B.E.

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) applicable for 2024 Scheme
SEMESTER – I/II
Quantum computing and Photonics (3:0.5:0.5) 4
(Effective from the academic year 2024-25)
Course Code 24PHYCS12/22 CIE Marks 50
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P) 3:0:2 SEE Marks 50
Total Number of Contact Hours 40 (Theory) + 12 Exam Hours 3
(Lab sessions)
Course Objectives:
This course will enable students to:
1. Identify the fundamental concepts related to the theory of quantum mechanics,
Quantum computing, photonics and animations.
2. Elucidate the significance of principles of quantum mechanics in quantum computing.
3. Apply the knowledge in solving the problems of quantum mechanics, photonics and
animations.
4. Demonstrate and construct the electrical, optical experiments.
5. Learn the conduction of experiments using simulations/virtual mode.
Preamble: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Quantum computation, Quantum Gates,
Physics of animation, photonics, hands-on and simulation experiments.
Module – 1
Quantum Mechanics
Introduction, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and its significance, Application: Non-
existence of electron inside the nucleus (Relativistic condition), Principle of Complementarity,
Wave Function and its properties, Physical Significance of a wave function and Born’s
Interpretation, Expectation value. Time independent (derivation) and time-dependent
(qualitative) Schrodinger wave equations, Eigen functions and Eigen Values, Applications of
Schrodinger wave equation: Eigen Values and Eigen functions of a particle in a one-
dimensional potential well of infinite depth, mapping of wave function and probability density,
free particle case, Numerical.
(08Hours)
Module – 2
Quantum computation
Introduction, Moore’s law & its end, single particle quantum interference, quantum
superposition and entanglement, Qubit: properties of a qubit, representation of qubit by Bloch
sphere, Single and Two qubits, Extension to N qubits. Differences between classical & quantum
computing. Matrix representation of 0 and 1 States, Identity Operator, Pauli Matrices and its
operations on |0⟩ and |1⟩states, Conjugate of a matrix and Transpose of a matrix. Unitary
matrix, Inner Product, Probability, normalization rule, Orthogonality, Orthonormality,
Numerical.
(08 Hours)
Module – 3
Quantum Gates and Physics of animation
Introduction, Single Qubit Gates: Quantum Not Gate, Pauli-Z Gate Hadamard Gate, Pauli
Matrices, Phase Gate (or S Gate), T Gate. Multiple Qubit Gates: CNOT Gate, Swap gate,
Controlled-Z gate, Toffoli gate. Applications of quantum gates: Artificial Intelligence and
Machine Learning, Cryptography, Model Realizations.
Introduction, Taxonomy of physics-based animation methods, Frames, Frames per Second,
Size and Scale, Motion and timing in animations, Constant Force and Acceleration, Slow in

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 Slow out, The Odd rule, Motion graphs, Numerical Calculations based on Odd Rule, Examples
of Character Animation: Jumping, Walking, Numerical.
(08 Hours)
Module – 4
LASER and Holography
Introduction, Interaction of radiation with matter, expression for the energy density of the
radiation in terms of Einstein’s Coefficients (derivation), condition for Laser Action:
Population Inversion, Metastable State, Stimulated emission, Requisites of a Laser system,
construction and working of Semiconductor Diode Laser, Q- switching, Applications of Lasers:
Bar code scanner, data storage, Numerical.
Introduction, Principle of holography, construction and reconstruction of hologram,
Applications: Holographic data storage and security.
(08 Hours)
Module – 5
Optical Fiber
Introduction, Propagation mechanism, Acceptance angle, Numerical Aperture (derivation),
condition for ray propagation, Modes of propagation and V-number, Classification of Optical
Fibers, Attenuation and causes for attenuation: absorption, bending, scattering loss, dispersion
losses, distortion losses, expression attenuation coefficient (derivation). Optical wave guides-
Types of optical wave guides, guided modes in planar wave guides, guided modes in step-index
optical fibers, Attenuation Spectrum of an Optical fiber, Optical Windows. Applications: Fiber
Optic networking, Fiber Optic Communication, Fiber optic sensors, optical computers,
Numerical.
(08 Hours)
Practical components ( 10 experiments needed to be completed from the list)
Sl. No. Experiments
Physical lab experiments
1 Photo-Diode Characteristics
2 Wavelength of LASER using Grating
3 Numerical Aperture using optical fiber
4 Fermi energy of copper by using Wheatstone’s meter bride.
5 Series & Parallel LCR resonance
6 Magnetic field along the axis of a circular coil carrying current
7 Energy gap of a semiconductor by four probe method
Simulation/Virtual lab experiments
8 Study of motion using spread sheets : Study of projectile motion using Excel
sheet/PHET.
9 Interactive simulations: Energy-bandgap of a semiconductor
10 Interactive Simulations: Numerical-aperture-measurement.
11 Creating animated videos using software.
12 Interactive Simulations: Realization of quantum gates using virtual lab software.
13 Interactive Simulations: Verification and interpretation of truth table for AND,
OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR gates.
14 Interactive Simulations: study of the motion of the simple pendulum
Demonstration experiments
1 Determination of velocity of ultrasound using interferometer.
2 Determination of spring constant and verification of laws of springs.

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Course Outcomes:
The students will be able to:
CO1 Comprehend the principles of the Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Computing.
CO2 Analyse the application of Quantum mechanics, Quantum computation in
engineering applications.
CO3 Apply the concepts of physics in Quantum gates and animations.
CO4 Apply the basic principles of Lasers, Holography, Optical fibers and its relevant
applications in engineering.
CO5 Examine the physical/virtual experiments for their precise measurements.
Textbooks:
1. A textbook of Engineering Physics by M.N. Avadhanulu, P G. Kshirsagar and T V S
Arun Murthy, Eleventh edition, S Chand and Company Ltd. New Delhi-110055.
2. Engineering Physics by S P Basavaraj, 2018 Edition, Subhas Store Publication,
Bengaluru.
3. Parag K Lala, “Quantum Computing – A Beginner’s Introduction”, Indian Edition,
McGraw Hill, Reprint 2020.
References:
1. Lasers and Non-Linear Optics, B B Loud, New age international, 2011 edition.
2. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Michael A. Nielsen & Isaac L.
Chuang, Cambridge Universities Press, 2010 Edition.
3. Quantum Computing, Vishal Sahani, McGraw Hill Education, 2007 Edition.
14.11.2022 4
4. A. Ghatak, “Optics”, Tata McGraw Hill Pub., 5th Edition, 2012.
5. Physics for Animators, Michele Bousquet with Alejandro Garcia, CRC Press, Taylor &
Francis, 2016.
Alternate Assessment Tools (AATs) suggested:
• Assignment
• Group discussion activity
• Technical report
• Research article report
Web links / e – resources:
1. Physics of Animation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kj1kaA_8Fu4
2. Virtual LAB:https://www.vlab.co.in/participating-institute-amrita-vishwa-vidyapeetham
3. Virtual LAB: https://vlab.amrita.edu/index.php?sub=1&brch=189&sim=343&cnt=1
Activity-Based Learning (Suggested Activities in Class)/
4. https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulations/filter?subjects=physics&type=html
5. Optical Fiber : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_kA8EpCUQo
6. Quantum Mechanics : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7bzE1E5PMY&t=136s
7. Quantum Computing : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHoEjvuPoB8
8. Quantum Computing :https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZuvCUU2jD30
9. Physics of Animation : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kj1kaA_8Fu4