pen don't seem to glide lightly and freely over
the paper, but seems to drag. Am I right? Keep on — you are improving.
T. C. S.,Tex. Glad to get your work. You do quite well. Each Individual letter ought to receive j'our careful attention. Notice
littlethings. Practice thoughtfully.
H. G. R., Md. You still keep your writing up nicely. The second part of o and third part of in is not made quite Hght — seems a little
high, and downward stroke too short. Small rin the word ravine you ought to make belter.
N. W. R., N. Y. Yes. index finger should be at end of penholder. Some of the downward strokes are a little too heavy. Notice care-
fully last downward stroke in n and m.
E. P., Pa. Your work is good tor this month. Yes, a certain amount of practice on movement designs is beneficial, if it is done so as
to get a good movement and well under control. Make me a few.
S. A. P., R. I. Your work pleases me for this month. I would suggest that you keep working on movement exercises so as to get a
good usable, controllable movement.
P. R. K., Ohio. Glad to get your work. Don't send it all bunched up — send it in good form. Practice movement study form closely ;

practice thoughtfully.
J. Sorry you have been sick. Hope you may be able to send some good work next month.
E. H., Mo.
C. F. G., Kan. I like your work. I think you are a careful, industrious pupil. Let me encourage you to keep right on. Make a real
good penman out of yourself — you will never regret it.
C. A. G., Kan. I like your work, too. But it is not quite as good as your brother's. However, don't let that discourage yon. Practice
more on movement exercises, then try to write and make figures with a free movement.
M. N. F., la. Some of the small letters you make too large — keep your writing unifor Better practice more on movement.
L. B. D., R. I. Y'ou have sent me a nice lot of work. It pleases me, too. Some ending strokes in words you curve too much to the
left. Make all downward strokes straight to the line. Y'our February work is fine.

W. D., la. Glad to get your work. Put more time on small letters, using a free easy sment. Exercises aade well. Come
again.
O. C. D., Nd. You ought to get the certificate by June if you keep up with good, hard practice. Work for a good usable movement.
Practice more on small letters.
L. C, Ind. Ter. You seem to have a good movement. Small letters are a-little large. Spacing in n's and hj's is too wide. Small r
ought to be made better. Come again.
S O. C.,Ia. Yes, send more work. I don't think you slant your writing too much. What you need is plenty of good solid, thought-
ful practice — the more the better. Don't let yourself feel discouraged. Think of our motto: "I Can and I Will."
S. M. C, Mass. Glad to get your work. Is it your purpose to write rather large? If not, I would suggest that you reduce it a little.
Y'ou have a good movement. Work more for accuracy. Send more work next tinie.
O. C. C, Mo. You are starting out nicely. Give more time to movement, and try to get it under your control. Keep at it and send
me more work.
C. S. C, Ohio. My dear boy, you write too he vy. You must learn to get a light, free It Yc»ur pen has a heavy touch on
i

paper. I think you ought to use a finer pen.

H. C. B., Pa. Am glad to get your work. Y'ou have done ith the February lesson. Keep your exercises and writing on the
same slant. Come again with more work.
Following from Elliott's Business School, Wheeling, W. Va J. F. Caskey, teacher of Penmanship:
,

C. T. A. Give more attention to figure 4 and small a. You seem to have a good swing to your writing — the line is smooth and clear.
M. B. I can see a great improvement in your work. You get a line that is professional in character. Keep the good work up.
R. r. W. In word writing keep all letters connected. You get too much of a hook in some ending strokes. Do not pull ending stroke
below line in figure li. Your work shows improvement.
J. D. P. You need all the practice you can do. Your movement is not yet nicely under your control, is it? I would make loops above
the line a little shorter.
M. H. Glad to get your work. It might be better, but vet it shows that you are on the right road. Practice as much as you can so
as to bring your work up in good shape. Sometime watch Myra Birkenhauer to see how it is done.
J. C. F. Your February work is fine. You are getting more of a professional swing to your writing. I am glad to see it— keep on.
 *^^^u^UneU^4uaiifir' ^
Scrmoncts or Supplementary Copies by Francis B. Courtney, eomment by £. P. Zaner.

-t>-z>i^^i^'C:^C'^>z.^

^-^C'CZ-'/i.^ -2i;^^^i<::^:?-^^^

A^ou-isthe only time tliat is real. A'otristlie time to do tliitij,^?. A'o time t.) begin right. A'oir is the time to form
the habit of doing things well. Now is the day of salvation in material as /ell as n spiritual matters. To-morrow never arrives,
Do your best to-day atid it will become a habit and second nature. Write :ell.or at least make'an honest, careful effort to do so
^

in all your writing, and good writing is yours ere you are aware of it.

" Apply in your own handwriting" is only a clever, business-like way of finding what you can-do without the bother of read-
ing. The writing shows at a glance whether you care more for your time or his, and whether you are as competent as you
pretend. If the clothes bespeak the man, surelj' a handwriting does also. The former any one can have who has the price or an
indulgent, well-to-do parent the latter belongs only to those ,who>arn it by their own efforts. The former soon wears out, the
;

latter lasts during life.

^2-5z:S^l<^'^02;^;^7-z:^i<?^--5?^

'U^t..<£y/^,

'i^'^L-^-'C^f^^ ^i<#^-??'-<^l,g.^2'Z.-<:-'^^^;^<?-z-^-<^>'^i;^^ ^i'^C^i-

-z^£z.yL-ey

some one tiling^ are in demand not " jack of all trades and masters of none." People who can do something well
Masters of ;

are educated more practically than are those who know a little of everything and wlio are unable to do much of anything.
Kducation nowadays means able to do, as well as able to know. Knowledge applied is true worth. Head and hand co-operation
accomplishes that which is impossible by either alone. Writing is a mental and manual art, therefore doubly valuable and
desirable.
 f^^f3Bu^i/n^ii^&/iu^iifr^ ^
r~

iessonss in Practical EDriting

PAWTUCKET, K. I. Students' Speci-
iiieus criticised
Kinyun's
tliroiigii tlie
Cniiiiiiercial
B. E.
School.

DEAR READERS AND WORKERS:

It is witli great pleasure that I submit these lessons tr ou throui;h the columr 5 of The Business Educator, and I sincerely
trust and hope that they may meet with your approval an. lelp yon to aciiciire a ood handwriting. Acquisition in penmanship,
:

or in fact, any other art, may be acquired by careful trainir in three particular line Work! Study! Steadiness! If we leave even
,.

one of these out, how certain will be our failure.

IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS WRITING.
Never was good business writing more demand than at the present time. If you are a student at school, your position is
i

based to a large extent on your hand-writing If you are a teacher in penmanship, your Principal will soon become dissatisfied if
your writing is below the average, and there a failure to improve. It certainly will not come by mere wish alone, or by practic-

:one month steadily, and by being busy h something else for the next two.
These lessons are carefully graded and, in order to get the best results, should be followed minutely. Care should be taken in
reading the instructions, for that is part of the lesson.
NEW IDEAS.
advance new ideas. The President of one of our well known colleges upon being asked why he always wrote out each
I will
lesson carefully day after day to each new class, made the reply. "That he did not believe in quenching the thirst of his students
on stagnant pools." Make up your mind to do a thing and leave no stone upturned until you acquire it.
ACCURACY.
Accuracy in penmanship requires attention, Hold the mind persistently to the acquisition of good vriting. It is a state of the
ill, the result of many repeated acts. Accuracy in penmanship involves a training of high value.
WRITING ?IATERIAL.
Begin with good paper; good pen; good ink; a good paper costs more than poor but it is indispensable. It should be tolerably
thick, well laid with a smooth surface, and moderately glazed so that the ink will not show through when dry. The pen should be
fine pointed and have springy nibs, so that the writing may not be rendered stiff; the esult inevitably following the use of a hard
pen. The ink should be black and flow easily. Wipe the pen after using.
FOUNDATION
Acquire a good foundation. Apply j-ourself diligently to the training of your n .iscles. Fingers are used to hold the pen.
Some use them to scribble.
Specimens, eriticisms, and eertificate.
I wish to help as many young men and women as possible, and am therefore willing to critic ;e through the cohinins of THE
Business Educator, free of charge, work sent to me for inspection, criticism, comment, and e couras^inent. Such specimens
should be sent to me by the 5th of each month. These specimens are not returned unless accompa ied by postage.
Upon beginning practice from these lessons, send to the editor, Mr. C. P. Zarier, Columbus, ()., in your best hand, a set each of
figures, small letters, and capitals, and the following: This is a specimen of my penmanship th — day of — 1905. Sign name and 3

give address.
To all who thus follow the instructions given and make sufficient improvement, the Certificate of Proficiency offered by THE
Business Educator will be awarded.
Plate l. Practice exercises in plates 1 and 2 twenty minutes each, continuing until you can make them easily and lightly.
Watch position carefully. These exercises should be practiced throughout the series twenty minutes before starting the lesson. A
word to the wise is sufficient. Let the arm roll in and out of the sleeve see that the sleeve does not move back and forth on
the desk.
 f^^^ud/n^U^^if/iu^i^/fr ^

Plate 3. The most of llie small letters you will find, if you examine them, are based on the four principles /. C. inward cur
O. C. outward curve; S straij^lit stroke; li base. Practice each exercise thorouKlily until you can make them easily and evenly.

P/a/-/' III

Plate 4. Practice oval exercises carefully for about twenty minutes. Don't slight these exercises. Practice them diligently
getting up and down strokes on right slant. We now have the bmall i and u. Notice that they are formed by the I. C. and .S
Strokes. Keep at it until you get good ones.
 ^^^^u4/n^d^(^/iu^i^fr ^
Plate 5. Do not try this unless you have given the previous lessons due practice. Try the push movement for about twenty
minutes, then start the n- same as u with an extra stroke named retrace. In making this retrace, bring pen directly back. Small
ni and n on principle repeated three times and i. c. In trying three m's together, remember the first stroke governs the rest, and
get all the others on the same slant. Look at a letter steadily until you can close your eyes and imagine you can see the correct
form. Remember, you must have a correct idea of a letter in your mind before you can produce it on paper.

-/^/^^

eriticisms by Ul. n. Currier, Kennebunkport, maine, to_ Ulbom Specimens may be Sent.
E. E. W., X. J.— You are certainly doing very nice work and progressing rapidly. The small k is not quite right yet.

L. R. N., Mont.— I like your practice this time. It shows a stronger movement. Would suggest, however, that you increase
the size of minimum letters.

C. H. I., you are improving steadily. Always aim to get a bold, free line. I think a coarser pen would be better.
N. J.— Yes,

F. W. W., You have improved greatly. Work hard on the movement in order to write more freely and larger.
Pa. —

E. J. M. C, N. J.— Your work is first-class.

Try to make capitals a trifle smaller and have small letters more uniform in size.
E. B. S., Pa.— Glad to see you have improved so much. More big movement drills will help to make your writing more free.
Don't lift pen in going from one letter to another.

J. P. G., Mass.— Your copies are among the best I have received this month. Watch ending strokes. Why not try for a certificate ?

T. la.— I surmise you wrote this lesson with a poor pen as the lines are ragged.
J. S.,
Practice movement exercises more.
Plate No. 40 in Mr. Doner's course would be first-class.
ir work is very good, indeed, and I am pleased to get it. Keep up your practice and you can soon become a

BY HAZEI. WITMER, PUPII., COJIL. DEPT. HIGH SCHOOL, LOCKPORT, N. Y., C. B. JONES, PENMAN.

BY ED. LYNCH, PUPIL, COflL. DEPT. HIGH SCHOOL, LOCKPORT, N. Y., G. B. JONES, PENMAN.
 (Ebc tDinntiu3 of a ^aiv f}anb
SEKTAL l\ TEX
A SCRIPT SEKIAL TE^ NTMBERS.

Si>L'in FKA?ii,\(n[A?i, Ma>

Body-writing.
Bod V- writing consists of sentence- and paraKrHplis consecutively arranged so as to form a compactly w rill en p.-iue- l!ody-\\ rilini;
tests the writer's ability to a Kteater decree than -ingle word — or small and capital letter— writing. In practicini; np^m the copy >!i^ en.
write all of it and then take a bird's-eye view of it. Compare your work with the copy. Notice whether you have too light or heavy lines.
 9^^^ud/nedA^^/iua/ir' ^
Cettcr Olritina Though the path was steep and very rough
And the briers were thick entwined.
It -was not so bad as others thought.
The one who said "letter writing
For I did not look behind.
is a lost art" stated a truth and a
falsehood at one and the same time.
When at last I reached the very top,
What a garden met my eyes,
The old style of letter writing is a Itwas filled with all the sweetest flowers —
lost art, inasmuch as it is now rarely Was
it not a worthy prize?

employed. The new style of letter Did I take them all? Oh no, dear friend.
writing is as much used as was ever They are blooming there in scores,
little which, as both are alike in 'Though they grow not by the lower lane,
the old, and I dare say a hundred demand. If you'll climb the bank they're yours.
times as much, and it is by no means Learn to write well, and you will W. A. BAGBY.
lost or artless. then realize more fully than I can Klau, California.
The ability to write letters is a now convince you of the value of
modern passport to prominence, as letter writing, and of the liveness of Good Chinas.
the one who can write or dictate the art. The art of writing letters is
letters is the one who soon finds him- a lost, dead art only with people who
self or herself in positions of trust are lost to present needs and dead to Like the boy who cried because his
and responsibility far ahead of the present demands. capacity was not equal to all of the
one who can only transcribe them. pie and other good things offered him
More positions are lost because of at his grandmother's table, so we
poor letter writing and more positions Cbe 6. e. C. n. meeting. felt almost as badly when we discov-
are won because of good letter writ- ered that this number of The Busi-
ing than the world knows of. The next annual meeting of the Eastern ness Educator could not contain the
More goods are sold by the man Conimercial Teachers' Association, to l>e many good things we had all "cooked
versed in straightforward, unmistak- held at Easter time. April 20-22. in tlie New and dried" ready to print in it.
able, convincing, to-the-point English York University Scliool of Commerce, Ac- But you must have patience and
than you or I can calculate. And counts and Finance, 33 Waverly Place, near wait. Digest the many intellectual
Wastiington Square, New York City, prom- and skillful things given in this
more goods are unsold because of ises to be a distinct success.
poor letters than you or 1 imagine. The program as published indicates an number, and then "lay" for the
Of all institutions that should intellectual as well as a good time. Al- dessert whenit comesthe secondtime.
teach this art, the business school is though there are but two Sections in name If we mistake not, it will be above the
the one. And it excels all others in — Business and Shorthand - yet by the good common average of our output. You
this particular, too. But this as yet sense and courtesy of the former section, now know about what to expect.
means but little, as the average nor- Penmanship is given a very creditable May your appetite be not disap-
showing. And we doubt not but that the pointed.
mal school, college, and university hour assigned to penmen will be filled to
gives practically nothing in this need- overflowing with enthusiastic ideas upon
ful line of expression. the subject of writing. Partial Contents of the Ceaebers' Pro^^
The time is here for the business We regret that the shorthand section has Sessional Edition.
school to drill its students daily in not seen fit to have the subject touched
this art, and do the work as thor- upon in their program, and that penman- Associ.^TE Editor's Page.
oughly as possible. ship finds no recognition in tlie General
Meetings. Why not divitie the time more CoMMERCi.\L Geography, by Frank
The young man and woman who equally l:)etween bookkeeping, shorthand,
wishes to secure a large measure of O. Carpenter, Boston.
penmanship and typewriting? Either that
success with the least effort and in or organize a Penmanship Section. CoMMERCi.AL L.\w, W. H. Whigam,
the least time will do well to learn We are in favor of united meetings pro- Chicago.
the art of writing letters such as vided all subjects are given equal attention.
secure contracts, sell goods, or ex- Penmen need to know something of Book- Business Practice, Associate Editor,
plain facts and express opinions in keeping and Shorthand Business teachers
;
F. G. Allen, and A. W. Holmes.
unmistakable, polite language. need to knowsomethingof Penmanship and
You will do well, also, to give Sliortliand; and Shorthand teachers need Arithmetic, E. E. Kent, Commercial
to know something about Penmanship and Dept., High School, Springfield,
attention to politeness in letter writ- accounting. In the general meetings this IMass.
ing as well as in speech and manners, trinity of subjects can be given in a manner
as it is necessary now and then to that will be of interest and profit to all. The Business Correspondence, Sher-
handle disagreeable facts in such strongest, broadest, most progressive men win Cody, Chicago.
manner as to keep your correspond- need to be selected for such program work,
ent in an unruffled mood. In other and such an audience will be sure to draw Typewriting, by Miss Stella Smith,
out the best in the various lines. Simmons College, Boston.
words, you must know how to sugar- We sincerely hope that arrangements will
coat unpleasant facts so as to extract be made to have the proceedings published The Hero-Scribes of Zebulun,
the desired remittance, information, in official form. The E. C. T. A. has the Lyman P. Spencer, Newark.
order, or what not. Learn how to necessary money and cannot afford not to
demand the payment of a long stand- devote it to such a needy project. For, aside Esperanto— iTHE New Universal
ing debt without making your debtor from attendance in person, the greatest Languaee, E. L. Robinson, Ouincy,
"hot," and in such manner as to good comes from reading and possessing a 111.
record of the good things said and done
get the coin and keep his good will there.
as well. Illustr.\tions of the Baltimore
Push a good thing along. Business College.
Learn, also, how to make plain and
unmistakable to yourcorrespondent's History of Penmen, A. H. Hinman,
mind that which you yourself think JI Garden of Beautiful Flowers. Hinman's Business College Wor-
you clearly see or know. cester, Mass.
This, in fact, is the gist of the While strolling through a shady lane.
whole matter. Know your facts, In idle company one day, A Timely Letter.
saturate yourself with them to the A pleasant spring-time zephyr bore,
point of boiling over, and expression
A sweet perfume across my way. National Educational Association
I gazed ahead adown the lane. Progr.am.
will soon follow. Be well filled if you
wish to be well spoken. Be well sat- So cool and free from care;
'Twas tempting to my idle mind. Catalogs and Circulars.
urated with facts and definite ideas But the sweet came not from there.
if you wish to be well written. School .and Professional.
It was hard to leave that well-trod road.
Know something thoroughly, be Of the millions' heedless ease. News Notes and Notices.
sure of your facts, then write them But there were no flowers blooming there.
enthusiastically and your efforts will With their fragance on the breeze. No Commercial School Proprietor,
blossom and bloom, soon or late, Principal, or Teacher can afford to
So I scrambled up the rocky bank,
depending largely whether you are 'Though the path was not so plain. miss a single number of the Profes-
an early or a late variety of the In search of flowers pure and sweet. sional Edition of The Business Ed-
human plum or apple, it matters From whence the zeph>r canie, ucator.
 ,^^3Budm^i^ftiu^i^^ ^
True worth is in being:, not
*' come to do even more good than they are
Preaching seeming." We all know now doing, wide though their influence is.
and *. *. this little quotation, and In the next number, our
Practicing the other words that go Caw Department of Law will
with it, but sometimes we come under the direction of
forget to apply its truth. Every teacher is Mr. Wm. Sprague. of the Sprague Corre-
C.
necessarily' an example to his students — spondence School of Law, Detroit, one of the
either a good or a bad example. The prob- most eminent specialists in this country.
lem for each of us to solve is. Shall ours be Doubtless there are hundreds of men who
an influence to uplift, or an example that are just as good lawyers as Mr. Sprague,
lowers the tone of those with whom we enthusiasm and n personality that rHdiates
and many writers on law who understand
associate ?
energy, in order to rouse the ambition of the profundities of the subject even better,
We receive many comments on the faults school children to a pitch that will induce while it cannot be questioned that there
and foibles of teachers, and some of them work sufficiently intelligent and persistent are many very successful teachers of the
have to do with matters tliat every right- to win success; and Mr. Doner's attractive
subject in the special law schools, with a
minded teacher can correct. For instance, personality and lofty ideals are of quite as few in the commercial schools; but where
a gentleman wrote the other day, saying. is the man who unites, to a sound knowl-
" lost his position with us because
much practical value from the point of view
Mr.
of the school executive as his surpassing edge of the law and excellent ability as a
he drank too much." He could not have skill as a penman and a teacher of penman-
teacher, the particular skill in phrasing his
that kind of example before his young men. ideas on paper so that a lay reader will
ship. Those who have the privilege of
At the recent convention of commercial following his excellent work in this maga- grasp his meaning easily and fully without
teachers in Chicago, a tine-looking j'oung undue effort- the ability that Mr. Sprague,
zine may well congratulate themselves on
man halted us just as we were leaving the their opportunity, and make the best through years of special experience in
convention hall to start for Massachusetts. teaching the law by correspondence, has
possible use of it.
He Wanted some ad vice as to what he ought developed to a high degree? Read the brief,
to do next summer to further fit himself for When we read the manu- interesting, practical article in our May
successful teaching. He said he had eeograpby script of Mr. Carpenter's number, and let fancy picture what is in
thought of spending some time at Ann March article on " Fuel and store for you during the next year — for
Arbor in the Summer School of Michigan Lights." we wondered whether all of our Mr. Sprague will conduct this Department
University, and we emphatically advised readers understood what a remarkable for us during the coming vear.
him to follow out his plan. He now receives piece of work he has been doing; and when Meanwhile, it is due to Mr. W. H. Whigam
more than $1500 a year, although he is not we read the manuscript of this number, and to say that he completes in this number
yet twenty-five years old, but — he is a clean- grasped the marvellous amount of reading the series of articles that he engaged to
cut,manly, intellectual fellow, full of vigor and condensation that Mr. Carpenter has prepare for us. He has given us but
and vim, a splendid incarnation of that accomplished for the instruction of his vast a taste of the good things that will be in his
with which we all are trying to imbue our school of reader-students, we concluded new book on Commercial Law, when he
students. However, it was not so much to that it would be' ungracious not to call gets ready to place it on the market. It is
speak of his influence and example that we attention to the superiority of these articles. with regret that we come to the end of his
nientiotied him, as to saj- that he remarked Turn now to his page, and see how fascina- work on the law, but he will be in our
that he was working hard on Mr. Doner's ting a supposedly dry subject can be made columns from time to time on other sub-
lessons in penmanship (he is teaching by a mind that is saturated with the sub- jects, for he is a most versatile teacher.
shorthand), and that it was through Mr. ject and that, with the aid of a vivid
Doner's influence as his teacher in the imagination and a mastery of effective If anyone has been short-
Spencerian Commercial School, Cleveland, English, can put within small compass a Cvpewritlng sighted enough not to read
in 1900, that he started out to make some- survey of the whole story of Time. any of Miss Smith's lively
thing of himself. We visited Mr. Carpenter in his school- and logical contributions on Typewriting,
At the Cincinnati meeting, in l;K):i, one of room not long ago, and we found him full of he is to be pitied, for Miss Smith is acknowl-
the best-known teachers told us that in all Ideas on his specialty. He has a most valu- edged by all who know of her very superior
his life before he went to work for a school able collection of commercial products, and work, to be one of the foremost teachers of
manager whose service he had just quit, he he has very interesting plans in course of typewriting in this country. Furthermore,
had not smoked a box of cigars; had never development. We have often said, and we we know from a daily demonstration that
played a game of pool or billiards, and never want to reiterate it, that no journal read by her position on the suliject of so-called
taken liquor. This proprietor had, before commercial teachers has ever had a special "Touch Typewriting" is correct. We were
hiring this teacher, asked us all about his feature so valuable as this, and we trust skeptical a few years ago, and we approach-
personal habits, etc. The proprietor has that Mr. Carpenter will be with us next ed the new faith with fear and trembling,
always set his foot down hard on the prac- year. To help us in our effort to convince so to speak, but we know beyond the perad-
tice of smoking cigarettes, and is a good him of the good he is doing along this line, venture of a tremor that the teaching of
deal of a preacher as to what constitutes the will not you who teach commercial geogra- typewriting by the method used in learning
winning qualities in a young man's charac- phy and you who are following his articles to play the piano is the onl}- method that
ter. But the teacher inquestion had hardly- just take the time to drop him a line, ex- any up-to-date teacher should follow, but-
reached his new home when he was pressed pressing your appreciation ? Only those well. Miss Smith is most sensibly presenting
to go up to the " Club," where he was solic- who have done pioneer work on the ad- some of the considerations in the problem.
ited, not only to play the usual games, but vanced lines of a great subject like this can Follow her work.
also to take liquid refreshments, euphemis- appreciatethe incredible amountof research It is a new thing absolutely
tically so-called; and his chief indulged and distillation necessary before a section nritbmetic for a commercial teacher to
very freely. Of course the students knew of a subject, like that in this number, is advocate the anal>-tical
about these things. Did you ever see a ready for the compositor. While he will method of teaching percentage in commer-
school the students of which did not know scold us for this suggestion, we believe Mr. cial schools. It is used widely among the
all about the weaknesses of their several Carpenter is human enough to appreciate Normal Schools, as a valuable method of
teachers? What about the example of this your acting on it. Write to him. reasoning, and here and there a Normal-
shrewd, and in some ways successful, Have you read the last two trained teacher uses it even in commercial
school proprietor? What will he have to eorre- articles by Mr. Cndy? Did work, as Mr. Kent does; but the average
answer for in the great Day when the Books spondence vou know that he is a teach- teacher of commercial arithmetic is too
are Balanced ? er who numbers his stu- anxious to get quick results to take the time
Dr. Russel H. Conwell, the famous lec- dents among adults, by thousands? Prob- necessary to get the benefit of the logical
turer, was a practicing attorney before he ably no books on English are more widely method that Mr. Kent is exemplifying in
became the first pastor of Tremont Temple, sold to-day than are his. Few men have our columns. We taught arithmetic for
Boslon, and he laughingly refers to his had his exceptional opportunities to come years by this method and we can appreciate
change of occupations as quitting practic- into intimate contact with great business If you
*'
fully all of its excellent features.
ing to go to preaching." In no jocular sense concerns in connection with the problems have a class in arithmetic, try the plan.
this may be said of many teachers. Dr. of correspondence. We doubt whether any We venture that in nine cases out of ten,
Conwell's illustrious example is one of the writer on technical English surpasses Mr. the teachers who do try it will continue to
leavening influences of real worth in our Cody in effective abridgement. In this he use it in certain phases of Percentage, at
life, and in their own way. we have practices what he preaches. If you have
social least until the habit of logical thinking in
many of the most helpful characters in our followed his articles in the March and April trying to get at and express the relations of
own profession. The names of W. N. Ferris numbers of this journal, you know that he numbers and quantities is formed.
and L. M. Thornburgh, not to mention C. E. briefly and very interestingly sets forth
Doner, immediately occur to all who are in For next year our plans are
two logical ideas that are carefully devel- practically completed. We
touch with our professional life. oped and that are of eminent practical value. n«Jft Vear
have had the greatest year
And speaking of Mr. Doner We know that he has hit the nail right on in our experience, but our completed plans
Our reminds us that he is all the head in what he has to say this month every friend of THE
for next year assure
Contributors that might be inferred from of the essential nature of successful letter
the quotation in last writing. Follow him closely while the op- BUSINESS Educator not less than one
Furthermore, he portunity is yours, and tell your friend= to hundred percent, more value for his dollar
month's Educator. is
try the EDUCATOR for one year. It will than we were able to deliver this year. Plan
getting exceptionally flue results in his now to be with us, and resolve that your
work in the public schools, where it is often mean that departments like these, depart-
ments that are paid for with cold cash, will students shall have a taste, too.
necessary to carry about an infectious
 ^^^^ud/n^^(S^/iu^ifiS^ ^
plant began within the Arctic
life,
circle where the real "Garden of
Eden "
was located. (Those who
wish to read a most valuable book on
DEPARTMENT OF this point should read the book of
President Warren of Boston Univer-
<£ommcrciaI (Beograpby sity',
From
published twenty years ago).
the Arctic circle, life moved
Frank O. Carpenter southward between the parallel moun-
tain chains, rarely or never crossing
The Editor of this Department may be addressed directly at the the ridges, as the ice and snow drove
English High School, Boston, Mass.. but cammunications requiring a
reply must in all cases enclose return postage to insure attention
them south. Mountain-like icebergs
filled the seas. At length the climate
changed, the ice retreated northward,
dropping its rocks in moraines, and
hiding them under gravel or mud and
minerals. changes to crystalline marble,— and silt. So we reach the modern age, or
so completes the list of building era, and the earth takes on its familiar
To understandthe origin and his- stones: granite, sandstone, slate, form.
tory of the common minerals, we limestone, marble. The minerals were of little use to
must go back in imagination a billion Ages pass, and we find the seas ancient, savage men. However, when
years, and we must go to another star swarming with fish in the Silurian men hunted animals for food or safe-
from which we can watch the earth and Devonian periods. Later, the ty, they fastened small sharp-edged
through mighty telescopes. Carboniferous era covered the earth bits of flint or quartz to their arrow
We
shall see at first only a whirling with a dense vegetation which formed shafts, as arrow heads, and used flint
ball of fire mist, sweeping in its orbit beds of wood fibre. These were sunk for axes and knives; and so we come
around its central sun. As we look, beneath the sea till layers of rock upon the first of the great eras of
it changes to a dense central globe, were formed above them, and the humankind and we see the
; life as it

surrounded by an atmosphere of fire. wood became coal. Up and down was in the "Age of Stone."
The central ball is of white hot metal, swung the lands, above and below CLASSES OF MIXER.\LS.
while in the atmosphere about it is the sea, until, in Nova Scotia, seven- All minerals are classified into two
every substance we know as chemical ty-six layers of coal record these groups
elements which could be turned into ancient swamps. The bodies of I. Non-Metallic minerals or
a vapor or gas. myriads of fish sank in the sea and, "Rocks"; as, granite, marble, sul-
At lastthe ball cools slightly, a though they did not entirely decay, phur, etc.
skin, then a crust forms, at first the oily parts were transformed into II. Metals; as, iron, copper, gold,
smooth, and then wrinkled from north petroleum, and the light b}^ which platinum, etc.
to south, as an apple shrivels. The this article is written is possible be- I. Non-metallic Minerals.
continental masses are much in the cause some fishes lived and died mil- This class includes all mineral sub-
same location as today, with hollows lions of years ago. stances which are not metals; i. e.,
between, where the oceans are to be. A modern scientist has obtained which, with a few exceptions, are'
As the shrinking of the crust in- from menhaden oil an oil resembling not, and cannot be made, flexible,
creases, miiuntain ranges begin to petroleum, and from this oil, b}' dis- ductile, or malleable. When heated
grow. Next the hydrogen and oxj-gen tillation, he obtained kerosene, iden- to an intense degree they either
unite as water and fall, only to be at tical with that made from the mineral crumble to a powder and do not re-
once evaporated as it strikes the petroleum. gain their former condition when
heated globe. By and by the water All rocks are soluble in water to cooled, or they unite with elements in
wins in the contest and the seas take some extent, and the streams which the air and form new substances,
their places in the hollows. Great flow to the sea carry minerals of all usually solid or gaseous (rarely
areas of the earth's surface have been kinds in solution. These either re- liquid). Metals, on the contrary, are
depressed and lifted since, but the main in the sea or are laid down in ductile (i. e., may be drawn out into
continents have not essentially the rock beds like salt and give the wire) or malleable (may be "ham-
changed their location, and America varied chemical substances in use mered " into thin sheets which are
is the oldest of all. The lost Atlantis today. Rock building on the sea usually flexible). When heated in-
is more than a myth and old Lemuria floor at the depth of 1000 feet grows tensely they become liquid, or melt.
stretched from India to Australia, an inch in a hundred years, and some When they cool they are in the same
and the Malay Archipelago contains of our rock beds are hundreds of feet condition as at first, unchanged by
its mountain summits. in thickness. More ages pass. The the heat.
As
the earth cools, the crust folds, precession of the equinoxes, or Metals can be cast in moulds non- ;

but is changed from a thick gum to a change in direction of the earth's metals can not. Metals are rarely
rock, and the winds and rains and axis, gave short, hot summers and found pure; i. e., unmixed, which is
rivers begin to wear away the surface long, terrible winters. The northern called "native," but are usually
and to deposit beds of mud on the continents were covered with a sheet mixed with the non-metals; as, gold
sea floor. Nothing remains of that of ice a thousand feet thick, and, like in quartz veins. This mixture of
old first crust, but our most ancient Titanic ploughs, the glaciers moved metals with the non-metals or earthy
rocks are from those first mud beds south as far as Long Island, cutting substances is called ore; as, iron ore,
or sand beds, and they give us granite the ridges into rounded summits, or copper ore, etc.
and sandstone. The massive amor- drumlins, grinding incredible Non-metals, or Rocks, enter into
phous granite becomes the crystalline amounts of gravel to fine particles, more of the daily needs of man than
stratified gneiss, and the clav and which are carried away by the glacial do the metals. Modern man would
mud become slate. Then in the sea, streams and spread out on the low- find it hard to live without the aid
countless tiny vegetable organisms lands as silt. Frost or freezing plays and use of metals, but it could be
secrete silica' from the water, and its part in breaking rocks apart. By done. It is hard to set- how man
their bodies form a rock layer which all these agencies soil is formed. could live in health and physical
becomes sandstone. Other organ- Grass and flowers flourish even within comfort without the rocks and earths
isms equally microscopic, but animal, a few feet of an advancing glacier. and chemicals. They appear in all
instead of vegetable, take lime and Strange animals crawl, fly, and walk the divisions of human needs and in-
carbon from the water to form their the earth, and " out of the eterni- dustries ; as,
skeleton, and the limestones of the ties " evolve into the animal forms of 1. Foods = salt, baking powders,
world were formed from the cast oflf toda)^ But the master man is miss- chemical flavors, medicines.
bodies of these little creatures, still ing. At last he appears, hardly to be 2. TextiIes=asbestos (spun-glass),
showing as fossils in the rock.,. distinguished from the animals, but dvestuffs, and adulterants or
Coral reefs today are another form of he has arrived, and the destiny of the " make- weights."
this animal rock building. Lime- earth begins to act. Man; i. e., 3. Building materials^ s t o n e ,

stone, under heat and pressure, human life, as well as all animal and cement, clay, glass, paint stuffs
 .^^f3Bu^i/ned^i^fUu:ai^ ^
4. Fuels and Lights = coal, petro- II. TEXTILES. glass, for polishing, etc. They are
leum, natural gas (coke). used as stones or as powder.
a. Asbestos is the only mineral that
5. Manufactures = abrasives can be spun and woven into cloth.
a. Stones==grindstones, oilstones,
whetstones, hones, buhr stones.
(grindstones )i mica, precious Its name means " incombustible,"
stones. These stones are usually sand-
which shows its fire-proof qual- stones, and the sharp grains of
6. Soils. ities. It is used for fire-proof
silica, and sometimes of garnet,
7. Fertilizers. coatings for furnaces and pipes, wear away the substance to be
I. FOODS. and in paints, cements, etc. It is ground. The finest kind is the
a. Sodium Chloride, is the
Sal/, or found in the United States, in the Arkansas (white) oil stone, for
most common of all substances Appalachian Highland region,
fine tools and instruments of sur-
in human use. Its uses are for and in Italy. geons, dentists, jewelers, etc.
food, in preserving animal and b. Glass, drawn into threads, may be b. Powders are
vegetable substances, in glass woven, but it is not commercially
Sand, used in cutting and polish-
making, soap making, and the done. ing marble and other stones.
chemical arts. It is produced or c. Dvesluffs are both mineral and Diamond Dust, for very hard
obtained commercially in three vegetable. The mineral dyestuffs rocks.
ways :
are alum, soda, and the endless Tripoli and i7ifusorial earth, for
1. Rock mined by blasting,
salt, is variety of coal tar products. polishing glass and metals.
" Make Weiglils," ox adulterants,
like any other mineral, in open d. Cornndnni and turnery, for polish-
quarries, as in Barcelona, are used with textile fibres and _
ing stone, making "sand-
Spain or in underground gal-
;
fabrics, to give body, weight, paper," etc. The onl)' good em-
leries, as in the United States gloss, etc. It is difficult to buy erv in the world comes from the
(in Kansas and Louisiana), fabrics that are the product of island of Naxos, in the Mediter-
Germany, Poland, Siberia, Aus- the pure fibres. They areloaded ranean, belonging to Turkey.
tria. In Transylvania alone, often several times their own Carborundum is an artificial pro-
five hundred billions of tons of weight. These mineral sub- duct made by the electric fur-
salt are at hand. stances are largely clay and chalk nace at Niagara. It is very
2. Sea Salt, which is obtained by mixed with glue. 'The rustle of a hard. It is ground, made into
evaporating s^a water, and silk dress is due merely to the wheels and tools of many kinds,
water from inland salt lakes, as thread loaded with earth. and is of remarkable value for
in California and at the Great III. BUILDING MATERIALS. abrasive uses.
Salt Lake, Utah. The water is
These substances were discussed 2. =
G r(7 /I // z7f plumbago " black =
pumped into vats and evapor- in a preceding paper, so they need
lead." It is used in lead pencils,
ated in such a way as to separ- only to be classified here :
and as a lubricant, and it is mixed
ate the salt from the other sub- with clay to make crucibles, and
a. Stone, as granite, marble, lime-
stances. It is also produced in for stoveblacking. The most and
stone, sandstone, slate.
Sicily and Portugal. 0;«<'«/5,— made from best comes from Ceylon and Austria.
b. yI/(?/-/(7r5and
3. Brine Salt. When the salt beds lime, lime and clay, lime and 3. Mica is used in making stove
are far below the surface, holes doors, in making lamp and gas
sand.
are bored to the salt beds, and — burned into brick and chimneys, as an insulator in elec-
c. C7(7v.J
fresh water is allowed to run terracotta, and made into pottery, trical apparatus, and for snow pow-
down the pipes. It forms a drain tile, " fire brick," etc. der for Christmas decoration. It is
brine, which is pumped to the the only flexible non-metallic min-
d. Glass — vn&Ae from silica, sand,
surface and evaporated. Of the soda, potash, etc. eral that is known today.
salt produced in the United Lithograph Stone is a fine-grained
e. Paints— made from ochre, oxides 4.
States 85 %
is of this kind, and
of lead and zinc, etc. limestone found in Bavaria. It is
itcomes mostly from New York, used, as its name implies, for litho-
Michigan, and Kansas. At Syr- IV. FUELS AND LIGHTS. graphing.
acuse, N. Y., there is a natural The mineral fuels were discussed 5. Precious Stones or Gems. These
bed of brine which is drawn to in detail in the March nurnber. This are diamonds, which are pure car-
the surface and used. great class of minerals is of such bon and amethyst, agate, chalce-
;

There are in Colorado desert and in constant daily need to men, is so dony, and opal, which are almost
California almost dry lakes or widely distributed, and is so easily pure silica (i. e., quartz). Quartz,
"salines," from which the salt obtained that thev should be abund- in the form of rock crystal, is used
can be gathered like ice.
ant and cheap. But the people have in making lenses for spectacles, etc.
b. Baking Powders are mostly made not vet realized that the control and Rubies and sapphires are oxides of
of bicarbonate of soda, cream of ownership of such things is rightly aluminum of the same family as
tartar, alum, phosphates, etc. the property of the government, as corundum and emery. Emeralds,
Most of these are made chemic- the control of the water supply, and aquamarines, and beryls are sili-
ally, but some of them can be of gas, railroads, telegraphs, and cates of aluminum, etc. These are
gathered from deposits of springs any other industry that concerns the used as gems; i. e., for ornament,
m the Western United States. entire people, should be. So that to- and in watchmaking. There is a
c. Clic?nical Siibsiances of many day the people of the LTnited States class of semi-precious stones used
kinds are found in beds or depos- are being systematically robbed and in cabinet work, carvings, etc.; as
its on the surface of the earth or oppressed by those who hold posses- lapis-lazuli, malachite, onyx.
iaeneath it as, ;
sion of these public utilities, and the VI. SOILS.
Sulphur is found in the United prices paid for coal and kerosene are
States (California, Idaho, Lou- The success and prosperityof the
so great that the poor cannot buy nation depend on the success of the
isiana, Texas, Alaska, and what they need for comfort. Already,
others), Sicily and Japan. It is farmer, and the farmer wins or loses
while these lines are being written, according as the soil of his farm is
used for medicine, matches, vul- the State of Kansas leads her sister
canizing rubber, gunpowder, fertile or barren. The soils are of
States in strong revolt against the various kinds as,
disinfectants, etc. petroleum monopoly and oppression,
;

Arsenic, found in the United 1. Humus = decayed wood fibre or

and this action of Kansas deserves organic matter.
States (New Hampshire, Maine, the quotation: "Sire, this is not a
Colorado), Italv, Mexico, New 2. Loam = humus mixed with fine
rebellion; it is a revolution." The earth.
Zealand. Used in dyeing, cal- "Coal Trust," also, following every
ico printing, taxidermy, skin 3. Sand = fine grains of rock, us-
historical precedent, goes blindly on, uallv silica.
preserving, soaps. To this forcing the people to a point where
class also really belongs, 4. Clay = fine flour of rock, usually
they always rise and sweep the op- formed from aluminum.
Medicines and Drugs; as, Epsom
d.
salts (sulphate of magnesia),
pressors into oblivion. Gravel
5. =
small pebbles mixed
V. MINERALS IN M.ANUFACTURE. with sand.
Glauber salt, (sulphate of soda),
alum, saltpetre, borax, all of which I. Abrasives are mineral substances A fertile soil has much humus or
are found in natural deposits. used to sharpen tools, for cutting loam a barren soil is mostly sand.
;
 f^^f3Bu4/n^U^(^lfu^Ufr ^
There is a fine rich soil in China and
in the Mississippi Valley called loess,
which is the sediment deposited ages
ago by rivers and lakes. By the dis-
coveries of the Department of Agri- DEPARTMENT OF
culture a farmer can now make a
barren farm yield good crops by sow-
ing nitrogen bacilli with the seed.
With this a crop can be grown in bar-
Commercial £atp Ho. 5.

ren sea sand. Soils contain all kinds W. H. WHIGAM, Chicago

of minerals found in the rocks, and Crane Manual Training High School.
the modern farmer studies his soil
Copyright1904 by W. H. Whigam, Chicago. 111.
first, by analysis, and then plants the
kind of crop that will best grow upon
the soil as shown by the analysis.
VII. FERTILIZERS.
Next to the importance of good Guaranty and Surety. words "value received." If the
soils is the need of a fertilizer to sup- secondary contract is entered into at
ply the plant food lacking in the soil. Introduction. the same time as the original one,
Fertilizers are Parties. the same consideration is sufficient
1.Animal = animal manure, rich Consideration. for both contracts. If, however, the
ammonia.
in Payment of Note. secondary contract is entered into
2. Vegetable, which gives humus Negotiability. subsequently to the making of the
by rotting ; How Extinguished. original contract, then there must be
3. Mineral, which are nitrates, Notice. another consideration to bind the
phosphates, etc., and Acts of Debtor and Creditor. ntw agreement. The new considera-
Guano, which is bird manure, com- Payment. tion may be a sum paid to the one
pressed into a rock. Release. conditionally liable, or it may be ac-
The same kind of crop cannot be Contribution. complished by changing the time of
planted many years in the same field Subrogation. payment in the original agreement.
without using a fertilizer. One plant Notice. k'inds of Guaranty — Guaranties are
uses one mineral and returns another Introduction — These terms are fre- special when directed to a particular
to the soil. From this came the prac- quently used synonymously. person and general when addressed
tice of "rotation of crops;"
That
as,
there are certain points in' common to the public. The amount for which
grass, potatoes, corn, wheat, grass,
cannot be denied, but it is also un- the guaranty is given may be limited
etc. The modern farmer can plant a deniable that this looseness of defini- or it may be unlimited. As to whether
crop in the same field every year by a guaranty is to be acted upon at
tion leads to misunderstanding.
using the proper chemical or natural Both guaranty and surety are under- once or is to continue for a reason-
fertilizer.
takings to answer "for the debt or able time, depends upon the construc-
Great rivers, like the Nile and the tion given to the language used.
default of another," and therefore
Mississippi, carry down enormous Unless it appears to be the intention
the agreement must be in writing ac-
quantities of mineral matter in fine of the party giving the guaranty that
cording to the Statute of Frauds.
particles and deposit it as silt over it shall be continuing, it will be held
the fields beside the river. This silt
The agreements differ materially in
the following A guaranty is a sep- to be for the present time.
Payment of Note — If the guarantor
:

is of man)' kinds of minerals and is

arate and distinct contract parallel
a perfect natural fertilizer. All rocks
to another, known as a principal con- of a note writes " I hereby guarantee
are soluble in water to some extent, the payment of the within note," it is
tract, while a surety is an undertak-
and so every s'ream is constantly ing to make good the principal con- generally understood to be an abso-
carrying along the soluble rock or lute undertaking to pay. If payment
tract of which it is a part.
dissolved minerals in exactly the fine-
Parties — In either case three parties at maturity is defaulted, the guaran-
ly divided form in which a plant can tor is liable without notice and the
are contemplated, the debtor, the
use it as food and grow to maturity. holder may demand payment at once.
creditor, and the one assuring the
The
varieties of mineral substances,
debtor's liability, called the surety or If the guaranty reads, " I hereby
in the form of cheinicals, are very guaranty the collection of the within
many. They are often of great com- guarantor. The Debtor is the one
primarily obliged to pay some debt note," the holder must exhaust all
mercial use and value, but space does other resources before he can hold
or obligation, or who has some duty
not permit their discussion here. the guarantor liable. He must re-
to perform. The Creditor is the one to
One word in closing The minerals
:

whom the debt or obligation is to be duce his claim to judgment if the

of common use may become the guarantor insists.
paid or the one to whom the perfor-
"Messengers Olympus."
of The mance of the duty is due. The Third Negotiability —
There is no uniform-
marbles of trade may become the ity on this question. However, if
statues that tell a nation's dreams.
Party is secondarily liable, and under-
takes to perform in case the principal the writing in the form of a signature
As a race grows old and civilized, appears on the face of a note with
their artistic senses awake and thej'
debtor fails in his obligation. He that of the maker, it is called a sure-
receives no benefit from the transac-
learn to beautify their cities and tyship and the collateral contract is
homes, erecting splendid buildings, tion. The consent of the creditor
must be had as well in forming the negotiable. If the agreement is writ-
stately columns, triumphal arches, ten on the back of the instrument, it
and beautiful and life-like statues, secondary, as in the principal obliga-
is generally construed to be a con-
tion.
symbols of life and destiny. So — The tract of guaranty; while in the main
some old Greek master sculptor Consideration consideration
exists between the debtor and credi- such an indorsement is considered
carved the wonderful statue now in negotiable, in some States it is con-
tor as in an ordinary contract. It
Paris, the Venus Milo (or Melos, sidered personal and not negotiable.
may be a benefit to the promisor, or
from the island where it was found
a detriment to the promisee, or it may How Extingnis/ied— Notice— If a
hidden from the invader). But the continuing guaranty is given and has
statue was not a Venus — it was a be mutual. The consideration should
be expressed in writing, although it not been fully taken up, the guaran-
statue of Victory. Other cities had tor may annul the balance by notice,
winged statues of Victory but the is generally sufficient to use" the
but this notice will not affect the part
people of Athens made their Victory already acted upon. The guaranty
without wings, so that she should Victory of art, a Victory of patriot- will extinguish itself by lapse of time.
never leave the city, and for long ism, a \'ictory of beauty, fit symbol .-lets of /debtor and Creditor — Any
years the glorious statue stood on the of all that the Athenians dreamed, special agreement entered into be-
Acropolis, holding in the arms now and Socrates taught, and Plato wrote. tween the debtor and the creditor
_

broken a tablet with the names of They all died centuries ago, but wherein a specific change is made in
heroes inscribed on it — looking out through the ages " Their \'ictory the nature of the original contract,
over the blue sea toward Salamis — a shall never leave their city." releases the guarantor or surety. A
 .^^^Ui^/ii^d^i^/iu^i^ A 2i

definite extension of time for a new released to the extent of the detri- than the consideration which the note
consideration would be sufficient. An ment caused by not having notice. upon its face implies to have passed
extension of time that is in the nature The safe way is to give notice each in between the original parties. But a
of a forbearance is not sufficient to case promptly, as in the case of an guaranty written upon a promissory
release the one conditionally liable. indorser. note, after the note has been delivered
A diversion of the fund for which one Recapitulation — A suretyship or and taken effect as a contract, re-
quires a distinct consideration to
becomes responsible, to another ob- guaranty is a secondary agreement
ject will annul the special agreement that a debt shall be paid. A surety support it, and if such guaranty does
of guaranty or suretyship. If the is one who makes his principal's debt
not express any consideration, it is
debtor and creditor make any mate- his own debt. void, where the' statute of frauds, of
rial alteration in the contract it will that State, requires the consideration
release the guarantor. It would be
A guarantor's undertaking is col- to be expressed in writing.
substituting a new for an old contract
lateral to that of his principal. co-
_
A In Kramph's Executrix vs. Hatz's
surety is one of several sureties. A Executors, 52 Pa. St. 525, it was said
which was not assented to by the surety released by payment of the
is
guarantor. that in certain respects, the contract
debt, also by fraud, by act of the of a guarantor is to be carefully dis-
Payment — The contract of guaranty parties, such as special agreement, tinguished from that of a surety, for
is extinguished when full payment is by diversion of funds, by compromise, whilst both are accessory contracts,
made by the debtor. The reason for and by release. A co-surety or co- and that of a surety in some sense
the conditional agreement ceases. A guarantor is entitled to contribution, conditional, as that of a guarantor is
part payment releases the guarantor also to subrogation. A surety is not strictly so, yet mere delay to sue the
from a like amount. The guarantor entitled to demand or notice. A principal debtor does not discharge a
has no right to insist that a payment guarantor is entitled to demand and
surety. The surety must demarid
made by the debtor shall be applied notice within a reasonable time after proceedings, with notice that he will
on the debt he guarantees in case default of payment. An indorser is not continue bound unless they are
there are other debts between the entitled to demand on the due date instituted. Cope vs. Smith, 8 S. and
debtor and creditor. The debtor and and notice immediately thereafter. R. 110. Byhiscontract he undertakes
creditor are sole judges as to the ap- In Spurgeon vs. Smitha, et. al., 114 to pay if the debtor does not the —
plication in such a case. A compro- Ind. 453, the principal debtor tendered guarantor undertakes to pay if the
mise in regard to the principal debt the full amount of a note at maturity. debtor cannot. The one is an insurer
by the debtor and creditor releases The creditor accepted $240 in part of the debt, the other an insurer of
the conditional liability of the guar- payment and agreed with the debtor the solvency of the debtor. It results,
antor at least to the extent of the that he should retain the balance, as a matter of course, out of the guar-
compromise. paying interest thereon for one year. antor's contract, that the creditor
Release — \i a release based on a The sureties, on the original note shall use due diligence to make the
sufficient consideration, or one under were sued for the balance. It was debtor pay, and failing in this he lets
seal, is given to the debtor by the held that the contract made by the go the guarantor.
creditor, the guarantor will be re- creditor and the principal, wherein In 28 S. E. Reporter 50, Dunlap,
leased. So, also, if the creditor the former, after accepting part pay- Williams and Armstrong had signed
accepts a higher security for his ment of the debt, reloaned the latter a note as sureties for Olmand and
claim, the merging of the lower into the remainder of the money due, re- Gray, and at the same time it was
the higher security will work an ex- leased the sureties. Sureties, as is agreed that the note was to be dis-
tinguishment of the guaranty. well known, have a right to stand up- counted by Battey, cashier. Battey
Rights of Surety or Guarantor —
on the letter of their contract, and if declined to take it and indorsed it
Neither guarantor nor surety have
a creditor assumes to change the without recourse to a party who had
contract he releases them from liabil- knowledge of the facts and who dis-
any rights against either party before A creditor who does any act
the maturity of the original claim.
ity. counted it. The fact that the party
inconsistent with the terms of the agreed upon to discount the note re-
At maturity the one conditionally
held may pay the principal obligation
contract, or prejudicial to the inter- fused to do so, was held to release
ests of the sureties, releases them. the sureties.
and then enforce the claim ag;.dnst He impliedly contracts to accept the National Bank vs.
the debtor. He may collect all
In Indiana
charges and items of cost in addi-
money when due, and by his refusal Kaufman, et. al., 93 N. Y. 273, the
to do so, he loses his claim upon the following contract of guaranty was
tion to the original claim. The chief
sureties, for his act is injurious to
rights are the following: introduced in evidence
them.
Contribution— V^here several parties New York, Dec. 29, 1895.
In Owens vs. Mynatt, 1 Heisk 676, a
are conditionally liable on one debt note was given under duress and the Messrs. Brigham Bros.
and it is paid by one of them, he has father of the maker became surety Gentlemen : Any draft that you
a right to collect a pro rata share under duress. The surety was held may draw on A. Feelstock of this city,
from each of the rest. This right not liable. Fraud, misrepresent- we guarantee to be paid at maturity.
exists only in regard to the amount Kaufman & Blum.
ation, or duress will vitiate the con-
of the original claim. It does not tract of guaranty or suretyship and
relate to additional charges, such as
A draft for $1.5000 drawn upon A.
discharge the guarantor or surety. Feelstock by Brigham Bros., payable
costs of trial. However, if a co-suret}' In 46 S. W. Rep. 291, Simmons, the to the order of the Indiana National
is sued on a claim, he generally asks
principal to a note, gave Spencer, Bank, was not paid, and the bank sued
that all of the sureties be made de- one of the sureties, a mortgage to se-
fendants and then his rights to con- Kaufman & Blum on the above guar-
cure him against loss by reason of anty. It was held to be a personal
tribution will exist in regard to ad- signing the note. It was held that
ditional charges. guaranty to Brigham Bros., and not
this security enured to the benefit of assignable, and that the bank could
Sithiogation —When a principal all sureties alike. not recover on it. The distinction
debt has been paid by one condition- In the case of Moses vs. Lawrence between a general and a special guar-
ally liable, he has a right to demand County Hank, 149 U. S. 298, the evi- anty is, that upon the former any
from the creditor all securities and dence showed that a promissory note person is entitled to advance money
evidence of indebtedness that may was executed and delivered, then en- or incur liability, upon complying
have been delivered to the creditor dorsed by the holder, and then guar- with its terms, andean recover there-
by the debtor. anteed by si.x persons, and again en- on the same as though specially
Notice — The question of notice is dorsed by the holder. It was held named therein, while in the latter the
not entirely settled. It is generally that a guaranty of the payment of a liberty of accepting its terms is con-
held that the surety is not entitled to negotiable promissory note, written fined to the persons to whom it is ad-
notice and that he becomes absolutely by a third person upon the note be- dressed, and no cause of action can
liable when the debt is not paid at fore its delivery, requires no consid- arise thereon, except by their action
maturity. A guarantor is generally eration to support it, and need ex- in complying with its conditions. It
held to be entitled to notice within a press none other (even where the law is always competent for a guarantor
reasonable time after default of pay- requires the consideration of the to limit his liability either as to time,
ment. Jf he is not notified, he is held guaranty to be expressed in writing), amount or parties.
ff^
=^
X)epartment of Business Practice
By tl]e Ctssociate i£&itor

V
Every well-organized commercial all bills for sales ; to attend to all 2. You will keep the Cash Book,
school, whether private or public, correspondence pertaining to orders Petty Cash Book, Voucher Register,
has, for its offices, definite instruc- received to attend to all buying for
; Journal, Pass Book, Check Book, Bill
tions for the students who enter the house to check all incoming
; Books, General Ledger, etc.
these offices in the course of the per- invoices to report to the manager of
;
GENER.^L C.^SH BOOK
iodical rotation from one office to the department at the end of the day
another. Of course, it is only in the on the form used for that purpose,
The three columns on the debit
side of the Cash Book are headed
beginning- of the year, or of the sea- the total purchases, total discounts, " Sales Ledger Credits," "Mdse. Dis.
son for Office Practice, that an en- and total amount of incoming freight, Dr." and " General." When a bill is
tirely new force comes into an office, and the total sales, discounts al- paid, enter the full amount in the
so that practically always there are lowed, and outgoing freight and to ;
" Sales Ledger Cr." column, the dis-
some of the office force who know take off an inventory of the goods on count—if any— in the "Mdse. Dis.
most of the necessary routine to hand at the end of the week. Dr." column, and the amount of the
follow; but, to avoid conflict of opin- 2. The books to be kept by you check in the " General " column. The
ion and to be definite, it is best that are the local order book, stock book,
credits to customers are posted sepa-
carefully-prepared instructions for sales sheet binder, and .Sales Ledger. rately to their accounts in the Sales
the daily routine to follow, should be THE LOCAL ORDER BOOK Ledger, and the total of the column
within reach of any worker in any from local
Is used for all oral orders is posted to the Sales Ledger account
office.
firms. orders and make
Fill all the in the General Ledger.
We open the symposium on this
bills frombook, checking off
this The three columns on the Credit
subject with two very excellent con-
each item as the goods are taken side are headed, " Sales Ledger Dr."
tributions by two of the best com- " Vouchers Payable," and " Gen-
mercial teachers in New England — from stock.
THE STOCK BOOK eral." All prepaid freight and other
although Mr. Holmes has " quit cash advances are charged to custom-
preaching and gone to practicing," A
properly ruled card is 'kept in a
ers in the " Sales Ledger Dr." column,
as one might say, having given up card index tray for each commodity
we handle. Enter all incoming mer- posting the items separately to their
his responsible position as head of
chandise in the column headed accounts in the Sales Ledger, and the
the commercial department of the
" Bought," from the incoming in- total of the column to the debit of the
Salem (Mass.) Commercial School, Sales Ledger account in the General
to become a director of the Baird- voices, and all sales of merchandise
in the " Sold " column, from the out-
Ledger. The footing of the " Vouch-
North Company, Salem, Mass., one
going The last item shown in ers Payable " column is posted to
of the largest mail-order jewelry bill.
the " On hand " column should agree the debit of \'ouchers Payable account
houses in this country. Look for in the General Ledger. All items
other interesting and instructive with the quantity of that commodity
on hand. not in these special columns are
articles to follow these.
posted singly to the General Ledger.
Of course it will be seen that Mr. THE SALES SHEET BINDER
Allen's work illustrates what is known PETTY CASH BOOK
After the sales sheets have been
as the " Voucher System," while Mr. detached from the block, file them in In this book are recorded the small
Holmes uses the Home Safeguard the binder in numerical order. At expense items of the business, such
System, involving the use of horizon- the end of the dav recapitulate the as car fare, messenger service, etc.
tal Sales and Purchase Ledgers and sales in duplicate from the binder on Whenever money is needed for this
special-column books. the report form, passing the carbon account, draw from the bank, on a
copy to the manager, and the original voucher, charging the amount to Gen-
to the bookkeeper. The posting to eral Expense Account in the Voucher
F. 6. niUn, nssociate Proprietor and Register.
Principal of tbe Commercial Depart^ the Sales Ledger is done directly
ment, Sboemaker^Clark School, from the sales sheets. VOUCHER REGISTER
Fall Hiver, mass. THE SALES LEDGER This book is intended to care for
Contains only accounts with custom- all incoming whatever nature.
bills of
We employ only two students in our ers. The alphabetical arrangement When a bill presented, and has
is
wholesale house at one time. One of the accounts simplifies the post- been O.K.'d by the Receiving Clerk,
acts as shipping and receiving clerk, ing. In posting use a slip of paper prepare a voucher, making the proper
the other as cashier and bookkeeper. for a posting check, and each time an distribution on the back of the Vouch-
At the end of one week the shipping item is posted to the ledger, place er, and enter it in the Voucher Regis-
clerk is advanced to the position of the amount on the slip of paper, tak- ter. The footing of the "Vouchers
bookkeeper, which position he holds ing it from the ledger. This posting Payable" Column is posted to the
for another week. may be done at odd times through credit side of the \'ouchers Payable
We use a loose leaf Sales Ledger the' day. The total sales from the account, and the footings of the other
and duplicate billing system for our sales sheet binder should equal the Columns are debited to their several
sales, and a vousher register for re- sum of the items on the posting accounts in the General Ledger. The
cording our purchases of merchan- check sheet. You are responsible balance of Vouchers Payable account
dise. The house buys practically all for the balancing of the Sales Ledger, should agree with the sum of the
its merchandise from the Merchants' the balance of which must equal the unpaid vouchers shown by the Vouch-
Trust Co., at a uniform discount of balance of the Sales Ledger account er Register.
30!',, from the current market prices, in the General Ledger. THE JOURNAL
and sells to the students of our school INSTRUCTIONS TO THE BOOKKEEPER Isused to enter all transactions that
at a discount of 10",; from the current 1. Your duties are to keep the gen- do not belong in other books.
market prices, thus enabling them to eral accounts of the business, besides THE B.ANK PASS BOOKS
sell to other students, and to make having entire charge of the work of
shipments to other schools, at a Must be left at the bank Friday
the office.
morning to be balanced. When our
profit. We have arranged a series of You will attend to all correspon-
transactions for each of the students, checks are returned by the bank,
dence other than that pertaining to check them off on the stub of the
covering every day of the two weeks orders; revise the price-list daily;
he is in the office, in addition to the check book, and file them away.
report to the manager daily the cash Prove the Bank Book and present to
general instructions, which follow :
received, cash paid out, and total
INSTRUCTIONS TO THE SHIPPING AND the Manager for approval.
discounts allowed and received ren- ;

RECEIVING CLERK der statements to all customers owing THE BILL BOOKS
1. Your duties are to fill all orders us each Friday and take a trial bal-
; Are used as books of original entry.
received from other cities, and from ance, make a statement, and close Enter all notes and acceptances
the local order order book to make
; the ledger at the end of each week. received in the Bills Receivable book,
 f^^^Ud^l^dA^i^if^iU^lU? ^
credit the customers in the Sales
Ledger, and debit Bills Receivable
account and credit Sales Ledger
account with the total footing in the
General Ledger at the end of each
week. Take all notes to the bank for
collection immediately.
Department of
THE GENERAL LEDGER Clritl^metic
Exhibits only the general accounts of
the business, the accounts with our E. E. KENT, Commercial Dept., High School,
customers being covered by one
account called Sales Ledger, the bal- Springfield, Mass.
ance of which should be the sum of
the balances shown in the Sales
Ledger and the accounts with our
;

creditors being covered by the \'ouch-

ers Payable account. Close the ledger Ualuc of Intelligent Solutions. The preceding solution may be con-
on Friday as you have done in your densed and written in the following
preparatory work, and present books, In complex problems, where there form. Since all of the operations are
statement, and inventories to the is more than one base and where the not shown, some students will not be
manager for approval. per cents have reference to different able to follow it without additional
quantities, it is a difficult matter for explanations for some of the steps.
H Ul. Rolmes, Tormerly in Cbargc of the student to retain the relation of I. 100% of V. of C's farm =
V. of
the Salem iinass eomstiereial the per cents and magnitudes C's farm.
=
)

School. throughout the entire problem with- II. 90% of V. of C's farm V. of
out using the concrete expressions. B's farm.
First ascertain if the cash is in
balance; then prove the Check and The immature mind cannot perform III. 112 1/2"',; of V. of C's farm =
Bank Pass Books, also the Bills Re- the analysis and retain all of the ex- V. of A's farm.
ceivable account by comparing with isting relations. It is overwhelmed IV. 75",, of 112 1/2% of C's farm =
the Bill Book and notes on hand. and confused by the different per 84 3/8",, of C's farm, part traded.
Open the mail, separating the or- cents and magnitudes. Therefore it V. 80",, of 100% of C's farm =80%
is necessary to solve the problem one of C's farm, part traded.
ders from the checks. Enter the
checks in the cash book, referring to step at a time, using proper express- VI. 84 3/8"o' of C's farm — 80% of
the Ledger account to see that the ions and labels. This economizes C's farm = 4 3/8% of C's farm,
payment is correct. Keceipt the in- mental energy, for the mind carrying loss.
voice and return. jMake your deposit no relations is free to analyze the re- VII. 4 3/8% of C's farm, loss =
each morning", itemizing it on the mainder of the problem. $87.50, loss.
stub of the Check-book and noting The following solution illustrates VIII. 1",, of C's farm = $20.
this point and brings out more forci- IX. 90% of C's farm = $1800, value
that the proper amount is credited on
bly the value of the expressions fol- of B's farm.
your Pass-book.
If notice of any collection is re- lowing the per cent, signs. REVIEWS
ceived from the bank, be sure to give A's farm is worth 25?,,' more than As before mentioned, the work in
the proper persons credii in the Cash B's, and B's is worth 10% less than Arithmetic should be carefully grad-
Book (or credit Bills Receivable if C's; if A
should trade 75% of his ed. In addition to this, it is neces-
the item collected was previously farm for 80% of C's he would lose sary to have frequent reviews, con-
debited to that account), placing the $87.50 how much is B's farm worth?
; taining miscellaneous problems.
discount, if any, in the special Mer- I. 100?<;of V. of C'sfarm = valueof Reviews are not only for the purpose
chandise Discount or Interest and C's farm. of repeating to impress more deeply
Discount column, and add the pro- II. 100%' of V. of C's farm - 10",; upon the mind but also to give the
ceeds to the stub of your Check-book. of C's farm =
90",,' of C's farm, student an opportunity to associate
Check all bills received with Mer- value of B's. and classify by the application of
chandise and check extensions if ; III. 100% of V. of B's farm =
value learned principles. Reviews also
correct, paste the same into the of B's farm. serve as a guide to ascertain the ex-
Invoice Book, first reading the in- IV. 100% of B's farm +25% of B's act status of the mind of the pupil
structions on the cover of the Invoice farm =
125% of B's farm, value with reference to the review work. If
Book. of A's. the student can solve the miscellane-
Put all freight bills on the spindle V. 100% of B's farm =
90% of C's ous problems, it is evident he has
to be paid Friday morning. farm, value of B's farm. mastered former principles and their
Pay all bills when due, sending a VI. 1% of B's farm =
9/10% of C's application.
letter of explanation with the check. farm. NEW SUBJECTS
Fill the orders carefully, being sure VII. 125% of B's farm =
112 1/2",,
In presenting a new subject to the
that your extensions are correct be- of C's farm, value of A's farm. class, a few minutes of the recitation
fore making the bill and entering in VIII. 100% of A's farm = 112 1/2% period should be used in giving the
the Sales Book, and in every case be of C's farm, value of A's farm.
= student a definite idea as to the man-
careful to folloiv exactly (he instruc- IX. 1% of A's farm 1.12 1/2% of
ner of handling the work for the next
tions of tlie parties ordering the goods. C's farm.
day. Do not assign the work and let
Make your shipping receipts as soon X. 75% of A's farm =
84.375% of
the student grope in the dark in try-
as the merchandise is ready, in order C's farm.
that everything going by freight may XI. 84.375% of C's farm —
80% of
ing to fathom the depths of a subject
of which he may know nothing. A
be ready as early as possible, C's farm =
4.375% of C's farm, preliminary explanation, with one or
Great care should be exercised in loss.
two short, simple problems and their
making entries in the Sales Book. XII. 4.375% of C's farm= $87.50, solutions placed on the board, will be
The leather-board must be placed loss.
found exceedingly helpful in intro-
under the yellow leaf and a sheet of XIII. \%,oi C's farm = $20. ducing a new subject.
carbon paper carefully between the XIV. 90% of C's farm = $1800, val-
bill and the yellow page, the carbon ue of B's farm. COMMERCI.-\L DISCOUNTS
side of the paper resting on the Since there are three quantities to In presenting the subject of com-
yellow page. be compared, the preceding problem mercial discounts, the different dis-
Write with a firm, steady stroke may be solved in three ways. Any counts used in trade should be fully
and use a koh-i-noor pencil, which one of the three quantities may be explained and illustrated. The rea-
will be provided for the purpose. made the base of comparison and the son for a discount series and the diff-
If this is not plain to you report at other two must be expressed in terms erent methods for handling them
the desk for further instructions. of the base; i. e., in per cent, of the should be clearly presented by illus-
{Continued on page 29) base. trations and problems.
 f^^^ud//ieM/<^^/iu^i^fr ^
The following problems and their
solutions are given to illustrate the
plan of handling this subject by the I If
use of intelligent solutions.
Find the net cost of a bill of goods DEPARTMENT OF
listed at $31)0 and discounted 25','o.
I. 100",, of the list price = $3(S0, list
price. Business (£orrespon5cnce.
II. 25%
of the list price = 1/4 of
$360. list price, or $90, discount. SlIEWWIN CODY, CHICAiiO
III. $360, list price, $90, discount,—
=
$270, net price.
A merchant sold a bill of goods
amounting to $400, at a discount of
20%, 10%, and 5%.
of bill.
I. 20%' of $400, L. P.,
Find net amount
= $80, 1st dis-
c the arts of language to getsome boy
count. eiood Business English Ulbat
— It Tsand I)ow to Ceacb It. to buy those marbles, paying not
II. $400, L. P., $80, 1st discount,
= money (since that would be a be-
$320, 1st proceeds.
trayal) but effort in lessons, or the
III. 10% of $320, 1st proceeds, = It is an unfortunate thing that like. Then when some boy has got
|32, 2d discount.
— teachers of letter writing in commer- them by his own effort, set him to
IV. $320, 1st proceeds $32, 2d dis-
cial schools know so little of what selling them to anybody in the class
count =
$288, 2d proceeds.
constitutes really effective business who will pay the most. Make him
V. 5% of $288, 2d proceeds $14.40, = English, and that they are so com- talk those marbles as hard as he can.
3rd discount.
— pletely absorbed in the forms and Six weeks of this talk drill will do
VI. $288, 2d proceeds, $14.40, 3rd
= conventionalities of the subject. wonders in bringing out the fluency
discount, $273.60, net amount. " But what can you do with utterly of a class. I have seen the method
In finding one discount equivalent
ignorant pupils, many of \Yhom insist work with marvellous results in a
to a series of two discounts this plan
on beginning their date lines at the class of first-grade children, and I
maybe used: From the sum of the lefthand margin, and word their have wondered why the scientific
discounts subtract 1/100 of their pro-
letters in defiance of all rules of methods employed with first-grade
duct. If the series contains three "
discounts, then the result of the first
grammar ? children should not be employed with
I have found that under the stimu- those much older who would be much
two should be combined with the lus of really doing something worth more susceptible to its influence.
third.
Find one discount equivalent to a
while most pupils will show them- When the class begins to under-
selves to far better advantage, even stand what salesmanship is, you have
series of 35%, 25%, and 15%.
in the matter of penmanship and a foundation for teaching good style
I. 35 +
25 60. = arrangement of letters, than they do in business letter writing.
II. (35 X
25) -^ 100 8.75. = in mere formal exercises.
It is the
stj'le that fascinates men and women
III. 60 —
8.75 51.25. = Pass on
as quickly as possible to "real busi- to buy, and compels them against
IV. 51.25 +
15=66.25.
ness," the writing of letters with the their natural indolence about taking
V. (51.25 X 15)- ^ 100 7.6875. = real business style in them, and the interest in anything. It is a talk on
VI. 66.25 - 7.6875 = 58.5625.
mechanical details will take care of paper.
Nearly all practical problems in
which one discount is to be found themselves in a wonderfully simple The great difficulty with children
way. Difficulties are often ground is that they are always trying to do
equivalent to a series, may be solved
mentally. An excellent plan is to into the pupil by excessive drill. what they are told, for no other
give out the problem, then announce
But what IS good business English ? reason than that they are told. Hence
the different operations. Following
Some seem to think these words their work degenerates into mere
represent a myth, and say that good imitation. Since the object of teach-
each announcement, the class gives
English is good business English. ing is to make them attain a command
the results e. g., the teacher calls oft'
the four operations
;

add, multiply,
Such critics merely blind themselves of expression, the ideas should be
furnished them. The best way to do
:
to the essential elements of business
divide, and subtract as each opera- ;

tion is called, the class in concert an-

style. We know to a certain extent this is by giving them well-written
nounces each result.
how to teach literary composition, business letters to answer. These
After the student has mastered the
and have classes in literary style. letters should be prepared on slips of
discount series, he should be allowed
Business style is just as important, paper, note size, printed in imitation
to condense the work and record it in
but we do not know what business of typewriting, on a proper letter-
one step as shown in the next solution. style is precisely, having no recog- head. At the same time give out a
nized models, and so miss it, half genuine letter-head, on which the
A merchant bought a bill of goods believing that any simple expression answer is to be neatly typewritten.
upon which the total discount was
$318, the discount series being 20";,,
of ideas is good enough for a business An interesting variation would be to
and 10",,. What was the net price letter. have the members of the business
20"u',
of the goods ? The truth is, business letter writing class dictate their letters to members
beginning to be a fine art — just as of the class in typewriting.
I. The series 20%, 20%, and 10% = is
fine as any literary art. To produce The first requisite of a good busi-
one discount of 42 2/5%.
an effective business-getting letter ness style is an eager politeness. I
II. 42 2/5% of the list price = $318,
takes something of a genius, or at regret to say that I have never seen
total discount.
= any rate a man or woman who has in any business college any class in
III. 1% of the list price $7.50.
cultivated his style with care. manners, though in business, polite-
IV. lOO"-,; of the list price $750, = Business English is first of all ness is an essential professional
list price.
- colloquial, though it must not be too element. But before pupils will
V. $7.50, list price, $318, total dis-
colloquial. It is best to begin to really cultivate it, they must see
count, =
$432, net price.
learn it by talking. Here, then, is the some reason for it. If they begin by
What must be asked for goods that first thing I should do if had a class
i. trying to sell marbles, and are shown
a discount of 20'V maj- be allowed
in business English. I should try that manner has a great deal to do
and net $480 to the seller ? to make my pupils salesmen — for
100% of the M. P. — with success, they will soon begin to
I. 20% of the the end and aim of all business cultivate it. Once they catch the
M. P. =
80% of M. P., net price. letters is to sell goods. I should get idea, they will use it almost to excess.
II. 80% of the M. P., 7iet price = a brand new top that a boy would find That it is something to be learned is
$480, net price.
III. 1% of the M. P. = very interesting, or a beautiful col- shown by the fact that it is almost ab-
$6.
IV. 100",; of the M. P. =. $600,
lection of marbles. As a teacher I solutely never found in schools or
marked price. should first try to sell that top or school letters — in its professional as-
those marbles to the class, acting as pect— but is universal behind counters
{Coiiliviied on page 29) if I were really in earnest. Use all {Continued on page 29)
 *^^3^udm^^^if/iu^i^ifr* ^
ful in the beginning of the work, it is
not to be thought of after the student
begins to transcribe.
Now, the result of my experience,
observation, and experiments is the
X)epartment of established fact, proved dailv by my
own_ students, that if the stiide'nt is
carried to the transcribing point as a
Cypcipriting Ho, 5. "touch writer," the lamentable fail-
ure above recorded may be avoided
Miss Stella M. Smith, Simmous College, Boston. by a thorough understanding and
Copyright liHM. by Stella M. Smith, Boston, Mass. perfect sympathy between the short-

Cranscriptions. instant he has struck the key, but his

fingers "wobble" and he cannot
^ hand and typewriting teachers, and
also by ths observance of the fol-
lowing
" don'ts "

Don't be anxious for perfect work

There are pitfalls all along: the make them go where he wills. during the first two or three weeks of
Typewriting Road. Some need mere- Now,this experience is universal. transcribing.
ly to be seen to be avoided, some If the shorthand teacher expects too Don't require more than one tran-
there are that require much courage much or the typewriting teacher lacks script the first day, and let it be one
on the part of the young traveller to experience, thry will both be in of not more than fifty or sixty words,
pass by in safety, then there are despair. After all the careful train- on which careful class drill has been
others so alluring that only those ing, when the really practical end of given, and which the students have
who have great determination may, the work is reached, the student fails had an opportunity to read back
without assistance, abstain from rush- in the application of what he has before going into the typewriting
ing into. learned. The shorthand teacher de- room.
The first pitfall is when the student mands better transcripts the type- ; Don't allow the student to believe
begins to write sentences. The in- writing teacher does not know how that it is possible to make the first
structor may easily persuade the to get them the student loses confi-
; transcript without a great manv
student that it is better to pass this dence in the "system," anil takes errors.
than to fall into it. The journey has the reins in his own hands. He does Don't lead the student to believe
only just begun and the novelty of not care to repeat the fiasco of the that either the typewriting or the
the situation has not yet worn off preceding day — he will read carefully shorthand are to be considered in the
sufficiently to make the student wish a few shorthand words, then he will first transcript, further than to try
to run. He is content to creep along watch carefully that his fingers strike to write as he reads, but impress
slowly, and finds much on every side the right keys, but, since he is not upon him that the only object to be
of the road to interest him. He has accustomed to looking at the keyboard attained in the first few days' work
no desire to know what lies beyond ;
and his fingers, he is somewhat at in transcribing is to acquire the habit
no thought of it enters his mind, if sea and he strikes wrong letters in of combining the reading of short-
the instructor has been careful in spite of his eyes. hand and typewriting as he has
leading him. THEN HE BtIVS AN ERASER. already learned to combine the read-
The second pitfall is more danger- ing of printed matter and tvpewriting.
ous, for, when he reaches Letters, The shorthand and typewriting Don't permit the student to make
he becomes anxious to cover the teachers are in despair. corrections while the paper is still in
ground more quickly, and is tempted At first the eraser is used very the machine, but require him to finish
to rush ahead, tripping often, and cautiously, and the typewriting teach- the transcript first, then to submit
not so much disturbed by what is lost er does not see it for the shorthand
( the work to you for inspection and
on the way, as he is desirous to ac- and typewriting teachers are in de- correction, then have him rewrite
complish miles here he must have
; spair), and by this means three or from the corrected first sheet until
courage and blind faith, and the four passable transcripts are pro- the termination of the typewriting
instructor must be vigilant and firm. duced by each student. The short- period for that session.
It is, however, on the last bit of the hand teacher is satisfied, the type- Don't increase the number of re-
road that the results of the whole writing teacher is relieved, and the quired transcripts per day until the
journey are in greatest jeopardy — student is encouraged. student begins to write with few, if
when the point is reached where the The eraser becomes an accepted any, errors, the first time —this will
first transcriptions from shorthand fact, touch typewriting is considered come about just so soon as the
are to be made. The student loses a delusion and a snare, and perfect the nervous chills have disappeared,
himself in the interest aroused by the work may only be hoped for after but do not be discouraged if it takes
reading of his notes. The thought years of practice these are the con-
: a week. Then increase the number
that he is about to put his long- clusions of all those concerned. Then of transcripts very gradually, being
striven-for knowledge to the test, some student of psychology collects guided by_ the mechanical errors
excites him to such an extent that these experiences and declares that which obviously are caused by ner-
the characters on his note-book swim " it is not wise to attempt to make all vousness.
before his eyes, queer little cold writers touch writers,' since some
'
Don't, above all, make a point of
things creep up and down his back, individuals are visualizers,' some
'
speed or accuracy in first transcripts
his hands become like ice, and he have the 'motor temperament,' and until the student can transcribe at
has lost all control over his fingers. others the 'auditory.'" This argu- the first writing five short letters (say
He reads "of" for "to", "full" ment sounds wise and is "certainly of fifty or sixty words) accurately,,
for "from," "pit" for "cheap;" convincing," and the teachers smile, within an hour. When he can do-
then he strikes on the typewriter — or are vexed at their foolish efforts to this, you may be sure that he is out
how, he never knows — ; for /, 5 for /, attempt the impossible, and decide of danger, and you may begin with
and a for /> he knows it is wrong the
; that while the training may be help- perfect safety to crowd him for speed.

Jl Ueteran's Indorsement
Enclosed find one dollar for which extend my subscription one year from date. THE BUSINESS Educatok
isone of the signs of advancement of the age. To have thouglit fifty, yes, twenty-five years ago, that such a
publication could be supplied at a single dollar for a whole year would have relegated the thinker to the mad
house. It is a fine publication, and reflects great credit on "ye Managers." H. W. SHAYLOR.
Supervisor of Penmanship, Puljlic Schools. Portland. Maine.
 f^^^ud/n^U^^dfu^i/ifr* ^
Cbe RerosScribes of Zebulun. ple, the statement of Deborah (for ward rather than a forward movement
the song seems really hers rather in the arts of civilization, that of
BY LYMAN P. Spencer, than a joint production with Barak) writing included.
Newark, N. J. is certainly remarkable; and we are Our surprise, therefore, is all the
at first at a loss to account for it. It greater, at a time so ancient, in a
It may easily happen that in travel- istrue that Moses, their great leader, tribe so remote and obscure, of a
ing a path, even a familiar one, our who a few generations before had nation so lacking in natural instincts
attention may all at once be arrested piloted his people up out of the land for the arts and crafts and beset by
by some wayside object, which, of bondage to the Land of Promise, difficulties adverse to such arts, to
though often passed, we had never was versed in all the learning of the find men who could " handle the pen
before noticed. Somewhat so, in Egyptians, including, no doubt, their of the writer "—not to mention those
going over again the annals of the very imperfect, cumbrous and im- who could handle the pen of the ready
early heroic age of Israel in the Old practical method of making records. writer, which the language of Debo-
Testament, we have been struck, But besides him it is probable that rah seems to suggest.
with all the freshness of a new dis- few if any of the Hebrews of the How shall we account for these
covery, by a passage in that ancient Exodus understood the art. And ancient scribes of Zebulun. Neither
war-paean, the Song of Deborah and when we remember that they were the history nor genius of their own
Barak, after they had destroyed the now some generations separated from nation accounts for them satisfac-
army of Sisera, with its chariots of association with the more cultured torily, nor, all things considered,
nron, and thrown off the their connection, some
yoke of Jabin, at the generations before sev-
Waters of Megiddo. ered, with the Egyptians,
This ancient battle in their " house of bond-
song is an outburst of age."
exultation over this tri- We have called them an
umph, and praise to the obscure tribe of Israel,
Lord for their deliver- and so they were and ;

ance. Mingled in it is a remote they were also,

deep note of reproach in a sense for if we turn
;

and bitterness towards to the map of the Prom-

those tribes who had not ised Land, we find Zebu-
listened to the call to lun away towards the
arms against their com- northern outskirts of the
mon enemy. " Why had land, between the Lake
Dan remained in his of (ienneseret and the
ships" and Asher upon Mediterranean, remote
the shore, lulled by the from the great leading
sound of the waves? tribe ofJudah where
Why had Keuben tarried Jerusalem became, at a
by his sheep cots to hear later day, the center and
the bleating of his flocks heart of' the nation. But
while their brethren went let us examine the map
forth to battle? Not so further. What is that
had left-handed Benja- narrow strip of country,
min, the tribe of Debo- just beyond the northern
rah, nor Issachar and limits of Israel, which
Ephraim, met the sum- runs down between the
mons. But, above all, it mountains and the sea,
was the men of Naph- and almost, or quite,
tali, which Barak be-
to touches the western bor-
longed, and togetherwith ders of Zebulun ? The
them the tribe of Zebulun, answer to this question
that bore the brunt of we at once see sheds a
the battle and "jeopard- flood of light upon the
ed their lives unto the problem for that narrow
;

death in the high places strip of country is the

of the field." land of the Phi'rnicians,
"Out of Machir," says that teeming hive of busi-
the song, "came down ness, of commerce and
governors, and out of manufactures, trades and
Zebuhdf (note the utter- crafts, of the ancient
ance) ''they tliat handle world — the cradle and
the pen of the icriter.
'

homeland, above all, of

What strange words the art of writing, in its
are these about an ob- LvMAN P. Spencer. first practical alphabetic
scure tribe of Israel, form adapted to the needs
away towards the outskirts of the Egyptians, that they were a people of men. This was the nearest gentile
Promised Land — out of Zebulitn they
'

' who, notwithstanding their genius in neighbor of Zebulun, and many of

thai handle the pen of the zvriter.'" other directions, were not likely, of the people of Zebulun no doubt en-
And especially is the statement mar- themselves, to make much progress gaged in the industries of these more
velous when we consider its date. in such an art even in favorable skilled and business-wise next door
For this was nearly back to the time times and when, in addition, we con-
; friends, and became imbued with
assigned to the fabled Argonautic sider that the times of stress and
_
their arts, including that for which
expedition and to the traditional in- struggle in settling in a new land PhcDenicia will be longest remembered,
troduction of letters into Greece by like Canaan, instead of being favor- her priceless g-ift to mankind, the
Cadmus, away back, two centuries able to such progress, were emphat- art of alphabetic writing.
or so, prior to the War of Troy; not ically the reverse,we are prepared to We no longer wonder, then, that
one of the host of heroes in which, see the Hebrews of Deborah's day even so obscure a tribe as Zebulun
not even the wise Ulysses himself, so grown, temporarily, ruder and more had, even at that remote date, men
far as we can learn from Homer, uncultured than when they first enter- who handled the pen of the writer.
could handle the pen of the writer, ed the Promised Land. The scanty The nearness of Phcenicia explains it
as Deborah sings that her obscure, annals of the time (if we except the
but valiant men of Zebulun could in all clearly. Zebulun really dwelt
single passage forming the subject
that far earlier day. of this article) seem indeed to cor- near the fountain head of the art of
Considering the time and the peo- roborate this view, indicating a back- (Contitiued on page 29)
 f^^fSBu^/zi^d^yiS^f/iu^iiir' ^
Esperanto - Cbe new Universal at present, something like 200,000 ipino and Porto Rican children be in-
Canguaae. students of the language, all doing structed in English, and that they
what they can toward making it use it as far as possible. It is not
known. At the first of the present simply that they may come to have
BY E. L. ROBINSON, PRINCIPAL COM- year, there were about 120 societies ideas common with us so much the
MERCIAL DEPARTMENT HIGH organized for its study, and more sooner, that we may have the com-
SCHOOL, QUINCY, ILL. than 20 publications in Esperanto, mon grounds of feeling and sym-
one of which, at least, is a scientific pathy ?

The idea of an artificial language publication, this latter demonstrating Would it not work out in the same
capable of use among all people, is its value in what constitutes a very way on a larger scale in the larger
not, by any means, a new one. Many severe test, scientific nomenclature, world family? Have we not often
of the philosophers of the early years and one where even its friends might seen it happen that where two differ-
spent much time and thought con- well have feared its failure. The ent people come together, speaking
cerning such a scheme, and indeed, societies extend over practically the languages entirely dissimilar, that
some of them attempted the construc- entire civilized world, including this very dissimilarity breeds con-
tion of a language of this nature. England, the United States and fusion, confusion suspicion, suspi-
Bacon, Pascales, Descartes and Canada, Japan, China, India, Ger- cion unfriendliness, and at this stage
others attempted such a plan, the many, France, Italy, Russia, Sweden, each believes the worst of the other
latter devising what he called and South America. and is ready for anything but friendly
" Pasigraphy." None of these early Esperanto has already been intro- interrelationship ? What a difference
plans, however, succeeded in any duced into some of the European there would be if all were able to ex-
degree, since they possessed all the schools in addition to the existing press themselves in one common
disadvantages of the existing lan- modern languages, and according to tongue.
guages and, being founded in the a recent article on this subject, There could be no confusion, for all
main on the dead languages, they quoting from the British consular re- is plain, no need for doubt or sus-
were heavy, complicated and unman- port from Boulougne, a number of picion, for there is no dissimilarity,
ageable. They were generally, " Pas- iDusiness firms have received so much and nations would come into closer
igraphic languages, or some of the correspondence in Esperanto, that relationships with each other, lead-
existing languages more or less in- they have found it necessary', or at ing to a complete understanding and
geniously mutilated." Later, Locke, least advantageous, to engage Esper- unity.
Voltaire, Candillac and others, gave anto clerks, from which it will be Would it not be worth the price of
great thought and time to the idea of easily seen that there does really the study necessary, if we might by
a universal language. exist a well defined need for some this means, be enabled to enrich our-
The first scheme which approxi- device of this kind. selves from the treasure house of
mated practicability, was that de- THE ."VDVANTAGES. literature of all times and people.
vised by Johann Schuyler, a Roman It is well to stop for a moment to Men who make languages their
Catholic priest of Constance in Baden, consider whether such a scheme special study would translate into
and which he called Volapuk. For
•
would be a real benefit or not. What this one tongue the work of all people,
some time this language bade fair to advantages would accrue to men if which we could then make ours, and
become popular and to win its way they should be possessed of a com- this absolutely without limit.
into general use. At one time it was mon tongue. First, what a wonder- TO SUPPLEMENT, NOT SUPPLANT.
estimated that there were a million ful help it would be to those who The idea is not to supplant any of
students of X'olapuk. But the com- travel, and travelers are becoming the existing languages, but that such
plications of the language and its more numerous every day. Kow a tongue could be used for interna-
harsh sound, it being based upon the many awkward predicaments it would tional communication, thus obviating
German and using many of the Ger- save them from, and into which tney the necessity for learning many
man gutterals and other hard sounds, now because of their inability to
fall, languages.
soon made its incompleteness and speak at all, or meagrely, the lan- Now, as to the language Esperanto,
ultimate impracticability apparent, guage of the country in which tnev itself. The entire grammar may be
and it began to lose iii favor and happen to be traveling, and these learned in an hour. Its forms are
gradually died out entirely. difficulties multiply with the increas- simple, and of necessity, absolutely
AN INTERNATION.\L LANGUAGE. ing number of lands and people they regular. There are no exceptions.
In the meantime, Dr. Ludwig visit. The vowels are pronounced on the
Zamenhof, a Russian Jew, born at Then, too, it would give a great im- continental scheme. Some of the
Bialystok, but at present of Warsaw, petus to international commerce. consonants have two sounds, one of
had been working along somewhat No longer would it be necessary for them being represented by a circum-
different lines, and in 1887, he pub-
firms having much foreign business flex above it. The language is syn-
to employ experts to conduct corres- thetic, that is, there are only about
lished a brochure entitled, "An In-
pondence in each language. One 900 root words, and from these, by
ternational Language," under the
anonymous name of Doktoro Esper- clerk could do the work of several. means of some forty prefixes and
For instance, I desire to obtain infor- suffixes, the various shades of mean-
anto, or in English, Doctor Hopeful,
from which the language took its mation concerning some German ing are given to the different root
name, Esperanto. The anonymous product. I have a Spanish clerk but words, making a rich and flexible and
publication was due to the prejudice no German clerk, so I must send this practically unlimited vocabulary.
against Jews, and also because, as he word outside. Or I desire correspon- At first glance, many are inclined to
said, he realized that many people
dence with Sweden, Norway, Russia, doubt the practicability of this lan-
considered such a scheme a purely Portugal, India, Japan or China. At guage, on account of its extreme sim-
fatuous one, and might be inclined to present, must employ clerks for
I plicity, for as Dr. Zamenhof says,-
each language. If there were some people are inclined to value a thing
lose confidence in a physician who
gave up his time to work which they means communication common
of in direct proportion to the difficulty
to them all, how much it would sim- of its acquisition. But they overlook
considered idle dreaming, and en-
plify matters. And especially would the fact that this very point is one of
tirely apart from his profession, and
this be true with the reverse the prime requisites'for such a lan-
which was not firmly established and
of this same case, in receiving com- guage. It must be simple, it must
of known worth.
munications from these countries. I be regular, it must be based in some
COUNT TOLSTOY AND M.\X MUELLER. have inquiries from all or some of degree on existing languages.
The new language was well re- these countries; I have no one in my Nouns always end in o, adjectives
ceived from the start, gaining the employ who understands these lan- in a, adverbs in e\ thus bono, a good
:

approval of such men as Count Leo guages, nor do I. To be sure I can thing; bona, good bone, well. This
;

Tolstoy and the noted philologist have this all done, but at the cost of applies to all genders. The feminine
Max Mueller, as being better, as well some time and a great deal of trouble is indicated by adding the syllable
as simpler, than any "of the previous and expense. in, as, patro, father; patrino, mother.
attempts. Now as to a third, and it seems to The plural is formed by adding 7^ and
Esperanto has had a steady growth me, a very important point. Why do the accusative by adding n to either
toward popular favor, until there are we as a nation demand that the Phil- the singular or plural: patro, patron,
2S ^^^3^u<i/neU^(^(/iu^i/lfr ^
patroj, The verb is also
patrojn, one gives himself up to language Hritbrnetie— eontinued from Page 24
simple. Adding
as gives the present study to the exclusion of everything
tense, the past, and os the future.
is else. At what price must goods be
Then there is the infinitive in i, the And more, it Dr. Zamenhof
will, marked to net 25"^ profit after allow-
conditional in ?c5, the imperative in ?<; firmly believes,lead to the doing ing 25%, 20% and 10% off cost $216 ? ;
thus: Amas, I love; amis, I loved; away with the existing national L 25%, 20%, and 10% = one dis-
amos, I shall love; ami, to love; jealousies, bring all people into closer count of 46%.
amus, I might love, and amu, love and more sympathetic touch with 25% of $216, cost, =
II. $54, gain.
thou. one another, enabling them to be- =
Illustrating the prefixes and suf- come acquainted with one another,
III. $216, cost, +
$54, gain, $270,
selling price.
fixes : mal prefixed to any word and thus finallybringing about the IV. 100% of M. P. -
46% of M. P.,
indicates the exact opposite of the realization of the great dream of such discount =
.54% of M. P., selling
meaning of the root word; as, amiko, men as Count Leo Tolstoy— the price.
friend,and malamiko, enemy. Et is brotherhood of man. V. 54% of M. P., selling price =
the diminutive sign, and eg the aug-
mentatiye; as: Malsana, ill; malsa- THE lord's prayer $270, selling price.
VI. 1% of M. P. =$5.
neta, slightly indisposed and mal-; Patro nia, kiu estas in la cielo, VII. 100% of M. P. $500.=
sanega, very ill. By means of these sankta estu Via Nomo venu regeco
syllables from thirty to thirty-five
;
In giving a problem similar to the
Via, estu volo Via, kiel en la cielo,
different words may be formed from
preceding one, require the class to
tiel sur la tero. Panon ciutagan re-state the problem and solve it
a single root word, giving great flex- donu al ni hodiau, kaj pardonu al ni again, securing the first cost. The
ibility. suldojn niajn, kiel ni ankau pardonas
A REAL NEED following work illustrates the plan of
al niaj suldantoij. Ne konduju nin re-stating and re-solving:
Lack room forbids any exten&ive en testojn, sed liberigu nin de la
of If I sell goods marked $500 at a dis-
malvera, car Via estas la regado, la
survey of Esperanto, but what has count of 25%, 20%, and 10% and still
forto, kaj la gloro, eterne. Amen.
been said will serve to indicate its make 25% profit, what is the cost?
value. That there is a need of some I. 25%, 20%, and 10% = one dis-
such means of intercommunication, Strona Ulords. count of 46%.
thinking men are practically entirely II. 46% of $500, M. P. = $230, dis-
agreed. Knclosed find $1 for which please renew count.
my subscription to THE BUSINESS EDUCA- — =
The adoption of such a scheme TOR another year. I must have It. I can- III. $500, M. P., $230, discount
would widen infinitely one's literary not get along without it. The Commer- $270, selling price.
horizon, would bring men into con- cial Teacher who tries to get along with- IV. 100% of cost + 25% of C, gain
out The Business Educator is a candi-
tact with the master minds of all date for the scrap heap. I don't intend to ^ 125% of C S P
times and tongues, and this with steer myself that way.
jNo. Alfred White.
V. 125% of cost, S. P. =
$270, S. P.
comparatively little study. This is, Commercial Dept., High School. VI. 1",, of cost = $2.16.
of course, impossible now, unless Moline, III. VII. 100% of cost = $216, cost.

These illustrations are from the catalogue of the Baltimore, Md., Business College, E. H. Norman, President. They impress us as being
faithful, artistic reproductions of elegantly and appropriately furnished business school rooms.

PENJIANSHIP AND RAPID CALCULATION ROOM. TYPEWRITING AND OFFICE PRACTICE ROOM.
 AKITHMETIC AND ENGLISH ROOM. SHOKTHAND KU()?I.

Photographic glimpses of two of tlie many expensively equipped rooms in the Baltimore, Md., Business College. The decoration of
the rooms is simple and in good taste, while the equipment is specially adapted to the work required. Space forbids tlie giving of other
and even more attractive views. Mr. Norman is to be congratulated for having developed such an iu.stitution which is a credit, not only
to himself and the city of Baltimore, but to the cause and profession of commercial education.

Business Practice— Continued from Be very careful to do your work in forms, once mastered, may be used
Page 23. the same manner. rapidly in the composition of scores
of letters a day.
Draw all drafts and place them in As I have previously said, the first
the bank for collection. Business eorresp«ndenee— Eontinued step in the reform of our methods of
Make a check on Wednesday favor from Page 24. teaching business English is to re-
F. A. Spence & Co., for $50.00 to cover
move all commercial jargon. Busi-
and in business offices. Evidently it ness men use it, but they will have to
one week's rent.
grows out of the eagerness to make a stop using it or they will fall behind
On Friday, pay the Commercial in their getting of business. Clear
sale, and the important thing is to
Railroad Co. the amount of freight the rubbish away at once, and never
stimulate that eagerness in some
bills on the spindle. way. allow a word of it to creep into any
Balance the cash each day, leaving The second element in a good pupil's letters. What is more im-
a proof slip on the manager's desk business style is ease. How many portant still, be sure no book is used
and post everything from the Sales a business man would give hundreds that contains a word of it, for pupils
and Purchase columns to the Sales of dollars to be able to write an revere books, and cannot resist doing
and Purchase Ledgers, if possible. " easy letter " My rule to grown-up
!
what they see done in books. Care-
This book of instructions should business men for doing that is to fully revise all the letters you use for
imagine that a customer is sitting dictation, and cut out this rubbish.
be carefully studied, as it is very
much to your advantage to under- opposite, and talk to that customer Taboo it. Do not tolerate one word
stand the Safe Guard System. just as if he or she were there. This of it. This is the beginning, and
Statements must be rendered each presupposes that the man or woman without this beginning no progress
Friday to all persons owing us as per can talk. If he knows nothing about can be made along the lines I have
the Sales Ledger. selling goods by word of mouth, this indicated.
If everything is not perfectly clear rule means nothing. Talking must
to you, ask questions and avoid mak- therefore come first, for it is the Cbe Itero^Seribes ef Zebulun— eontinued
ing errors. standard for easy business compo- from Page 26.
Do not leave in the afternoon with- sition.
out first reporting at my desk. The third element in a written style arts, and no wonder her sons drank
is terse brevity. The talker can ex- of its waters.
IMPORTANT NOTICE patiate, expand but the letter writer
; In conclusion, let the lovers of our
Before pasting bills in the invoice must go to the other extreme. It is art, while honoring its cradle-land,
book you are to turn to page one and necessary for the talker to keep his not forget Deborah, the Israelite Joan-
carefully note the manner in which words flowing, so as to leave no gap. of-Arc, who appreciated and remem-
the bills have been entered in the Words must come voluminously. But bered her brave followers of the pen,
book, and the amounts extended in the writer stops and chooses his placing a wreath upon their brows in
the column. words, and he must learn to make her immortal song, in the days of old.
Notice that the bills are only past- three written words do the work of a And let the knight of the quill, when
ed down the left side, that they do dozen spoken ones. By reflection he in fancy he visits the fair scenes of
not in any case over-lap the name of can simplify, eliminate, and improve the Holy Land, pause on the storied
the persons from whom bought, and every sentence. This element of Plain of Esdraelon, by the waters of
that the amount is extended in the condensation is learned only by tak- Megiddo; for there, in sight of Car-
money column directly opposite the ing a great deal of time for the prep- mel and Tabor, the hero-scribes of
name of the person from whom pur- aration of every letter until the prin- Zebulun helped to overthrow (as later
chased. Also note that the post mark cipal phrases and forms employed by scribes have many a despot since) the
is placed on the the bill between the any particular business are fully mas- hosts of Sisera with their chariots
amount and the name. tered. Then these phrases and of iron.
 ^^i^^udZ/i^d^i^/iu^aUr* ^
In the evolution of the engrossers art, we
believe Mr. Rollinson may be credited as
being the first to introduce the English or
Engravers script in the engrossing of res-
olutions. The first to use the brush in con-
(X f^istory ofpenmen, €arly nection with the pen. The first to change
the construction of the design or laying out
Business €bucatton, anb of resolutions — working in start initials and
—
other effective points like ribbons archi-
tectural designs and many times making a
(Educators xxk Clmerica. framework composed of an architectural or
classic character. Thus dignifying the
By A. H. HINMAN, WORCESTER, MASS. work and placing it above the ordinary en-
grossing. The first to use tinted bristol
boards for framed work and tinted paper
for albums- thus giving great opportuni-
ties for light and shade effects. The first to
but also in the application of the colors and use illumination in modern engrossing
mr. ebarles KoHinson. the gold; but the result is the most satis- work. The first to use Oak and the Laurel
fying, as one feels well within the art lines — also the Palm back of Escutcheons or
We believe we voice sentiments of
tiie when working in illumination. Cartouches for borders and designs on
the best informed wiien we accord to At present there is nothing in Art that which tlie lettering is made.
Mr. Charles Rollinson the credit of being the does not have a place in the business as Mr. Rollinson has had in his employ and
leading designer artist and all round pen now conducted: wliether it be portraiture, still has many of the most capable men in
artist in America. In his early childhood it landscape or figure, and there is no reason the country. Mr. Charles F. Johnston, the
was his greatest pleasure to draw pictures, why a man with careful studying cannot present foreman, has been with this en-
and when about nine years of age he formed perfect himself in all these departments — grossing house for 18 years, and is wonder-
a great fondness for lettering. This was the great requisite being patience and per fully well qualified to direct the work on
brought about by visits, Saturdays and severance. any line. His versatility with the pen and
after school hours, to the village painter. It has always been Mr. Rollinson's ambi- brush is remarkable. Mr. Mov J. Schwest-
When seventeen years of age he exhibited tion to be a designer in projiucing book- zer is well equipped in every department of
work at a fair and was awarded iirst pre- cover designs and everything of commer- the business, his skill is portraiture, being
cial value. He has thus evolved the design- one of his stronger points. Mr. E. C. Marlatt
During his youth, the critical eye of his ing branch as a great department of his is a very competent man. Mr. John R.
father was his greatest aid. His positive business. In 189R, a trip of several months Osmun has great ability as a script man
and just criticism spurred him on to greater inEurope gave him great opportunity and and is also well qualified in other branches
efforts and it was his choicest reward to help in the study of paintings, architecture of art. Mr. Charles Bouvard is a clever man
earn his father's favorable opinion. and the rare art treasures so valuable to the in illumination. Messrs. E. W. Bogert,
Mr. Rollinson's correct eye was probably designer. A book containing sketches and Edward Pearce, Frederick Wight and John
inherited from his father, who was an en- notes made in travel helped to fasten the Kars are also members of the staff of artists
graver, as was also his father's father. Mr. ideas more strongly in mind. Again and and are all clever and valuable craftsmen.
Charles Rollinson's great grandfather, again in 1899-lSK)'.' and 1904, have these visits All of these men have been with this great
William Rollinson, was an engraver, and been repeated which have been of great art establishment for from five to eighteen
engraved the buttons for the coat of George value to him as an artist and a release from years literally growing up in the business
Washington. He also invented the lathe business cares so essential to ones and perfecting themselves by daily study
for producing waved lines for engraving existence. and practice in their various specialties.
margins to bank notes. Mr. Charles Rollinson has literally edu- While it is impossible to remember the
At the age of eighteen, Mr. Charles Rol- cated hundreds in the higher branches of myriad of important art pieces that have
linson entered the Pen, Art and Engrossing the engrossers art. Some of these have gone out from this house, the following few
office of Daniel T. Ames of New York, and gone out into the world of business from are named as representing the general class
worked with him thirteen years. In 1887, he his personal tutelage and are doing well. of orders filled.
embarked in business for himself in a small But the greater number by far are people Resolutions presented to Benjamin J.
office on Fulton St. His office was whom he has never seen — designers and Tracy bv the Republican organization of
so small that when a Committee would engravers throughout the country who New York cost $1200.
call >ipon him, his two assistants would go have profited by his intelligence and Richly illuminated albums on vellum
out into the hall to make room for the visi- progressive spirit. One of the main secrets sent to His Holiness Pope Pius IX, cost over
tors. He soon increased his quarters in the of Mr. Rollinson's success is his e.xcellent JSOO each.
same building and within two years was judgment in selecting as assistants artists The Pullman " Memorial," an elegant
obliged to move to still larger quarters at with special fitness for special lines of work volume filled with rich lettering and pic-
240Broadway. — thus he surrounds himself with special- torial examples of the Pullman car from its
At that time he had four men regularly ists, each man betterthan all the other men earliest model to its present perfection.
employed besides working himself day in a certain line. Even a simple order may Cost over $300 each.
and night, also giving work to artists pass through half a dozen hands — each Resolutions sent to Queen Victoria on the
outside. enriching it with his individual specialty. occasion of her Golden Jubilee are worthy
In the fall of 1890 he joined forces with Mr. The man who lays out the design, the man of mention.
Ames under the still existing name of who stumps in the text, the script man, the Prince Henry of Prussia added a beauti-
Ames t^ Rollinson. missal illuminator, the figure drawer, the fully illuminated book to his library, pre-
Although working regularly at his desk architectural specialist, all co-operate in the sented him by the German societies of
for over thirty years, days and much of the same production. New York, which was engrossed by this
time, even to the present, evenings, Mr. house.
Rollinson has always felt that time was too The Grand Lodge of New York had en-
short to do all that he has mapped out to grossed by this house resolutions sent to
do. King Edward which were elegant beyond
It has always been his g-reatest desire to description. Resolutions by the Patrolmen
perfect himself in every branch of his of New York City presented to Miss Helen
business. Gould were elegant and costly enough to
For many years he worked In Spencerian hang in any gallery.
Script — making drawings for copy books The Commercial Cable Testimonial to
and school books, also using it exclusivelj- Mr. Mackay cost nearly $1000, and the Album
in the office in engrossing. He felt, how- for the American Cotton Oil Company cost
ever, that this light faced script was not nearly the same amount.
vigorous enough for much of the lettering This house of Artists has prepared the
and therefore commenced the study and use Holland Society resolutions to Queen
of English or Engravers Shaded .Script Wilhemnia — also many handsomely pre-
with the result that its use is now employed pared albums and framed pieces to the
almost entirely in his work. Emperor of Germany, the King of Sweden,
Having the same feeling regarding the and many other of the titled heads.
use of the pen exclusively for engrossing Mr. Andrew Carnegie has many examples
he started with light water color washes of the work of this house in his New York
and has continued on and on till now the home and at Skibo Castle, and President
brush could not well be abandoned. Roosevelt is not least among the very
Illumination next arrested his attention
and he would gaze enraptured over the
many notables who have in their possession
rich and elegant pieces prepared by Mr.
beautiful missals at the great exhibitions.
Charles Rollinson and his staff of high
It was a case of evolution and has required
class artists.
years of study not only in color schemes
 f^^^fi^n^d^iSf/iu^a^ir' ^
J1 Cimelv Cctter Missouri, P. B. S. Peters, Manual Training From the point of view of the University of
High School, Kansas City. Michigan, Edward D.Jones, DirectorCourse
Montana, E. C. Reitz, Garden City Com- in Higher Commercial Education; {h)
To Commercial, Shorthand and Penman- mercial College, Missoula, Mont. from the point of View of the University
ship Teachers; Principals of High Nebraska, W. G. Bishop, Lincoln Business of California, Henry Rand Hatfield, Profes-
School- Commercial Departments: College, Lincoln. sor of Economics and Commerce.
and Proprietors of Commercial Nevada. " Results of the Organization of Higher
Schools, Each and All,
New Hampshire, E. L. Click, Concord. Courses in Commerce:" (a) In Dartmouth
GREETING: New Jersey, Chas. T. Piatt, Egan School College, by Harlow S. Person, Secretary
The Official Report of the National Com- of Business, Hoboken. Amos Tuck School of Administration and
mercial Teachers' Federation, held in Chi- New- Mexico. Finance; (h) In University of Pennsyl-
cago, December, laOi, contains about four New York, R. G. Laird, High School of vania, by James T. Young, Director Whar-
hundred (400) pages, a full page portrait of Commerce, New York City, N. Y., J55 W. ton School of Finance and Commerce.
President Robert C. Spencer, al)out fifty C5th St. 4. General discussion and business
small portraits of the leading participators, North Carolina, H. King, King's Busi-
J. meeting.
and a verbatim report of the entire proceed- ness College, Raleigh.
ings of the four affiliated Associations North Dakota, Geo. F. Thacker, Union Cleveland
(Business. Shorthand and Penmanship Business College, Grand Forks.
Teachers', and School Managers') and of Ohio, D. D. Mueller, Mueller School of A day recently spent
in the first city of
the Federation as a whole. Business, Cincinnati. Ohio, Cleveland, among the commercial
This is the first complete record of a dis- Oklahoma. schools revealed the fact that such institu-
tinctly modern educational meeting, and Oregon, M. A. Albin, Multnomah Insti- tions were in a prosperous condition. One
marks a new epoch in commercial educa- tute, Portland. thing which contributes to this desired end
tion. No live, progressive teacher, princi- Pennsylvania, O. C. Dorney, American is the fact that there are not as ihany
pal, or proprietor can afford to miss a copy. Business College, Allentown. schools there in proportion to the popula-
You can secure it by remitting $2.00 to Rhode Island, M. D. Fulton, Auburn, R. I. tion as in most cities.
your authorized State Representative, to South Carolina. The Edmiston Business Academy, located
the General Secretary, Mr. J. C. Walker, South Dakota, G. C. Christopherson, on the West side, had a good attentlance.
Detroit, Michigan, 4() Grand River Ave., or Sioux Falls Business College, Sioux Falls. We shook the faithful hand of our friend
to Mr. E. N. Miner, 3 7 Broadway, New York Tennesee, Hu Woodward, Knoxville Busi- and former pupil, Mr. J. E. Bowman, and
City, N. Y. The $2.00 entitles you to a Re- ness College, Knoxville. found him the same skillful, modest, loyal
port prepaid to your door, and membership Texas. fellow as of old.
in either the Business, Shorthand, or Pen- Utah, R. L. Bird, S. D. 8. College, Salt The Metropolitan Business College,
manship Teachers' Association (School Lake City. Messrs. E. E. Admire and S. McFadyen, pro-
Managers' Association, $5.00). Vermont. prietors, was next visited, and we we;'e
There are now about 400 members, and as Virginia, J. G. Dunsmore, Dunsmore Busi- surprised to find them so finely housed in a
there are to be but 7(X) copies printed, you ness College. Staunton. modern building, with an equipment of
should set early if you want a copj'. If I Washington, W. F. Giesseman, Belling- furniture that is first class and paid for,
mistake not, these Reports will bring more ham. although the school started but late last
money before the year is closed, if they can West Virginia, O. T. Johnston, Mountain summer. We found a daily attendance of
then be had at any price. State Business College, Parkersburg: J. F. about 200 loval, enthusiastic students. With
Be wise to-day: joiti the greatest organi- Caskey, Elliott Business College, Wheel- E. E. toattend the outside, Mac to l.>ok after
zation of its kind and secure this record of ing. ^Y. Va. the business department, Mrs. E. E. to
its proceedings before they are all sold. Wisconsin, D. I. Rowe, Milwaukee. handle the shorthand work, and others to
Enroll in one of the Associations and Wyoming. assist, you may rest assured that business
enrich your intellect and library at one and C. P. ZANEK, education is not sleeping on the West side,
the same time; all for but $2.00. Pres't N. C. T. F., 1905. near the corner of Pearl and Lorain Streets.
The following persons have been ap- The Modern School, located right in the
pointed State Representatives for the heart of the metropolis of Ohio, housed in
National Commercial Teachers' Federation national educational Jlssocia- the famous Arcade block, presided over by
for 1905: the genial Hull, seemed to be in a i>rosper-
State Representatives tion ous condition. Mr. G E. Caskey, our former
Alabama, Wm. N. Smith, Massey Busi- pupil and ever loyal friend, has matters
ness College, Birmingham. nsbury Park and Ocean Grove, n. 3., well in hand, is as skillful and athletic as of
Arizona. July 3 7. 1905 old (although still young and single) and
Arkansaw. has developed into a well rounded com-
California, A. S. Weaver, San Francisco Preliminary Program — Department of mercial teacher. We found the students
Business College, San Francisco. Business Education sincere and industrious.
Canada, J. W. Westervelt, Forest City Berkey and Dyke's Select School re-
Business College, London. cently moved into a brand new block and
JULY 5, AFTERNOON presented a roomy, refined appearance, like
Colorado, L. A. Arnold. Central Business
College, Denver. 1. Address by the President, Williatii C. its proprietors. When we grasped the
Connecticut, E. M. Huntsinger, Hunt- Stevenson, Director School of Commerce hand of our former pupil, Mr. Gordon, we
singer Business College, Hartford. and Finance, the James Miliken Univer- discovered that he had increased his " cor-
Delaware, H. S, Goldey, Wilmington, sity, Decatur, 111. porosity " about forty pounds and is there-
" The Essentials of a Proper Education fore nearing the two-hundred mark.
Goldey College. 2.

District of Columbia. for the Average Business Man," John Bris- The Spencerian proved to be the largest
Florida, L. M. Hatton, Tampa Business ben Walker, Editor of the Cosmopolitan school in the city and, of course, the most
College, Tampa. Magazine, Irvington, N. Y. expensively housed. Mr. Mervin seemed to
Georgia, A. A. Kuhl, Abbeville, Georgia Discussion opened by Geo. W. Brown, be everywhere and at ease, looking after
Normal College. President Brown's Business Colleges, Jack- the many departments and numerous
Idaho. sonville, 111. students.
Illinois, J. F. Fish, Northwestern Business 3. "The Scientific Work of a Four Year Mr. Loomis of the Practical Text Book
College, Chicago. Commercial Course," Allan Davis, Princi- Co was about to depart for the sunamer
,

Indiana,;. D. Brunner, Indiana Business pal Business High School, Washington, D.C. in Florida, taking with him the gentle,
College, Marion. Discussion opened by Durand W. Springer, educated, everywhere-respectetl Mr. Felton.
Indian Territory, G. P. Selvidge, Selvidge Director Commercial Department, High
Business College, Ardmore. School, Ann
Arbor, Michigan.
A club, almost a centurv in size, is at hand
Iowa, A. F. Harvey, Waterloo Business "The Study of Local Industries and from the Metropolitan Busine«s College,
College, Waterloo. Trade," John L. Tildsley, the High School Cleveland. O. This evidences two impor-
Kansas, S. B. Fahnestock, McPherson of Commerce, New York City, N. Y, tant facts; first, that they have a large
College, McPherson. Discussion opened by W. C. Bishop, Pres- attendance, and second, that penmanship
ident Lincoln Business College, Lincoln, is being looked after in a practical and en-
Kentucky,;. A. Hiner, Spencerian Busi-
Nebraska. thusiastic manner. Dead schools do but
ness College. Louisville. little clubbing; or those dead to penman-
Louisana, Col. Geo. Soule, Soule CriUege, JULY 6, FORENOON.
ship. And the school that is dead to pen-
New Orleans. 1. "The Value of Government Publica- manship, isdeficient in instruction in one of
Maine. tions to Teachers Commerce in Second-
of the monied branches of a business edu<'a
Maryland, C. C. Lister, Sadler's Business ary Schools and Colleges," by Honorable tion. Penmanship is the posiiion-gettiiig
College. Baltimore. O. P. Austin, Chief of the Bureau of Statis- part of an education. Beauty is only " skin
<leep," but penmanship e.xtends well up the
Massachusetts, E. E. Gaylord, Beverly, tics,Department of Commerce and Labor, sleeve.
Mass., Nat. Com. Teachers' Agency. Washington, I). C.
Michigan, Cyrus W. Field, Detroit Busi- Discussion opened by Joseph French ^Cbe Best.
ness College, Detroit, Mich. Johnson, Dean of the School of Commerce, The Bi;siNEss Educator is not one
Minnesota, G. E. Nettleton, Mankato Com- Accounts and Finance, New York I^niver- the best of its kind, but the best.
mercial College, Mankato. sitv. New Y'ork, N. Y. A. D. Er.i.is,
Mississippi, C. B. Powell, Jackson, Miss., 2. "The
Essential Elements of Study in Com'I Dept. Centenary College of La.
Macon & Andrews Business College. a University Course in Commerce,": (a) Jackson, La.
 ^^^rS^ud^mi^^diu^iXf^^ %
-^— g^ .^[r^^^^^fc:^ ^^"ga^^-.. wrrc=P^,
\-
.rcr ;P^
5r

Catalogs School and News Notes

and Circulars Professional and Notices.
> *,

Tlie March copy of the Spenceriiin Innr Mr. J. \V. Anshutz of .Morton, (>., has .\ -.„i<l hand from our (;ond
rlul. i-; ;it

nal. Louisville, Ky., published by the Spen- charge of the commercial work in the Cen- friend Mr. Charlton V. Howe, who has
cerian Commercial School, is the best tral Commercial College, Cumberland, Md. charge of the penmanship department of
number we have ever seen. It is entitled Mr. Anshutz is a well educated, conscien- the Evening High School of Philadelphia.
the "ABC" number, and contains sliort tious teacher, as well as a practical penman. Mr. Howe
is an ardent advocate of simpli-
fied writing, and there are none who write
to-the-point paragraphs arranged in alpha-
betical order. It is well worth your perusal. it morepractically than does he. Mr.
In it we notice the change of name from
Traverse City, Manistee, and Ludington, Howe's skill in engrossing script and prac-
college to school. Mich., Business Colleges have joined hands tical writing are equalled only by his teach-
under the trinity of leadership of W. H. ing ability and modesty.
The first circularr)f the Central Business Martindill, of Manistee; A. D. Rose, of Lud-
College, Indianapolis, Ind., is at hand, and ington, and C. R. Dockeray, of Traverse Mr. S. L. Caldwell, teacher of penmanship
indicates that the institution mentioned in Citv. "In union there is strength," seems and drawing in the Peru, Nebr., State Nor-
the March Busi.N'Kss Educator has to he their motto. They also evidently mal School, captured a bronze medal for
started oti its course successfully. The recognize that " peace is preferable to war." the students' work exhibited at the St.
circular is well illustrated, to the point, and We wish the new firm continued and in- Louis Louisiana Purchase E.xposition.
aggressive. It is a straightforward sheet, creasing prosperity. Mr. C. H. Baker, the skillful pe'nman in
advertising its own school, and without the Bryant & Stratton College, St. Louis,
slings at competitors. .Mr. G. E. Weaver, who for many years Mo., favored us with a good sized club not
has been located at Mt Morris, 111., fbrtiierlv long since. Dr. Carpenter, the proprietor,
Look Out For Number One," is the good
" as a teacher, but later as a chalk-talk lec- has long been known for his advocacy of
advice contained on a colored card from turer, has purchased an interest in the good writing, and the fact that he is en-
Lockvear's Business College, Evansville, Normal College, located at Perry, la., and couraging the subscription business in this
Itid.arul lIopkinsville.Ky. Like the school where he intends moving this spring and waj' indicates that he still maintains his
itrepresents, it is a good thing, assisting in the good work.Mr. Weaver is reputation.
a genius in bis line, a royal* good fellow,
"The Normal Journal," Vol. 1, No. 1, pub- and will make things hum in Perry. He Mr. M. H. Ross, penman and hustler in
lished in the interests of the normal, located has a wide reputation, and conducts an L-D. S. L^niversity, Salt Lake City, Utah,
a£ Peru, Nebr., is before us and contains an extensive mail bu-^iness. We congratulate followed his recent Century Club with
excellent article entitled "Drawing in the the good people of Perry upon the fact that another good size list of subscribers. Mr.
Kural Schools," by Prof. S. C. Caldwell, who he has cast his lot with them. Ross is one of our best all round penmen
has charge <')f the penmanship and drawing and commercial teachers.
of that institution.
The Sixth Annual Reception of the Bliss Prof. E. E. Bush, who for the past six
•'The Prospectus" of the Peoria, III., Busi- Business College. North Adams, Mass., years has been Supervisor of penmanship
ness College is before us, and we are pleased was attended by 35C people, Jan. 2". Attor- and drawing in the Sandusky, O., public
with it. The principals, G. W. Hootman ney Thomas F. Cassidv addressed the schools, recently resigned his position,
and \V. \Y. Wightman, are evidently doing meeting on "The Essentials of Success," much to the regret of the officials, teachers
good work if we may judge from tlie illus- after which dancing was indulged in. From and pupils of that city, to engage with the
trations and text in this booklet. They are the press reports we infer the evening was Prang Educational Company, of Chicago.
good, prosperous looking people. spent most profitably and enjoyably. Sandusky has lost a hustling, practical
Supervisor, and the Prang people have
You Control the Lever," is the suggest-
"
About March the Ohio Valley Busi-
1st, secured a tactful, wide-awake man.
ive and attractive title of a pink-colored ness College, East Liverpool, Ohio, was
folder received from the Marion, O., Busi- completely destroyed by fire. The loss was Mr. F. W. Martin, penman in the Troy,
ness College. E. D. Crim, Mgr. about IK.OOO with only about $1,000 insurance. N. Y., Business College, is maintaining the
Mr. F. T. Weaver, the efficient, undiscour- reputation of that institution for good
WiUiams' Business College, Oskosh, Wis., aged proprietor, secured new quarters with- results in business writing on the part of
is publishing a twenty page circular, well the pupils, as well as turning out first class
out delay and reopened within a few days.
illustrated, and beautifully covered, indi- From the reports recently received, it would engrossing. Mr. Martin has developed into
cating a progressive institution. seem that business colleges had been un- an all round penman, teacher and commer-
usually unfortunate this year, as a number cial instructor. There are no lazy bones in
The Beloit, Kans., Business College, have gone up in smoke. Mr. Weaver has his anatomy.
journal is a neat, well-illustrated eight-page
paper advertising that school. our best wishes for his future success. We A. H. Sproul, formerly in the Elgin (III.)
have no doubt but that from the ashes of High School, has captured the coveted
"Commercial Education," published by the old there will be built up a greater and prize of director of the new commercial
the Seattle, Wash., Commercial School, is more prosperous institution. department in the Shortridge High School,
the smallest, tersest school organ that Indianapolis. Congratulations are due in
comes this way. It is up-to-date, too. The Roach Business Beaumont,
College, both directions.
Texas, enrolled nearly a hundred students
The Metropolitan Business College, and reports that the outlook for the coming E. G. Brandt is a new member of the staff
Cleveland, Ohio, issues an up-to-date, well year is better than it has ever been hereto- of the Rider-Moore and Stewart Schools,
illustrated, circular-catalog.The illustra- fore, .'^lessrs. L. A. and G. F. Roach are not Trenton, N. J.
tions show well tilled, well lighted rooms afraid of work, which in part accounts for
and first-class equipment. Messrs. Admire J. W. Anshutz, formerly of the Lebanon
their success. (Pa.) Business College, recently accepted
and McKadyen are to be congratulated for a position with the Central Commercial
having built up such a successful schoi>l in Mr. H. A. Reneau, formerly of Kansas, and Cumberland, Md.
so short a time. College,
more recently of the Gem City Business
The Franklin Company, Engravers, College, Quincv, III., is the new penman Did you get that "Menu of Green Peas"
Elec- and commercial teacher in the Fort Smith, recently sent out by the Michigan Engrav-
trotypers. Printers, S4r,-3,W D.arborn St ,
.\rk.. Commercial College. Mr. Reneau is a ing Company? Well, if you did not, look
Chicago, III., is sending out some very fine young mat], as well as a fine penman, up their ad and tell them you want to see
beautiful calendars, if we may judge by and we wish him much success in his new the booklet on " Letter Press Litho," also
the February number recently received. field of labor. the envelope with the Menu of Green Peas.
This company has done the Ijulk of our zinc It is what is known in classic Cambridge as
etching since iws. This is the highest and " a corker." Y'ou will want to give Manager
best testimotiy we know and are capable of "The Commercial Messenger," Chicago,
111., published occasionally by Powers & W. S. Stilwell, at once, your order for an
Lyons, is the last thing of the kind to reach original design or six, for your next year's
"The three P's, Push, Pluck and Persist- our desk. It is an 8 x lO-^ inch, 16 page, advertising.
ence," is the attractive and suggestive title paper devoted to commercial education,
with some advertising thrown in in a polite S. F. Benson, formerly with the Temple
of a circular issued in the interests of
and quiet manner. You will do well to get College, Philadelphia, has been made prin-
Brockton, Mass., Business rniversitv, C, W. cipal of the Shorthand department of the
Jones, Principal, and F, W. Thresham, sec- on their list, if you know a good thing when Indianapolis Business University. He is a
retary. The Journal is printed on plate you see it.
good teacher, and Mr. Heeb, the well-known
paper, well illustrated, and creditably proprietor, is to be congratulated.
wrritten. From the size club recently received from
Mr. D. D. Mueller, Proprietor of the Mueller S. B. Koopman, recently with the Peacock
The Knoxville Business College is issu- School of Business, Cincinnati, O., we would Military School, San Antonio, Texas, has
ing one of the neatest and best quality, infer that he has a large school and that become the commercial instructor in the
12 inch, brass-edge rules we have ever had penmanship is receiving the right kind of Territorial Normal School. Alvah, Okla-
the ple;isure of receiving. High quality attention. Mueller, like the newly elected homa, to succeed Thornton H. Lodge, who
dverti received at this office Governor of Minnesota, has made, and is was recently chosen to be the commercial
bly presses us as representing high still making, " good," in the new school instructor in one of the St. Louis High
quality in instruction organized less than a year ago. Thanks, Schools.
D. D., come again.
"The Banker's Testimony" is a title of a
well filled, four-page circularof testimonials
entirely from bnnkers, recommending the
E. C. Rogers of the Central Teachers' EXPERIENCED SOLICITOR
Agency, this city, advises us that he re- Is open to an engagement and desires to
g.u.d work done by Prof J. 1). Kunsmore, cently received ten calls for commercial correspond with some first-class schools.
proprietor of the Dunsmore Business Col- teachers within twentv-four hours, quoting Address, D. C, Care Business Educator,
jege, Staunton, Va, salaries at from $1100 to'$1000 per year. Columbus, Ohio.
 f^^^u^^/neU^^/uaiX^ ^
great results can be attained without proper
thoughts. Thought is the seed of every
work of this world's progress.
This is an age of thinking, and those who
have succeeded in making others think
with them are usually those who had the
^\z Success (£trcle. courage to first think
Thoughts without labor, however, are but
for themselves.

Cl Department of Encouragement, 3n= dreams if they appear practical, then carry

;

them into execution. The achievements of

nations and their people were fostered first
sptration, progress, health, €tc. in their brains. One must go to some
Conducted by M. THORN BURGH, Paterson, N. trouble to acquire knowledge, and though
L. J.,
easily acquired, many people would be
Commercial High School. content with ignorance rather than go to
too much trouble. But ignorance is a
calamity — ignorance has its penalties.
He who aspires thinks, and he who thinks
understands and acts. Real thinkers of
Many people are taught to believe that tomorrow. Dread of the future robs the pres- new thoughts are scarce indeed. There are
the path to success is filled with heart- ent ofits joy. The vital energies employed in innumerable dreamers who merely sigh
aches, that anxiety for the future is an worrying over the future should be spent in and 3'earn and wish; but they are incul-
essential to achievement, that fear and the enjoyment of the present. The troubles cators of discontent, discouragement and
anticipated seldom come to pass. If they pessimism. Be a practical thinker. Culti-
worry are symbols of cultivation, that the do, the worry endured makes you unfit to vate practical ideas. Endeavor to think in a
person who does :iot lie awake nij^hts plan- meet them. happy vein, and carry into execution such
ning for the morrow is sure to meet with Commence to observe the tenor of your thoughts as will serve to make the world
failure. To such an extent has this idea thoughts. If you seem to be surrounded brighter and better — thoughts that make
been ingrafted in the minds of men that with trouble, remain cool, quiet and self- men and women wiser and happier. It is
the worry habit has become a national possessed. Go about charged with sun- wise thinking that enables you to see in
infirmity, and is the chief cause of all our shine; let its rays emanate from you suffi- men's manners and conditions the work of
nervous and functional disorders. ciently to dispell the gloom. Let your hope their thoughts.
Thousands of people can trace their illness l>e boundless; remember, it's a dreaded To know human nature better, to appreci-
direct to worry over business or family tongue that utters words of woe. ate the world more, it is necessary that you
troubles, or to soine other form of mental Teach others to be of good cheer, to revel study, observe, think. To know yourself,
strain. Every cell of the body is acted upon in the glories of today. Nature's ways are think. Take a mental inventory each night
by conscious thought hence, ; if the mind is ways of pleasantness to him who cultivates of your dav's thoughts; weed out the idle,
in a pleasant mood there is no atom of the the good, who trusts the great moving empty, valueless thoughts. Thev do harm.
body that is not in some way benefited, or, power of the universe. Don't insult, by Then develop and materialize those that
if the reverse is the case, the inharmonious your lack of faith, that all-sustaining, make for your advancement, whether
condition is general. It is evident from eternal Intelligence in whom you move and mentally, morally, or physically. They do
this that worry not only impairs the mental have your being. good to all. Every man's progress and
but also the physical faculties. Our asy- A kind word hits harder than a blow. The prosperity is an example for others — ex-
lums are filled with people who commenced cords of thehuman heart are strangely sus- amples tiiat set us thinking for ourselves.
by brooding over their troubles, wliether ceptible to love and sympathy. Anger Comparisons are beneficial. Soliloquies are
real or imaginary. They knew full well twists and distorts the face hideously and healthful.
that nothing could be gained by such prac- then spurts out of the mouth, but if the You can never begin do if you never
to
tice, but they continued turning the sub- instrument aimed at is not atuned to re- begin to think, and it is the very lack of
ject of their distress over in their minds — ceive the missile, it rebounds upon the thinking that leaves so many men undone,
day after day, night after night — viewing sender. Avoid these things. Avoid the incomplete in the workshop of life.
the gloomy prospects from dilTerent points, very appearance of evil. Recognize in
everything a glorious promise of Infinite
The great trouble with most mankind is
until at last the mind commenced to act
they are so oblivious of the real object and
independent of the will. care. If you do this, you will find nothing
duties of life that it requires some stern or
This unhappy condition can be avoided. to dampen the pleasures of today, to blight severe lessons to suddenly set them to
Commence by throwing your cares and the ambitions of tomorrow, and the world thinking. They then think back instead of
anxieties to the wind. If the mind com- will be better for your having lived.
thinking ahead. They think of their errors
mences to grind with fear and distress, stop
such friction with the oil of good thoughts. instead of their resolves.
As darkness cannot be driven out of a room You cannot begin too early to train the
except by light,, so evil thoughts cannot be
Some Hew Cbouabt Doctrine mind to high and noble thoughts, to plausi-
driven from the mind except l")v good ble, ideas.
practical This world needs
thoughts. Never mind about tomorrow; " A man without a thought for the future thinkers tomorrow,
of not yesterday,
make the best of today: see that your walk must soon have a present sorrow." tljinkers who and progress- men and
uplift
and conversation reach the highest stan- Good thoughts must precede all good women whose work will always remain
dard of excellence; that will insure a good actions. No deeds are accomplished, no iients to the result of thought.

'^
fr'-

Thoughts arc FnrcBs.

and that through thrm vur hnur crriitiur poiurr, is out of the most uttnl
Tlir fiirt timt thoughts arc forces,
farts of the uniucrsv, tin- man's bring. And through this instrnmriitalitr lur ht!ur in our
most uital fnrt of
grasp and as our rightful heritage, the pouter of making life and all its manifold rnnriitious exattlu what me
aiill. . Earnest, sincere desire, sincere aspiratinn for higher and better conditions or means to realize
. .

them, the thought-forces artiueir sent out for their realization, these continnallu roaterrd bt| firm e.xpertation
uiithout allouiing the rontrarr, neutralizing force of fear ruer to enter in— this, accompanied bu rightlu directed
mark and actiuitr, mill bring about the fitllrst realization of one's highest desires and aspirations luith a cer-
taintu as absolute as that effect follows cause. These are the forces that are luithin us. simplr waiting to be
recognized and used— the forces that lue should infuse into and mold eutrg-dar life with. The moment lue
uitallurecognize them, thcu become our struants and wait upon our bidding.
—From ^Uhat ^W the World's ^-seeking

^ -J
 f^^^^ud/n^iL^^if/iu^iii^ ^

l$ow T Became a Scribe.

I shall try to tell briefly the circumstances, the accidents, the steps taken and the means employed by which I accomplished
what I have.
Born, probably, with an innate love for beautiful penmanship; undiscovered until eleven years of age, when brought to my
knowledge by an itinerant teacher of writing, as described in a former lesson of this course. I labored faithfully until I earned a
local reputation as a penman. This encouragement (and encouragement is as necessary to the aspirant in any undertaking as
sunshine and rain to the growing crop) urged nie to continued etfort. In High School my penmanship became renowned, until I
was called upon by nearly all the grade teachers to put some of my fancy work on their blackboards. As a part of the scheme oj
progress, Gaskell's Guide and the Penman's Gazette fell into my hands. For some time this Guide was my bosom confidant, a book
with which I was very intimately acquainted. Later the Sage of Muscular movement fastened his talons upon me and held on
until I imbibed a sufficient draught to intoxicate. Finally I became an habitual bibber of Muscular Movement. I had now reached
such an age that it became encumbent upon me to consider a life calling. Different lines had a hearing, but after debates of the
advantages of each, penmanship invariably came out tirst. This practically decided the matter.
About this time Mr. Zaner became notorious as a penman, and advertised the Zanerian Art College. During the course of my
deliberations I concluded that to be a success I must know something besides penmanship, therefore, decided to take a business
course, and by means of it earn money to finish with Mr. Zaner.
 Circumstances, fate, chance, or what not, decreed that I select Central Business College of Sedalia, Mo., in which to learn
bookkeeping and kindred subjects. I ran into quite a nest of penmen, and not bad ones, either. There was C. W. Robbins, always
ready to make you believe there were none better; E. V. Meal, now X'LaMotte Sage, of hypnotic fame; and L. Morris, from Quincy.
Right here is where Mr. Zaner lost out; they didn't let me get away, but kept me there six years. After I had been there a few
months I was put to addressing wrappers; later, writing letters and flourishing birds to send to prospective students. Let me say
here, he who aspires to become a penman can have no better drill than such work. After he reaches a certain stage of advance-
ment it is better, far, than paying tuition for the copies and instruction given by any teacher on earth. Fortunate, indeed, is he
who can secure such work to do; he should consider it a privilege. About this time I had a large scrap book made and began
filling it with work from different penmen. It cost me liberally to till its pages, but it has been worth to me many, many times its
cost. The penman must have inspiration. The only way to get it, is by studying work superior to liisown, and reading penmanship
literature. If you would be a penman, read all the penmanship magazines, send to the best penmen for some of their work; no
matter what the charge. It will be money well spent.

>^^^^^>^?-2^^<fc^''^^ )

BY L. W. KARLEN, AXBANY, ORE., ECLECTIC BUSINESS COLLEGE,

 J. F. Caskey. penman in the Klliott Com-
mercial School, Wheeling, \V. Va.. is secur-
insT results in his penmanship classes that
place him in the front rank as a teacher of
penmanship. Some of the work he has
recently sent us fully substantiates this
statement. A patre of business writing by
C. Abrams is worthy of special mention.
In fact, at first glance we were inclined to
believe that it came from tlie pen of some
professional. A number of movement
exercises from Mr. McCrum also show cred-
itablework — just such mastery in move-
ment work as is necessary to lay the foun-
dation for a first-class handwriting.
Mr. Caskey also enclosed three pages of
his own work, ornamental style, which
show that he is climbing still higher in the
art. His work is strong, free, graceful, and
certainly must be a source of great inspira-
tion to the students. Come again friend
Caskey.
UNIQUE, SKILLFUL MOVEPIENT EXERCISE PRACTICE BY MISS ANNABELLE CKAWFORD, Mr. L. W. Karlen, Eclectic Business Uni-
versity, Albany, Ore., submits specimens
PUPIL OF NISS JENNIE L. CKEW, PENMAN IN lOLA, KANS., BUSINESS COLLEGE. of students' writing considerablv above the
average received at this ofifice. Some of the
work IS as fine as any we have seen from
students for months.' The work of Miss
BY W. A. KEED, PENNINGTON', N. J., Wild FOLLOWED MP. CURRIER'S WORK IN THE B. E. Anna Sillers and Mr. M. D. Gillett plainly
indicate professional ability.
Some of the finest cards we have seen for
manv a day, are at hand from Mr. A. J.
Karlen, Vilas, S. Dak. Mr. Karlen is not
following penmanship professionally, but
there are very few who can do better work
than he can. His work is accurate, bold
and yet delicate. Mr. Karlen has it in him
to take a back seat for no one. so far as
beautiful penmanship is concerned.
Mr. Elmer F. Hornby, a pupil of Mr. H. C
Russel, Keuyon's Commercial School'
Pawtucket, R. I., submits a very cute spec"
imen of movement exercises in the form of
a pug dog.
A splendidly written letter in a graceful
business hand is from our friend and former
pupil. Mr. W. C. WoUaston, in the Toland
Business University, LaCrosse, Wis. Mr.
WoUaston must be rubbing elbows with
that Knight of the Quill, Mr. Francis B,
Courtney.
Mr. L. V. E. Peterson, penman and com-
mercial teacherin theMankato. Minn., Com-
mercial College, in a well written business
letter, enclosed some speciniens of his
students which show good results in pen-
manship training. The best ones received
were from Messrs. Fred Kreager and Albert
Shelley.
Mr. E. D. Clark, penman in the Marion,
Ind., Commercial College, is favoring us
from time to time with subscriptions. He
writes a good, strong business hand, and
besides swings an ornate with more than
average dash and grace. Pupils of his
speak highly of him as an instructor, and
we therefore conclude that his teaching
ability is on a par with his execution.
Mr. Harold W. West, of the Kider-Moore &
Stewart Schools of Business, Trenton, N. J.,
writes an unusually good business hand as
evidenced by a letter before us. The work
is very uniform, the slant being about as
perfect as anything w^e have ever seen for
off-hand rapid work.
Miss Jennie L. Craw, teacher of penman-
ship in the lola, Kans.. Business College,
sent some of the best work recently re-
ceived in the way of movement exercises,
and all the work was verv good. Some of it
wus excellent. Annabelle Crawford. Fan-
nie Lawton, Marv Maxwell and Charles
Roehl submitted the best work. You will
hear more from this institution later on.
Miss Craw writes a splendid business hand.
TOhftt nrt the ** first steps'* in Imrning ta mviitl
Mr. T. J. Haggertv, Troy. N. Y., recently
Subsrrt;itians to The Tlusiness ^dumtnr. favored us with a business letter written in
a very neat and graceful manner, together
with some specimens in ornamental pen-
manship of quite an elaborate style.
 *^^^ud^t^d^(^dfu^iif!fr* ^
One of the best business letters received
at this office for some time comes from Mr.
B. A. McKinney of the Massey Business
College, Richmond, Va. Mr. McKinney is
not only a tine penman, but a fine man as
well, being an all round, well educated, ex-
perienced commercial teacher.
Mr. K. H. McGowen, penman and com-
mercial teacher of the Western School of
Commerce, Stockton Calif., recently favored
us with a nice list of subscriptions, enclos-
ing also some of his cards and capitals,
which show that his penmanship is im-
proving, even though long since it has been
professional. Mr. McGowen is w^ell educated
in other things than penmanship and the
commercial branches, and is therefore a
valuable man.
Mr. F. L. Tower.formerly of North Adams,
Mass., now of Boston, recently favored us
w^ith examples of his engrossing script as
applied to policy work in insurance com-
panies- The same is among the best of this
class of work received at this office. It did
not take us long to discover that he had
received his instruction and inspiration in
this line of work from that premier of en-
grossing script, Mr. Charlton \ Howe. .

IS MY SPECIALTY. I will write your :

cards lor 15i:. A pack of tramples and terms to agents

a red stamp. AUEXTS WANTED. 100 blank cards, 16
I5c. postpaid.
,
lOOO blank cards by expre
SOcomio cards, iSc. I bottle glossy black ink for 15c. 1
bottle uf white ink for 15c. 1 oblique penholder, lOe.
w^. A., bode:.
48 27th St. S. S. Pittsburg. Penoa

up-to-date, elegantly
^^
For Sale equipped and well patronized
Business College. Good location. Will sell
cheap, on account ol* poor health, if taken BY C. H. SPKVEK PITTSBURG, i*A., PUPIL OF f. C. MILLS.
before new catalog goes to press.
Address A. Y. C, care of Business Educator,
Columbus. Ohio. F^OR SA^LtE:
An up-to-date Business College.
Established six years.
WANTED-TEACHERS No competition within 50 miles.
New rooms, furniture and niHchiU' s.
Who can make an investment to write us. Don't answer ihis ad. unless you n
Proposition a good one. Business pays 10 per business.
cent dividends, al&o
SALARY FROM $100 TO $150 G.
Ruggery Building.
C ROGERS, Columbus. Ohio GILLOTT'S PENS,
Per month, according to ability and experience. THB UOST PERPBCT OF rSHt,
Address
H. X Z.. care Business Educator. HAVE GAINED THE
Columbus, Ohio
ICaSEVG GRAND PRIZE,
HY. C. WA^LrKER, Illustrating and Engraving' for posters,
catalogs, booklets, ads, and all commer- tUm la
Paris Exposition, 1900.
the Higbest Prize ever Awarded to Pana.
5585 Vernon Ave., St. Louis, Mo. cfai art purposes. Wc write copy, do art
printing, lithographing and engraving by
LESSONS IN ENGROSSING "" Tocesses. Everything that's done
pen, brush, graver and type. We
BY MAIL also engross and Illuminate. Siurrioopp.
City Hall Subway station. Call, write,
.Send . Lip for specii ircular. 3530 Cort. 345 B'way, New Yurk.

BUSINESS CAPITALS BY A. H. PATON SALEM, MASS., COMMEKCIAL SCHOOL.

a^^
/2-3VS^-//y(J V«i\ou ViV

I
C^^:^^z^-eyr-Cc^teyr^ cz^-n^ ^^t^^^-^cd'^^i^iyr^ ^ct^^^^ ,^^i5&-?2^ ^z^i^^'so /^9^?^x7i^2.(5^?^-^;Vc^^'-2-^>^*-2^ <::^^i^73.'Cc<d4y9-z.£^^G:^'Ot^€^X'^<rr. 1
 3i-'. J^^
>li..rtliaii.l IiriU Boi.k Hcnn Pitman
^vsteni) compiled hv F. K. Heath, published
by Peirce School, Philadelphia, Pa., price
the title of a book intended for short-
$1.00, is
hand students who have completed the
Manual. It is the result of a dozen years of
class-room experience by the author, in
Peirce school, and contains what has been
^ ^ found necessary to fit students to become
expert amanuenses. From the standpoint
--T--

of the book-maker's art, it isoneof the hnest

specimens we have ever seen. It is beauti-
fully bound in leather, with flexible covers,

^^^^
Miss Clara M. Marsh, whose- portrait ap-
gilt edges, and gilt side stamp. It contains
170 pages of text and plate matter. The
plates have been photo engraved from
actual pen and ink notes, and are the
neatest and best of the kind we have ever
seen. We are not sufficiently grounded in Mr. E. L. Robinson, the subject of this
the technic of shorthand art, and the art of photo, was born in Sparta, Mich., in 1ST7,
pears above, is a native of Michigan, having teaching it, to delve into the details of the
been usliered into existence on a farm near subject, but so far as surface appearances and graduated from Olivet, Mich., College
Buchanan. At the age of ten years her go, it is surely worth looking into. It cer- with the degree of A. B., in 1899. He then
parents moved near to Galien, Mich., from tainly comprises many excellent points completed a business course in the Cleary
which High School she graduated in 1902. and represents much scientific thought. Business College, Ypsilanti, Mich., after
She next attended the Coloma Normal, and which he taught the commercial branches
then taught two years in lier home school. "Miles' Pitmanic Shorthand 'Plain as for three years inMarquette, Mich. In 1904
Print,'" by C. C. Miles, published bv the he attended the Zanerian and accepted the
While in the High School she received in- author. Lakeside Bldg., Chicago, 111., is the
struction in drawing and for the first time title of a new claimant for public favor and
principalship in the commercial depart-
became interested in it. At this time she patronage in the shorthand field. The book ment of the high school, Quincy, 111.
made a vow to either become an artist, or is substantially bound in boards, with gilt Mr. Robinson is therefore a well rounded
fail in the attempt. side stamp, and contains 96 pages of plate young man. For some time he has been
In the fall of lOOi, she entered the Columbus and type matter. In its preparation, legi- giving attention to the subject of language,
bility and speed have been two requisites and as a consequence w-e have from his
Art School and the Zanerian College. The uppermost in the author's mind. It is a
title page of this number of THE Bl'SINESS connective vowel method, and the vertical pen in the Professional Edition of THE
Educator is one of four she prepared t and d strokes have been changed to slant
BusiNE.ss Educator for this month an
while attending the latter named institu- strokes. Part One is devoted to principles. article entitled " Esperanto " — The New
tion. The others are equallj- unique and Part Two to Phrasing, Part Three to Vocab- LTniversal Language. The article is well
original, indicating what we have in store ulary, Part Four to Business Correspond- worth reading, and any one interested in
ence and Part Five to Court Reporting. this subject (and who are not?) would do
for our readers. The shorthand plates have all been photo-
Miss Marsh as modest as she is per-
is engraved from pen and ink copy. The work well to read the article, as well as his ad-
severing. She possesses much more impresses us as being well graded and care- vertisement in this number.
than the average ability in original design, fully arranged. Mr. Robinson is below the medium in
and is destined for something above the height, but above the average in good looks,
mediocre in her future career. Few persons "The Dictator," a collection of graded intelligence, agreeableness and wide-
that we have had the pleasure of instruct- Dictation Exercises, for the use of teachers awakeness and, what is still better, his
and students of shorthand, counted and morals seem to be on a par with, if not
ing have combined so evenly the essentials arranged in such a manner as to establish
of success as an artist— patience, persev- a standard for determining shorthand above, his other good qualities.
erance, originality, and common sense — as speed, bv Mina Ward. Revised and en-
does she. larged edition. Price $1.00 Published by
It therefore gives us much pleasure to in- The Phonographic Institute Company. Cin-
cinnati, O. The book is substantially
BLANK CARDS AND PAPER.
troduce her and her art to the readers of bound, splendidly printed, and contains '.'W
Send for Sample! and Price List.
The Business Educator. Good grade of Students Practice Paper, either
pages. It is a book intended for the use of wide or ordinary ruling, $1.25 per 1000 sheets.
teachers and pupils of all systems of short- ONE DOZEN CARDS, elegantly written
SOLICITORS WANTED hand. It contains excellent material, care-
fully graded and covering a wide range of
in my best style, 25c. Tamblyns Glossy Black
By one most
progressive
the Ink Powder, for one pt. of fine ink, 35c. Powder
of subjects. The work Impresses us as being for bottle of fine White Ink, 25c.
schools in the Northwest. Do not reply thoroughly practical and progressive.
unless you are willing to consider a III4 Grand Ave. KANSAS CITY. MO.
commission basis. Plenty of good ma- We are in receipt of a package of Isaac
Pitman's "Fono" pencil No. 2, hexagonal in
terial to work on. Address, shape, natural cedar in color, silver lettered,
G. R., care Business Educator, and gilt edge in quality. They are made in
Columbus, Ohio. two qualities. No. 1 at 50c. per dozen. No. 2
at $1.00 per dozen. Lower rates in larger

p
Venirai
.
I
I shall
qualified
need fifty
Commercial
well
quantities. Isaac Pitman & Sons, New
York City, 31 Union Square. We've tried'eni
on long hand and they are good enough for
any earthly use.
STOEKgUlS
Teachers to recommend for KIK PEHIpblCAl. CIKCULAK, BOOKLET ACATALOCUt
ToaoKopc' good positions during the
1 eacners WANTED-PENMAN
^^^^ ^^,^ months. Write
at once for particulars. Who can assist in English branches. Permanent
position with well established school. Moderate
A^enCV ^' ^ ROGERS, Manager, salary. .Address, Z A. H., care of Business Edu-
—S. £ Columbus. Ohio. cator, Columbus, Ohio.

WANTED — Teachers of Commercial Branches. Advance Fee Not Required.

Positions in High Schools and Colleges. Penmanship, Commercial Branches, also teachers
of Stenography. Salaries, $600 to $1,500. Register early. Send for circulars.
Anna M. Thurston, Mgr., 378 Wabash Ave., Chicago. Thurston Teachers' Agency.
SPENCERIAN
PERFECT
La Crosse, Wis., July 8, 1904
"To THOSE "WHO WISH TO WRITE RIGHT;
Having made an extensive study of writing, I can conscientiously say that the style executed by
Madarasz is the highest standard of excellence.
his exquisite touch,
results,
All writers in united States have marvelled at
I

harmony of stroke, dash and perfect form, and have sought to accomplish like
but he alone holds the key to the treasure, " skill."
In the Madarasz Method the secrets of skill, and innumerable scientific points, just the things
Steel Pens
USED BY EXI'ERT AND C.\KEFUL
that will give you the clue to add tone to your writing, are divulged. PENME.N' FOR NE.\RLY FIFTY YEARS
The Madarasz Method is unique, scientitic, practical and up-to-date _i the pao-stUer for
developing good business hands, v.. .^ have
^•.«.,. that a market
.....^ « .^-^ value,
., w. .. .-ises the standard of those qualified Sample card. 12 pens different patterns,
iig their skill and placing them in demand the world over. It is a salary •n-ill lie sent for trial ou receipt ollJcct.^i in
as penman, thereby incre
raiser as well as a skill prouucer. postage stamps. Ask for card R,
Having received instruction from Madarasz, I heartily commend his method to all who aspire to
become top-notchers, or leaders in the penmanship profession.
SPENCERIAN PEN CO.
Cordially yours. FRANCIS B. COURTNEY. •49 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
Prmlae tram Sir Hubert Is Praise, Indeed.— MADARASZ.

r Cfiii/-e.'r€<4±iyT^ a-n^ ^tc^-^cd^^L^-nf ^oi^u^S i^A-a^ny^ ^^^'inc- C^^TBMdt^n-td-tCe^^cyt^aZrr

^
 f^^3Sud/n^iL^^((/ifu^i^/^ ^
Teachers Wanted Shorthand Drill Book
Three male teacliers wanted in prosperous
one for bonkkeepitiK and peninan- (Benn Pitman System)
R. C. KING'S scliool:
ship, one for Isaac Pitman shortiiatid, one
for collej^e preparatory studies. Address, Drill exercists in phrasing, word signs, con-
tractions, common words, and cities of ilio
Monthly Statemeixt BUSINESS COLLEGE tTnited States: invaUiabl. to tie student for ac-
HEW TORK CITT quiring speed, and to the practical stenographer
stations. Brooklyn Borongh.
for purpose of review arranged by F. K. Heath,
:

and Editorial. chief instructor in shorthanrt at Peirce School

pocket size; flexible leather, gilt edges, 169
:

GROSSING imln.n Ini; ,-f Tcstlnionials. Meraor-

pHges. postage prepaid.
$1.00.
"The paper is fine, the printing and engraving
beautiful, aid the binding sup.Tb in fact, it is ;

":.ts-< 1 A.ms, Certlhiaics, In gold. an edition do luxe." Ciias. T. Pi att

nii ci tors. AH styles; framing or
lieor ebl.orate. 11 We also
..•nvef..r.anl,iesanda.lver- Peirce School,
913 rhestnut St. Philadelphia.

We have filled

MANY POSITIONS Teacher Wanted:

I have a request fnr n superior ti'aclier
of PENWAXSHIP, liOOKKEEPING A.\D
BEST BUSINESS COLLEGES AkiTIIMETIC. for a permanent and de-
sirable position in a first-class commer-
(lurinjc the past season ami still
cial school. Candidate should state
have PLE\'TY OF PLACES for age, experience, references and salary
FIRST CLASS TEACHERS. desired. All communications will be
considered confidential. This position
FREE REGISTKATION if you men- is worthy the attention of an A No. 1
tion this paper. Addres itiufj.

Continental Teachers' Agency, HLBiY TEflCHEIIS' II6ENIIY

Bowling Grean, Ky. ALBANY, r*. Y.

For nioie than twelve years I Be a penman. It pays well. It's interesting.
have taught penmanship in Pub-
Learn Penmanship by Mail Practice evenintiS and spare time. Many teachers
ake our Courses. W the best Twice as many lessons as others. More copies and
lic Schools iind Colleges, and belter copies. More instruction and bette ruction. More criticisms and better criticisms of
practice work. One young huly living on a fa t took a six months' course by mail, and we p'uce-t
allho ray name is King I am not ncr in a position as teacher in one of ibe largest id best Business Colleges ill the United States. Others
are doing as well. Business Writing, 12 lesso «3 50: Complete Course, $5 00. Ornamental, $7,00.
the King of penman, or the Special Course for teachi - -
,

ngand Diplomi Filling, only $i,00. Pens, penholders and

champion penman of the world. paper furnished free a dozen beautiful cards, 'iilc. Small speci
Ha catalogue free Write to lay. <© WHITMORE. ELLSWORTH
But those who are competent to
;

Straye Businers College. Philadelphia, I'a

judge sa}' that mj' writing has
the "Dash and Swing" of the Wari-ensbuf-^-Micllancl TeacHers* A.^encies
" A 1 " professional.
Offices: Townsend. Montana. Winnebago City. Minn.. Warrensburg, Missouri.
By years of study and practice Indianapolis, Indiana. Room 92 When Building.
I have perfected a course of les SPECIALISTS FCKNISHED FOR ALL DEPART.VEATS FREE.
sons in plain and ornamental Splendid opportunities offered the " up-to-date " teaclier. He toier tlie best
field in the Vnited States for the teacher backed by ABILITY. No registration
writing which will enable all fee if roll write the Wariensburz office inclosing stamp. Fourth Year.
those who take the same to
111- luur weeks. I will conduct a
secure a Masterful S'yle of Busi- In a S?.'T'r;
In- Eagan School of Busiskss.
tielieve I k'lQw more about bubi-
ness or Ornamental writing in tn teach. This knowledge will
can get Tor as many dolla
the shortest time possible. n u tshe 1 1. ^Vku'v-i i'.'m v';::,:
I it

I teach the same by mail, and

Z^^^^^=ZZZ not a(f..r.l i.> In tl
«
te..cli bii.sin'j.-s
A course with me means that your sei
I get Results— Good Results Eveo- phase '*n>\ element Ldat enters
concisflv "ml Hearlv demonstiated
Results that satisfy the student DID YOU write to .ny ot m*- for .ler ihed in last monih'e paper ? If you
havii't. ilo so at oiiee— then U-t me he;ir f you think I can help you urs trulv.
and helps him to earn— Dolhuv. L. MaDARASZ, 12SI Third Ave.. AVjc York.
"He who aids to his earuing
power adds to his capital.' OF GREAT VALVE TO HIM,
Write me about this course
I)EAK Mu. Mills:—
Right Now. He who does it To- I wish to thank you for the interest yon have tnken in nic
while pursnin^ yonr c^iurse by mail. You certainly have pre-
day has an immense advantage sented the subject in a scientific manner, and your cart-fnl criti-
over him who expects to do it cisms an<t thoughtful suggestions have been worth much to mt .

As !i stepping stone, there is no subject that will prepare one

To-morrow. Yours truly, for promotion quicke. than that of good writing
( trust that the large number of Commercial teachers and
Bookkeepers whose ambition it is to win their way to the top of
their profession, will take advantage of your course.
Since taking your course I have received a raise in salary.
Wishing you the success you so richly merit, 1 am
Your student,

renraan, Elliott Commer ial Schools, Clarksburp, W.Va.

2851 Oakland Ave..
Moral Send stamp to-day for full particulars of Mills' Cor-
:

respondence School of Penmanship.

MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
E. A. DIETERICH. E. C
MII^I^S, 195 Grand Ave.. ROCHESTER, N. Y.

I ^^tn'~£^'r£<^d.£.'Txf t!z^'?z^ ^>ctS^c^d^L^.''Td -*<'*.^5^ i^5^<:z-'«-^ .^^^.^^^ C^^Li, 73.,i4.^><^''rL.£.d^^^^c^'*^.<-ci'^<ry- 1

,
 ^^^3Sud^ied^^f^i^Ufr* ^
A little book, pocket
size, showing how to do

- SHORT CDTS. with half the figures and

- LESSONS IN in half the time all of those little calculations
which we must figure out every day. Everything
from Addition to Interest and Discount. Its
worth is attested by the fact that its author is
now and has been for years the specialist in this
branch at the Eastman Business College. Price,
cloth, 50c. Address,
GEO. A. DEEL, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
723 THROOP ST. CHICAGO. ILL.
CARDS! CARDS! CARDS!
Penii juvenira.ic. Card Writer Sample s
Book 2.'>c. Mr. Penman you need those books.
IIAND CUT
CARDS! Are the best
I would advise you to practice as much 5000 3 PIv, W. B. $3.30 5000 6 Ply, W. B. S4.25
Prelude 5000 Tinted Cards $3.75 5000 Colored Cards $3.75
as you can; though I would rather have Comic Cards. Monev makers, print, 3 Ply, W. B,
In planning these lessons, I have endeav- you practice fifteen minutes daily than luo Butt In Cards 30c. 100 Butt-Out-Skevs 30c.
ored to draw from the experience I have half a day about once in a week or two. 100 Ra<;-time cards 30c. 100 Hen Peck cards 30c.
had, and from observing others write, such 100 Little Jokers 30c. 100 Bird & Scroll cards 3,".c.
facts as will smooth the way for your suc- CRITICISM 100 May I See You Home cards 30c. 100 Lodt'e
cess in this exact style of writing. cards 30c. Sample 100 .issorted 30c. sent Prepaid
I ill criticise your best efforts through All orders promptly filled. Send for Samples.
The oft' repeated words that "there is no the columns of this journal. If you want
royal road to success " is, I think, especially your work returned, enclose a stamp. Work wSnyderSt.
applicable to this style of writing: and if so, must be sent by the third of the month.
we come to a few rules we must learn and Send work to R. A. Cepek, 723 Throop St.,
practice in order to reach the height to Chicago, 111., on narrow strips of paper and
wfhich we all aspire. in a long envelope, if possible.
A good workman is known by his tools Want a position ?
and also by his habits; therefore, get the BY WAY OF ENCOURAGBNENT
best tools, and foster the best habits.
Want a teacher?
I give to the one making the most
ill
Want a partner?
MATERIAX improvement throughout this course of
lessons, a certificate of proficiency, which
DOYQi Want to buy a school ?

Parson's Superfine paper or a good grade I will engross. Second best will get a com-
Want to sell a school?
of Bristol Board that has a hard, smooth plete alphabet and figures. Third will get If so, let us hear from you.
surface. one dozen written cards. Will you win ': tiLICK'S TEACHERS' AGENCY,
A
203 Gillott pen for medium, and a 290 First lesson next month. Click, Mgr. Concord, N. H.
Gillot for fine work.
An oblique holder with the point of the
pen well elevated. The lighter the holder,
the better.
A
good grade of Stick India ink or a bottle
of prepared India ink. I prefer the first
named, because you can grind it whatever
thickness you like, and also because it
flows freely.
In doing this class of work, you will need
a straight edge or, better still, a Spacing
T-Square for ruling space lines. A very
serviceable instrument is made by Mr. H. A.
Rounds, 511 Carroll Ave., Chicago, 111.
A BUSINESS PROPOSITION
HABITS
w teaching branches that you do not
Position is the same as in ordinary writ- or you are in a school you do not like;
ing.By that I mean the position recom- 3f country which you wish you were
mended by penmen, with one exception, ije getting less salary than' you are
and that is in gripping the holder. A hint vouldn' it be a good business proposition to
from that master script writer, Mr. Charlton cha
Suppose you can secure just the kind of work, in
V. Howe, I have found very useful in get- the class of school, in the particular section of country
ting control — " Grip as near to the butt end most agreeable to you. at a salary advance of several
of the holder as you can." hundred dollars a year, would i\ not be follv to let
The movement used is a combination of the chance slip? It may be the one chance of a life-
the fore-arm and finger movement, with time for you. and you might miss it if you were not
the small finger as the center of control. on our list.
Register with us —and keep your lightning rod up.
Practice intelligently; do not scribble oflf You can never tell when it will be struck. It costs
a whole lot of stuff, spoiling paper and los- nothing to look the field over, and only a small fee
ing valuable time. Do not follow the ex- should you accept a place through us.
ample of the young man that spends ten Free Registration. So confident are we that we can
minutes practicing in a slipshod fashion place every good teacher and well-prepared graduate,
and then carefully rolls a cigarette and that we make the following otter We will waive the
:

$2 registration fee and allow this to be paid with our

amid clouds of smoke, he dreams of being a 4 percent, commission (one-half in 30 days, one-half
7eat/erin his profession. in 60 days after beginning work). Don't delay. Send
I wish I could express in words, the im" for blanks today.
portance I attach to the habit of reading THE SCHOOL EXCHANGE DEPARTnENT
over the instructions, until you understand
them thoroughly. After you understand is maintained to sell school property and to aid in
every word, then begin your practice, fol- forming partnerships. Write for information about
lowing instructions by frequently compar- our plans and the 39 schools on our list for sale.
Make our office headquarters when in New York.
ing your work with the copy to see wherein We're right opposite City Hall Park subway station.
it differs. We have the largest and best located offices occupied
by any commercial teachers bureau.

CHIME5E 5TICK INK Tde KINSLEY GOminEBGIHL TEBCHEBS' BDBEHD

AND SCHOOL EXCHANGE
For Penmen, Engrossers and Students who
want to show their work to the best advantage. Wm. J. Kinsley, Manage 245 Broadway, N. V.
An ink that is black it dries quickly, and unlike
;

other inks, it will stand a great deal of erasing,

(and not lose its blackness) which in itself is a
convincing testimonial.
Cost of Ink, $2.00 per Stick.
Stone for grinding ink. which has a glass cover
to protect ink from dust, for 50 cents.
Complete Outfit $2.50, by express, not prepaid.
Address
723 Throop
R. A.. CEPEK.
St., CHICAQO, ILL.

Cfiiv^-'rU.l.i^r^ a-n^ ^tt.£-£c^^fi.£yTd ^t.^/^.^ j^i^cu-n^ ^i^^cm^ /in' , C^Au-73,cc^.o'?z.i^i^€x:^K^^C'CZ'£^'>^-

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 f^^^u^/neU^^f/iu^iilir' ^
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^

ZZZZZZZZZZ2ZZ2
"GEMS IN LINE AND SHADE," BY THE I,ATE C. C. CANAN.

TEACHER WANTED— 5 The Pratt Teachers' Agency, Bow you wish to improve your
DoBrsiNEBS Writing; to become
By a school in Oregon. Must be i 70 Fifth Aveane, New York, Hbout a fine Artistic Writer; to know
all about Card Writing to
able to handle the usual commer- Racommends c illege and normal eradn- Vour learn Engrossing; or to take a
;

cial branches, including penman- atei, specialists, and other teachers to col-
Penmanship ? practical course in Lettering*'
leees, sohools, a 3d families. Then write for my new book
ship, but not shorthand or type-
writing. The Agency receiTes many calls
"How to Become a Good Pen-
for com- f man." It's free and tells all about how you can
Address, 'Oregon School," care mercial teachers from public and prirate
W. TAMBLYN,
t
i schools,and business colleges. learnby mail. F.
Business Educator, Columbus, O. I r

WM. O. PRATT, ManagerJ 1114 GRAND AVE KANSAS CITY, MO.

BVY YOVR

BianK Gems m
sievenson's studio
De&r Brother Pencnen Throu^hovit
Quillaom
I Cards
I have g.ithered tOKelher the "Cream of Creation
for fine penmanship from many sources.
" in Blank
Read the foUowingJestimonial from one of my many pleased
customers
Your 100 cards received. Kindly forward nie by return ex-
press (1(100) quoted oil your price list 90 c. I have been buying
i)A\i/ eixnv,cz/, $x^uXic^ ^uiidiruy, 103 SLcM^Acimv cards little che:iper, but as I find you are always prompt I order
from vou. If vou can always giVe ray orders quick attention I
will give you our trade as your cards are O. K.
Yours very truly, J. E. PENNINGTON,
Black Mountain College. Black .Mountain, N. C.
White Defender Wf deling Bristol 75eperl000
While Berkshire Wedding Bristol.- --. $1.15 per 1000
White 20th Century Wedding tSrislol., - .-$1.75 perKiOO
Rainbow Wedding Bri.stol, manv tints.. 90c per 1000
Black Enamel, fine for white ink $1.15 per lOOO
Colored Bristol, assorted colors, fine for white ink 90c per 10(0
Put up in strong boxes containing 500 cards each. Sample
ICO. one kind 15c. .\ssorted. or 20tb Century, 25c per 100. .Assort-
ed samples for stamp.
Sizes 2 X 3',_:, 214 x 3- ,. and 2% x 3I4.
Q^xicouyy. Prices are net and sent by express not prepaid 100 sent post-
;

paid. If by mail add postage. 30c per 1000. This is cheapest if

you live more than 500 miles distant
Our readers will be pleased to learn that we have made arrange-
ments with Mr. H. A. Kontids to contribute a series of six lessons in
Cards IPrSntea
CARDS
the French Round Hand as shown above, a style much in vogue
in high-grade engrossing.
Mr. Rounds and Miss Truman are both experienced specialists
[iU din
VISITING
35<fc
Also Business Cards. iTices on all kiiuKs of l'rin(ing. .\gents
in engrossing, the former graduating from the Zaneriau College in wanted. Send 2c stamp for agent's terms and 25 samples. Cards
1S97, and the latter from the Chicago Art Institute in Decorative written, 15c per dozen.
Designing. Reports indicate that the new firm is prospering be- Engrossing Desl^nin^ En^ravin^
yond expectations. Illustrations for all purposes. Lessons by mail in all branches
The series of lessons be begun in the May number. You
-will Diplomas Filled a specialty.
will therefore do well to plan to pursue them. Add skill and knowl- STEVENSON'S STVDIO
edge to th5' band and head, and they in turn will add coin to thy Suite 3, Grand Opera House Building CINCINNATI, OHIO
purse.

Cf^zi't^',£^ir^U^:£^y7^ eUTZ^ ^^^H^^:^^-*-^»^ .-<:^*i-i!^ £/^i.c;iyn^/a^ .^^.'^^i^ ^^^^ .^>7u>->-z.'ik.'<r7-z-^^'>'t^ C^z^ 73^i^,44^'9-z.zA^ €^<:^^cc,C'tz.-i^€r7r j
I
 f^^^ud/n^U^^^/iu^i^fr ^
at upper right corner is in gold which
The Best is None too Good for Ne ^?
y^^"^^- accounts for the dark tone in the cut. The
Bishop's mitre is in red, purple and gold.
For nearly twenty years I have sought The darkest part is red. the cross, escutch-
for the best material for fine penmanship, Lessons in W2ish Drawing eons and strings gold, the white dots are on
and believe I have found it in the cards purple ground and dots around lower edge
offered belo^v: and Engrossing. are purple.The initials- of the words The
Norway Wedding Bristol, white. $1 15 per 1000 Right Reverend, gold, outlined in red.
K. I.. BROWN, ROCKLAND. ?IAINE. Frederick Courtney, D. D., two shades of
English Bristol. 13 colors, .90 per 1000 purple, and the initials of folloxs'ing liTie are
By express, not prepaid. ± red, outlined in gold. The initials of para-
graphs are in red outlined in gold, except-
For 10 cents, I will send you a full line ing the B which is in red outlined in black,
of samples and throw in three or four cards
The cut of the engrossed testimonial given on gold ground. Tlie red used was ob-
hot from my pen, showing these cards to in this connection conveys little conception tained bv mixing vermilion, crimson lake
be unequalled for brilliant shades and of the soft, delicate coloring of the original and Chinese White. Shell gold was used
dainty hair lines. drawing, but, however, the style and char- on this design. Outline the ]>order in lilack.
acter of the lettering and scroll work are ivhen the coloring is done, with a \o,
F*. S. HCATH. faithfully reproduced, and it is left with the Soennecken pen. Use a ruling pen and
fi

50 Dunklee Street. Concord. N. H. T-square for the straight lines. We are sure
student to work out the color scheme, that it is a difficult matter to teach color
guided by our suggestions and his own work from black and white models, but
None too Good for You artistic sense and feeling. even with the advantage of personal in-
"
It is
The original was executed on parchment,
size of design 12 x 15 inches. In transferring
this design to parchment proceed as fol-
struction, practice and experience are
absolutely necessary to acquire success.
For some unaccountable reason the com-
lows: Make an accurate sketch on paper of
[

positor who makes up the type forms of the

the border, including scroll work and sym-
liols. also lay off the exact space the text is B. E., omitted the following which should
G. S.HENDERSON to occupy in the center, including the
The lettering in the heading
haqe accompanied Nr. Brown's beautiful
illustration in the March number, and sub-
heading.
ILLUSTRATOR should be drawn in detail, also the initials
beginning the paragraphs. Rule lines on
stituted and repeated the sketch of Mr.
Scripner.— Editor]:
AMP the sketch in ink to regulate the height of
lettering. (Outline sketch in ink with a Page of an engrossed album. First make
DESIGNER. Soennecken number five pen. T!ie sketch a detail pencil sketch of the design, giving
is reproduced herewith complete save the
special attention to the drawing and ar-
SEND COPY FOR ESTIMATE lettering. The body text should be written
rangement of lilies, and also aim for well
proportioned, accurate lettering. The shad-
106 W. 64TH ST.. NEW YORK with a Xo. 3 Soennecken pen, and the letters ing was done in green, oljtained by a mix-
should be about one-fourth of an inch high. ture of Hooker's green Xo. 'J. and Payne's
When the sketch is completed lay on the gray. First outline the lilies with some
drawing board under the sheet of parch- of the water color in a new pen. Trace the
ment, tacking both firmly to the board. lettering in water proof ink, or add the
The transparency of the parchment will washes first and do the inking afterwards.
enable 3'ou to see the sketch plainly, and We would recommend the use of water-
the entire piece may now be completed proof ink for the best results. Moisten the
Francis B. Courtney with few if anv pencil lines. paper with clean water preparatory to ap-
Colors The piece was illuminated in plying the washes. Add the washes freelj'.
H ancl-wrt-itinit Specialist purple, red and gold, the principal color beginning on the darkest part and working
Expert Microscopic Examiner of Forged being purple. A good purple is formed by towards the light. Mix the color with
Questioned Writing. mixing Prussian blue and crimson lake, more body for the darkest values, which
il
with a few touches of Chinese white to give occur around the lilies nearest the letter-
Care F. J Toland. LA CROSSE. WIS.. body and opaqueness. The pastoral stave

SKELETON OUTLINE OF RESOLUTION GIVEN ON ANOTHER

PAGE, ACCOMPANYING MR. BRO"WN'S LESSONS
IN ENGROSSING, ILLUSTRATING, ETC.
 ^^^^ud/n£iA^i(/iru:a/^ ^

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jtnit bill pa a^aii 5^ppb. -_J -

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cii.£/^CAi. ^£Cfi£7:iKy.

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THE ORIGINAL OF THE ABOVE ENGROSSED TESTIMONIAX 'WAS EXECUTED ON PARCHMENT, ILLUMINATED IN PURPLE, RED AND GOLD,
AND IT IS PRESENTED AS A SPECIMEN OF HIGH GRADE ENGROSSING. THE BEAUTY OF THE COLORING IS LOST IN THE REPRODUCTION.
 Jells You HowShowsYouHow.
SAMPLE Copy and Fine Art
Supplement Mailed FREE.
Eess^ti One fimM^i\< & Ink Art- belton.tex.
To become an illustrator, it is necessary
to familiarize yourself with almost every
type of hiiman being, animals, birds, trees,
flowers, fruits, etc. You must also be a
close observer of human nature. To accom-
plish all of this, it means long continued
study and practice.
It will be impossible for many to leave
their work and visit different parts of the
country to study these conditions- How-
ever, there are books and magazines at
your command that furnish excellent
examples for study. If you will provide
yourself with two scrap books, one in which
you may paste pen and ink pictures, and in
the other the best examples of wash draw-
ing, it will be but a short time until 3'ou
will have a finecollection of studies. Select
the best work, follow the illustrations of our
modern artists, and read and study aU the
good literature possible for you to obtain.
This course of lessons was prepared to
help the !)eginner. and also aid those who
have already made a start in this direction.
I have tried to show several kinds of tech-
nic, so that if you are not successful in
learning one, you may master the other. I
have also given examples in one or two
new mediums that may help to suggest
manv good ideas to you.
The material used or needed for
material pen and ink drawing are an
assortment of pens, fine, med-
ium and coarse; also some that have a very
fine, flexible point for shaded strokes, etc.
I have found the following to be verv srr-
viceable: Zanerian Ideal. Zanerian Busi-
ness and Zanerian Fine Writer; Gillott's
Crow Quill is also very useful. A good
quality of card board. or heavy ledger paper
should be used. Never work on cheap,
flimsy paper. It is a waste of time and
energy. Always draw with India ink. For
general purposes the Zanerian India ink
has no equal. Try to get in the habit of
using a drawing board, as it can be handled
so much easier.
Considerable has been said in
Position regard to position as regards
penmanship, but is not neces-
sary in illustrating. Learn to draw in any
position, turn or twist yourself to suit the
occasion. Get where you can comuiand the
best view of your subject. Stand up if
necessary. This holds good while you are
making preliminary sketches only. When
you have the drawing ready for inking it is
best to sit in a comfortable position with a
flat top table or desk, where you may
have plenty of room and freedom.
Now then, if you wish to accomplish
much you must master this first lesson; it
is the foundntion and key to illustration.
The technic or pen lines are very essential.
We have given but this one plate for this
month so that you may have plenty of
titne to work it up. Use a coarse pen and
straight holder. Make all of the straight
lines toward you; the curved lines from
you. Turn the paper or card board often;
avoid the little hooks you will be apt to
make at the ends of your lines. To do this,
lift the pen while in motion. Use a free
arm action, holding the wrist rather firm
and stiff; also keep the fingers firm. Notice
in Fig. 6 the lines are crowded closely to-
gether; in making such, hold the pen more
nearly perpendictilar and use a faster
motion. Figs, lil-22-23 are shaded strokes.
Make them with a rather snappy move-
ment, using a flexible pen point, pressing
on^the pen as you end the stroke.
faithfully on these studies, ^o
^er ther les. Be systematic i

rk; :ie thi Id that

your best practice sheets
each plate for future reference. This
I

lur opportunity.

Salem, Mass., Mar, 9, 1905.

" After teaching and practicing the Madarasz
Method of Practical Writing for nearly three
years, I am convinced that it is the logical method
to get Results, and Results determine the
Salary.
I never miss an opporttinity to do Missionary
Work for voii, and wish voii all possible success.''
L. E. STACY
The above speaks for it:>clf-MADARASZ.

I C^^'Z*-a'<''€^^iLA--r^ £2-^-92^ .Scii.^^,^:-^'^^^'^^ -«><-«^ t'^t-Cl^^?^^ .^^^A?%C' /^ ^ C^^^iU. /2*i<i€-V2..^,i<:^£^z:^d^^tJ^2-^i?-r:

I
 ^^^^ud/ned^y^f/iu^ii^ ^
THE BEST IS AS CHEAP AS THE REST

Clarke's
Graham-
We 6laitn
that in CLARKE'S GRAHAM PITMANIC SHORTHAND
-

we have presented a time-tested system in a form that

Pltmanic makes it the peer of
reliable

any of the so-called "modern systems" in

and their superior incomparably in every other respect.

Shorthand briefness

This Too
No attempt to improve the original basis of Pitmanic Phonogfraphy

The has ever been successful — now, progressive teachers are beginning to

realize this fact fully and are looking about for the best presentation
Commercial of the system. To those who are open to conviction, we are willing

Textbool( to mail a copy of CLARKE'S GRAHAM- PITAMANIC

SHORTHAND on receipt of 75 cents, which will be refunded if

Company book is returned. It costs little to investigate ; it pays well.

Des Moines
Iowa TO KEEP ABREAST OF THE TIMES, KEEP QOINQ

R. N., Weaubleau.— Use beiter practice Kich Hill.- Study form closely
B. N. W.,
paper. Your capitals are too nourished for Curve down strokes in z less. Systematize
business Some of your small letters are your practice. Some of your capitals are
exceptionally fine. You have splendid exceptionally fine. Don't hurry the mini-
Questions Answered and movement. mum letters. Glad you are pleased with
" Lessons in Ornamental Penmanship."
Criticisms Offered by
T. C. S., Md.— You are doing first-i 3te.
C. P. Zaner. Work faithfully on the capitals from A. B. Z., Wn. Use smoother paper. Make
on, reviewing your small letters from 1 turns more rounding. Follow Cepek's les-
to time. sons. Watch spacing between irand r. You
are doing nicely; keep it up.
E. F. B., Pawtucket.— Your loops are uot J. C. H., Md.- Watch last upper turn of A. W. F., W. Va. Y'our exercises are
made quickly enough, nor with quite n and m. Curve down stroke in o more. superb. Your small letters are doing splen-
enough arm movement. Watch spacing Think of turn and angle more and you will didly; watch your small letters in your
between letters. Small o is too pointed at improve faster. You cross loops too high. sentence writing. Your capitals are in-
the top. Small a and c are usually too clined to be too elaborate and flourished;
large. You are ou the right track. Small keep them small and plain. You are pro-
lettare doing nicely. Figures are not as C. J. S.. Findlay.— Y'our movement exer- gressing; keep at it.
good as your letters, and your loops are not cises are excellent. Upper turn in h too
made freely enough. Watch the small angular. Down stroke in o too nearly
straight. Watch turn and angle closely in
letter rcarefuU^', both styles. You are on the
your sentence writing.
F. Miss. — Y'our penmanship shows right track for the certificate, which will be
J. G.,
plenty of movement and dasli. We would yours as soon as you put in practice the
suggest that you study form closely, and things criticised. Learn to finish each
that 5'ou give more attention to the little word more carefully. It ought not to take
letters. You can become a very fine pen-
you more than a month to secure the cer-
tificate, if you apply yourself intelligently.
man by systematizing j'our practice. Come
again.
J. B., Minn.— Y'our double pointed German
W. G., New Liskeard.— Your writing is is excellent. Your round hand can be ini
plain but lacks sufficient arm movement to proved by squaring the ends of the strokes,
make it graceful and uniform. Work faith- such as in i and t. I would suggest that
fully upon movement exercise and yous jou study form more closely, and practice
will win. more deliberately, for improvement in your
ornamental style. Learn to be deliberate
E. B., Pawtucket.— You need much more and yet not slow.
work movement exercises. Your figures
ifi
also need careful attention. Your small
letters are getting along nicely. Keep at it
M. B., Pawtucket.— Your loops are too
pointed at the ends. Last upper turn in ii
DESIGNED AND FILLED.
and come again. and Hi too sharp. Your mininunn letters RESOLUTIONS, MEMORIALS, TESTI-
are improving nicely. All in all. you are
T. C. S., Austin.- Watch detail more doing well. MONIALS, ETC., ENGROSSED.
closely in your word and sentence writing.
Think clearly of each letter as you make it. LETTERHEADS DESIGNED AND
Do not let the pen get ahead of your J. C. K., Niagara.— Y'our movement exer-
FURNISHED.
thought. You do well and can become a cises, as well as your work throughout, are
fine penman. I would recommend that you too slow. You making the improve-
are not
begin on the exercises and small letters, ment you should because your movoment
and master them thoroughly before at-
tempting advanced writing, such as page
istoo slow and sluggish. In the oval exer-
cises you ought to make al>out three hun-
SAMUEL D. HOLT,
writing. It takes time to cover a course of dred revolutions in a minute. Let us see penman and designer.
lessons, and to learn to apply the skill thus some that you make at about that rate of
acquired. speed. 931 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

C^;^-^^'~£yr€-e^±gy^ iZ'-yz^ l^e.c.^-^c^i'^Lzyrd ^oi^^.^ C/i-tz^fz^ .^^.i^^C' C^^Le. 73>cod'CO'2..£^^Ge^'Ct'*>gi'C^T^. I

I ^
 SPECIJIEN of diplopia work by E. I.. BROWN.

^=^
fr''

Faust s Automatic Shading Pens Are the Best

IVe
Manufacture
These Perns,

Also
FAUST'S
SHADING-
PEN INKS
aad FAVST'S
PATENT
MYOGRAPH.

We are wholesale and retail dealers in all kinds of Penmanship Specialties, Writing Pens,
Cards, Card Board, Fine Inks, Oblique Holders, etc. Everything needed by studenta or pro-
fessional penmen.
We want yon tu try our pens, and in order to make
it an inducement will send Assortment No. 1. consist-
We have just issued a fine, large, illustrated catalogue. Send for it. iiigof 15 popular styles, postpaid, upon receipt of 10
cents, and give you
AUTO PEN 4. INK MFG. CO., 40 DEARBORN ST CHICAGO. ,
FREE < Handsomt Penholder
C. HOWARD HUNT PEN CO., Camden, N. J

FOR SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES.

WE CARRY A COMPLETE LINE OF
STOCK DESIGNS WHICH CAN BE ADAPT-
ED TO ANY KIND OF AN INSTITUTION.
SPECIAL DESIGNS PREPARED AND LITH-
OGRAPHED PROMPTLY — ANNUAL ILLUS-
TRATED CATALOGUE FREE— IT WILL IN-
TEREST YOU — NOTIFY US IF YOU HAVE
NOT RECEIVED IT.
v.v.oT^^,
DESIGNING Tiv, ^ ENGROSSING
OF resolutions, etc ,

FOR ALL PURPOSES PLAIN OR IN COLORS.

ILLUMINATING ON PARCHMENT.
SEND FOR ESTIMATES.
The H. <a B. Imprint Stands for Excellence - U it on Your Diplomas? HOWARD ® BROWN, " R'tfcKLAND.^MAfNE"

<C^-2^-^e^T£U^iuyrxf a^-Tz^ ~^cc.^.^c4i.A.£^rd ^-oi^t^ ^^^i^tz^-^z^ y^.4^t^ C7%^ 73..€<.d<^^ri.i^d^€M:^.^.c^C€:i^^^€^^.

I ^ I
 f^^^Uii//t^4k(^Uui^i^r* ^
LEARN TO WlilTE YOUIi NAME.
Your name written in 12 different styles for
25c. Plain, fancy shadetl, Hoiirished, etc. Good
to practice from. Also lessons bv mail. Cata-
logue free.
Sirayer's Business College.
ELLSWORTH ® WHITMORE.
Philadelphia. Pa.
e:ste:rbrook's pcns "Easy to write with. Hard to use up."
CORRECT DESIGN UNIFORM TEMPER DURABILITY
ISO STYLES
A 1 Professional
453 liUblNESS AMJ CULLEUI:
Fine pointed and elastic Text Writers
for card writing Made in 3 widths and with lonj ft'ilh fine and extra fine points
point to both left and right Elastic and smooth writing

Esierbrook. Steel Pen Mf^. Co*

26 «Tohn St., N. Y. City

Know
How to
File u^^/ri
—Document;
—Legal Blank
-Card Records
/?£p/?o£)C/cf£i //v /7/?sr a/i3s sr/ie er
—Credit Report
—Deposit Tickets
—Insurance Pol
—Books —Reports
—Samples -Check
— Clippings —I
—Notes— Letters- Papers
Simply check tl ' '

\ /iW/r/f/f// /"ff/i/v/ri/Af fAf(//fAW/Y(/ & £ifcr/?oryp//v<;; coAfP/iA^y.

JU6~3SO Of/lfi-BO/f/V ST/?e£r

€k^l^
n^^i^:^a^^:

FIN£:ST PE^NMANSHIP SVPPLIE^S OBTAINABLtE:.

On goods listed below we paj' postage on those that goby mail and purchaser pays carriage charges on those that go by express or freight. Of
course the cheapest way is to order in fair sized quantities and have them go by freight.

PENS AND HOLDERS. BY MAIL, PREPAID. CARDS, INK. PAPER, ETC.

Zanen'an Fine Wriier Pen— The best Gillott's Lithographic Pen No. 290 Blank Cards— White bristol with Zanerian Pen. Pencil, and Paintin^
and finest fine writing pen made best — — One of the finest pointed drawing penmanship.
finest surface for tine Pad. and Portfolio, for sketching,
for engrossing, card writing and all fine pens made. 6 pens 25c. 3 pens 15c 100 by mail postpaid 28c drawing, and water color painting.
script work. Gross $1.00, 4 gross 25c. 500 by express Contains 40 sheets for $ .40
Gilhtts Crow Quill Pen No. 659— 75c
By mail 20 cents extra .60
1 dozen 12c 1000 by express.-- - $1.35
-

Very fine points. 6 pens 25c, 3 pens

--- --15c
Zanerian Ideal Pen— One of the best Zanerian India Ink— A fine drawing
pens made for general penwork busi- — Soennecken Lettering Pen — For Black Cards— Besi made for white ink and best for preparing script and
making German Text, Old English, and ink. drawings for photo-engraving.
ness or ornamental. One of the best
pens for beginners in penmanship. all broad pen letters. Set of 12— num- imiby mail postpaid 28c I bottle by mail, postpaid $ .30
Gross 75c, J4 gross 25c. 1 dozen 10c bers 1. IH, 2, 2'.^, 3, 3'-^. 4. 5 and 6 5(X> by express --- -- 75c 1 dozen bottles by express 2.00
I Zanerian Media! Pen— A hich-grade
single pointed and 10. 20 and 30 double
pointed - 25c
1000 by express -'-- $1.35

Arnold's Japan /n/r- Nearly J^ pint

medium, extra smooth pen for business Double Holder for Soennecken Pens White Cardboard— Weddine Bristol bottle by mail postpaid -$ .40
writing. None better. Just right for — Holds two pens at one time 10c for tinepen work. Sheets are 22x28. 1 pint by express 45
students and accountants. Gross 7oc,
6 sheets by express ---$ .60 1 quart by express 75
y* gross 25c Zanerian Oblique Penbolder—Hand~ ]2sheets by express 1.00
made, rosewood, 12 inches long, a 2 sheets by mail postpaid .50 White Ink— Very fine.
Zanerian Business Pen— A smooth, beautiful and perfect holder. 1 holder
1 bottle by mail, postpaid $ .25
durable, common
sense business pen. -- --- -- - 50c
12 bottles by express 1.85
For unshaded business writing, it has :rd finish.
never been excelled, if equaled. Gross Fine Art Oblique Holder Inlaid —
and fancy, hand-made, rosewood, and Writing Paper— Finest
12 lb. paper
by far the most beautiful holder made. 6 sheets by express-- - $ .40
made. 960 sheets per ream, ruling wide
1 holder sent in a small wooden box, 12 sheets by express
and faint. ream by express
1 $2.25
CiUoit's Principality No. 1 Pen— $1.00
-- .70
fine writing pen. Gross $1.00, H gross 3 sheets by mail, postpaid 50
25c. dozen --- 12c Writing Papei Same quality as
I
Excelsior Oblique Holder— The best above mentioned but 10 lb. per leam.
low-priced oblique holder made. Many Black Cardboard— Finest for white ream by express $2.tX)
Gillott's Double Elastic E. F. No. hundreds of gross have been sold. ink. Sheets are 22x2S.
1

604 Pen— A medium tine writing pen. Iiolder $ .10

1
sheets by express $ .50
1 dozen ..50
12 sheets by express .75
Practice Paper— Best for the money
% gross - .-- 1.10 2 sheets by mail, postpaid .50
to bf had. 1 I earn by express -. $1,50
Gillott's Magnum Quill E. F. No. '3 gross 2.15 Send stamp for samples of paper.
601 Pen— A business pen. Gross
% gross 25c, 1 dozen
$1.00.
12c
1 gross -- 4.25
—
Wedding Papei Finest for penman-
—
Straight Penholder —
Coik tipped ship or drawing. Sheets are 21x33, Envelopes
Gillott's No. 303 E. F. Pen— Used and best for business writing, flourish- 6 sheets by express - $..50 100 fine blue by mail, postpaid $ .10
largely for drawing purposes. Gross ing, etc. 1 holder 10c, 6 holders -fOc. 12 12 sheets by express - .70 100 fine white by mail, postpaid -ID

ll.at, li gross 25c. I dozen 12c holders - 65c 3 sheets by mail, postpaid .50 1000 either kind, by express 1.00

Cash must accompany all nrde Prices are too low to keep 1 mts
ney order, or stamps fors-unl! a

Address. ZANCR <Si BLOSER, COi^VMBVS, OHIO.

I i:^^f2i^'t^^^S''^'€^c<±^>'P'^ ^^'^^ C^^^7i€^,,:U-^^'Z.£^a^f£^<:iUc-€^^^ I
 f^^^ud/n^^^/aaU^ ^

THE BUSINESS PRACTICE DEPARTMENT

CONDUCTED
IS AN IMPORTANT FEATURE OF SCHOOL, IF IT IS WELL

The Sadler- Rowe International Business Practice

Presents a scheme for conducting work of this kind either with or without intercommunication, which
It is inex-
for originality, smoothness of operation, and excellence of results has never been equaled.
pensive, easy to manage and will produce the best possible results.
Full information in regard to office equipment, and supplies for students and offices will be given
upon request.
Investigate our new loose leaf office outfits.

TEACHERS CONTEMPLATING CHANGES FOR NEXT YEAR

"Would do well to carefully investigate the following books:
Lister's Budget of Writing Lessons TItat Teacli
Earnest's Englisli-Correspondenceand Letter Writing
/Veiv Metliod Speller
Essentials of Arithmetic, and Commercial Arithmetic
Billing (Graham-Pitmanic) Shorthand
ISew Rapid Shorthand
Commercial and Industrial Booklieeping
Business Bookkeeping and Practice and Banking
Send for our new line of advertising booklets, circulars, follow-up letters, etc.

AOO..SS SADLER'ROWE CO., Baltimore, Md.

Complete Touch
Typewriting Instructor
DIPLOMAS
We use what is generally conceded to be the The season of the year is at hand
most scientific and the most teachable presenta- when diplomas are in demand. We
tion of this important subject. In connection
are in a position to meet almost, if not
with the lessons on the keyboard a series of gym-
every need of a business school for
nastic exercises is used to strengthen the muscles
of the fingers. Clear and unique diagrams are diplomas.
used to show the position of the hands. Most of Our diplomas are all genuinely
the work is in typewriter tj^pe so the exercises lithographed and have a softness that
are perfectly natural in size and appearance. cannot be simulated by a reproduc-
Following the lessons on the keyboard there is a We
tion, even if printed from stone.
complete course of practice sufficient to occupy
the time of the pupil till he can be asked to tran-
correspondence of business
solicit the

scribe his shorthand notes. and shorthand schools needing diplo-

With this book as a guide pupils can' scarcely mas. In writing us concerning them
fail to make satisfactory progress. We can now be sure to state the course and give
furnish it in special editions for the Remington,
the full name of the school so we can
Smith Premier, Underwood and Oliver. You will
select the heading that fits your name.
make no mistake in using this book as your text.

CHICAGO POWERS & LYONS NEWYORK

I
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j
 ^^^^^u4/n^d^^if/iu^iiffr^ ^

OF ACTUILSUSIKESS
FROM 11K^.S^
 f^^^u^M^U^^&u^ii^ ^
Interesting E^xtrActs fronn Pt*tveLte Correspondence
The following are taken as samples from more than 150 calls for 'T shall be glad to have you send me information about a first class r
teachers, received at our desk between January 1 and April 10 to take charge of my school and teach Munson shorthand. I m
man who is good in the office as well as in the schoolroom, nd wlu :

"We wanttwo or three strong, erowinc commercial teachers for Septem^ competent to go out after business, also. I will pay from $100
ber. at frDm$130(.> to $1500. for day work* ten months. If eveniuE work [An excellent New England Commercial school.]
should be permitted or required, $3 per evening will be paid extra. We "I am a graduate of Dartmouth College and of the Rocheste
are comine to you early this year, for we waited until too late last year to Institute. I have a good position here in the East, but I wa]

obtain the advantage of your excellent system." [One of the finest private California. Can you help me' If you think you can. I will e ith
schools in the East.] you." [He did. and in less than three weeks he had an opportunity to go,
"Please send me confidential information regarding a competent man at his own price, to any one of four California schools of excellent stand-
to handle penmanship, law, and bookkeeping from now until fall at from ing. We work for our candidates.]
?I25 a gage for We 1

have a good man at on premier private scl 3l of the East.] Remember that the manager of this Agency began commercial
"I am forced to give up my k for the rest of thi 'ear. because of ill teaching in 1891, and has been at it ever since, except from April, 1897,
health I want you to [formation about soi competent men to
I
to September, 1899. when he was with one of the well-known com-
take my place. Of co 1 do not want the men to ki ything about meicial publishers, writing test-books - now used by the tens of
it, for I may be able hang on." [A fifteen-hundred-dollar job: of ; thousands among commercial schools — and traveling in all parts of
the most talked-of high schools in the coui
I the United States and Canada He has been Chairman of the Execut-
our system of sending formation without "sicking ive Committee of the National Commercial Teachers' Federation, and
dates is peculiarly anceptable.j is now Chairman of the Executive Committee of the National Busi-
"It looks as though we may lose the head of c ness Teachers' Association. He has been President of the Eastern
In order to be prepared for the emergency, if it Commercial T'achers' Association as well as prominent in its com-
about candidates that you mittee work. He started the New England High School. Commercial
should pay from $1500 i We have a splendidly equipped depart- Teachers' Association, and is actively identified with its work, bt-ing
inent." tOne of the very be St pri' ormal schools in the United States.] the Chairman of o e of its committees now. He is a member of the
"1 want J nfot about some good men to take charge Business Education Section of the National Educational Association,
:ial department r high school next fall. We have a and has repeatedly been on the programs and engaged in committee
woman, and the work should be work. These marks of confidence were all unsought, and are men-
these things work, and so 1 need not say to you that I shall not want you to tioned only that the free use of printer's ink by others may not ob-
notify candidates, for I shall have to use some diplomacy to bring about scure the fact that the manager of this Agency is in more intimate
the change. I shall appreciate your assistance very much, indeed." [The contact with all phases of activity in the field of commercial educa-
superintendent of schools in a most desirable little eastern city. The tion than is any other man. His position as Associate Editor of The
position will carry $1000.] BusiNKSs Educator — another unsought tribute to his ability to do
"If you will, send me data of candidates for the position of teacher of (/j/ngs — gives him no small influence among both teacher's and
commercial branches, without notifying the men themselves. We are officials genernlly, and among high school people particularly: a field
looking for a manfor bookkeeping, law, and arithmetic. No one but a col- in many ways most desirable for commercial teachers.
lege graduate would be acceptable," [One of the best high schools in the In view of these facts —
not empty assertions— would it not be well
Middle West, in what is commonly called the ideal American city.] to enroll with us, especially as yon have no fees to pay unless we get
"I shall be everlastingly grateful to you if you can get me a woman who you a posiiion that you are willing to take? Scores of others are
has common sense, who can teach Benn Pitman shorthand, ninth grade doing it to their profit why not you? A letier stating your qualifi-
;

Latin, and beginning English. She must be all right. We had the cards caiions will .brine a prompt, straightforward answer from us If we
stacked on us last year, and the man who sits in the game this year must can 't help you we '11 tell you so. We
have had to refuse more than
play square. Will pay %100 a month." [One of the Montana high schools.] one in recent months
"I want a first-class man to take charge of our shorthand department. THE NATIONAL COMMERCIAL TEACHERS' AGENCY
He must be an experienced Gregg teacher. What can vou do for me^"
(One of the foremost shorthand men in the U. S. This position commands A Specialty by a Specialist
from §12(X) to $1500.] E. E. Hayloku, Manager. Prospect Hill, Beverly, Mass.

NEW COMMERCIALr PVBLrlCATIONS

IN the: wiLrLriAMS AND R o G e: R s s e: R I e: s
COMMERCIAL LAW NEW COMMERCIAL ARITHMETIC
By D CURTIS GANO AHD SAMUEL C. WILLIAMS By JOHH H. MOORE

Half Leather. 399 Pages, $1 00 Half Leather, 392 Pages. $1,00

This book marks a distinctively forward The wide introduction of this book into
step in the pnblication of commercial law commercial schools in all parts of the
texts. It is the work of a prominent lawyer country, and its great popularity among
and of a siiccessfnl teachei', which insnres teachers of the subject, amply testify to its
the sonndness of the subject matter, and superior merits. While comprehensive in
the correctness of the treatment. The its scope, it contains no complicated or
principles are clearly and fully stated, and obsolete subjects. It is modern in its
are illnstrated by actual cases decided by methods and contains an abundance of
the courts. practical drills in business problems.

American Book Company

COMMERCIAL PUBLICATIONS DEPARTMENT
NEW YORK CINCINNATI CHICAGO

I C^:^^2,^-£''r£i^±ji^r^ ez-'^z^ lQ4^.^-^^c^i>A.£.-^J .-^t^^-t-^ CA,ciy'yz^ y7^^£^^ /^'^ y^7'L^^rL'^k^r^^,'0'>^^ C^^i-e, 7^.oc<Uyn~id^6^<:^'OC<'ei^^€^-'' I
 ^^^^fO/n^d^^^/iu^ii^ ^

PERNIN UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY

The Original Light Line Shorihand.

NO SHADING NO POSITION C0NNE:CTIVC: VOWKLrS

The Simplest, Most Legible and Rapid Shorthand Ever Invented.

A. Raclica.1 Departure from Pitmanic Principles.

the corner stone which marks the era of a

is
Pernin Phonography revolution in the art of shorthand writing.
To-day every up-to-date school teaches light line shorthand — is your school
among them ?

If you don't teach Pernin shorthand, write us to-day. Full descriptive

matter will be mailed you upon request. Ask for our booklet about Pernin
Universal Phonography— a postal card will bring it.

The Best Shorthand for the School

Absolutely No Failures

The Only Shorthand for the Pupil

AWARDED WORLD'S FAIR MEDAL AND DIPLOMAS

rr A pijrpc | The DEMAND
competent Pernin teachers far ex-
for
' ^'^'-'' ll-IIO .
We want every teacher
ceeds our supply.
apply. te who can
handle commercial subjects and PERNIN SHORTHAND to file an applica-
tion with us at once for the coming fall. Do it now. If you are a commer-
cial teacher and can't teach PERNIN SHORTHAND, or if you teach some
other system and wish to increase your earning capacity, and create a
greater demand for your services, write us to-day — we have a proposition
that will interest you.

Ha-ve You Vsed

Pernin's Business Dictation Book?
It is composed of Actual Dictated Business Letters. Conceded by all who have used it to be the
best work of the kind published.
Sample Copy i.o Schools, 35o Postpaid.

Bhe H. M. Pernin Publishing Co., Detroit, Mich.

j ^iJ^J^A^^-TzJ^^f^-^?^ ce.'-yz^ ^^c4.,^-^*.^2^£^'r:^ -'t^t^^^^ t^t'€:i^'n^ yyL-e~t^ ^

C7%vr. /3,<4,d.<^'yt.^4d^6^i::6<.^..<'€::i.^<r7'.
|
 ^u^i^t^iU^^^f/iu^ii&^ ^

From $800 to ^"er sixteen

Lessons by
$ 200 a Year I correspondence

So great have been the demands upon our time and energies in keeping pace with the volume of
correspondence pouring in upon us from private commercial schools that we have hitherto been unable

to give any atiention to the introduction of Gregg Shorthand into the public schools. Notwithstanding
this the Gregg system is taught in a very large number of publi; schools with most gratifying results.
With thj public schools the system has made its way by force of its intrinsic merits.

Amoh§ the Schools Which Adopted the System this Season are the
1^=:=:=^=^^=^^^=^:=^ Followin;^ :
^====^=^==^^===
Seattle High School, Seattle, Wash. Ottawa High School, Ottawa, 111.
JolietHigh School, Joliet, 111. La Crosse High School, La Crosse, Wis.
Morse High School, Bath, Me. Peoria High School, Peoria, 111.
Rockford High School, Rockford, 111. Brainerd High School, Brainerd, Minn.
Merrill High School, Merrill, Wis. Lead High School, Lead, S. D.
Carbondale High School, Carbondale, Pa. Newton High School, Newton, Kans.
Jacksonville High School, Jacksonville, 111. Grand Forks High School, Grand Forks, N. D.
Marshall High School, Marshall, 111. Morton High School, Morton, 111.
N. B.— The Rockford High School discarded the Munson, Joliet High School discarded
Dement, Peoria High School and Morse High School discarded Pitman, Merrill High School
discarded Cross Eclectic, as did the Lead High School, Carbondale High School discarded Pernin.

This is not a complete list, but 'twill serve. It has been sufficient to impress us with the idea
that if the system could make so much progress with the public schools without effort on our part, it

would make stillmore rapid progress if its merits were brought to the attention of the superintendents,

principals of high schools, and teachers in charge of the commercial departments. We are therefore

starting on a "campaign of education" in this direction — and this is the fir it intimation.

By reason of its simplicity, legibility and the sound pedagogical arrangement of the textbook,

Gregg Shorthand is peculiarly adapted for use in high schools, but there is one serious obstacle : The
extraordinary progress of Gregg Shorthand with the private commercial schools has exhausted the sup
ply of high grade teachers who can handle the commercial subjects as well as Gregg Shorthand. Our
free course of correspondence lessons is proving of great assistance, but the demand still exceeds the sup-

ply. Recently a commercial teacher who had taken sixteen lessons by correspondence (free of charge)
—
was placed by us in a position at $1200 his previous position paying but $800.
If you are interested, write to us; and if a teacher ask for "Proposition No. I."

THE QliEQQ PUBLISHING CO.

Chicago, Illinois.

aa^u.e^rii^j-'rd O'Ti^ l^^,^,/^^<,d^L^yr^ ^<^>^^ C^t.a,->T^ .y^iftt' /i^y^^^ C^ui.7i*uU*iu^^dit^yOci.^*^ \

\
 *^^3Buii/n^d^^dfu^iilfr* ^

A Munson Court Reporter's Tribute to

THE ISAAC PITMAN SHORTHAND
CITY COURT OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK
February 23rd, i905
Messrs. Isaac Pitman Sons, &
31 Union Square, City.
Dear Sirs Altliough I liave been writing professionally, Munson's System of Phonography for
:

twenty-five years as a means of "keeping the wcif from the d )or," and, while its utilization for
such a long period would very naturally prejudice me in its favor, nevertheless, truth compels the
acknowledgment that there are other systems of shorthand extant in the land, and that a recent
critical and exhaustive examination of your Complete Shorthand Instructor (20th Century Edition),
has revealed to me its many excellencies of which I had heretofore but a hazy conception. Its sim-
plicity is admirable, its legibility remarkable, its adaptability to foreign languages marvellous; and
the celerity and accuracy with which some -of my professional brethren write it, is astonishing. As
a system, its completeness certainly commands my sincere admiration.
If had ten boys, no matter in what commercial line they embarked or what professional path
I

they elected to tread, should insist that each and every one of them be proficient in the art of
I

Phonography, not only for its utility but also as an accomplishment.

Yours very truly,
(Signed) JOHN R. POTTS,
Official Stenographer.

FOVRTH EDITION SECOND EDIXION-Re^ 3d tLnd. Enlai-^ea

Compiled by Robert A. Kells
A PRACTICAL COURSE IN
Containing an up-to-date col-
genuine letters cover-
lection of
ing Fifty Distinct Lines of
Business Legal Forms, and a
judicious selection of practice-
TOUCH TYPEWRITING
matter for general dictation.
Also chapters on Spelling, A Scientific Method of Mastering
Punctuation. Capitalization,
and Short Practical Talks with the Key-board by the sense of Touch
the Amanuensis. This work has
been adopted by hundreds of By CHARLES E. SMITH
progressive schools, without ref-
erence to the system of Short-
hand tau.ght.
SPE^CIAIy F^EATVRES :

LEGAL FORMS Hn invariable syslctn of finSerinS arranSecl

The portion of the work de- alon^ the line of least resistance.
voted to Legal Forms has been Gives absollite comrnancl of every key.
specially written by Henry W.
Thome, Counselorat-Law and Charts and diagrams in five colors.
Official Stenographer, Johns- Words not arranged in the hackneyed alpha-
town, N. Y., and contains chapters on the following subjects: betical order.
Introduction; Class I.— Miscellaneous Legal Documents; Class
II.— Legal Papers in Actions; Class III. Law Stenographer's
Transcripts, Etc.
"It is one of the best books I have ever seen. Every short- '•I am delighted with 'A Practical Course in Touch
hand teacher and student should have one." Typewriting.' It is the best I have ever seen. A close ex-
—/. A'. Sprouse, The A'eir FresnofCal.) Business College. amination will reveal the wonderfully painstaking work
in the selection of practice material. There is no waste of
"I like the 'Twentieth Century Dictation Book' very energ.v on the part of the pupil or teacher; every exercise
much indeed. It seems to be the best work so far produced and every word has a specific purpose; and the learner is
of its kind,and I have the pleasure in herewith enclosing you conducted by the shortest and most expeditious route
an iutroductorj' order for the same." possible to a high standard of proficiency. The unique
— Charles M. Niller, Miller School, Xeir York. arrangements of the lessons enables a teacher to handle
about twice the number of pupils, and with far tiiwre sat-
Boards and Cloth Back, 272 pp., 75 cents; Cloth, $1.00. isfactory results. It is impossible to expiate too forcibly
on the merits of this work, and I predict for it a very wide
ExamitiHtion copy to schools and known teachers sent post- adoption."-^. M. Kennedr, Central Business College.
paid on receipt of 5S cents, or 76' cents. Ltd., Toronto, Ont.

kd for copy of PITMAN'S JOVRNA.L, the Offici kl Organ of the Isaac Pitman Shorthand.
Yearly Subscription 50 Cents.

ISAAC PITMAN <a SONS, ^Z^'^-JVJt-Z

Publishers of ' Isaac Pitman's Shorthand Instructor," $1 50. Ejcclusively adopted by the High Schools
of Greater New York.

1 C^^'Z'^'-ricJuyf^ O'n.ef' ^oc^-^i.^tyA^^Td ^u^-t^ j^A.ci.'r-zy^ yT^y<n<y /i->' ^fT'2.£<>T.-Cc-<ri-t-0'y^ 0%.^. 73^iAiy>TuA^ (EJ^-t^oc-aZtT-r: [
 Professional Edition. $1.00 a Year.
COLUMBUS, 0., MAY, 1905. Penmanship Edition, 65 cents a Year.

THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR. Cbc Same Old Failure. not Success, but Service.

E'V'ery now and then the news comes Not long since while conversing
along that this city and that school upon matters pertaining; to young
Published Monthly (except July and August), by
board and some other system of men and women, the genial Chas. J.
Zaner & Bloser. us N. High St., Columbus. O., as Smith, of the Iron City College,
follows: Teachers' Professional Edition, $1.00 a schools have discarded vertical and Pittsburg, Pa., gently tapped me on
Year (Foreign Subscriptions 30 cents extra); Stud-
ents' Penmanship Edition, 65 cents a year, (Foreign adopted slant writing, or something the shoulder and said: "As you
Subscriptions 30 cents extra). of similar import. come and go and influence young
Editoi
What does it all mean ? As a rule men in our profession, do what you
C. P. Zaner. Columbus, O. - - -

E. E. Gavlord. Beverly. Mass. - .Associate Editor itmeans that a change of I'ofiv books can to help them to see and to realize
E- W. Bloser, Columbus. O. - Business Manager and s/a>// has been made simply that
;
that serz'ice, not success, should be
Address all communications to Zaner & Bloser, and nothing more. It means, nine their aim ; that sticcess is possible
Columbus, O.. except those relating to the depart- only through service."
ments, which may be sent to Mr. Gaylord. times out of ten, the same old draw-
And so it is. Learn to be service-
ing, excessive finger movement, and able and you have already learned to
Two Edifions. The Business Educator is
gripping which we had before verti-
published in two editions: The Teachers' Profes- be successful. Let your endeavors
sional Edition contains 48 or more pages. 16 of cal came, and will continue to have be to be of service to yourself and
which are conducted on the Department plan and until movement is taught in conjunc- your fellows, and you'll know the
specially suited to the needs of teachers, principals,
and proprietors. Colored title page. Price $1.00 a tion with form. fullest measure of the meaning and
"Medial" slant is simply a new substance of success.
The Students' Penmanship Edition contains 32 Begin today by serving yourself to
pages and is the same as the Professional Edition, name for the same old conditions.
less the sixteen pages devoted to the Departments the best before you in the way of
of Commercial Teaching. This edition is specially
How long will school people remain practical grammar; quick and accu-
suited to students in Commercial. Public and blind to the real facts ? Or how long rate mathematics rapid and legible
;
Private schools, and contains all of the Penmanship,
will they remain tools of book compa- penmanship; scientific accounting;
Engrossing, Pen Art, and Lesson features in the
Professional Edition. Price 65 cents a year. nies ? The latter supply what is de- reliable, readable shorthand neat,;

manded. If school men will demand infallible typewriting, etc., and in so

Change of Address. Ifyou change your ad-
doing you will be preparing to serve
dress, be sure to notify us promptly (in advance, if movement and form publications,
possible), and be careful to give the old as well as the book companies will fall over others to the best service human
the new address. We lose many papers each issue each other to supply the same. hearts, heads, and hands can dedi-
through negligence on the part of subscribers. cate their energies to, that of every-
Back Numbers cannot, as a rule, be supplied. Form alone results in mere draw-
Postmasters are not allowed to forward journals ing. Movement alone results in mere day usefulness. In return you will
unless postage is sent to them for that purpose. scrawls. The two together, rightly receive your reward in dollars as
blended, result in the highest art of well as in appreciation.
The Business Educafor is devoted to the pro- written characters. For, whether they show it ordinar-
gressive and practical interests of Business Educa-
tion and Penmanship. A journal whose mission is Rightly blended, form and move- ily or not, business men do appreci-
lO dignify, popularize, and improve the world's ment require no more time to acquire ate service, and are willing to pay for
newest and neediest education. It purposes to
inspire and instruct both pupil and teacher, and to practically than is now given the sub- it.

further the interests of those engaged in the work, ject in the public schools. Then why But this service is not to be had in
in private as well as in Dublic institutions of busi- not learn correctly ? a minute or developed in a day. It
ness educ^*i'~'" right time. must become a part and parcel of
Start right at the
Adverttslni Rates furnished upon application. Simplify the forms taught, in order your very sinew. It must be so
grade
Tmk Business Educator being the highest
read by the to make the art of writing easy to ac- interwoven in your thoughts and
fts class, is purchased and
journal of
those mter- quire. Teach form and movement at actions that in time we call it habit.
most intelligent and well-to-do among
ested in business education and
penmanship, in the one and the same time, and enthusi- That means that in due course of
every
United States, Canada, England, and nearly astically. These are the necessary time following right motives and
not alone among
country on the globe. It circulates untiring acts, you will become so
business college proprietors, teachers,
and pupils, steps. Omit one, and the other two
but also among principals of
commercial depart become that much more difficult and used to being serviceable that all
Religious
ments of High Schools. Colleges and home impossible. your acts will partake of that char-
Schools, as well as among office workers, acter, whether they be unconscious
ttndepts, etc.
Slant or no slant; copy books or no
Agents, and Club copy book, drawing in the guise of or voluntary.
Rales to leaeHers,
Rai^*-'S sent upon application. Write for them writing must be abandoned before Be serviceable and some day you
wtiether you are in a position to send few or many relief of any consequence may be e.x- will be served — some day you will
Sample copies furnished to secure
subs:riptions.
subscriptions.
pected. know what it means to serve and to
Considering that The Business Educator is The Business Educator as the he served in turn. And the chances
high grade in every particular; that progressiye, champion of form and movement, are that you will be served to that
practical lessons in penmanship are a distinctive your co-operation which you have yourself been serv-
feature of the magazine; that departments of inter-
hereby solicits in
est and helpfulness in subjects relating to Business awakening the right interest in this ing, for like attracts like.
Education are found only in The Business Edu- important element of our public See to it that you serve unselfishly
cator you will readily see that it is not only school education among school men and excellently _so_ that you may in
(he best but the cheapest, when quality, character
and quantity are considered. generally. Let us hear from you. turn be served similarly.
 f^^fSBud/n^dS^dfu^iilfr ^
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PROGRESSIVE
LESSONS IN 53u5tne55 Penmanst^ip
/y' "y^ Work
Supervisor of Writ-
mg in the Beverly,
Mass., Public
^^^^^ U >-n^
^-^~x ±"^,'^'
for criticisn
IZHlVL'i^
to Mr. Doner by
fifth of each
Schools. month.

-<^.x/... ,..^.^..- ^ -
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-

Instructions.
I am going to let vou go ahead this month without very much instruction. There nre tiine*^ when one is overcrowded with work, and
just now I am in tliat position.
I wish to say, however, that I hope you will all keep up j'our practice on these lessons (hiring this month and next. I want to see as
many as possible get the certificate.
Give the sentences in this lesson some good hard practice. By doing so you will improve in making small letters, and that is what
a great many of you need.
Let me have your practice work as early as you can, for I will want to communicate with Mr. Zaner regarding the certificate, etc.
before tlie first of June.

2.22

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eriticisms.

E. F. B., R. I.Your movement exercises are good. Give more timeto figures and small letters.

W. B., Pa. You are improving nicely. Keep the good work up, and come again.
S. J. B., Mich. Your work is much better this month. Keep your movement up.
W. A. B., Calif. You are doing well. There were 78 pages in your last lot. That's right, keep it up.
H. Can. Write a little larger, and use more arm movement. Practice exercises.
B.,
C. H. B., Me. You are a dandy in putting up good work. Your exercises are fine. Give more time to the figures.
L. B., N. J. Your movement exercises are fine. Go ahead, make Thornburgh's 7.
E. L. C, N. C. Your work for January is good. Give some time to small letter practice. You ouglit to do well by June.
C. S. COhio. I'oii trrite too heai-j: Please watch this.
S. O. C, la. Yes, you are doing better. Don't allow yourself to get nervous. Make up your mind that you
wont.
W. H. C, R. I., Your work is fine. No special criticism. Come Again.
O. C. D., Md. I like your work. You ought to do well by June.
VV. A. D.. la. Your exercises are some of the finest I have received. You get a clean line.
E. W. D., Mich. You sent me a fine lot of work. Suppose you write a trille smaller. I think it will be better.
K. F.. Ind. Your exercises are good. Spend a little more time on small letters and figures. Study small c, s. a and r.
M. N. F., la. Your work is much better. You ought to do well by June.
J. Mass. Your work is fine. Make figures a little bigger. Come again.
P. G.,
O. G., N. Y. Be more systematic in doing your work Practice more on small letters.
E. F. H., E. I. Am
pleased with your work. Give more time to figures.
T. H. H., Can. Practice on small letters by all means. Your exercises are good, but small letters poor.
B. A. H.,Pa. I can see a great improvement in your wt>rk. Keep on.
J. E. H., Mo. You make a fine line,
but be careful not to make your letters too slowly.
W. W. K., Mich. Glad to get your work again. Let me see some small letter work.
P. R. K., O. Don't send so much, and try to do better what you do send. Keep right on and you will win.
C. K., Pa. Your work is fine. No special criticism. You might give the figures more attention.
E. S. M., Calif. Write a little smaller. Your exercises are good. Come again.
E. W. M., Minn. Try writing a bit smaller. I like your movement work.
R. W. N., III. Give more time to the small letters, and come again.
J. F. N., Del. You are to be commended
on the good work you are doing in the office. I like your work — keep sending it right along.
R. C. N., Mo. Try writing a little smaller. You get a good line.
E. O. P., Wis. Your exercises are well made. Come right along with more work.
C. A. P., Ind. Write a little smaller, and try to make movement exercises lighter.
S. A. P., R. I. Your work is fine this month. You ought to make a good penman. Get a little more movement to your small writing.
G. H. P., R. I. Use more movement in small letter practice. Make the pen go.
E. P., Pa. Try writing a little smaller. I think you will like it better.
J. S., Minn. Can't you use a better paper? You are doing better work.
T. J. S., la. Give more time to the figures. I see an improvement.
J. N. S., la. I like your work. You ought to make a good writer
D. H. S., Mass. Now you are improving. Keep the good work up.
S. S., Can. Your work is good. Am
pressed for time — so I won't criticise close this month.
G. S., Pa. Try to write more lightly— your hand is heavy. Come again.
E. J. S., Wis. You are doing well. Keep the good work up.
W. W. T., la. Get a little more movement to your work. Use a better paper if possible.
E. E. W., N. J. Your exercises are fine — some of the best I have received.
D. S. W., Pa. Your work is good for this month. Keep right on.
S. K. W., Mass. You may use a little finger action in making l,j-, etc. Your exercises are good.
J. C. W., Ga. I like your work. Your compact movement exercises ought to be higher than wide. Come again.
B. N. W., Mo. Your work is much better. Keep at it.
W. T. Y., Kan. Use a better ink and paper. If I were you I should not mix shaded writing in with your business writing.
C. H. I., N. J.— You are doing stronger work with a coarse pen. Try to have small ni and n well rounded at top. You are improving.

From Elliott's business school, Wheeling, W. Va., J. F. Caskey teacher of penmanship:

C. T. A. You are getting your small letters down in fine shape. They have a professional look.
M. B. You have made a wonderful improvement. Keep the good work up.
B. H. Try to bring your small letters up. Also your figures. Your movement exercises are good.
H. W. N. I can see a better line in your work. Give the figures more attention.
E. W. S. You are getting a much better line to your work. I'm glad to see this. Don't give up.
W. B. I'm glad to number you with the others from Wheeling. You seem to start off in good shape. Keep it up.
J. C. F. Your exercises are good. You ought to give more time to the figures. •

eurrUr's Sriticisms.
E. K. W.. N. J. Always glad to inspect your work. Loop letters h and k have too much curve in downward stroke. Try to acquire a
lighter touch.
T. J. S.. la. You are improving steadily. Study form and spacingdiligently and it will add materially to the beauty and uniformity
ofyour writing.
R. M. B Pa. You do nice work. The bases
,
of small 6, i' and /are too angular. Capitals are good. Use a strong, free movement for
the small letters.
F. W. W., Pa. I am surprised at the improvement you have made since I heard from you last. Increase the size of capitals slightlj-.
Keep the good work.
itp
L. R. N.,Mont. Thanks for your kind letter. You are gaining in strength of line. Now aim to be more accurate and systematic. It
will change the appearance of your writing greatly.
E. B. S.. Pa. More movement! More movement! You need lots of it ! Fight it out along that line at the rate of a half hour daily.
Practice big exercises with plenty of vim.
E. L. C, N. C. You can become an expert if you will study form more and speed less. Capitals are fine. Study small letters indi-
vidually until you secure accuracy.
S. S.,Can. I like your work. Your efforts are of the right kind. Watch curvature between small letters. Carefully examine each
word as yon write it. Small s is too narrow and slanting.
 "^^^^^w^mnT^r^^.

Cessons \\\ Practical IDnting

Students* Speci-
uiens criticised
chrouul* tlic
B. K.

Cesson z
'*
He who work is brother to him that is a great waster."
is slotliful in his
The style of one's handwriting is a matter of habit. Examine the style of yours and see whether it is a good habit or a poor
one. If the latter, why not change before it becomes lixed?
Many desire a beautiful handwriting, while but few are willing to give the time and effort required to obtain it. It would be
well to spend much time on the exercise work for the developnjent of the muscle, so that you may acquire a solid foundation for
the work later. As sure as good penmanship is one of the requirements of business, so is strength of line, beauty of form and
uniformity of slope the essential features of good writing.
I shall be pleased to criticise specimens, through the columns of this paper, submitted to me by the fifth of each month.
Kindly give as near as you can, the time and work required on each lesson and note the result in a few months.
1 -Position.
Position, like everytliing else in writing, requires the closest attention. Let the nails of
the 3rd and 4th fingers rest and slide on the paper. In the diagram you will notice just where
the muscle touches the desk. Tlace your paper so that the lines run directly across the wrist,
when the hand is in the centre of the page. Your wrist when in position will be nearly fiat
but not touching the paper. The holder should point over the right shoulder. Grasp the pen
holder about an inch from the point of pen and hold lightly between the thumb, 1st and 2nd
fingers. Place your feet squarely on the floor. Your body should be facing the desk and
bending only at the hips. Avoid bending the head too far over the paper or turning it over
on the side. Study this over fro e until you have gained the corj-ect position.

PLATE 6

This plate consists of exercises for the development of the muscle and is a review^ of Plates 1 and 2 in Lesson 1. It should be
practiced for thirty minutes before taking up the next plate, or thirty minutes every day before practicing the others. This exer-
cise work is very important, and should not be slighted.

PLATE 7

In Plate 7we have a review, somewhat, of Plate 5 in LessoiIn the small u, all down strokes are on the same slant and are
formed of the same principles all through, also finished with th
•ard curve. The xi must have down strokes on the same slant,
with angle at bottom. In joining the small h, i'and i otice the bnse stroke is of the same length between the letters. In the
three ii's spacing must be the same, with the retrace on the last half The word " wirt," in Exercise 6, cannot be practiced too
much, and I should say abdut three or four pages every day for on ek.
 f^^f3^ud/n^d^^fiUu¥i^i^ ^
PLATE 8.

The small v is not hard to make ifNotice the first stroke. It has the same principles as /n or ft, finished
you go at it right.
with a slight inward curve and retrace stroke same as the small ir. Practice each line of this plate thoroujihly until you have
mastered it. Small e should be crossed near the centre. Make a loop every time. Notice particularly slant and space. Do not
leave out the base stroke.

Small r is composed of the inward curve, with the retrace. Notice down strokes in regard to slant. Make tlieni easily and
smoothly. Avoid all stiffness. Try several pages of each of the lines. In Exercise 5 is another style of r, sometimes used on
finishing words. Practice Exercise 6 with great care, watching angle at the bottom of small a.

The small composed of the outward curve and down stroke and inclined to be straight. The only way to master this letter
c is
is to keep at it, watching form carefully. Here we have a review of the small v, and introduce the small o. Xotice the o has a
sligiit retrace after closing, and the up stroke is curved. Write several pages of Exercise 1 before you try the others.

PLATE 11

Here we have the small 1, composed of the inward curve three-quarters of a space high, with straight di wn stroke and fin-
ished with the inward curve. In practicing the i, retrace seven times on the down stroke. Get a good curve on the up stroke.
Have the letters the same height. Write several pages of each line. Be careful and shorten each stroke evenly, All down strokes
are straight and are on the same slant.

Note. — Iam a firm believer in wide spacing, and wher it has been used witii discretion I have never had a failure with any
of my students in establishing a nice business hand.
 .^^3Bud/neU^i^/ifu^i^ ^

Criticisms.
M. G., Des Moines. Vour work on Lesson One is the best received thus far, and I have examined many specimens. Watch the last
upper turn in small n. You are inclined to curve the up strokes too much.
0. M. Rufus, N. C. Am glad you desire to follow my lessons. Practice on exercise work a great deal. Make the principles of mand
n same heijjht, and do not retrace Last part of b- '2 space. Try hard and win a certificate.
W. H. C, R. I. Your ovals show good movement, tietter than the average. Do not retrace the last stroke in small u. Watch the
principles of the m and n. and get them the same height. Keep the good work up.
E. E. W., N. J. f;iad to receive your work. Your exercises compare with the best. Do not retrace the principles of m, 22 and u.
Avoid sharp turns at top of //; and n. Make letters a trifle higher. Your writing is' very promising. Come again.
B. K., R 1. What you need is more practice on exercise work to develop a free" movement. In retracing small w, bring pen directly
back on retrace. Don't retrace the principle in small rn Work hard.
R. C. W., R. I. You need more work to develop a free and easy movement. Make letters of uniform size and height. Get an even
b.'ise stroke. Make up your mind for a certificate.
C. B. T., R. L You are on the right track. Try and develop a free movement. Practice much on exercise work. Get all down strokes
on the same slant. Make letters the same size.
m
M. E. L., R. \. Your work is very promising. Your letters are slanted a little too much. Do not retrace the principle of the and 11,
Practice the oval exercises.
E. B., R. L You need to acquire a lighter stroke as your ovals have a muddy appearance. Make letters of the same size and slant.
Study the small \i and i>- carefully. You are doing nicely.
1. E. G., R. I. Your work is very neat. Your oval exercises are especially good. Try and get down strokes straight. Do not retrace
principles of /21, u and n. Keep up the good work.
F. F., Pawtucket. Try for a light, even stroke. Practice much oh the oval work. Down strokes are especially heavy. Get a uniform
slant. Follow the lessons carefully and try for a certificate.
A. B. P., N. Y. Pleased to receive vour work. Do not bear heavily on the pen. In finishing strokes, lift the pen while moving. Try
for a lighter stroke. Keep all base strokes on blue line. You are on the right track.

c;C£>t.^'0^ .tf^-^A^?:-^

(^Mvc.^^€i<ty M^^^<^^.

WOKK BY A DONER-THOKNBURG PL'PII..

 '

>W>¥>yJ;r.>.y'>i:':'^'JW^J^.^)^^^^

Ct?e IDinning of a ^air ^av^

A SCRIPT SERIAL IN TEN NUMBERS. No. TWO.

S(U III 1 K\MI\(,H\^I M \SS.

W^i^^i"i^MM^EM&^iii-))W
'' '

'
1
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Body^writing.
being, perhaps the
There are various points to be taken into consideration in Body-writing; slant, spacing and strengtli of line,
hence all letters, and
most essential, as the general appearance of the page must be thought of, rather than each word by itself;
especially the loop letters, must have the same height and slant.
 ^^^^Uiim^i^^t/iuxiiir' ^
The E. C. T. A. Convention.
new Officers. ees. He lamented the low plane of ofWilmington, Del., had suspended
our business morals, and expressed a of charts with which to
number
President, Chas. T. Piatt, Hoboken, the belief that we should teach mor- his
illustrate method of teaching
N. J. als and ethics in our commercial bookkeeping to beginners.
1st V.-Pres., E. E. Kent, Spring- schools. He distributed mimeographed data,
Mr. H. M. Rowe, of Baltimore, re- formed a class of teachers as
2d'v.-Pres., Miss Stella Smith. Bos- sponded for the Association, explain- beginning pupils, and proceeded
ton. ing and justifying the work of private to develop the subject after the man-
3d V.-Pres., H. W. Patten, Phila- commercial schools, and supporting ner of an institute instructor.
delphia. Chancellor McCracken's plea for the The only difficulty— though it should
Secretary, F. E. Lakev, Providence. teaching of ethics. have been considered a virtue — was
1st Asst. Sec, Mrs. Nina Noble, S. President Hope then delivered a that the class knew too much.
Framingham, Mass. brief, breezy, and practical off-hand The}' constantly interrupted the
2il Asst. Sec, W. P. Steinhaeuser, address. He
praised the Executive instructor with questions quite be-
.Schuylkill, Pa. Committee for their hard work, and yond the capacity of the average
Treasurer, W. B. Matthias, Bridge- suggested that some commercial pupil, thoueh of just the character to
port, Conn. school products — a shorthand con- provoke a discussion that would elicit
Asst. Treas., C. C. Lister, Balti- under prescribed rules, for in- the best possible information as to the
test
more. stance — would prove an interesting various methods of handling these
Executive Bo.m!d — For three years: feature of coming conventions. He first steps in learning the science of
thought the President should be able bookkeeping.
E. M. Hull, New York. to formulate a program, the Executive Mr. Beacom began with the jour-
J. E. CAW, Trenton, N. J.
Committee co-operating, instead of nal, passed to the ledger, dwelt on the
Baltimore, Md., Business College reversing these positions, as at pres- trial balance, and touched on the bal-
next place of meeting. ent. He thought the Association, ance sheet.
with a plethoric pocketbook, should At every point, very interesting
at least carry a small advertisement discussion arose, and it was a matter
General meeting. Cbursdav in the professional journals so as to of regret to all present that the exer-
justify in part the granting of liberal cise had to be brought to a premature
morning, Jlpril 20, l<)05.
space for announcements. He would close because one hour and twenty
like to see the proceedings printed. minutes had unconsciously been used
The weather man and President After appointing the usual commit- in disposing of a twenty minute paper.
Hope were on good terms. No more tees, the opening session was ad- Rev. Thos. McMillan, New York
beautiful spring weather ever greeted journed—on time! City, President of the Catholic Sum-
the Eastern Commercial Teachers, as At this first session we observed mer School, then delivered a brief and
they gathered for the opening ses- the following men from a distance: happy address on " Experiences of
sion of their annual meeting, than J. A. Lyons, Chicago A. N. Palmer,
; Young Men I Have known in Busi-
was prepared for them this year. Cedar Rapids; J. C. Kennedy, De- ness."
troit; Enos Spencer, Louisville; H. This address was followed by an
President Hope called the meeting L. Andrews, Pittsburg; S. C. Wil- inspirational paper by George L. Mur-
to order oracticallv on time, and liams, Rochester. ray, the talented associate principal
Chancellor McCiacken, of New York of Brooklyn Business Institute.
University, made the welcoming ad- THURSDAY .\FTERNOON Mr. Murray is without doubt one of
dress. He described the work of the Promptly on the hour, President the brightest, broadest and most high-
University, compared the magnitude Hope called to order about one hun- minded young men in our profession.
and methods of business of forty dred teachers to listen to a brief but This \vas the first opportunitj- the
years ago with to-day, dwelt on the very interesting address by Rev. \Vm. Association has had to hear ^Ir. Mur-
need in this country of a class of D. Bridge of New York, the veteran ray since his return from Constan-
men of high intelligence, unquest- writer and teacher, on " Shorthand tinople, where for three years he
ioned integrity, and marked ability Reminiscences." served as Treasurer and head of the
in accounting', to act as checks on The meeting then adjourned to Department of Commerce of Robert
the looseness of directors and trust- another room, where W. H. Beacom, College.

A. S. IIEANEV.. GEN. SEC. WM. HOPE, PRES W. II. BEACO?I.

 M^^S^/Om^dy^f^uai^ ^
meaning of commercial geography as
FRIDAY MORNING. he showed that while Phy-
a science,
The meeting opened with a paper by sics is a science, it is but a part of the
S. C. Williams, teacher of Commercial great fund of knowledge that minis-
Law Rochester Business Insti-
in the ters to the welfare of mankind, and
tute, on " Suggestions to Teachers for that the same thing is true of every
Securing Interest in the Subject of other natural science, but that the sci-
Commercial Law." The paper was ence of commerce is the science of sci-
very excellent and teemed with valu- ences, because it embraces all others.
able suggestions. The speaker be- Mr. Carpenter then explained the prin-
lieved that one of the best methods of cipal methods now in use in teaching
securing interest in the subject was to this important subject: the geographi-
create a spirit of inquiry. Questions cal method, the Philadelphia method,
by students should, therefore, be en- and the Boston method. The first
couraged. The teacher should make takes up geographical division, and
thorough preparation for and should, studies everything relating to each
when possible, go over the points of division, then passes to another, thus
the lesson, before giving it, with some making the classification artificial.
oneinthelegal profession. He should The second method makes Commer-
make use "of law books, as supple- cial products the nucleus about which
mentary to the text, a law dictionary, to group facts, the division being
some good book on negotiable paper, agriculture, mining, fisheries, etc. The
the statutes of the state, and the last method deals with all commercial
World Almanac or some other good FRA^'K O. C.\RPENTER. products and human industries
Almanac, being especially recom- from the stand-point of their use
mended. The text should be illumi- to man. Accordingly, the groups of
nated, and propositions illustrated by "The day at Jiaphazard success," natural food, clothing, shelter, fuel,
actual cases. Students should be en- said he, "is past. Busin'ss is now and light, minerals and metals, and
couraged to present to the teacher so organized as to require the highest transportation and power.
actual conditions for legal advice. skill and the best laid plans to bring Mr. Carpenter was well received,
The combination text aud case success. Besides, conditions have and his address created, as his- ad-
method is most conducive to a clear, gone, for the masses, from ownership dresses and papers always do, a most
intelligent grasp of the subject, when to salary. The way to success for the favorable impression.
so conducted as to produce re- young men of our business schools is Doctor Herrick, of Philadelphia,
sponsiveness on the part of the the wav of salaried positions. Owners insisted that there was no essential
student. „ . r
do not know the business, but are difference between his method and
willing to pay for such knowledge in
,

Mr. Joseph Leming, President of Mr. Carpenter's method of teaching

the Philadelphia Business College, others. Young men should under- this subject. He also very interest-
next gave a short discussion on Rapid stand this, master some details, and ingly described the work done in the
Calculation. The speaker inter- make the most of them as salaried Central High School of Philadelphia.
spersed, with his quick methods of men. "Mr. Schwab," said the
speaker, " is an illustration of a man
s.\turd.\v .\fternoon
handling figures, some pointed
witicism which afforded a pleasant making his fortune along the new As usual the business meeting was
relaxation from the more serious vein lines. Honesty, reliability and hard put over until the last thing, so that
of legal lore which had preceded. work, are sure to be recgbnized, and some very important matters were
He was followed bv Mr. E. E. Kent, paid for." decided by the -few who remained,
teacher of Business Arithmetic, The last number on the program instead of by the majority of the mem-
Springfield, (Mass.,) High School, was a very able paper by Mr. Cleveland bers who would gladly have taken part
who boarded a belated express and F. Bacon, Lecturer on Commercial if the meeting had been held on Friday,
gave a marvelous exhibition of rapid Law in the New York School of Com- as it ought "to be. A long-drawn-out
mental transit, as well as mental merce. His subject was " Negotiable discussion took place, but the essen-
gymnastics. His paper showed a Paper." Mr. Bacon dwelt mainly on tial results are given at the head of
thorough preparation and was well the differences between negotiable and this report. An amendment to the
received. non-negotiable instruments, and his Constitution was passed, making it
The next part on the program was presentation was clear and scholarly. necessary for the treasurer to have
to have been an address by Mr. The Business Educ-vtor will take his desk'near the entrance to the con-
Charles M. Schwab on "Factors of pleasure in publishing the paper in vention hall, and to see that each
Success in Business," In the absence full in a future issue. person pay his dues and provide him-
of Mr. Schwab, the famous editor of S.'\TllRn.'VY MORNING self with a membership badge, as he
the New York Journal, Mr. Arthur enters, or else announce himself as
Brisbane, spoke most etfectively. Mr. Frank O. Carpenter, of Boston,
Department Editor of The Business
Educator, gave a most thoughtful, w, c, R.\?isiii:i.i..
FBANK E. l..^KKy, VICE-PRES.
scholarly address on "Commercial
Geography in 1905 Its Practical Use
:

and Value." He rapidly sketched the

M. D. FUr TON, TREAS.

 f^^3Budfn^d^^it/iu^iU7^ ^

F.. K. GAVI.OKl L. flAUAK-ASZ. II. \V. PATTE.N.

a mere by wearing a visitor's

visitor, ready of speech, and withal demo- Mary E. Lease, of Kansas, now living
bad.s^e. Treasurer Fulton, m making cratic. Then, too, he can tell a good in New York. Some of our readers
his seventh annual report, made a story and tell it but, best of all,
well ; will remember Mrs. Lease as being
happy hit, and the Association very he lioes not become so intoxicated identified with the Populist propo-
appropriately rewarded his faithful with the sound of his own voice as to ganda of the West some years ago.
work by voting him $50. Doubtless bore the speakers and the audience We had been so saturated with preju-
the next meeting would have been with long dissertations between the dice, as a result of newspaper im-
held in New York if anyone had invit- various intellectual courses. pressions, that we were not prepared
ed the Association to' meet there, The Hon. Timothy L. Woodruff was for the truly magnificent f)hilosoph-
but, in the absence of metropolitan kept away by the result of an acci- ical address that was delivered by
hospitality, it had to go to its other dent, which, though not dangerous, this modern George Eliot. It is suf-
friends. was very annoying to his friends as ficient to say that, though she began
The meetings this year were all well as himself, not only because it her speech at nearly eleven o'clock,
called to order as nearly on time as prevented his keeping his engage- and spoke for thirty minutes, she had
ever in the history of the Association, ments with his professional admirers, everybody electrified by her splendid
though on Saturday morning Presi- but also because both he and his son thought and wonderful use of English.
dent Hope rapped two ladies to order were to be married within a few days, This banquet certainly ranks with the
and then sat grimly down to wait for after which they were to make a for- best ever given by the E. C. T. A.
speakers and an audience to arrive. eign tour in an automobile.
Mr. Hope made not only a Hope-ful The first speaker of the evening niumni Dinner
but a very effective executive, and his was Dr. Edward W. Stevens, Super- Cbe H. B. T.

administration has given excellent visor of High Schools in Manhattan.

Thursday evening, April -0. at tlie Victo-
satisfaction. The Executive Commit- His address was of a very instructive ria Hotel, in New York City, a local aliiin-
tee did an incredible amount of work, character, and was listened to closely. ni association representing the Rochester
and prepared a splendid program, Dr. Stevens was followed by Mr. John (New York) Business Institute, had its
which was carried out almost exactly B. Mackay, Supervisor of Drawing beginning. Among the thirty present
as published. The successful banquet and Penmanship in the Toronto pub- were the following commercial teachers:
is to be credited very largely to the lic schools. Mr. Mackay (pronounced I.. Madarasz, Wni. E. Drake, M. F. Pratt,
enterprise of Raymond ti. Laird, of "MacKye") is a humorist of a high M. L. Miner, E. McMickle, T. G. O'Brien.
\V. H. Vernon, C. M. Guldner, H. C. Post,
New York High School of Commerce. order, and his dialect stories were H. W. Patten and A. F. Foote.
The attendance was not so large as at delightful. We shall all want him to After a very good dinner had performed
some former meetings, but it was be with us next year. The evening its purpose, short addresses were given by
very good, and best of all, every- program was wound up by a most re- A. N. Palmer, H. W. Patten, \V. E. Drake,
body was interested and ready to markable address, delivered by Mrs. H. G. Healey, S. C. Williams, E. E. Gay-
take his part. The plan to offer a lord, and Fred P. Salisbury. H. G. Bockins,
prize for a speed contest in shorthand of New York, presented some happy im-
RAYMOND i; I..\[RD. personations, and Irving E. Burdick. an
writing will, we fear, inevitably bring alumnus of Yale as well as of the K. B. I.,
on a discussion of the relative merits filled in the chinks most admirably as
of systems, and get the leading friends master of ceremonies.
of various systems by the ears. The Mr. Clias. Osgood, of the Packard Com-
meeting next year will be a lively one, mercial School (three of the alumni pres-
and commercial teachers throughout ent are teachers there), sang most beauti-
fully, and Mr. Snlisbuiy improvised some
the East should plan to be present.
entertaining comic songs. The most con-
President Piatt is a man who delights spicuous features of the evening were the
in convention work, and his long ex- expressions ..t regard for Mr. S. C. Wil-
perience will insure an excellent con- liams as a teacher and fur the K. B. I. as
vention. a school. The school's colors, red and blue,
had been verj- neatly worked out in a
Cbc Banquet cloth and ribbon design which everyone
wore.
Noneof the large company who were Business, the law, and teaching, were al
privileged to attend the E'. C. T. A. represented by a group of men. of whom
the R. B. I. niav well be proud. Tlie trib-
banquet will soon forget the delight- utes paid to this famous hish-grade insti-
ful evening. Under the energetic di- tution were well deserved. The gathering
rection of R. G. Laird, of New York, was the result of one week's activity on
the part of S. C. Williams an<l Irving E.
a mental feast quite as superior as Burdick. The organization will be per-
the physical refreshment, was ar- manent and it is certain that next year a
ranged. Dr. Cheesman A. Herrick, very large company of the men and
of Philadelphia, made an ideal toast-
women who are sustaining the reputation
of tilts splendid school will meet in New-
master. He is dignified, scholarly, York.
 C. E. DONEK.

bad something worth listening to on

"Development of Movement."
" Pupils come to us with the wrong reflex
A. J. GLEASON.
F. S. MCGUIGAN.
action," says Mr. Stewart, " and before thej"
may be able to write well the wrong reflex of theprime factors that he brought out are
Penmansbib Section action must be broken up and a new and neatness and carefulness. An accurate
well developed action established " He copy for the pupils tO" work from is another
REPORTED BY C. E. DONER. says: "Teach your pupil to write a hand point that he dwelt on. One of the most
that is smooth, clean and strong in important points, and one that every mem-
Considerable interest was shown in this
The first character." ber who was present at the time approved,
division of the Association.
"Train the eye," is another very import- was that good work in penmanship should
speaker of the afternoon was Mr. C. E.
ant point that he brought out. He believes be required by all the teachers in the differ-
Doner, Supervisor of Penmanship, Beverlv
in starting each penmanship lesson by first ent departments, each teacher seeing to it
Mass., Public Schools, who made a few
giving some simple movement exercises that the pupils' penmanship, in all of his
brief remarks on "Obstacles That Lie in ^

for the development of a free and easy written work, should represent his very
the Way of Securing Better Results."
He made the followinj; suggestions: movement He also advocates that the best.
capital letters should be presented first. Mr. W. J. Kinsley, handwriting expert, in
1. That pupils should be started right
Another good point he gave that ought to his inimitable way, presented some excel-
in correct position of the body, penholding,
claim the thought of all teachers of pen- lent ideas on " Importance of Good Signa-
etc., in the lower grades in the Public
manship: "Teach the pupil to keep the tures." He believes that pupils should be
Schools.
mind on the muscle while practicing." taught to follow one style of penmanship
2. That writing be taught from the move-
Concentration of mind, we all know, is of in school and then when they enter on a
ment standpoint in the Graded Schools as
utmost importance. business career that the style will develop
it is in the Business Colleges. ,

Mr. A. D. Skeels, of Temple College, into the characteristic hand desired. Very
3. That the propertrainingbe given to the
Phila., presented some good ideas on littlethought should be given to our hand-
grade teachers in Normal Schools and Spe- " Position." The voice of Mr. Skeels is not writing when once acquired. He says that
cial School where they receive their train-
ing for the teaching profession.
very often heard in a convention, but when the poorer the signature is written the more
and he does speak he presents a message of easily it is imitated, and also, that we
Mr. C. G. Price, of Sadler's Bryant
some worth. Of course he believes that should have one plain, legible way of writ-
Sratton Business School, Baltimore, the
writing is wholly an acquired art. In ing our signature. Legibility, rapidity
second speaker, gave some very valuable
suggestions on "Importance of Form and speaking of the position he says that by all and ease of execution are the principle
means the feet should be flat on the floor, points he gave for signature writing, and in
How it May be Secured." He based form
study on Position, Movement, Material, body straight, inclined a trifle forward fact for all writing.
from the hips, in fact the whole body should The last speaker on the program was Mr.
Good Copy, and Quiet Surroundings.
be in an easy, relaxed position in order that F. S. McGuigan, Principalof Business High
He thinks that a good Copy from which
the best work maj' be attained. He claims School, Pittston, Pa., who read a paper on
to practice is very essential, and as to style
of penmanship, believes that it should con- that the paper should be in such position "A Course of Lessons in Show Card Writ-
as when the hand is passed from left to ing." Mr. McGuigan had a highly instruct-
form somewhat closely to printer forms.
right that it may travel in the direction ive paper on the subject, but for some reason
In order that the very best results mas" be
obtained, he thinks tliat the pupil should that the lines run. there was a misunderstanding as to the
work at all times with the muscles of the Mr. A. J. Gleason, President Drake Busi- time allotted to him in which to read his
ness Schools, Jersey City, N. J., presented in paper, and consequently he was able to
hand, arm and body well relaxed. Mr.
was followed by Mr. C. A. Stewart, a straightforward, forceful way, his e.xcel- read only about half that he had planned to
Price
Commercial High School, Brooklyn, who lentideason " Practical -Application." Two read.

c. u. PRICE. A. D. SKEEI.S
 .^^^u^^/n^U^i^/iu^i/ir* ^
Business Section An analysis of the merchandise account
showed debits: Inventory Jan. 1, 1903,
$15,0110; purchases, $76,850; returns, $1,500;
freights on purchases, $900; freights on
sales, $250. Credits: Sales, $79,000; returns,
FRIDAY AFTERNOON $2,000; allowances, $1,500.
Following the valuable papers and dis- The inventory Dec. 31, 1903, showed cost
cussions on penmanship, which constituted $.32,000, valued at $29,000. The partners are
allowed six per cent, on capital; and
the first part of the prosrrarn during the which were drawn and charged to
salaries,
afternoon session, the remainder of the day office salaries, viz.; Telford $.!,000, Martin
was devoted to the subject of accounting. Allowances are
$2,500. to be made as fol-
The first paper was by Mr. R. L Long, of lows: Five per cent, for doubtful debts,
the Packard Commercial School, Xew York, ten per cent, depreciation on horses and
and was a valuable addition to what had trucks, and furniture and fixtures.
already been contributed along other lines. Prepare balance sheet and necessary
accounts for presentation to the firm.
His subject was " Do Our Courses of Study
:

Contain Too Much Bookkeeping and Too SATURDAY MORNING

Little Accoiinting?" The speaker thought Owing to the generous entertainment and
that while we do not teach too much book- festivities of the evening before, the mem-
keeping, we do teach too little accounting. bers wrere slow to whip themselves into
More attention should be given to state- line for the last day's work, and the morn-
ments, analysis of accounts, cost account- ing session began nearly an hour late, with
ing, c&sh proofs, note proofs, use of control- less than a quorum present. But as the
ling accounts, correction of errors, balance S. S. HOOKI.AND. day wore on the large assembly room again
sheets, banking, transportation, organiza- began to fill up, and took on the usual air of
tion, etc. There should be more lectures, enthusiasm.
exercise was invaluable to those who had
quizzes, and explanations. He said that in The first paper read was that of Mr. C. S.
not already made a special study of ac-
his own work, excellent results had been Rogers, of Healey Business School, Syra-
counting, and was highly profitable to all
produced by taking books and other things cuse, N. Y., on "A Short Course in Trans-
used in the offices before the students at
who took part. The statements referred to
portation Accounting for Business Schools.''
follows:
the desks, and giving them the amounts Question Mr. Rogers is a practical railroad man,
involved in statements already made out, having devoted nine years to railroad
requiring them to proceed with the data Telford &
Martin began business January
business, and is making the subject of
given, to produce individually the various 1, 1903, and end of the year the follow-
at the
ing trial balance was submitted :
instruction in this branch of business a
proofs and statements for the offices. To specially. His paper was full of suggestive
secure close attention to details, he would
TRIAL BALANCE DEC. .31, 1903
thought, and was supplemented by a num-
occasionally open the day's correspondence William Telford $15,000
Samuel Martin 15,000
ber of letters from railroad officials, and
before the class, and tabulate the mistakes students who had taken the transportation
Merchandise Account $12 000
as " dont's.*' Cash 1,300 course under his direction, expressing ap-
Mr. FrankBroaker, C.P.A.,NewYork, was General Expenses 400 preciation and showing results of his work.
next introduced, and gave one of the best Office Salaries 6,500 It is to be hoped that the work begun by
features of the convention. This was a Wages: shipping clerks, por- Mr. Rogers may be the beginning of an
lesson in higher accounting. Preliminary ters, cart men, etc 1.500
advance into this broad field of business
to the lesson, he discriininated between
Accounts receivable 20.000
instruction.
bookkeeping as the mechanical work of Discounts 1,500
Horses and Trucks 1,000 A most excellent paper was next read bj'
recording and posting transactions, ac- Horsefeed, stable charges, etc. 300 Mr. W. B. Wilson, teacher of bookkeeping
counting as the process of analyzing Traveling expenses -•- 3,000 in Wood's School, New York, in which he
accounts and preparing statements show- Interest -- 200 outlined some important features requiring
ing the results and condition of the busi- Bills payable (firm's note, dis- special emphasis in teaching bookkeeping.
ness to the proprietor, 'and auditing as the counted at five per cent,
due Feb. 1,1904) 10,000 Among others he called attention (1) to
inspection and verification of the work done Rents 1,500 the routine rn handling and filling orders
by the bookkeeper and accountant. He Furniture and fixtures 500 and charging bills; (2) to leasehold ac-
then proceeded to illustrate the work of the William Telford, drawings---- 3,000 counts; (3) to collateral notes; (4) to con-
accountant by having each member make Samuel Martin, drawings 3,000 tingent liabilities, and to suspense ac-
(.">)

Accounts Payable 15,000 count for doubtful accounts. Mr. VV'ilson

out, under his direction, on the basis of the
Bad Loan 750 devotes about twenty hours per week, out-
trial balance furnished by the bookkeeper,
-

Stationery and printing 250 side of his school duties, to work as an

three statements representing, respectively, Profit on sale of bonds 1,700 accountant, and his paper presented actual
the Trading account, the Profit and Loss problems and conditions met with in
account, and the Balance .Sheet. This $56,700 $.')6,700 business offices.

W. B. WILSON. C. S. ROGERS
 '^^'^Sud/n^Vi^^iu^a^ ^
REPORT OF THE graph as follows: " The ideal stenographer, late, Miss Smith felt the necessity of short-
'Shorthand Section therefore, is born not made.' A good gen- ening her talk, and we were somewhat dis-
OF THE EASTERN COMMERCIAL TEACHERS' eral intellectual equipment, an ideal tern appointed in not hearing more on a subject
ASSOCIATION perament, a liberal education, incessant that is receiving very close and careful
reading, universal study with the constant attention, from one who is an enthusiastic
The Shorthand Section of the E. C. T. A. aim at self-iniprovemcnt, varied informa- and successful teacher of tliat method.
was called to order nt l:ro P. M., Friday, tion and a faculty capable of intense con- THE SATURDAY MEETING
April 21, 1905, by Mr. William Hope, Presi- centration are the governing qualities, Promptly at 9:30. Saturday morning,
dent of the Association. At the opening of when all el«e i.* fnvorable, that will advance President Hope called the Shorthand Sec-
the meeting the room was completely filled, a deserving >liurthand student toward the tion to order although there were not more
there being about 150 members atnl visitors goal of e.xcellence and evetilually secure, than six members present. Whether the
present. Before the close, however, the with the helpof an intelligeiit,sjmpallietic banquet of Friday evening or the exciting
proceedings became so interesting that teacher, the enviable title of Master of his
'

discussion of the afternoon was to blame

standing room was at a preininm. Profession.' " for the small attendance is hard to determ-
The first number on the program, "Ex- His allusion to a special shorthand sys- ine. Perhaps the weather of Friday was to
periences with Beginners," was gi\eri by tem called forth a protest from some mem- blame, for it was certainly very trying.
Miss Julia Rieser, Eagan School, Iloboken, bers who were carefully guarding against The members gradually arrived until there
N. J. I am sure all the teachers who heard the possibility of any one using the meeting was an audience of about seventy when the
Miss Rieser's paper fully appreciated tlie as a place in which toadvertiseany system. time for adjournment at eleven o'clock
difficulties she touclied upon in such a The ['resident restored every one to good arrived.
spicey. entertaining manner. It is impos- humor by giving an infallible recipe bv The paper on " Phrase Building." by W. S.
sible to give a summary of the paper that which one may become able to write 2011 Rogers, of Shoemaker & Clark School, Fall
would do it justice in the brief space al- words per minute, wliich was offered to him River, Mass., was given the closest atten-
lotted to this report. It must be heard to for$500. It is substantially as follows: Be tion by those present and showed that Mr.
be appreciated and enjoyed. a graduate of some higher university, Rogers had given much time and thought
Mrs. Annette Sterling, of the Wright- master a shorthand system under the best to its preparation. The stenographer who
Sterling Business College, Philadelphia, teacher you can find, then take 5(X) words phrases and the one who does not were
next presented an interesting paper on and practice on them TiOO times, then get
" English in Shorthand " showing the abso-
compared to theexpress train and the local.
some one to dictate them 50(1 times. Do this The express train makes few stops and
lute necessity of possessing all kinds of ten hours a daj-, seven dsys in the week not only saves the time spent at stations,
knowledge before one can become a suc- for seven years and you will be able to but also the time consumed by the local in
cessf*il stenographer, and how to obtain a write 2(« words per minute. slowing down and getting under full head-
working knowledge of words by studying At this point Mr. Piatt called in Mr. Ray- way again. Phrasing, to be valuable, must
the meanings as well as the spelling and by mond P. Kelly to give an exhibition of be natural. Words from groups separated
being familiar with the best in literature: rapid shorthand writing on the blackboard. by grammatical or rhetorical pauses should
how the stenographer is often called upon This led to a lively discussion as to whether not be joined. Every system should pro-
to edit the matter dictated beforea readable or not such an exhibition would be adver vide a convenient method of expressing
transcript can be made. tising some special system or school, in the frequently occurring phrases beginning
At the close of this paper Dr. Burton which Messrs. Miller. Miner, Piatt, Burton, with such words as /, he, and, etc. Mr.
called upon Mr. Piatt to discuss the subject.
Henley, Ro we. Lord, and others participated. Rogers illustrated his paper at different
Mr. Piatt declined to do so, but introduced A vote was finally taken by which the points 1)3' the use of crayon and blackboard.
Miss Florence Kilburn, New York City, who matter was disposed of by placing it upon
read a paper in which she gave some of the
On account of the lack of time no discus-
the table. Mr. Kelly gave his exhibition sion of the subject was allowed although
reasons why the average shorthand student after the meeting adjourned, at the request there was an evident desire on the part of
is so indifferent to tlie subject of English,
of those who wished to see him write. some present to ask questions.
one of them being the home environment The program of the afternoon was com- "The (Shorthand) Pilgrim's Progress,"
of the student. pleted by Miss Stella M. Smith, Simmons' by Charles Currier Beale, of Boston, was
After some further discussion of the sub- College, Boston, who presented the subject one of the most enjoyable and entertaining
ject by Mr. Piatt and others, Mr. Teale, of of "Typewriting." Miss Smith called for features of the convention. Mr. Beale is
Boston, was given five minutes to talk on eight volunteers to act as pupils beginning one of the very enthusiastic teachers, and
the " Legibility of Shorthand." the study of typewriting and they took he is not so particular what system is
The third number on the program, " How their places at eight machines before the taught as that the system be mixed with
to Work to a High Speed in Shorthand," by platform. She then explained the use of brains, like the artist's colors. As only fif-
James M. Lingle, President of Uni'-n Col- the parts of the machine so faras the pupils teen minutes were allowed for this paper,
lege of Business, Philadelphia, was given would need to use them in the first few- and as Mr. Beale said he was expected to
the closest attention in spite of the oppres- lessons, and her method of using the tell in that time all he had learned in
ive condition of the atmosphere uiul the charts, giving the amount of work she twenty-five years in the active duties of
impending storm. The paper was briefly would require of them for the first few les- amanuensis, court reporter, teacher, and
summed up l»y the speaker in one para- sons in touch typewriting. The hour being publisher, there was no time lost, and those

n. E. kp:nt. W. ,KI\SI.EY.
?IISS STEr.I..\ M. J.
 ,^^3BudmedA^i^/iu^i^ ^

T. PLATT. H. L. ANDREWS W. P. STEINUAEUSER.

fifteen minutes were filled to the utmost then presented. Mr. Steinhauser pointed £onvcnticn of the Central eom=
by the able speaker. out in an able manner the necessity of mcrcial Ccacbcrs'
Mr. H. L. Andrews, of Pittsburg, Presi- securing a firm foundation upon which to
dent of the National Shorthand Teachers' build by insisting upon a thorough knowl- Jlssociatioti*
Associatioti, who was on the program to edge of the word signs and contractions
tell us "The Kind of Business Schools a before taking up the work of dictation. The This Association will hold its annual
Business Man can Endorse," announced repetition of the matter dictated at an meeting at Omaha, Nebraska, May 24th,
that he would omit the paper he had in- increased rate of speed, the reading back 25th and 26th, 1905. at Boyles' College.
tended to present and devoted the time to from the notes, the use of different kinds of
outlining the methods that had contributed dictation materials, such as letters from
A splendid program has been arranged.
to the success of his school. The first many lines of business, choice literary The college building is new, and the accom-
essential of a good business school was the selections, editorials, an occasional abstract modations are ample not only for the meet-
best teachers that money could employ in from lectures, sermons, and court testi- ings, but also for the exhibition of text
all departments rather than one high mony, were some of the points touched books, typewriters, arithometers, and office
salaried man at the head and cheap assist- upon. Pupils should not be crowded be- appliances.
ants. In order to do this a higher rate of yond their ability to write carefully and A profitable and pleasant time with good
tuition than that charged by the average legibly, and should be advanced from one
fellowship and unrestrained cordialty of
business school was necessary. Get your class to another as they become proficient
the West will certainly be enjoyed by all
advertising done by turning out well in taking and transcribing their notes.
qualified stenographers who can recom- They should be encouraged to acquire the who attend.
mend your work to their friends and ac- "dictionary habit." Not only a good En- While the membership is mainly from the
quaintances and by satisfied employers glish dictionary, but a first-class shorthand States of Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, South
whose demands you Iiave met. dictionary should be in daily use. Care Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas and Missouri, all
A few moments were allowed for discus- should be exercised to see that the trans- interested from all the States of the Union,
sion at this time and were occupied t)y cripts are free from errors, and all work the islands of the sea, and from all nations
Messrs. Rogers and Piatt. Mr. Miner re- containing more than five errors should be will be welcome.
quested all those wlio had read papers be- re-written. All approved transcripts should
Omaha and the whole West will be at-
fore the convention to send or hand him be filed.
tractive at the date fixed for the conven-
copies for publication. The hour for adjournment had now
The number on the program, "The
last arrived, so there was no time for discussion, tion. Come all who can.
Dictation Problem," by W. P. Steinhauser, and the members passed to the convention A. C. VAN SANT,
of Schuylkill Seminary, Reading, Pa., was room where the general meetings were held. President.

?IKS. NINA NOBLE. C. C. LISTER. EDWARD N. HULL.

 ^^^^ud/n^d4^(^if/iu:a^l^ ^
would bend ; it hadanoddshine, which
we call metallic lustre it was heav- ;

ierthan the rock from which it came.

At that time men used arrows with
DEPARTWENT OF heads of stone, ^brittle stone axes,
etc.,and we call it the Age of Stone.
dommercial (Bcocjrapt^y The greater value of metal, found in
the fire, for weapons, was soon dis-
covered, and it was used instead of
Frank O. Carpenter stone for the weapons. The metals
The Kilitnr of Ihfs Department may be addressed direrllij at ttte which melted easily were rather soft,
English lliyfi Scliool. Hostoji. Mass.. but romminiicatinns requiring a
reply must in all cases enrlnse return pnstage to insure attention
and the edges of the weapons would
soon blunt and become useless. Man
set himself to correct that evil, and
at last discovered a method of hard-
ening metals by mixing them, which
tnctals. with millions of machines of metal made tools and weapons serviceable.
would be idle. Lofty steel office One of these methods, that of temper-
The comfort and happiness of mod- buildings would vanish like magic. ing and hardening copper or bronze,
ern man depends larg-ely on the ex- Telegraph messages would be im- from which the weapons of early
istence and use of metal's. Even the possible, for the wires would have Greek days were made, was of great
most common things of life are either gone, and not even " wireless " would value. It was done by half savage
made of metal or were produced bv be available, because the sending and men, with the rudest appliances, and
machines which are made of metal. receiving apparatus requires metal. yet the modern world, with all its
Think for a moment, as you read The telephone " Central " would ring knowledge of metals, was unable,
this, how man}- things about you, off. The phonograph would be mute until recently, to re-discover the pro-
;

clothing, furniture, buildings, etc., clocks and watches would be useless cess. It had remained for centuries
use metal in some form. without metal. Books and news- one of the " Lost Arts," which Wen-
If metals should suddenly disappear papers, in their present form, cannot dell Phillips, in his matchless way,
from the earth, mankind would go be made without metal type. Our used to describe.
back almost to barbarism in sur- money would be strings of wampum, Copper was the metal most easily
roundings, and mentally would sink or similar objects, for even paper obtained by primitive man, and,
at once. For food we should have money is made from engraved metal therefore, the "Age of Bronze" fol-
fruits, vegetables grown in the earth, plates, by machinery. Porters would lowed the Stone Age, and lasted for
and cereals, but poor in quality, be- again carry heavy loads of merchan- centuries,until man grew civilized
cause we should have no tools but a dise on their backs. If nations went and learned to extract and use iron ;

sharpened stick to dig or plough to war, they would fight with bows and the world of men are today in
with, so that we could only Ijreak the and arrows and stone-headed spears. the "Age of Iron," or "Age of
soil a few inches deep. (Guns, cannon, projectiles, etc., are Steel," as it might better be called.
We could raise animals for food, metal). We hear sometimes of a " Golden
but to kill and' dress them with rude Writing would be done by a reed Age" and a "Silver Age." These
stone knives and axes, would be so upon papyrus or on the skins of ani- ages of human history did not exist,
difficult that we should raise but few. mals. If we needed surgical attend- but the names are given to certain
No meat, fish or fruit could be ance, we should suffer uncared for. periods when literature and art were
canned. Tea would be useless, for as_ surgical instruments would not at their highest development, as the
the air and the moisture would spoil exist. So that, practically, all the in- golden " Age of Pericles," in Greece,
a chest of tea in its long journey, dustries of today, and the modern and the silver "Age of Augustus " in
unprotected by a covering of sheet conveniences, would be impossible Rome.
lead. without metal. King and peasant, When the earth was a ball of fire
We should eat our food with our savage and savant, are alike in their mist, (as described in the April arti-
fingers — unless we used wooden dependence on it. Even into their cle), the central dense mass was of
chopsticks — for knives, forks, and ideas of the future life, men have metals of various kinds, largely gold,
spoons are metal. Food would be woven their thoughts of metal and its and so it has remained to this day.
cooked on the hearth, for stoves value, and the Celestial City with Most of the rocks which came into
would not exist. Iron, tin, copper, streets of gold, symbolizes man's existence in the earth's crust through
and aluminum dishes and cooking dream of happiness as a place where successive ages, are chemical combi-
utensils would disappear. To get the most costly metals of earth are nations, or "rusts," of the metals in
water we should take an earthen jar abundant and cheap. Our speech the earth mass, by the gases in the
to a spring or well, for the water and our literature are filled with allu- atmosphere. So we have oxides,
pipes are metal, and a pail has a sions to metals. Heavy as lead, chlorides, carbonates, and sulphides,
handle (bail) and hoops of metal. strong as steel, bright as silver, good of iron, silver, lead, copper, alumi-
Our clothing, linen, bedding, and as goTd, are familiar phrases,_ while, num, tin, etc., and, from these ores
carpets are made on machines, so we silver tones, golden light, and an iron •of metals today, we obtain pure met-
should have to wear coarse, home- will are^common metaphors, and the als for commercial uses. The metals i
spun cloth, sewed by hand with nee- proverb, "speech is silver; silence is are found in the oldest rocks, from
dles of bone. No jewelry of metal golden," is an old and famous the Laurentian, down through the
could be worn. Houses would be mere maxim. Silurian, Devonian, and Carbonifer-
hovels, if neither nails nor hardware The historyof inventions is largely ous. They are not found in modern
were used in building them. F"urni- a record of lucky experiments, or of rocks, except in accidental formations.
ture, without the saw and lathe, natural conditions when only one By means of the spectroscope, we
would be roughly made. Pianos, mind was keen enough to see and can study the substances which com-
vases, ornaments, and pictures would understand the law which governed pose the far-off stars, and we know
be given up. Floors would be hard- the case. So it was with the discov- that they, too, have the same metals
trodden earth. Furnaces^ radiators, ery of metals. Early man learned to and elements as the earth itself, and
gas and electric lights, and- common make fires for warmth and then for probably the same life history in
lamps would not exist. Coal could cooking his food. He also learned creation.
not be mined, except on-the surface, that to make it upon stone was safer Metals are deposited in four ways :

with stone tools. We should get fire than to build it elsewhere; and-, one a. Lodes are cracks or fissures,
by rubbing two sticks together, as day, by accident, he used -stones caused by the shrinking of the
the Indians do, for even flint needs a which were a copper ore. The heat strata of the rock, as mud dries
steel. of the fire smelted the ore, and the and cracks. They run usually east
We could travel only on foot or metal ran out of the rock in a mass, and west across the mountain
,

horseback, for railroads, and modern which, later, the savage found. To chains. A vein is a small lode.
steamships are made almost entirely him it was a curious rock. It would The metal is deposited in the lodes
from metal. Factories now bus\- not break as most other rocks do; it or veins in four wavs :
 f^^3Bud^i^^^diu¥i^(ir* ^
1. Sublitnation, occurring in the Holes are drilled by hand or by ma- be possible to live in comfort, under
oldest rocks. This means that chine and filled with powder or dyna- modern conditions, if iron and copper
the metal was thrown into a vapor mite. The ore broken off by this were not obtainable.
by the heat and made its way into blasting is carried to the surface in IRON AND STEEL.
the cracks. Then, as it cooled, cars, buckets, etc., just as coal is
Iron is the most useful mineral in
the metal was deposited on the mined. It is then crushed fine by the world. It is found in every part
walls or sides of the crack till it machines called "stamps," which of the earth, especially large deposits
was filled. pound the rock into dust. The metal
being found in Russia, China, and In-
2. Coiidiiisatioii was
a process is then extracted from this dust by
dia, but the countries which produce
much like sublimation, except 1. Volatilizing ^heating the metal
the most are: The United States,
that the metallic vapors were ir- until it takes the form of a vapor
regularly given off and condensed. which is cooled and deposited away 30% Germany, 20% Great Britain,
; ;

20'!j,' Spain, 10% and these, with

3. Precipitalion. Water holding from the rock. ; ;

Russia, France, Austria, Belgium,

metals in solution becomes a bet- 2. Amalgamating = mixing the rock and Sweden make up a total of 95' h
ter conductor for electricity than dust with mercury, which unites
of the world's supply, leaving 5"u
other solutions. Powerful elec- with the metal.
only for the rest of the world.
tric currents caused the mineral 3. Smelting = Putting chemicals
Iron is found native (i. e., pure)
to be thrown down, or precip- with the rock dust which ufiite with
only in meteorites,— those mysterious
itated. the rock when heated and set the
Iiitittralion. Water holding metal free.
messengers from space outside the
4.
earth. Mr. Peary brought one from
metal mechanically in suspension, 4. Liquation = smelting without
the Arctic weighing several tons.
or, perhaps, in solution, flows chemicals, when the metal melts
.

Iron is mined as an ore, and the best

into the cracks and fissures. The easily and before the rock does. —
varieties are
force of the current which carried 5. Wet processes = use of chemical 1.
:

Specular iron ore, or red hema-

the metal in the water being lost, re-agents (like acids, etc., J in aqu-
tite. This is one of the best, for it
the metal settles naturally to the eous solution of the metal.
is almost free from sulphur or phos-
bottom and the crack is gradually 6. Electrolysis = separating metals
phorous.
filled. This is called infiltration. from their solutions by means of 2. Brown hematite, or limonite. It
A vein is always due to deposits electricity.
is the most abundant iron ore, and
from water. 7. Miscellaneous, as the use of gas
includes bog iron ore.
b. Beds, which are stratified depos- to form compounds of the metal, 3. Magnetite, or magnetic (oxide)
its, due to the action or the pres- etc.
iron ore; as, the lodestone.
ence of water. These are chiefly There are about sixty metals known 4. Carbonate of iron (or siderite).
iron or copper. in the world today, of which only
c. Irregular deposits, consisting fourteen are in common use. These
These ores are the ones generally
used to give iron but other useful
of pockets, or a network of veins, are :— —
iron ores are:
generally in limestone. a. Noble, or precious, metals= those
5. Iron pyrites =
sulphide of iron =
d. SuRF.VcE DEPOSITS, as detrital that do not rust on exposure to the
"fool's gold." This is used to
gold (gold worn off or eroded), air. They are gold, silver, plat- make sulphuric acid.
gold in sands, stream tin, bog iron inum. =
ore. b. Useful, or base, metals = those
6. Sulphate of iron =
copperas
green vitriol, a disinfectant.
that will not remain unchanged if
Metals have a peculiar shine, which 7. Chromate of iron, used in making
called "metallic lustre"; they are
exposed to the air. They are alum-
is paints.
solid at ordinary temperatures'; if
inum, copper, iron, lead, mercury,
Iron ore is smelted in blast fur-
tin, zinc.
melted, they cool again into the same naces. These furnaces are filled with
c. Alloy metals (rarely used pure) =.
form they are ductile (i. e., can be layers of coal, iron ore, and limestone;
;

drawn out into a wire); malleable (i. antimony, bismuth, manganese,

a blast of air is driven through the
nickel.
e., can be hammered into a thin plate furnace, and the coal burns and gives
or foil); are electro-positive (i. e., are
When metals are mixed with other the heat to melt the ore. The lime-
metals we have an alloy, which is a
good conductors of electricity). substance having the appearance and stone acts as a flux; i. e., helps to
The process of finding deposits of properties of a metal. Alloys made
melt the ore. It also unites the earthy
metals is called prospecting. part of the ore into a slag, and the
The process of obtaining metals from metals and mercury are called
iron is left free. It sinks to the bot-
amalgams.
from the earth is miitiug.
Metals occur in nature in two ways: tom of the furnace and is drawn off
The process of extracting metals 1. Metals which occur in nature
into tuolds and cast into one hun-
from the ores is metallurgy.
pure, or in alloys with other met-
dred-pound bars called " pigs," i. e.,
The work of mining and metallurgy pig iron. The slag is cast into blocks
als, are called "native." They are
combined is ynining engineering. and used for pavements.
is
practically ready for use as soon as
Metals are obtained from the earth is made from
Cast iron pig iron,
when native by
separated from the rock or from
other metals. Metals which occur which is melted again and cast into
Digging the loose earth or sand, various forms as iron pipes, stoves,
native (at times) are gold,_ silver, ;

and washing in a pan or box. The lamp posts, etc. It is brittle, because
heavy metal remains the earth or copper, platinum, iron, bismuth,
;
mercury. Native iron is mostly of the carbon in it, and it cannot be
mud is washed away. This process from meteorites. Nalive_ copper is hammered.
is used for gold only.
When the metal is in banks of earth the result of galvanic action. Wrought iron is made by melting
or gravel, it is often dug from its
2. When metals are mixed with non- cast iron or pig iron in an open fur-
place and washed by metals (i. e., earths and gases), nace and stirring or "puddling" it
Hydraulic mining. Powerful much heat is given ofT in the union. until the air reaches every part of it
streams of water driven through a The compound is not a metal, as an and the sulphur, phosphorus, and
hose, as of a fire engine, are directed alloy is, and does not resemble a carbon are burned out of the iron.
against the bank, which is washed in any way.
metal The compound This iron is malleable and can be
awa^ leaving the heavy metal on the is called an ore, simple ore
or rock, hammered into bars, rolled into
has one metal; complex ore, if
,

"riffles" (a box with cross bars),

if it plates, or drawn into wire; i. e., it can
while the rest is washed away. it has several. The earth or rock in be worked or wrought.
When the metal is in a rock vein, which the metal is found, is called Steel is iron that has less carbon
nr.tive, or is in the form of an ore, it
the matrix or gangue. than cast iron and more than wrought
is blasted out, i. e., mined like any If metals are classified according iron. The carbon gives stiffness and
other mineral. Vertical pits, or to their value to man, the so-called spring to the iron. Steel is usually
"shafts," are dug into the rock. useful metals would be called i)re- made by the Bessemer process, for
From these, tunnels are dug at right cious instead, for iron and steel, cop- which red hematite ores are best.
angles to the shaft. These tunnels per, lead, and tin are of more value In this process the pig iron is melt-
are called "levels." From the sides and use to man than gold and silver. ed and put into a metal tank called a
of these levels, called " stopes " (the Men could get along happily without converter, and cold air is then forced
faces of the lode), the ore is obtained. either gold or silver, but it would not through the holes in the bottom of
 ^^^rSBu^/ne^L^i^/iua/!^ ^
the converter, which burns out the would be almost useless, and our made from cinnabar, and the medi-
carbon. A certain amount of spiegel- present position in the world of steel cine, calomel, is a chloride of mer-
eisen (iron and manganese) is added unlikely. cury. Mercury should be carefully
to the otner iron. COPPER. kept from touching gold jewelry or
The Siemens-Martin method blows silverware. Even a small quantity
air over the surface, not through Copper was probably the first metal
it.
found and used by man. It is found forms an amalgam instantly, dulls
The basic, or open hearth, process the color, and will make the metal
all over the world, but all the mines
is to line the converter with lime, brittle. Only by remelting the jewelry
of_ importance could be put into a dis-
which combines with the phosphorus and recasting it can the mercury be
in the iron.
trict five hundred miles square. The
countries which produce copper are removed.
The old ceinetitation process is often the United States (500o), Spain (12%), Aluminum is one of the most abun-
used to make steel of the finest qual- Japan, Chile, Germany, Australia, dant of all metals in the earth, but it
ity for tools and cutting instruments. is new in the market commercially.
Mexico (each 5%), leaving Z% for the
This process consists in putting bars rest of the world. It isthe lightest of common metals,
of the purest wrought or malleable malleable, ductile, does not corrode
iron into boxes with charcoal and
Copper is often found native, i. e.,
pure but most of the copper comes in the air, and is a good electrical
then heating for a week or more. ;

conductor. It is used where light

from ores. These are the oxides, sul-
The bars of iron become " blister phides, and carbonates of copper. weight and strength are needed, as
steel," which is then heated, rolled for cooking dishes, boats, etc. Its
Other copper ores of commercial
and forged to give toughness. value are a sulphate = cost has dropped since the Civil War
blue vitriol
The value of steel depends on its green carbonate malachite= blue ;
;
from ninety dollars a pound to thirty
"temper," which is the hardness or carbonate ^
azurite. Copper is very cents a pound. It is produced from
elasticity given by annealing, or tem- rnalleable and ductile, and is a spe- bauxite (= a hard clay;, by the Unit-
pering, the metal. Steel takes cially good conductor of heat and ed .States, Switzerland, France, and
different colors at different degrees of electricity, which gives it its chief Great Britain.
heat, and passes from pale yellow use and value today. It is also al- Nickel, Manganese, Antimony,
(used for metal working tools) to loyed with zinc to liiake brass, and Arsenic, and Bismuth are all valu-
dark straw color (for wood working with tin to make bronze, gun metal, able metals, used chiefly in making
tools),brown yellow (chisels, hatch- and bell metal. alloys of the more important metals.
ets, and saws that have to withstand
In the United States the centres of The so-called precious metals, gold
blows), dark blue and purple (elastic production are in Michigan (Calumet and silver, have for ages held high
clock and watch springs), pale blue and Hecla mine, the deepest in the rank among men because of their
or green (too soft for cutting tools), world), Montana (Anaconda mine beauty, durability, and the ease with
case hardened- iron = heavy iron produces more copper than any other which they may be worked and manu-
goods partly steeled on the surface. in the world), and Arizona. factured. They do not, however,
By mixing some other metals with Great fortunes have been made by equal in value either iron or copper,
iron, the quality of the steel is im- the owners of American (or wheat, beef, lumber, hay, or fruit).
copper
proved, as in the case of nickel steel, mines. For example, one stockholder Gold is found usually pure, in sand
which is the hardest and toughest of Calumet and Hecla has received or gravel, or in quartz veins in gran-
steel known. ite. It is very soft, yellow, malleable,
an income of three dollars a minute
After the iron or steel is ready for ($5000 a day) for twenty-five years, and ductile. In commerce it is
use by one of the above methods, it and the mine is good for many years usually mixed with silver or copper
is taken white hot from the furnace to come. to harden it. Pure gold is "24 car-
in ladles and poured into moulds Space permits only a hasty glance ats." " Eighteen-carat gold" means
made of sand. This operation is at the other metals. that six parts are of baser metal.
called casting, and the articles made Lead is obtained from galena = ^
Gold is found everywhere in the
are called castings. They may be sulphide of lead, and zinc blende = world, but the quantity of it used in
either cast iron or cast steel. The galena mixed with sulphate of zinc. India and Southern Asia is almost
factory where castings are made is Lead is used pure for pipes and sheet incredible. In the United States gold
called a foundry. The castings are lead as an alloy in making pewter is mined chiefly in the Rocky Moun-
;

rough, from the surface of the sand and solder (lead and tin); for type tains, the Klondike, Alaska, and Cal-
in the moulds. They are smoothed metal (lead and antimony), without ifornia. The great gold reefs (or
by machinery, or, if small, by tum- which printing would cease and as ;
ledges) in South Africa caused the
bling over each other inside a cylin- white (oxide of) lead, used in paints. English to destroy the brave Boer
der. It is produced in the United States nation, which held the location of the
In other cases the molten wrought (25%), Spain (25"„), Germany (15%), mythical "King .Solomon's Mines"
iron is poured upon iron tables. and Mexico (10",,). of fabulous value. The uses of gold
Powerful machines controlled bv elec- Zinc comes from zinc blende (sul- are too well known to be cited here.
tricity then roll and pull and ha'mmer phide of zinc). In pure masses it is Silver is next to gold in value,
these masses of white hot iron until called "spelter." It is used pure as beauty, and use. It is found in all
they become the armor plates for a sheet zinc and to make galvanized lands. It occurs sometimes native
warship, the long girders of a great iron. Brass and white metal are al- but usually in an ore, as it blackens
bridge, or the heaw steel rails which loys of zinc.It is produced in Ger- from the sulphur gases in the air.
have made possible the transporta- many, Belgium, and the United States' The principal ores are — :

tion of today. Tin not found in the United

is Silver glance =
sulphide of silver
The uses of iron and steel are man- States in large quantities. It comes = most common and valuable
ifold. These metals are used for the from the Island of Banca the Malay silver ore, and
framework of great office buildings, Peninsula Cornwall, England and
;

Chloride of Silver = Horn Silver,

for the pipes in the ground that carry
;

Bolivia. It is used chiefly in making

;

common Mexico and .South

in
gas and water, for bridges, railroad tin plate and in alloys. True tin America. Pure silver is called 12
cars and rails, machinery, instru- plate is bright, glossy, and durable. pennyweights. Two parts alloy
npents and tools of all kinds, for the A cheap tin plate, called terne plates, would be 10 pennyweights. The
hulls of steamships and the engines has lead mixed with the tin. It is of uses of silver, like those of gold,
that propel them, for the cannon in a dull gray color, not durable, and is are familiar to all.
the forts, for the endless miles of often poisonous when used to make Pl.\tinum = a dark gray metal of
wire for fences and other uses, and dishes to hold food. great resistance to heat used for ;

for the infinite variety of electric and Mercurv, or quicksilver, comes crucibles and in electrical work. It
engineering apparatus and appli- from a sulphide called cinnabar, is very costly.
ances. found Spain (Almaden ), the United
in Iridium is used on the tips of gold
One reason for the success of the States (California), Austria, and pens to make them hard and durable.
United States in the manufacture of Italy. Mercury is used in thermom- Palladinni is used with silver for
iron and steel is that we possess eters and barometers. Its chief use dental instruments and a long series
;

abundant fuel, as coaland petroleum, is to form an amalgam with gold and

of kindred metals have various com-
for smelting the iron ore. Without silver in metallurgy as described mercial uses and values.
that fuel, our great deposits of iron above. The color, vermilion, is {Continued on page 31 .)
 ^^J^Ud//t£d^<^/fU^liiT^ ^
MECHANISM
<iM:iUimMib>Mi Sufficient instuction in this should
be given to avoid the unnecessarv
loss of time in waiting for a machin-
ist, when nothing is really broken or
I)epartment of worn. Some instruction is necessar-
ily given, scattered through the
course, but one or two hours may be
2Iypetr>riting Ho, 6. profitably spent on it in the gradu-
ating class. The extent of this in-
Miss Stella M. Smith, Sinmions College, Boston. struction, as well as practice in mak-
lupyright I9m, by Stella M. Smith, Boston, Jl .»s. ing mimeograph copies, filing, etc.,
can only bedecidedbycircumstances.

t A VERY IMPORTANT POINT,

which seems to be generally over-
Final Preparations is also a valuable hint), on the fifth looked, is to tea'^h the students how
day, instead of making carbon copies, to properly cl.^ek their letters as
We will assume that the student have the student use bits of carbon they are transcribed. Each day's
paper to emphasize some word, title, work in the shorthand note book
has now reached a point where accu- should be dated and separated from
or set of figures in the body of a
rate transcriptions from shorthand the preceding day by a blank sheet,
letter. I find that adults as well as
notes are made quickly and at the and as each letter is transcribed it
the younger students enjoy this prac-
first writing, and he is within a few should be checked. I think the
tice and the pleasing effect of the simplest a.nd most effective way of
weeks of the completion of the short-
colors. checking is to draw a pencil mark
hand and typewriting course. These
LETTER-PRESS COPIES from the top to the bottoin of the
last days are usually devoted to urg-
ing the students to higher speed in Select a list of names of business page as it is finished. Too much
firms, and ask your shorthand teacher
emphasis cannot be put on this, as it
note-taking and typewriting trans- is so often necessary to refer back to
cripts. Some of this time may also to dictate difi^erent letters to these
old notes, and at an instant's notice.
be profitably taken to round up the names every day for as many days as I have seen many a man's patience
course with instruction and sugges- may be necessary to aff'ord every tried beyond endurance while a sten-
tions as to the miscellaneous duties student in the class an opportunity ographer fumbled over the leaves of
that the stenographer may be called to copy, index, and cross-index, at her note book, first going hastilv
upon to perform. There are schools least six letters. all through the pages one wav, then

in which this instruction is provided DICT.^TION

beginning at the back of the book
and going all the way through to the
for under the head of "Office Prac- Ahalf hour every day for about front again, then beginning all over
tice,""Business Methods," or "The two weeks will do much toward urg- again and trying it more slowly. The
Model Office," and it is given as a ing the student to higher speed, and man of affairs watching the hands of
separate division of the course. This is an excellent training in remember- the clock fly from seconds to minutes,
division has obvious advantages. ing long sentences. Begin by dic- from minutes to quarter hours first ;

However, whether the "office prac- tating only three or four words at a tapping the floor with his foot, then
tice" is provided for or not, I have time, then gradually increase the rapping the desk with his fingers
found the following a very interest-
number until the student can carry, running his hands through his hair;
first two or three short sentences, then drawing in his lips to suppress
ing and satisfactory way of conclud- then long involved sentences, and the expression of unspeakable
ing the typewriting course. finally short letters. Carefully thoughts, and so, gradually, being
ENDORSEiMENT OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS planned and carried out, excellent worked up into a righteous indig-
results may be obtained fr6m this nation, while the unconscious sten-
Teach the student how to fold the practice. Aside from the abilitv to ographer calmly turned over leaf
paper to exact measurements, how to remember long sentences, the stud- after leaf. All because proper pre-
put it in the typewriter, and give him ent learns to be always on the alert, cautions were not taken to make each
to think quickly of punctuation marks day's work stand b}' itself, and to
a rule for the use of the scale. First
and'arrangement, and to write accu- check each letter as written. I have
let him copy stereotyped legal forms ;
rately. But unless the work can be observed this lack of systetn, not
then let him compose his own en- graded and carefully followed up, it only in boys and girls, but in college
dorsements for agreements, con- is better not to give it. women, whose life training should
tracts, specifications, etc.; of course, have taught them to do these things
IRREGULAR SPACINGS
giving him as a guide an outline of in an orderly fashion and so save
the essential points to be covered. Give one or two hours' practice in time, without being especially in-
Have him bind and fold each form. writing on ruled paper or filling in structed. All of which goes to show
If possible, use a variety of fasteners.
blanks or cards, so as to familiarize that even the most simple and
the students with the use of the obviously necessary things, must be
CVRBON COPIES. " cylinder stop spring"and "drag." pointed out to the majority of
students.
Take four days for this. If you CORRECTIONS
"Every habit and faculty is pre-
have not the time to provide special Train the student in comparing, served and increased by correspond-
matter, have the students use the checking errors, and correcting tvpe- ent actions, as the habit of walking
transcripts. Instruct them how to written work, and how to properly by walking, or of running by run-
use one sheet of carbon the first day, use an eraser. ning. If you would be a reader^ read ;

two the second, three the third, and if a writer, write. But if you do not
four the fourth. The red, the blue, read for a month together, but do
Explain the uses of the two kinds something else, you 'will see what
and the green carbon paper are a of ribbons — indelible and copying; will be the consequence. In the same
pleasant relief from the black and the different qualities and prices. way, after sitting still for ten days,
make the work much more interest- Give class drill in putting them on get up and attempt to take a long
ing. I always give a preliminary and taking them off. This instruc- walk, and j-ou will find how your
class "talk" as to the prices and tion should be given when the stud- legs are weakened. In general, then,
qualities of carbon, and how to take ent begins the legal work, but where if you would make anything habitual,
the work is all individual, it is wise practise it and if you would not
care of it its uses, and the number ;
;
to supplement all previous instruc- make it habitual, do not practise it,
of copies that may be made at one tion with class drill in the graduating but habituate yourself to something
time. For the sake of variety (and it class. e\se."— Epjc/el7is.
 f^^^u^^/ned^i^/iuaifr ^
words as he reads, and has become
=S=f| absolutely perfect in writing this
short dictation exercise. A single
error in this should cause a- paper to
DEPARTMENT OF be marked zero. Absolutely.no mis-
take whatever should be perfnitted
by any member of the class. '

Business (£orrcspon6ence. 6. In addition to this, there is a

list of about a thousand words that
SHEKWIN CODY, CHICAGO should be absolutely memorized, and
on which oral drill is excellent. I am
fully convinced that the thorough
mas'tery of these words will result in
more general ability in spelling than
any attempt to master the 5,000 words
which are usually given. One thous-
f)Oiv Co Ceacb Business Spelling. ly and must be memorized, and and words can be mastered. If a
finallyreduces the list of words for pupil gets the idea that every word
study from five thousand, the number must be spelled correctly, he will
Spelling-, though a small matter, is found in ordinary spellers, to about carry the habit out into life and
absolutely essential in business. If one thousand. master all the other 4,000 words for
a business college is honest, it will I will briefly summarize the points himself. The habit of observation
frankly advise pupils weak in spell- a teacher should bear in mind. and the habit of being letter perfect
ing not to take a course in shorthand, 1. Pupils should be thoroughly are, after all, the great things, and
or try to handle business correspon- drilled on the simple sounds, so that that is probably the reason why so
dence, unless it can be done by dic- the ear will become accustomed to few schools pay any attention to
tation, and the spelling knowledge of catching accurately the articulation them.
some one else utilized. Those who of a word, even the strangest. Good Finally, the spelling exercise should
do take the course should have the stenographers learn to take down include practice in the use of the dic-
most thorough drill in spelling that accurately words they have not so tionary. Every school-room should
can possibly be given. much as heard before. The drill on have a goodly number of unabridged
In my opinion, the methods of the sounds of the language, however, dictionaries, and every day several
teaching spelling in common use are should be confined to simple and ob- words should be ^iven out to be
as wrong-headed as the methods by vious distinctions. looked up in the dictionary for pro-
which it is attempted to teach 2. Three or four rules of spelling nunciation or for meaning. These
grammar. Far too many words are to which there are few or no excep- two things are collateral to spelling,
given, and the drill on common words tions should be drilled on till they and should go with it, for a word is
often misspelled is not sufficientlv are as familiar as the alphabet. nothing except as you speak it and
prolonged and repeated. ^ 3. Irregularities should be classi- understand it. All the principal
The principle on which spelling is fied, not because the classification sound marks used in the dictionary
taught, however, is foolish. The has much value in itself, but because should be mastered, and any pupil
pupil is expected to remember five itsets the student to thinking and ob- should be able to tell by looking in
thousand or ten thousand words by serving, and so enables him to build the dictionary how a word should be
a dead lift of the memory. If a up a sort of memory system to aid pronounced. He should also be able
person has a talent for this sort of him in fixing different words in mind. to dig out the real meaning of a word.
thing, spelling is not difficult. Words 4. The long list of words pro- I do not care for definitions myself.
are learned by being observed in or- nounced alike but spelled differently I do not think they are a fair test of
dinary reading. In my opinion most should have special and regular at- knowledge of the value of a word.
pupils would learn spelling natur- tention. Nothing is more vicious The only test is the use of a word in
ally, without any special drill what- than teaching these words in pairs, a sentence. I should therefore do
ever, and the drill now given in with definitions. If no confusion away with all the absurd and often
schools raises the standard of ability already exists, it is sure to be in- erroneous definitions found in
only a few degrees. The teaching in stilledby this method of teaching. spelling-books, — definitions which
commercial schools is far better than Any
oral work on homonyms I be- are useless because they are so short,
it is in ordinary grade schools, how- lieve to be altogether wrong. The — and ask for sentences in which the
ever, because the commercial schools whole effort should be to get the words are properly used. When
concentrate on a smaller list of words, pupil to think about the meaning of words have several meanings, these
and bear down harder on slips in the word. The only way in which can be found by looking in the dic-
spelling common words. this can be done is to have him use tionary. Nine persons out of ten do
Successful teaching of spelling re- the word in a sentence. I should not know the meaning of a word by
quires classification, and concentra- write five or ten of these words on reading its definition in a dictionary.
tion on difficulties, and especially the board every day, and ask pupils Pupils should be drilled upon the
difficulties in common words. Class- to write sentences in which each word interpretation of definitions by being
ification and the development of rules shall be used correctly. 1 should asked to form sentences in which the
builds up a sort of memory system, keep the pairs well separated, and word in question is used with its
a scheme of association, etc. It is never bring them together in any way stated meaning.
true that most persons learn to spell or speak of them together, except All these different things should be
by their sense of form, by the mere when they are actually confused in carried along together — ever)- day a
look of a word. But if a pupil lacks any individual case. Then and then little dictation exercise, a little exer-
the sense of form, he should be given only, may they be discriminated by cise on homonyms, a little exercise on
some other means of memorizing. definition. the principles of word formation, a
And even those who do have a good 5. The best test of a pupil's abil- little exercise in the dictionary, and a
sense of form should be given the ity to spellcommon words with uni- little drill orally on a small list of
benefit and additional aid afforded form accuracy is a dictation drill in common commercial words.
by appeals to other faculties. which these words are used repeat- There is an excellent device for
In my little book on Word-Study I edly. I have arranged the story of fixing words in the eye which I have
have fully developed a system for the Robinson Crusoe so as to contain never seen used in a school. A trouble-
study of spelling, which makes a within a few pages 500common words some word may be printed on the
concerted appeal to all the different often misspelled. Into this exercise board, and the troublesome letters
faculties, thoroughly classifies words have been carefully introduced all emphasized by being printed heavier
so that the memory will be given as the common troublesome words, and and larger than the other letters.
many aids of association as possible, attention has been fixed upon them Let this stand on the board for a few
eliminates words spelled regularly so by questions. The pupil should be days. If errors occur, merely glance
that attention can be concentrated kept drilling upon this exercise till at the word. Only one word should
on those which are spelled irregular- he forms the habit of observing be treated in this wav at a time.
 ^^^rSSud/n^d^/iSf/iu^aXir* ^
I. 500 bbls. of apples $1.25 per %
bbl. =$625, prime cost.
II. 100% of the prime cost^$625,
prime cost.
III. 1% of the prime cost=$6.25.
Department of IV. 3% "
commission.
" =$18.75,

V. $625,prime cost+$18.75, com.+

Clritl^mettc $3, adv. +$15, drayage=$661.75,
gross cost.
E. E. KENT, Commercial Dept., High School, The problem assigned for the first
Springfield, mass. lesson in this subject should contain
the three points found in the preced-
ing problems namely, that the com-
;

mission may be reckoned on the

prime cost, on the gross sale, or on
In this series of articles, there are ally. At first don't make it too diffi- the amount collected. On the day of
three things that cannot be men- cult but keep it within the grasp of the first assignment of problems con-
tioned too often or emphasized too the majority. Arouse those who taining these points, they should be
strongly. The first is, rapid work by can't follow by giving them individ- fully explained and illustrated by
class or individuals on oral problems ual problems suitable to their caliber. similar problems placed upon the
and exercises; second, speed work Don't single them out to their dis- board.
on written problems solved by the comfiture and embarrassment, but, IV.
shortest practical methods; third, in calling on individuals promiscu-
I sent to my agent $1957 to invest in
intelligent solutions recorded in ink, ously, aim to give more problems to
according to a definite plan for all them than to the others. Thus by wheat at a commission of 3%. Find
the amount of the commission.
home work. exercising their thought power on
Teachers are prone to say and be- simple problems you will increase I. 100% of C. of wheat=cost of
lieve that no time of the class period their capacity to handle work. wheat.
can be devoted to rapid calculation. II. 3% of C. of wheat=commission.
The fault lies in their failure to push COMMISSION III. 103% of C. of wheat=$1957, cost
the work. Don't use too much time This subject contains a number of of wheat and com.
for home work. If some have failed terms that may be entirely new to IV. 1% of C. of wheat=ii3 of $1957
on certain home problems and these many in the class. Before any prob- or $19.
have been placed on the board and lems are assigned from this subject, V. 3% of C. of wheat=3x$19 or $57,
e.xplained carefully, then don't waste it should be thoroughly discussed. commission.
time by re-explaining but make up The following terms should be
similar problems and dictate them at
ORAL WORK
grouped and explained by simple
once for home work. Those who illustrations placed on the board: Place problems similar to the fol-
failed, will have an opportunity at principal, agent, commission, con- lowing on the board, then call upon
home to test the knowledge acquired signor, consignee, commission mer- pupils to rise, give the result and the
by the board solutions and expla- chant, shipment, consignment, method of obtaining it.
nations. charges, storage, guaranty, gross
Time for the rapid mental work cost, net cost, gross proceeds, net Gross Sales — Com. in % — Com. in $.
can be found during the copying of proceeds, account sales and account $ 834.50 10% ?
the solutions upon the board and at purchase. 646.30 20% ?
the close of the period. Use every A few problems and their solutions
available minute and never allow any
2460.00 30% ?
are given to illustrate the method of 490.00 5% ?
part of the work to drag. Keep the recording intelligently the work in
class wide awake and busy by put-
300.00 15% ?
this subject. 440.00 25"-o ?
ting plent}' of energy and enthusiasm I.
into the work. Prime Cost — Com. in "o — Com. in $.
While the home work is being ex- An agent sold 250 bbls. of flour at
$5.25 per barrel on a commission of $ 840.00 J ?
plained, each pupil will be busy fol- 488.00
lowing, checking errors, and grading 2\%. What was the amount of his 2| ?

commission 210.00 3J ?
work. The moment this is com- ?
3040.00 5i ?
pleted, assign home work, then take I. S. P. of 250 bbls. of flour r-V
up the second point mentioned in the $5.25 per bbl. = $1312.50. 240.00 8j ?

opening paragraphs. This is im- II. 100% of the S. P. of flour = 960.00 12J ?

portant work and much time should $1312.50. Gross Sales -

Com. in $- Com.
be given to it. Make the problems III. l"o of the S. P. of flour=$13.125.
IV. $300.00 $ 1.50
short and simple yet applicable to 2li% of the S. P. of flour=$32.8i,
commission. 470.50 47.05
the work in hand. Don't assign long 32.00
960.00
problems, for half of the time will be II. 480.00 2.40
consumed in waiting- on the slow 640.00 32.00
pupils, and continued failures to A lawyer collected 25% of a debt of
800.00 200.00
finish on time or to solve correctly $4397.40. If he charged 10% for col-
deadens mental action and creates a lecting, what amount did he turn Am't
dislike for the work. Many short over to the principal ? Am't Col'td- Com. in$- turned over
-

problems will produce superior re- I. 25% of $4397.40, debt = $1099.35,

am't collected. $ 175.00 $ 25.00
sults, for the mental activity of the
120.00 20.00
slow pupils will be stimulated by a II. 100% of am't collected=$1099.35,
2400.00 360.00
realization of their ability to solve am't collected.
2700.00 13.50
the major number correctly. If in- III. 10% of am't colIected=,'„ of
840.00 12.60
terest begins to slacken, change to $1099.35 or $109.94, commission.
340.00 17.00
oral work. This may consist of mul- IV. $1099.35, am't collected-$109.94,
tiplying numbers of two digits by com. =$989. 41, am't turned over. Com. in $ — Com. in % Prime cost
eleven ; squaring certain numbers 3%
III. $ 30.00
that end in five; finding discounts
55. (»
equivalent to a series ;continued An agent bought for his principal 404.00 20%
exercises, usin^ the four fundamental 500 bbls. of apples at $1.25 per bbl.
operations drills in rapid multipli- and paid $3 for advertising and $15
300.0C 3i%
;

cation exercises in addition.

; for drayage. If he charged 3",, com-
20.00 21%
In all of the mental work, pains mission, what amount must the prin-
572.00 25%
should be taken to develop it gradu- cipal forward to the agent ? ( Continued on page 30. )
 ^^^^ud/^mi^i^/iu^ii^ ^
justified in killing. If the intruderilees the
person assailed is not justified in pursuing
and committing an injury.
r^cpartment of 'iam It Is held that the term " house " includes
a place of business or a rented room occu-
Copyifclitvii l.y
pied as a bedroom. W^here one is attacked
WILLIAM C. SPKAGUK. PRFSIDKNT, in the yard the courts hold that he should,
before taking life, retreat into the house, if
R|)rn«iie Corre^^pon.Iciire School of Law, Ditn.it, Midi.
there is a reasonable opportunity so to do.
Where one has peaceably entered the house,
the owner or occupant is not justified in
sF.r.F dbf:;ncb. Suppose that (he person called upon to de- using force to expel him, without first de-
fend himself, hail been himself the pro- manding or requesting that he leave; but
It is iii.itlerof importniice tlmtnne know
:i
voker of the quarrel or the immediate cause where the entry was by force a preliminary
how fur he inny no in iisinK force agniiis^t of the attack, would his subsequent use of request is not necessary before using force
force it> the defence of himself, his family, violent means in self-defence be justtHed
.i.mI his lire |>(-rf>-. The riKlit of self-defence
in ejecting the intruder. Where one or
under the rules laid down? The question more persons assemble about a house and
will cciir to ns as blinjj a natural riglit.
has arisen in many cases and has usually threaten to break in, the occupant is not
One ciMill scarcely l>c expected when at-
been decifled in the negative. The person justified in shooting until he gives
lackid, cither in person or in property, to
himself must be free from fault in order to warning.
say "I will wait for the law to punish the justify himself f.>r killing another
aL'f-'rc-sor."for the one attacked has no A man was held to be justified in killing
The ( ases go to the extent of saying that where on returning home at night he found
MHiins of knowins how far the attacking anyone who brings on or provokes a person-
paity may CO in tlie use of violence, as he the door fastened against him, broke it
al encounter can not rely upon the plea of open, entered and in a fight that ensued
may >;o e\ en to the extent of lakinjjlife. self-defence. Wecati quickly see that if the killed the intruder. It has been held that
Then, too, the law recognizes a weakness law were permitted to be otherwise, one
in human nature or shall we call it— the act of entering at a window in the night
desiring to kill another would only have to will not excuse the use of a deadly weapon
strenKth, rather, that impels one when at- provoke that other sufficiently to cause hitn
tacked to defend himself l>v the use of without first warning the intruder to de-
to use violence in order to take his life and sist. Where a house is occupied in viola-
force. Self-preservation is truly <he first
escape the consequences. The main ques- tion of law, as for gambling purposes, the
law of nature. tion as to whether or not the force used
The law of self-defence is an old one, rec- occupant, or owner, cannot justify force
could have reasonably been deemed nec- used in putting out a person from a gamb-
ognized from the beginning. It exleixls essary is a question to be left to the deter-
not only to one's own person but to one's ling room for disorderly behavior
mination of the jury in all cases. Decisions are pretty well agreed that a
own family and p<issessions. Tlie old law
It is also of interest to ask whether a man
speaks of a man's liome as his "castle" man cannot defend his real property, other
attacked is bound to retreat. It is quite than his dwelling, to the extent of taking
and gave him the right to defend it, even to well decided that when a man is attacked life; but in a Michigan case a building
the extent of taking life; with certain limi- with a dangerous weapon he must retreat
tations, wliich we shall learn, that right thirty-six feet away from the dwelling, in
as far as he can safely do so before using which the owner's servants slept, was de-
still exists.
like means in defending hiuiself but where ;
clared to be a part of the dwelling. As to
Of course there must be a limitation put the one attacked has reasonable grounds
upon the right of self-defence or it will be personal property, one may not take life in
for believing that he can not safely retreat, defen,iing his rights, save where the effort
a!)used, and men. under cover of the excuse
he is justified in using violence in self- is to deprive him of his property by a for-
that they weie put to an act of violence by defence. The right of self-defence goes to
necessity, will cover up acts which are un- cible felony, such as robbery or burglary.
the extent of excusing a man for resisting
justifiable and hence punishable. The law,
arrest by violence where the attempted ar-
broadly speaking, limits the right to cases rest is unlawful.
where necessity exists, and it will only ex- JIrHbtnetic-e«ntinue(l from Page 29.
cuse a man when he uses that violence DEFENCE OF ONE'S HOUSE.
which under the circumstances would ap- In our last talk we discussed Self-Defence.
peal to a reasonable man as necessary for Akin to the right of a man to defend him- Ain't Remit'd — Com. in ;
-Com. in $
his self-protection. Nor will a court com- self against an unlawful attack is the right $2040.00 2% ?

pel him to exercise the best of judgment at to defend his home. The constitutions of 8800.00 WX ?

the time, for it recognizes that when the twenty-seven of the States provide that one
3600.00 20%' ?
occasion for self-defence presents itself, the has a natural right to protect his property. ?
tnind of the one attacked is more or less " A man's house." says the old law, " is his 8400.00 5%
disturbed and the even balance of his judg- castle, and he may take such steps as are 7210.00 3% ?
?
mer.t shaken; but where the means taken reasonably necessary in thedefence thereof 5350.00 7%
to defend one's self are manifestly more against unlawful intrusion." Indeed, the
tlian necessary, as where one slapped in law regards an assault on a man's haliita- Mark'd Price —Discount— Sel' ng Price
the face, draws a revolver and kills, the act tion for a felonious purpose as an assault $800.00 25% ?

will be considered unjustifiable and the on his person or on the person of an 900.00 33i% ?

perpetrator of it held to account; but if the occupant. 560.00 20% ?

person attacked has reasonable grounds for One is never bound to retreat from his
490.00 10% ?
fearing that killing or a felony is being at- house, and in general may even kill to pre-
tempted by the attacking party, thedefence vent a fiircible and unlawful entry. The
500.00 30% ?

may go to the extent of taking life. It is exercise of the right to protect one's home 240.00 5% ?

well decided that where one is merely must not exceed tfie bounds, however, of Discount on Mark'd
struck with the fist and has no reasonable defence or protection, so that the kind of
grounds for believing that he is in danger force that one may use depends somewhat Selling Price — Marked Price - Price
of eing killed or of a felony being com-
I on the nature of the attack and the purpose $5(X).00 20% .
?
mitted, his use of a gun, or a knife, or dead- of it. Where an entry is by force and the 3(10.00 25% ?
ly weapon is unjustifiable- purpose of it is to commit a felony, killing,
810.00 10% ?
The fact that the person defending him- if necessary to prevent it, is excusaf>le and
self was mistaken as to the intentions of any one in the house, even a lodger, is justi-
630.00 30% ?

his assailant does not affect his right to fied in the protection of the house by any
350.00 12J% ?

?
take there appeared to him at the
life if means found necessary. One who has a 240.00 33h%
time reasonable grounds to believe that reasonable fear that a felony is intended
Discount Marked
unless he did so he would be killed or a need not wait ixntil the assailant gets with-
felony would be perpetrated against him. It in the house, but may meet the intruder on Cost — Gain in % — Allowed Price —
has been held that the mere fact that the £he threshold and use means fatal to the $4.00 25% 16s%
assailant put his hand in his pocket wasnot assailant if necessary to protect himself 20%
3.00 20%
sufficient to justify the taking of the as- from death or great bodily injury. If the
sailant^s life on the ground that the as- assailant, however, can be repelled other-
5.00 10% 16s%
sailant was believed to be reacliing for a wise, and the one assailed does not use any 6.00 16?% 33J%
weapon. other means of defence, the latter is not 7.00 14f% 11|%
 f^^^ud/n^U^&/iu^if/iT^ ^
Co Cbc Business College Fra= how everything could be satisfactorily EXECUTIVE COI'IMITTEE
adjusted withou.t any loss being entailed H. W. Hammond, Wood's School, Newark,
ternity* on any one. But my affairs were in the New Jersey.
hands of the lawyers who had nothing at Geo. B. Wolf, 3030 Third Ave.. New York.
stake and who applied the technicalities of
J. J. D'Arcy, 524 Broadway, New York.
Ever since the cornniencenient of the law rather than reasonable measures of
troubles that landed me, unjustly as I be- justice to all. The new president reappointed the old
lieve, in a penal institution. I have wanted I wish to thank my friends of the Busi- examining committee, viz., C. M. Miller,
to make a full and true statement of the ness College fraternity for the inspiring A. Rosenblum, and C. E. Smith for the
con<HtioTis of my
case. I felt this to be due. messages that have been sent me, and the purpose of conducting the April examina-
as a matter of justice, to those who had earnest efforts they are making in my be- tion, the president himself being an ex-
treated me
so kindly in the past and wlio half. I particularly wish these friends to officio member of the association.
had voluntarily bestowed upon nie their know that one who has met them at con- Speeches by the newly elected officers
highest honors. I was prevented from ventions in Chicago. St. Louis, Detroit, closed the meeting.
doing this by the positive instructions of Milwaukee, Cleveland. Chautauqua, Den-
my attorney who, f<»r good professional ver, Saratoga, Louisville. Cincinnati, Peo
reason, no doubt, did not wish me to run the ria. Providence and Des Moines is not a Commercial 6eodraphy— Continued from
risk of the possib'lities of prejudicing my disgrace to the profession whose highest Page 26
casein any way. I think now, however, as ambition it has been his desire to honor. I
I thouijht then, tlint it would have been far may never attend another of these gather- Radium is the latest and most sur^
bette had I been at that time allowed to ings, but the memories of the past will ever
•*
tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing lie one of my choicest possessions. prising of all metals in its action
but the trutli." In the necessarily pre- Respectfully, Radium perpetually gives off heat
scribed limits nf this communication I can- J. W. WARR. X-ray force, etc.
light, electric force,
not do much more than make a general
plea of innocence of any wrong intent in The undersigned take pleasure in certify- but does not diminish in volume or
the transactions which a heartless perse- ing that they have read the above article decrease in weight, from all the giV
cution tortured into the semblance of written bv Mr. J. \V, Warr. They state that ing out of these heat and light rays
criminal acts. Strangely enough, the in- they are familiar with Mr. Warr's affairs,
having visited Moline a short time after the There are a number of other rare
cipiency of my troubles was in trying to be
honorable from a high moral standpoint, troubleoccurred and spent some ten days in metals of interest and of some value
which the judgment of the world does not inve*>tigating the matter. They believe but they can not be given space here
recognize as essential in its estimate of that Mr. Warr has rather under-stated than
character. I was one of the large stock- over-drawn the facts. They believe him to In the Middle Ages, in Europe, the
holders of a corporation which failed and I have been strictly honest in all of his study of science was under penalty
thought would be manly and honorable dealings, and that he never at any time
it
had any intention of wronging anyone. On of death, as being an impious at-
in me to protect the outside stockholders
tempt to discover the secrets of God,
and the banks having claims against the the other hand it wa«, we might say, his
company, by paying them otT in full, out of over desire to have no one lose anything by hidden from men. In spite of this,
this money 1 was yet to earn. Of course I any transaction wherein he was interested the old alchemists (" the chemists ")
realize now that while my motives were that caused him to burden himself with
that which might have very properly been in hidden laboratories, studied, test-
correct, my judgment was at fault. The
banks had taken the plant for $300<J.OO, I thrown upon the shoulders of others. We ed, "proved all things and held fast
purchased it back at a price that settled believe that when given his liberty he will that w^hich was good," and from their
their claims in full - about $13,000.00. I took do everything he possibly can to set him- alembics, elixirs, and essences have
the badly crippled business, and succeeded self right before the people.
in placing it upon a healthy paying basis.
Respectfully. come most of the chemical reagents
But its rapid and almost phenomenal G. W. Elt.iott. (acids and alkalis), and the most
growth carried with it heavy burdens. In March 20, 1905. Enos Spencer. valuable remedies in use today; as,
order to do the work that came to me, it be- aconite, belladonna, strychnine, (all
came necessary for me to have modern powerful poisons). They studied
machinery and an up-to-date equipment Isaac Pitman Jlssoeiatiott
for first class work, and this necessarily electricity under the symbolic name
diverted the money I had intended to use of the " Philosopher's Stone." They
in the liquidation of the obligations I had The annual meeting of the National Asso- believed in the transmutation of base
assumed, which amounted to about $?8,O0o.0<). ciation of IsaacPitman Shorthand Teachers
To carry this load and provide for the de- and Writers was held at the Miller School, metals, like iron, lead, and copper, to
mands of my business, I was obliged to New York City, on Saturday, April S. Re- the precious metals, silver and gold,
borrow large amounts of money and on ports of officers and committees showed by the addition of certain chemicals.
long time. I was then Secretary of a Build- that the association had progressed satis-
ing and Loan Association and had been for factorily during the first year of its exist-
This still awaits scientific proof, but
twenty-three consecutive years. When ence in spii:e of the difficulties a new organ- in a scientific magazine, in 1904, a
money piled up in the treasury for which ization is bound to encounter. Regular European chemist reported a remark-
there was no demand, I thought it would meetings for the discussion of the theory able change of lead to copper, in the
help the Association, and enable me to and teaching of the system were held twice
fund my obligations by becoming a bor- monthly throughout the entire year. The laboratory, under the influence of
rower. To do this in the regular way, I association has a membership of (^t3,of whom chemicals and intense electric heat.
took out about $40,000 00 worth of stock, on 91 are active senior members, and a satis- Modern chemic science is beginning
which I kept up the dues regularlj', and factory cash balance in the treasury.
to teach that all the so-called ele-
then made what is called .Stock Loans for Seventeen qualified for the Association's
money as I needed it, paj-ing the interest third grade certificate after examination, ments are made from one original
monthly as provided by the by-laws. Every and examinations for the second and third substance by varying arrangement of
loan I made was, as I fully believed, amply grades will be held in due course. molecules and atoms. If this is true,
secured, but to place them in a still better The examining committee announced
condition, I took out about $'^0,000.00 of life that Isaac Pitman Sons were prepared to
i.<:
a change in what might be called
insurance in favor of my estate, attaching recognize the Association's second grade "electrical polarity" of the atoms
to each policy a memorandum, stating certificate as equivalent, under certain con- could produce a different substance,
that in case of my death the insurance ditions, to the Isaac Pitman & Sons' short-
or any particular substance, when
monej' was to be used in settlement of my hand teachers' certificate.
loans. But it may be asked how it was The following offf cers were elected for the control of it was learned. So trans-
that my securities, which seemed to be ensuing year: mutation of metals might be easily
ample did not cover the amount of the President, D. W. Walton, 46 Sidney Place, possible. Of this, the editor can only
claims against me. One reason was, that Brooklyn, X. Y.
the discrepancy charged against me was First Vice President, D. J. George, 450 use the words of Michelangelo, in
grossly incorrect — one item of over $*i,iXK).0(J Lenox Ave., New York. Longfellow's poem; —
being withdrawn by the prosecution before Secpnd Vice President, Miss Ida M. Catren. " Who knows, who knows ?
thecase went to trial. Another, and a more Girls' Technical High School.
There
important reason was, that my property Third Vice President. Miss Jennie L. Fox, are great Truths
was ruthlessly sacrificed. My plant, which am West 127th St., New York. That pitch their shining tents out-
was then paying a 6 percent, dividend on Secretary, Arthur Sennet, 148 East 89th St., side our walls,
was sold to my competitor {a member
$7.50(X) New York.
of the appraiser lent committee) for Corresponding Secretary. R. A. Kells, 143 And though but dimly seen in the
$.^.800.00. All this oc curred when I was sick West 125th St., New York. gray dawn.
in bed with malar ial fever and unable to Treasurer, Geo. K. Hinds, 146 Grand'St., They may be manifest, when the
defend my rights I did my best to stay New York.
the hand of destr Lictions. Propped up in Dean, Chas. E. Smith, 9S Wilson St.,
Light widens into perfect
bed I prepared a communication shov Brooklyn, N. Y. Day."
 f^^^u4//i^M^^(/iu^iifr ^
-' -.
- — , 'J \ ,
— — , J V' , — - ~ ' '
— ^'i

School and News Notes Catalogs

Professional and Notices. and Circulars

' I'tMiwork ' is tlie title of a special circu

Bv June lirst Sa-Uer's ilrvaut cV- Slralti.n Mr. C\ K. L'.u<ler. the skillful penman in
Business College, I^altimore, Md., expects the Metropolitan Commercial College, Min- lar issued hy the Capital City Commercial
to occupy a whole floor and a half of the neapolis. Minn., is favoring The BUSINESS College, Ues Moines, I a., containing samples
Riddlernoser Building on the southeast cor- EDUt'ATOK with some noteworthy clubs. of practical and ornamental writing,
ner of Fayette and Hanover Sts. Mr. Sad- We learn that Mr. Lowder is arousing much diploma lettering, and engrossing, all
ler is expending $ir.,0(JO in furnishing his new interest in penmanship in the institution done by Miss Mary Champion, the penman.
school; nothing but the best seems to be with which he is connected. The signature
that he attaches to his letters is among the "'
Dakins' Business Journal " is the title of
good enough for the genial \V. H. Mr. Sad-
ler is a brilliant exception to Dr. Osier's most artistic and skillful received at this a well-printed, splendidly-illustrated, eight-
widely discussed and generally denounced office. page circular published in the Interests of
Dakins* Business College, Sj-racuse, N. Y.
tlieory. Mr. C. V. Howe, the premier engrossing
Messrs. W.
S. Seyler, formerly of Hazelton, script artist, whose work is known far and " Yocum's Business College Reporter,"
Pa., A. Ziegler, of the Waynesburg,
and I. wide as the highest type of this style of cjuarterly, is a well gotten up sixteen-page
Pa., Business College, have purcliased the writing, is arousing much interest in prac- journal published in the interest of the
Weading Academy and Business School, of tical business writing in the Evening High Yocuni Schools located at Massillon,
Reading, Pa., and changed the name to the School, Philadelphia, in which institution Wooster, Mansfield, New Philadelphia,
Reading Business School. These gentle- he has charge of the penmanship work. Findlay, Uhrichsville and Coshocton, O.
ijien are hustlers, and the new scln^tol will Two pupils. Messrs. J. C. McLoughin and
doubtless make things huni in and about M%er Greenberg, recently- won a subscrip- "Facts Concerning Inductive Bookkeep-
Reading. Our best wishes for the new tion each to THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR for ing and Business Practice," by S. S. Hook-
school and our congratulations to the city marked improvement in their writing. land and W. R. Hayard. publishers, Phila-
of Reading. Another pupil, Mr. Albert Curry, won a delphia, Pa., is the title of a well-written
handsomely engrossed certificate from the little booklet published iti the interests of a
Mr. P. W. Clark, of Clark's School of Busi- pen of Mr. Howe as a penmanship prize. The
ness, North Tonawanda. N. Y.. has pur- pupils of the Evening High School are to be
new system of bookkeeping.
chased the Massey Business College, of congratulated on the fact that they are The Thirtv-ninth Annual Catalog of the
Louisville, Ky. Mr. and Mrs. Clark intend receiving instruction from one of the ablest Louisville, Ky.. Bryant & Stratton Busi-
making this a first class school. Lmiisville penmen and teachers in the country. ness College is at hand. It is printed on
is large enough to support a number of good pink paper, profusely illustrated with
business schools. We wish the new school Messrs. P. M. Bridges and C. S. Rogers, school room views, and is in every way a
the success it deserves. the skilled and practical penmen of the
fit advertisement for this well-known, prac-
San Francisco, Calif Business College, are
We learn that Prof. M. B. Wallace, brother ,

staunch friends of TllE BUSINESS EDUCA- tical, up-to-date school.

of the famous artist, G. W. Wallace, has re- TOR, and a half century club is before us as
cently been added to the faculty of the com- a result of their enthusiasm and interest in
The American Business College, Allen-
mercial department, St. Joseph, Mo., High town, Pa., is sending out an unusually
the work Penmanship is being looked
School. We also learn that this department after in that school in a manner and to an
attractive and profusely illustrated circular
is in an exceptionally tine condition, three extent that is equaled by few other schools advertising that instituti<»n. It is some-
hundred students having been enrolled. thing out of the ordinary and well worth
in the country.
seeing. You wfill do well to ask the Presi-
The Ft. Worth, Tex.. Daily Record, of re* From the Daily Press we learn that Mr. dent, Mr. O C. Dorney, for a copy.
cent date, says in part: *' Up to date, by far D. R. Cox, of Petersburg, Va., the well
the largest donation that has been made to known teacher of shorthand, had a number The pupils of the commercial department
the Y. M. C. A. New Building Fund has been of his students take government examina- Chatham. N. Y., High School. Frank
of the
made by a gentleman neitlier a resident of tions. We
understand that they all suc- M. Erskine, Principal, by the mimeograph
Ft. Worth nor of Texas, although he has a ceeded in taking the examinations from or some other duplicating device, turn out
substantial interest in Ft. Worth. start to finish, which is quite a compliment a very credible eight-page journal.
'•
Prof. J. F. Draughon, President of to both teacher and students.
Draughon's Practical Business College Co., Advertising matter has been received
has made a contribution whicli ought to net Mr. E. M. Huntsinger, President of the from the following: Lawrence, Mass., Com-
the Association $10,00000. He has contrib- Huntsinger Business College, Hartford, mercial School; Central Business College,
uted two hundred and fifty $50.00 scholar- Conn., is a lover of good writing, and writes Indianapolis, Ind. D. Beauchanip, penman,
;

ships that would net the Association, if sold well himself. Not only that, but he employs 2133 St. Catherine St Montreal, Can. Taylor
, ;

at $5000 each, $12,510.00, but he has given the teachers who write well and who know how School of Business and Shorthand, Phila-
Committee the privilege of selling the to get results on the part of his students. delphia, Pa.; Arthur J. Barnes Publishing
scholarships at $40 each, which will, when A good sized club recently received is an Co., St. Louis, Mo.; Soule Business College,
sold, net the Association $10,000.00. The As evidence of the fact that penmanship is New Orleans, La.; Call's College, Pitts-
sociation has six years in which to dispose receiving the attention it justly deserves. burgh, Pa.; Parson's Business College,
of the scholarships." The Huntsinger Business College has a Parsons, Kans,; Rasmussen Practical Busi-
reputation far and wide for turning out ness School, St. Paul, Minn.; Seattle Com-
Mr. S. C
Myers has recently been elected,
for the tenth consecutive year, at a substan-
fine penmen. mercial School, Seattle, Wash.; Elliott
Commercial School, Wheeling, W. Va.;
tial increase in salary, as principal of the F. W. Martin, Penman in the Troy, New Scranton Business College, Scranton. Pa.:
Commercial Department of the Shelbvville, York, Business College, favored us with a National Business College. Quincy, III
Mo.. Public High School. He has also been
;

package of specimens of students' work, Tampa Business College, Tampa, Fla.;

re-elected County Couiniissioner of tlie comprising lettering and writing. As a Brazil Business University, Brazil, ind.
Public Schools of Shelby county for a term whole the lettering is the best we have ever
of two years. This speaks well for Mr. received from a penmanship class, and
Myers as well as for the people who had tlie indicates that Mr. Martin is giving atten- n Correction.
good judgment to re-elect him. tion to a very practical phase of office work.
The best of the specimens submitted were
Mr. L. H. Hausam, of Los Angeles, Calif., from the following: A. L. Keeler, Beulah E. In our brief sketch of Mr. H. C. Russell,
has engaged with Dud's Cllege. Pittsburg. Shields, Sidney Airthoys. Florine Lavoine, which appeared in the March number of
Pa., as commercial teacher an<l manager. Wm. J. Hartigan. Edna Lindsay, J. T. Mur- The Business Educator, we unintention-
We are glad to welcome Mr. Hausam to phy and N. J. Jacobson. The writing, al- ally stated that Mr. Russell, before going to
the East, and hope that he may find every- though good, is not up to the lettering.
thing to his liking. He has engaged with Pawtucket, had charge of the Commercial
The work from the following is especially Department of the Bryant and Stratton
an institution tlie history of which dates good: Janet Oevine, Beulah E. Shields and
back to the beginning of commercial educa- Edna P. Cottrell. Business College, Providence, R. I. As Mr.
tion in this country. A. S. Hubbard has had charge of that de-
Ce:itral Business College, Indianapolis, partment for some years, we take pleasure
Mr. L. B. D'Armond of Jefferson Citv. Itul, occupies a half page announcing the
Tenn., recentU' purchased a half interest in opening of th irschool in the " Indianapolis in correcting our mis-statement, in justice
the Bristol, Tenn.. Business College. Mr. W. i\ews," Mar. 7. It is especially well gotten to both Mr. Hubbard and Mr. Russell.
W. Merriman, proprietor. This new combi- up and free from uneducational and unpro-
nation means a strong team and a fine fessional statements. We speak for the new
school. We congratulate the people of Bris- institution, prosperity from the beginning.
having in their midst
tol for a school with Other and even larger spaces were used in
such men at its head. the daily papers.
L. A. Waugh. formerly of Tuscola, HI.. '
Messrs, J. I. White and W. J. Roche have
n<iw has charge of the commercial depart- just organized a business college and
ment St. Josepii (Mo Business University.
I
school of telegraphy at New Bethlehem,
The B E. extends best wishes for Mr. Pa. The Business Educator wishes the Mrs. Phebe A. Crump
Wnngh's succei^s in his new field of labor. new institution much success. has the honor of announcing the
J A. Huell. formerly of the Red Wing The Muller School of Business, Cincinnati, marriage of her daughter
(Minn.) Business College, is now contiectetl 0.4 reports that during the first six months Mildred Sara
with theTri-State Business College. Toledo. of its existence, it enrolled 133 students. to
Ohio. As our readers are aware. Mr. Buell Considering the fact that Mr. Muller had Mr. F. E. Hermann Jaegar
is a penman of considerable ability. The B. not thought of starting his school until the on Saturday, March the fourth
F. wishes hiin unbounded success in the roth of .Vugust last, the record is especially Nineteen Hundred and Five
Buckeye State, nattering. Bay City, W. S. Michi^'au
 f^i^^u4/ned^i^dfu^ii&7^ ^
credit is always good, ind all we have to do
is to walk up and dr w whatever amount
we Don't igi are the Good. It is
desire.
ever ready to serve : yu by giving you all
the happiness and all the prosperity 5'ou
(EI?e Success Circle. can make yourself capable of receiving and
enjoying.

a Department of (Encouragement, Zw-

ebealing Himself and fiis Ulork.
spiration, progress, f)ealtl], (£tc.
Conducted by L. M. THORNBURGH,
Paterson, N. J., An employer of thousands of men was
Commercial High School. asked what thing in all his large opera-
tions gave him the most concern. " The
man who does a little less than is expect-
ed of him," was the reply.
" He is the dangerous factor in all busi-
Dome of Crutb Ceacbing. omnipotence, He is not all-powerful and
always present, etc. But the worst of it is, ness. The absolute failure we readily dis-
cover and discharge, but the 'almosts'
BY E. BAKER, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. you pay mighty little attention to his
D. escape detection for months and often for
Presence anyhow. How much time in each
years, and they make our losses as well
twenty-four hours do you recognize it? I
t{ God should forget Us as we forget as our fears," and with a very serious
will venture to say that, e-xcept for the per-
Him, what should we expect Naturally, 1
smile he added. "The drip in business is
functory prayer said at regularlj' prayer
the end of things. worse than the leak."
time, (which the sectarian says more as a
I do not suppose that any of us dispute It is a condition that is as old as human
matter of habit, for it was tauglit to him as
that there is a God, call it by any name you experience. Eighteen and a half centuries
a habit), few of us spend ten minutes a day
'choose — The Good, First Cause, The Crea- ago Seneca put it in these words: "Some
tor, Allah, Jehovah, etc. — and that the
remembering God or that we are beholden
portion of our time is taken from us by
to him. We don't even take time to recog-
Governing Principle is endowed, possessed force-, another portion is stolen from us;
nize its Presence — forget it entirely, except
of, or connected with attributes which worlt and another slips away. But the most
only for good, and that they are Infinite,
perhaps when something uncommon calls
disgraceful loss is that which arises from
Omnipresent, Omnipotent and Omni- our attention to it and we " Thank God " or
our own negligence; and if thou wilt
But it is impossible for us to real- "Bless God" for it. Wetake timeforevery-
scient. seriously observe, thou shalt perceive that
thingelse. We might take as much time
ize the e.xtent, scope and meaning of it all, a great part of life flits from those who do
for this as we do to remember our stomachs,
else we were endowed with omnipotent evil, a greater from those who iio nothing,
but we don't. Now, can we suppose that
comprehension; but exercising our facul- and the whole from those who do not ac-
for a millionth part of a second He would
ties in that direction to their utmost, we complish the business which they think
somehow grasp at the illimitable Love forget us! Where would we land? God's
they are doing."
back of it all. Infinite Love, and in the attention to us cannot be described nor
same measure that we are unable to grasp comprehended, nor its results, but we are
the extent of these attriljutes, are we un- the results, and because we do not allow
the Good to work for us, is why we are the ttlorldly Hdvice.
able to compreliend where or how they act
for us. If there is a Supreme Law (a God), failures that we are. We
forget that it is
always working Shut it out, turn
for us. To lose your temper doesn't pay.
it is for all, sinner and saint alike. It is all
away from it, and God can't do it all, and It makes you lose your self-respect
in all. It is everything— and everything
good. won't. If we will not take the Good so freely To weaken in your self-control
" We are aln-aj^s in offered, won't co-operate, we get the op- And let your passion rage unchecked.
Father Joseph says,
positeof good. Butwecan get it spiritually, When you get mad you always say
the presence of God." That is, the Good is
mentally, physically, and materially, get Something you're certain to regret,
never absent from us. And as the Good is
Power, Strength, Intelligence, and all good
—
success in all things, The earth and the And angry language never helped
qualities, so it follows we are always sur-
Fullness thereof is ours. A man to gain an object yet.
rounded with tliem— we are always in When the Good ceases to be with us, in
us, for us. ceases to be omnipotent, omni- So keep your temper if you can.
their Presence. This does not mean solely
scient, omnipresent, then we are undone. No matter how you are provoked.
spiritually with us. It is with us in every
Then are we forgotten. But don't you for- Don't imitate the cat and scratch
thing and in every way, and if you would Because you are not rightly stroked.
only recognize this, always bear it in mind, get God, and He won't forget you. In com-
mon gratitude we should remember what Just stop and think before you speak;
how different the results might be. You'll gain immensely by delay,
Somehow though you believe all this, you we receive and be thankful for it. Try to
imagine what we would be if we did not For so perhaps you can devise.
admit that the Good is not always with
have the Good always with us to draw Some much more cutting things to say.
you, that the (d) Evil is occasionally, and — Somerville Journal.
when you admit that, then away goes God's upon. It is our Bank, always full. Our

Ct?c 5ct]ooI Ccact)cr's (£recb

men women a great to=moiTom tl^at wl^atsocrct the boy soau-tl] the
3 bclicrc in boys ani> ijirls, tl]C ani< of ;

in the efficacy of scliools, in the &ignity of teaching, anb in tl)e

man isl^all reap. 3 belierc iit tl^e curse of ignorance,
human lipes as a'cll as in ttic pages of printcS book, in
joy of seroing otl^ers. 3 belicrc in isisbom as renealeb in

as by e.vample, in ability to work mitb the hanbs as mell as to t^ink nntb

lessons tauglit, not so muct^ by precept
3 bclieoe in beauty in tl^e scl]oolroom, in the t)omc, in baihj
the heab, in CDerytl]ing tt^at makes life large ani> lorely.

life an& in out=of=tioors. 3 beliere in Iaugl]ter, in lore, in faitli, in all i&eas anb bistant l^opes tl^at lure us on. 3 be=

me are anb all u-c bo. 3 beliere in the present

liere tliat cpery l]our of ccery bay mc receive a just rcroarb for all

anb its opportunities, in tlje future anb its promises, anb in tl]e birine joy of liring. amen.
(Ebtuin ©sgoob iSroher.
 Move.i.et.l exercise bv Katl.erine K.. 2nd grade pupil, public schools. Youngstown, O Miss Gettins, the supervisor, is securiijg
teacher, Haselton building.
results we have never seen equalled by little 6 and 7 year pupils. Miss Rowland, regular

UY FRED S. JONES, I'UPII. IN LANCASTEK, PA., BUSINESS COLLEGE, A. T. SCOVII.I.E, PEN?IAN

UNIUUE MOVEMENT EXERCISES BV MR. CHRISTIANSEN, PUPIL OF M. GARDINER,

PEN?IAN, WAUSAU, WIS., BUSINESS COLLEGE.
J.
-T?^
Specimens
Keceive<f

Mr. C. M. Beckett. Principal of the Com-

mercial Department of the Marion, O.,
High School, submits specimens from his
students which average as high as we have
ever seen fromanvof a similarclass. bpace
forbids mention of individual names, as all
of the specimens, with the exception of one
or two, deserve mention. The work is un-
usually uniform in size, easy in execution,
and plain. The work is highly creditable to
all concerned. The arm movement method
is employed.

A letter and some cards from Mr. E. A.

Banks, Belfast, Me., shows him to be a pen-
man of far more than ordinary ability. The
work is very artistic and graceful.
P.M. Bridges, penman in the Metropolitan
Business College, Dallas, Texas, submits
specimens of movement exercises from
Messrs. E. E. Green and D. F. Marian which
show excellent training.
Mr. C. E. Burch, of the Chilocco, Okla.,
Agricultural School, sends some written
cards which show that he is swinging quite
a graceful pen.
Mr. A. F. Foote. of the Holyoke, Mass.,
Business Institute, favored us with a
bundle of specimens of movement exer-
cises and figures from students in his
charge, showing that they are making
excellent progress in the way of learning to
write well. As a whole the work is quite
neat, legible, and rapid; three very import-
ant essentials in the art.
Mr. H. E. Wassell, penman in the Aurora,
Nebr., Commercial College, submits speci-
mens of students' writing which measure up
Mr. I.eon
to the best received at this office.
T \V Fross and Miss Alta
Anderson being
especially good. Mr. Wassell writes a good
hand himself, which in part accounts for
tlie work of the students.
 .^^^ud/n^U^^i^fu^i^S^ ^
We recently had the pleasure ot ezatniti-
ing a large bundle of miscellaneous speci-
mens from the students of the Capitol City
Commercial College. Des Moines, la. Miss
Mary Chainpion, penman. The work com-
prises exercises which, for ingenuity and
skill, we have never seen surpassed. Also
word writing, sentence writing, and page
writing. Some of tlie exercises were in the
form of portraits made of figures. Others
of Gibson-like girls, made also of figures,
while otliers were in the form of geometric
designs and still others in the form of
buildings. One being an excellent repre-
sentation of the Y. M. C. A. the building in ;

which the 4 C's is located. Miss Champion

is one of the leading lady penman of the
United States. The specimens before us
indicate that she also stands in the front
ranks of teachers of practical writing. Our
congratulations are hereby extended to
teacher and pupils.
Mr. E. W. Strickler. penman in the Millers-
vUle, Pa., State Normal, is doing excellent
work in that institution, interesting a great
many people in the art of learning to write
well. Some work recently received from
hinl by one of his pupils. Mr. Chas. Hill,
shows unusual talent and training in pen-
manship and pen work.
Mr. R. F. Kennedy, Red River Valley
University, Wahpeton, N. D., submitted
specimens of students' work showing im-
provement. It gave us pleasure to examine
these specimens, and to report that the
Improvement shown was considerably
above the average submitted to this office.
Teacher and pupils alike are to be congrat-
ulated upon the results produced.
A large bundle of specimens is at hand
from the Cornwall, Canada, Commercial
College. These specimens show that writ-
ing is being taught in a thoroughly modern
and practical manner. The students are
following .Mr. Doner's course of lessons in
The Bl'siness Educator very closely.
Some of the best specimens were done
by the following: Bervl Johnstone. J. A.
Quinn. D. A. Carson. John McXaughton
M. Calista Kelly, Leslie Cross, Annie
Quinn, and Bessie J. Mcintosh. There were
many other specimens almost as good, but
space forbids further mention. It is a
pleasure to examine such work.
Mr. L. L. Branthover, of the Northwestern
Business College, Chicago, 111, niai'ed us a MOVENKNT EXERCISES BY CHRISTINA ?IOREI.I.I, SECOND YEAR PUPIL IN THE
bundle of his students' specimens of busi- PUBLIC SCHOOLS, YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO. MISS EMILY W. GETTINS, SUPR. OF WRITING,
ness writing which, for uniform practica- MISS ROWLAND. TEACHER, HASELTON BUILDING.
bility on the part of all. we have not seen
excelled. It gives us pleasure to examine
such work, and to testify to its merits. The
work is exceptionally strong, rapid and
intensely legible.

>I ) \ h >! b N 1 h \ b Kl_ I

 ^^^^u^/ned^^dfu^iifr* ^
>Ir. A. T. Sccjvill, uf tlie I'emisylvania find anywhere, which means a good deal in A little book, pocket
Business and Saortband College. Lancaster, these days of renewed interest and enthusi- size, showing how to do
Pa., mailed us a large bundle of specimens asm in the art of writing well. The work of SHORT CUTS. with half the figures and
from his institution showing excellent Liz«ie Brvant, Aubrey Allen, C. A. Lucke, in half the time all of those little calculations
Work in business writing. Among the best Octe B. Mc.Viece, M. K. Hallman, L. C. which we must figure out every day. Everything
specimens submitted we take pleasure in Crowe, and k. K. Stovall being the best from Addition to Interest and Discount. Its
mentioning the following: Edna H. specimens. Come again, gentlemen. worth is attesled by the fact that its author is
Fischer, David S. Warfel. C. K. Leniau, now and has been for years the specialist in this
S.S.Martin,!. K. Walters. Owen \V. Street Mr. J. Roach, of Reach Business
!•'.
branch at the Eastman Business College. Price,
and Fred S. Jones. All the work is good; College, Beaumont, Tex., swings a very cloth, 50c. Address,
some is excellent. Certificates are in sight grateful hand, and forceful as well, evi- GEO A. DEEL, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
for some of these pupils. dence of which comes in the form of
some artistically written cards, business
Mr. G. E. Gustafson, penman and com- capitals and other specimens. Nr. Roach
mercial teacher in the .\ew Britain, Conn ,
is a penman of far more than average
Business College, is securing results far
above theaverni:!' in the wnv of business
abilitv.
Position Can
writing, on the part of liis pupils. The
specimen" before u.« are exceptiotially tine. Shorthand, Theory
Miss E. E. Grassier, age lli, writes a hand Francis B. Courtney and Advanced Bookkeeping. Am a
ind'cating that she can easilv become one graduate of Eastman's Business Col-
of America's foremost penmen. The work lege and have experience.
of Miss Charlotte G. Hills is also unusually Expert Microscopic Examiner of Forged Address J. C. Y., care
tine. Miss A. G Sandberg
writes a strong
and Questioned Writing.
Business Edtjcator,
bu-'iness-like hand. Miss A. E. McBriarity Columbus, Ohio.
:ind Miss M. A. Sengleeach write unusually Cue r. J. Toland. LA CROSSE. WIS..
well. Man>- more specimens deserve indi-
vi<lual mention, but space seems to forbid.
BLrsi.VKSs Elite \ roR certiHcates will soon
liiid their way to New Britain. CARDS! CARDS! CARDS! I)0W ish
ING; to become
Penni.ors Suu .cnir
H-V. Card \\ riters Sample
Book 2V-. Mr. Penman you need those hooks. JIbout a fine Artistic Writer; to know
Mr. E. II. McGowen, penman and coni- II.\.ND LUT f.^RUS! .\re the hest all about Card Writing to
mercial teacher in the Western School of Vour learn E.ngrossing; or to take a
;

.5000 3 I'lv, VV. B. $.3.:W 50J0 6 Ply, W. B. $4.2.t

Commerce. Stockton, Calif., sent movement .5000 Ti, lied Cards $3.75 .50J0';ohired Cards $3.75 PCnniSnShip ? practical course in Lettering'
e.xercises for our inspection and we are Co:nie Cards. Money makers, print, 3 Ply, W. B. The for
please<l to say that the work of his students
measure-i well up to the head of the list as
100 Hutt In Cards 30c. 100 Bntt-Out-Skeys 30c. Ho to Becon
luo Raff-time cards 3Jc. 100 Hen Peck cards 30c. man." It's free and tells all about how yc can
recorded in this office. The work of C. C. 100 Little Jokers 3Dc. 100 Bird &
Scroll cards 3.5C;
Locke aufl A. G. Harlan are especially tine. 100 May I See Vou Home cards 30c. 100 Lodge
learnbymail. F. W. TAMBLYN,
Messrs. Terrell and Cupper, who ha\e
tatds 3nc. Sample 100 assorted 30c. sent Prepaid 111* GRAND AVE KANSAS CnY, MO.
All orders promptly filled. Send for Samples.
charge of the penmanship in Stanlev's
Business College, Macon, Ga., recently i
tsSNYDER^T.
favore<l us with a bundle of specimens from
their students, disclosing the fact that the
work being done there is as good as you
ATTRACTIVENESS SHOULD BE
ONE OF THE MAIN FACTORS
IN THE GET-UP OF A CATA-
LOGUE. MANY SCHOOL PRO-
PRIETORS SEEM NOT TO RE-
ALIZE THAT MUCH ADVER-
TISING LITERATURE IS HAS-
TILY SCANNED, AND THAT
THE EFFECT UPON THE
READER IS DUE GREATLY TO
THE ARTISTIC EFFECT PRE-
SENTED BY EACH PAGE.
THERE ARE ALSO SCHOOL
MEN WHO AIM AT ATTRACt-
IVENESS, BUT DEFEAT THEIR
PURPOSE BY SEEKING THE
HELP THEY NEED AMONG
AMATEUR ARTISTS AND
WOULD-BE PENMEN, THUS
GETTING CUTS THAT ARE NOT
WORTH THE PRICE OF EN-
GRAVING—AND THERE ARE
A FEW, WITH LARGE, PROS-
PEROUS SCHOOLS, WHO GO
TO THE RIGHT SOURCE AND
HAVE THE BEST ARTISTIC
TALENT AID IN PUTTING AN
EXCLUSIVE AND PLEASING
APPEARANCE TO THEIR AD-
VERTISING. THIS PAYS. IT
COSTS MONEY TO DO OTHER-
WISE. IF YOU THINK AS I
DO, WHY NOT LET ME KNOW
YOUR WANTS IN ORDER THAT
I CAN TELL YOU HOW LITTLE
IT COSTS FOR GOOD COVERS,
n / HEADINGS, PENMANSHIP, IL-
LUSTRATIONS, PORTRAITS,
yLey^yt.<yt!LAy _...,^-<cyt-yC'-<L<.yi...-Ly^-e-yt.y Z^^-' -v-eyOyty)^ -t-o'-i^yLy
LETTER-HEADS, BILL-HEADS,
SIGNATURES, GROUPS, ETC.?
I AM ALWAYS AT YOUR SER-
Lyf{.£y J^^Z'y^,-o£--Zt--'2-^ ^ZH.'tyft'l.y^-CAy /^^t^ VICE WITH MY BEST EFFORTS,
AND BELIEVE I COULD
PLEASE YOU.

G. S. Henderson,
io6 W. 64th St., N. Y.

I ^^/S^z*.*'^^^^^^.^^^'^:/ iZ'-^z^ ^cc..^-£€,.dyA.e.''r^ ^<K/-c.^^ C^^t-ctyrzy/d- ^u.'Cf-u^ C^^l^ /2<:^*i<x>^-^<:i<:^<£^zid*^<t<z^!i'-7' I

 f^^f3^u4/n^d^<S^/iu:a^^ ^
aihv Vou Fail to 6ct Hesults in eitdlisb. sent to your students, so that when they
get to be the heads of the great houses they flllow it to pr v,nt yo„
BY SHERWIN CODY. will not have to study elementary English from laking ni t-^acbers
by correspondence. course in practical writing, if you tlii )k such fl

English is complicated and delicate

a course could do you good, modest then ii
This new school system consists of the Such
subject. If you are to teach it successfully foolish. hisjh-cla
following: Courtney^, Francis B. and heodore <;itck. and
'1

and make your students worth more money "Word-Study," accompanied by exercise Bartow weren't asbani*^d. Thty've sf t the tm< c.
when they get into offices and the business notebook, a system of teaching spelling can you fdlow any one of Iheni? I've got th»»
of life, you must adopt a working system same kind of medicine for you if yon wantii.
that really teaches it. Write quick, and do it before yon lav tlii** paper
replete with practical devices for getting L Madarasz. ]28 3(1 A ve., New Y« rk.
results QUICKLY and agreeably.
"Grammar and Punctuation," accom- Bside.

I have nearly ready the most complete

panied by extended special exercises in /^ pT C" fU I am a«ked bv school propi it-tors
V^ r I C- 1^ »nd agencitsthisqu.stion 'Do
notebook form. :

and successful system for teaching busi- iimer-

"Good English Form Book in Business i^rget
ness English in all its branches that has
Letter Writing," with quizz and 3i facsimile II grow?
ever been ottered to American schools. It We can use ore or two." Ji st h^lore wiiting this
letters to be answered, complete with nota-
is the message of the most successful busi- adv. (March 6) Mn agency n anayer told me he
tions and letter-heads on wMch to answer. had several v-'cances for just such men ^^alarv —
ness men in this country to the trainers of
These six books, three cloth bound for $1200 to $I60u per tar. It is w orth some fvw dof-
^

the successful men and woTuen of the .la'sio let Madarasz kno* you. and ihe
permanent use, only $1 for all. Tlie letter nd lake the
future- It is the thing the advertising 'her
writing book and exercises (indispensable course in the Madardsz Mi tliod of Praciical
head of the largest retail business in this
to everj' shorthand student), 50c. Specimen Writing. Think it over and write.
country had in mind when he wrote to me L MADARASZ, Um 3d Ave.. New York.
sheets and bound books now ready. 623
the other day, " Lives and careers are being
molded by your writings. Nearly every-
Opera House Bldg., Chicago. I
' *
tr YQM
' ^^ ^"^ people who have
lett.r from the
could read the letters
taken instruc-
ve take
body in my office now owns a set of your ^^^^^IZ^^^^ lion fr jm me in penmanship.
you would be
books. I know a number of business men
1

rive at the conclusion that some persons are very

who carry them in their pockets almost all fond of juggling with the truth. With no excep-
the time, so as to utilize the spare time on every pe who h; been under my
the trains." Mr. Louis Guentner, proprietor
Business Before Pleasure, iction says—" I received more than my
loney's worth." My forme pup'ls are the
of the Mail Order Journal, says. "A person That's why one ->( nnr chers of practical writing of to day. If you
is our motto.
must be a dunce in the fullest meaning of want to ri**e in the profession, take my teachers'
members wrote the fnllowing: " "^'fiu course- the time is Julv the —
place is Hohoken,
the word who fails to secure many times N J., in the Eagan School— the tuition will be
certainly accomplish quick results.
the value of the $10 you ask for your corre- |I': ii'vou are satisfied. Write.
spondence course." Mr. B. H. Jefferson, It was not more than one week from L. M \1>ARASZ. 1281 3d Ave., New York.

Adv. Mgr. for Lyon & Healey twho recently the time you received my letter until
sent me a check for $100 to apply on training I had a good position." BLANK CARDS AND PAPER.
courses for all their correspondents), says, you mention this Send for Samples and Price List.
Free enrollment if
Good grade of Siudent's Practice Paper, either
"Your training course in business letter paper. wide or ordinary riiline. $1.25 per 1000 sheets.
writing is just my idea of what it should ON'K DOZEN" C.\RI)-< elegantly written
be. It ought to double the efficiency of the in mv best style. 2Sc. Tomblyn's Glossy Black
average correspondent." Continental Teachers* Agency, Ink Powder, for o-e pt. of tine ink, 35l-. Powder
forbottle of fine While Ink 25c.
What has been so successful with busi-
ness men I now offer to 3-011 in form to pre- Bowling Green, Ky. 1114 Grand Ave. KANSAS CITY. MO.

SPECIMEN OF PEN DRAWING AND ENGRO.SSING BY

NEXT YEAR
F. \V. M.\RTIN'.

Is Coming, and It is Time to Prepare for It.

Has your Shorthand Department been

a success this year, or has it been

the success it might have been?

If not, what has been the matter ?
Your text-book may have been the wrong one.
Let us send you a copy of the right one.
THE PHONOGRAPHIC AMANUENSIS
will save Two Months to every shorthand
student in your school.

Your Teacher may have been the wrong one.

Let us help you to find the right one. Write
to us about it.

^iJlDllj^S^ THE
Phonographic Institute Company,
.«RH .«iAv.»n>i i\ Dir>»i>i). CINCINNATI.
BENN PITMAN, JEROME B. HOWARD,
PRESIDENT. MANAGER.

I
£^^^'Z*^''r^£^a-£^7^ iZ-^>Z^ ^^<i^^-^^i^2-£yrz/ ^CCM..^^ ^>^l,<Zy'rZ^ y^y^tn^ /tTT^ ^^7'2-£y'7-Z^'C^'''2^t^^ C^^, 7^f^l*-^>Z,£^i^6^-C^^Ot.'C<t^C<r^ \
 Instructions for Ccsson One.
I trust that you have obtained your material with a resolve to make a success of Engraver's Script.
The first exercise is the straight line. Rule head and base lines about 3-lfi of an inch apart. In making this exercise, and in fact all
others, strive for uniformity of shade, slant and spacing. The first half of this exercise is just as it came from the pen; while the last
halt is retouched by making the ends square, which gives it a finished appearance.
Exercise No. 2 is the lower turn. Start same as exercise No. 1 and when you get near the base line, by gradually reducing the
pressure and drawing the point of your pen to the right, you will get the correct shade.
The dot is made a space above the letter, and be sure to make it round.
The letter ii is the same as the double i with the dots omitted, and is one space in width.
The letter it- is the same as u. except that it is finished with a dot or loop. The loop is made about a third of a space in length and
should have a delicate shade on the left. The letter is two spaces in width.
Exercise No. 3 is the upper turn or Exercise No. 2 inverted. Make introductory stroke to head line, making a rather full turn to the
;

right and gradually putting more pressure upon your pen, until you get the required thickness, keeping same until you get to the base
line. Next we come to the last part of letter n, which is a combination of the two turns. I have found through experience, that if it is
made with a snap-like, not spasmodic action, you will make the clear cut angles you see in engraved work. I have marked the angles
in copy. By combining the last two principles, we have the letter n, which is a space in width. An n inverted should make a good u
and vice versa. An tii is made by making the first part of n twice and then adding on last part of n, making it two spaces in width. The
letter r is the first part of n and the short loop of the w. The letter .v isihe last part of n, and is finished with a straight or curved line,
beginning on the base line and extending upward, crossing midway between the base and head line.
CAUTION — Do not begin shading while turning, but when vou have a full turn and are ready to go down. Remember to lift your
pen at the base line, not on head line it will give you confidence and better control. Practice all exercises thoroughly be as painstaking
; :

on your last letter as you were on the first always keeping in mind, slant, spacing and strength of shade. Write at least a full line
;

before you do any retouching.

n WANTED-TEACHERS
The
General and Benereus Opinion.
lessons Mr. C. E. Doner is giving in
Thk Business Educator are the best I
H. e:. wygal Who can make an investment
Proposition a good one.
to write us.
Business pays 10 per
ever seen in any paper. H. S. SAWYER, ENGROSSER and DESIGNER cent dividends, also
Saco, Me. Resolutions Engrossed, Designs for
Diplomas, Letter Heads, Business
SALARY FROM $100 TO $150
Cards, etc. High Grade "Script. Per month, according to ability and experience.
CHINESE STICK INK TERflS REASONABLE.
CLEVELAND, 0.
Address
H. X. Z., care Business Educator,
Address, 7 Lake View Ave.,
1
Columbus, Ohio
For Penmen, Engrossers and Students who
want to show their work to the best advantage.
An ink ti at is black it dries quickly, and unlike
;

other inks, it will stand a great deal of erasing, LEARN PENMANSHIP AT HOME. It pays well. It's interesting. It brings
you into prominence and opens the doors
(and not lose its blackness) which in itself is a of business firms to you. Practice evenings and spare time. Our courses are the best. We give
convincing testimonial. twice ai many lessons as others and twice as many copies. Students' work criticised. Valuable
Cost of Ink, $2.00 per Stick instruction on every point. Beautiful copies, fresh from the pen. Improve after you leave school.
Stone for grinding ink, which has a glass cover Students soon become skillful under our instruction. Business Writing, $3.50, Ornamental. |7.00.
to protect ink from dust, for 50 cents. Pens. Paper and Penholders furnished free. Pen Lettering, J3.00. One dozen cards 20 cents. Our
Complete Outfit $2.50, by express, not prepaid. interesting catalogue free. Small specimen for stamp. Write at once.
Address R. A,, CSPEIK, ELLSWORTH "a WHITMORE,
Philadelphia, P«.
723 Throop St . CHICAGO, ILL. Strayer's Business College.

//////////////////////////

I ^i^n^^.^'TCt.d.dy^^ tt''7t^ ^^^€c.^-^c^i''^i.Z'''rtf ^-ci.^^^^ <!^.<*^«--^ <:7%^./^<^<:^<^>^.^^^tS^^d^,g<»^iry:

•J*.*'**' ^ J
 f^^^u4/n^U^(^(/iu^iiir* ^
N. Y., entitled "Kibbe's Quarterly." Mr. Prepare for euccess at tho bar, in
Kibbe was what you might term a practical busiuess or public life, by mail, in
engrosser. His work was noted for its free- the ORIGINAL SCHOOL,
dom and strength. He was a man of more
than usual reserve. No man, perhaps, in
srUDv Founded
gr;iduttles
in 1890.
everywnere.
1 liiw colleges.
Successful
Approved
Regular
our profession had such a wide professional c^n«, ' Cour*
reputation and acquaintance, and yet was Liberal Torms.
known personally by so few in our profes- Special Offer Now.
sion. We have always heard him spoken of Catalogue Froo.
Ulbat is it? in the highest terms as concerns integrity, w praguo Correspondence
morality and religion. We learn that his School of Law,
The above signature was sent to THE BUS- son is carrying on the business in Boston. i:;3Majcst.i Bld^., Delrolt.Mlch.
INESS Educator by L. J.Egelston, princi-
Sal of the Rutland, Vt,, Business College.
[e says he will give a year's subscription
to The Business Ei»u'cator to the first As a School Pri al Sees AJ^*
person guessing the name. It is the signa-
ture of a prominent business man. Send I wish every concernv,-ith which I do bu riess could be as well organized
your guess to Mr. Egelston. as the Kinsley Commercial Teachers' Bureau.
In these days of rush it is surprising that we have so much real difficulty
to do business with merchants anxious to sell their goods; but the celerity
Obituary. with which you got your organization at work when a vacancy occurred in
my Commercial Department, and the certainty with which you chose Mr.
It is with regret that we learn indirectly Wm. A. Ross, of Wichita, Kans., to fill that vacancy, are gratifying. You
before going to press of the death of Mr. H. are to be commended for the business snap that seems to underlie your
W. Kibbe, the engrosser. Sometime ago we Bureau. With best wishes for your success, I am Yours truly,
learned that he was seriously ill. Mr. Kibbe CHAS. M. MILLER. Miller School, New York.
did much to encourage the art of engross- As soon as Mr. Ross registered we called up Mr. Miller on the telephone.
ing. About twenty years ago he published Mr. Miller telegraphed Mr. Ross at once, and after exchange of several
one of the brainiest little papers ever issued other telegrams Mr. Ross was engaged as Principal of the commercial de-
in the interest of penmanship, from Utica, partment.
We use the telephone and telegraph freely, and we don't neglect letter
writing, either. During the past year we have written 5.000 letters. We try
to serve both teachers and schools in the quickest and most satisfac-
Teacher Wanted: tory manner.
FREE REGISTRATION and 4 per cent commission, payable, one-half
in :iO days and one-half in 60 days, are our terms. We do not get a cent's
I have a request for a superior teacher commission until we place the right teacher in the right school, hence it's
to our interest (as well as the teacher's and the school's) to register only com-
of Penmanship, Bookkeeping and petent teachers and reliable schools. Don't delay— send for blanks today.
Arithmetic, for a permanent and de- TO SCHOOLS. We believe we have the largest number of teachers cov-
sirable position in a first-class commer- ering the widest range of qualifications, ages, salaries, etc.. ever enrolled by
a commercial teachers' bureau. We can place all of these, and more, tod,
cial school. Candidate should state so send us your wants at once.
age, experience, references and salary SCHOOL EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT. We have listed with us for sale
desired. All communications will be 51 schools in 22 states and Canada. Also the names and addresses of 36 per-
sons desirous of investing in school property. Send for terms and methods.
considered confidential. This position Make our office headquarters when in New York. W^-'re right opposite
is worthy the attention of an A No. 1 City Hall Park subway station. We have the largest and best located offices
Address in own hand '
riti occupied by any commercial teachers' bureau.

TDe KINSLEY GOJninERGIBLTEHGIiEBS' BOQEP I SCHOOL EXGUBNGE

HIBOHY TEHGHEHS' rcency J. Kinsley, Manager 245 Broadway. N. Y.
ALBANY, N. Y.
.

AN ALBUM PAGE FROM THE PEN AND BRU.SH OF MR. C. W. KUHN,

BKOOKLYN, N. Y.
TEXTS
THAT MAKE EXPERTS
No system
PATERSON one in Ihe
of .Shorthand equals this
combination of simplic-
and high efficiency. The ease
PHONOGRAPHY ity
with which it can be mastered, its
capability of high speed, and its
legibility alike in slow and rapid writing, make it the system
best suited to all grades of students— those who need shorthand
for a few years, or those who seek the highest positions of the
profession. The characters have the movement of longhand
writing, are neat, graceful, and easily formed. Price of text, J2. 00.
For Stenographers, Reporters and
STYLE Cor-
respondents. This book is to the stenographer
MANUAL what the " Style Sheet" is to the compositor.
It instructs and demonstrates, and is the thing
needed to transform the ordinary stenographer
into a first-class operator. It inspires the student to a higher con-
ception ot his prospective employment. It means a better salary
\iti\itmtlivnntt ItltlYll to the graduate, and an enhanced reputation to the college. The
schools using it as a regular text report as a direct result much
improved work and greater diligence on the part of students,
with a lightening of the teacher's task. The complete hook is a
reproduction of actual typewriting— not imitation. The com-
-> plete index will be mailed to anyone on request, free. Price of
text, $1.25.
•
TVPFWR
A *1 A^TTIVIITINH
llllU BV THE PIANO METHOD, Teaches
the Art of Operation by
Skillful
Sense of Location It can be used
with either single or double keyboard typewriters, and avoids
the necessity of special editions for each style of machine. Two
keyboard charts are furnished with each book, showing the proper
method of fingering in a simple and direct manner. The lessons
are carefully graded and contain a number of original features
th.at aid materially in the rapid development of skill. Cloth
bound, opens at end, printed on one side. Price of text, 60c.
Special Offer to Teachers : Three Books, Postpaid, $3.00

H. GRAHAM PATERSON,
AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER
423 RIalto Building, Chicago, III.

I C^:^^i^-£''ric^iu./T^ a^m^ /icc^-^c^y^tz^'r^if ^c<,*<.^^ i^i'z-ex^i^z.^^ z^^^&^.C' C^A^ /d^iA^yyz^^d^Sc^'t4^i>cl^^-^-

 f^^^Ui^/neU^^^/iu^i/fr^ ^
FRESH FROM THE PEN Moln'o in POSITIONS FOR TEACHERS in any part of the Dnited States.
riAinc lO r'fiKf/t^nlo
Vdlliurnia. the only agency in Chicago or Middle West which makes a
My Compendium of Penmanship con- specialty of placing commeroial teachers and solicitors. Early registration means a good position.
taining 30 slips 8>jjx3'*. inches, with il-
lustratecl directions for practice. A
POPLE
AMERICAN XEACHCRS' 1836
BVRE:A.V,
Chicago.
set of Old Englisti, fresh from the G. E. Manager Fisher Building,
pen, n-ith e re rv order. This form of
01<1 English has never appeared in any
Penmanship paper to my knowledge. What Mr. Yost Thinks:
AIJ for $1.00. PocATEi.Lo, Idaho.
J. M IJACHTENKIRCHER, Prof. E. C. Mills, Rochester, N. Y.
Supr. Writing. Lalayelte, Ind. Dear Friend :— Herewith enclosed please find lesson 9. I
am becoming more and more interested in penmanship every
day since I have been taking lessons by mail from you. It
SPFf lAI 1ST
Ol-LfVmiylO Bookkeeping. La
meiic. is open
metic, ODen for
fo
Arith-
engage- seems your copies are so perfect and explanations so concise
that a person is bound to improve.
ment. Twelve years' ex-
1 want to continue with you and after finishing the business
perience in comniercial and literary colleges.
course take the ornatnental course.
(Can teach Shorthand.) Address,
Had I not promised to continue my work in penmanship
"CENTRAL STATES," care Business Educator. with you, 1 would probably not have been elected as teacher
of Penmanship and Bookkeeping in the Academy of Idaho.
Wishing you the best of success, I am.
Very truly yours. C. E. YOST,
Teacher of Penmanship and Bookkeeping in the Academy
of Idaho.
Send stamp at once for full information concerning Mills's
Correspondence :)Chool ot Penmanshio. By taking this easy step
today may be the means of placing many dollars in your
pocket in the future. Commercial teachers especially, should
take advantage of my courses during the summer months.
Address, E C. MILLS, 195 Grand Ave., Rochester, N. Y.

mONATURES BY REY. PIUS MEINZ, PRINCIPAX COM'L

DEPT,, ST. JOHN'S UNIV., Cl>I,I.EGEVII,I,K, MINN.

I C^^'i^-^'ric^.z^^^ a^fz^ ^<^,.^-£c^'A-i'-'r^ ^ci^i^^ C^i.^t^'n^ yy^t^i^

^
0%A /2«<i4^»J.«<i.!'£«^«^^&^^2|
 f^^^ud/n^dyi^/lffoiifr^ ^
\ The Pratt Teachers' Agency, [
T. H. BACHTENKIRCHER,

S
\ 70 Fifth Aveaue, New York, \
Lafayette, Ind.
R*comm«ndB colleee aod oormal ^ada-
and other teachers to
atet, tpecialists,
leges., sohoola, and fkmilies.
col-
(wiixiiii^ Want a position ?
The Agency receires manycalla for nn Vnn want a teacher?
marclal teachers from public and prirate
Mil nil Want a partner?

^^^m. UU lUU I
schools, and business collee:eB.
sch<
1
Want to buy a school?
WM. PRATT, Manager
O.
id Want
If so, let us
to Sill a school?
hear from you.
ULICK'S TEACMEBS' AGENCY,
E. L. Click, Mgr. Concord, N. M.

e'-
Faust's Automatic Shadinq Pens Are the Best

IHanufucturc
These Peas,
Also
rAUSI'S
SHADING-
DESIGNED AND FILLED. PEN INKS
mad FAUST'S
RESOLUTIONS, MEMORIALS, TESTI-
PATENT
MONIALS, ETC., ENGROSSED. MYOGRAPH.
LETTERHEADS DESIGNED AND
FURNISHED.
Weare wholesale and retail dealers in all kinds of Penmanship Specialties. Writing Pens,
Cards, Card Board, Fine Inks, Oblique Holders, etc. fiTerythin^ needed by students or pro-
SAMUEL D. HOLT, fessional penmen.
We have just issued a fine, large, illustrated catalogue. Send for it.

penman and designer, AUTO PEN 4, INK MFG. CO., 40 DEARBORN ST CHICAGO. ,

1208 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia.

UNION TEACHERS' BUREAU

203 BRODAWAY, NEW YORK .

THIS BUREAU was established in 1877 as an adjunct of The Penmaii's Art Journal. My connection
with dates from 1885, when
it I gave up charge of the old Gaskell Gazette to become managing di-
rector of The Penman's Art Journal. The duties of this position brought me into intimate contact
with the commercial school field throughout English-speaking America. It was my special business for
years to keep posted-to-the-day with reference to ALL these schools, public and private, to their KNOW
conductors and teachers, approximate attendance, financial standing, and most important of all the —
QUALITY OF THEIR WORK.
No Man Alive has been in closer touch with this field during the past two decades. I have seen it
expand from a hundred or so schools, with a maximum attendance of 15,000, to more than 2,900 schools,
with an annual enrollment well on toward half a million.
In 1900 a point was reached where it seemed advisable to incorporate the Bureau into a separate
business enterprise. I believe we have placed more commercial teachers than all other teachers' agencies
combined. Recently a simple inquiry as to satisfaction with our service was inserted in the regular cor-
respondence with school proprietors' for two consecutive days. The total number of such inquiries was
28. One acknowledgment (from an assistant) stated that the person addressed was away on vacation.
One response (flattering in character) is not used because the writer had " declined a similar request" —
{we have no desire to embarrass our friends). One had not sufficient personal knowledge to warrant a
statement. In just ONE other case no reply was received.
If You Are interested to know what the remaining 24 think of the service rendered by the LTNION
TEACHERS' BUREAU (supplemented by 37 responses from 39 subsequent inquiries) send for our
new circular with portraits by more than fifty business educators of national reputation who know the
Bureau by its work. Please mention Business Educator and say if you are a school proprietor, teacher,
or student. Never mind the postage.
These Are but a few of the thousands we have served. Ask Mr. Zaner. Ask Mr. Bloser. Ask any
reputable commercial school proprietor or teacher anywhere as to the standing of this Bureau. TAKE
HIS ADVICE !

203 Broadway, New York, March, 1905. FRANK E. VAUGHN, Manager.

C^:i^'.l,T£od.eyr^ a.->t</ ^u-^-^c^-A-^yr^ ^iv-c^ X^Kt^rv^ .^7^,<^t^ C%*.^«;«*<.i»z,4A/i£a;«.c<z^W:

 <!^^r^ud/n^^^te/iu)ai^ ^
, , ,, ,1.

_ YstzvM^A//^-Av:mx:.

in spaces 3g inch high. Slant lines should

be used in your practice until a fair degree
'--
.^ '

; ,: , ", .
^
f of uniformity is acquired. Be sure that
1^ you have suitable materials, a Soennecken
1
Lessons in Frencn Round Hand Pen Xo. 2*2- India ink, and good quality
I
? (RONDH) paper is all tliat is required, Thex>en-holder
By H. A. RoiNDS of the Engrossing should be held at about 70 degrees slant, not
too much ink on the pen, and see that the
•

Firm of Rounds-Trinnan Company, entire point of the pen rests full width upon
SchiUtT Bids., ihieago, 111.
the practice paper, and that the pressure of
J-
,..'.'.-. ^ ... ' , A the pen is just enough to secure a full, ei'en
stroke. The position of the pen is never
a red stamp. AGENTS WANTED.
colors, I5c. postpaid.
100 blank cards. 16
HhW blank cards by express. 75c.
5nooniu^ cards. I5c. I bottle glossy black ink for ir,r. 1
In preparing these lessons no attetnpt has changed. Hold the pen so that the con- bottk'of white ink for 15f. 1 obllinie penholder, lOc.
nective strokes and the heavy strokes can 'W. A.. BODE,
been made to cover a complete course in be made without changing the holder in
"Ronde" but we have endeavored to cover the hand. 48 27th 5t. S. S. Pittsburg, Penna
the entire ground in a brief yet comprehen- The fine or connective strokes and the
sive manner so that any one, whether heavy strokes are all made with the Soen-
versed in other styles of penmanship or necken pen held in such a position that
not, may acquire a greater or le?s degree of
proficiency, depending upon perseverance
and intelligent practice. There is no royal
when moved on a slant it produces the fine
line and when moved perpendicularly it
produces the heavy line. The connective
GROSSING
and Illuminating- of Testimonials, Memor-
road to skill, all who attain it must acquire strokes are all made from the bottom up ials. Coats-cif-Aims. Certificates, in gold,
it by hard work, which however may be and the heavy ones from the top down for ; silver and colors. All styles; framing or
greatly lessened your practice is thought-
if instance in the word nine we start at the alLum; simple or elaborate. H We also
ful, for no amount of thoughtless practice bottom and go up, then down, then up and desigfn and engravefor catalogs and adver-
will bring the desired results. so on until we go to finish the letter JC in tisements. We are Penmanship Headquar-
Each copy in this course of lessons was which we lift the pen at the top and finish ters. Anything tl^at's done with pen and

written with a number 2*^ Soennecken Pen the loop, moving always from left to right. 'phone. 'Ihoiiefc353o Cort. a4S Bway, N.Y.

Gillotfs Pens
The Most Perfect of Pens

PRINCIPALITY PEN, No. 1

VICTORIA PEN, No. 303

DOUBLE ELASTIC PEN, No. 604 E. F.

Qillott's Pens have for «eventy-five years stood

the most exacting tests at the hands of Professional
and Business Penmen. Extensively imitated, but nev-
er equalled. Qillott's Pens still stand in the front
rank, as regards Temper, Elasticity and Durability.

SOLD BY ALL DEALERS

JosepH Gillott (Si Sons
Alfred Field m. Co.
Sole A.gents SKETCHES FROM LIFE BY RAY WALTERS, ?IONROE. WIS.,
WHO HAS BEEN WORKING FROM MR. SCRIBNER'S LESSONS
93 Chambers St. NEW YORK

^^^V'-£^'T£cau.''7^ a''-7z^ ^tt.^<^:<i^-^-<7^^*«>*.^5^ ^'^1.^1,''?%^ y^.4n^ <:>%& /3*i4i<-i»'2-4<4</ (£^Ct*6.<<!2.^r7T

I ^
 ^M^^ud^ied^/(^(/iu^ai7- ^
THE BEST IS AS CHEAP AS THE REST

Clarke's
Graham-
We 6laim
that in CLARKE'S GRAHAM PITMANIC SHORTHAND
-

we have presented a time-tested system in a form that

Pitmanic makes it the peer of any
reliable

of the so-called "modern systems" in

and their superior incomparably in every other respect.

Shorthand briefness

No
This Too
attempt to improve the original basis of Pitmanic Phonography
—
The has ever been successful — now, progressive teachers are beginning to

realize this fact fully and are looking about for the best presentation
Commercial of the system. To those who are open to conviction, we are willing

Textbook to mail a copy of CLARKE'S GRAHAM- PITAMANIC

SHORTHAND on receipt of 75 cents, which will be refunded if

Company book is returned. It costs little to investigate ; it pays well.

Des Moines
Iowa TO KEEP ABREAST OF THE TIMES. KEEP QOINQ

criticism through THE BUSINESS EDUCA- R.I. -Your ? is first

TOR. Follow his instruction carefully, and throughout. iproving
there is no question but that you will be- icely.
come a very fine penman, and be able to
secure The Business Educator cer- Paul King, Can.— Your work is quite good.
tificate. I think it might do your writing some good
to practice some wide spacing between
C. K,. N. Y.— You still need more work
J. letters, as your hand seems to be a trifle
upon exercises, although I see a decided compact. Keep up the good work, you can
improvement. I would suggest that you easily become one of our best professional
begin work faithfully upon Mr. Russell's penmen.
lessons, sending him work each montli for
criticism through THE BUSINESS EDUCA- B. L. E., Toronto.— You are starting out
Which greater, a space in wiutii or a
is
TOR. You need to study form more closely nicely. Curve the final stroke of the small
space in height, as concerns small letters? and then strike out boldly with the arm
-L. D. H. letters less, especially at the ending of
movement to achieve a good hand. words. Curve down stroke of small o more.
It depends wholly upon the style of writ- Curve last down stroke in a less. Come
ing as to whether the space in height is M. P. S , Okla.— Your practice shows up again.
wider than in width or vice versa. In a well. Watch the little letters closely and
compact hand the space in height is greater make your ovals a little more compact. C. M. C, Me.— Your figures are fine. Your
than in width, while in a running band the Pen holder should be held about the same exercises are also good. In your sentence
space in width is greater than in height. in business as in ornamental writing. Mr.
writing, watch turns and angles a little
In a normal hand the space in height is Russell gives attention to position in this more closely, and in order to do this it may
about the same as a space in width. number, to whom you should send your be necessary for you to check the speed a
practice each month. trifle. You are doing splendidly.
F. E.P.. N.Y.—You write a skillful card
and you flourish quite well. Your orna- Mass —Your work is among the
C. S. W.,
very best received this month. Exercise a C. S. C, Ohio.— Glad to know you appre-
mental writing is quite artistic. By giving ciate our efforts in the way of good writing.
it a few months' careful attention you little more deliberation in your sentence
could soon be in with the best of them. To writing, watching a little more closely the Watch turns and angles closely in small
details of turns and angles. Your move- letter writing. Make top of E a trifle larger
do work on parchment, remove the oil from and see that the central loop points down-
it with sponge rubber or some other ment exercises are very fine and your ward rather than upward. Your figures are
medium. Once j'ou get the oil fairly well figures are very neat, systematic and
off.it requires but a little more skill and practical. quite neat and systematic. Don't hurry
care than paper. the small letters.
N. W. R., N. Y.— Your work is very accu-
R. P. K., Ohio.— For one of your years, rate and showing that you have
delicate, I. J. S., la. — Your Close
figures are fine.
you do splendidly. Make the small o more studied form very critically'. I would sug- oval part of small b. Curve first down
rounding. Do not write quite so large. gest that you write with more arm move- stroke of TI' less, as you have a tendency to
Follow Mr. Russell's lessons, sending him ment and freedom, even though the forms loop or hook it on the base line. Emphasize
your work each month for criticism. are not quite as accurate at first as you are shoulder of small r. You are doing nicely.
now writing. By thus practicing you can
C. E- K.— Yourwork is first class. Keep it become a very fine penman.
up a few months yet and you will be able to
land a certificate. You curve the up strokes F. J. G., Miss.— Your work evidences con-
siderable skill. We would suggest that you
in the small letters too much.

J. F. Z.,
Watch the
Pa— Study
form more closely.
details of turns and angles.
study form a little more carefully, and prac-
tice a little more deliberately in the mini-
nuim letters. You are inclined to make the
IGNBNG
Illustrating and Engraving for posten,
Your small letters are written a trifle too lower turns more rounding than the upper catalogs, booklets, ads, and allcommer'.
rapidly. Watch last turn of the letter n. turns. They should all be the same. cial art purposes. We write copy, do art
printing, lithographing and engraving by
You are doing nicely. all processes. Everything that'^ done
D. Conn.— Curve last down stroke of
J. M., with pen. brush, graver and type. We
A. G. S., Calif. -Your first work upon Mr. small a less. Curve first stroke of less. also engross and illuminate. Siunioopp.
Russell's lessons is exceptionally good. Otherwise your work is excellent. Come City Hall Subway station. Call, write,
Telepho 3530 Cort. 245 B'way, New York.
Send your work regularly to Mr. Russell for again.

I (^'c^^-V~£^t€<^L£'-7^ £l''?7^ ^CcS-^cd.Au-'Td .-Ci^-L.^ ^^/I'Cl'''?^^ .^2^.4?%<^

^
C^^^l^7ByU4i4^'9'LzJ^^^^€CcC'<^ct^^ry^^
 f^^3Su4/n^U/^dfiai^^ ^
TEACHER WANTED—
By a school in Oregon. Must be
able to handle the usual commer-
cial branches, including penman-
ship, but not shorthand or type-
writing.
Address, 'Oregon School," care
Business Educator, Columbus, O.

SPENCERIAN
Eesson number Cwo. very pleasing. Figure 15 shows the out- PERFECT
line. To make a pleasant expression, keep
For this lesson us study the features:
let the corners of the mouth on a level with
eyes, ears, nose and mouth. Starting with center line. To make one more pleasing,
figures 1-2, we liave a profile view of the or smiling, turn the corners up a little.
nose and top part of the lip. Figure 3
sho«.vs a three-quarter view.
teclinic used in this shading.
Note the
If you
For old age, sorrow, dissipation, etc., slant
the corners down in a drooping position.
Curve the middle line where the lips
Steel Pens
USED BY EXPERT AND CAREFUL
studied carefully our first lesson, you will meet. Draw this lesson many times, then
reineuiljer figures 9-10 were examples of make other studies from pictures, or life, PENMEN FOR NEARLY FIFTY YEARS
this kind of pen technic. using the technic as given here. Don't Sample card, 12 pens different patterns,
In figure 7, notice the different expres- neglect your practice of the first lesson, will be sent for trial on receipt of G cents in
sion in the lines. Those at the left of the the plate of lines. Review each lesson postage stamps. Ask for card ff.
nose are light; those at the Imttom and to often. Your progress depends upon your-
the left are dark. This is done by making self. If you are conscientious and desire
to learn, you will soon see the value of
SPENCERIAN PEN CO.
one set of lines, tlien crossing them with
other lines, called cross hatching. They mastering tliese first few principles and •49 BROADWAY, NEW YORK
are cross hatched or made darker in such simple lessons.
places to bring out more prominently the
lighter parts of drawing In other words,
there would be a shadow under the nose; WANTED— Teachers of Commercial Branches. /id.ance fee ^or Required.

therefore, to represent shade and shadow, Positions in Hi^ch Schools and Colleges. Penmanship. Commercial Branches, also teachers
it is customary to cross hatch, although of Stenography. Salaries, $600 to $1,.500. Register early. Send for circulars.
in some places it is best to represent the Anna M. Thurston, Mgr., 378 Wabash Ave., Chicago. Thurston Teachers' Agency.
shadow by closing your lines, keeping
them very near to each other, in fact al-
most touching one another.
It depends upon the subject, and the
way you have first started to treat it.
Wart-ensbut-^'Micllancl Teachers^ A.^encies
Study the eye. It is hard to draw an eye Ofi'ices: Townsend, Montana, Winnebago City, Minn., Warrensburg, Missouri,
that has character. Notice how the high Ruom 92 When Building.
Indianapolis, Indiana,
light perfectly white in the pupil.
is left,
Work on the ears as much as possible, SPECIALISTS FCRAISHED FOR ALL DEPART?IENTS FSEE.
drawing them in other positions. In mak- Splendid opportunities offered the " up-to date " teacher. Il'e coier the best
ing the mouth, start at the top in the field in the United States for the teacher backed bjr ABILITY. Xo registration
center, work to the left, then finish at the fee if you write the Mariensburs office inclosing stamp. Fourth Year.
right. Cupid's bow, when well drawn, is

A Business Speller
A comprehensive little Book on Spelling, 120
pages of words most frequently seen in business
correspondence. Divided into lessons of fifty
words each. Several lessons of words pronounced
alike, but spelled differently. Just the thing for
the school room. Sample copy postpaid for 25c.
BUSINESS LETTER WRITING-One of the
neatest and brightest little works on Commer-
cial Correspondence. Unlike anything publish-
ed. Write for sample pages. Single copy sent
postpaid for 50c.
OTHER BOOKS PUBLISHED are "Mussel-
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Bookkeeping," "Commercial Law," " Conmier-
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Try a Box of Musselmaa's Perfection Peas.

PRICE TWENTY-riVE CtNTS.

THE
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QUINCV,

-^'riiner- P.y^

1 Cfii'Z^.e'^rit.du.-rxf tz^rt^ 7IUc.^-£cil-A^.-rd ^.,i/-c^ ^i<i,^^^ ^t^^<^t^^ C^A^7iccdc^^.^^LdC^MyC^Zff^r\

^
 f^^f3Sud/ned^^^(^(/iUYif^r ^
ness schools or for self instruction. Each the circle and square. It impresses xis as
lesson consists of three parts: the Exercise being practical, compact and plain.
to be Corrected, the Perfect Copy, and the
Exercise Sheet containing the Proofrnarks "Rip Van Winkle," by Isaac Pitman &
— making in the Series forty-five sheets. Sons, 31 Union Square, New York City,
Price per set, 60c., 8c. extra by mail. This price 25 cents, is the title of a little 30 page
publication strikes us as being the most booklet, beautifully engraved, printed,
practical thing of the kind ever published. and illustrated for students of Isaac Pit-
Any one desirous of learning to read proot man Shorthand.
correctly, or who expects to have printing
done will do well to secure this work. "Graduated Tests in Pitman's Short-
A notice of the author's previous book. hand" by Isaac Pitman & Sons. 31 Union
.\; li i. < il Tt i-f.it'
" Proofreading and Punctuation," appeared Square, New York
City, price 25 cents, is
tion, ly04 " is tlie title given the i>t^cial Ke- some time ago in these columns. an 80 page exercise book for students of
port of the Proceedings of that body held in " Exercises in Punctuation " is« new work Isaac Pitman Shorthand. It impresses us
Chicago December. 1904, published by E. N. by this same author now in preparation, as being a practical aid, alike to learner
Miner, 337 Broadway. New York City. The and will be ready for delivery this fall. and teacher.
volume comprises 333 solidly filled pages.
It contains a verbatim report'of all that was "The Gregg Pencil," by the Gregg Pub-
lishing Co., Chicago, III., is an instrument
said, read, and done before the Federation
and the three afifiliated associations,
"Shorthand," "Business," and "Penman-
especially adapted to shorthand work.
These pencils are high grade in quality and
FOR SALE
ship." "orm. You will do well to give Well established Business College in EasL
About one-third is devoted to the report of thei Present owner and principal is going West
the Federation and the other two-thirds to " The American Carpenter & Builder," to go into business with father-in-law. No
the Associations named. We have not yet competition in cit\- of 25,000. Good location.
read it all, but so far as we have examined Chicago, 111., is a new class journal devoted School has good reputation. Present owner
it, it is a volume well worth every cent of to the subjects applied in the title. Mr.
will remain long enough to start purchaser
the $2, which is the price of membership in Dwight L. Stoddart. a former penman, In- if necessary. Address.
the Association, which membership in- dianapolis, Ind., is one of its staff editors.
cludes a copy of this report free of charge. We wish the journal and its editors success, School bargain,
because we believe they merit it. Care Zaner & Bloser, COLUMBUS. Ohio
The publisher has not only done his work
well, but what is equally good, he has done
it with unusual promptness, as the publica-
"A Practical Commercial Speller," by
tion was ready for delivery three months Elizabeth F. Atwood, teacher of shorthand
and typewritingin the High School of West- to prepare
after the meeting was held. The volume
contains a full page portrait of the Presi-
dent, R. C. Spencer, with perhaps half a
field, Mass., published by Ginn
50c. postpaid, is the title of a
& Co., price
splendidly
Do You an ink that

Know U
hundred smaller portraits of persons who bound, 202-patce, finely printed book devoted wr is WHITE
participated in the program. If you are not
a member, become one at once and secure
to the subject implied in the title. The
book is intended for use chiefly in schools
where commercial branches are taught. It
now which win
this report. Apply to your State Represent-
contains one hundred and forty-six graded not rub ,

ative or to the General Secretary, Mr. J. C.

Walker, Michigan Business College. Detroit, lessons of words, including
untechnical crack or peel? Send me one
Michigan. homonyms and pairs words not homo-
of
nyms that are easily confused, classified DOLLAR and I will send you 1000
"The Art Student's Magazine," published lists of business terms, terms used in va- colored cards and TELL YOU HOW.
by Walter S. Wood Co., Kalamazoo. Mich., rious lines of business, transportation
$100 per year, impresses us as being a very terms, electrical terms, legal terms, etc.
practical journal for the home student in The work has many excellent features and
pen art. will doubtless be wideb^ used.
F*. s. he:a.th,
"Exercises in Proofreading," \yy Adele "The Secret of the Circle and Square,"
Millicent Smith, 111 West 76th St., New York by J. C. Willmon. 2ad St., Los
316 \\^
50 Dunklee St. CONCORD. N. H.
City, is the title of a series of fifteen graded Angeles, Calif., is the appropriate title of
exercises in proofreading, for use in busi- a little volume devoted to the geometry of

NGW PRACTICAL SPKLrLING

For Business Schools a.n<i Commercial Departnrmer
'Ihf MoM MdhO'hi-al and Best CUssifi€d Spdliug B'>ok on the Maikt!.

We have in preparation a new text-book on the sub- great interest in these burden bearere of our mother
ject of spelling that will be a little better and a little tongue.
cheaper than any good spelling book yet published. Many of the lessons are so grouped as to bring cor-
Our New Practical Spelling contains nearly sis related subjects together, causing the words of one
ihonsand of the most important words, classified and lesson to throw new light on tho'e of another.
defined. It has numerous attractive features never be- The New Practical Spelling a2;rees with Webster's
fore incorporated into a spelling book. International Dicrionary in spelling, syllabication,
Capitals are used only where they ought always to be pronunciation and diacritical marks, and with the
used. Each word is defined, diacritically marked, Century Dictionary in capitalization. The index is
and properly divided into syllables. complete as to both spelling and dictation exercises. >>.'
The words'in each lesson are numbered from 1 to 2.5. Compared with the many good spelling books now
and they are also in alphabetical order. The head line in use.
on each page contains an epigrammatic quotation from
some noted authority on the subjects thereunder. At NEW PRACTICAl SPELLING
the foot of each page is a dictation exercise emphasiz-
ing the strongest points of the lessons above. Has the widest scop:\
Besides being separately defined, the words are The most practical selection of words,
classified according to their meaning under about 75 The best classification.
heads, such as Friends and Relatives; Pertaining to
: The most appropriate quotations.
Schools; Vocations; Words used in Business; Book- And contains the greatest number of interesting fea-
keeping; Groceries; Dry Goods; Colors; Spelling; tures, in the smallest compass, and for
Oratory; Birds and Animals; Geography; Arithmetic; the lowest price.
Grammar; Architecture; Important Verbs Exercise ; Do not fail to see a copy of our New Practical Spell-
on ie and d; The Human Body; Character; Music; ing before deciding on your text-boobs for the coming'
Flowers (with scientific classification of parts of a year. Write for advmce pages and full information.
flower): Literature; Words used in Law; Familiar
Terms in Science; Homonyms; Chief Cities, etc. Remember we have a complete list of commercial
The characteristic force of the English language is text-books, including publications on the subjects of
dependent almost wholly upon its short words. To letter writing, aritlim<_iic. Knglish, commercial law,
emphasize this truth, the first division of the New shorthand, tvpe-vriting, and bookkeeping Our Twen-
Practical Spelling contains 1425 of the mo-t important tieth Century Business Practice and Everybody's Dic-
words of one syllable, graded and alphabetically ar- tionary (for the vest pockeliare leaders in their line.
ranged. This part of our book cannot fail to aw-iken An illustrated catalogue and price list for the asking.

PRACTICAL TEXT I BOOK COMPANY

—•CLEVELAND I -OHIO /- ' "

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FOR SOHOOLS HND GOLLEGES KING'S
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LOWEST PRICES FOR ANY OOBHTITY
Monthly Statement
THE ARTISTIC ENGROSSING and Editorial.
OF DIPLOMAS A SPECIALTY

HOWARD & BROWN, "^S%%Ver's Rockland, Me.

Some one has said : "Tlie

noblest acquisition of mankind is
speecli, and the most useful art is
writing." This is literally true. It
is not only the most useful art, but
my experience as a teacher of writ-
ing covering a period of more than
twelve years leads me to believe
that it is the most neglected sub-
ject taught in the public schools of
this country. In fact the system or
style now taught (the Vertical) in
the majority of pul>lic schools is
a fad, a fraud, a fake, a freak, a far-
fetched, fallacious fizzle. It isnot
only going to go, but it is going,
and when it does go it will have
served one good purpose — that of

#
t \
strengthening the slanting and the
muscular movement style
ing and in making it
of writ-
the universal
' style for all time to come. I'll have
^^^/'^^^''''^^^''''^•^^-'^^^^^^
t yi^' more to say about this later.

S **
GoocI Writing
alike the sage, the saint and the
sinner." I teach sucli a style by
captivates

mail, both plain and ornamental.

It is simple, sensible, civilized.
Write me about it RIGHT NOW.
Get a move on you. He who does
it today has an immense advan-
tage over him who expects to do it
tomorro^v.
" He who adds to his earning
power adds to his capital."
lluuiiiiutiitg Yours truly,

^* J 1208 Chestnut St.

Philadelphia Pa. 2851 Oakland Ave..

MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
 *^^3Bu4/H^dA^^Uu^i^ir* ^
WANTED-PENMAN
Who can English branches. Permanent
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e:ste:rbrook's
— pe:ns •'Easy to write with. Hard to use up."
CORRECT DESIGN UNIFORM TEMPER DURABILITY
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453 Business and College
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PENS AND HOLDERS. BY MAIL, PREPAID. CARDS, INK. PAPER. ETC.

Gillott's Lithographic Pen No. 290 Blank Cards— White bristol with Zanerian Pen. Pencil, and PaintinS
Zanerian Fine Writer Pen— The best penmanship. Pad. and Portfolio, for sketching,
and finest fine writing pea made— best -One of the finest pointed drawing finest surface for fine
>ens made. 6 pens 25c, I^ pens 15c 28c drawing, and water color painting.
for enKrossinc. card writinR and all fine 100 by mail postpaid -
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15c
Zanerian India Ink — A fine drawing
Zanerian Ideal Pen— One of the best — Black Cards— Best made for white ink and best for preparing script and
pens made for general penwork busi- — Soennecken
makinir German
Lettering Pen For
Text, Old English, and ink. drawings for photo-engiaving.
ness or ornamental. One of the best
pens for beginners in penmanship. all broad pen letters. Set of l2-num- liX)by mail postpaid - 28c 1 bottle by mail, postpaid $ .30
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Zanerian Medial Pen— A high-grade Arnold's Japan Ink— Nearly }4 pint
medium, extra smooth pen for business White Cardboard— Wedding Bristol bottle by mail postpaid $ .40
writing. None better. Just right for for fine pen work. Sheets are 22x28. 1 pint by express--- 45
students and accountants. Gross 75c, Ti sheets by express $ .60
1 quart by express .75
^ gross--- - 25c Zanerian Oblipue Penholder— H3.nd- 12 sheets by express l.lX)
made, rosewood, 12 inches long, a 2 sheets by mail postpaid 50 White Ink— Very fine.
Zanerian BusinessPen— A smooth, beautiful and perfect holder. 1 holder
---
1 by mail, postpaid
bottle $ .25
-- 50c
durable, common
sense business pen. -
12 bottles by express 1.85
For unshaded busiuess writing, it has White Cardboard— With hard finish,
never been excelled, if equaled. Gross Fine Art Oblique Ho/c/er Inlaid — much like ledger paper. Sheets are
and fancy, hand-made, rosewood, and 20J'=x23. Writing Paper— Finest 12 lb. paper
by far the most beautiful holder made. made. 960 sheets per ream, ruling wide
6 sheets by express $ .40
holder sent in a small wooden box. and faint. ream by express
1 $2.25
Gillott's Principality No. 1 Pen—A 1
12 sheets by express .70
- $1.00 3 sheets by mail, postpaid- 50
fine writing pen.
25c. I dozen
Gross $1.00,
--
K gross
12c
Writing Paper —
Same quality as
Excelsior Oblique Holder— The best above mentioned but 10 lb. per leam.
low-priced oblique holder made, Many Black Cardboard— F'lne'it for white 1 ream by express $2.00
Gillott's Double Elastic E. F. No. hundiedsof gross have been sold. ink. Sheets are 22x28.
604 Pen— A medium fine writing pen.
G sheets by express. $ .50
Gross 7.5c. V* gross 25c, J dozen - 10c Practice Paper— Best for the money
12 sheets by express .75
'4 gross -- 1.10 be had. earn by express
1 i $1 .50 - -
2 sheets by mail, postpaid .50
Magnum
Gillott's Quill E. F. No. 's gross 2.15 Send stamp for samples of paper.
601 Pen— A business pen. Gross $1.0t). 1 gross-- -- 4.25
'/4 gross 25c, 1 dozen-- ---I2c Wedding Paper— Finest for penman-
— ship or drawing. Sheets are 21x33. Envelopes—
Straight Penholder Cotk tipped
Gillott's No. 303 E. F. Pen— Used and best for business writing, flourish- 6 sheets by express $ .50 100 fine blue by mail, postpaid - $ .40
largely for drawing purposes. Gross ing, etc. 1 holder 10c, 6 holders 40c. 12 12 sheets by express -- .70 100 fine white by mail, postpaid
$l.a). y* gross 2,5c, I dozen 12c 3 sheets by mail, postpaid -- .50 1000 either kind, by express

Cash must accompany all orders. Prices are too low to keep accounta.
Qoney order, or stamps for sniall anio

Address, ZANER (^ BI^OSCR, COI^VMBVS. OHIO.

^^C^Vt^-r^^^i^f^TV' a^^n^ /^<.>c..^-i2cti^^.^.^J ^^M.^-t.-^ C^t.^^.^'n.^ yz^.^t<^ /9->' ^ CZ^/l^ /d<<.4<-^yz.£,^^ d^M>C^:«.<;<?-7' I
 f^^^ad^i^U/i^/iu^ii^ ^
English is an Important Subject
It is the basis of business correspondence, but commercial schools do not have the time to conduct
a longf and tedious course in either English or correspondence

EARNEST'S ENGLISH CORKESPONDENCE

Provides a short, sharp, clear-cut course of practical drills in Capitalization, Punctuation, Paragraphing,
Phrasing with copious exercises, followed by a practical course in Business Correspondence. This book
is just a plain, practical text for the teacher who wants to get results and for the student who wants to ae=
quire a proficient use of the languagB, especially as it applies to the correspondence of business. The
list price of the book is thirty-five cents. It has a large and increasing sale.

Have you seen BICMABDSON'S COMMERCIAL LAW in its new dress? The last edition just from
press, printed from new plates is a fine example of modern book making. This popular text was intro-
duced mto a very large number of new schools last year.

We Know of Quite a Number of Young Teachers

who want positions. These young men and women are well qualified, and we shall be glad to hear from
all school principals and proprietors who wish to engage teachers for the coming year. No charge to
either party.

SADLER = R.OWE CO.,

BALTIMORE, Md.

Incomparable Commercial Books.

For many years we have given earnest thought to the best plans for presenting commercial
subjects. The following books represent the result of our latest efforts in the subjects of Commercial
Law, Arithmetic and Spelling:

\lt\At>m
i'lUUCril l^nfnm<>r#>iAl ArWhmo4ir>
VUlllIlIcrClal l^rilliniCllC This is an unpretentious looking book, but it
contains a larger list of well graded, practical
and snappy business problems than any other
book published. No time given to matters within the knowledge of a seventh-grade pupil, hence, it
is
gives the best possible course on all matters pertaining to business and in the shortest possible time and
space. It is especially strong in mental work required and in practical measurements. In advance of
others in both method and detail.

|Vfn/1<arn Rficinocc ^nollAr There is all the difference in the world between the plan and
IIUUCIII UUSlllCSa vy|JCllCI arrangement of this book and others that you have seen. In
the first place this is the most scientific of spellers, and in
the second place it is more than a speller. It teaches pronunciation, the use of diacritical marks, syllabi-
cation, and, best of all, how to use the dictionary. A sample lesson may be had for the asking. Shall we
send it to you ?

I 1/rn\«'
M^yvn^ f nmmor^ial T.3Uf
M^AW
\,/UllllllCl ^..ICll
has long been recognized by
the most satisfactory book on this subject. Its strength lies
all as the leading, because it is

not so much in containing more law than other books (tho

this is also true) but in the fact that it is so arranged and planned that the pupil is able to master what is
set before him. It is, tiierefore, the book for those to use who have had a limited experience in teaching
the subject.

For a text on any commercial subject address

Chicago Powers ®. Lyons New York

I
Cii:^''i^-e^-r€<^±£.^7^ a,--^!^ ^<.c.-^~^i.d'^hx.''Tzf -^ck^'-l.^ ^/z,<;z--n^ .^^u-c^C' ^^r?' ,^:^?'z,<!!-<?2--<^i'<r>Z'i»2^ C^L4, /2«^*'i?t-6i4<:<£<t^«-<:*i^»T:
 JVNE, 1905

TEACHERS'
PROFESSIONAE^
EDITION.
ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
T n; ^f
-:5- ^- - ^
r
 *^^3Bud/nedA^^fUu:a/i7^ ^

C^^n^~e'^'^Cc^l.£yr^ ci''?7^ ^^cc^-^c^iy^i^e-'Td ^<^i.'-t.^S ^^i^-o^-'y-z-^ ,.'-^i<?«<:^ C7%^. 7^,ccd<^'7'i.£^i^€^€tcc<'<:t-£^-^- I

I
 >^^3Budin£U^^(/uaa(r' ^
NEXT YEAR 5 79 CALLS
111 19 niontlis we have had 579 calls for teachers, 95 of Iheni from
Is Coming, and It is Time to Prepare for It.
public schools. Of the liitter, 61 carried salaries of from $75 to $18(1 a
niomh. Of the former, 108 were at salaries of from $1000 upward.
Tlicse calls, in all but ten or fifteen cases, came to us directly from
the school officials themselves. A' d the exceptions were where
Has your Shorthand Department been teiichers about to resign, or teachers who had been asked to apply,
wrote to us about the inaiter. Judge of the diflerenee betwei-n the
it been influence of a recommendation n.ade by an Agency that has hi en
a success this year, or has
asked by school officials for candidates, and an .\gency that paid
the success it might have been? Slime outsider for gossip or guess as to the probubility of a vacancy
and has then, uninv. ted, sent in your name and a score of others,
If not, what has been the matter ? trusting to luck to land one of the long list and thlts corral a com-
mission. We don't do business that way, but \>e do plenty of

Your text-book may have been the wrong one. business, and with the very best schools of this country, as witness
e folio ,vhere one or more of our candidates have been chosen
Let us send you a copy of the right one. thin the last I velv

THE PHONOGRAPHIC AMANUENSIS The Packard Co

New York
ercial School, Mountain
Parkeisbuig,
State Business College,
\V. Va.
will save Two Months to every shorthand The Temple College Philadelphia
The Ei.gan iichool. New York
Oshko-sh (Wis.)High School
Fitchburg (Muss.) High School
Troy (N. Y.I Business College Kitchburg (Mass.) Business College
student in your school. St. Louis (Mo High School
I
Meadville (Pa Com'l College
)

St. Joseph (Mo. High School I Pv-M. & .S. Schools. Trenton, N. J.
I'lissaic (.N. J.) High School Ashbourre (Pa) High School
Your Teacher may have been the w^rong one. St Ihima College, -t. Paul, Minn, Huntsinger's B.C., Hartford, Conn.
liurdett (. olltge, Boston Spencerian Cons'l School, Cievernd
Let us help you to find the right one. Write
Not to mention scores of others, which we do not care to pay for
sp;ice to name. Wilhin fortyeight hours of this first day of May we
to us about it.
have filled three splendid eastern positions at salaries averaging
$ 533 each. We char::e no enrollment fee lo teachers. \Vc furnish
school officials confidential digests of the results of our investiga-
tions of our candidates' records, without asking candidates to apply
THE until officials indicate a choice, thus saving unlimited labor and an-
noyance to all but ourselves, and that is what we are paid for. If
Phonographic Institute Company, \ou want prompt, honest, intelligent service, whether as a teacher or
lis ai employer, let us hear from you. full information on request.
CINCINNATI. THK n\tIONAL COMMERCIAL TEACHERS' AGENCY'
BENN PITMAN, HOWARD, A Specialty by a Specialist
JEROME B.
Manager. Prospect Hill, Beverly. Mass.
E. E. iiAVi.oRi>,
PRESIDENT.

In the
Williams <a Rogers
Successful Publications Series

GANG'S COMMERCIAL LAW MOORE'S NEW COMMERCIAL ARITHMETIC

Ha.lf Leathe r 599 Pages $1.00 Ha.lf Leather 392 Pages $1.00

This book marks a distinctively forward step in the The wide introduction of thisbook into commercial
publication of commercial law texts. It is the work of schools in all parts of the country, and its great popu
a prominent lawyer and of a successful teacher, which larity among teachers, testify to its superior merits.
insures the soiandness of the subject matter and the Whilecomprehensiveinitsscope.it contains no com-
correctness of the treatment. The principles are clear- plicated or obsolete subjects. It is modern in its
ly and fully stated, and are illustrated by actual methods, and contains an abundance of practical drills
cases decided by the courts. in business problems.

MODERN ILLUSTRATIVE BOOKKEEPING MILLS' MODERN BUSINESS

THREE COURSES PENMANSHIP
Introductory Adv&nced Complete Cloth 76 Pa.ges $ .30

This is the best system of bookkeeping for business This a series of seventy-five carefully graded
is
and high schools. It combines Ijoth theory and prac- muscular movement exercises and lessons in practical
tice and is easy to teach and easy to learn. It has been writing, designed for use in business schools, and in
introduced into a large number of representative the commercial department of high schools, and for
schools throughout the country, and is enthusiastic- self-instruction. The style of writing presented in the
ally endorsed by leading commercial teachers, prin- lessons is the one taught in practically all the busi-
cipals, and superintendents. ness schools in the country.

AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY COMMERCIAL PUBLICATIONS DEPARTMENT

NEW YORK CINCINNATI CHICAGO

1 ^^^n^-^.'-'TCcdu..^^^ cZ'^z^ ^5e^-^*^:^i-yt,^'-3^=< -.eot^^ C^^i-^x^TT,^ .^y..^^X4^

^
c^^h^73.4.cd<^''?'Z.£^^6^i:6t*^C'CtX^^.
I
 f^^r^u^^/ned^^^/iu^iifr ^

PERNIN UNIVERSAL PHONOGRAPHY I

The Original Light Line Shorthand.

PfO SHADING NO POSITION CONNECTIVE VOWELS

The Simplest. Most Legible and Rapid Shorthand Ever Invented.

A Rskdica.! Departure from Pltmanic Principles.

Pornin Phnnnnranhl/ the corner stone which marks the era of a

is
rdl IIIII rilUIIUyiCl|Jliy
revolution in the art of shorthand writing.
To-day every up-to-date school teaches light line shorthand is your school —
among them ?

If you don't teach Pernin shorthand, write us to-day. Full descriptive

matter will be mailed you upon request. Ask for our booklet about Pernin
Universal Phonography — a postal card will bring it.

The Best Shorthand for the School

Absolutely No Failures -

The Only Shorthand for the Pupil

AWARDED WORLD'S FAIR MEDAL AND DIPLOMAS

Tr AnijrpC DEMAND for competent Pernin teachers far ex-
The
tfMjntnO
'
|

ceeds our supply. We want every teacher who can

•

handleT.commercial subjects and PERNIN SHORTHAND to file an applica-

tion with us at once for the coming fall. Do it now. If you are a commer-
cial teacher and can't teach PERNIN SHORTHAND, or if you teach some
other system and wish to increase your earning capacity, and create a
greater demand for 5'our services, write us to-day — we have a^proposition
that will interest you.

Have You Vsed

Pernin's Business Dictation Book?
It is composed of Actual Dictated Business Letters. Conceded by all who have used it to be the
best work of the kind published.
Sample Copy to Schools, 35o Postpalcl.

&Ae H. M. Pernin Publishing Co., Detroit, Mich.

r^^^I^^r2Ji:*£.4.-c7^/ ^e^^^z^ ^4.c.-^-£c4i^A.£''7^ .-Lt^'t^ S'^i.ez.^^7^ .^y^€n^ ^

C7%-£. 73.,CC^U^''>ZZ^i^€^^ct<.4,'C^lPL.^<r7^ I
 f^^^ud/ned^^^f/iu^ii^ ^

From $800 to ^/t^r sixteen

Lessons by
<n I ->f\f\ \/
(^\j\j ci Y C£kr Correspondence
4> I

So great have been the demands upon our time and energies in keeping pace with the volume of
correspondence pouring in upon us from private commercial schools that we have hitherto been unable
to give any attention to the introduction of Gregg Shorthand into the public schools. Notwithstanding
this the Gregg system is taught in a very large number of public schools with most gratifying results.

With the public schools the system has made its way by force of its intrinsic merits.

Among the Sctiools Wt^icti Adopted the System this Season are the
Following

Seattle High School, Seattle, Wash. Ottawa High School, Ottawa, 111.
JolietHigh School, Joliet, III. La Crosse High School, La Crosse, Wis.
Morse High School, Bath, Me. Peoria High School, Peoria, 111.
Rockford High School, Rockford, 111. Brainerd High School, Brainerd, Minn.
Merrill High School, Merrill, Wis. Lead High School, Lead, S. D.
Carbondale High School, Carbondale, Pa. Newton High School, Newton, Kans.
Jacksonville High School, Jacksonville, III. Grand Forks High School, Grand Fork s, N. D.
Marshall High School, Marshall, III. Morton High School, Morton, 111.
—
N. B. The Rockford High School discarded the Munson, Joliet High School discarded
Dement, Peoria High School and Morse High School discarded Pitman, Merrill High School
discarded Cross Eclectic, as did the Lead High School, Carbondale High School discarded Pernin.

This is not a complete list, but 'twill serve. It has been sufficient to impress us with the idea
that if the system could make so much progress with the public schools without effort on our part, it

would make more rapid progress if its merits were brought to the attention of the superintendents,
still

principals of high schools, and teachers in charge of the commercial departments. We are therefore
starting on a "campaign of education" in this direction and this is the fir;t intimation.
By reason of its simplicity, legibility and the sound pedagogical arrangement of the textbook,
Gregg Shorthand is peculiarly adapted for use in high schools, but there is one serious obstacle : The
extraordinary progress of Gregg Shorthand with the private commercial schools has exhausted the sup-
ply of high grade teachers who can handle the commercial subjects as well as Gregg Shorthand. Our
free course of correspondence lessons is proving of great assistance, but the demand still exceeds the sup-
ply. Recently a commercial teacher who had taken sixteen lessons by correspondence (free of charge)
was placed by us in a position at $J200 — his previous position paying but $800.
If you are interested, write to us; and if a teacher ask for " Proposition No. I."

THE QEtEQQ PUBLISHING CO.

Chicekgo, Illinois.
 ^^^^fO/ned^i^^/^eua/Spr* ^
ISAAC PITMAN^S SHORTHAND
FACTS vs ASSERTIONS
" I was placed
in charge of the Isaac Pitman department at The Miller School on the 4th
of April, 1904. At that time not one student had registered to enter that special department,
it being a new feature, it having been known as a Gregg shorthand school since its estab-
' '

lishment some seven years ago. Naturally there was a great deal of skepticism as to the
length of time it would require to complete the course in the Pitman department. I have ' '

never made any claims for the Is^ac Pitman system that it was a three months system,' easy ' '

to learn,' etc., but may here state that at the expiration tf six weeks' study of the Instructor
I '

on the part of one student, she was able to write at the rate of sixty words per minute, new
matter. At the end of three and a half months, two students had acquired a jpeed of 1 25 words
per minute, and were transcribint; letters and legal forms neatly and with a fair dejjree of accur-
acy upon the typewriter. These same students are now in our Model Office class from which
they will graduate in due course of time. The students mentioned are not special cases, but
they represent what can be done by the average student studying Isaac Pitman system of phono-
graphy. Our evening class work has been quite as successful. We teach three nights a week
and have pupils writing new matter, 70 to 90 words per minute, at the end of the fourth
month. "—/W/ss Emi\\/ E. Barbler, The Miller School, New York, August 8, 1904.

rOVRTH EDIXION SECOND EDITION Revlsea ana Enlarged

Compiled by Robert A. Kells
A PRACTICAL COURSE IN
Ciintaining an up-to-date col-
lection of Kfniiine letters cover-
int; Fifty Distinct Lines ok
Business - Legal Forrtis, and a
judicious selection of practice-
TOUCH TYPEWRITING
matter for general dictation.
Also chapters on Spelling, A Scientific Method of Mastering
Pnnctuati4.n, Capi t a z a t i o n-, i

anclSiiort Practical Talks with

I

the Key-board by the sense of Touch

the Amanuensis. This work- has
been adopted l.y hundreds of Adopted by the New York BoaLfd of Educiitlon.
progressive schools, without ref-
erence to the system of Short-
hand taught.
SPECIAL i^e:atvr£:s:
LEGAL, F~ORMS invariable syslen:> of finS^rinS arranged
fin
Th. alond the line of least resistance.
voted til Legal Forms has been
.-peciallv written bv Henry W. Gives absolute connnnanci of every k.ey.
Thorne.' Counselor-at-Law and Charts and diagrams in five colors.
tjfificial Stenographer, Johns- Words not arranged in the hackneyed alpha-
town, \. Y., and contains chapters on the following subjects:
Introduction; Class I.— Miscellaneous Legal Documents; Class betical order.
IE.— Legal Papers in Actions; Class III. Law Stenographer's
Transcripts, Etc.
"It is one of the best books I have ever seen. Every short- "I am delighted witli 'A Practical Course in Touch
hand teacher and student should have one." Typewriting.' It is the best I liave ever seen. A close ex-
—/. A'. Sproiise, The Neir FresnofCal.J Business College. amination will reveal the wonderfullv painstaking work
in the selection of practice material. There is no waste of
"I like the 'Twentieth Century Dictation Book' very energy on the part of the pupil or teacher; every exercise
much indeed. It seems to be the best work so far produced and every word has a specific purpose; and the learner is
and I have the pleasure in herewith enclosing you
of its kind, conducted by the shortest and mo-^t expeditious routfe
an introductory order for the same " possible to a high standard of proficiency. The unique
— Charles M. Miller, Miller School, A'eir lor*. arrangements of the lessons enables a teacher to handle
about twice the number of pupils, and with far more sat-
Boards and Cloth Back, 272 pp , 75 cents; Cloth, $1.00. isfactory results. It is itnpossible to expiate too forcibly
on the nierits of this work, and I predict for it a very wide
E.raniinatioti copy to schools and known teachers sent post- adoption." --4. M. Kennedy, Central Business College.
paid on receipt of 5S cents, or 70 cents. Ltd., Toronto, Ont.

Sena for copy of PITMAN^S JOVRNA.1^, the Official <%f^9Lr%. of the Isae Pxtnnan Shorthand.
Yearly Suhsci-iptlon 50 Cents.

ISAAC PITMAN <a SONS, ^^.?Xl^:;^.

I'nhlishers of Isaac Pitman's Shorthand 1 nstriictor,' ' fl.50. Reaitupted In- the Ui^li Sclmoln of
Greater A'eir I'ork for a /leriod of tli-e .rears.

^^^^I'-i^rCcd.tyr.a <st^<f7^ ^^^^.^-^cd^^Lc^'Td .-ci^-c^ ^^A-ci^^fz-y^ .^j^^c-u^ /^^ ..'?>z^''f^.^^'<r7'z.o.oz^ C7%-£. /d.u.J^tyyL.Aj.^ Scd.i^i>ci^^7r
 THE BUSINESS EDUCATOIi. Vou Should Read mr. Doner,
Entered at Colu The announcements by the Associate Whose series of masterful lessons in
Editor, Mr. Gaylorti, in the Profes- Business Writing end with this num-
Published Monthly (except July and August) by . sional edition of The Business Edu- ber, has succeeded in arousing an
Zaner & Bloser. 118 N. High St.. Columbus, O.. as
follows: Teachers' Professional Edition, $1.00 a cator, concerning the many inval- unusual amount of interest, and in
Year (Foreign Subscriptions 30 cents extra); Stud- uable contributions which are to securing a most loyal and enthusias-
ents' Penmanship Edition, 65 cents a year, (Foreign
Subscriptions 20 cents extra). appear the coming year. The depart- following.
tic"' Mr. Doner has few
ment feature is his, and it is the equals and no superior. And his
C. P. Zaner, Columbus, O. - - - Editor greatest thing of its kind for com- success is due to patient, persever-
E. E. Gaylord, Beverly, Mass. - Associate Editor
E. W. Bloser, Columbus, O. - Business Manager mercial teachers that has ever ap- ing, conscientious effort. He is no
Address all communications to Zaner & Bloser, peared in our class of journalism. It genius — he's a worker with head,
Columbus. O., except those relating to the depart-
ments, which may be sent to Mr. Gaylord.
costs lots of money but we must have hand and heart. We know, for we
it, even though it does come high, have seen him evolve from an un-
Two Editions. The Business Educator is because it is needed and in demand. skilled, average, country boy, with
published in two editions: The Teachers' Profes- but little schooling or ambition, to a
sional Edition contains 48 or more pages, 16 of
See that your name is on our dollar young man of unusual skill, sincere
which are conducted on the Department plan and list, as we keep but very few back desire and determination to be of
specially suited to the needs of teachers, principals,
and proprietors. Colored title page. Price $1.00 a numbers. use, and the possessor of a practical
year. education.
The Students' Penmanship Edition contains 33
pages and is the same as the Professional Edition, Our eertificate
less the sixteen pages devoted to the Departments Flickinaer
of Commercial 'Teaching. This edition is specially Is now finding its way into the best
suited to students in Commercial, Public and
schools of the land, and into the The master penman, the practical
Private schools, and contains all of the Penmanship,
teacher, and the conscientious man,
Engrossing, Pen Art, and Lesson features in the hands of many who have learned to
Professional Edition. Price 65 cents a year.
write a practical, business hand.
has placed in our hands for publi-
Follow faithfully any series of les- cation in The Business Educator
Change of Address. If you change your ad-
dress, be sure to notify us promptly (in advance, if
sons in The Business Educator an address delivered before the Phil-
possible), and be careful to give the old as well as adelphia Teachers' Association en-
the new address. We
lose many papers each issue and you also can possess it. File
through negligence on the part of subscribers. titled "Methods of Securing Good
Back Numbers cannot, as a rule, be supplied.
with us a specimen before beginning
Writing."
Postmasters are not allowed to forward journals (set of capitals, small letters and
unless postage is sent to them for that purpose.
It is needless to say that the paper
figures, and a sentence with date, is logical, up-to-date, interesting,
The Business Educator is devoted to the pro- name and address), and a similar and much more vigorous and drastic
gressive and practical interests of Business Educa- one after following the course, and if in expression than is usual with the
tion and Penmanship. A journal whose mission is
to dignify, popularize, and improve the world's you have done yourself justice a modest, retiring author. But" it is
newest and neediest education. It purposes to Certificate will be awarded and fur- a matter of conscience as well as of
inspire and instruct both pupil and teacher, and to
nished for but fifty cents. It is worth intellect, and for that reason doubly
further the interests of those engaged in the work,
in private as well as in public institutions of busi- possessing because it means in- valuable and timely.
It is worth waiting for.
creased money earning ability in the
AdvertlsinJ Rates furnished upon application, commercial world.
The Business Educator being the highest grade Our Friends
journal of its class, is purchased and read by the
most intelligent and well-to-do among those mler-
ested in business education and penmanship, in the Itlr. Russell, Will doubtless be almost as pleased
United States, Canada. England, and nearly every to learn as we are to announce that
country on the globe. It circulates, not alone among
business college proprietors, teachers, and pupils, Whose lessons in business writing the subscription list of The Busi-
but also among principals of commercial depart- began in the April number of The ness Educator during the past ten
ments of High Schools, Colleges and Religious And
Schools, as well as among office workers, home Business Educator, has succeeded months has almost doubled.
atudents, etc. in enthusing an unusual number of from present indications we are
Raii-.s to Teachers, Agents, and Club
young people in the art of writing hopeful of doing even better the
Rai-.'.:"S sent upon application. Write for them well. Specimens by the dozen are coming year With your continued
whether you are in a position to send few or many being filed in our office from all over aid, and that which naturally gravi-
subscriptions. Sample copies furnished to secure
the country preliminary to the earn- tates toward the best, we hope to so
subscriptions.
Considering that The Business Educator is ing of our Certificates of Proficiency
expand our circulation as to warrant
high grade in every particular: that progressive, improvements we have in mind.
practical lessons in penmanship are a distinctive later on. Mr. Russell himself has Our sincere thanks are hereby
feature of the magazine; that departments of inter- but fairly begun. Watch out! He's
est and helpfulness in subjects relating to Business tendered to our many loyal, enthusi-
Education are found only in The Business Edu- a growing product. Better get into astic friends and supporters. Our
cator, you will readily see that it is not only line. See that your students get a best efforts are also hereby pledged
the best but the cheapest, when quality, character
and quantity are considered. chance to follow him. for a still better journal.
 .^^^ud/n^U^<(/iu^afr- ^
Our Penmanship Program for the Coming Year

Announcements concerning the Department features of The Business Educator appear in the Teachers' Profes-
sional edition of this number, and should be read by all persons interested in commercial education.
What we have been giving during the past is a fair criterion as to what you may expect the coming year. We
believe the program we have now prepared is the best we have ever planned, and the best ever secured in our class
of journalism.
But it is of the penmanship features that we desire now to speak, or rather to announce, for a mere announce-
ment is sufficient to whet the appetite of any penmanship expert and lover, or any aspirant along penmanship lines.
Never before have we had]work planned so far ahead, or so many lines of effort provided for, as this year.

'
mr. e. E. Doner, mr. R. B. Cebman, mr. p. Ul. eostello.

whose name adds luster to our profession

the man who writes almost pure Spencer- the Engrossing and Portrait expert, has in
ian, has prepared for our readers a series of our hands some of the finest portraits we
for his trinity of skill, knowledge and man-
lessons embracing his latest ideas on tiie have ever seen. .\ full page specimen
hood, is to remain with us. and has been
subject of practical writing. The series is will appear as soon as we can find room for
given a free rein to do and to sfir that
simple rather than complex and extended it. Examples of Engrossing from his fertile
which he deems best from month to month. — just what our young aspiring penmen brain and facile hand will appear also.
need to bring their work up to a professional
mr. e. Ol. $tein, swing. mr. E. C. Brown,
tliewinnerof the first Zanerian Gold Medal, mr. E. e. mills. the Diploma and Engrossing artist, will
penman and teacher in the Iron City Col- with whose wonderfully accurate penman- remain with us in the engrossing line, con-
lege. Pittsburg, is preparing and will pre- ship our readers are familiar, has promised tributing from month to month e.xamples
sent a series of lessons in Business VViiting The Business Educator a series of script and instructions in wash or brush drawing
whicli will make his name a familiar one illustrations for supplementary practice as applied to engrossing and illuminating.
in the penmanship profession. and advanced students.
mr. S. D. Uolt,
Cbe students' Paae, the Engrossing Artist whose work is noted
mr. S. m. Blue,
where the best received each month will be for its fine art qualities, has placed in our
the skilled penman who operates in the displayed, will be continued as heretofore, hands a series of half-tone plates of an
office of The Business Educator, and or as long as the interest continues. engrossed album for advanced students of
wliose work in its line ranks with the this art so much in demand.
world's best, has prepared some work in mr. e. e. Clster.
advanced Professional Business Writing the man whose skill, modesty, and all- mr. e. D. Seribner,
that will be hailed with delight by aspiring round good judgment are away above pen- will continue his lessons in Illustration the
professionals.
manship par, is preparing a series of ten most, if not all of the year.
lessons in artistic professional penmanship
mr. H. e. Hussell. Citle Pages,
to be begun in September.
whose lessons began in our April number, and artistic, are already on
novel, effective,
isarousing a surprising amount of interest mr. F. B. eourtney, hand and engraved from Henderson,
and enthusiasm for this time of the year, the penmanship wizard, has placed in our Walker, Anderson, Miss Marsh. Kood, and
and is giving us a good, honest course of hands a whole bundle of ornate superscrip- E. L. Brown, while others are being planned.
lessons. He is not slighting details, and is tions, as well as something novel in the
criticising closely. way of business capitals. Hrtistie Details
in Script, Engrossing, Portraits, Designs,
from tbe Pen etc., are in hand and will be presented from
mrs. nina Pearl Uudson n«ble's
of the late C. C. Canan, we have a series of time to time.
script serial, but fairly begun, is something designs, specimens, etc., made expressly Editorials
out of the beaten rut, and demonstrates for The Business Educator, which we dealing with today penmanship problems
anew the fact that THE BUSINESS EDUCA- shall give from time to time. will continue to appear monthly. Speci-
TOR is creative and not merely imitative.
mens, Book Reviews, etc., will receive
mr. H. H. eepek. conscientious, courteous treatment by the
n new star the new Engrossing Script Specialist, is Editor as in the past.
in the firmament of penmen, of much giving to his lessons and many who are
greater magnitude than usual, is about to following them, conscientious attention to tbe eertifleate of Proficiency in Pen=
burst forth and add to the already starry every detail, and the results are already mansbip
field of professionalism, and — and — its a apparent. is now the welcome visitor to the best
young lady, too. If her work is not better schools and homes, and we hope it may be
than any that has ever appeared from a Cbe Cessons Frencb Kound Iiand
in
to.T-oiirs as well. It means much to those
student just graduating; if her work is not by Mr. H. A. Rounds, are up to date and who earn it, and it is being guarded by
strong, surprisingly practical, yet accurate, intensely practical. Students in engross- careful, unbiased examination and gra-
we shall '* acknowledge the corn " and keep ing have never had anything so practical dation of specimens by the Editor whose
quiet. in this line. training in this line has been exceptional.
 PkOGRESSIVE
LESSONS IN Business Penmansl^ip
supervisor of Writ- Work for criticis
ng in the Beverly, should be mailed
Mass., Public
to Mr. Doner by
fifth of each
Schools.

This concludes my series of lessons. It has been a source of great pleasure to me to have so many practice from these lessons.
I have heard personally from about 125 different pupils who have been following the course. I have tried to be of service to all,
altho' I have fallen short of doing my real duty. Could I have seen you personally I might have been of more real help to you.
I am certainly well pleased that so many have taken an interest in the work, and that I have had the pleasure of receiving so

many friendly letters. Perhaps I will run another course next year. If I do. I see wherein I could make another series of lessons
a great deal better than this course has been, and I think more helpful to those who would follow it.
Head earefully
Those who have been working for the certificate will please send me immediately one page of movement exercises neatly
arranged on paper and well made; one page of figures and one page of a sentence or a business letter that will occupy about a page.
The letter given herewith would be a good one. Of course all will not receive the certificate now. Those who do not will have that
pleasure by the end of another year or perhaps sooner. All who write a plain, rapid business hand I shall recommend for a cer-
tificate. To earn a certificate does not only mean that you have taken one or any number of lessons, but also that you are a skilled
business writer. We shall try to keep the standard high in this work. So that when you do earn a certificate you will be able to
back it up with a good, rapid, business style of penmanship. If any of you feel like writing to me at any time I am sure I shall be
glad to hear frona you.
I thank you for the support you have given me and THE BUSINES.S EDUCATOR. Success to 3'ou all.

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I have no special instruction to give you in writing the copies herewith. All this work is known as body-writing, which means
a mass, or a large portion of matter condensed. You therefore see that there are many words written in compact form. Study the
copy closely, try to begin and end each word carefully, and make downward strokes straight, clean and clear to the line.

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S. J. B., Mich.— Your small letters are better than your capitals. E. P., Pa. — Your work is well done, considering you work hard
Work on capitals and make tliem uniform in height, slant, etc. on the farm. Keep up your practice during the summer, and if
L. B., N- J.— Your April work is good. Be careful with all you follow my course next year, it seems to me you ought to make
downward strokes — bring them more nearly straight to the a good penman. Why don't you take a course at the Zanerian ?
line. Keep sending your work in regularly. I like your May work. J. S., Minn. — Your paper is better. Let me suggest something:
H. C. B Pa.- Your movement exercises are fine. Give more Make all your loop letters shorter; don't slant quite as much;
and make all downward strokes straight and firm to the li'ne.
,

time to word and sentence practice. Also, tr3' to write a trifle

smaller. Let me have more sentence work next time. Work for uniformity of slant and height.
J. F. B., Kan.— I like your small letter work — the downward J. A. S. — Make your minimum letters a trifle smaller. I would
strokes are straight and clean to the line. How would you like to suggest that ^-ou use black ink. Pa3' more attention to downward
write a trifle lighter? Come again. Cards are quite good. strikes- make them straight and firm to the line. I like your
work.
C. H. B., Maine.— You get a 'swing" to your writing that I
like. I suggest that you write a trifle smaller. Also, get your ink T. J. S., la. — I would suggest that ^'ou leave off shaded strokes
in better condition — it doesn't seem to flow right in Uiaking some in your business writing, and get more free arm movement into
letters. Send more work next time. 1 do not return specimens. small writing. Your writing is legible but it lacks movement.
W. A. B., Calif.— Am pleased with your work. I counted the D. H. vS., Mass. — You must cultivate a lighter touch of the pen
number of figures 3'ou had written on two sheets and there were to the paper, and get more movement into your writing. Ac-
5,616. You are doing a lot of good practice work. quire a light, free arm movement.
E. L. C, \. C— I see improvement in your business writing. J. N. S., la. — Your work is good, and you seem to have a good
Don't make capitals quite so big. You do quite well with shaded movement. Now work for accuracy' in height, slant, etc.
writing. Make your shades clean and sharp. Study harmony of E. J. S., Wis. — You deserve a good deal of credit for the work
combining capitals— lines should cross each other at right angles. 3'ou are doing. I received your work, but of course I do not return

S. O.C la.— Your movement exercises are about as nearly

perfect as 1 have ever seen. You ouglit to give more time to letter,
it. Let me
suggest that you make all downward strokes in writ-
ing more nearly straight to the line. Be careful not to niake loops
word and sentence practice. 1 think your ink is too glossy. below the line so long. Keep up your practice. Send more work.
M, C, Mass.— Your movement seems good. Be more careful in J. F. N.. Del. — Try to write lighter. Spend more time on fig-
ending words with the right upward curve. Let me have more of ures. Work for a light, free movement. Keep up faithful practice.
your practice next time. —
E. F. B,, R. I. You had better practice more on rapid move-
C. S. C-, Ohio.— I appreciate your letter. I see a little improve- ment exercises. Your line is a little shakj-. Center your atten-
ment in lightness of line. Don't feel discouraged. You'll master tion on the muscle in front of the elbow and then drive the pen
it all right. Another year will mt^an a great deal to you. Keep on more freely.
working for a lighter line and the free arm movement. O. C. C, Mo. — Do not make downward strokes heavy. Practice
W. H. C-, R. I.— I like your downward strokes — they are for a light, free arm movement. Your small letters are uneven in
straight and firm to the line- Try writing a trifle smaller. Also height and on the line. Work to write more accurate.
work for accuracy. Your movement seems good. M. X. F., la. You are improving. Work for a smooth line bo-
H. L. D.. Kan. — Glad you intend to remain on the farm during using a free, light movement. Write a little smaller.
the summer. By so doing you will be in good condition to begin E. E. W., N.J -You are doing nicely. Try to keep vour writing
your work at The Zanerian in September. Success to you. 1 am
' - -
in height *

interested in your future. Accuracy of writi g IS what

W. D., la —I think you are doing well. Bring dov ard use a free I'ement.
strokes in your writltig clean and straight to the line. Hue T. J. S 1. — Now you are dc ng better work. Don't raise pen
again with more work. rds- keep letters c< anected. Get a free swing to the
M. N. F., la. -Since last September I think you liave ade niovenien making capitals.
considerable improvement. Uon't let your free arm moi ent E. \V„ J. — Get more free movement into making capitals
w^eaken. Work for a smooth, clean line. Also, try to keep small letters ev en on the base 1 ne. Watch this
O. G., N. Y. — You need to practice a great deal on movement You are doing well. Send more work.
exercises. Practice on the exercises in the September number. F.dlowing from Elliott's Bu-iness School, W^heeli ;r. W. Va..
Movement is what you need now. Send more work. J.F. Caskey, teacher of penmanship:
M. J. K., III. — Your mov^enient exercises are good, also your R. I. W.— I think your loop letters are a trifle too long. Study
figures. Try to get a light, free movement in j'our writing, so as figures 6 and 4. Ending strokes might be a trifle shorter.
to tlirow out nervous lines. Your form is good, but you need to E. U. — I see improvement in 3'our work. Practice more on
put more movement to it. figures. I should not make ending strokes quite so long.
C. K., Pa.— Am well pleased with your work. You are receiv- E- W. S. — Practice more on small letters and the figures. You
ing good instruction in penmanship. Let nie see more word and get a smooth, clear line.
sentence practice next time.
H.W, N. — I think you ought to give the figures more attention.
E. W. M., Minn. — Your April work is considerable better than Let me have more word and sentence practice next time.
your March work. Work for accuracy in small letter writing. Be
careful in ending each word with the right upward curve. — I would suggest that you make the capital letters a
B. H.
trifle smaller, and practice more on figures.
R. N., Mo. — I see considerable improvement in yourwork since
September. In all your writing try to bring the downward strokes M. H. — You have gained considerable in movement exercises.
clean and straight to the line. Wntch this. Next time let me have more work in words, sentences and figures.
S. A. P., R. I. —You must try to write more rapidly so as to do J. C. F.— Don't make your capitals quite so large, also make
away with nervous, shaky lines. Work for uniform height and loop letters a trifle shorter. Send more work in sentences and
slant of small letters. figures next time.
B. F. P Ore.— Am glad you are trying to become a good pen-
, G. J E. You are laying a good foundation in movement.
man during spare moments. Make your small letters a trifle That's right. Later, then, you will be able to apply movement to
smaller, and make all downward strokes straight and firm to the writing. Keep the good work up.
line. Try to end each word with the right curve.
M. B. — I see a great improvement in your work. Next time
C. A. P.,Ind.-Your ink is black, muddy like, which akes let me have more work in words, sentences and figures. Keep the
3'our writing too heavv. Please remedy this. Make all dow good w^ork up.
strokes straight to the line. Watch this.
G. H. P.,R. I -I like the form of your letters — they are well
W. B. — You have a niimni^th good movement. Do you iake made. Now get more free arm movement to your writing. Of
the big exercises without sliding the arm? Study tigure 4. course this comes through practice.
 .^^^u4/n^U^(^/iu^iifr* ^
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Cessons '\\\ Practical IDriting

Pawtucket, K. I.
Students' Speci-
Kinyou's mens criticised
"oininercial cliroutjl. the
School. B. E.

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Tntroductiott
I called at a prominent business office some few months ago and, during the conversation, the manager informed me that lie
intended dropping one of his clerks. I inquired the reason, and this is what he said: "1 want some one whom I can trust to do
one thing right without being looked after continually," and I find this the universal request. I happened to know of some one just
at the time who could do one thing well and I immediately secured the position for that student. As you read this, do you not
consider that this is a chance to do one thing well? The ability to write a strong business hand is surely a great requisite in the
business field, and tlie call seems to be increasing.
It seems to me the greatest hindrance to a person's success is tlie continual changing from one thing to aiaother, not stickitig
to one thing until it is finished. Have a fixed purpose! If you are stuilying penmanship, stick to penmansiiip until you iiave
mastered it. A little work now and then does very little good, and as a general rule, interest is soon lost. Believe that you can do
a thing and you will.
Another word before you turn to the lesson. Will you not give me a portion of your time each month and send me a copy of
the complete lesson, written in j-our very best hand, after you have practiced on the lesson awhile?
I shall be pleased to answer all the questions you would like to ask in regard to spacing, inks, pens, etc. Now for the work 1

Plate 12 — Here we have some movement exercises again, a review somewha he other lessons. This should be practiced
the free muscular movement, being careful to keep the hand in position, as the ig muscles are now being formed. Let the arm
slide in and out of the sleeve easily. Do not let the fingers move. Reiiienihe t the two smaller nails must slide on the paper

Practice every dav.

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Plate 13— Just at this time these small exercises should be practiced more or less every day, until the muscles become accustomed
todoing finer work. This plate should be practiced diligently, in fact much of your future writing depends upon the attention and
time you give to this exercise. Try and make it as even as possible. The slide motion at the top is to aid in writing words and
prevents the hand from becoming cramped.

F
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Plate 14— It is uow time we gave a little attention to figures. No matter how enthusiastic we have become over writing, we must
not neglect these. Keep at them until you can make them easily and accurately. The 7 and U should extend below the base line.
The two down strokes on the 4 should be parallel, and not too wide; the last stroke should be a little higher than the first, and
only one-quarter of its length extending below the second stroke. Retrace the large figures seven times until you have a correct
form in your mind. Make several pages of these and send me your best.

Plate IS— Before trying the k. start on the principles as they are given in Line One. Xumber /, iward curve, number 2
straight stroke. The last principle is in a class all by itself. Join these three and we have the small k. rry several pages of the
three A- 's together. The cross stroke on the top of the three n's helps a little in getting an easy swing.
In-line number Two we have wide spacing, while in Line Three the base stroke is shortened. Be careful not to lose uniformity
and space in shortening. A good practice is to retrace each down stroke seven times as in the first word on Line Three., Work
hard on this plate.

Plate l6~Notice the first small ) is dotted so that you may see its relation to the small i. It is crossed on the base line. The
down stroke is practically straight. Notice the angle form at the finish of the second stroke. Remember that the inside of letters
must be examined as well as the outside. The two down strokes on the j' are on the same slant. Do not extend the loops more
f^mn one-half space below the base line, for if you do they will conflict with the next line- Write this plate over many times, as the
letters must be mastered as you go along.
 ^^^3^u^/n^dy^dfu^iiG7^ ^

Plate 17— The small s is composed of three principles which you will notice on the first line. Each starts with the inward
curve and finishes with the inward curve. The second principle is in a class all by itself and must be mastered before it can be
joined to the others with good results. You will notice the small t is introduced here. Care must be taken in the crossing of the
f as a careless cross will surely spoil the whole line. This plate represents some good solid workT Be sure and send me a copy of
this complete lesson for criticism by the 5th of each month. The B. E. not being published during July and August, the work need
not reach me until August 5 for the September number.
R. C. C, lud. —You have a good idea of form. Practice oval a fine penman. Please send your work often. Bring retrace
work movement. The writing is a little cramped.
t^ get a free directly back on small w.
Send a specimen You can win a certificate.
to Mr. Zaner.
L.E. A., South Bend. You have a fine movement. Do not
J. J. H., R. I. — Your ovals are good. Try for a lighter stroke. retrace principles on m
and n. Watch forii
Watch small H carefully, and do not retrace last stroke. Win a letters same height and You can sureU
size.
certificate.
J. M. S., R. L- Your work shows great talent. Practice nuich
L. E. A., Ind. — You have a fine movement. Write a little on the exercise work to obtain a free and easy line. Make lines
slower and studv form carefully. Make principles of ni, n and 11 lighter.
same height and do not retrace the strokes. Tiie second stroke of
ir should tiot be retraced. Try for better oval work. You have tlie A. B. P.. N. Y. — There is a decided iprovement in your work
making of a penman, and can surely win a certificate. thismonth. Practice on the small c ar watch finishing stroke of
words. Keep up the exercise work. Y* are doing good work.
A. B., La Valle., Wis. — You can become a good penman. Try
for a firmer line. Your form is good. Follow lessons carefully. A. M. H Ohio. — Glad to receive vour work. Makeovals closer.
,

Send specimen to Mr. Zaner. Try for a lighter stroke. Last part of ir one-half space. Strike the
blue line every time. Come again.
M. K., Chicago. Your exercises compare with the best.
J.
Touch the base line every time on the down strokes. Do not re- B K., R. L— What you need most is good, solid work. Practice
trace principles of ni and 72; last principle of »- one-half space. mucii on exercise work. Try for a firmer stroke. Bring retrace on
Your writing is very promising and should surely win a certificate. small »' directly back. See if you can send ine at least twenty
pages next month.
0. M., Rufus, — Movement exercises are better. Work hard on
plate fl. Do not shorten the finishing stroke of words. Small r L. H. F., Wis. — Your exercise work is very good. Practice for
not sharp at base line and not so wide. Last part of one-half w a lighter stroke. Perhaps a finer pen would help. Do not retrace
space. Keep the good work up. 7J/, 11, 11 and jr.
principles of Make last half of w one-half space.
You have the making of a fine penman. Come again and try for a
A. N. B., Toronto. — Am
glad you are trying for a certificate. I certificate.
suggest paper about nine inches wide. Try for a straight down
stroke on small letters, especially on i and J. Get all principles J. A. T., Nev. — Your movement exercises compare with the
the same heiglit and slant. Keep up the exercise work. You best. You seem to get more finger movement in your writing.
do well. Watch the foundation of letters carefully. Practice each plate
thoroughly and you will be surprised at the result.
E. B., R. I. —
Your work is much better this time. Try and get
F. N. T.. N. Y, — You have the making of a fine penman and are
letters same height and touch the base line every time. Hard
work will make you a writer. on the road for a certificate. Your ovals are good. The retrace on
the ir should not be quite so heavy. Come again,
S. A. p., R. I. — Eleven pages of nice work. No special criti-
cisms. Come again. R. C. Bertini, W, Va. Your oval work is very good. Do not
retrace principles of ni and 11. The last stroke of tlie \r is one-half
E. L. Wis. — Your exercise work is good.
B., Try for a free space. Get letters same size and slant. You are doing well and
movement on the letters. Watch form carefully. Do not retrace can surely earn a certificate.
principles of tu and n. Come again.
C. C. W., R. L — Your ovals are better, but they need more time.
1. E. G.,R. I. — Your work is improving. You still retrace this Send in several pages of each plate each month. Make letters
principles of zn, n, a and ii. If you keep the work up you will win same size. Get all down strokes on same slant.
a certificate.
E. E. W.,
M. E. L.. R. L — Your work stronger this month. Try for a
is work is good,
lighter line. Not so much slant. Do not retrace principles of a trifle higher.
small u.
E. L- K., R.I, — You need much practice on oval work. Do not
G. D., Conn. — Pleased to receive your work; nineteen pages, get sharp strokes on small ir at the bottom. All down strokes on
all good. Do not retrace principles of tu, n and w; last part of same Work hard and you will get there.
slant.
w one-half space. Send specimens to Mr. Zaner and try for a
T. G., Memphis —You need a great deal of practice on oval
certificate.
work. Make letters higher and narrower. Watch form carefully.
E. L. C, N. C. — You have a fine movement and the making of I suggest a fine pen. Cross -ron down stroke. Keep it up.

MASTEKFUL BUSINESS CAPIT.\LS BY THE INIJIITABLK F, B. COL'KTNEY.

 (El^e IPinning of a ^air ^anb
A SCRIPT SERIAL IN TEN NUMBERS. No. Two.

South Framingham. Mass.

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Equal spacing of letters and uniform spacing of words are other essentials to page writing. Naturally a
wider space is allowed between words than parts of words; a wider space between sentences than between
words, and a wider tTinr-i-i fir tlie beginning of a paragraph than the usual page margin.
 f^^3Bu4/ned^^if/iu^i/i>^^ ^
movement nonsense. down and discourages, while consid- Cet Us I)ave Vour Jlid.
erable is necessary to encourage and
Writing, good writing, a matter build up a practical hand.
is
Unless you give as much time to
Sometime during June or July the
of form cnid movement. The former President (C. P. Zaner, Columbus,
without the latter is draining, and movement as to form, and a great
deal more space to the former than O.), Vice President (F. B. Virden,
the latter without the former is soib- Chicago, Chicago Business College).
to the latter, you'd better not bother
btiug. The two must be blended or
the product is not practical writing
with movement at all, but go on with General Secretary (J. C. Walker,
the old, excessive finger action. And Michigan Business College, Detroit,
inasmuch as it is either slow and
cramped or scrawling. unless you know the difference be- Mich.), Chairman of the Executive
In the teaching of writing, move-
tween scribbling and genuine prac- Committee (J. A. Stephens, Chicago,
tice, you'd do well to quit teaching
ment is very often overdone by move- Metropolitan Business College), J. F.
ment enthusiasts, too much time writing until you learn.
Movement is as necessary as form, Fish, Chicago, Northwestern Busi-
being given to exercises, and too ness College, and E. W. Spencer,
little to letters, words, and sentences.
and unless taught correctly, it is as
disastrous in results as it is to teach Milwaukee, Spencerian Business
This is sometimes carried so far that
pupils practice ovals, etc., with a the wrong form. College, of the National Commercial
vigorous arm movement, and then L'et us have more intelligence Teachers' Federation expect to meet
go back to the finger movement exerted upon the art of teaching in Chicago to formulate the prelimi-
when words and sentences are given form and movement in the art of nary plans for the program and gen-
or required. learning to write well. The day of eral meetings of the Federation next
This reminds us of the way we were the haphazard ought to be a thing of December.
taught grammar many years ago, the past. Let us make it so in our Anyone of the above will be pleased
and would seem sometimes in some
it
calling by brinj^ing to bear upon the to hear from you personally in the
places that the method is still in ex- subject of teaching writing our most meantime as to when you should like
istence, wherein we studied the parts intelligent, practical, conscientious to have the meetings "held, what you
of speech, parsed, diagramed, etc., efforts. Let us enlighten as well as should like to see done, whom you
but never suspected that it was ex- criticise. The average public school should like to see on the program,
pected that we should put into prac- teacher is not indifferent simply dis-
;
what topics you should like to have
tice the results of our study. couraged and helpless. discussed, etc.
Movement sometimes so pre-
is
We shall try to be of use. Now don't put it off or expect the
sented and so divorced from writing other fellow to do the planning and
that it never seems to find its way in- writing, but do it yoinself and do il
to the finalproduct — actual writing. noiv. Let us have your counsel now
Unless movement is applied to so that we may have then the largest
letters,then words, and finally to and best meeting ever held.
sentences, each in its turn, either the Fraternally,
movement itself in the form of exer- C. P. Zaner.
cises is not of the right sort, or some
one of the important links of the
chain is omitted with the inevitable Contents
failure as a result. Too frequently Of tbe Professional Department of the
pupils are expected to jump from an June Business Educator:
oval exercise to a sentence. There
must be perfect correlation of form Associ.\tp: Editor's Page.
and movement through the mediums
of exercises, principles, letters, Commercial Geography, Frank O.
letter-exercises, words, and sentences Carpenter, Boston.
or but partial success or total failure
will result. Business English, Sherwin Cody,
Then there is another element or Chicago.
phase of the movement question now
manifesting itself in our public Commercial Law, Wm. C. Sprague,
school system, and consequently in Detroit.
some systems of copy books. It
consists of giving a little dab of Mr. L. K. Not>le, whose portrait appears Typewriting, Stella M. Smith,
movement here, and a little dab there, above, is a Pennsylvania product, having Boston.
usually a retrace oval (direct and been born in Taylorstown. His early edu-
indirect) with full fledged and com- cation was gained in the public schools of Mathematics, E. E. Kent, Spring-
Taylorstown and Claysville. After com-
plex writing in the form of sentences pleting his High School education, he at-
field, Mass.
preceding or following and some- tended Michael's Business University,
times both. In other words, the Logansport. Ind. For a short time after In Memoriam, J. Clifford Kennedy.
exercises are so simple, small, and graduating, he acted in the capacity of
scarce that they accomplish but one assistant teacher. He then organized In Memoriam, A. S. Fries.
thing— they spoil the writing. They classes in penmanship and rapid calcula-
He then Report of Central Commercial
cannot build or strengthen the pro- tion in several Indiana towns.
duct—they can weaken, and do so taught in the Logansport Commercial High Teachers' Association, Omaha.
School, and Peru, Ind., Business College,
not infrequently. having managed the last named institution History of Penman, A. H. Hinman.
A vertical superintendent, whose for two years. The next year he worked for
idea of writing_ is that it is an easy a number of wholesale houses in Chicago The American Commercial Schools
thing (and it is as a drawing non- in the capacity of bookkeeper, invoice clerk, Institution.
entity) remarked, when examining etc., for the purpose of gaining practical
our form and movement theory and knowledge as an aid in teaching (he com Biography, H. W. West.
practice, that we were making a very mercial i)ranches We next find him teach-
ing in the Wheeling, W. Va., Business Col- The Office Appliance and Business
simple thing a very difficult one, lege. During his sun mer vacation he
simply because we sandwitched an attended the Zanerian, wl.ere he met Miss Systems Show of Chicago.
exercise between nearly every form Hudson, now Mrs. Noble. A year was spent
or sentence. in Macon and Atlanta, Ga., as principal of Biography, L. F. Noble,
He, like many more, doesnot know the Lanier Southern Business College. He
how much practice is necessary upon is now principal of the Franiingham Busi- Cataloc^s and Circulars.
movement exercises in order to learn ness College, So. Framingham, Mass.
It will thus be seen that Mr. Xoble has Interesting News Items,
to write practically. It is a case of a had a varied and valuable experience. Few
Utile movement being practically there areof Mr. Noble's years who have had News Notes and Notices,
worse than >io movement, because a such an e.xtensiveand practical preparation
little movement practice only tears for his chosen work as comniercisl teacher. Etc,
 .M^^u4/neU/^/iu^i^ ^
Fuller was editor of the Benn Pit-
Unnouncements. .^sr^S^^^tea:, '^^"°'==^'?*-
. man Department of the Phonographic
World, and years he has been a
for
Our plans for next year prolific contributor to the Phon9-
n«Kt year insure for our thousands graphic Magazine. In short, he is
of readers a far better regarded everywhere, by practical
journal than we have been able to shorthand reporters, as well as by
give them this year, excellent though the foremost teachers, as one of the
this vear's product' is said to have best instructors in his special field
been.' It has been our purpose, from to be found in this country. We are
the beginning, to have no standing of Chicago, working under the direc-
tion of Col. Francis Parker, an inter-
proud of our success in obtaining
still, to move continually toward an Mr. Fuller's consent to join our staff
ideal. The result is ple'nty of hard national figure in educational life
for next year.
work, for men of the ability to meet for three or four years she has been
at the head of the English depart-
For three years we have
our standard are very busy men maintained admittedly
always, as men of worth invariably ment of the Gregg School, and has iS!?!.1?fIui?'
eeograpby
been continually writing on the ^^^ y^^^^ Department of
are everywhere. Of course there are Commercial Geography foundto be
many who would be glad to contrib- subject of practical English, with
exceptional felicity, in "The Gregg in any educational journal in the
ute to our columns for the reputa- United States, and we are glad to
tion derived therefrom, but we feel Writer," a well-known "system"
magazine that circulates widely say that Mr. F. O. Carpenter, who
that every reader of these pages is staff editor of this de-
much too busv to spend time on any- among shorthand teachers. We are has been the
highly pleased that we are able now partment for two years, will continue
thing that is 'written merely for ad- to write for our readers, though,
vertising purposes, that does not to bring Mrs. Effinger-Raymond's
effective work to the attention of a because of new plans, with conse-
have in it the meat of usefulness. It quent increase of labor that has
therefore becomes annually a more somewhat different class of readers,
teachers and students who need the already become exceedingly burden-
difficult task to complete plans for some, Mr. Carpenter will not under-
the succeeding year's staff of contrib- corrective and suggestive influence
of a clear and forceful teacher of take to write for each number. A
utors. To those who are interested monthly review of current literature,
in the law, and to those who read the English, quite as much as it is needed
by those who teach and who write setting forth in classified form, con-
May installment of Mr. Sprague's venient for mounting on cards, the
department, our April announcement shorthand. This department will be
open, under its editor's direction, to subjects that are of special interest
that we had engaged this distin- to teachers of Commercial Geography,
guished writer and teacher for next questions and discussions of general
policies or spcGific methods, in the will be presented each month by Miss
year, came as a delightful surprise. Laura E. Home, of Beverly, Mass.,
We predict that more presentation 'of English, and Mrs.
Effinger-Raymond will welcome one of the best special teachers of
Eaw interesting and fresh legal this subject in the East.
information will be gleaned troublesome little questions of
_

grammatical construction, discrimi- has been a

There
by all our readers, from this series of Boohkeepina de-
well-sustained
practical talks on various phases of nation in the choice of words, rules
for improvement in the effective out- mand
for a series of
the law, than has ever been drawn articles on the teaching of Book-
from any paper or series of articles lining, development, and exposition
We have of themes; in short, anything that keeping for a Department of Book-
;

in a similar publication. We
have decided, there-
had some excellent articles on this will be serviceable to her large new keeping.
class of willing, ambitious students. fore, to maintain such a department
subject in these pages, in the past,
more to do with the The excellent work next year. That the standard of our
but they had departmental work may not be
matter more or less familiar to every Cypewritina done by Miss Stella
through his text- Smith, of Simmons lowered,we have engaged Mr. S. S.
commercial teacher, Hookland to handle the work for the
books but much of Mr. vSprague's College, Boston, during the current
;

year, and the widespread interest first half of the year. Many of our
writing will be from the angle of the readers will remember the splendid
lavman, with a style and perspicuity that has been manifested in this de-
partment, make it imperative that we Department of Office Practice con-
that makes sustained interest certain.
continue the work. Much to our re- ducted in this magazine two years
If you have suggestions to give to
Sprague regarding these gret, conditions have made it incon- ago by Mr. Hookland. He was then
Mr.
venient for Miss Smith to continue at the head of the advanced book-
"Talks," write him freely (Wm. C. keeping work Banks' Business
Sprague, Detroit, Mich.) but do not her work with us next year, and in
therefore, since we could not take a College, one of the largest private
expect him to answer legal questions. He
man do backward step, we have engaged schools in the United States.
He is far too busy a to that.
has just been chosen principal of the
It is everywhere in the air Mr. J. K. Fuller, of Goldey College,
Wilmington, Del., to have charge of commercial department of Highland
Enalisb that there is about to be a
renaissance in the attitude our department of typewriting next Park College, Des Moines, oneof the
year. finest private normal schools in this
of commercial schools toward the
country. There he will have even a
foundational subject of English — Mr. Fuller is the principal of the
shorthand and tvpewriting depart- broader field than he had in Philadel-
practical English. Our position on
ment of Goldey College and the as- phia for the exercise of his conspic-
this subject is well known. We count
sociate principal of the school. He uous ability as an organizer and
ourselves most fortunate, therefore,
is a member of both the Pennsylvania teacher of bookkeeping and account-
in being able to announce that Mrs.
Shorthand Reporters' Association ing. He is the associate author of
Frances-Effinger-Raymond, of the
and of the National Shorthand Re- one of the most practical and effective
Ciregg School, Chicago, will have
porters' Association. He is the texts on bookkeeping that is before
charge ofour Department of Com- the public, and he is everywhere ad-
mercial English during the coming author of a well-known text-book on
touch typewriting, published by the mitted to be in the very van of prog-
year.
outspoken Phonographic Institute Co., Cincin- ress as an instructor. Look for some-
Ever since her clear,
thing interesting and helpful right
stand against the sophistical argu- nati. As a verbatim stenographer he
has reported some of our foremost from the beginning, and practice the
ment of a well-known commercial Golden Rule in bringing these various
school manager, at the Milwaukee speakers, and is an assistant to the
official court stenographer in Wil- facts to the attention of your friends
convention of the National Commer-
cial Teachers' Federation, Mrs. mington. Of Mr. Fuller as a short- among commercial teachers and
hand teacher, the late David Wolfe commercial students who intend to
Effinger-Raymond has been regarded,
by those who know of her work, as Brown, then Official Shorthand Re- become teachers.
porter in the House of Representa- No more interesting
one of the foremost teachers of prac- and really helpful work
tical commercial English to be found tives, Washington, D. C, said: "I Hritbtnetie
do not know of anyone engaged in has been given in these
in this countrv. She has a college
foi years she was shorthand teaching in whom I have columns than that presented this
training;
instructors in the greater confidence as an instructor." year by Mr. E. E. Kent, who has had
one of the {Continued on page 25)
famous Cook County Normal School, For more than three years Mr.
 .^^^Bu^^meU^ftuai^ ^
All power, but electricity, is meas-
— : ".--" .
'
'

T :
7^1 ured by horse-power. Electricity has
its own names and terms :

Volt=electric pressure or intensity.

DEPARinENT OF Ampere shows the quantity of
current.
Watt=measure of power. One
(£ommerciaI (5cograpt?y ampere of electricity at a one-volt
pressure=one Watt.
FRANK O. CARPENTER. 746 Watts=one horse power.
Power is used in the world in four
ways :

1. In producing raw material. This

is usually man and animal power,
except in mining where machin-
iJ 2.
ery is used.
In machinery used in manufac-
Power Energy appears the
in forms of
heat, mechanical energy, chemical turing or otherwise. Man and
energy, electricity. When these are animal power are used at times,
but man is needed usually only
One very striking diiference be- in action they are called heat power,
to direct the machine.
tween a savage and a civilized man mehaniccal jjower, chemical power, -
3. Transportation by sea and land.
is in their ability to make use of the electric power.
forces of nature. The savage de- Energy' cannot be destroyed or
May be man, animal, steam, elec-
tricity, etc.
pends almost entirely upon the hu- used up^ The energy in the universe
4. In lighting and heating. Elec-
man strength of himself and nis is always the same in amount. It is
tricity only.
fellows. The civilized man uses his either stored or active, and one form
human strength very little. He has will always produce the other form XATUR.^L FORCES
made himself master of many natural and is never produced by any other If light, wind, water and muscle
forces and they do his work for him, force. So the law of IConservation of always did their work surely and
while he merely directs their action. Energy states that: "Stored or regularly, other force would be less
This age is sometimes called the Potential energy, set free, produces needed. There are times, however,
"Age of Machinery," and the count- Kinetic or active energj-, and Kinetic when local conditions govern, as :

less machines of all kinds that, with energy in motion always results in a. Where human labor is abund-
unerring precision, and sometimes storing up Potential energy some- ant and cheap, as in Asia, muscu-
with seemingly human intelligence, where." So the Kinetic energy sent lar man-power will often compete
work for man and his needs, would to the earth from the sun ages ago with machinery. The building of
warrant the name. But these myriad exists in the coal as Potential energy. the pyramids of Egypt is an ex-
machines, with all their wonderful Gunpowder is stored up, or potential, ample.
efficiency, would be idle and useless chemical energy. b. Animal power is convenient
but for the force which drives them. When energy is exerted as power in because animals are cheap and
This force or energj' we call power, a machine, the resistance is of two can be used for power and for
and it is used to express the entire kinds called ?/.«•/«/ ii'0)k SiXiA lost work. other uses.
force used and also the amountof Useful work gives the results de- c. Wind power, where wind blows
that force which a particular machine sired. Lost work is due
to friction regularly, as in Holland, and
can use or can exert in doing work and other causes. The efficiency of wind-mills are common.
of any kind. a machine depends upon the ratio of d. Water power, when water can
Work is the overcoming of resist- useful to lost work. be conveniently stored in reser-
ance through space. All energy on the earth is due to voirs and in swift streams.
Work is done when a body is moved the heat or" energy coming from the
or lifted against the force of gravity sun. The force as it comes from the A 1. .M.^N POWER
in any direction. All atoms of matter sun through space is of one kind, or In half civilized races and among
attract each other. This attraction form, but it manifests itself on earth the lowest classes of civilized
is called the force of gravity. It acts in four ways or forms: nations, most of the work is done
just as steadily upon the jjlanets as A. The muscular energy of men by human labor. This labor applied
upon the apple, which by its falling, and animals. to the soil is always severe and wear-
led the great philosopher, Newton, B. The energy of wind and flow- ing. The peasants shown in the
to study the laws of nature that made ing water. paintings of Millet, like the Angelus,
it Whenever work is done,
fall. C. The energy of fuels. are good examples of the effect of
motion produced. As the attrac-
is D. The energy of electricity. heavy manual labor. In spite of this,
tion of mass of the earth is
the These are known as man-power, over a large part of the earth, hurnan
greater than any other force upon us, animal power, wind and water power, labor is used in this way. With sim-
we understand, commonly, the force power of coal, gas, etc. ple hand instruments men dig, plant
of gravity to be the pull of bodies Power in A and B is wholly or and reap the cereals and textile fibres
toward the earth only. Work is done partly under the control of man by hand. They cut down the trees
then when we act against that force, directly. Power in C and D are con- and quarry the'stone by hand power.
as in lifting a weight and the unit ; trolled by man only, by the aid of They gather the grapes, olives and
of work by which we measure all machinery. other fruits and vegetables by hand,
power, is the force exerted in lifting Man-power of a strong man=the and do a thousand varied forms of
one pound to a distance of one foot. pounds to a height of one
lifting of 50 labor by hand.
This is called a foot-pound, and foot in one second. Human endur- Man works at first with bare hands,
the power of man, animal, or engine ance, in healthy man, depends on the unaided, then with tools or instru-
is estimated by the number of foot- action of the heart which beats in ments, then by machines propelled
pounds they can raise in one second 24 hours 106,000 times. This is equal by human power, as push cart men
or one minute. to lifting 122 tons one foot high. in cities, the jinriksha men in Japan,
Energy is the ability to do work. A "Horse-power" is the world or the Sedan chair in use in India
It is the force of the universe used by standard, or measure, of power. An and elsewhere, borne by porters.
man. It is of two kinds: Potential "effective" horse power is the force 2. ANIMAL POWER
energj'=the force stored up in a body which will raise 33,000 pounds one
which can be exerted to do ^yo^k — as foot in one minute. This is called Men first tamed animals for food
water in a reservoir Kinetic energy
; 33,000 foot-pounds. purposes and reared their herds.
—
=that force in action as water from An ordinary horse will lift 21,000 The larger animals are stronger than
the reservoir which turns the water foot-pounds; an ox, 11,000; a man in men, and early man soon began to
wheel and drives the machinery. rowing hard, 4,000; a man turning a wish to use this great, brute strength
Potential energy is reserve power. crank, 2,600 (=,S of one horse-power). as a help in his work. His first at-
Kinetic energy is power in action. A strong man=|Jj of a horse power. tempt was to tie the animal to the
 M^^ud/ned^^OiMafr ^
crooked stick he used to break the cog-wheel (or "gear") mounted tunnels, would be impossible but for
soil, thus bringing the first plow in- on a vertical shaft. To this shaft the use of compressed air, which
to existence. The later use of ani- a horizontal pole fastened. The
is keeps the water, mud, silt, etc. out of »

mals was only a question of time and animal is attached to this pole and the caissons or tunnels where the
experiment. travels in a circle, pulling the pole men are at work.
Animals were used early for riding and turning the gear to which the Hot air is used successfully to
and as pack animals, a use that is machines are connected. Small drive small engines. These are used
the chief one today. sugar cane crushing mills, small to pump up water for irrigation.
Next, animals are used to turn long grist mills (i. e., grinding mills)
WATER POWER
cranks by walking in a circle, as in for corn, oats, etc., cotton gins,
brick yards in mixing clay. Another the clay-mixing or pug mills in The power from water is due to the
method of using animals is to have brick yards, and small oil mills are fact that the water is " falling water '

the animal walk on a movable plat- examples of the use of animal or flowing water. There are two
form which turns the machinery. gears. kinds of these engines a. Rotary :

Animals draw vehicles, as carts, A traveling platform is made of and b. Reciprocating.

horse-cars, etc. In some countries two endless chains passing over Rotary water motors are of three
men harness themselves and work wheels, which bear strips of plank kinds: L Water wheels. 2. Tur-
with animals, as in Holland and on which the animal stands. These bines. 3. Motors.
France, where men or women and are put on a slant so that the weight A water wheel revolves in a verti-
dogs often drag the- carts, working of the animal tends to make the cal plane on a horizontal axis, usu-
together. platform slide backward and turn ally in the open air. The kinds of
The animals used as beasts of work the wheels. The animal, in order water wheels are
and burden are the horse, ox, mule, to keep his balance, walks forward \. Undershot wheel=those where
ass, reindeer, dog, elephant, and , and the power is obtained by join- the water flows under the wheel,
camel. All of these but the dog are ing the platform wheels to the as in a stream.
used as riding animals, i. e., for machines. This power is often 2. Overshot wheel=those where
transportation of men on the ani- used to run threshing machines, the water is carried over the top
mal's back. small circular saws for cutting fire- of the wheel and, in falling on the
Animals today are used : wood, light lathes, etc. paddles, turns the wheel.
1. For riding, and to draw passen- Animals are also used in lifting The use of water w-heels is ancient.
gers and freight. water for irrigation, by means of The first used were, probablv, under-
2. To propel machinery, either the Noria, or bucket pump. shot wheels, =wheels put into run-
movable, as a harvester, or fixed, ning streams in such a way that the
B. AIR POWER flowing water pushed the under edge
as a clay-mixing machine.
1. Animals used tor riding. .\ir isthe most common of things of the wheel. Later, men learned to
Animals like the horse, mule, and when in motion, as wind, offers dig a narrow channel called a flume,
may be ridden bareback, a power that costs nothing and re- to convey water from the stream to
etc.,
quires but little niechanism to use it. the mill and use it for overshot
though a saddle is generally used.
Wind is used to propel boats
Larger animals, like the elephant
a. wheels. The channel by which the
or camel, are difficult to ride with-
and ships at sea, which gives the water reaches the wheel, is called the
out a special saddle or howdah. In
cheapest kind of transportation. "head race." After the water has
horseback riding, men do not get the Wind propulsion for vehicles on turned the wheel, it escapes to the
full strength of the horse devoted to
land has no commercial use or stream in a channel called the "tail-
value. The flying machine or air- race."
moving forward. A large part of it ship is no longer an idle dream,
is used up in supporting the weight
Water wheels are not so powerful
of the rider. To remedy this car- though what its commercial value as turbines, but they can be simply
will be does not yet appear clearly. made in remote districts, from timber
riages were devised, at first, some-
thing like a sledge dragged along the
b. Wind power is applied to ma- only, if necessary.
chinery by means of a windmill, Turbines. A turbine is a water
ground. The invention of the wheel-
ed vehicle was a great step forward'
which is a simple and valuable wheel which revolves in a horizontal
Not only could an motor, where winds are common plane on a vertical axis. It is usually
in civilization.
animal draw a much heavier load and steady. Windmills are prac- enclosed in a box or case. Turbines
on wheels, but he could go at a tically used to pump water from are of four kinds :

wells'into reservoir tanks to drain Parallel=where the water flows

much greater speed. Later it was ;

land, as in Holland; to grind grain,

a.
found that a horse could draw a through the turbine vertically (i. e.,
as in France. parallel to its axis) and acts on
load still more easily on rails and
the railway was developed. The COMPRESSED AIR curved, inclined blades. The Jonval
horse car lines, fast becoming a Compressed air is used to transmit is the best type.
memory, and the tramways in power through long distances. The b. Inward ( radial )=where the water
mines for carrying the coal, ore, air is compiessed usually by a steam passes from the circumference in-
etc., are common examples. Steam engine or a water fall, and can be ward and strikes the vanes as a
and electric roads have not devel- sent long distances through pipes, tangent, and escapes at the " centre
oped the railroad idea except to where steam could not be carried, vent" as the Trent, Hercules, Vic-
furnish a substitute for the power, and compressed air at the end can be tor, etc.
i. e., the animal, and a popular used to run any kind of motor suited c. Outward (radial)=where the water
name for a locomotive is the " iron to steam. Compressed air is used flows from the center to the outside,
horse." The speed of a good sad- very much in mining operations, to as the Girard and Fourneyron.
dle horse or carriage horse is from haul the cars of ore, operate the rock The " inward radial " are the best.
seven to eight miles per hour of ; drills, etc. Compressed air is used Many American turbines combine
a strong draught horse, three also in stone cutting and in machine both b. and c. and are called
miles; of an ox, one and one-half shops and by its use a man
can do mixed turbines.
miles. Horses are used also to as much in an hour as in a day's Water motors of small size and
draw boats, as in towing canal work by hand. Large buildings, like power are made by using jets of
boats. those at the Chicago and St. Louis water driven against cups or vanes
2. .Animals used to pi opel machines. Fairs, are painted by driving the on the edge of the wheel. These do .

a. Movable machines are used most- paint in a fine spray through a com- their work very steadily and success-
ly in agricultural operations, for pressed air-brush (so-called). Large fully. The best of these is the type
which we have plows, harrows, hotels are cleaned by compressed air invented by Doctor Colton about
cultivators, planting machines, dust machines. The air brakes, re- 1880, a most valuable invention,
mowing machines, reapers. quired by law on all passenger trains, bought by speculators and for years
b. Fixed machines are run usually which save thousands of lives yearly, used only to cheat investors. The
in one of two ways, by using ani- are operated by compressed air. patents have expired and the public
mal gears or by a traveling plat- Many of our most wonderful feats can use it. Persons interested can
form. A " horse gear " consists of of engineering, as laying the foun- get a copy of the patent record for a
a frame containing a large, bevel. dation for bridge piers, and building few cents and make one at home, for
 M^3Bud/neU^^/iua/i7- ^
a few dollars, that will run a sewing C. The energy of fuels is obtained The prophet and seer declares that
machine, small lathe, etc. The Pel- by burning and is either used to heat the Lord shall come with power, and
ton also a well-known type.
is water and make steam or is turned he prays for divine power to aid him
Water power from a turbine is the into hot air, gas, etc., and is used in to teach the truth. The experience
cheapest mechanical power in com- that form in engines. This is the of mankind crystallizes into " Knowl-
mon use, and is used all over the principle of the modern gas and gas- edge is power." It is like the inscrip-
United States in all kinds of mills. oline engines so common in automo- tion on one of Portia's caskets :

The force in the rise and fall of the biles and motor boats today. " Who gaineth me, shall have what
tides many places is harnessed
in Gas may be used like steam to many men desire." There is a
and made to turn turbines. Water drive a piston. The modern engines quaint blessing and wish among the
pressure engines or " hydraulic are driven by a mixture of gas and Celts, " More power to ye," the origin
rams," are used much for pumping air or petroleum (or gasoline) vapor of which goes back to the old days
water for domestic uses. They work and air, which is first compressed, when the Druids built the massive
on a small stream with a few feet fall and then exploded, by an electric rock circles for their mystic rites.
and work day and night without spark from a battery, by direct flame Power is the expression among
attention, so long as the water runs. or a heated tube. men of the vital force and energy of
The vaporization and explosion of the universe, the divine fire of
STE.\M POWER petroleum oils is the most important ancient philosophies. The most
Steam is water heated until, at the rival of steam, at present, for elec- mighty ruler of the earth, the wisest
boiling point, 212° F., it turns into tricity is not yet sufficiently in con- scholar, the most famous hero, the
a gaseous form. Steam can not be trol for cheap, common use. The greatest souls among men all realize
seen, but as soon as it is exposed to general principle of these engines is that power is, after all, from outside
the air it condenses into the white this: themselves and the judgment of the
water vapor usually called steam. The oil is injected as fine spray sage ends like the child's prayer :

Steam is the motive power of the against a heated surface and turned
civilized world today. To use steam
" For Thine is the Power and the Glory,
into a vapor. This is next mixed with
two kinds of apparatus are required: air and, third, the mixture is exploded
Through the Ages of Ages. Amen."
1. A. boiler=a tank in which the and becomes a gas, which is then used
water is heated and steam produced in the engine as steam would be.
and, 2, an engine where the steam At every military post iir the United
D. ELECTRICITY
produces motion and power. States, at sunset, the troops on
Boilers are of many forms and Space forbids the suitable discus- parade salute the colors. The sun-
types but generally they are iron sion in this article of this most im- set gun sounds, the silken flag flashes
cylinders filled with tubes through portant power, and the editor plans red and blue and white in the sun-
which the hot air passes. To de- to discuss it later by itself. A few light, the golden stars blaze as the
scribe boilers and engipes in detail points must be noted, however :
flag is drawn down, the troops pre-
would require a special article. 1. Electricity will give everything sent arms —
and the day is ended.
Steam engines, in brief, are of two in the way of energy and force So to the editor comes the dutj', at
kinds : needed by man when it can be the close of another year, to salute
a. Reciprocating=those that use a obtained, and for convenience the flag, and his friends and readers,
piston which moves in a "back and effectiveness it surpasses all as the sunset colors glow. .Once
and forth" way and turns the others. more he thanks you for the kindly
fly wheel with a crank and 2. Its use for cars in lighting and appreciation of his work from month
b. Rotary=those in which the pis- to drive machinery is already very to month and for the things undone
;

ton moves in a circle and turns great. The demand for it out- he begs your kindest forgetfulness
thewheel directly.
fly runs the capacity of the electric and he asks that j'ou may credit to
The most powerful engine of today power plants to supply it. him the "penny he meant to gie."
— the steam turbine so-called — is of 3. At present it is produced chiefly He regrets that in the coming year,
this kind. by dynamos driven by steam or because of other duties, he will not
To make steam well, the fire under water power, so that it is expen- have the pleasure of talking to you
boilers must have a strong draught. sive, but invention in the near month by month, but plans at times
This obtained by the use of the
is future will remedy that fault, to use the "Freedom of the City"
tall chimneys which are the most because, granted him by the publishers, to
prominent feature of most great mills. 4. There exist, in the atmosphere write an occasional paper on the
Modern skill, however, has found about us, vast currents of elec- "Science of Commerce," — the new,
that by the use of a Sturtevant blower tricityawaiting use. Marconi all-inclusive Science. He will be
fan, or " forced draught," the tall uses them now for the wireless glad to answer any questions still
chimney is not needed and its great telegraph and they will by and that may help the teachers of Com-
expense can be saved. by be used for mechanical power. merce, who may wish to write to him,
The fuels used to heat the water The supply is endless, and the as heretofore, at the English High
are of any kind that is convenient electric advance of the twentieth School, Boston and he will welcome
;

and cheap. In parts of Central century will probably be in the you there as visitors whenever pos-
America, rose wood is cheaper than direction of utilizing the aerial sible. Two
thoughts he wishes to
imported coal, and in the West dur- supply of force, energy and power. leave with you, one for his fellow
ing a coal famine, Indian corn was The word "power" is dear to man- teachers
used. In southern California and on kind and is used in many ways.
other deserts where rain never falls, Physical power, mental power, intel- " May each in his separate Star
the heat of the sun is used with great lectual power, spiritual power, all Teach the Science of Things as he sees
' '
it,

success in " sun motors." express what men desire. Military For the God of Things as they are.
After the steam is made it is taken power, naval power, political power, The other for the Science of Com-
in pipes to the engines which may be world power are the trinkets that merce
of many kinds — stationary or port- dazzle the minds of men. The power
:

able, vertical or horizontal, using of sympathy, the power of imagina- Out of the shadows ht.
single or compound cylinders, and tion, the power of eloquence, sway The world rolls into Liglit,
either condensing or non-condensing. our hearts and minds. It is Daybreak everywhere.

The Business Educator hammers away month in and month out for better
Business Education. Why not do some hammering too? Say with a big club.
 f^^3Sud/neU^(^/iu:aiir' ^
At the end of a month the same
rule should be applied to grammar,
and when the necessity for correct
sentence structure is realized, the
study of grammar may be taken up as
DEPARTMENT OF an adjunct (along with spelling) of
actual business letter writing.
Business (£orresponbence. As taking pains is one of the most
important factors in successful letter
SHEKWIN CODY, CHICAGO writing (no matter how much time
is required at first to get everything
just right), I should distribute to the
class facsimile tvpewritten letters,
with suitable letterheads for reply.
If the one given each student is
spoiled, he should be required to buy
teaching homonyms actually instills another at a cost, say, of five cents.
methods of Ceacbina £omincr= After a little of this, every pupil will
the confusion between the two words
cial English. be exceedingly sure he has his letter
which it is sought to correct.
all right before he copies .it on the
Far too many words are given.
intelligent mastery letterhead, and he will have formed
Success in teaching English in The absolute and
of one thousand words is more likely
the habit of having evervthing in its
commercial schools depends a great form EXACTLY RlGHT. It is
final
deal on the way in which the whole to make a good speller than the usual
not enough to get 90% on the work.
subject is handled. The parts of the study of five thousand. I mean to
It must 'be 100"-,; right or it is zero.
course must be nicely adjusted, and say that the same amount of time
the whole system must be expanded intelligently and systematically ap-
Every word must be spelled correctly
or contracted according to the time plied to one thousand words will do or there is five cents to pay. A
Much also de- more to help the student to spell the teacher will be surprised to find out
that is at disposal.
five thousand correctly than if the
soon that the most slovenly pupils can
pends on the average preparation of be whipped into line by this method.
the pupils when they enter the school. time were scattered over the whole
It will make work go slowly, but in a
In New England the commercial five thousand. This sounds paradox-
ical, but I have proved it to be true. week's time a wonderful change will
schools get a large proportion of high This is the real busi-
school graduates, while in the West There is a common idea that it is be observed.
best to begin with grammar. I am ness method, and it should be ap-
there are few who have done more
convinced that this is all wrong. plied in the real business spirit from
than pass the grammar grades.
Begin with that which will get the the very first.
Let me summarize what is to be ac-
complished, as I have discussed the interest of the pupil and give him a By this practical method the things
chance to see the usefulness of the that need most study are always to
subject in previous papers
the fore, and they get repeated drill
:

1. The natural disinclination of more technical study; namely, prac- they are absolutely mastered.
Real till
the pupil to see no value in the study tical business lette'r-writing.
must be overcome and in business composition has never been Other things are collateral.
of English
any schools yet the Here, then, is the best method of
its place must be instilled the idea that taught in it is
through mastery of English lies the
;

secret of making all other study of

expanding or condensing a course.
commercial English successful. Let Begin with business composition and
road to advancement into anything
the pupil see what can be done with take up_ spelling and grammar in
like a managerial position. Nothing
words, how they can be used to earn connection with it as they may be
is more fatal than to let a pupil go
money and make a career, and he at needed. This will §:ive the shortest
through a course with the feeling possible course that it is worth while
that shorthand and typewriting are once becomes keen for all the other-
to think of in a commercial school.
an end in themselves, in which a wise dry and tiresome details.
student may rest his whole life. If Begin by asking each member of Then the collateral study of words
he is to do his best work in these, he the class to write a letter to the and word-formation, use of the dic-
tionary, the parts of speech and prin-
must look beyond and the road be- teacher telling what he or she wants
ciples of grammar, and finally syno-
;

yond is through mastery of correct to be, and what line of study he feels
and effective English, the true ex- most inneed of. nyms and" studies in the correct use
Criticise these letters, ruthlessly of words, may follow to any extent
pression of genuine business sense.
pointing out their shortcomings and that time will allow.
2. Business English cannot be
Then let the teacher It is impossible to teach composi-
taught by means of literary models. absurdities.
tion of any kind in the longest possi-
Composition models must be genuine distribute to the class a personal
reproduced on the ble course. What should be done and
and good business letters. Average signed letter,
must be done is to show the pupil the
business letters are not good enough neostyle or mimeograph. This
value, nay the necessity, of this study,
for models. Moreover, technical should be a model as to form, etc.
grammar is dry, and there is no use Also, it should speak clearly and and how he may carry it on for him-
self through a period of many years.
in trying to make it a success study pointedly on the subject of planning
in itself. It must be taken up as a for future success and the important The books placed in his hands in
school should be books he can take
part of the technical side of effective part that mastery of words and the
into the office and use long after
letter writing, and the student must use of words plays in the higher Too
forms of success. Make it a letter school has been left behind.
first see why grammar is useful, even
necessary, and study it with the prac- to kindle ambition.
many schoolbooks are looked on as
a disgrace to the person really in
tical results always before him. When the mere external forms of business. Things of childhood, it is
3. Every one acknowledges the letter writing have been mastered, This
felt, are to be left behind. is
necessity for the "study of spelling. in about a week's time, call attention
quite wrong. The student should be
Enough work is now done on spell- to blemishes of spelling. Have every
impressed with the truth that his ed-
ing but too often it is not done so as error of spelling marked, and then
;
ucation has just begun. How many
to get the best results. The fact is, require every pupil in whose work
there is one error of spelling to copy a business man have I heard say, " I
the greater part of the time put on when was in school.
didn't realize
the letter over after hours. A little
it I
spelling is wasted. wish had then."
of this experience out of the real I do now, and I I
The mechanical writing of words The great thing is to do everything
and the mechanical giving of defini- business office will soon show the
dullest student the exceeding value
absolutelv perfect so far as it is at-
tions are of small value compared In a short course
of learning to spell, and lessons in
tempted at all.
with using words in natural senten- is alwavs the temptation to
be welcomed then there
ces with their correct values. The spelling will
eagerly. It will appear that study of
hurry over things so that the ground
sentence method is the best possible
the spelling lesson will save a vast can be covered. Covering ground in
way of handling definitions, and by
amount of extra drudgery and dis- English is a sort of absurdity. No
this means only can homonyms be
really taught. The usual method of grace. {Continued on page 23)
 M^^fOmed^r^f/iu^iifr ^
the tenant has agreed to pay taxes

P '/MJMW)'M:kiM'M:i'iW&3, and has not done so, before the land-

lord can re-enter he must demand
the payment of the taxes within the
period required by law. In other
department of €aip words, the landlord, before re-entry
for a breach of contract, must be
Copyrighted by careful to comply with the statutory
WILLIAM C. SPRAGUE, PRESIDENT, and common law requirements in his
state. The landlord may enter to
The Sprague Correspondence School of La make repairs when he has' agreed in
Detroit. Mich. his lease to make them, or he may
enter to demand rent that is due. In
a Kansas case it was held that if,
"4'WI/MWcJ/JJJ. / i^-'^^y^^^i^i'l'-
after the tenant had refused to pay
iL the rent and had begun to move, the
THE L.iVW RELATING TO LANDLORD AND The cases that have arisen have landlord moved out the rest of the
TENANT. grown out of the difficulty in deter- tenant's things and took possession,
mining what is appurtenant and what the tenant had no cause for action.
Few landlords and perhaps fewer is not appurtenant to the soil. For Where one has given a lease to
tenants realize the extent of their instance: A man leased a mill. another without excepting anv rights
rights and obligations, even where There was no approach to it from the or privileges to himself other than the
they have agreed to the terms of a highway, excepting over other prop- payment of the rent, he has practi-
lease and affixed their signatures erty belonging to the lessor. The cally sold and conveyed the premises
thereto. Perhaps a still smaller courts held that an approach to the to the tenant for the time stated in
number of tenants who occupy leased mill from the highway being neces- the lease, and he has no more right
premises on verbal terms, or upon sary to the use of the mill, such right to interfere, during the term of the
practically no expressed conditions, of way, or easement, passed with the lease, with the tenant's peaceable
understand the law governing the mill. In another case, where a mill enjoyment of the premises than he
relation existing between them and was leased and the lessor owned would have to enter the premises of
their landlords. other property adjoining, through one to whom he has given a deed.
Nearly every one is either a land- which the water passed, by which THE tenant's rights TO ALTER THE
lord or a tenant this, together with
; the mill was run, it was held that the
the fact that the questions arising PREiMISES.
lessee of the mill had, as an appurt-
between the two are many and various, enance to the mill, the right to a suffi- Alteration means something more
makes some plain talk on the subject cient head of water in the dam upon than repair. To alter is to change
desirable. the adjoining land belonging to his the form or nature — to make differ-
There are two terms usually found lessor. ent. To repair is to retain the form
in leases that perhaps need simple The tenant is entitled to natural and nature, butto make more perfect.
definitions before proceeding to use accretions to the premises, as where, The tenant has a right generally to
them. These terms are "appurten- by change in the course of a river, make repairs; indeed, without any-
ance" and "easement." An appurt- ground was added to leased premises thing in the lease to that effect, he is
enance is that which belongs to some- which fronted on a river. bound to hand the property over to
thing else something accessory to
; Where one leases a house, he is en- his landlord at the expiration of his
something else. It is always some- titled to the lot, outhouses, fences, lease in the condition in which he
thing of less importance than that to trees, and things of a like nature, took it, ordinary wear and tear ex-
which it appertains or belongs as ; appurtenant thereto. Where one cepted. But a tenant has not the
trees are appurtenant to the soil. An leased a portion of a tenement house, right without his landlord's consent
easement is a right or privilege which it was held that he was entitled, un- to make alterations, even if the alter-
one has in the estate of another, dis- less he had cut himself off by an ations are improvements and ad-
tinct from the ownership of the soil, agreement from claiming them, to mitted to be such by the landlord.
as where one owns a right of way the conveniences of the house, such When one rents premises he is pre-
over land of another, or where one as the use of the frontdoor and door- sumed to be satisfied with them as
has the right of fishing in another bell, the customary place for drying they stand and the landlord has the
man's stream. clothes, the water closets, etc. right to expect them to remain as at
Now, we shall be understood whe The question has arisen as to the the time the lease was given, subject
we sa}' that whatever is appurtenant right of one renting premises in a to his right as against the tenant to
to leased land goes with it so that,
; business block to use the outer walls have the premises kept up.
ifone rents a piece of ground, and for signs, and the cases have held Where premises are rented for a
nothing is stated to the contrary in that where he has not restricted his particularpurpose known to the land-
the lease, everything appertaining to right by agreement, he is entitled to lord, the law will presume that the
the soil goes with the soil; as houses, such use of the walls. tenant has the right to make any
barns, fences, trees, shrulsbery, etc.; Many landlords are not aware that, alterations reasonably needed to fit
but not things of a temporary nature, unless the provisions of the lease be the premises for the use. Where,
not belonging to the soil, as agricul- broken by the tenant, they have no however, the landlord does not know
tural implements, domestic animals, more right to enter the premises of the purpose, he has a right to expect
etc. Then, too, this is so in the case their tenants than have strangers. A that they will be used for the purpose
of a sale or a lease, whether the lease landlord who enters and attempts to for which they are naturally fitted
or deed so states or not. A mere remove a plant or make alterations, without alteration.
verbal lease, not specifying the ap- even though the alterations are to his Where in the lease there is a clause
purtenances, will be sufficient to en- mind beneficial to the premises, or to stating that the premises are " to be
title the lessee to their possession put up signs, is guilty of a trespass used" for a particular purpose, nam-
and use. Under no circumstances where under like circumstances ing it, the question sometimes arises
may the lessor, after the lessee has a stranger would be guilty. whether this amounts to a restriction
taken possession, enter to remove If the tenant abandons the premises on the use so that, where the tenant
appurtenances, and his attempt to do before the expiration of his term, the uses the property for another purpose,
so makes him a trespasser and lays landlord has a right to re-enter. But he has broken his lease. There is an
him liable to an action for trespass. where the landlord claims there has uncertainty on this point due to a
Where one has leased premises to been forfeiture for the non-payment variety of opinions expressed by the
another and fails to give him posses- of rent, he must, before a re-entrv, be courts. There is no question, how-
sion of all the premises leased, in- sure to comply with all the forinali- ever, in a case where the restriction
cluding the appurtenances, the lessee ties of the law, as, by making a de- is made positive and definite, as
is under no obligation to accept a mand for the amovint of rent due, on where the lease reads that the premi-
part, but may abandon all without the last day, on the premises, and at ses shall be used only for some par-
liability for damages. a convenient time before sunset. If {Continued on page 25)
 ^M^^ud/n^i4^<^(/^u^air^ ^
keep the students from using
.. I I I i . i r- erasers?" I have my waj^s of doing
things, but my ways are my ways,
and I thought and thought for
some way to make my way the ways
I)epartment of of other teachers. 'Then came the
inspiration. Sad experience, years
ago taught me what a hindrance the
Cyperprittng Ho. 7, eraser was. Why could I not give
the students some sad experience ?
Miss Stella M. Smith, Simmons College, Boston. That is the question I daily asked
Copyright 1904. by Stella M. Smith, Boston, Mass. myself. One day the whole class was
astonished and delighted to hear my
''s^^P^^^^:5^^^s?^^^^^^^^i^^^^^^s instructions to bring erasers to the
next meeting. It was in the very
early part of their typewriting work,
Among the many inquiries that I be in any branch of knowledge that when they could not write a page
have from typewriting teachers is it is attempted to teach. It is your without mistakes in every line. At
What is the best method
of conceal- business to aid in the development of the next session every student
ing the keyboard from the student's character, to show the student how marched in armed with an eraser.
view, in addition to having a blank to make the most of his abilities and (I must confess, I did feel conscious-
keyboard? All such methods are, in opportunities, and you can (if the stricken when I looked into the faces
my opinion, elementary. I outgrew power be in you) do this while teach- beaming with pleasure.) I talked to
them two or three years ago. That ing typewriting just as well as you or them on the best way of using an
the keyboard is blank should be suffi- anyone else can in the effort to assist eraser. They erased all the errors
cient. '
There are some conditions, students to acquire knowledge in any on three pages of work; then they
however, which would make it nec- branch whatever. When you think were instructed how to reinsert the
essary. For instance: that your subject is not worth while, paper and make the corrections.
First: If the instructor cannot when you feel that it is making you The whole period was devoted to
devote his or her entire attention to narrow — go and talk to an English erasing and correcting. I did my
the teaching of this subject. Eternal professor. For your own salvation, best to make it interesting, but at
vigilance is the price of success in introduce every' change that you the end of that time, in spite of my
the teaching of touch typewriting. possibly can into every day's work. efforts, the unanimous expression of
The instructor who is engaged in the Try it. Make your lessons interesting
'
the cl.iss was that they "preferred to
correction of papers or in the teach- to yourself, and you will have the spend the time in writing." I took
ing of any other subject while the satisfaction of seeing your students pains to explain to them that it was
typewriting classes are in session, enjoy them, and follow your instruc- very necessary that they should know
cannot possibly give the students the tions without question. Otherwise how to use the eraser'in a business
att3ntion — the criticl'ism, the en- — the crutches. office, but that time in school was too
couragement—which is absolutely When a student absolutely refuses precious to waste in that way. They
necessary at every step during the to make the effort to write by touch, agreed with me.
first two or three months, and, under give him to understand that (in his This is the last of this series of
these conditions, those students who own parlance) it means "down and papers on Typewriting, and I wish
are not reasoners, who are not able out." This very quickly settles the again to thank all those who have
to work out their own salvation, will matter. However, your school prin- been so kind as to say that they have
require the safe-guard of some device cipal or proprietor must be ready to been helped by these little 'talks.
which will completely hide the key- uphold you. Without his support in Also, may I add that it will always
board from the wilful eyes. But this this you can do nothing. And this, give me pleasure to aid any teacher
method seems to me on a par with the in my opinion, is the third and last with such assistance as it is^within
act of the physician who would give case in which it may be necessary to my power to give.
a bow-legged baby a pair of crutches have some cover for the keyboard —
instead of straightening his legs by aside from the blank keys. Such Business Cerrespondenee— Continued
an operation. The average student cases are rare, however, for it is true,
from Page 21.
must have reasons presented convin- here as elsewhere, that "Nothing
cingl)-; he must know the "why" Succeeds like Success." To see one can cover the ground perfectly,
for every step. Charles Darwin says : other students succeed is usually a every one has covered the ground to
" Such is the power of habit that the sufficient inspiration for a beginner. a certain extent already. 'The only
most complex and difficult move- If your principal will not support thing that can be accomplished is to
ments may in time be performed you, get the crutches. give some new ideas and habits of
without the least effort or conscious- With conditions which are all that study that may lead the student to
ness." There is nothing difficult or can be desired, it is my experience see the practical money v'alue of
complex in the movements necessary that the only failures which a type- good English, and how he may edu-
for typewriting. Practice will writing teacher may record are those cate himself through the years to
strengthen the fingers and make them where there is an absolute lack of come. And the one thing that can
move quickly. The student must "willpower" in the student. When actually be given is the habit of
have the determination to write by we find this, however, the student doing what is done in the best possi-
touch and the teacher, an intimate also fails in all other studies. ble manner, however much time it
knowledge of the habits which it is takes. Destroy the notion that there
necessary to form. The instructor TYPEWRITINC. TEACHERS' CATECHISM.
is any utility in hurry, and that the
must, therefore, be always at the What is science ? Science is supposition that hurry is necessary
student's elbow in this "blind" "classified knowledge." is utterly groundless, because more
practice, to help him form the correct What touch typewriting ? Touch
is can be accomplished in the long run
habits. Otherwise —the crutches. typewriting is the result of scientific by taking much time at the start and
Second The individuality of the
: instruction and study. getting everything all right.
teacher. Perhaps you lack force. What place does typewriting hold It is only within a few years that in
You do not convince the students in the commercial course? Type- the shorter courses of the commercial
that you know more about the subject writing is the bottom round of the schools any time worth speaking of
than' they do. They feel that you ladder which leads to the Commer- has been given to English. I proph-
yourself are not confident of their cial School Diploma. The student esy that the time will come in the
success. Be enthusiastic. Don't be lacking the strength or capacity to near future when more time will be
ashamed of your subject don't be- ; reach this cannot possibly go beyond. given to spelling, grammar, and busi-
little it. Your results are just as im- One day 1 had a great inspiration. ness composition than to all other
portant your opportunities to better
; A number of teachers had written subjects combined, and that English
the conditions for men and women and called on me to unburden them- will be looked on as the backbone of
are just as great here as they would selves of this wail: "How can we the commercial course.
 ^^^^SiO^i^u^^/iu^ai? ^
240 for day ? 1
3600 for day ? 1
$ 900 for 2 days ?
12(» for 2 davs?
240 for 2 days ?
X)cpartTnent of 1500 for 2 days ?
$ 480 for 3 days ?
Qritl^metic 960 for 3 davs ?
1200 for 3 days ?
KENT, Conimf-rcial Dept., High School, 500 for 3 days ?
E. E.
$3300 for 4 days ?
Springfield, mass. 1800 for 4 davs ?
3600 for 5 days ?
7200 for 5 davs ?
$1800 for 7 days ?
Before taking up the rapid oral 900 for 7 days ?
In teres t.
and written problems, be sure the 1200 for 8 days ?
In presenting the subject of in- class understands how to find the 3600 for 8 days ?
terest to a class, do not try to see interest for any multiple or aliquot $ 500 for 9 days ?
how many methods 3'ou can teach part of sixty days. In finding the 8000 for 9 days ?
them, but rather, how well you can interest for' 12 ds., take 1/5 of the 2600 for 9 days ?
teach a few of the standard ones. interest for 60 days for 15 ds., 1/4 of
;
1500 for 9 days ?
There is no one method that is the fiO days' interest for 20 days, 1/3; for
;'
$ 500 for 12 davs ?
shortest and best for all problems in 30 days, 1/2; for 120 days, multiplv 1100 for 12 days?
interest. Since this is true, it would by two for 180 days, by 3 for 240
; ; 900 for 12 days ?
seem that the pupils ought to master days, by 4; for 300 days, by 5. 200 for IS days ?
every method. It is a well-known After the pupils are well grounded 1200 for 18 davs ?
fact^ however, that a thorough in this, drill them on a great variety 800 for IS days?
mastery of a few standard methods of oral problems similar to the follow- $2,S0 for 24 days ?
will produce greater accuracy and ing. The teacher must be able to 700 for 24 days ?
proficiency than can be acquired by make up these problems rapidly, and 110 for 24 davs?
one who seeks to apply the shortest dictate them without any hesitation. 5500 for 30 days ?
method in every case. Put force into the work and use plans 1400 for 30 days ?
I believe in presenting the sixty- outlined in preceding papers. 300 for 30 days ?
day method first, and at the same At 6,"o what is the interest on:
time, drilling the class daily on many $ 220 for 36 days ?
$ 400 for days 1
60 2100 for 36 days ?
oral and written problems. Having
2200 for days ?
60 50 for 36 days ?
clinched this one, take up two or 25 for days ?
60 20 for 42 days ?
three more standard methods.
From the beginning, the pupil 800 for days ?
60 150 for 42 days ?
940 for days ?
60 210 for 42 days ?
should understand clearly the reason 500 for days ?
60
for pointing off two places to the left To illustrate fully, I will give the
to secure the interest for 60 days. $ 840 for 30 days ? plans used to secure the results in
To assist him in this, place the 900 for 30 davs ? the nine preceding groups. First,
following on the board :
1200 for 30 days ? find the interest for 6 days by point-
6% of any principal int. for 360 = 280 for 30 days ?
600 for 30 days ?
ing off three places to the left
ds. (1 vr. I mentally, then, to find the interest
l"ii of any principal =
int. for 60 ds.
2400 for 30 days ? for 1 day take l/ti of (! days' interest;
If to earn (i \ of a principal it takes $ 600 for 20 davs ? for 2 days, 1/3; for 3 days, 1,2; for
360 ds., then to earn \% of a princi- 200 for 20 days ? 4 days, 1/3 and deduct; for five days,
pal it will take 1/6 of 360 ds., or fiO 500 for 20 days ? 1/6 and deduct; for 7 days, 1/6 and
days. To find I %' (1/100) of a princi- 300 for 15 davs ? add; for 8 days, 1/3 add; for 9 days,
pal divide by 100 or point off two 900 for 15 days ? 1/2 and add for 12 days, multiplyby
;

places to the left. The following 240 for 15 davs ? 2; for 18 days, multiply by 3; for
illustrates the plan of pointing off $ 200 for 120 days ? 24 days, multiply by 4; for 30 days,
one, two, and three places to the left 410 for 120 days ? multiply by 5.
$4000, principal —
6 "„, interest. 5000 for 120 davs ? On the same day that you assign
I. $40 =
int. for 60 ds. 220 for 180 days ? the first list of problems for home
II. $4 ^
int. for 6 ds. 400 for 180 davs ? work, place on the board two or three
III. $400 = int. for 600 ds. 510 for 180 days ? model solutions. These should be
IV. $4000 =
int. for 6000 ds.
$ 900 for 240 days ?
copied by each pupil and taken home
The first equation is found by 200 for 240 days ?
for reference. In order that the pupil
pointing off two places to the left in
80 for 240 days ?
may grasp the method of securing
the principal, $4000; the second, by
210 for 300 days ?
the'partial results, his attention must
dividing both members of the first by 800 for 300 days ?
be directed to the plan of dividing
ten the third, by multiplying both the period of time given into sixties,
;
130 for 300 days ?
members of the first by ten the '
;
fractional parts of si.xty that can be
fourth, by multiplying the third by $ 700 for 360 days ? found easily, sixes and fractional
. ten. 20 for 360 days ? parts of six.' If the pupil follows the
In the second step the interest is 120 for 360 days ? proper plan, he will be able to test
1/10 as much as the first. To earn 55 for 420 days? every operation in his solution with-
1/10 as much interest it will take 1/10 120 for 420 days? out the aid of pencil or paper.
as many days. In the third step, the 900 for 420 days ? The following solutions will illus-
interest is ten times the first and it Besides drilling the class on the trate the method of recording the
will take ten times as long to earn it. preceding work, teach them the mul- work and the plan of dividing the
In the fourth, the interest is ten tiples and aliquot parts of 6 days and time :

times the third, and it will take ten the methods of securing the results. Find the interest on $2349.50 for 87
times as long to earn it. After they have grasped this, drill davs at 6%'.
By inspection, it will be seen that them rapidly on a variety of short I.
any principal will double itself in oral problems similar to the follow- $23 495 = int. for 60 days
6000 ds. at 6",;. By pointing off one ing groups 7 8316 = int. for 20 days
place, you secure the interest for 600 At 6% what is the interest on : 3495 = int. for 6 days
ds.; two places, 60 ds.; three places, $ 600 for 1 day ? 3915 = int. for 1 day
6 ds. 180 for 1 day ? $34 0676= int. for 87 days.
 ^^^r3Bu4/ned4/^(/^u^af/- ^
II. ly at accuracy and let speed be a on our May number had to be done,
Find the interest on $842.50 for 95 secondary matter. By the use of the proper credit was not given to Miss
days at 6%. preceding proof very few will fail to Caroline O. Farnsworth, of the Eagan
425 = int. for 60 davs solve all home work correctly. School, New York City, for her ex-
2125= int. for 30 davs After the pupil has become' familiar cellent report of the proceedings of
702 = int. for 5 days with the proof, teach him to change the shorthand section of the Asso-
to any rate of interest after securing ciation. Miss Farnsworth was asso-
$13 3395 = int. for 95 days the result by the 60-dav method. ciated with the writer in 1897 as a
in. To illustrate, take 'the result for teacher in the Spencerian Commer-
the first solution and find the inter- cial School, Cleveland, Ohio; and we
Find the interest on $7246.90 for 165
davs at 6;!o'.
est at 7%. know her to be one of the best
$72 469 = int. for 60 days. VI. teachers of shorthand in the East.
I
I
0676 = int. for 87 days at 6% We were especially pleased, therefore,
"144" '938 =
=
int. for 120 days 5 6779 = int. for 87 days at 1% when we obtained her consent to
36 2345 int. for 30 days report the proceedings of this partic-
18. 1172 = int. for 15 days 7455 =
int. for 87 days at 7% ular section, and we are not less
$199 :2895 = int. for 165 days Since 7% is 1/6 greater than 6%, pleased with the result of her court-
then the interest for 7% is 1/6 greater eous assistance.
IV. than the interest for 6%.
Find the interest on for 233 To change the interest of any prin-
days at 6%. cipal from 6 % to :
Department of Caw eontinued Srom
96 = int. for 60 days 3%, take 1/2 of the int. found at 6%. Page 22.
J48 4%', take 1/3 of the int. found at 6%
146" int. for 180 days
and deduct.
24 48 = int. for 30 days ticular purpose, naming it. Where,
= int. 5%' take 1/6 of the int. found at 6''-o
16 ,32 for 20 days therefore, the landlord desires to
and deduct.
448 = int. for 3 days restrain the tenant from using the
S% take 1/3 of the int. found at 6% premises for anv other than a partic-
190 128 = int. for 233 days and add. ular purpose he should make the
9%, take 1/2 of the int. found at 6% restriction positive.
V. and add.
Find the interest on $9424.60 for 268 Alterations, then, without permis-
10%, take 1/6 of the int. found at 6% sion of the landlord, are in general
days at 6%. and multiply bv 10.
246 = int. for days 12%, multiply the int. found at6%
not allowable. The tenant cannot
cut a window through an outer or
>

984 = int. for 240 days by 2.

inner wall, nor open a fire place, nor
4153 = int. for 20 days A number of interest problems erect a partition, nor cut a hole
4246 = int. for 6 days may be solved easily by interchang- through the floor for pipes or wires
1415 = int. for 2 days ing the days and the am&unt. or elevators nor can he move a par-
;

420 9654 = int. for 268 days To illustrate: tition to change the shape or size of
{a) Find the int. on $120 for 435 ds. rooms, nor change the place of the
After the pupil becomes familiar at 6%. staircase, nor move the out-buildings,
with the 60-day method, teach him Interchanged nor destroy trees or flowering shrubs,
the product, or cancellation method, (b) Find the int. on $435 for 120 ds. nor change their location nor can he ;

and have him prove by this method, at 6%. move a fence, nor turn a grass plot in-
all home work solved by the 60-day In (a) the result cannot be found to a garden.
method. The proof should be rec- by inspection, while in {6} it may. Tenants may make such alterations
orded with each solution. The reason for this will be found in as are not permanent in their nature
The followinj? illustrates the prod- the following: where they may be removed at the
(a) $120 x^L„X-i?l_
uct method and constitutes the proofs = '
expiration of the lease without injury
for solutions 111, IV, V: 1 ' 100 * 360 to the property.
{d) $435 6 120 ^ ,
The ordinary remedy for the land-
III.
1 -^ 100 "^ 360 ~ lord where the tenant proposes to
$ 7.246.90 165 make an unauthorized alteration is a
X-
fi

100 ^ 360 =$199,289.

in
By inspection it will be seen that
interchanging the time and
writ of injunction, though a suit for
damages, will afterwards lie against
amount, they are still numerators of the tenant.
the fractions" which are to be multi-
Reverting again to the matter of
plied together.
use, it should be said that where
$ 4.896 there is no restriction as to use con-
=
$190,128.
nnnouncements Continued from tained in the lease, yet the tenant
Paget? may be restrained by the landlord
from using the premises for a pur-
charge of our Department of Arith- pose or in a manner contrary to law.
$9,424.60, 268 metic. Run over the current number
and see how practical and suggestive The results of the examination of the
1
it is. We believe thoroughly in the National Association of Isaac Pitman
practical value of this department,
Shorthand Teachers and Writers, lield in
To secure the result by the prod- and we shall place it in good hands New York City, on April 29, for second and
uct method, cancel all factors com- for next year. We
are now negotiat-
third grade teachers' certificates
ing with an excellent teacher and are as
mon to the numerators and denom- follows:
inators, then divide the product of author, and our readers may be sure
Second Grade: George W. Bird, Bronx
the remaining numerators by the that the September number will
Business Institute. 2804 Third Avenue,
product of the remaining denomina- bring something good for the arith-
metic teacher as well as for the other
New York: James J. D'Arcy. Eagan's
tors. School, 524 Broadway, New York: Miss
To shorten the work, cross out the subjects that we are considering with
Jeannette S. Kaplan, Kaplan School of
100 and the cipher in 360 and move especial care.
Commerce. 1773 Pitkin Ave., Brooklyn;
the point three places to the left in believe our We Arthur Sennett, 29 Union Square, New
the numerator of the first fraction. Our readers will have York: George Wolf. Bronx Business Insti-
To illustrate : B. C. H. Keport
appreciated our tute, 2804 Third Avenue, New York.
$7,246.90 165 brief but compre- Third Grade: Mrs. Margaret George,
6^ X
X 100 360
hensive report of the New York con- Eastman School, 121 Cannon St Pough. ,

vention of the Eastern Commercial keepsie. New York; Robert Kells, Kells'
Now cancel the common factor, 6, Teachers' Association. We regret School, 143 West 12Dth St., .New York; Miss
and follow the plan given. that, through an oversight, due to Edith M. Vogler. Kells Scliool, 143 West
In teaching interest, aim constant- the haste with which the final work 125th St., New York.
 3ltt iM^mnrmm
lDI?crcai., f^arina Icarnc6 w\tb \\p sorrow that it has pleased Pirinc prori6cncc to icmorc
from Ijis earthly labors our bcloiic6 frionb anb co^morker,

3. (Iltffarii SCpint^ig.
wc, tl?c members of tlje Hational Commercial Ceacl^ers' ^eberation ( tbrouab a committee appointe6 by
the presibent for tfjat purpose), abopt tlje folloining Resolutions :

ilbat in the beatlj of our frienb the profession bas suffereb an irreparable loss. 13y reason of
l)is oricjinality, acniality, inbustry, ability anb resourcefulness, be bab, tbouab youna in years, u^on for
himself an enriable reputation as an ebucator.
Cl)at tl)e hiyh reg,ar6 in mbicb be mas bel6 by ttje Jtiembers of this bo6y is eri6ence6 by bis
barina been repcateMy I7onore^ niitb bioib official positions in ttic 5*^beration as uxil as in affiliateb
bobies.

iZijat in the beatb of ITir. I\enne6y eacl? of us l^as lost a personal frien^ who was at all times
sympathetic, Ijelpful an6 inspirin.v IPbile l)e has been remoDcb from us, the influence of bis ulor^s,
niork and character umII erer remain a constant incentire to l^icsl^er enbeapor.
Chat 6eep as our sorroui wc fully realije
is, tlje greater anguisl) of tljose n?l)o mere near an6.
6ear to Ijim, anb mljile trorbs seem meak anb futile in tlje presence of such a berearement, wc hereby
e^te^^ to his sorrotping tpife anti relatires our Ijeartfelt sympatl^y.

(That a copy of ttjcsc Resolutions be sprea6 upon the records of this bo^y an6 a copy of the
same be en^-^rosseb an5 presentc6 to tjis mife.

Committee .

J. ^. *yons,
•
f 3oIjn R. (grecjg.

Obituary. rendered efficient service tluring the sad 3. eiiKord Hennedy

days that followed. In a letter
before us Mr. Davis says: "I have just Pur it to instructions of the President
The mortal part of Mr. J. Clifford Kennedy been through the saddest tew days of my of tb« National Shorthand Teachers' Asso-
is dead. Apparently in good health on life." ciation, given on the fourth day of May, in
Friday, April 28, and on Saturday he had Mr. J. F. Fish writes as follows: "The the year of our Lord, One Thousand Nine
ceased to live. By the advice of his profession has certainly lost an earnest, Hundred and Five, the following resolu-
physicians, he consented to an operation tions were prepared bv the Chairman of the
honest worker, and he will be much Executive Committee:
for a minor trouble that was annoying missed at our gatherings in the future.
rather than dangerous. The administer-
Whekeas. God in his infinite wisdom has
His death has certainly caused wide ordained to take unto Himself our beloved
ing of chloroform had but fairly begun spread sorrow among the members of all brother, co-worker and past-President.
preparatory to the operation when of a classes of commercial education" J. Clifford Kennedy, and. Whereas, it is but
sudden he ceased to breathe, and to live. To Mrs. Kennedy, to the parents and just that a fitting recognition of his many
All efforts on the part of the surgeons and the brothers and sister, we e.xtend our virtues should he noted, therefore, be it
plij'sicianswere without avail, and thus most profound sympathy, and we know Resi>i.\'EI) hv the officers and members
it was that he whom we all thought had
our many readers join witli us in wishing of the .National Shorthand Teachers' Asso-
them a speedy recovery from the sadness ciation, that, while we bow with humble
a long lease on life departed so suddenly that invariably follows such an unex- submission to the will of the Almighty, we
as to daze his nearest friends and to pected demise. But let us not forget that do not the less uiourn for our friend and
startle the entire profession. "every cloud has its silver lining," and associate wlio has been taken from us.
Truly this seems like un "untimely" that our departed brother sees only the RESOLVED, that in the death of J. Clifford
death. Science {?) seems to have been silver side; that his goodly (Godly) Kennedy theXational Shorthand Teachers'
not; and that he has paid
ijualities die Association has lost a faithful, conscien-
shortsighted. the debt to Nature we are each still tious andvaluable co-worker. As a teacher
Mr. Kennedy was horn in New Philadel- he was kind and encouraging; as an em-
phia, (>, Aug. !i, 1873. Besides his wife, ploye he was the personification of loyalty;
whom the profession knew almost as well as a business man his integrity was ever
as he, he leaves his parents, two brothers unquestioned; as a friend he was sympa-
(one a twiiii, and one sister. He was thetic, thoughtful and sincere; he was one
buried in Toledo, O., May 1, at the home
whose every endeavor was exerted for tlie
welfare, prosperityand advancement of
of Mrs. Kennedy. our profession; he was one dear to all who
As a shorthand and typewriting teacher knew him, and one whose noble and upright
and e.\pert he had few equals, and l>ut life was a standard of emulation to the
few people in our profession are as widely teaching fraternity.
known as was lie. The sunshine in his RE.-ioi.vEI). that" the heartfelt svmpathv
of the officers and uieinbers of the National
nature made liiui a favorite with all. A Shorthand Teachers' Association beextend-
more iiopular man in our profession is ed to his faiuiU- in their bereavement, and
yet to he foiuid. that a cop>- of these resolutions he spread
After taking charge of the Gutchess upon the records of the National .Shorthand
Metr..politaii Husiness College, Mr. Ker Teachers' Association, and that a copv
np(I>- displayed exceptional ability in thereof be transmitted to the familj- of our
reorganizing the institution and in creat- deceased friend and co-worker, and to the
Official Organ of the National Shorthand
iriir souii- effective and attractive adver- Teachers' Association, "The Tvpewriter
ti-iiig. The last advertisement received and Phonographic World," New York City.
hut a short time before he departed was Officers:
n clipping from a newspaper showing a H. L. AxiiREWS Pres.
well-Hlled street car of his students on K. A. Grant, Vice Pres.
their way to inspect some important De- W. I. TINUS, Sec'y.
troit industry. Executi\'e Committee:
Mr. W. O Davis, Erie, Pa., left for De- Thos. p. Scully, Chair'n.
troit jipoti learning of the sad event and
F. M. VAN ANTWERP,
F. E. HAYMONI).
 f^^f3Bud^i^d^^4/iU^li^ ^
Obituary* High School Commercial Department can In the afternoon. President Van Sant
be made immediately practical and satis- delivered a most practical, timely and
Prof. A. Fries died at the home of his
S. factory. interesting address.
brother. X. C. Fries, at Dansville. N. Y., Prof. Fries was a member of the First Mr. W. N. Watson of Lincoln, talked on
Friday morning, April 28, of consumption. Presbyterian Church of St. Joseph, also of "Classification of Shorthand Students."
For over two years he fought this dread the Charity Lodge No. a*!!. A. F. and A. M., The ever resourceful Carl C. Marshall
disease, as only one of his splendid physi- St. Joseph Chapter Ross Croix No. 4. A. A. spoke on the " What and How of English in
que could have done. In 1903 he took a half S. R. and a thirty-second degree Mason in the Business College."
year's leave of absence which was spent in the Missouri Consistory, located at Kansas Mr. A. C. Ong of Omaha spoke on "The
Ashville, N. C and Colorado Springs, at
, City. Many floral designs were sent by the Cause of Success and Failure of Commer-
which places he recuperated considerably, fraternal bodies, and two beautiful emblems cial Students."
returning to his work the following year. by the faculty and students. A report on the revision of the Constitu-
Last summer he spent three months at the By his death the profession has lost one tion was read by Mr. Dudley. Chairman,
health resorts of Michigan where he was of the strongest teachers, and his many and was adopted unanimously.
much benefited, but being considerably friends throughout the United States will A memorial tribute was paid by the as-
weakened after taking up his work in deeply feel his loss. L. C. RUSMISEL. sembly to the late J. Clifford Kennedy,
September, his decline was very rapid an'd whose untimely- passing has been gi\en
he was obliged to resign his position as space elsewhere in these columns.
Principal of the Commercial
Department of the St. Joseph THURSDAY.
High School, in October. Spend-
ing some time in Southern
One ofthe finest features of
the program %vas a paper by
Kansas and Texas he rallied
Rev. M. J. O' Connor. Vice-
again, but having a desire to
President of Creighton Univer-
return to the home from which
sity on " Psychology and its
he had been absent for a num-
Relation to Teaching." Father
ber of years, he did so.
Prof. Fries was a man of much
O'Connor created a deal of dis-
cussion among the teachers,
ability in his profession and
had a national reputation.
and it was all on his side of the
question. He was given a ris-
Being of very pleasant disposi-
many ing vote of thanks for his ex-
tion, he made friends.
cellent paper.
He was a teacher of much force
H. B. Boyles. President of
and secured excellent results.
He was especially the friend pf Boyles College, gave an excep-
tionally interesting and stimu-
young people and always gave
lating address entitled, " School
liberally in every way to help
Advertising." It is needless to
them.
Prof. Fries was educated in say that he believes in advertis-
ing, and of the right kind.
the schools of Dansville, and
spent a number of years teach- Mr. M. G. Rohrbough of the
ing in the rural districts in his Omaha-Commercial College dis-
home county. During this cussed the advisability of com-
time he completed the required mercial schools employing solic-
itors, deciding in the negative.
course of study and received a
Regent's Life Certificate, after Miss Pearl A. Powerof Chicago
which he took the complete gave demonstrations on note
course in the Rochester Busi- taking and transcribing, to-
gether with a talk on court
ness Institute. From there he
reporting.
was employed at Burlington,
Iowa, at the head of the busi- Mr. John R. Gregg, of Chicago,
ness department of Elliott's gave a blackboard demonstra-
Business College for four years. tion and a talk on penmanship
President Elliott speaks of him drills in shorthand.
as being one of the strongest Mr. F. A. Kefover of Cedar
teachers ever employed by the Rapids encouraged the intro-
school. Leaving there he duction of music into the Busi-
traveled sometime as a sales- ness Colleges. Whether or not
man, after which he was em- this music was applied solely to
writing or for its own stimulat-
ployed as Principal of the Bliss
Business College, North Adaius.
I ing effect, our correspondent has
Mass., but desiring to locate in failed to state.
ALEXANDER SAMl'KL FRIES. Miss W. A. Welsh of the Omaha
the West, we next find him in
the Mankato. Minn.. Business College. In High School gave a demonstration on the
1898 he entered the Zanerian Art College at Report touch system of operating the machine.
Columbus, Ohio, completing the course of
instruction there, when he was engaged as Of the Central Commercial Ceacbers' THURSDAY EVENING.
a policy writer of the Equitable Insurance Hssoeiation — Boyies College, Omaha,
Company at Des Moines, Iowa, from which nebraska, may 24, 25, 26. The banquet was given at the Millard
place he went to the St. Joseph Business Hotel which proved to be a most enjoyable
University. About Business Educators from Ne-
fifty
affair. Upwards of fifty attended. The
Ifraska. South Dakota. Iowa, Illinois. Kan-
In 190() he was elected principal of the following toasts were practically impromp-
sas, Missouri and Minnesota, were in at-
Commercial Department of St. Joseph tendance at the opening meeting held tu, no one knowing what he was to speak
High School which he at once reorganized, Wednesday morning. The important on until a very short time before the ban-
adopting a course of study which was features of the program were held over un- quet: "Our Profession." John Alfred
superior to any then used in the state, and til the afternoon. White of Moline High School. MoHne. Ill-;
which has since been adopted partially or The welcoming address was given by Mr. '•The Pirate Gang," R. Scott Miner of the
totally by a number of the leading schools W. S. Wright. President of the Omaha American Book Company; "Early Ex-
in the Missouri Valley. L'nder his direction
Commercial Club. Mr. J. A. White from perience," John R. Gregg of Chicago, and
Moline, Secretary, responded.
the department grew so rapidly that at the A committee was appointed by President "Recreation." Miss Elizabeth Van Sant,
end of four years four teachers were re- Van Sant to report on the new constitution, Omaha. Carl C. Marshall of Cedar Rapids,
quired to handle the work, and over three as follows: A. W. Dudley and B. F. Wil- Iowa, was Toastmaster.
hundred students were enrolled liams. Des Moines; and C. C. Marshall,
Prof. Fries demonstrated the fact that a Cedar Rapidie. { Contijiued on pa^e 30
 ^^^^u4/n^^^dfu:a/i^^ ^
" Fight on Brave soldiers of the pen
!

^^^ Let fame, and fortune, and thy fellow men

T^^^^^^^^^^^ 'i^^^mm^m^'. In honor bow to thy ennobling art:
\

Consigned in life to act a noble part.

King of the pen may every flourish be,
a history of penmen, (Early
!

In life's long race, a stepping stone for thee

Nearer and nearer the brilliant star of fame:
Business (Ebucation, anb Go on, proud artist, toward the dazzling
flame.
(Educators \xi CImerica. Each truthful stroke of thy unfaltering pen
Raise thee still higher in the praise of men."
Bv A. II. IirXMAN. WOKCKSTEK, MASS. All through life Mr. Flickinger has held in
his mind high ideals of men of character
and he has striven by precept and example
to lead his students to cultivate those prin-
ciples of conduct which are inseparably con-
I>. Ul. Flieklnger. He has engrossed elaborate resolutions for nected with a noble and useful career.
the Boards of Education of Philadelphia,
Chicago and Detroit, also for Select and
The subject for this sketch is tlie ever pop- Common Councils of Philadelphia and Samuel D. l>olt.
ular penman and artist, Henry W. Flickin- Trenton, also for the Commissioners of
i^er of Pliiladelphia. Fairniount Park and Union League and ma- The ambitious student in penmanship or
He was born Aug. 30th. 1845, in Ickesburg, ny others. From 1878 to 188() Mr. Flickinger in any other artistic pursuit will find en-
Pa.,and came up through the public schools. was Principal of the Special Penmanship couraging inspiration in thelife and labors
Having been trained by an Irish musician Department of Soule's Bryant & Stratton Samuel D.
of the subject of this sketch, Mr.
to play the tife and drum, Mr. Flickinger at College, and from 1880 to 1883 he was with Holt, who within
a few years has won the
nineteen enlisted in a drum corps in the Pierce College. From 1883 to 1884 he conduct- most pronounced recognition as a distinc-
Civil war. At the end of the war he entered ed a successful writing academy in Associa- tive leader in his profession. In fact his
Eastman's Business College at Poughkeep- tion Hall. From 1884 to 1893 he was secretary fame as the originator of exceptionally ar-
sie and during his course of two months he and penman of the Prickett College of Com- tistic products of the pen and brush is no
canie under the penmanship training of merce. Since that time he has been engag- longer limited to this city or section— it is
Geo. F. Davis and A. J. Newby. In an even- ed in teaching in private schools and doing national and even international.
ing class he also studied lettering and flour- authorship work. Mr. Holt was born at Hartford, Conn..
ishing under Mr. Davis. In istifi he accepted As a teacher, Mr. Flickinger was always March 21. 1872 He comes from good old
the care of the Pen Drawing Department of earnest and exceedingly sympathetic which Yankee stock— from a race of artists, it
the College and to keep ahead of his pupils has won to him an army of his pupil friends. might be said. His father and grandfather
he would often practice and study till mid- Among his students who have become were decorative painters. His great grand-
night Muscular movement was then conspicuous as noted penmen are Thomas father was a portrait painter of renown, one
taught at Eastman College by Isaac Bates. J. Stewart of Trenton, W. J. Kinsley of New
of the first artists in the United States to
Mr. Flickinger then came into possession of York City, the late W.G.Christie of New- -
paint ivory miniatures from life. There were
some of John D. Williams' flourishing and York City, G.B.Jones. Lockport, N. Y., T. several other distinguished artists among
became an ardent student of his style. H. McCool, Philadelphia. F. B. Davis, Bos- his ancestors. He had a natural, an inher-
In iStiT he accepted a position in Critten- ton. Mass., J. J. Sullivan, Atlanta, Ga.. J. E. ited talent for drawing.
den's Business College, Philadelphia. In Gustus, Rock Island. Ill-, H. J. Putman, Min- At fourteen Mr. Holt entered the Troj'
ISTO he joined Henry C. and 1,3'man P. Spen- neapolis,Minn.,and J.E. Mandeville, Olean, Business College, Troy, N. Y. From there
cer in Washington, D. C, and remained a N\ Y. he went to the Zanerian College. Columbus,
year assisting them in the revision of the As evidence of the high esteem in whieh Ohio, from which he graduated as an artist
Spencerian copy books. He found that he Mr. Flickinger is held by the professional penman with all honors. He next studied
had gone to the fountain head of beautiful penmen of the country, an elegantly en- in the Cedar Rapids College (penmanship
modern script and drank deep draughts of graved Silver Loving Cup was presented to department) under the celebrated Madar-
inspiration under that Prince of penman, Mr. Flickinger by about thirty professional asz. He was also graduated from this col-
Lyman P. Spencer. The next year he was penmen at a banquet of the Eastern Com- lege with highest honors. On both these
engaged to teach and do penwork in Pierce mercial Teachers' Association in Philadel- important occasions he made his own
College, Philadelphia. Duringthe following phia in 19U2. diplomas.
three years Mr. Flickinger's penwork was Among many tributes of friendship paid For a year after his final graduation Mr.
in great demand by societies with resolu- by his admiring stiadents is the following Holt taught penmanship and drawing in
tions to be engrossed and by numerous Bus- acrostic which expresses sentiments many the public schools and the leading business
iues Colleges wanting exhibition pieces of feel towards him. '
-. college of Rochester. Minn. He then re-
his marvelous skill. Excessive work at ceived a tempting offer from Lincoln, Neb.,
teaching and engrossing caused his health where for another year he taught in the
to fail, and he resigned his position to en- H. W, Flickinger. Lincoln Normal University. In 1893 he came
gage in other business at Grand Kapids, to Philadelphia and entered into a business
Michigan. In 1875 he was again called to partnership with Mr. J. B. Graff, a well
Washington to assist the Spencers in the known engrosser, whom he shortly after-
preparation of numerous large exhibition wards succeeded.
pieces of penmanship for display at the Cen- It was on putting out his own shingle that
tennial Exhibition in Philadelphia in 187fi. Mr. Holt's real struggle for recognition be-
One famous piece, the Declaration of Inde- gan—a long, hard fought battle, replete with
pendence, the finest piece of script and many discouraging circumstances. Mean-
drawing in the world, was so large that it time, however, specimens of his extraordi-
was executed \yy being worked upon two nary skill were gradually finding their way
sides of a large table by Mr. Lyman Spencer into public favor. Competent judges who
and Mr. Flickinger. This piece was upon viewed them at once recognized that they
exhibition at the St. Louis Fair and is now at were the work of a genius. People began to
the New- York rooms of the American Book make inquiries. And talented " Sam" Holt,
Co- Besides assisting in the revision of as he is familiarly known among his many
Spencerian copy books, Mr. Flickinger has intimate friends, was discovered.
prepared the copies for three other series of After that there were no more long, dreary,
copy bouks, also a set of copy slips. In the disheartening waits between "jobs." Or-
autumn of 187li Mr. Flickinger returned to ders began coming in with surprising reg
Philadelphia and resumed his former work —
ularit> some of them big, distinguishing
of teachingand engrossing. His engrossing contracts that made the ambitious young
work was peculiarly adapted to the exact- artist feel that the opportunity to win fauae
ing tastes of Philadelphia partners as well wiis at last within his reach. .And it was the
as patrons from other cities. ever paramount desire of the true artist for
 f^^iSBudm^dA^^f/iu^i^ ^
yet a uniform perfection, the inspired fin-
ishing touch that genius alone can give.
Mr. Holt is as naturally polite and cour-
teous as he is artistic. He has a fine, manly
presence, a cheerful, friendly disposition,
and enjoys the most gratifying popularity
in a social way.
He is a success in all that goes to make
life worth living — and he deserves it.

Cbe Bmeriean Commercial Schools

Institution

The Board of Trustees met in Washing-

ton, D. C. on April iSth and elected officers
of the above institution as follows: H. M.
Rowe, President; Rob't C. Spencer, Vice-
President; John J. Eagan, Secretary; and
Enos Spencer, Treasurer.
The Board held an adjourned meeting in
New York on April ITJd, when C. M. Miller,
of New York, and Jerome B. Howard, Cin-
cinnati, were elected as members of the
SAMUEL D. HOLT. Board. H. W. WKST.
For the present the Institution will con-
fine itself principally to establishing juris-
coveted fame rather than the Almighty diction over the private schools through Mr. H. W. West, whose countenance is
contracts of affiliation, and to organizing seen above, is a product of New Jersey, 'Jl
Dollar that impelled Nr. Holt to put forth
courses of study for commercial teachers. years old, six feet, two inches tall, and
his best efforts when the long-sought-for and red hea'ded. That doesn't necessarily
chance presented itself. Already a sufficient number of schools
have signified their intention to affiliate mean hot headed, but it does mean immu-
Within a brief period he has engrossed a with the Institution to insure its success. nity from shiftlessness. dullness and
set of resolutions, embellished with niar- Some idea of just what this means, should mediumness. At least two inches of his
velously artistic illuminated work, which many affiliate, as seems now to be the case, height is said to be due to his vigorous
were mounted in an elegantly-bound album may be had when it is realized that there kicking when he was a little brat at the
and sent to the late Queen Victoria by her are between fifteen hundred and two thous- world-famed Jersey mosquito.
and private commercial schools in the After advancing through the primary
subjects in this country. Again, on the oc- and grammar grades of the Trenton Public
casion of the Queen's death, he prepared an United Staines with an annual attendance
of from two to three hundred thousand Schools, and into the third year of the High
elaborate set of resolutions which were School, his parents moved to Jersey City,
students. From four to five thousand com-
forwarded to King Edward from the same mercial teachers are employed. There are and, instead of returning to school, he went
source, and also engrossed another set for more students in attendance at the private into a machine shop, dividing his time be-
the Anglo-Saxon Society to be presented to schools than at all the higher colleges and tween a set of primitive books and the
machinist's trade. After three years of
Colonial Secretary Chamberlain. universities.
From the interest which has been mani- this work he was obliged to abandon it for
Other notable people who have been made out door work on a farm, where he reniained
recipients of beautiful examples of Mr. fested by leading Manufacturers' Associa-
tions, Chambers of Commerce, and business two years. The little clerical work he had
Holt's artistic cleverness include the late
men, it is believed that ample funds will be in the machine shop created in him an
lamented President McKinley, Mrs NcKin- secured to properlj' endow the Institution earnest desire to secure a commercial edu-
ley, Senator Hanna and several members so that it may carry on its work effectively. cation, which he gratified by attending the
of the martyred President's Cabinet. They The idea of the Institution is so original, Rider-Moore and Stewart Schools of Busi-
have also been presented to the distin- and the place that it is to occupy in the ness in Trenton, N. J., 1903-04. After com-
educational field is so unique and distinct- pleting his work he filled successfully a
guished Catholic prelate, Archbishop Ryan ;
couple of positions. He held positions in
to Philadelphia's great merchant prince, ive, that it is attracting much attention.
Of course it will require several years be- the Princeton Savings bank, and the Cook
John Wanamaker; to Dwight L. Moody, the
fore the full usefulness of the Institution Pottery Co., of Trenton. At the present
famou>; e\*angelist; to the philanthropic will become known. Committees are now time Mr. West is employed as a commercial
multi-millionaire, Andrew Carnegie, and to at work on courses of study, and the actual teacher, etc.. in the school in which he re-
other celebrated leaders of men. work of the institution will brgin as soon as ceived his business education. Mr. West.
Recent orders have come to Mr Holt from possible after the next meeting of the through instruction received in these
Board of Trustees, which will be held at schools, learned to write a most excellent
the Philadelphia Stock Exchange, the business hand. It has many points about
Board of Trade, the Trades League and Asbury Park during the meeting of the he could beconie
it which indicate that
several influential political and industrial N. E. A. in July.
The worthy President, Dr. Rowe, is to be one of America's few finest penmen by
organizations for special and in some cases congratulated for having formulated the careful training.
particularly elaborate productions to be plan, persevered with its early discourage-
Mr. West has had much more experience
forwarded to President Roosevelt. than falls to the most young men of
lot of
ments, and finally to see success crowu his no question but that he
All of which nfeans that modest and efforts
his age- There is
has far ability than most people
more
unassuming-''' Sam " Holt is rapidly making Such an institution has long been needed. Like most tall men, and lil<e
possess.
a great reputation with his 0iltn d^d brush and it can not get down to business too
soon, as a normal school for the preparation most big men, he is modest. And like all
—-that the lime-light of professiohtjl fame people who are a mixture <'f the humane
of commercial t'-achers \-^ in demand.
has already singled him out for coveted Commercial school affiliation, and uni- and the divine, he is both good and bad,
distinction. form curriculum standards are also much with the good far in excess of the bad.
Before parting with this subject T must Moreover, he is good at the core, which
needed to overcome unnecessary waste in
say a few words in a technical waj* of Mr. advertising competition, and in the grant- means that character is one of the secrets
of his success. He is a young man that the
Holt's work and methods. He is an en- ing of certificates and diplomas. more from later n.
profession will hear <

thusiastic student and a hard worker. He The American Commercial Schools Insti-
has a genius for originality. However tution aims to affiliate schools, regulate
courses of study, grant diplomas, and pre- Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Narvell.
indefinite your notion of what you w^ant, he
pare persons as teachers of commercial request the pleasure of jour presence at the
grasps the idea at once. He' i&-'especially subjects.
clever in engrossing, illuminating and marriage of their daughter,
Here's to its successful mission. Hattie May,
designing. His testimonials, resolutions to
and memorials are mar\TEls, of symmetry notice of expansion Mr. H. C. Peterson,
and artistic effectiveness* "-He has made a Thursday evening, June fifteenth,
great hit in the preparation of unique and The Sadler-Rowe Company, Baltimore. nineteen hundred and five,
Md., have just removed from the temporary at eight-thirty',
beautiful marriage certificates-. His careful
quarters occupied since the fire 720 Pennsyl- 3011 Holmes Street, Kansas City. Mo.
study in heraldry justifies his reputation vania Ave., to their new location 21 West
for being able to sketch one's coat-of-arms Fayette St., wherethey occupy a floor space At Home
with infallible correctness. There is a dis- of nearly five thousand square feet, for ship- 3319 Chestnut
tinctive difference in everything he does- ping department and offices. after July 20
 f^^^ud/n^d^^^/uai^ ^
and Business Sys- blindfold writing to professional operating, Miss Becker, like Miss Power, won $65,
Cbe Office nppliatice
tems Sboiv such as is required in daily court work, writing at excellent speeds, although on
etc. The following, in brief, are the records, simpler matter. Miss Becker stood a close
First held in Madison Square Garden, New after deducting all errors third to Miss Power in the blindfold test and
York, last December, appeared at the Wednesdar Kinht. ?Iarcb IS: Students' to Miss Rohmer in the ladies' contest.
Coliseum, Chicago, March 15-22, and will be Contest, the results of which are not given,
It would probably have been more inter-
repeated in like manner each year. Mr. however, as the test was later declared
esting if Mr. McGurrin had entered the
H. A. Cochrane and Mr. F. W. Payne, the unfair, and the loving cup therefore lost its
energetic young managers, deserve great value. endurance contest, as the opinion was that
credit for opening up a show which, depart- Thursday Night: Blindfold writing for the young man who won the medal, would
ing in its scope from every other kind of one hour from dictation (on extremely diffi- have led him a merry chase. Mr. McGurrin
show ever presented, appeals to what is cult matter). The winners were as follows: was as popular as ever, however, both at
probably the largest class of people in the Charles S. McGurrin. Kalamazoo, Mich., the Fay Sholes booth and at the contest
world— the business class. It is safe to say "champion operator of the world," 4,008 booth.
that no event at the Coliseum has ever words. Fay Sholes machine; average 67
It is said that next year the prizes will be
attracted such intelligent, practical, and words per minute; first prize, $40.
immense crowds, the attendance being Pearl A. Power, of the Gregg Publishing greater and that the show will be even
estimated as high as :iO,000. The business Company, Chicago, although now actively more of a success than it has been so far.
firms displayed their goods in separate etisaged with the reporting firm of Leonard
booths, and there was no booth without its & Satterlee, ,3,409 words. Remington; aver-
active and convincing demonstrator. age, 57 words second prize, $25.
; Convention Keport- Continued from
Among the most highlT entertaining and Friday Niglit: Writing a memorized Paae 27.
instructive features were the lectures, dur- sentence for one hour. Elizabeth Becker,
ing the afternoons, by proniinent business formerly with the Cash Buyers' Union, but
men, the contests on adding machines and now with the Underwood Typewriter Com-
typewriters, and the beautiful band con- pany, Chicago, 6,N9d words. Underwood;
certs. Every conceivable article for the first prize, $25.
Editor of the Omaha Bee, Mr. Edward
perfect equipment of a business office was Miss E. M. Klatcher, stenographer Monad- Rosewater, delivered an address entitled
on exhibition : the many varieties of
From nock Block (the only sight operator, and "Some Questions in School Life." He ad-
loose leaf ledger devices to coin handling whose work was beautiful), 6,770 words; vocated installing high ideas into the souls
machines, adding machines, filingsystems, Remington (her Densmore machine break- of students, and advanced many new ideas
duplicators, lead pencil sharpeners, burglar ing down during the test), second prize, $1.5. for teachers to think about in connection
alarms, the phonograph for dictation, Satiirdar- Xight: Mr. McGurrin wrote with the regular lessons.
billing machines, letter presses, meta- 214 words on one minute tests; otherwise
phones, travelers' maps and charts, and no exhibitions. A. H. Waterhouse, Principal of the Omaha
While there were but one
office furniture. Monday Afternoon, March 20: Endur- High School, gave an address entitled
or two typewriter booths, the machines ance contest for the gold medal " World's "The Commercial Course in the High
figured in some very lively contests every Championship," three hour test, copying School." He is enthusiastically in favor of
evening. One of the most crowded exhibits, and dictation a well-rounded business course in High
and the only one of its kind, was the exhibit Emil A. Trefzger, Peoria, 111. (just hap- Schools and Mr. W. V. Boyles, Omaha, dis-
of the Gregg PublishingCompany, Chicago, pening in the city over Sunday, by the cussed the subject " What Shall we do for
where blackboard demonstrations in short- way), a lad of but seventeen years. Rem-
hand reminded the crowds tliat were con- ington, 11,800 words, coming out 3,000 words
our Students Socially?"
stantly thronging that way, that there is ahead of all other competitors; first prize, Mr. Earl Thorp, Iowa Business College,
still another important "accessory" to the gold medal. Des Moines, had for his subject " Shall we
business office which is not to be forgotten, Katherine Kintsinger, employed with a Have a Prescribed Course of Study and Re-
and that is the stenographer. The booth in law firm in Chicago, 9,182 words. Underwood; quire the Student to Follow It?"
question was presided over by Miss Lillian silver medal. Mr. Edmund Thorp, Iowa Business
Kohmer, of the Gregg School, assisted by Monday Xight: Ladies' contest — copy- College, Des Moines, handled the subject
Mr. E. A. Zartman, who did the dictating ing for two hours from the Daily Post (the
entitled " Class Work Versus Individual
and the "lecturing," while Mr. Raymond matter being varied and exceedingly diffi-
P. Kelley, also of Chicago, gave daily exhi- cult) all the competitors in this test had
:
Instruction."
bitions of his enviable shorthand skill; written on previous evenings: On Thursday afternoon the following
although Gregg writers, who happened to Pearl A. Power, 7,139 words. Remington; officers were elected for the ensuing year:
visit the booth, demonstrated the fact that first prize, $40. President — A. W. Dudley, President of
Mr. Kelley is but one of many practical, Lillian Rohmer, Fox machine, 6,844 words; the Iowa Business College, of Des Moines;
rapid writers. Miss Earl A. Power, the well second prize, $25. Vice President — E. A. Potter, teacher in
known writer of this system, was also on Elizabeth Becker, 6,552 words, Underwood
the Omaha High School; Secretary — F. A.
hand, in the shorthand demonstrations, as third prize, 5 lb. box candy.
an exponent of perfect writing, later figur- Miss E. M. Klatcher, (amount not given Keefover, associate editor of the Western
ing quite fortunately in the typewriting but her work was remarkably free from Penman; Treasurer — Miss Elizabeth Van-
contests. errors), 3 lb. box of candy. Sant of the Van Sant Business College of
The adding machine contests and the The contestants in this test were all very Omaha.
typewriting contests were all very exciting close and most of them were winners on Des Moines will be the next place of hold-
and some excellent records were made in previous tests. The attendance this night ing the convention, whcih will meet on
both. The typewriting contests were so must have been at least 30,000, and it was the Wednesday, Thursday and Friday
aptly varied in their nature as to include impossible to get to the typewriter booths
almost every kind of demonstration, from after eight o'clock. preceding the 15th of May.
Tuesday Night: Public Stenographers*
contest— one hour writing from dictation,
MISS PEARL A. POWEK. A. C. V'AN SANT.
newspaper matter: Only one prize was
awarded in this test, the gold medal for the
Championship of Chicago, wliich was
won by Miss Pearl A. Power, on a record of
75.8 words per minute correctly for an hour.
This was Miss Power's third prize, making
hers the best record of any one contestant.
The three tests in question were the most
practical as well as the most difficult tests
given. Considering the fact that Miss
Power's practical experience with the type-
writer dates only from last November, as
she has heretofore been identified princi-
pally with the writing of shorthand plates,
her work is remarkably creditable.
Wednesday Night, March 22: Writing
a memorized sentence for one minute, five
minutes, ten minutes, limited to winners of
previous prizes. The competitors in this
test came out in the same order as they did
in a similar test Friday evening, which
lasted an hour:
Miss Becker, 130 words a minute, first
prize, $40,
Miss Klatcher,125'i. words, second prize, $25.
Miss Rohmer, 124V2 words, third prize, 3 lb.
box candy.
 f^^^^u^^/n^d^^^/ua^^Xfi^ ^
styles of writing which illustrate the W. W. Knisley,of the Elgin (111.) High
nature of the work the pen is intended to School, will leave the public school work
perform. on his own account next year. Several
other successful public school commer-
Messrs. Martindill and Kose of the Manis- cial teachers, having amassed a fortune
Ludington, Mich., Business Colleges in the public field, are going to try their
tee,
recently bought the Traverse City Busi- hand at becoming rich and powerful in
ness College of that state and are now the private school field.
bending all of their energies toward mak-
ing these three Colleges good schools in E. Leaniy, who has been with Burdett
J.
every particular. These gentlemen have College, Lynn, Mass., this year, will go to
worked hard for their well earned success, the Packard Commercial Scfiool, next
"The Union Teachers Bureau & School and we wish them a continuance of the year. Packard's will get one of the finest
Exchange," 203 Broadway, New York, prosperity they have enjoyed in the past. young men in the profession, a man who
Krank Vaughan manager, is sending out not only stands in the front rank of pro-
an effective folder circular, published in "Duluth Business University" and fessional teachers of penmanship, but
the interests of commercial teachers. One "They Ought to Know" are the titles of who also is expert in handling the other
side is filled to overtlowiog with portraits two brown-backed booklets by Mr. W. C. commercial subjects. That is what is
of many of our leading business educators McCarter, Duluth, Minn., which.for modern- needed nowadays, men who have more
and the other side Is filled with testimo- ness, good English, printing and illustra- than one song in their repertory.
nials. tions, we have not seen excelled, if equaled,
this year. Mr. McCarter is a man of edu- W. J. Sanders, this year with Burdett
Hill's Business College, Sedalia, Mo., is cation, and his education is of the technic- College, Boston, will have charge of the
sending out an effective catalog advertis- al and practical sort. In other words, he commercial department of Burdett College.
ing that well known institution. knows how to write a catalog, using clear- Lynn. Mass., next ypar. Mr. Sanders has
cut English to advertise the merits nf an few superiors in commercial teaching.
Oue of the most costly and elaborate up-to-date business educational institution.
catalogs received at this office during the C. E. Doner, whose work in these col-
year is at hand from the Wisconsin Busi- The Miller School of Sign Art, G. W. umns has been admired by our thousands
ness College, La Crosse, Wis. It is filled Miller, President, makes a specialty of of readers, has been re-elected supervisor
with hundreds of portraits of students teaching show card writing, and no doubt of penmanship in the Beverly (Mass.) pub-
with names and addresses, and where gives valuable instruction. Many young lic schools at a handsome increase of -

thev are employed. It appears to us to be men and women would find that they salary. He is making a great record in
a very effective' advertising medium, and could turn spare moments into doUors if his special work.
certainlv a most expensive one, although they mastered this art.
the best is the cheapest. It is printed Portsmouth (N. H.) High School has got
throughout on pebbled paper, which gives away from tradition, and is going to sub-
the half-tones a very soft effect. stitute a trip down the Hudson and a visit
to New York for the usual "doings" at
"Western Iowa College Journal,*' Council graduation.
Bluffs, la., is before us. and we find it to
be a neat, well-printed, attractive adver- Indianapolis has a splendidly enthusias-
tising medium. Interesting ticand enterprising team of men, Messrs.
Edgar T. Forsyth, of the Shortridge High
" The
Bookkeeper, Stenographer and
Telegrapher" published by the Framing-
News Items School, and Robert Hall, of the Manual
Training High School, who for four years
ham Busitiess College, So. Framingham, have organized an excursion in the
Mass.. comes to our desk regularly well spring, for the pupils and friends of the
laden with good things for prospective Indianapolis High Schodls. Theirs is
students. D. L. Callison, this year with the Man- really a mammoth undertaking. This
kato (Minn.) B. C. will be with T. W. year they went to St Augustine. Fla.,
Goldey College, Wilmington, Del issues ,
De Haven, of the Wichita (Kan.) B. C, during the first ten days of April, visiting
a catalog, which at first sight does npt next year. Knoxville, Tenn.. Asheville, N. C, famous
impress one as favorably as a number of Biltrnore, the great Vanderbilt estate in
others received at this office, but as one North Carolina, Columbia, S. C. Mont-
investigates its contents, it then measures S. S. Ellis, teaching
Crosswicks, N. J., is gomery, Ala., Lookout Mountain. Chicka-
up with the best of them. It is therefore in the commercial department of the New mauga Park, and Missionary Ridge. In
one of the best advertising mediums we Brunswick (N. J) B. C. fact, they practically covered the Soiath
have seen from any source. The moral with a trip the educational value of which
tone of the text, straightforward state- B. W. West, Bowling G-een, Ky., is in was simply inestimable. The booklet they
ments, and its variety of illustrations, charge of the commercial work in the issued regarding- the excursion was as
impresses us most favorably, indeed. Beckley (W. Va.) Seminar^-. * catchy as a Raymond and Whitcomb
prospectus. It made us hungry to be one
G. proprietor of the Du Cois
W. Thom, Henry Pitman, recently of Barbonr-
L. of the happy We trust the Indian-
party.
College of Business, issues an attractive ville, Ky., has engaged with the Albuquer- apolitians appreciate the enterprise of
little catalog. Mr Tliom by the aid of his que (N. Mex.) B. C. to follow H. B. Alman. these practical teachers, and we hope to
estimable wife conducts very successfully who goes to the K.-M. and S. Schools of hear that their earnest work has received
a home for the students in connection Business and Shorthand, Trenton, N. J. tangible recognition, for it takes immense
with the school. This feature has been work and it entails no small expense to
made possil>le by the generosity of Mr. plan and put into execution a trip like
John E. Du Bois. who rents for a nominal
W. W. Fry, who for some years has that. Let us hear from others. Mean-
sum an expensively built and Turnished been out of the teaching field, has taken while, get busy yourself. Here is a de-
the commercial department of the Palmer lightful game in which you can take a
hotel for this purpose. B. C Philadelphia. We wish him the
,
hand.
success that his vigorous and thorough
Recent advertising literature has been methods deserve.
received from the following; The Earth- Mr. J. W. Djnnell, of Cornwall, Ont., has
man Business University, Whitewright, W. A. Imbler. an Isaacs student of Los charge of the commercial department of
Tex. Holyoke Business Institute. Hotyoke,
;
AngelfS. is a new commercial teacher in the Meadville, Pa., Commercial College.
Mass.; Baltimore Business College, Fialti- the Hay ward B. C, St. Louis. This means that a good man has found a
more, Md. good location.
J. B. Williams, Bowling Green, Ky.. has
Advertising literature has recently been charge of the commercial work in Beau-
received from the following: Gregg Pub- voir College, Wilmaf, Ark., in place of L.
lishing Company, Chicago; Harv- Enierich, formerly there Mrs. James L. Lyster.
erhill Business College, Harverhill, requests the honour of your presence,
Mass.; Spenfeerian Business College, Wash- at the marriage of her daughter,
Fred Berkinan. of Downs, Kans., goes to Bertha,
ington, D. C; P. W. Costello. Scranton Pa.; the Pendleton (Oregon) B. Q.,- next year,
Parsons Business College, Parsons, Kans- to
as cotnniercial teacher. Mr William Clarence Bostwirk.
Norton County High School, Norton. Kas.
on Thursday evening, June the eighth,
H. N. Stronach. of Winnepeg, will be on nineteen hurulred and five,
Bliss Business College, North Adams, the faculty list of the Northwestern H. C, at eight o'clock,
Mass., S. McVeigh, Principal, is sending Spokane, Wash., next year. Princeton Presbyterian Church.
out Que of the nattiest booklets entitled Philadelphia.
"Experience of Others," containing por- Mr. and Mrs F. M. Booth, this year with
traits and testimonials of students, that the State B C. Minneapolis, will be in
has come our way for sometime. Mr. and Mrs. M. Tishler.
the shorthand department of the R.-M. request the pleasure of your company
and S. Schools. Trenton, N. J., to follow at the marriage of their daughter,
The Alumni Association of the South G. C. Savage, who will have charge of the Jennie.
Bend, Ind., Commercial College held its shorthand work in" the Salem (Mass i

to
first annual banquet at the Oliver Hotel of Commercial School.
that City Friday evening. May 12th. Good
Benj. Kupferman.
things, mental and gastrononiieal, were
on Sunday Afternoon, June Eleventh.
C. W. Zeilman, of Buena Vista College, nineteen hundreil and fi\e,
served and enjoyed by a large number of Storm Lake, Iowa, will teach shorthand at five o'clock,
former students of the school, as well as in the Shoemaker-Clark School, Fall Minot Hall, corner Washington and W.
those present, including the faculty. River, Mass. Mr. Zeilman is a college Springfield Sts.
graduate, who will bring breath and en- Boston Mass.
"Esterbrook Pens, What They Will Do" ergy to his new position, where he will
is the title of a 10-page circular" issued by meet, in W. S. Rogers, a teacher under Bride's Residence
the Esterbrook Steel Pen Manufacturing whom it will b»^ both pleasant and profit- SSCompton Street
Company, Camden, N. J. It gives many able to handle shorlliand Boston Mass.
3i ^^^u4/n^dy^(/iuaXi7^ ^
Mr. Rupert P. So Kelle. of the Academy of Some of the finest cards we have received
^-..s^ ,ffi^^S^^p5=_ .^"-^ap,,^ Idaho, recently contributed a very readable for manya day are at hand from the skill-
article upon penmanship to the Pocatello pen of H. K. Williams, Portland, Ore.
,

ful
Tribune. Pocatello, Idaho. We also have some script signatures from
his graceful pen which will appear in these
News Notes We regret to learn that the California
Business College, of San Francisco, failed
columns soon.
and Notices. sometime ago for $H.O(J0, and that a few of
the smaller schools of the coast have gone
Geo. Churchill of Storm Lake, la., has
organized the Mid-Western Commercial
out of business for want of patronage. School at Devils Lake, N. D.
School business on the coast seems not to
have been so good the past year as former- Misses Rhea I. Wagner and Elsa I'lfig,
ly, reasons for which we do not know. two fourteen year old pupils of the Elliott
c. A. Bli
«ill i.aiiiedto of the
Commercial "Schools, Wheeling, W. Va.,
thi^ Cit\ lie
May Bth, 1905. iMr=. Business College men in and about San- Mr. J. F. Caskey, teacher, recently secured
death of his wife on Francisco have been trying to get to- Business Educator Certificates. Their
Bliss had been a patient and heroic suffer gether to do away with solicitors, but at penmanship impresses us as being the
of consumption for some four years, and last account no agreement had been signed. best we have ever received from any one of
while her death seemed many times near, The solicitor question is an important one their age, except perhaps from some preco-
yet the end came with its usual sadness and, in some localities, a deplorable one. cious penman, whose skill was due largely
and sorrow. The plan many of our best school to talent. These young ladies, we under-
proprietors have adopted of having stand, have completed the entire commer-
Weare pleased to learn that the Lans- their teachers during the summer months cial course of the above named institution,
ing. Mich., Business College, conducted teach half days and solicit the other half is which indicates that they are not giving
Ijv Messrs. C. A. Wessel and H J. Beck, one method of solving the problem by all their time to penmanship. If you think
has found it necessary to secure new avoiding the commission e.xpense which is you have any that can beat them, let us
quarters for their school, and to double the considerable and also by reducing exagge- see the work, we might be willing to
floor space because of the increased atten- rated information to the minimum. A donate a certificate.
dance. We have known Mr. Wessel person- school man recently said that he believed
ally for 15 years, and we are not surprised the best solution of the problem of solici- Messrs. J. D. Carter, formerly of Missouri,
therefore at the success of the Lansing tors and soliciting would be to have one recently of Wisconsin, and C. W. Norder of
Business University. member of the firm or corporation do the McKeesport, Pa., two Zanerian students,
soliciting while the others do the office are working for Mr. C. L. Ricketts, the en-
On April 1st, Call's College, Pittsburg, Pa., work, teaching, advertising, etc. All of grosser of Chicago. These are fine joung
moved from their old quarters to .their these things would indicate that the solici- men in a fine place to learn fine engrossing.
present location 204 6th St. where they tor business is not what it should be nor
spared no e-xpense or labor in equipping what it shall be a few years hence. J. K. Renshaw, formerly of Banks' Busi-
their school in first-class style. On April ness College, Philadelphia, has contracted
20th, a fire broke out on the first floor and Geo. B. Frasher, formerly of the Wheeler with the Albany Business College at a very
got such a headway that it destroyed most Business College, New Orleans, La., now satisfactory salary.
of the school property. Enough room re- has charge of the commercial department
mained uninjured so that school continued. of Hill's Business College, Waco, Tex. Mr. H. A. Reneau, of the Ft. Smith, Ark.,
With commendable zeal and enterprise Commercial College, is accomplishing
the work of remodeling began without de- excellent results in the line of writing Mr.
lav. Mr. Wm. Bauer, the penman, lost Reneau all-round
nearly all of his pen work, and also received S. S. HOOKLAND is a well-qualified,
He writes
a serious scalp wound by falling from one
young commercial teacher.
exceptionallj- well, and will be heard of
floor to another. Our last letter from him more frequently in the future.
reveals the fact that while nature is doing
her part with his scalp, he is doing his part Mr. W. C. Wollaston, of Wisconsin, has
toward replacing the specimens. joined hands with Mr. D. A. Reagh, of
Owosso, Mich., to conduct the Owosso
Business College. This means a strong
team and a fine school.

eeunsel
On April 6th, at noon, Mrs. A. R. Whit- Sum up at night, what thou hast done by
.more presented her husband with a ten day
pound girl. Our congratulations are here- And in the morning what thou hast to do.
by tendered tn the mother, father, and Dress and undress thy soul; mark the decay
Indianapolis. And growth of it; if with thy watch, that too
Be down, then wind up both since we ;

The genial John F. Sob}', who has been shall be

with the Remington Typewriter Co., for Most surely judged, make thy accounts
nearly a quarter of a century, recently se- agree.
cured' an interest in the Multigraph Co., In brief, acquit thee bravely; play the man.
of Cleveland, O., and engaged with them Look not on pleasures as they come, but go,
as eastern sales manager, with headquar- Defer not the least virtue; life's poor span
ters at IMS Broadway, New York City, where Make not an ell, bv trifling in thy woe.
they are about to open. If thou do ill, the jov fades, not thepams;
If well, the pain doth fade, the joy remains.
We learn that the Tuscola, (111.) Business —Georne Herln-rt.
College was recently destroyed by fire.

E. E. KENT. SHER'SVIN CODY.

w. c. SPRAGUE.

A Few of the Many Whose Product M'ill Appear in the B. E. the Coming Year.
 f^JfSBud/n^U^i^/iuuiir* ^
One of the commonest of human
traits is following suit. We do thus
and so because our fathers before us
did likewise. We follow certain paths
because unwritten laws declare them
^l?e Success (£trclc. proper. And, cowards that we
are, we give praise and credit to the
G Department of (Encouragement, 3n= few brave ones who dare custom and
defy public opinion. It is a case of
spiration, progress, Bealtl], €tc. compulsion, since these are the only
ones in any measure deserving of our
Conducted by L. M. THORNBURGH, Paterson, N. J., plaudits. It is a sorr)- fact, never-
Commercial High School. theless.
Too often this " lack " of opportun-
ity is attributable to defects of
mental or spiritual vision. That
Vou never Can Cell is always in the man who wins it, not which is beyond reach is easily seen,
in conditions. No man becomes but some strange mist clouds, the
BY ELLA WHEELER WILCOX great by accident great things are things close at hand Sometimes !
;

never done by chance a man gets ;

that mist is laziness, sometimes
You never can when you send
tell a word. what he pays for it, in character, in doubt, sometimes fear. It is always
T*ike an arrow shot from a bow work, and in energy. A boy would of human origin, however. God
By an archer blind, be it cruel or kind. better put luck out of his mind if he places no insurmountable barriers
Just where it ma>' chance to go.
means to accomplish anj-thing. There between man and his welfare. He
It may pierce the breast of your dearest are few really fine things which he has fashioned the earth to fill our
friend.
cannot get if he is willing to pay the needs, and the times to bless us.
Tipped with its poison or balm. price. Men fail, as a rule, because All we can rightly want is here,
To a stranger's heart, in life's great mart,
they will not pay the price of the and when we stretch forth our hands
It may carry its pain or its calm. thing they want; they are not willing to the work of these boundless fields,
to work hard enough, to prepare with our hearts behind them, we '

You never can tell when you do an act need have no fear for the harvest.
Just what the result will be;
thoroughly enough, to put themselves
heartily into what they are doing. But if we are blind to what is nearby,
But with every deed you are sowing a seed, and can see only according to pre-
Though the liarvest you may not see. The only road to advancement is to
do your work so well that you are scription, we shall soon awake to the
Each kindly act is an acorn dropped sad realization that while we waited
In God's productive
always ahead of the demands of your
soil.
position. Keep ahead of your work, some worked.
You may not know, but the tree shall grow. The when is oftimes of more im-
With shelter for those who toil. and your work will push your for-
tunes for you. Our employers do not portance than the where or the how.
You never can tell what your thoughts decide whether we shall stay where The prompt man is very apt to be of
we are or go on and up we decide greater service than either the learned
will do. ;

that matter ourselves. We can drift or the skilled. The timely doing of a
In bringing you hate or love;
along, doing our work fairly well or little thing is sometimes worth more
For thoughts are things, and their airy ;

wings we can set our faces to the front and than the belated accomplishing of a
Are swifter than carrier doves. do our work so well that we cannot vast undertaking.
They follow the law of the universe — be kept back. In this wav we make And in just such a small matter
Each thing must create its kind. or mar our own fortune. Success or may be hid the best of opportunities.
And they spted o'er the track to bring j'ou failure are not chosen for us we ;
They are not often heralded by
choose them for ourselves. trumpets. They steal into life with
back
JVIiatei-er went out from j-our tnind.
— Hamilton IV. Mabie. little or no warning. The man who
is there when they come is the one
who may be carried to heights sub-
Opportunity lime on their outspread wings at last.
Cbe Only Oiay — Philadelphia Xorth Ainericati.
How many men have died waiting
There are two kinds of men in the for an " opportunity " !

world those who sail and those who

: How many slaves to senseless my Symphony
drift those who choose the ports to
; custom stand and wait for the months
which they will go, and skillfully and to pass without even seeing the To content with small means
live ;

boldly shape their course across the whitened fields at hand Then arise !
to seek elegance rather than luxury,
seas with the wind against it, and voices of lamentation, bewailing the and refinement rather than fashion;
those who let the winds and tides lack of life. The world is "unfair" to be worthy, not respectable and ;
carry them_ where they will. The men and "unjust" and a man " has no wealthy, not rich to study hard,
who sail, in due time arrive; those chance." Yet all this might soon be
;

who drift, often cover greater dis- changed to a song of joy and thanks- think quietly, talk gently, act frankly ;

tances and face far greater perils, giving, if only we would cast away to listen and birds, babes
to stars
but they never make port. The men the scales and lift up our eyes. and sages, open heart; to bear
w'ith
who sail know where they want to go There is an opportunity for every all cheerfully, do all bravelv. await
and what they want to do they do ; hour of every life. It remains solely occasions, hurry never; in a word, to
not wait on luck or fortune or favor- with man himself whether or not let the spiritual, unbidden and un-
able currents they depend on them-
; these shall be seized and made the conscious, grow up through the com-
selves and expect no help from cir- most of. No blame can attach to the mon. This is to be my symphony.
cumstances. Success of the real kind world. — Wm. He?iry Chaiinitig.

e '-"%

Ccacl] men tt^at tl^c results of rrrong^boinui arc to all alike sure; ttjat \\\txt is no coasion, no compromise; that on the
arct^ mhicl] henSs abore us all is roritten, " iEbe soul that sinnetl^, it shall Me." (Eeacb tl^e hiijl^cst anb tlje lomcst alike
tbattl;iswarnina is for tl^em. 2!cacli all men tliat the pEitt)itiay of mrotuvboinoi is the patljaiai) of pain; tliat pain Icjbs to
tepentanoe, anb repentance opens tlie pearly gates of life anb joy. ilcacl) men these thinas, anb virtue mill not mecp for
her lost scepter nor tt'tckebness snatch from her forcticab her jcmclcb crouni.— Ker. 3- >£• ^\obcrts.

^ ^^
 - :
,.^
Specimens
Keceived

Mr. Geo. C
Wright, who lias charge of the
commercial work in Robert College, Con-
stantinople, Turkey, forwarded to The BUS-
INESS Educator a bundle of specimens of
business writing by his students. The
movement exercises he submitted are as
good as the best received at this office from
any From his letter we quote as
place.
follows: "There are nearly fifteen nation-
alities represented here, and all seem to be
keen, bright and eager to learn, and are far
stronger intellectually than they are gen-
erallj' supposed to be." The ink used in
writing most of the specimens prevented
their being engraved. The specimens show
that the pupils are acquiring a handwriting
that is well balanced because of the fact
that form and movement are Ijeing taught
and acquired at one and the same time.
G. W. Hootman, Principal of the Peoria.
Business College, is securing intensely
111.,
practical results in business writing, as
evidenced by specimens before us. Messrs.
Hootman and Whitman are endeavoring to
build up the best business school in the
great valley.
Mr. W. K. Crouthamel. Principal of the
Commercial Department of the Kider-Moore
& Stewart School, Trenton. N. J., writes a
splendid business hand, evidence of which
is before us in a nicely written letter with
appreciative terms for The BUSINESS EDU-
CATOR.
Mr. J. K. Renshaw. Banks' Business Col-
lege, Philadelphia, Pa., is an enthusiastic
teacher of practical writing. Specimens
before us are among the best received at
this ofBce, indicating that he secures
results on the part of his pupils.

Miss Jeanette Baldwin, supervisor of pen-

manship, Los Angeles, Calif., favored us
with some specimens from the High School
pupils, revealing the fact that penmanship
is receiving the same enthusiastic and
practical attention that our best business
schools are giving. The work received
compares favorably with the best received
at our office, indicating that Miss Baldwin
is up-to-date in methods, and that she
secures practical results.
Mr. A. T. Scovill. of the Pennsylvania
Business and Shorthand College, Lancas-
ter, Pa., is securing excellent results in the
way of business writing on the part of his
pupils. A number of certificates hare
found their way to that institution, and
others will follow. We have never seen as
good results in business writing a? is ar-
riving almost daily from many scho<)ls, the
pupils of which have been following Mr.
Doner's lessons. Mr. Scoville is to be com-
plimented upon the results he is securing.
Some verv fine ovals from E. Honce and
W. J. Wolfe, students in Wood's College.
Newark, N. j., are at hand from Mr. I. L.
Calvert, teacher. Mr. Calvert is a faithful
and efficient teacher, and the results he is
securing on the part of his pupils are prac-
tical, and such as will stand the test of
business requirements. BUSINESS EDU-
CATOR Certificates of Proficiency in Pen-
manship will ere long find their way to
Newark.
Mr. L. J. Egelston, of the Rutland, Vt..
Business College, submits a specimen of
ovals done by a pupil, Mr. Vinor Edger- C
ton, which compares with the best received
at this office. Mr. Egelston believes in
good penmanship and gives it the attention
that it deserves, and that all up-to-date
schools are giving it.
Some otfhand engrossingscript is at hand
from J. F. Caskey, penman in the Eliott
Commercial School, Wheeling, W. Va.,
wliich for effectiveness and skill we rarely
see equaled. Mr. Caskev is a successful
all-round penman, and the results he is
securing at the hands of his pupils is
surprising.
 ^^^ly, .^
(^ /j^ f^:^^-.=,^^^^^^z..^^

Mr. C. H. Spryer. Pittsburg, Pa., writes writing an uncommonly common-sense therefore not up to the standard Mr. Casey
well, evidence of which is before u^ in the hand, Miss Gettins does not need to take ultimately intends to bring it. We have
form of a nicely written letter. second place for any one. found the work headed in the right direc-
tion. We found some of the work well
Penmanship in the First Pennsylvania J. H. Bachtenkircher, Lafayette, Fnd., is done, even at this stage of the progress.
State Normal School, Millersville, Pa.. sending out quite a large compendium of Movement is receiving the attention it de-
E- W. Strickler penman and commercial fresh from the pen copies. The old English serves, and it is only a question of but a few
teacher, is receiving enthusiastic attention fresh from his pen is unique and artistic. 3'ears until the work throughout the grades
on the part of the pupils of that institution. Mr. Bachtenkircher believes in quality as will be of a thoroughlv practical nature.
By all odds the largest club received by us well as quantity. Mr. Casey has the work well in hand, and
during May came from that institution. we compliment him upon the beginning he
And, better still, the largest club received J. D. Carter, penman in the Appleton, has made. Among the many hundred
during the year at one time for the Profes- Wis., Business College, swings a skillful specimens submitted we have selected a
sional Edition came from Mr. Strickler. pen. He also sends specimens of student's few of the best as follows: Anna Ballon,
This indicates that the pupils of the above w^ork w^hich show the right kind of training Grade S, Earle St. School; Philomene Sut-
school are giving to the subject of com- in business writing. Mr. Carter is not only ton, Grade 9, Earle St. School; Albertine
mercial education the attention it deserves. a penman, but a thorough commercial Oulude. Grade 9, Earle St. School; and
Millersville Normal is what its name teacher. Edna Dulude, Grade Earle St. Scliool.
it,
implies — first.
Mr. C. O. Smith, Antioch, O., enclosed Mr. E.O. Folsom. of the Fitchburg (Mass.),
Harry Johnson, 16 yearsof age, Alliance,
L. with some subscriptions specimens of his
0.,does some very creditable work in old Business College, favors us with a couple
students' writing, which show more than of the finest movement exercises we have
English text lettering. He writes well, too. usual improvement. One of the specimens, seen this year, done by Maude Hobbs and
which was done freely with the arm move- Jennie M. Cobb. We expect to present at
Mr. H, B Lehman, of the Central High ment, was by Lena Lude. but eight years of
School, St. Louis, Mo., is not one of your least one of these in the September BUSI-
age. NESS Educator. Mr. Folsom is doing
noisy kind of teachers, but when it comes
to swinging a graceful and accurate pen, Mr. H. E. Wassell. penman in the Aurora, good work as shown by these masterful
in the Spencerian style, he is not excelled, Nebr., Business College, sends specimens specimens before us.
if equalled. Our readers will no doubt be of business writing from the students of
delighted to learn that Mr. Lehman has his penmanship class, and we are pleased Mr. E. L. Wiley of the Mountain City
prepared a series of lessons in business to say that the same are considerably above Business College, Chattanooga, Tenn.. en-
writing for THE BUSINESS EDUCATOR, and the average received at this office. We closes with a nice-sized club to The BUSI-
these lessons will appear some months have received but few better specimens in NESS Educator, some very graceful and
hence. This will be a hne series for aspir- one bundle from any one. skillful strokes from his pen. in the wav of
ing penmen who desire to jiet their work up some writing and flourishing Mr Wiley
to the professional standpoint. A large bundle of specimens arrived from has long since borne the reputation of
the pupils of the fourth to the ninth grades being one of the finest penmen in the
Miss Emily W. Gettins, supervisor of inclusive of the public schools of Woon- South, and a humber of specimens before
writing in the Youngstown, O., public socket, R. I.. D. A. Casey, supervisor of us appears as tViougli the honor still re'-ts
schools, is also training the nurses of the writing and Principal of the High School modestly and skillfully upon his shoulders.
Mahoning Valley Hospital of that city. Commercial Department having favored He enclosed some work of a pupil of his,
Some of the work received indicates that us with the same. Movement has been Mr. W. W. Davis, which does credit to a
she is training them to do the work thor- introduced but two years, and the work is professional.
oughly. While the work is all good, that
received from Nellie Crowley, Leona Lan-
nig^an and Meria Boutin is exceptionally-
good. We hardly know w^hom to compli-
ment most, teacher or pupils. We ^vill com-
AMERICAIS TEACHERS' BUREAU. 'iZ'r'.Lr Bun,>na.
pliment both, and then reserve a little of
the credit for ourselves, as these young
FREE REGISTRATION.
teachers in all parts of the United States.
Send
We need teachers or
for blanks- today. Positions for
we would not be
ladies are subscribers to The BUSINESS
Educator and Intend meriting our Cer- running this ad. WE SELL SCHOOL PROPERTY.
tificates some time. When it comes to G. E. POPLE, Manager.

BY MK. I. A. ROSAKIO, KILIPINO, PUI'IL OF ?IR. ,s. E. LESLIE. PENMAN IN EASTMAN COLLEGE, POUGHKEEPSIE, N. V.
 .^^rSBiO/n^d^^iUfaiil^ ^
UlbV V«u Fail to eet Results in englisb rOR SALE - GOOD BUSINESS COLLEGE
^-^^^^~^^ in a town of 3,000 inhabi-
tants, located in the richest farming dis-
English is a complicated and delicate trict of Illinois. School has a reputation
subject. If you are to teach it successfullj' second to none for thoroughness in work.
and make your students worth more money F. F. LEONARD,
when they get into offices and the business
of life, you must adopt a working system
Tuscola, Illinois.

replete with practical devices for getting

results QUICKLY and agreeably.
I have nearly ready the most complete WANTED— An A-1 position for a first-
and successful system for teaching busi- classcommercial teacher as teacher of
ness Knglish in all its branches that has
ever been oflfered to American schools. It
Gregg shorthand, or bookkeeping, com-
is the message of the most successful
busi-. mercial law, commercial arithmetic,
ness men in this country to the trainers of penmanship, etc. Address, L. N. R.,
the successful men and women of the Care of Business Educator,
future. It is the thing the advertising Columbus, O.
head of the largest retail business in this
country had in mind when he wrote to me
the other day, " Lives and careers are being
tnolded by your writings. Nearly every-
body in my office now owns a set of your the ORIGINAL SCHOOL.
books. I know a number of businessmen
Mr. J. H. Batclienkircher, supervisor of
sTUDv Founded In 1800. Successful
graJutttes everywiiere. Approved

who carry them in their pockets almost all

the time, so as to utilize the spare time on
the trains." Mr. Louis Guentner, proprietor
writing in the public schools of Lafayette,
Ind., does not belie his title. He is not only
supervisor of the subject, but he teaches it
LAW by bar and l:iw colleges. Regular
Cu.Iego Liiw Course and Eusinese
Law Coarse. Liborat
Special Offer Now.
Catalogue Free.
Terms.

as well, and through others secures results.

of the Mailorder Journal, says: "A person He is putting into practice some of the Spraguo Correspondence
must be a dunce in the fullest meaning of latest theories, and. by the results secured, School of Law,
the word who fails to secure many times he is demonstrating that they are some- 733 Uajcstic Bldg., Oetrolt.Mlch.

the value of the $10 you ask for your corre- thing more than theories. Little six-year-
old tots are required to do but little writing,
spondence course." Mr. B. H. Jefferson, and no small writing. As a consequence,
Advertising Manager for Lyon & Healey they learn to use the arm rather than the
fingers. The work from the first year up to
(who recently sent me a check for $100 to and including the High School shows better
Successful and Experienced GraKam Teacher
apply on training courses for all their blending of form and inovenient than has Desires interest in thriving institution in city of
correspondents), says: "Your training come to our notice from anvothercitv. The 50.000 or more inhabitants, or will accept depart-
course in business letter writing is just my work from tlie first year in High School is
remarkably neat and business like. The
ment principalship. Advertiser is a fine pen-
It ought to man, and expert in more than one line. Several
idea of what it should be. eighth year work, or the last year in the years principal and manager in present position,
double the efficiency of the average cor grammar grades, is excellent, when we which is permanent, and no change will be made
respondent." take intoconsideration the many conditions unless excellent inducements are offered.
which exist in the public schools as con- Address '* Expert." care of Business Educator.
What has been so successful with busi- cerns the crowded curriculum, and little Columbus, Ohio.
ness men I now offer to you in form to pre- time left for either careful writing or the
practice of writing.
sent to your students, so that when they Left handed pupils are not required to
get to be the heads of the great houses they change to the right hand, and they make
will not have to study elementary English the best and fastest writers. Individuality
in slant and stvie is one of tlie encouraging
by correspondence. features of the work lieing done in the
This new school system consists of the Lafayette schools.
following:
" Word-Study," accompanied by exercise
notebook, a system of teaching spelling SOMETHINQ NEW-ARTISTIC-UNIQUE
that really teaches it. 3 Flourishes, till iJifereiit, in 3 colors, each 2m\;
the three for 50c.
"Grammar and Punctuation," accom-
All fresh from the pen mailed in tube. Suita
panied by extended special exercises in hie for framing. Mr. Zaner says: "Mr. Ger-
notel-jook form. hold's bird and scroll flourishes are skillful, ef
" Good English Form Book in Business fective, novel, and out-of-the-ordinary. They
represent harmony in color as well as in line."
Letter Writing," with quizz and 32 facsimile Address L. E. GERHOLD, 236 E. Town St..
letters to be answered, complete with nota- Columbus, Ohio.
tions and letter-heads on which to answer.
Want a position ?
These six books, three cloth bound for Want a teacher?
permanent use, only $1.00 for all. The letter I,. P. W. STIEHL, DOYOn Want a partner?
writing book and exercises indispensable
Want to buy a school ?
to every shorthand student), 50c. Specimen Alexandria, - Virginia, Want to sell a school ?
If so, let us hear from you.
sheets and bound books now ready. 623
or exchange a Business Col-
Opera House Bldg., Chicago. Will purchase, sell
liLICK'S TEACHERS' AGENCY,
lege. Write hi L. Glick, Mgr. Concord, N. M.

SPENCERIAN
PERFECT

Steel
USED BY EXPERT AND CAREFUL
Pens
PENME.N FOR NEARLY FIFTY YEARS
Sample card. 12 pens different patterns,
Will !)• sent fur trialon receipt ofli cents in
stase stamps. Ask for card R.
SPENCERIAN PEN CO.
•49 BROADWAY, NEW YORK

Cf^^^u-e.^^t^jy'rd a'rv</ 7ioi.^-£<^fiyA.£'^rt '<^'<-^ i>^'-<>''ny^ yy^c**'

C^fu.'J^*U4>nu^^CeCci^tMZrr
\ ^
 f , 5".c-t:<: /

Q/„

^;^<r?rZ.-2>y ,

"GEMS IN LINE AND SHADE," BY THE LATK C. C. CANAN.

AV ANTED —BY A WELL-ESTAliLl8H KD,

high-class commercial school in Illinois, a
superior teacher of shorthand; must be a good
typist and fully competent to assume entire con-
Wart-ensbur^'MiclleLncI Teachers* A.^encies
trol of the shorthand department; must be able Offices: Townsend, Montana, Winnebago City, Minn., W&rrensburg, Missouri,
to make a small investment; good salary. For Indianapolis, Indiana, Room 92 When Building.
full information address A. C- H..
Care of Business Euccator, SPECIALISTS FrhWls/IK!/ FOR ALL DEPART?IENTS FKEE.
Columbus, Ohio. Splendiil opportunities offrrcd the " up to-ilate " teacher. We coi'er the heel
Held ill tlie I'nited States for tlie teuclier hacked br ABILITY.
" Ko registration
fee if roll write tlie iWart rtisl>tirg office inclosing stamp. Fourth Year.

LEARN PtllSMANShlP
I-L/^/A/T r t^i^iTi^iijiiir AT
^1 HOME
iHflTiL. it pays well. Ifs interesting. It brings
you into prominenee and opens the doors
of firms lo >oii. I'raetice eveninjiS and spare time. Our eourses are the best. We give
Itiisint.'s
rwice as many lessons as others and twice as many copies. Students' work critieised. Valuable
! lOIi in ever\ point Bea it'ul copies, (resh from the pen Improve after you leave school.
s SO nn bco me sk llful ider our in,«truction. Business Writing. $3. ,50, Ornamental, $7.00.
P a Id Pe nholde rs liir Ished free. Pen Lettering, $3,00. One dozen cards 20 cents. Our
tiue prices.
St ng ;a alogi efree Sma f-pecinien for stamp. Write at once.
Spn& copy for estimates ELLSWORTH m. WHITMORE,
anb informntion. College. Philadelphia. Pa.

<?. 5. ftcnberson,
/f =^
106 XO. 64tlj St., Z1. y.
Faust s Automatic Shading Pens Are the Best

We
Manufacture
These Peas,
Also

r STOP rAVSVS
SHADING-
Pf/V INKS

JUST OUT! and rAUST'S

PATENT
A new line of MYOCRAPH.
Snappy Advertising for
SCHOOL MEN We are wholesale and retail deale s in all kiuds of Penmanship Specialties, Writing Pens
Samples sent on request. Cards, Card Board, Fine Inks, Oblique Holders, etc. Everything needed by student! or pro
fessional penmen.
We have just issued a fine, large, illustrated catalogue. Send for it.
HARDING ADV. CO. .Sample Automatic Pen, any size, and a bottle of our best ink, any color, mailed for 25c.

17 West Park Street, Newark, N. J.

AUTO PEN & INK MFG. CO., 40 DEARBORN ST CH ICAGO
^
,

^
I C^!^nA-&''rii^d.£^r-::f O'^z^ ^w-^.iSu*'^-*'-^^' -^f^t^S? ^^^i-iSt"-?^^ .^^u^^n^ ^^^ ^ C^^L^, 73.4cd<^'yl.^.^i^<E^^<^^cc.<><z.^^^'7^ I
 '
'

'
—^ . n
- LESSONS IN -

723 THROOP ST. = ??r/'^. ft CHICAGO. ILL

:..;;:';_:i
'

' — .....
—
-:- ;..-..-. -
°"~'^

This lesson and the lessons following are planned with the idea that you have practically mastered the first lesson. I confi-
dently believe that you build the foundation with the first lesson, and the superstructure by those following. Remember that your
building is only as strong as your foundation.
Rule head and base lines as in Lesson No. 1.
The first exercise, as you will see by e-xatnining the copy, is the governing principle in this lesson, and I will explain it fully
before explaining letters in detail. Place your pen on the head line, and gradually put more pressure upon your pen, until you
cover three-fourths of the space to the base line; then quickly release pressure and you will get the correct shade.
The letter c is made up of four parts. First, introductory stroke; second, shade; third, depends upon how j-ou begin shade —
if with a hook, as I have in one marked with a cross, you only need a dot; If the other case, you must make a short stroke with a
dot on the end, to balance letter; fourth, is the finishing stroke.
The letter e is the same as letter c with one exception; instead of a dot, make a loop which extends from the top to about
half way to the base line, or opposite to where the Introductory stroke touches the shade.
The first letter r is made np of five parts; first, introductory stroke about one-fourth space above head line; second, horizontal
stroke about one-half space long; third, shade; fourth, a delicate shade on the part that extends above the head line; fifth, the
finishing stroke. The difference in the second r is that instead of making a horizontal stroke, you make a diagonal stroke one-third
space long, and naturally the shade assumes the shape of the one used in the letter i.
The letter o is made up of three parts. First, introductory stroke; second, oval without lifting pen from paper; third, finishing
stroke. A delicate shade is very often placed on the upper right hand side of letter which improves it very much.
The letter a is made up of the letter o and the letter i without the dot. A delicate shade is often placed on the a, though
shorter than the one on o.
The letter s I consider the most difficult of the small letters. Make introductory stroke as in letter r, one and one-fourth spaces
in heighth. Then begin on head line, making a rather full turn to the right, drawing your pen towards the introductory stroke as
you near the base line, and finish with a dot. The shade on the s is very much like the shade on the c when inverted.
Hints — While studying the copy, did you notice that the right side of the shade in letters c. e, r, o, and a, is straight and on
the slant of your writing, and that the left side bulges out, and that the s is just the opposite? And in practice, if you make a
shade quickly, not spasmodically nor drawing it along the line, you gjt a graceful, clean-cut shade?
eriticisms
H. W. Hartford, Conn. —Your specimen is well done, but send more.
S., You can greatly improve your work by keeping it within
the limits of the guide lines, and also conceal pen-lifting at bottom of letters. In making last part of n or m. it seems you have a
tendency to turn the pen and to put all the work on the right nib, thereby bringing stroke inward, which is incorrect. Top of r
and last part of v and w are made a little higher than other one-space letters. Dot should be placed one space above letter i.
W. L. J., Quincy, 111. — Make your shades of the same thickness. Your lower turns are too angular; not full enough. See above
criticism for r, v and ir, and square your corners and you will be surprised at the improvement.
W. A. R.. Pennington, N. J. — Take more pains with your work; speed will come after you master the forms. Square corners,
and have shades of same thickness. Either your ink is too thick, or vou use a poor pen; use 303 Gillott pen. I wrote a few letters
on back of your practice. Send me specimen so that I may put it away if you intend following this course.

A GOOD SUGGESTION PRACTICAL PEN DRAW-

A recent buyer writes : ings, the kind that pay,
" Your ink received, and it is as you say, black;
and how to make them,
it dries quickly, and I can erase my pencil out-
lines without fear of loosing its blackness. My by
friend Mr wants to buy a stick but he wants To all that an-
to know if you have a smaller size, because he swer this adver- 1-r
thinks he could hardly use up the $2 00 size." tisement and send
I have a size {same brand as the $2.00 size* me a dime 111 ,£' \ IS MV SPECIALTY.
which is just a fourth of the large size, and which give the above in- f '^ cards for 15'-. A pack of samples and terms t<
a rod stamp. AGENTS WANTED. lOO hian
1

sells for 50 cents, with complete instructions, formation, in- B A colors, 15c postpaid. KXK) blank cards by express
postpaid. Send for it and improve the appear-
ance of your work. A stone for grinding ink Designs, and send
will be sent to you at your expense for 50 cents. Free a copy of my
Address
"
R. A. CEPEK, Steel Square Mat, a wonderful schanical edu- Ve. A.. BODE,
Chicago, cater. 4S 27th St. S. S. Pittsburg. Penna
723 Throop St.. ill.
 ^^^^ud/n^U^^^/iu^a/fr' ^
A
CERTIFIED PUBLIC
ACCOUNTANT
Will tell yon how you may successfully
take the state examination and become a

C. p. A.
Do you want this information?
It will cost you only a penny postal
From left to right: A. H. Hinman, J. E. Leamy, L. Mada- card or a two-cent stani]) to get it.
rasz, E. M. Huntsinger, C. E. Doner— the " big five " of the E.
C. T.- A. Simpl}' send your name and address
This illustration is from a photo made and kindly finished to the address given below and full de.
by Mr. L. F. Noble, So Framingham, Nass., who is an artist
itithis line, as well as in penmanship. tails will be sent you.
The blackboard illustrations by Mr. Hinman at the E. C. The facts will come to you direct
T. A. seem to have been exceptionally fine — as fine perhaps
as human hand and brain ever evolved and executed. " John
D." probabl J' never equaled them — Hinman is alone in this
from a C
P. A. who was until recently
an examiner foi- the New York Board
line of Iieauty.
of Regents.
The information is absolutely accurate
— and itcosts you absolutely nothing to
make the inquiry.

Drop a Card Today to

A Business Speller
Frank Broaker, C. P. A.
A comprehensive little Book on Spelling',
]20 pag-es of words most frequently seen in
business correspondence. Divided into les- 150 Nassau Street,
sons of fifty words each. Several lessons of
words pronounced alike, but spelled differ-
ently. Just the thing for the school room.
NEW YORK CITY.
Sample Copy Postpaid for 25c.
ADDRESS OF MR. ENOS SPENCER, PRESIDENT,
Business Letter Writing (From Report of Chicago Meeting — Private
Commercial School Man.Tgers' Asso-
One and brightest little works
of the neatest
ciation, Dec. 26-31, 1904.)
on Commercial Correspondence. Unlike any-
thing published. Write for sample page's. "We pliniild encourage our teachers to take up tlie
Si)iglc Copy Se'/it Postpaid for 50c. stii(l>' of .iccounting, to i^et in toiicli with and keep abreast
of tlie best business methods and be prepared to instruct
our students in the advanced systems of bookkeeping and
Other Books Published accounting, so tliat thej' will be able to improve the
methods in use and thus become active leaders in the
Are " Musselman's Practical Bookkeeping," business and financial world.
"High School Bookkeeping," "Commercial "The Certified Public Accountant movement is fast
Law," Commercial Arithmetic." spreading from state to state and it will not be many
years before every state will have laws establishing the
Try a Box of Musselman's Perfection Pens.
Price, Twen<y-five Cents.
degree of C. P. A. It will pay us as managers and proprie-
tors to get in touch with this movement and to have our
teachers so qualify themselves that they will be enabled
to pass the examinations to secure the degree. In fact, it
Bhe D. L. Musselman seems to me that the day is not far distant when the
teachers in the best grade of private commercial schools
will be men who are Certified Public Accountants, or at
Pub. Co. least of that degree of qualification.
QVIMCY, - - ILLINOIS " I would especially recommend the Course given l^j-
Mr. Broaker, No. 150 Nassau Street, New York, N. Y,"

l^^t'^^^^ti^^^ O'n^ 7it4,^'.£t^-^i.t-ra ^ctn.^ t/nx-'ny^. c^nx.71iuU^1.^^ud:i<^^c^^i^r \

 ,^^3Bu4/ned^4ifaiUr' ^
lhin)s.lhiil(/ilollurs is too
in the
much to pay
Madarasz Method of Practical Writing.
for one month's instruc-
It R. C. KING'S
, take other schools' tuition rates as a standard, it is about
nuch — If you take the net results of good you get from my penmanship
instruction.
„ „ ,.,.^, ,,„...< too liltW. I cover more ground in genuine
money-making
course in America in a
Monthly Statemeivt
instruction in 24 lessons than you can possibly get in any other
Madarasz Method all meat; because it is absolutely s"ye of produc-
year, because the is

because I KNOW HOW -all this is backed up by 30 years

art can be so ca led and
ing best results; because it is scientific, if the teaching of anyexperience, and the prool ;
and Editorial.
of getting results in the Eagan School of Business,
Hoboken, N. J., which are nn
equalled. This is my side of the story.
nere
Here'ss » Your
our Siae ar»a
jjioe o..^ Opportunity
ff — : You are urgently invited to
^ ^^^^ ^^ teachers course, pay
lake a successful teacher.
when you get through pay only if you kii_
;

pav only in case you are perfectly satished.- one.ever J

,

.,-.. » ~ — , iT "
made a squarer otier. --

pie and have it too." No other school or teacher

It is not too late to make up your mind
whether you can afford it, because if .vou
I'"
are satisfied when you get through and cant pay '»'„^ '»>>"?, f""?,-^' over again
time you want to square the account — a year, or more. Think it over, ana f ';/oTr''3La^n
~ ' "
'nmlf: Begin July 1 1905.,Place Eagan School,
:
Hoboken N.J.
ekij auu
eklv Appointments: Superb. Teacher:
and up. avv
^^ MADA.R.A.SZ. 1281 Third Ave., New Yori
. ir ,.t

A+E=0. Ability+Energy
=Opportunity.
The ability to do a few tilings in a
Superior manner is the secret of
success. The Ability to execute a
Masterful style of Business or Orna-
mental writing has been the secret
^aai^i^A^^i^i/z^^y^/^y^J- /^-'//•/y/-^'. y^^/ /'• '^'^fi^^,-e^'-,/Svr,^^l^r-c^^lir ^j/fr, A/ of many a young man and young
woman's success. My ability to
teach a Magnificent style of Busi-
ness or Ornamental Writing is
known toHundreds, yes, Tlious-
ands. I want Thousands of others
to know it. I WANT YOU TO
KNOW IT.
My method of PRESENTATION
and DEVELOPMENT is anoriginal
idea of mine, and I guarantee satis-
faction. All I ask is an opportunity
to prove to YOU that my courses in
Business, Ornamental Writing and
Lettering are - The Best Ever."
The Energy which will be trans-
mitted to YOU when Y'OU enroll
with me for one or more of my
courses, will enable Y'OU to open
the door — Opportunity— and when
the course or courses are completed
YOU WILL BE prepared to earn—
$$$$$$$$$$$$«**•
me
Do The Right Thing. Write
about my courses Right Now. He
who does it To-day has an immense
advantage over him who expects
to do it To-morrow.
Yours truly.

2851 Oakland Ave..

MINNEAPOLIS. MINN.
 ^^^^ud^i^U/^Oiu^Oi^ ^ 41

Morris to become a wizard of the quill.

GROSSING
and IHumlnatlng of Testimonials, Memor-
Three years later, he had the good fortune
to take acommercial coursein the Birming-
ham Business College where he got pen-
ials, Coatsof-Ainu, Certificates, In
gold,
silver and colors. All styles; framing or manship from C, R. Tate, now of Cincin-
album simple or elaborate. It We also
:
nati. After leaving school he accepted a
design and engrave for cafalosrs and adver-
Hsements. We are Penmanship Headquar- position with a Memphis firm as collector
ters. Anythingthat's done with pen and for territory covering much of Arkansas,
phone, "l-hone, 3530 Cort. 245 B'way, N.Y.
Louisiana and Texas,
In May, 'M, he resigned this position to
become principal of the penmanship de-
Teacher Wanted: partment of Tyler Commercial College.
There are now in his regular writing
I liave a request for a superior classes 250 pupils daily — by far the largest
teacher
of PENMANSHIP, BOOKKEEPING AND in the Southern states.

Arithmetic, About five mouths ago, he organized his

for a permanent and de- first class of four pupils in special penman-
sirable position in a flrst-class commer- ship, all of whom are now teaching in busi-
cial school. Candidate should state ness colleges. That class of four has grown
age, experience, references and salary to thirty-seven - a fact which speaks for
desired. All communications will be itself.
considered confidential. This position About Mr. Morris as a penman and
teacher, there is an enthusiasm which is
is worthy the attention of an No. 1 A strangely contagious. No better evidence
Address ha vriti It was near the historic town of Dallas, of the interest he awakens could be given
Ga., Aug. 20, '79. that the gentleman whose than the fact that he has sent in 18.5 sub-
HLBHNY TEHCHERS' RBENGY phiz" accompanies scribers for The Business Educator this
this sketch, Mr. W. L.
school year, besides those sent to other
ALBANY, r*. Y. Morris, began his career. Two years later
journals.
he moved to Warrior, Ala., and of course, One secret of Mr. Morris' success is, he is
brought his mother, father, and the rest of
WANTED. the family with him.
a pupil himself; no pupil works harder.
He will be heard froai later.
It is unnecessary to state that, like all C. L. Adair.
great penmen, he was raised on the farm.
A pcsition as teacher of the commer- It was during the summer and winter
cial branches. Experienced. Best of intervals of farm work that he attended Ft he Prait Teachers' Agency, j

rural schools and obtained the rudiments Fifth Avenue, Hew

reference given.
State requirements and wages in first
of an education. Later, he entered Warrior
High School where he made two grades in
170 Racommandi college and normal fradu-
Tork,

atei, ipecialista. and other teachers to col-

leeei, ohuola, and families.
i

five and a half months, walking over four [

letter.
miles to school and doing chores at home The Affency receiTes manr calls fgr com- [

Address, mornings and evenings. mercial teachera from public and prirate
T. D. CLAIRE, ichoola, and business colleges.
[

During the summer of '97, a series of writ- i

\

226 Lafayette Ave., Urbana, O. ing lessons under J. H. Cates stirred young WM. O. PRATT. Manager

north=sovth=e:ast=west EastmaLn Schools, Poughkeep-

C. C. Ga.ines. Pres. E. M. Hunlsinjer. Hui\lsinger's Business School.
sie and New York City. Hartford, Conn.
Mr, Frank E. Vaughan:— I have for years eon Dear Mr. Vaughan :- It affords me pleasure to
suited you whtn I needed to employ new teachers. say a word in behalf of your Teachers' Bureau.
This, because I recognized that your acquaintance I have been familiar with its work for many
years.
was most extensive and that you had the capacity I have had ample opportunity of watching
its pro-
to form a proper judgment of men. The teachers
gress and its methods of doing business, and it af-
whom I have employed through you have always
proven in experience to agree with vour repre- fords me great pleasure to state that I consider it a
sentations concerning them. I am satisfied from valuable help to the business school fr.itirnity.
this fact that you take the pains to make due
inquiry into the character and qualifications of The Bureau is a convenience of no small magni-
the men who register with you, and that you are tude, and your good judgment in seUcting and
more eager to give good service than to earn a recommending teachers has won for you my en-
commission. tire confidence and respect. I feel under many v, HiiNT>iTv, t»
j;.
obligations to you for the courtesies extended to ' ^- il'JNTs,iN(.ER
A. P. Armstrong, Prin. Portland Business College,
me during the past fifteen or sixteen years.
Portland, Oregon.
J. H. Smith, Alla.ntia. Hi^K School. Alla^ntia.,
Personal experience dealing with your
in Georgia.
Bureau has established my
confidence in the same
Dear
Mr. Vaughan:—! consider the I'ni.ni
I take pleasure in stating that I believe your
Teachers' Bureau and School Exchange hei.i
organization is well prepared to serve both schools
quarters for those desiring either positions ..1
and teachers and commend its excellent work.
Refer to me at any time with full assurance that
teachers. When Frank E. Vaughan does a thing
it isdone well, and what he does not know about
I shall make favorable reply to all inquiries that
Business Schools and teachers would be of little
reach me concerning your methods of conducting
use in compiling a teachers' directory or commer-
a. p. Armstrong.
cial college cyclopedia.

No matter where you live, if you have the proper qualifications for teaching anv branch in the commercial
cnrnculum— whether experienced or not— we can help you, provided vou MOVE AT ONCE. "Ask any
reputable business school proprietor or teacher anvwhere."

UNION TEACHERS' BUREAU AND SCHOOL EXCHANGE

203 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. FRANK E. VAUGHAN, Manager.

[
C^k^i^^e-'r£t^,^^^ a^Tz^ ^Q^^^^-^cd^^iU^irtf -•u^i.^ .^^i^-^^-^z^ ^^j*;^?^^
^ Cy^L^^73^ccd^(y>tu.d^6^^e^,'t4^€.'«si'£^^
J
 '^^^u4^t£d4^^(/i[U)a/fr' ^

.er^^^^g:^ /^^^—^
WANTED — Teachers of Commercial Branches. Advance Fee Not Required.
Positions in High Schools and Colleges. Penmanship. Lommercial Branches, also teachers
of Stenography. .Salaries, $600 to $1,500. Register early. Send for circulars.

Lessoqs ia Freqcli Round HaRd Anna M. Thurston, Mgr., 378 Wabash Ave., Chicago. Thurston Teachers' Agency.
(RONDE)
Hy H. A. Rounds of the EiiKrossin
WHAT Mr. Yost Thinks:
PoCATELLo, Idaho.
Prof. E. C. Mills, Rochester, N. Y.
Dear Friknd :-Herewith enclosed please find lessens. 1
am becoming more and more interested in penmanship every
Iti this lesson we have one of tlie most
day since I have been taking lessons by mail from you. It
seems your copies are so perfect and exp'ianations so'concise
.lif-licultletters in this style of writing, that a person is bound to improve.
the letter .S. Remember that a shaded 1 want to continue with you and after finishing the busines-*

stroke is always made from left to right course take the ornamental course.
Had I not promised to continue my work in penmanship
and be careful to get a correct idea of the with you, 1 would probably not have been elected as teacher
letter l)efore attempting to make it. Be of Penmanship and Bookkeeping in the Academy ot Idaho
careful of spacing and uniformity of slant. Wishing you the best of sucC'^ss, I am,
Very truly yours. C E. YOST,
Teacher of Penmanship and Bookkeeping in the Academy
of Idaho.
.Ii«' H,:ml Cul Cnrtln: .liimple.t Free:
Send stamp once for
at full information incerning Ullls's
II 7.-|.\ H III f. plv VV. B. »5c. Correspondence school ot Penmanship. By i inglhisiasystep
Cauls «:.! llm llinl and ScioU Cards 35c today may be the means of placing ma
[Ills ;i.n-, inii Mali inumial Cords8(ic dollars in your
iv.iiii a5i'. riiimans Sample Book 25c. pocket in the future. Commercial teachei specially, should
W. MoHKE. ja Siivdor St.. Alleghinv. Fa. take advantage of my courses during the s
Addr E. 0. IVIILLS, 195 Grand Ave., Rochester, N. Y.

TEXTS
THAT MAKE EXPERTS
No system of Shorthand etiuals Ihis
Gillotfs Pens
PATERSON one in the combination ot simplic- The Most Perfect of Pens
ity and high etiiciency. The ease
PHONOGRAPHY with which it can be mastered, its
capability of high speed, and its r^s^"^ JOSEPH A
legibility alike in slow and rapid writing, make it the system .
',/ - PRINCIPALITY J
best suited to all grades of students— those who need shorthand l~^

for a few jears, or those who seek the highest positions of the
profession. The characters have the movement of longhand
writing, are neat, graceful, and easily formed. Price of text, $2.00.
PRINCIPALITY PEN, No. 1

^TYI
MANIIAI
F
I 1 L>^
Stenogrartiers,
' o'' Reporters and Cor-
respondents. This book is to the stenographer
what the "Style Sheet " is to the compositor.
-- ^ O GIILOTTS
~-~-'^^'iAVi:^SLi- r N E.^
I

mil U/4t<
I

1 It instructs and demonstrates, and is the thing

needed to transform the ordinary stenograjiher
into a first-class operator. It insiiires thestudent to a higher con-
VICTORIA PEN, No. 303
ception ol his prospective employment. It means a better salary
to the graduate, and an enhanced reputation to the college. The
schools using it as a regular text report as a direct result much
improved work and greater diligence on the part of students,
ing of the teacher's task. The complete book is a
reproductior of actual typewriting— not imitation The com- DOUBLE ELASTIC PEN, No. 604 E. F.
plete index ill be mailed to anyone on request, free. Price of
text, $1 25. Qillott's Pens have for seventy-five years stood
TYPFWR ITINH
1 I £<TTIV.I
1 IllUI
by TME piano method, reecbes
the Art of Skillful Operat on by
the tnost exacting tests at the hands of Professional
Sense of Location It can be used and Business Penmen. Extensively imitated, but nev-
with either single or double keyboard typewriters, and avoids
the necessity of special editions for each style of machine. Two er equalled. Qiilott's Pens still stand in the front
keyboard charts are furnished with each book, showing the proper rank, as regards Temper, Elasticity and Durability.
method of fingering in a simple and direct manner. The lessons
are carefully graded and contain a number of original features
that aid materially in the rapid development of skill. Cloth
bound, opens at end, printed on one side. Price of text, 60c.
SOLD BY ALL DEALERS
Special Offer to Teacliers : Three Books, Postpaid, $3.00
JosepH Gilloti (Si Sons
GRAHAM PATERSON, Alfred Field <a Co.
Sole .i^^ents
AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER
423 Rialto Building, Chicago, III.
93 Chambers St. NEW YORK

C^:^'2^^--r£<.a,e-<r^ iz.'n^ Tjcc^-^t^j^A^^r^ .^^^t.^ <j5<i<e-»z^ ^jt*'!^ /iry ym.e^'^T^Zt^tryi^t.'yt^ c^^i.e. /3<d.f<ii»z.^^i^i£izi«<,«>«^i^^
I
 f^^^ud/^w^^^i/iuu^ir' ^

CAN YOV WRITE

a Hvindt-ecl Words ork

WHAT IS SVCCESS?
We shall give, absolutely fi'ee, a large luiinber of prizes for the best
articles on the foregoing subject. Write not less than 50 nor more than
200 words on one side of the paper and send to us at once. Your
contribution will be listed in the contest and by return mail you will receive
a copy of INSPIRATION, the new magazine of self-help and encourage-
ment, and full information concerning prizes and their distribution.
'N. B. If you can't write an article, send the funniest clipping you
can find —
something wholesome but huuiorous. We are conducting the
same kind of contest and giving the same kind of prizes for clippings.
Be sure to give your name and address.

INSPIR.ATION PVBLISHING CO.,

Fotxrth St., DES MOINES, IOWA.

instruction in penniansliip from his many operations. The entire magazine

brothers J. E. and J. F. Caskey, the latter comprising 24 pages is printed from photo
being a very skillful and enthusiastic engraved plates made directly from copy
teacher. In '97 he pursued, with success, a
made on the Hammond machine. In this
particular it is a unique publication and
courseof study and practice in the Zanerian. in a class all by itself. It is unusually
For the passt tliree years Mr. Caskey has well gotten up. and the publishers are
been with the Modern School. Previous to to be congratulated upon its excellence.
that time he taught in Buffalo, Richmond. Subscription price 50 cents a year.
Va.. and Charleston, W. Va. He has taught
practically all of the branches in the busi- "French Translation and Composition,
ness school, and has done almost every- by Lewis M: r^h. published by Isaac Pit-
thing from janitor up. Mr. Caskey is not man & Sons, 31 Union Square, i\. Y. City,
only a fine penman, but an athlete of far price 85^ cents, 188 pages, bound in green
more than ordinary ability. All in all, he is with side stamp in gold. This volume
treats of French Translation and Compo-
a young man of excellent ability, untiring sition for the purposes of students quali-
energy, good health and a cheerful dispo- fying as teachers. It has been arranged
sition! He is a regular clubber of THE primarily for conditions in the school
Business Educator and an untiring system of England rather than for the
worker for his students. United States, though naturally it can be
used for other purposes. Any one inter-
ested in the French language, and there
are many in these days of commercial
expansion, will do well to investigate the
merits of this book.

"Kimball's Business Speller," bv Gusta-

vus S. Kimball, published by the Bobbs-
Merrill Co. of Indianapolis, price 30 cents
net. It contains 42 pages of well-arranged
and carefully selected material. It is
splendidly bound in cloth with colored
edges Quality and size considered, the
Elementary German Commercial Corres- price is remarkably low. It contains 90
pondence, by Lewis Marsh, published by lessons divided as follows: Classified busi-
Isaac Pitman & Sons, 31 Union Square, ness words, 71 lessons; miscellaneous
N. Y. Citv, price fiO cents, HI pages, green words, lessons; synonyms and anto-
fi'.!

cloth, side stamp in gold. This book is nyms, Ifi lessons; dictation exercises, in-
intended for students who are iu«t begin- cluding homonyms. 17 lessons; reviews,
ning the study of Commercial German. 12 lessons; geographical names and test
The above likeness and signature belong Every care has been taken to render it as words, 12 lessons.
to Mr, G. L. Caskey. who has charge of the simple and yet as comprehensive as pos-
sible. The work is carefullv graded with
commercial work and penmanship in the German letters for translation into Eng-
Modern School, Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. lish, etc. The German script is of a prac-
Caskey first saw the light of day in a log ticalnature, and the book throughout Francis B. Courtney
house on a farm in Ohio, Jan. 15, 1878. He impresses us as being timely.
received his early education in the country HKna-wi-Itlnri S|>aoI«Iist
schools. He then entered and graduated in ."The Hammond Herald" Vol. pub- 1,

1899 in the Classical course of the Western

lished by the Hammond Typewriting Co., Expert Microscopic Examiner of Forged
69-70 St., and East River, N. Y., Jacob
Conference Seminary, in which school he Backes editor, is a new
periodical seeking and Questioned Writing.
taugKt penmanship while attending. public attention, and publislied in the in-
He received his first inspiration and terests of the machine mentioned, and its Care F. J. ToUnd. LA CROSSE. WIS..

C^!Cv~e^r£c.£^£y<^ c:i^-yz^ ^t^^^-^c^iy^z^^^ ^-ciM-^^ ^^^z^d^fT.y^ ^-j,^*^*^^ y^:?' x?>z.*^?^^t-cr^2-t-^z^ <17%i TS.u.A^yyz.Aid^Ge^-i.c^^x.'iirTr I
I
 f^^^u4/n^d4/^Au^iiS^ ^
The Business Educatok should be in
the hands of every teacher and student
in the land. Words are inadequate to ex-
press my appreciation for same. Every
issue is worth many times the cost of a
years' subscription. ThOS. E. CUPPER,
Stanley's Business College. Macon, Ga.

Illustrating and Engrr^vlng for posten,

catalogs, booklets, ads, and all commer-
cial art purposes. We
write copy, do art
printing, lithographing and engraving by
all processes. Everything that's done
with pen, brush, graver and type. We
also engross and Illuminate. Studioopp.
City Hall Subway station. Call, write.
353© Cort. «45 B'way, New York.

If you could see the rich,

Fij^. 1 shows a profile face. Notice theeye;
jet black shades and soft, mel-
it isnot round but oval like. Notice, too, the loir hair lines that you can
few lines on the forehead. They represent make if you use KOREAN
a shadow cast by the hair, which is simply stick ink, you would order at once. The ink that
outlined near the head to show you how to satisfies, and aids you to do your best. One pen-
begin to make hair. In Fig. 2, the hair manship crank ordered nine sticks. Full direc-
tions for mixing to best advantage.
is worked out a little more. No. 3 gives Signature of your name, ornate style, with cut,
a different view. You must learn to draw $2. Summer school of writing next July. Write
from all three views; front, profile and for particulars.
tliree-quarter. Also from both sides. Nos. L.MADARASZ, 1281 Third Ave., New York.
4 and 5 give a different position, and new
exp
In Fig. notice how the cross hatching to prepare
6,
near the chin seems to bring the face out
and throw the neck back. Observe how
Do You an ink that
the corners of the mouth are darkened and
the center part left light. The line where
mr U
Know How
is
which
WHITE
will
lips meet should be well curved. Just a
small curved line, well placed, often repre- not rub
sents the lower lip. crack or peel ? Send me one
No. 7 affords a better example. You will
do well in copying to first study carefully DOLLAR and I will send you 1000

the copy; criticise it, see how many lines colored cards and TELL YOU HOW.
are used to bring out a certain part, etc. Do
not merely copy, but study.
Figs. 8, li!and 10 are advanced pen strokes
5 and are drawn rather quickly with the
pen quite perpendicular. Always work the
;

Gold Mc<ial ofmanifacturl F. S. HEATH,

12pens, assorted, for business and ornament
lines toward you. Never try to cross lines al writine sent, postpaid, for 10 cents, and i
that are not dry. Fig. 10 was drawn rather HANDSOME PENHOLDER FREE. 50 Dunklee St. CONCORD. N. H.
slowly. These lines are used in represent
ing clothing— plaids, checks, etc.
HnWAPP miMTpcM nft.,Camdpn. N.J.

I C^f^^i^^^rica^g^'/^ O'-n^ /^<i,^-^c*i^A^£'^r:i -^-^c^^ £^A.<z^ny^ ^^^^.<^s^ /^y .'^7-2.,s-^7z-<S>^-^z-<,<?t^^ c^^li, Tl^i^i.o'n.i^i^^^^cCt.c^oev^^-y I
 ^^^^u^i^^^dfi^nS^ ^
Curve final strokes less. Emphasize shoul- C. E. K. Your practice shows up splend-
der of small r more. You write a good, idly. Avoid angles at the base of " u
strong hand. Curve up strokes in minimum
letters a
trifie less.
Paul King.— Your loops, such as in h and
6, are a trifle slender and sharp The cross
is also a trifle high. The little loop of B J. F. Z. You are doing well. Curve
should point upward instead of downward. driwn strokes of " c " less. Don't shade
Your business writing is becoming quite capitals. Much of your little letter work
professional. Y^our ornamental work is not is done too rapidly. Think more betweeti
systematic enough, or nearly as good as letters. Watch turns and angles.
your business.
M. G., Des Moinee.— Your exercises are Messrs. W. F. Giesseman and W. N.
very fine. You curve the up-stroke in r too C. M. C, Augusta.— Your figures are good. Currier have joined hanrls in Bellingham.
much. Your small o is too narrow and Your exercises are also fine. Watch more Wash., by purchasing the Bav City Busi
pointed at the top. Otherwise your work is carefully the details of turn and angle. In ness College, and consolidating it with
first-class. your sentence writing, watch spacing be- the Northwest Business College (previmis-
tween letters, and make all minimum ly owned by Messrs. Giesseman and Aug.
K. L. A. T. — Your business writing is letters equal in height. Wilson) under the new name of the
better than your ornamental. Stick closelv Bellingham Business Institute. From
to the base line. Watch spacing between T. D. S.. Boone.— Make o more rounding. whiitwe know of these two men. and we
letters. You do well. Watch spacing between know them well, we have every rea-*on to
letters. Study 6' believe that the city of Bellingham will
closely and practice upon it a good deal. now have within its midst a sch'vil
E. F. H., Pawtucket.-Your figures are Write more of a running hand. You are second to none in quality, although the
fine. Study form closely. Your capitals doing nicely. size may never be large because of
are not as good as your small letters. Work the limitations of the city. Our gooil
on them more. You are doing nicely. D.M. — Your figures are too large. Your
J. friends have the best wishes of THE
writing is rather large as well. Curve the Business Educator for success and
J. C. K., Niagara. — A little more steam on upstrokes of your loops more, and thereby prosperity.
your capitals will improve. Strengthen the reduce the height of the crossing. You are
small letters by pushing gently on the up- acquiring an excellent movement. You
stroke- See that the elbow serves as a are certainly sticking close to Mr. Doner's
center of action for all of your work. instructions,

J. W., N. Y. — You are doing splendidly. K. P. K. — You are improving. How^ever, Business Before Pleasure,
Curve down stroke of o more. Uniform the you need much more work upon movement
height of your minimum letters. You are exercises. Your figures are pnnr. Cultivate
doing nicely. more of a running hand. Your loops are is our motto.That's why one of our
too slender. Watch turn and angle closely.
W. W., Newark. — Your
ovals are first- Practice wide spacing between letters. members wrote the following: "You
J.
class. Watch last upper turn in small n certainly accomplish quick results.
and ni, as you make it too sharp. Watch F. J. G.. Miss. Your business writing is It was not more than one week from
spacing between small letters in sentence to reckle-s. Study form more closely and
writing. Make o more rounding. You some- write no faster than you can think. Your the time you received my letter until
times make the second part of ir so narrow movement needs "taming." Your letter I had a good position."
that it looks like small o. Study form more ing is unique and it discloses a good deal
and practice oval letters. of talent. You could become a fine artist Free enrollment if you mention this
and engrosser. paper.
M. B., Pawtucket. — You are doing nicely.
Your figures are fine. Some of your capitals L. O., Los Angeles. You are on the
lack freedom. right track for a certificate. Curve down Continental Teachers' A§:ency,
strokes in "o" more. Always loop "e"
J, G. J., Delaware. — Use finer pen. Watch Work more on capitals. Your figures are
height of little letters to keep them uniform. Bowling Green, Ky.

WE PAY THE FREIGHT

MRny of our larger customers are located enough for anybody. The best will cost you
on the Phcific Coast or at other distant points no more than the ordinary, and
in the country, and \se feel that the paying
of high transportation charges on books is a We PBk.y the ri-elgKt.
burden to them. Now, therefore, it is pro- Why not have the best? At any rate, it
prosed by us that costs a teacher or school principal nothing
whatever to investigate the matter, urder
Wo Pa.y the Freight our liberal terms for examination. Remem-
ber we have a series of books covering prac-
>^i'
tically all subjects taught in commercial
After July 1st, on orders for our text-books or
schools— spelling, letter writing, English,
Business Practice. Write for particulars, arithmetic, shorthand, commercial law, hook-
prices, and discounts.
keeping (three editions), business practice,
Have you examined all of the practical etc., also a pocket dictionary. All are high-
books in our series? If not, it will be wise grade books, and
to do so at once, or before deciding on your
text-books for the coming year. Our books We Pa>.y the Frel^Hi.
are in use in many of the most prominent Our New Practical Spelling will soon be
schools in the country. Successful teachers ready. Write
for advance pages.
say they are the besl. There are many good An illustrated catalogue, describing all our
books but "the best" ought to be good publications, is free for the asking.

THE PRACTICAL TEXT BOOK COMPANY

476 Euclid Avenue Cleveland, Ohio

PRACTICAL TEXT I 300K COAVPANY

-^CLEVELAND I -OHIO /-
[ C^i£n^^£^^rCt.d,£^r^ .g^yz^ ^5«-<^«^:^J^(4^^y^ .^c<^^>^ ^^i.<:z^^7^ .^^^cf^ C^^^L£. /2«£<i*^^^-^<i<^£<^ie<-<:^5^^i^!'7T I
 f^^fS^u^in^U^dfu^iXfr* ^
FOR SCHOOLS UNO GOLLECES
LOWEST PBICES FOR ANY POBHTITY

THE ARTISTIC ENGROSSING

OF DIPLOMAS A SPECIALTY

ENGF.OSSERS. Rockland, Me.

THE KINSLEY COMMERCIAL TEACHERS'

BUREAU & SCHOOL EXCHANGE
Commercial. Shorthand, Drawing:, Telegraphy, Penman-
ship and Lang:uage Teachers Exclusively.

Twenty years'' experience as teacher, proprietor,

AN EASY WAY!
Inisiness man, editor, wide travels and peri-oiial ac- MAKE SHOW CARDS
((iiaintance have made our manager familiar with
needs of schools and teachers in all sections of our ^=AND SIGNS=^=
country. Iguara-itee to uiake a K*^od show
No ciiarge teachers furnislied,
to proprietors f'oi card and sign writer of you in 50 les-
and the lowest charge any agency. I'er-
to teachers of sens (from 1 to 3 niontlis). l>y the
sonal attention given to each applicant. Miller MailMethod for a few dollars.
jind secure you a position at gradu
We can place a large number of teachers this
ation not less than ($18 weekly) with

season at salaries as high as 11200. $1500, $2000. reliable concern, or start you in
business for yourself or t-efutvcl
Write for registration blanks and circulars.
every dollar* paicl! No scheme
We also negotiate the sale of school property. If or misstatement about this. Each

you have a school or a part interest for sale, or wish to student secures copies of original
fresh from the brush" alphabets,
buy or to form a partnership, write us for information *'

designs, etc., etc, and personal let-

about our methods. ters of advice and criticism (not
books and printed matter).

105 POSITIONS I PROVE MY CLAIM!

All can learn, especially the Pen-
$95,000 yearly salaries, were listed by us in man. If you cloubt my claim,
write for circulars, testimonials,
the past thirty days. All but five of these
terms, etc., etc., and let me prove
vacancies were reported by school heads direct. what I have done for others. It Do
Dozens of teachers have registered with us in Mo-w I You can make big money
making my new advertising glass
the same time because of recommeiulations of signs for merchants and manufac-
turers. Easy to make as show cards.
our friends.
We
have vacancies to fill in almost every G. W. MILLER. President
state and territory and Canada; also a large
number of our positions are in public and TtepierSGDoolofSiyqflrt
literary schools. 418 COLUl^BUS AVE.,
Our
teachers are located in all sections of BOSTON, MASS.
the country; they are of both sexes, all ages; I will Kive employment at $15 week-
ly and commission to 51.1 penmen
qualifications and salaries from .f40 per month
who become students to work for
to .$2500 per year. me as representatives in different
sections of U. S. Don't let this op-
WM. J. KINSLEY, Manager, portunity pass you by. I will give
special discount to all Peixncieii
245 BroBk.d'wak.y, - - New York.; who send me
a nice sample of their
penmanship when answering this
ad. and who mention this Journal.

I C^^^'^^-^'^it^izyrrf a.<n^ '^^i^^-^c^i^^LJ^Tiji -'Ci^-t-^ CA-^z^fl^ .^2^^ef~e^. C^ih^TSM.d^-iiuji^Cc^^^-'x^'i'"' \

 f^^fSBu^/n^^^Uiaiilfr ^
tbe ereaa Shorthand nss«eiation.
Which was to have I>een heUl in Detroit,
will not be held this vear owing to the
death of Mr. J. Clitr.>rd Kennedy, who in
tended to entertain it in his school.
e:sti:rbrook'S
—
pens "Easy to write with. Haiti to use up."
CORRECT DESIGN DNIFOH.M THMPER 1)UR.\ lilLlT

ISO STYLETS

.\ 1 I'KoFKSSiONA 453 Business and Collkgb

Fine |.oiiiliil and el
fine and extra fine points.
Made in3»idllisaiul will, long itli
Elastic and smooth writing
|

point to both left and rij;l't l

Ssicrbrook Steel Pen Mf^« Co«

::6 Jolwi St.. N- Y. city J-3t-soy '

Know
How to
File
— Document
—Legal Bl
-Card Rei
—Credit Reports
— Deposit Ticket
-Insu
—Books —Report
-Samples -Checks
—Clippings — Invoic
— Notss- Letiers-Pap

An.i tlu it NOW.

mMPAXY, nnsbfeon. Mich. '^

: Building.

FIJ^EST PEMF3AMS2SSP SVPPLrlES OBTAINABLE.

On goods listed below we pay on those that go bv maU and purchaser pays carriage charges on those_ that go by express or freight.
posta^^e Of
course the cheapest way is to ordt r in fair sized quantities and have them go by freight.

PENS AND HOLDERS. BY MAIL, PREPAID. CARDS, INK. PAPER, ETC.

Gillott's Lithographic Pen No. 290 Blank Cards— White bristol with Zanerian Pen. Pencil, and Paintin^
Zanerian Fine Writer Pen -The best penmanship. Pad. and Port/olio, for sketching,
and tinest fine writing pen made— best —One of the tinest pointed drawing finest surface for fine
pens made. 6 pens 25c, 3 pens 15c 28c drawing, and water color painting.
for engrossine, card writing and all fine 100by mail postpaid
Contains 40 sheets for .-$ .40
script work. Gross |1.00, % gross 25c. 500 by express --- ---7,5c
Gillott s Grow Quill Pen No. 659- By mail 20 cents extra -- .60
Very fine points. 6 pens 2oc. 3 pens
1000 by express. --$l..'i5

- 15c
Zanerian India Ink— A fine drawing
SoenneckenLettering Pen For — Black Cards — Best made for white ink and best for preparing script and
ink. drawings for photo-engraVing.
makinu'German Text. Old English, and
broad pen letters. Set of 12— num-
all 100 by mail postpaid 28c bottle by mail, postpaid $ .30
pens for begii I

Gross 75c. gross '

1 do ]0c bers 1. 1L% 2, 2H, 3, 3^. A, 5 and G .500 by express --.7.5c I dozen bottles by express --- 2.00
single pointed and 10. 20 and HO double 1000 by express $1.35

Zanerian Medial Pen— A hieh-crade

pointed - - 25c
Arnold's Japan Ink — Nearly H pint
medium, extra smooth pen for business While Cardboard— "Weddine Bristol bottle by mail postpaid --$ .40
writing. None better, just right for for tinepen work. Sheets are 22x28. 1 pint by express .45
students and accountants. Gross 75c, 1 quart by express 75
6 sheets by express - $ .60
li gross --25c Zanen'a Oblique Penholder— Hand- 12 sheets by express 1.00
made, ro ewood, 12 inches long, a 2 sheets by mail postpaid .50 White Ink— Very fine.
Zanerian Business Pen— A smooth, beautiful i id perfect holder. I holder 1 bottle by mail, postpaid ---$ .25
- --- 50c
durable,common sense business pen. 12 bottles by express 1.85
For unshaded business writing, it has
never been excelled, if equaled. Gross Fine Art Oblique Ho/der Inlaid —
25c. dc -lOc and fancy, hand-made, rosewood, and Writing Paper — Finest
paper 12 lb.
made. 960 sheets per ream, ruling wide
1

by far the most beautiful holder made. 6 sheets by express.-- $ .40

holder sent in a small wooden box, and faint. ream by express
1 $2.25
1
12 sheets by express .70
$1.00 3 sheets by mail, postpaid .50
Writing Paper —
Same quality as
Excelsior Oblique Holder— The best above mentioned but lO'lb. per ream.
low-priced obligue holder made. Many Black Cardboard— Finest for white 1 ream by express $2.00
Gillott's Double Elastic E. F. No. hnndi eds of gross have been sold. ink. Sheets are 22x28.
604 Pen— A medium fine writing pen. I holder - - -- $.10 6 sheets by express - $ .50
Gross 75c, M gross 25c, ! dozen - lOc dozen .50 Practice Paper— Best for the money
1
12 sheets by express - .75
H gross. 1.10 to be had. ) team by express .- $1..50
-
2 sheets by mail, postpaid 50
Gillott's Magnum Quill E. F. No. I2 gross -.- 2.15 Send stamp for samples of paper.
601 Pen— A business pen. Gross $1.0(1, gross 4.25
'4 gross 25c, 1 dozen ---12c
1 - -
—
Wedding Paper Finest for penman-
— ship or drawing. Sheets are 21x33. Envelopes—
Straight Penholder Cork tipped
Gillott's No. 303 E. F. Pen— Used and best for business writing, flourish- 6 sheets by express $.50 100 fine blue by mail, postpaid - $ .40 .

largely for drawing purposes. Gross ing, etc. 1 holder 10c, 6 holders -iOc, 12 12 sheets by express .70 100 fine white by mail, postpaid-- .40
$1.00. K gross 25c, 1 dozen 12c holders 65c 3 sheets by mail, postpaid .50 1000 either kind, by express 1.50

We handle the best and ( Lve you money. iipany all orders. Prices are too low to keep accounts.
ips for small amounts.

Aaai-ess. ZANSR (Si BLOSE^R. COLVMBVS. OHIO.

a^^'Z'-e.'-TCuizyr^ O'-^z^ .S«-<^^^-^,<c-<'^ .-ck^^.^ t-^Kz^PTy^ yy,^t^ ^

CtA^ /i<«<^i^-^'2,^,i^d^pz^<<-<::^:e^Scr7-
 ^^^^ud/n^d^^f/iu^i^ ^
--%.
JJ--

The Prepondercince of Evidence

Is ill frtvor of tlie S;uller Rowe Commercial Text Books for the following reasons:

They are used more extensively' in all classes of commercial schools than any other.
They are tiie preference of the majority of commercial teachers in private and public schools.
They were prepared by men who understood their business, — they are practical and scholarly-
They retiect correct business customs, practices and usages.
They are meaty and rich in substance, and attractive in form.
The bookkeeping texts are adaptal>le to any and all courses of study from the elementary
training of two or three months to a full two years' course. Here is a list to select from that is
wnrthv the attention of everv teacher :

Commercial and Industrial Bookkeeping Earnest's English Correspondence

Business Bookkeeping and Practice Lister's Budget of Writing Lessons
Commercial Arithmetic and Essentials of Arithmetic New Method Speller
Richardson's Commercial Law ISew Rapid Shorthand
MacFarlane's Commercial and Industrial Geography Billing's (Graham-PltmanlcJ Shorthand

If you want to know about any or all of these books, write us, being explicit in the
information you desire, and you will get it.

SADLER. = R.OWE CO.,

BALTIMORE, Md.
^= :/f

INTERMEDIATE BOOKKEEPING. ADVANCED BOOKKEEPING.

For some time our Mr, J. A. Lyons has been For advanced work in Bookkeeping and
personally at work upon an intermediate set Business Practice, arrange to use Office
of Bookkeeping and Business Practice. It is Methods Part III. It wiU follow in grade tlie
now in type and we shall have it ready by work announced in the other column of this
September, perhaps by August 1. At the out- advertisement, or it will follow any other
set he determined to represent the business work giving suitable preparation.
selected exactly as it is done and he has en- Office Methods Part III is a finishing work
tirely succeeded. The assertion is made that of the highest order. It combines numerous
no work on bookkeeping has yet appeared details, much figuring, the handling of a
that will from all standpoints prove more thoroughly classified set of up-to-date books
acceptable than this. and represents the Wholesale Lumber busi-
Kemember, this is an intermediate set, re- ness exactly as it is done. It introduces mod
quiring probably a month to six weeks' time em office and accounting devices; in fact, it
in a business school. We submitted the mat- conjbines so many good points that all who
ter in manuscript form to two able and criti- see it are convinced it is a work of unusual
cal school proprietors, and received from both strength and merit. Arrange to use it for
enthusiastic and unqualified praise of its your finishing work.
merits, one of them going so far as to say:
" You are headed straight for a revolution in
OTHER LEADING BOOKS.
bookkeeping methods as taught in schools." If you are- not now using the following
We don't wish to raise your expectations too books you should investigate their merits
high, but there is considerable truth in this before deciding on your list for the coming
prediction. If you wait until you can ex- year. Let us tell you something especially
amine this work before adopting your inter- about: Lyons' Commercial Law, Modern Com-
mediate work for the year, you will make no mercial Arithmetic, Modern Business Speller,
mistake. It will follow in grade any work of Complete Touch Typewriting Instructor and
suitable preparation. Dictation Studies.

WODRESS

CHICAGO POWERS Wl LrYONS NE:W YORK

I ^f5^**^^r;£<irf.«-<'^ eZ'^z^ Tic^.-^-^c^i'A^^'-rzf .^ci^-t-/^ t^KZ^rz^ /2^^'^^4^ C^h^73.cc^<^^,^£.,i4}ScCu^C'€^^^tr7r\

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