CHAPTER 7 INTEGRALS POINTS TO REMEMBER an FF oe Integration or anti derivative is the reverse process of Differentiation. Let < F(x) = f(x) then we write f f(x) dx = FG) +c. These integrals are called indefinite integrals and c is called constant of integration. From geometrical point of view, an indefinite integral is the collection of family of curves each of which is obtained by translating one of the curves parallel to itself upwards or downwards along y-axis. STANDARD FORMULAE ni JxPdx= mit? neol loge|x| +c2 = —1 (axto)™1 Jlax+b axa) pa 7S nent Hoglax +b] +c2 = 71 Jsinx dx = —cosx +c. fcosxdx = sinx +c tanx.dx = —log|cosx| + c = log|secx| +c. 8 BI J cotx dx = log|sin x| + ¢. fsec?xdx = tanx+c [Class XII: Maths]10. 11: 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. ne 18. fcosec? xdx = —cotx+c fsecx tanxdx = secx+c fcosecx cotx dx = —cosecx+c fsecx dx = loglsecx + tanx| +c =log|tan(5+2)|+¢ fcosecxdx = loglcosecx— cotx| +c fetde= +c fa® dx= at loga tc x = log ftan5| Ba = etd lye sinx+c,|x|<1 fz 1+x? 1 Set —cos“x+c dx = tan-*x+c = -cot"!x+c¢ dx = sectx+c,|x]>1 = Zlog = —cosec™*x +¢ atx Fl + ©19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 1 1p ae Sa ox =F tan = +c x aan a dx = sin“ +c=-cos12 +c 1 Sas S yeaa x = log|x + Va? Fo? | +c Sqeexr= log|x + Vx? —a2| +¢ [VP dx = Va + Esin 24 [VO FR dx = 2 Va Fe + “logs + VaF FA] +c [VER ax = BV a? —“ Dog) + VFA] + € RULES OF INTEGRATION JIG) £HO04. .. tROO] dx = fhOddxt fhOdxt.... JS f@xddx Jk. fdx =k f f@)dx. Je fFG) + FQO}dx = e*F(x) +c INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION fQax = loglf(x)| +c2. 3. [FG ]Pt* n+1 SECO]? f’@dx = sf £0) es Gey [foe =n 4 INTEGRATION BY PARTS fred g (0) de =F (x) fg ax -I] &) Ja ox] DEFINITE INTEGRALS b | f(x)dx = F(b) — F(a) ,where F(x) = / f(x) dx a DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS A LIMIT OF SUMS. b J teoax = lim h [fa) + a+ h) + f(@ + 2h) +--+ f@+n—1hy] Where h = = orf? f(x)dx = limyo[h YP, f(a + rh)] PROPERTIES OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL b a 1. f(x) =—] f)dx fro~| a b b 2. ic) dx =[r@ dt, &. [rooee= freoan+ [roo b b 4. @ [Fe dx = [f@tb—waxof re dx = rc —x)dx a 5. | f (x)dx = 2 | “F@ddx, if f (x) is even function 6. J f (dx = Oif f (x) isan odd function 2a ie — Saf paar, iff@a-1 =1@) Be | fow= J iff (@a—x) = -f(%) 3 0 ONE MARK QUESTIONS Evaluate the following integrals: its J (sin vx + cos~+ vx) dx 2 fie dx 3 s—& a—sin2x. Ek 4. f/x cos* x dx 5. ff 4 x logx log(logx) dx 3 1+x 6 f2,.cos xlog &) dx 7, f(ealoex + exloea) dx a2 8. pooextesn X ay cos” x10. 11. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. at: 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. fo 27, Jorg, sin’x dx [N10 =4x +x? dx 2,8 bl dx 1 Lica 2 ax Soa 1+|x-1] Jen !e* dx SS ax —" vee dx x Sean we Jicos? adx I, dx xeosa+1 J secxlog(secx + tanx) dx j— x cosa tx sina jostooen it « Stam 1 Jigen a-sinx J dx xecos x 27. 28. 29. 30. 31, 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. tcosx SINK dx aot Same & (+1) St logx) dx Sfleos xl dx S'ls] dx where [xlis greatest integers function 1 Sama & pe a FG+F@b-x) LB ax L2,x Isl dx Jxvx¥2 dx Li) dx+ {2FO) dx 2% ax sindx Sadsin x| dx J J Sranx Secxttanx Treosx10. TWO MARK QUESTIONS Evaluate : [eteaes-borg 11. | xlog2x dx 1 al lew 42. f vi+sin2xdx J sin xsin 2xdx 13. re (sinx—cosx)dx [Seve oa fox fz aa ax 14. 4@G0-x°?) dx al2 5+3cosx 15. ; dx f, \ (ae loarre log|sin x| ype 16. —— ff +6 dx J tanx “* “ 17 jee ea me sin’ x +cos* x a lax 18, J vtanx (1+tan*x)dx fer ae 10 J sin2x {2 272% dx . (a+ beosx) sin(2tan *x) 30, (paneer J 44x? oe : 41 FOUR MARK QUESTIONS Evaluate : (yp zeosee ean 1+x4 af : sin(x—a) sin(—b)(vy set ae cos(x—a) (V) fcos2x cos4x cos 6x dx (VI) ftan 2xtan 3x tan 5x dx. (vil) fsin?x cos*x dx (vill) f cot#x cosec*x dx (x) fet ax Vatsin?xt be co: [Hint: Put a*sin?x + b*cos*x = t or t? 1 ” Nara (xt) panceneeaey dx sin?x osx ca pm 4 Evaluate : ® Saaz . 1 (ii) Saat dx (i) st ysin3x cosSx (vy) sax aL (vy) fee Te} (vi) (vil) (wii) (ix) &) (xi) ps Bx@42x41 —" sroxeL Sy JxvPFx—x? dx ss ax cost, J Vsecx—1 dx [Hint: Multiply and divided by Vsecx +1] Evaluate : 0 IS See oy foresee do ww f aa o SSB a wy (ERED ax4. dx (2x41) +4) (vii) ff (vii) ft ax eee (ix) f Vtanxdx ® Sos sinx—sin 2x Evaluate: () x8 sinx? dx (il) fisectx dx (Ill) fe cos(bx + c) dx oa (68 (vy fsin-t (5) ax [Hint: Put 3x=tan 6] (VY) fcos vx dx (Vl) fx*tan“?xdx (vil) fer G2) dx Treos 2x 14 (vin) Shes - al dx () [Vax 9 dx 241) ) see ax (xt) fxtsin (2) dx (XII) f flog(logx) + 5} dx Glogs)? \ Hint: Put °® x (Kill) f(6x+5)V64x—x? dx mv) fs HL dx (xv) fran" (SS) dx 45x. dx Bt4cosx (xv) f Evaluate the following definite integrals: 7 HY, sinxscosx fo Sete sinax (i) cos 2x logsinx dx dx (i) fx F A, \(e_sin7* x aoa w feasne 0” Sint + cost, (vi) fisin(2tan™ ) dx x My, x+sinx (wil) oT casx(will) f)'xlog(1 +3) ax (ix) Lew cos mx| dx (&) [cosa x—sinb x)? dx Evaluate: (@)—fllk— 21 + lk -31-+ bx All dx (iy) fax Gi) [2 FB) ae () Ie Sreoste ™ — fb’lax oy legemeses (wii) Dama [Hint: use J) f(x)dx = JP f(a — dx Evaluate the following integrals: 0 Sim xi? (il) J (sin}x|+cos}x{)dx 0 | oe cas ORR FeO vy FS ax 3 Seex + cosec x Evaluate sin! VR — cos! VR 0 |S Rrone 1-vx wf Ta” fa x? eX (iy are a! dx x€(0,1] ; 2 © | rma ) f sin as dx "3 sin co | Sra3/2 (viii) / Ix sinwx| dx é iy [BED sin@e—a) 4 singe ra) ® @ © I wae ™ poses Gi) | = aeosax Evaluate the following integrals: xo + @ J Ss 2et @ / eee + Teo 4 dx x 2x a) | wren ™ 1+sinx a ® [amare Fc0sx) ™e f(Wiane-+ VeoER) a 4 i ‘1 —x? w fx ex "a cosx Hi ParETarEereeTn a of 1+ cosx + sinx a Evaluate the following integrals as limit of sums: ‘ () | @x+1) dx ! z Gi) | 62 +3) dx ! 3 (iii) | (3x? — 2x + 4) dx ! 4 (iv) | Gx? +?) dx ! 1 (w) |e ax ! ‘ ow | ox? 42x41) ax 3 Evaluate: dx | Gatien log +x) 4, a of See 1+2 To Gi) J (2logsin x —logsin 2x) dxN s or 1 J canta? dx 0 "a i | logsinx dx 0 1 1 Prove that f tan* =) l-x+x 3 1 dx=2 fran xdx 3 Hence or otherwise evaluate the integral franta =—xtx? ) dx. x 2 Evaluate f, /,_sin’ x sin x-+cos x