@ mahaland DREAM S Name: Karan Chavan (B.E Civil Engineering)INTRODUCTION 1.1GENERAL ‘The basics need of human existences are food, clothing’s and shelter. From times man has been making efforts in improving their standard of living. The point of his efforts has been to provide on economic and efficient shelter. The possession of shelter besides being a basic, used, gives a feeling of security, responsibility and shown the social status of man, Every human being has an inherent liking for a peaceful environment needed for his pleasant living, this object is achieved by having a place of living situated at the safe and convenient location, such a place for comfortable and pleasant living requires considered and kept in view. A peaceful environment © Safety from all-natural source and climate conditions © General facilities for community of his residential area. ‘The engineer has to keep in mind the municipal condition, building by laws, environment, financial capacity, water supply, sewage arrangement, provision of future, aeration, ventilation etc., in Suggestion a particular type of plan to any client.121 ABOUT THE PROJECT Work carrying by department The department is responsible for the planning, vestigation estimation, operation, and maintenance of the project. ¢ Project Management Planning Project managers must define workers tasks and estimate the duration of each activity. This information is necessary when planning out a project thoroughly. Without a great construction plan, it is challenging to develop a budget and work schedule, © Cost Management Understanding one’s budget can help build the payment table. Project managers use the budget and plan to determine when steps are complete. ¢ Time Management A manager must have these skill clear and effective communication, delegation, and prioritization. It is even more critical in the field of construction because any single mistake due to miscommunication or any form of time lag can build up the project expenses.* Quality Management Project managers are also responsible for project quality, quality is excellent, construction management will need to analyze their work practices to sce if they are up to par, determine if the material used is standard quality, and ensure that the finished product is protected from any potential harm or damage that may come to it. Without quality management it is harder to win bids from other. e Safety management Construction is an industry where the smallest mistakes could leads to injury or even worse, death. Therefore, safety management is considered a huge part of the functions of construction management. To safely start a project, a manager first plan and determine all the potential safety hazards for each job. By implementing safety protocols such personal protective equipment and zoning, managers can prevent injury to both workers and by standards.2.1 SITE WORK 2.1.1 SITE MARKING AND LINEOUT © Site marking is one of the starting points of your construction, © Inthis activity you're Engineer and Maestri will identify column placements. * Once columns placement is identified based on soil condition earth work will start. © Engineer will mark the area around the column, Earth workers will dig marked area.2.1.2 EXCAVATION WORK. First, the site is cleared and levelled before excavation. After this boundary corners are fixed. e Using mason thread and plumb bob centerlines to the foundation are drawn. © For excavation an extra space of 6” each on all sides is given for providing shuttering of PCC. Depth of excavation is 1.5 m from ground level. © If we did not get hard strata at 1.5 m, excavation is continued till hard strata is available. «Excavation may be done either by manually or by mechanically.2.1.3 BED CONCRETE ON FOUNDATION Itis a mixture of cement, sand, and aggregate without reinforcement. Generally, mix proportion of concrete used will be 1:4:8. © The thickness off the bed is usually 10 cm or 4”. © Plain cement concrete is the mixture of cement, fine aggregate (sand) and coarse aggregate without steel. PCC is an important component of a building which is laid on the soil surface to avoid direct contact of reinforcement of concrete with soil and water. © Portland Pozzolana cement (P.P.C) is normally used for Plain cement concrete. The size of coarse aggregate used for PCC is 20mm downsize depending on where they are to be used.2.1.2 COLUMN AND FOOTING REINFORCEMENT * For footing mat is provided. Mesh reinforcement consists of bars 8 mm diameter at spacing of 6" c/c. usually bend length provided will be 4". © Column size is 9"x15". The reinforcement provided is 6 bars of 12 mm diameter. © Lateral ties are of 8 mm diameter at spacing of 6" c/c. * Concrete for column will be of grade M20 with mix proportion 1:1.5:3. It means 1 bag of cement, 1.5 bags of sand and 3 bags of aggregates. Usually in site sand and aggregates are measured in terms of mortar pan. For one bag of cement, 10 mortar pan of sand and 12 mortar pan of aggregates are used. ¢ Minimum size of foundation for a single story of G+1 building, a size of 1.5m x 1.5m should be used. Minimum depth of footing should be at least 1.5m from ground level. It is recommended to go to depths up to hard strata.2.1.2 FORMWORK Formwork is the process of creating the temporary molds in which fresh Concrete is poured and allowed to set. © Shuttering: It is a process of preparing a support to cast vertical surface of columns, beams, shear walls etc., by using wooden or metallic planks. © Centering: It is same as that of shuttering, but it is a formwork which provides support to horizontal surface of slabs and beams by means of wooden or metallic planks and poles.2.1.4 PLINTH BEAM It is the reinforced concrete beam constructed between walls and foundation. It distributes the load of wall over the foundation evenly. It is the reinforced concrete beam constructed between walls and foundation. It distributes the load of wall over the foundation evenly. The grade of concrete used is M20. © Itshould be 450mm above G.L. The minimum grade of concrete is M20. It is designed as normal beam with 25mm cover. © It is recommended to provide two bars with minimum diameter of 12mm at the bottom of the beam. Similarly, two bars with minimum diameter of 10mm shall be provided at the top of the plinth beam. © Reinforcement bars should be protected by 25mm concrete cover.2.1.5 BLOCK MASONRY WORK © Before commencing masonry work, line out shall be carried out for the entire arca using a steel tape. © The block masonry shall be preferably laid on composite mortar with mix proportion as mentioned in the drawing. The mortar should spread over the entire top surface of the brick. © The mortar shall be racked out from the joints with a trowel of each course and is laid to a depth of 10 mm to 12 mm, to ensure the good bond for plaster. The height of wall to be done in day’s work shall be restricted to Im. © The blocks used are cement blocks of size 150x150x220. The cement mortar ratio is 1:6.2.1.6 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE ‘The process of bending reinforcing steel into shapes required for reinforced concrete construction. Bar bending schedule (schedule of bars) isa list of reinforcement bars. Bar bending schedule commonly describes the mark, size, length and number and bending details of cach bar in reinforcement. Formula for the calculation of the weight of Im bar is given by,METHODOLOGY Steps involved in building structural elements:- * 1. EXCAVATION WORK *2, BED CONCRETE ON FOUNDATION +3. MIX PROPORTION *4, COLUMN AND FOOTING REINFORCEMENT +5. PLINTH BEAM *6, BRICK MASONRY WORKResult & discussion * Got the practical knowledge in the field. * Got to know how to read the plan. + Use of equipments in the work task. * Time management. * Pouring of concrete and casting and various equipment used for casting. * Placing of formwork for structural elementsCONCLUSION The main objective of the industrial training is to provide an opportunity to undergraduates to identify, observe and practice how engineering is applicable in the real industry. It is not only to get experience on technical practices but also to observe management practices and to interact with on field workers. It is easy to work with sophisticated machines, but not with people. I feel that I got maximum out of the experience. Also, I learnt the way of work in an organization, the importance of being punctual, the importance of maximum commitment and the importance of team spirit. 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