Computer

Awareness
Part 7
- Funsta Team
Lets Start
Computer
Awareness
Part 7
- Funsta Team
Lets Start
Computer Awareness
Part 1 Intro/Generation/ Classification of Computers
Part 2 Computer Architecture & Memory
Part 3 Computer Hardware
Part 4 Computer Software and System Utilities
Part 5 Number System
Part 6 Computer Codes & Logic Gates
Computer Awareness
Part 7 Introduction to Operating System
Part 8 Operating System

Lets move on to
Next Part
 Page
Sl. No Topic
Number
1 Data Communication 4

2 Communication channel 8

3 Communication Media 12
 Data Communication

Data transmission is the transfer of data over a point-to-point

or point-to-multipoint communication channel.

Examples of such channels are copper wires, optical fibers,

wireless communication channels, storage media and computer buses.

There are 3 types

Digital signal

Analog Signal

Hybrid Signal

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Index
 Digital signal

A digital signal is a signal that is being used to represent data as a sequence of discrete values;
at any given time it can only take on one of a finite number of values.

Examples of digital signals are Computers, Digital Phones, Digital pens, etc.

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Data Communication
 Analog Signal

An analog or analogue signal is any continuous signal for which

the time varying feature (variable) of the signal is a representation of s
one other time varying quantity, i.e., analogous to another time varying signal.

It differs from a digital signal in terms of small fluctuations in the signal which are meaningful.

Examples of analog signals are Human voice, Thermometer, Analog phones etc.

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Data Communication
 Hybrid Signal

This method uses a synthesis signal (hereafter, called as Hybrid-signal)

for the data communication system.

The Hybrid-signal is electrically generated from an analog and digital signal

by using a signal addition circuit.

Each signal (analog and digital) contains the respective information.

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Data Communication
 Communication channel

A communication channel refers either to a physical transmission medium

such as a wire, or to a logical connection over a multiplexed medium such as
a radio channel in telecommunications and computer networking
Communicating data from one location to another requires some form
of pathway or medium.
There are 3 types

Simplex channel

Half Duplex Channel

Full Duplex Channel

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 Simplex channel

Simplex communication is a communication channel that sends information

in one direction only.

The International Telecommunication Union definition is a communications channel

that operates in one direction at a time, but that may be reversible;

Examples of simplex include radio broadcasting, television ,

computer to printer communication, and keyboard to computer connections

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Communication channel
 Half Duplex Channel

In half-duplex mode, each station can both transmit and receive, but not at the same time.
When one device is sending, the other can only receive, and vice versa.

The half-duplex mode is used in cases where there is no need for communication
in both direction at the same time

An example of a half-duplex system is a two-party system such as a walkie-talkie

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Communication channel
 Full Duplex Channel

The term full-duplex describes simultaneous data transmission and receptions

over one channel.

A full-duplex device is capable of bi-directional network data transmissions at the same time.

Example of full duplex mode is: Telephone.

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Communication channel
 Communication Media

Communication media refers to the means of delivering and receiving

data or information.

In telecommunication, these means are transmission and storage tools or channels

for data storage and transmission.

There are 2 types

Guided Media or Wired Technologies

Unguided Media or Wireless Technologies

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Guided Media or Wired Technologies

Guided − In guided media, transmitted data travels through cabling system

that has a fixed path.
For Example, Copper wires, fibre optic wires, etc.

It has 3 types

Ethernet Cable or Twisted Pair Cable

Co-Axial Cable

Fibre Optic Cable

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Communication Media
Ethernet Cable or Twisted Pair Cable

Inside an ethernet cable are various copper wires that are used to transmit data
and information between the two devices by using analog/digital signals.
These cables are used to connect multiple devices and creating or connecting devices
to both Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area Networks (WAN)

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Wired Technologies
 Co-Axial Cable

Coaxial cables, commonly called coax, are copper cables with metal shielding
designed to provide immunity against noise and greater bandwidth.
Coax can transmit signals over larger distances at a higher speed
as compared to twisted pair cables.

Eg: Cable TV Network

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Wired Technologies
 Fibre Optic Cable
A fiber optic cable is a network cable that contains strands of glass fibers
inside an insulated casing.
They're designed for long-distance, high-performance data networking, and telecommunications.
Compared to wired cables, fiber optic cables provide higher bandwidth and transmit data
over longer distances.
There are three types of fiber optic cable commonly used:
single mode, multimode and plastic optical fiber (POF)

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Wired Technologies
Unguided Media or Wireless Technologies

An unguided transmission transmits the electromagnetic waves without

using any physical medium.
Therefore it is also known as wireless transmission.
In unguided media, air is the media through which the electromagnetic energy can flow easily.
Examples are propagation through air, vacuum and seawater.
It has 4 types

Radio Wave Transmission

Micro Wave Transmission

Infrared Wave Transmission

Satellite Communication Back to

Communication Media
 Radio Wave Transmission

When two devices communicate by using radio frequencies is called Radio Wave Transmission

It also called as Radio Frequency Transmission

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Wireless Technologies
 Micro Wave Transmission

When two devices communicate by using Electromagnetic frequencies

is called Micro Wave Transmission
Electromagnetic Frequency Range - 0.3 to 300 GHz

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Wireless Technologies
 Infrared Wave Transmission

Infrared transmission technology refers to energy in the region of the

electromagnetic radiation spectrum at wavelength longer than those of visible light
but shorter than those of radio waves. Infrared technology allows computing devices
to communicate via short range wireless signals.

It uses TV remote and wireless Speakers

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Wireless Technologies
 Satellite Communication

This communication is interact with satellites using Radio Frequency Transmission

It is used to ships, Planes, vehicles, Handheld Terminals for communication

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Wireless Technologies
 ‘Hurrah!’
Next session is
Types of Operating System