CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

K.C.S.E PAPER 1 2005

MARKING SCHEME

1. Name the five books of the bible which are referred to as the Pentateuch
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy ( 5 x 1= 5 mks)

2. Write down five teachings about marriage from the biblical stories of creation
Marriage is monogamous
Marriage is between a man and a woman
It is a permanent union/ no divorce / covenant
Marriage is for procreation
It is a continuation of God’s work of creation
Husband and wife should not be ashamed of each other
Man and woman are to complement each other/ help each other
Marriage is for companionship
Marriage is for love
Marriage is sacred/ ordained by God/ holy ( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

3. Give five reasons why the temple in Jerusalem was important to the Israelite
It was a place of worship
It signified the pressure of God
Sacrifices were offered there
It united the Jews
It was a business centre/ trade
It housed the treasures of the nation
It was an academic centre for the teachers of the law/ rabbis
It was a residence for priests

4. State five qualities of God from the teaching of Prophet Hosea

Just
Forgiving/ compassionate
Patient/ tolerant
Loving
Saviour

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 Powerful
Everlasting
Guide ( 5 x 1) = 5 mks)

5. Give five reasons why Jesus was baptized

To identify himself with sinners
To be identified by John
To be introduced to the crowd as the messiah
To fulfill all righteousness
It symbolized his death and resurrection
To show that he was ready to start his work
To acknowledge the work of John the Baptist as his forerunner

6. State five reasons why Jesus healed the sick

To demonstrate God’s love for human beings
To take away their pain/ suffering
People believed in his healing power/ people had faith in him
To show that physical healing sometimes symbolized spiritual healing
As a way of destroying the work of Satan
To glorify God/ show God’s power
To fulfill old testament prophesies

7. List five teachings about kingdom of God from the parable of the year and the mustard seed
It grows/ keeps on expanding
It is hidden/ mysterious/ secret
It is powerful
It is universal

8. Give five reasons why it was necessary for Jesus to have the last supper with his disciple
He wanted to inform them of his coming death
He wanted to identify his betrayer
To establish the institution of the Holy communion/ supper
To bestow authority to the disciples
To share the last meal with them
To show that the bread and wine symbolized his body and blood respectively
To institute the new covenant
To identify Peter as the leader
To warn them about coming persecution after his departure

9. Identify five factors that enabled Paul tow in converts among the Gentiles

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 He was a Roman citizen
His occupation as a tentmaker was not a burden
He was well versed in religious/ legal matters
He was unmarried/ celibate
He was able to reach many converts through letter writing
The ability to perform miracles and wonders
There was peace in the Roman empire/ pax Roman
The use of Greek as a common language in Roman empire
There were good roads/ sea transport which led to efficient travel
The Greek/ Roman religious were not fulfilling (15 x 1 = 5 mks)

10. State five lessons Christians learn on the cost of discipleship from the story of
Perpetua and Felistas
A Christian should be ready to suffer/ endure persecution
Christians should have faith in God
They should love one another/ unite in suffering
They should forgive their enemies
They should be bold/ courageous
They should rejoice in suffering
They should encourage/ strengthen one another
They should know that God’s calling is a priority to family demand/ ties
Christians should know that martyrdom is not in vain/ there is hope in death
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

11. write down five places where worship is carried out in traditional African communities
Under sacred trees
In caves
A river bank
On rocks
On mountains
At waterfalls
In shrines
In homes of religious leaders
At grave yards

12. Give reasons why seclusion after childbirth is important in traditional African
Communities
It gives the mother time to regain the lost energy
It keeps the mother/ baby evil eyes/ witchcraft
It gives the mother time to rest

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 It enables the mother to be trained on how to care for the baby
It enables the mother to feed well produce enough milk
It enables the baby to adjust to new life
It enables the mother to take maximum care of the baby
It mks the end of pregnancy at the beginning of new life ( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
13. List five duties of diviners in traditional African communities
They predict the future
They warn people about calamities
The pre- intercede for the community/ individual during calamities
They heal the sick
They interpret messages from spiritual world
They act as judges in society
They mediate between God/ Spirits and people
They comfort the sick in society
They counsel people with problems
They use various objects to reveal secrets in society/ expose the wrong doers

14. Write down five reasons why disputes over land were rare in traditional African
communities
The elders disciplined greedy people/ land grabbers
There were clear guidelines on the use of land
Those without land were assisted to acquire it by the clan/ community
There was enough land assigned to individuals by elders. The wish/ will of
Parents/ clan on property ownership was respected people were hesitant to acquire land
unlawfully for fear of curses justice fairness by elders was adhered in land ownership
allocation
There were clear guidelines on land ownership

15. State five problems faced by the Christian missionaries in Kenya by 1914
Language barrier
Hostile reception by some communities
Poor means of transport
Tropical diseases
Unfavourable climate conditions
Islam! African culture/ religion was an obstacle to Christian evangelization
Rivalry among themselves
Lack of funds/ resources

16. Identify five causes of conflicts between the youth and the old people in the church
today

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 Mode of dressing language/ communication
Controversies over the kind of music/ dance
Issue relating on sex / marriage
Rigidity in Biblical interpretations
Controversies over observance of ritual/ church rules (1 x 5 = 5 mks)

17. State five ways in which Christians use their talents to promote evangelism in Kenya
today
Make articles for sale/ weaving / knitting
Writing/ drawing Christians literature
Teach others professional skills/ trade
Acting Christians plays/ skits/ reciting poems
Compose/ sing dance Christians music
Preach the word to others
Offering guidance counseling services
Acting ushers/ master of ceremonies

18. Give five reasons why Christians should vote during the general elections
It is their constitutional right
In order to own their elected leaders/ identify with them
So as to remove oppressive leaders/ government
In order to effect a peaceful change/ transition
It is a demonstration of obedience to earthly authorities
The elected leaders are their direct representatives in parliament / civic authorities
(1 x 5 = 5 mks)

19. Write down five consequences of denying employees rest

Poor working relationships/ lack of respect
Leads to exhaustion/ fatigue
Can results in poor health/ death
Can result in go-slow
There is mistrust/ need to be supervised so as to work
Can lead to strikes/ riots/ violence
Leads to loss of job/ sacking
Leads to family conflicts/ suspicion/ separation/ divorce
Lack of time for spiritual nourishment/ worship
Leads to low morale/ negative attitude to work

20. Identify five ways in which Christians assist people who are living with
HIV/AIDS

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 Praying for them/ preaching to them
Guiding and counseling them
Providing medical services for them
Providing basic needs for both the infected the family members
Educating them on ways of avoiding re- infection/ teach them to live positively initiating
Income – generating activities to provide employment for them preaching against their
discrimination/ advocating for legislation to support their existence
Building home/ shelter for them
Visiting them (1 x 5 = 5 mks)

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

K.C.S.E PAPER 1 2006
MARKING SCHEME

1. (a) Reasons why Christian read the bible

It provides Christians with moral values
It is a source of spiritual
It is used in Christian worship
It gives them inspirational/ hope
It helps them to understand their relationship with God
It is a source of Christian beliefs/ practices
It reveals God to them makes them understand the will of God
It is a source of knowledge
It is the word of God the authours were inspired by God
(4 x 2 = 8 mks)

(b) Attributes of God as portrayed in Genesis story of creation. ( chapter 1

and 2)
God is all powerful/ omnipotent
God of order/ orderly/ perfect
He is everywhere/ omnipresent
He is the provider/ sustainer
He is the creator
He is all knowing/ omniscient
He commands moral ( obedient – Adam & Eve) Gen 2: 16
He is loving (wants personal relationship with man)
He is everlasting/ self existence
He is a spirit
God is the source of goodness
God is holy Gen. 2: 3

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 ( 7 x 1 = 7 mks)

(c) Consequences pf breaking taboos in traditional African communities

Paying of a fine
Excommunication/ banishment/ ostracized/ Exile
Punishment/ ridicule/ pain to the body
Being killed
Cleaning/ undergoing rituals
Making sacrifices to appease the ancestors/ God/ Spirit
Offering compensation
Being cursed/ mysterious happenings
Denial of privileges (5 x 1 = 5 mks)

2. (a) Promises that God made to Abraham

He would make Abrahams name great/ famous
God would bless those who bless Abraham/ curse those who curse him/ protect him
All the families of the world would be blessed through Abraham
God would give land to Abraham’s descendants
He would give Abraham many descendants/ he would have a great nation
God will bless Abraham
God would give Abraham long life/ he would die in peace
He would give Abraham a son/ heir
Kings will come from Abraham’s descendants
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(b) Problems Moses faced as he led the Israelites during Exodus

Lack of water for the Israelites
Lack of food for the Israelites
Complains/ grumbling by the Israelites/ refuse to listen to Moses
Warring tribes in the desert
Settling of disputes among the people
Traveling in hostile/ harsh climate conditions/ terrain
Lack of faith from the people/ worship of the golden calf
Rebellion/ opposition from his family
Threat from the Egyptian army
Bites from snakes
( 5 x 2 = 10 mks)

(b) Reasons why circumcision was important to the Jews

It was an outward sign of the inner faith in God

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 It was a physical badge/ identity for all male children
It showed that one had made a covenant with God/ that benefits form God’s promises to
Abraham
It was a sign of obedience to God
It signified purity/ cleanliness
Through it, one became a member of Jewish community/ Abraham’s family
(4 x 1= 4 mks)

3. (a) Reasons why the Israelites demanded for a king

Samuel had become old/ unable to rule/ feared he would dies
Samuel appointed his sons as judges/ made the post hereditary
The sons of Samuel were corrupt/ his sons had failed as judges
The Israelites wanted to be like others nations
They wanted a king who could lead them to war against their enemies
They wanted a leader whom they could see/ rejected God as their king
They wanted a political government with national authority/ organized system etc
( 4 x 2 = 8 mks)

(b)
He built the temple for the worship of Yahweh
He established trade links with neighboring nations
He built many cities in Israel/ infrastructure
He organized the central government/ improved tax collection/ established a strong army
to maintain peace
He established diplomatic links with other countries/ nations
He built a magnificent palace
He composed proverbs songs for the worship of Yahweh/ wrote the book of ecclesiastics
He settled disputes wisely
He installed the ark of the covenant in the temple/ dedicated the temple of God.

(c) Causes of power struggle which God reveals himself to Christians today
Greed for lack material possession/ poverty
Hypocrisy among the believers/ leaders misbehavior
Tribalism/ nepotism/ clanism/ racism/ ethnicity/ all other forms of discrimination
Gender gap
Economic status/ rich versus the poor in the church
Educational status
Differences in interpretation of the Christian doctrine
Rigidity/ conservatism among leaders
Political interference in the leadership of the church

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 Fighting for recognition/ prestige
Succession wrangles
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

4. (a) The role of prophets in the Old Testament

They spoke on behalf of God/ God’s messengers/ mouth pieces
They foretold the future events
They guided counseled the kings
They called people back to repentance/ gave message of hope
They reminded the people about the covenant
They condemned the evil in society
They warned the people of God’s judgment
They made the people understand the nature of God
They offered sacrifices to God
They anointed kings
They interpret the vision dreams from God/ current events ( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

(b) Reasons why prophet Amos was against the way Israelites worshipped
God
They gave empty sacrifices which did not reflect holy lives
They practiced syncretism
There was sincerity in worship/ hypocrisy
They made idols/ worshipped idols
They built many high places of worship for idols
They misused the temple by feasting drinking
They refused to listen to the prophets of God/ listened to false prophets
They misused the Sabbath
They practiced Temple prostitution
( 5 x 2 = 10 mks)

(c) Ways through which God reveals himself to Christians

Through visions
Through dreams
By reading the word of God/ bible
Listening to preachers/ crusades/ observing role models
Through answering prayers miracles
Through nature events/ calamities
Through the holy spirit/ the gifts of the Holy Spirit
( 4 x 1 = 4 mks)

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5. (a) The problems that Nehemiah encountered in rebuilding the wall of
Jerusalem
The officials of Tekoa did not co-operate with him ( Neh3:5
He was ridiculed by Sanballat and Tobiah. Neh2:17 – 19, 4: 2- 3
He received threats of violence from the enemies Neh 4: 7 – 8
A trap was laid to drill his mission of rebuilding the wall. Neh 4: 12
There was a plot to kill him. Neh 6: 2 -3
Insecurity from the enemies Neh 4: 11 – 12
False prophets tried to discourage him. Neh 6: 14
Opposition from the Jewish nobles Neh 4: 19
False accusation from his enemies Neh 6: 5-9
(5x 2 = 10 mks)

(b) The symbolic acts used by prophets Jeremiah to demonstrate God’s judgment and
punishment to the Israelites
Buying a new linen waistcloth and buying in a cleft of the rock Jer 13L 1 – 11
Jeremiah was not to marry. Jer 16: 1- 18
The reworking of the vessels by the potter. Jer 18: 1 – 17
The breaking of the earthen flask before the elders. Jer 19: 1 – 15
He was shown two baskets or figs one with good figs and another with bad figs. Jer 24:
1 -10
Wearing of the yoke Jer 27: 1 – 15
( 4 x 1 = 4 mks)

(c) Lessons Christians learns from prophet Jeremiah’s teaching on the new covenant
They should internalize the Law of God/ laws of God are in their hearts
They should have personal relationship with God/ know God personally
There is individual responsibility/ punishment when one sins
There is forgiveness of sins if one repents/ reconciliation
Christian have an everlasting relationship with God
Those who repent their sins have a new beginning
The need to have faith in God
They should obey practice the law of God
They learn that the new covenant is fulfilled in the coming of Jesus Christ
( 6 x 1 = 6 mks)

6. (a) The importance of rituals performed during a naming ceremony in

traditional African communities
Bathing of the baby sets in the begging of new life
Shaving of the mother and baby’s hair symbolizes new status

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 Choosing of the appropriate name to give the baby is for identification/ incorporation
into the wider society/ honour to the ancestors
Feeding of the baby symbolized new life growth
Holding of the baby by members of the community shows concern for it/ shared
responsibility by the extended family
Saying prayer/ words of blessings for the mother and baby signifies long life
Slaughtering of animals is a way of thanksgiving to ancestors/ God
Feasting is a sign of joys/ socialialism/ welcoming the baby/ acceptance
Giving of presents to the baby/ mother is a sign o f good will/ ownership of property
Wearing of charms signifies protection for the baby/ mother
( 5 x 2 = 10 mks)

(b) Moral values acquired during marriage in traditional African Communities

Faithfulness/ loyalty/ obedience
Respect/ courtesy
Responsibility/ hard work
Hospitality/ kindness
Tolerance/ perseverance/ endurance/ patience
Love
Co-operation/ unity
Humility
Honesty
Integrity
Courage
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)
(c) Reasons why death is feared in traditional African Communities
It disrupts the rhythm of human life/ activity
It is irrevocable/ in escapable
It brings impurity to the family
It deprives the community of the individuals
It involves too many rituals
It comes unannounced
It separates one from the loved ones/ mks the end of life on earth
Nobody knows about the life after death
It may cause misunderstanding in the community
Death rites reveal people’s characteristics
It brings poverty to the family involved
( 5 x 1 = 5 mks)

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 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
K.C.S.E PAPER 1 2007
MARKING SCHEME
1. (a)
• The creation order of everything is mentioned in the first account but no order is given
in the second account
• Male and female are created at the same time in the image of God in the first account
while in the second account man is made form dust and the woman form the man’s rib
• In the first account creation is out of nothing but in the second account man is made
out of dust of the ground as the plants are made to grow out of a garden
• In the first account God gives names to what He orders to be while in the second
account man is made to give names to all that God created.
• In the first account human beings are to subdue the earth while in the second account
God confines them in the garden of Eden.
• In the first account creation is completed in six days while in the second there are no
number of days given.

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 • God rested on the seventh day in the first account but there is no day of rest in the
second account.
• In the first account there is no forbidden tree while in the second account is.
• In the first account the spirit of God was moving over the face of the waters while in
the second account the spirit of God is not mentioned.
• In the first account God appreciated everything as good while in the second account
He said that it is not good for man to be along.
• In the first account God creates in unity with the spirit while in the second account He
was alone.
• In the first account God created human beings for procreation, while in the second
account they were created for companionship. (5 x 2 = 10mks)

(b)
• Both Adam and Eve realized they were naked
• They became ashamed
• They hid from God / feared to face God
• They started blaming each other
• The serpent was cursed
• Enemity between the serpent and human being developed
• The woman was to experience pain in child bearing
• The man was made to rule over the woman
• The man was to toil/sweat in order to eat
• The ground was made to produce weeds and thorns
• Death was introduced in their lives
• They were chased /banished from the garden of Eden (6 x 1 = 6 mks)
(c)
• Poverty
• Corruption/greed/selfishness
• Disobedience /rebellion
• Inability to forgive others
• Influence from media/foreign culture
• Wrong choices/lack of vision/peer pressure
• Unemployment
• Permissiveness
• Influence of drug and substance abuse
• Poor role models
• Lack of guidance and counseling
2. (a)
• It was initialized by God

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 • It was solemn permanent /long lasting
• It was unconditional
• There were promises to be fulfilled
• It was sealed through the sacrifice of animals
• The parties entered it willingly/it was voluntary
• It had an outward sign/circumcision
• It was between two unequal parties

(b)
• God established a personal relationship with Abraham/Abraham became God’s friend.
• It showed that Abraham had faith/trust in God
• It demonstrated Abraham’s obedience to God.
• Abraham was assured of God’s protection.
• God revealed to Abraham that he would have a son as his heir/ many descendants
• God revealed to Abraham that he would have a son as his heir/many descendants
• It confirmed Abraham as God’s choice through whom all nations shall receive
salvation.
• God was in control of Abraham’s life / all other events
• The descendants of Abraham were promised the land of Canaan.
(5 x 2=10 mks)
(c)
• They should obey God
• They should have faith in God
• They should be patient and wait upon God/should not give up
• They should be prepared to face difficult situations
• They should be ready to give up everything for God/be totally committed to God
• God blesses those who are ready to serve him
• They should rely on God’s guidance
• They should be wise when dealing with issues affecting their lives
• They should involve family members in worship (5 x 1 = 5 mks)

3. (a)
• It was based on nature /cosmic
• It was polytheistic/comprised of many gods and goddesses
• Symbols/idols/images were made to represent each god/goddesses
• Temple prostitution was part of the worship of goddesses
• Festivals and feasts were celebrated in honour of the gods and goddesses
• Rituals were performed to ensure continued fertility and well being of the community
• There were prophets and prophetesses for each god and goddess

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 • Each god and goddess played a specific role in the community
• There was a chief god and goddess (5 x 2 = 10 mks)
(b)
• He made two golden claves and placed one at Bethel and another at Dan to represent
Yahweh
• He set up two rival places of worship and ignored Jerusalem
• He made the Israelites to offer sacrifices to the golden calves
• He chose priests from ordinary families to serve at worship centres
• He built other places of worship /shrines on hill tops
• He burnt incense at altars of the idols
• He instituted religious festivals in the months of his choice
• He lured the people against Yahweh (4 x 1= mks)

(c)
• Critical thinking
• Creative thinking
• Decision making
• Conflict resolution
• Tolerance
• Assertiveness
• Self-esteem
• Self-awareness
• Empathy
• Effective communication (6 x 1 = 6 mks)
4. (a)
• They asked for payment for their services/material gains
• They were self appointed/had no call from God
• Their prophecies were not fulfilled
• They spoke what the people wanted to hear/wanted to please the people
• They raised false confidence among the people
• They did not speak with authority when challenged
• They spoke about doctrines /teachings that were contrary to the covenant
• Their lives were not exemplary/n\hypocrites
• They wanted favours from the kings
• They were not ready to suffer for the truth
• They undermined the work of the prophets (7 x 1 = 7 mks)

(b)
• It will be a day of terror and disaster

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 • God will punish the Israelites for their disobedience/He will remember their evil deeds
• The land shall tremble/there will be earthquakes
• People will mourn/no happiness
• The feasts and festivals will not be joyful
• People will thirst/hunger for the word of GOD
• People will faint in the process of searching for the word of God
• It will be a day of disappointment to the Israelites
• The wicked will not escape God’s judgement (4 x 2 = 8mks)

(c)
• Giving financial/material help
• Advising/counseling them on various issues
• Encouraging them in their work
• Participating fully in church activities/functions
• Giving tithes and offering faithfully
• Praying for them
• Respecting them
• Practicing/obeying the word of God
• Defending them against unfair criticism
• Providing training opportunities for them (5 x 1 = 5mks)

5. (a)
• Before asking Kind Artaxexas to let him go back to Judah
• When he learnt that the Jews in Judah were suffering and the temple of Jerusalem was
in ruins
• When his enemies made fun of the Jews and discouraged them from building the wall
of Jerusalem
• When the enemies conspired to attack Jerusalem to stop the construction work
• After he condemned the leaders for opposing the poor
• When his enemies planned to harm him
• When he was frightened by Shemaiah to hide in the temple claiming that there was a
plot to kill him
• When he cleansed and reorganized the temple for worship
• After warning the people of Judah against violating the Sabbath law
• When he had chased away the son-in-law of Sanbalat
• After cleansing the Israelites of the foreign influence (4 x 2 =8mks)

(b)
• He was hardworking /committed to his work

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 • He faced opposition/challenges courageously
• He prayed and consulted God in all situations
• He had a vision/foresight for the nation/Jews
• He recognized other people’s abilities /allowed them to perform different duties
• He was concerned about the life of his people
• He was patriotic
• He made wise/firm decision in different circumstances
• He was honest
• He served as a role model/participated in the rebuilding of the wall in Jerusalem
• He endured persecutions (7 x 1 = 7 mks)

(c)
• It enables one to gain power over temptations
• It expresses one’s obedience/humility before God
• One is able to give thanks to God for the many blessings
• So as to ask for God’s protection/care in all that one does
• In order to ask for forgiveness for the wrongs done
• One is able to intercede for others
• In order to ask for forgiveness for the wrongs done
• So as to praise/glorify /exalt God
• To seek for guidance/direction for God
• One is able to communicate with God

6. (a)
• Female circumcision/clitoridectomy has been discouraged
• Circumcision can be done at any age/time
• Some communities take their children to hospital for circumcision
• Education of the initiates is offered by persons/bodies other than traditional sponsors
• Some initiation practices like removal of teeth/tattooing of the body are being
discouraged /discarded
• Some communities have minimized /stopped elaborate ceremonies/rituals associated
with initiation.
• People are being discouraged from using the same circumcision instruments
• The role of age set/age group is fading away in some communities
• Initiation practices are no longer a test of courage/bravery (4 x 2 = 8 mks)

(b)
• Hospitality
• Honesty

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 • Integrity
• Tolerance/perseverance/endurance
• Chastity/faithfulness
• Loyalty
• Respect
• Love
• Responsibility
• Cooperation
• Unity
• Courage

(c)
• It can lead to infections/STIs/HIV/AIDS due to use of some instruments
• It can lead to injury/mutilation of the reproductive organs of the initiate
• It is against child/human rights
• It can cause psychological torture/traumatizes the initiate
• It can lead to irresponsible sexual behavior
• It can lead to early marriages
• It can lead to school dropouts among the girls
• It can lead to bleeding/death
• It can lead to separation /divorce
• It can lead to disagreement / quarrels in families (6 x 1 = 6mks)

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 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
K.C.S.E PAPER 1 2008
MARKING SCHEME
1. (a)
It has many books.
It was written at different times.
It is written by authors/people.
It is written in different styles.
It is written for different purposes/message/levels.
It is written over a long period/span of time.
It is divided into two main parts/old testament and new testament.
It is composed of various sections/Divisions.
It is arranged in a chronological order.
It is a reference book. (5x1=5 mks)

(b)
Many people are able to read the word of God/improve literacy of the people.
It led to development of African/local languages.
It made evangelization easier/growth of church.
It led to the development of African Independent Churches.
Many Africans get converted into Christianity.
Missionaries were able to learn African languages thus making Christianity spread faster.
Development of printing press/church bookshops.
It created job opportunities.
Africans demanded for leadership roles.
The well to do African Christian Community developed which contributed to expansion of the
church/emergence of special groups – elite.

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 It created more room for further research into African religious heritage/belief/appreciation of
the African culture.
It promoted ecumenical movement. (5x2=10 mks)

(c)
By use of electronic media.
By providing Bibles.
Through publishing/printing Christian literature/magazines.
By carrying outreach campaigns/door to door witness.
Organizing youth camps/seminars/retreats/conferences.
Supporting the teaching of Christian Religious Education/pastoral programme.
By encouraging members to visit the sick/provision of medical care.
By preaching the word/holding crusades.
By sending out missionaries/financing them.
By organizing choirs/singing groups/drama.
Miracles/Healing. (5x1=5 mks)

2. (a)
Every man chose a lamb or a young goat for his family.
The chosen animal was slaughtered.
Blood was put on the two door posts of the houses.
The slaughtered animal was to be roasted.
The Israelites ate the unleavened bread/bitter herbs with roasted meat.
They stayed indoors till morning.
They ate while fully dressed for the journey/in a hurry.
They burnt all the leftovers of the meal.
They collected jewellery/clothing from the Egyptians. (5x1=5 mks)

(b)
It mked the end of their suffering/oppression in Egypt.
It signified that they were a special nation/chosen by God.
It was fulfillment of the promises God had made to Abraham.
It proved that God was more powerful than other gods/supreme.
It showed/proved to them that Moses was a chosen leader of God.
The Exodus united the people of Israel as a nation.
It made them to understand the nature of God.
It taught them that God needed obedience from human beings.
They received the ten commandments which guided them in their relationships.
(5x2=10 mks)
(c)

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 They set aside a day of worship.
Set aside holy places of worship.
They do not mention God’s name in vain.
They pray to him.
Live exemplary lives/role model.
Giving offering/tithes.
Praise him for wonders.
Taking care of the environment.
Looking after the needy.
Preaching/spreading his word. (5x1=5 mks)

3 (a)
Prophet Elijah asked King Ahab to assemble all the people at Mount carmel.
The king summoned all the people including the prophets of Baal to Mount Carmel.
Elijah told the people to choose between worshipping God and Baal.
He suggested to the people that two bulls be brought and each party to offer the sacrifice to
their God.
He challenged them and said which ever party will make their God burn the sacrifice will be
the true God.
The prophets of Baal were given a bull which they prepared and called upon the name of their
God.
Elijah mocked them/asked them to shout louder to their God.
He placed the sacrifice on the alter asked the people to pour water on it.
He called upon God to prove that He was the living God.
Fire consumed the sacrifices/the wood/stone/the water/dust around it.
The people threw themselves on the ground and worshipped the Lord as the true God.
Elijah killed the prophets of Baal. (7x1=7 mks)

(b)
The existence of false prophets who gave false promises to the Israelites.
King Ahab had allowed his Phoenician wife to bring the worship of the false gods and
goddesses.
Jezebel had brought foreign gods and goddesses to Israel.
There was persecution of true prophets of God by Jezebel.
King Ahab had allowed the building of temples/high places for the worship of Baal.
The Canaanite religion had a strong influence on the Israelites.
The King participated in idol worship/Baalism made on official religion.
The idol gods could be seen/touched so they appeared real. (4x2=8 mks)

(c)

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 Truthfulness.
Courage.
Faithfulness/trust.
Kindness.
Loving/caring.
Honesty.
Responsible/commitment.
Loyalty/obedience.
Respectful.
Prayerfulness. (5x1=5 mks)

4. (a)
The Old Testament prophets stressed the worship of one God/Monotheism while in some
traditional African communities, prophets recognized many gods/goddesses.
The Old Testament prophets received their call from God while the traditional African
prophets inherited their work from their ancestors.
The Old Testament received their power, guidance directly from God while the African
traditional prophets got their power from God through the living dead/spirits.
The Old Testament prophets spoke to the nations God sent them to, while the traditional
African prophets were confined to their ethnic communities.
The Old Testament prophets faced opposition from their people while the traditional African
prophets were respected leaders in their communities
The work of the Old Testament prophets was recorded and presented while in the African
Traditional prophets it was passed on through oral traditions. (3x2=6 mks)

(b)
The righteous could be sold for silver, the needy for a pair of shoes.
The rich women led luxurious lives and were unkind to the poor.
The rich women encouraged their husbands to exploit the poor.
The rich people took an excess share of the harvest from the farmers.
The rulers lived luxurious lives in good houses as the poor suffered thus God would send
them into exile.
The rulers were arrogant, trusted in material things, drunk wine when the poor had nothing to
eat.
The judges were corrupt/took bribes from the rich.
The wealthy merchants cheated the poor by using false scales/selling the refuse.
The Israelites indulged in wine drinking/forced even those not supposed to drink, to do so.
Those who spoke the truth were hated.
Prophet Amos advised the people to seek good and avoid evil.
The Israelites indulged in a sexual immorality.

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 Prophet Amos advised against robbery with violence.
He advised against the misuse of the garments taken in pledge. (8x1=8 mks)

(c)
Providing education to the public on social justice/civic education.
By respecting/following the laws of the country as laid down by the government.
By providing shelter to the needy.
It preaches on social justice.
The church prays for social justice in the country.
The church gives food/clothing to the affected.
It advises the government on the need for the practice of justice in society.
The church condemns social injustice in society. (6x1=6 mks)

5 (a)
It showed the people of Judah still had a future despite the coming crisis/Judah will regain
freedom after conquest.
It was an assurance that the people would be restored back to their homeland/reclaim their
land.
It demonstrated that the people would resume their normal lives/construct homes/cultivate
land/own property.
Divine judgment was not an end in itself.
Restoration was to take place at God’s own time/God was to determine when the people
would be restored back.(Time).
The people had to wait patiently for their return from exile.
It showed that God was loving/faithful/was to keep his promise of restoration/bring them back
to their ancestral land.
It made them feel secure/they were not to lack anything. (4x2=8 mks)

(b)
He was rejected by his own family/relatives.
People made false accusations against him.
He was threatened with death because of speaking for God.
He lived a lonely solitary life/was commanded to neither marry nor attend any social
gathering.
His message was rejected by the Israelites.
He went through spiritual struggle as he saw the evil prosper while the righteous suffered.
He was physically assaulted/beaten.
The enemies attempted to kill him/He was put in muddy cistern.

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 He was humiliated in public/mocked.
He was imprisoned/jailed.
He was arrested and put on trial. (7x1=7 mks)

(c)
They pray over the issue/problem.
They offer guidance and counseling to the affected.
Paying visits/talking to the offender/fellowship.
By involving church leaders as arbitrators.
Forgiving the one who has wronged the other/asking for forgiveness.
Willingness by the offender to accept the mistakes made/accepting liability (confession).
Withdrawing some priviledges for a period of time so that one can reform.
By sharing meals/eating together.
Through shaking of hands/accepting a greeting. (5x1=5 mks)

6 (a)
Naming children after the dead.
Invoking the names of the dead during problems/important occasions.
Burying the dead with some property.
Offering sacrifices to the dead.
Pouring of libation to the living dead/ancestors/leaving some food for the living dead.
Taking care of the graveyards.
Fulfilling the wishes/will of the dead/carrying out the demands of the dead.
Talking of the dead as having gone for a walk.
Washing the dead body/oiling/decent burial.
Holding commemoration ceremonies.
Burying the dead in a particular position/direction/ancestral land. (4x2=8 mks)

(b)
Being initiated.
Must be married.
Being of good conduct/respected in society.
Should have children.
Having the right/specified age.
Ability to provide for others/wealthy.
Should be knowledgeable in matters of the society/confidential/wise.
Having support from leaders of the society.
Be of sound mind/good health.
Be a bonafide member of the community.

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 By undergoing the rituals of being an elder. (6x1=6 mks)

(c)
Modern education/technology.
Urbanization/migration.
Intermingling of different cultures/intermarriage.
Laws are made in parliament/constitution of Kenya is applied.
Western way of life tends to promote individualism.
Wealth has taken over ‘age’ as a symbol of status.
Most judicial duties have been taken over by the courts.
Christianity has influenced the members who listen to their church leaders other than the
elders.
Permissiveness/modern decadence

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

K.C.S.E PAPER 1 2009
MARKING SCHEME

1. The teaching about human beings from the biblical creation accounts
i. Human beings are created in the image/likeliness of God
ii. They have been given authority /domination over God creation.
iii. They communicate /fellowships with God.
iv. They are special/the greatest creation of God
v. They have the ability to think /reason/make choices/decision sin their lives
vi. They are blessed by God
vii. They have give a special place to stay/Garden of Eden
viii. Human beings are to use other creation/plant for their benefits
ix. They are to take care of the creation till the land work
x. Human beings are to procreate/multiply through marriage.
xi. Man and woman era to compliment/provide companionship for each other.
xii. Human beings are Gods creation/male and female.
xiii. The woman is created out of hetmans rib
(7x1= 7 mks)
b) Effects of sin on Adam and Eve
i. They started dying yet they were to live forever
ii. They became afraid of God/they hide when He called them.
iii. They lost authority over the other creation

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 iv. Man was to rule over the woman/inequality between man and woman set in.
v. The woman was to be in pain when giving birth
vi. There developed enemity between the human beings and the serpent
vii. They became embarrassed because of their nakedness
viii. They were expelled out of the Garden of Eden /separated with God
ix. They developed mistrust between man and woman.
(4x2=8 mks)
c) How the church helps to bring back members who have fallen from the faith.
i. By visiting the/inviting them to their homes
ii. By being patient/forgiving them
iii. By evangelizing to them/preach/teaching
iv. By guiding and counseling them/referring them to experts according to their needs.
v. Praying for them
vi. By inviting them back to church
vii. By encouraging them to repent/confess
viii. By offering material needs/aids (5x1= 5 mks)

2. (a)The characteristics of a covenant between god and Abraham.

i. A covenant is made between two parties who enter into a mutual agreement. God and
Abraham were the two parties that entered into a mutual agreement.
ii. In a covenant promises are made. God made several promises of what He would for
Abraham
iii. The covenants solemnized through rituals. Abraham offered animals/birds as sacrifices to
God.
iv. A covenant has an outward sign. Abraham was to circumcise all his male
children/descendants to show that he made a covenant with God.
v. Covenant has conditions/obligations to be met. The covenant between God and Abraham
was not be broken it bound even his descendants generations later
vi. During covenant making there were witnesses. God as the sole initiator rasped through the
sacrifice as the witness to the covenant
vii. A covenant is sealed. It was abseiled through the blood of animal
• Mk for mention
• Mk for explanation
(4x 2=8 mks)
b) The similarities between the Jewish and traditional African practices of circumcision.
i. In both it promotes one into full membership of the community.
ii. It is a mk of identification of a person to a particular community
iii. It is carried out on male children
iv. In both cases circumcision has a religious significance
v. In both cases special people/religious leaders/head of the communities carry out the operation.

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 vi. In both cases it unites the members it the ancestors
vii. In both cases members receive new names
viii. In both cases the rite is carried on from generation to generation/out cost compulsory
ix. In both cases the ritual is a communal affair.
x. In both cases it involved the cutting of the foreskin
(7x1= 7 mks).
(c) Identify lessons that Christians learn about God from the call of Abraham
i. God demands faith/obedience from people.
ii. God is the provider/sustainer/giver
iii. God blesses/curses
iv. God is the protector
v. God is the controller of the world
vi. God is a spirit/everywhere
vii. God is be worshiped
viii. God guides people
ix. God speaks/makes promises/fulfills promises
x. God cares for His people.

3. (a) the functions of the temple in the Jewish community

i. It was used for worship/prayers
ii. It was the place where the law was taught to children/people
iii. Priest burnt sacrifices/offered incense in the temple to God.
iv. Purification rituals were conducted here
v. It was a home for priests. Residential for Levites
vi. Dedications/presentations of the babies were carried out in the temple
vii. It was the business centre for Jews. Commercial centre
viii. The Jewish council (Sanhedrin) held their session her/a place where cases were
heard/determined/law court
ix. All the Jewish festivals were celebrated here.
(7x1= 7 mks)

b) Ways which show that King Solomon turned away from the covenant way of life.
i. He married foreign wives/concubines.
ii. He allowed worship of foreign gods/idols/he worshiped foreign gods.
iii. He murdered his half brotheradonijah whom he thought would rival his power
iv. He taxed the Israelites heavily for his upkeep
v. He disobeyed the instructions given to him by his father David to rely on God.
vi. He disobeyed the instructions given to him by his father David to rely on god
vii. He built places of worship for the false gods

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 viii. He subjected the Israelites to force labuor/slavery during the construction of the temple/his
palace.
ix. He signed treaties with his neighbors for protection
x. He sold land to Hiram King of Tire
xi. He use more time to build his palace than the temple of God
(6x1= 6 mks)
(c) Factors that have led to the increase of Christians denominations in Kenya.
i. Rivalry for leadership/hunger for power.
ii. Differences in biblical interoperations/hunger for power
iii. Resistance to change by the older church members who want to remain as it was/generation gap.
iv. Material gain/greed selfishness where starting a church has become a business
v. Lacks of spiritual satisfaction by some members make them start their own churches
vi. Lack of good exam {le/poor role model by the leaders/corrupt leaders
Vii Desire to be free from missionary/foreign control
Viii Differences in mode of worship/ritual observance /model of worship
ix Nepotism/tribalism/clannish/racialism among Christians
x. The Kenya constitution has allowed freedom of worship
xi. Disagreements in ethical issues/policies in the church regarding how certain
matters should be handled e.g. family planning, dressing.

4. (a) similarities between prophets in the Old testament and traditional

African communities.
NB/No contrast
i. Both mediated between God and people.
ii. Both received revelation from God/they were Gods spokespeople /delivered message.
iii. Both foretold the future/predicted/warned/seers
iv. Both played religious as well as political role
v. Both spoke with authority/charismatic leaders
vi. Both acknowledged the presence of supreme being/supernatural power
vii. In both, there were prophets and prophetesses
viii. Both prophesied to condemn evil in the society
ix. In both, their prophecies were fulfilled
x. In both there were consulted on various issue sin society.
(b) The reaching of prophet Amos on the remnant and a restoration of the Israelites(Amos 9: 8-15)
i. God would restore the dynasty of David after destruction
ii. God would bring the people back to their land
iii. The people would rebuild their cities so that the remnant of Edom can occupy them
iv. The land would be reproductive/grapes will be in abundance/wine would be in plenty
v. The people would grow food and harvest it
vi. The people of Israel would peaceful/prosperous

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 vii. The Israelites would never be taken into exile again.
(5x1=5 mks)
c) The relevance of prophet Amos on election of Israel to Christians in Kenya today
i. Christians are Gods people
ii. It is God who chooses them to be Christians
iii. God chooses one to be a Christians
iv. The Christians have been chosen by God to proclaim the good news/service.
v. God protects the His people from their enemies
vi. Christians should be faithful/obedient to god
vii. They will be punished by God if they do wrong.
viii. They should always repent their sins/ask for forgiveness
ix. The priests/bishops/church leaders are chosen by God

5. (a) The promises that Israelites made when they renewed their covenant with God during the
times of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 10: 28-39)
i. They were to live according to Gods law/obey all his commandments/requirements
ii. They would not intermarry with the foreigners living in their land
iii. They promised not to farm every seventh year/they were to cancel all the debts
iv. They would make annual contribution towards temple expenses/not to neglect the house of God
v. They were to provide wood for burnt sacrifices
vi. They were to offer the first fruits of their harvest/dedicate their first born sons/flocks as required
by the law
vii. They would pay their tithes in accordance with the law
viii. They will not do any business on the Sabbath day.
(4 x2 = 8 mks)
b) The final reforms carried out by Nehemiah to restore the worship of God in
Judah.
i. Cleansing of the temple
ii. Reinstating of the Levites and other temple workers
iii. He ordered the closure of Jerusalem for proper Sabbath observance
iv. He separated the Jewish from the foreigners
v. He purified the priesthood.
vi. Throwing out the household of Tobia out of the chamber
vii. Cleansing the chamber in the temple
viii. Returning the vessels of the house of God
ix. Appointing treasures over the storehouses
x. Sopping the buying and selling of wares on the Sabbath day
xi. He ordered an end to mixed marriages/foreigners.
c) The problem that Christians leaders in their work today.
i. Opposition from political leaders/society.

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 ii. Lack of cooperation from the members of the church/lack of unity among Christians
iii. False prophets/cultic affiliation// hypocrisy/black magic/witchcraft
iv. Misinterpretation of the scriptures
v. Drug abuse among the members
vi. Lack of adequate time for pastoral care
vii. Poor infrastructure that make it impossible to reach some areas
viii. Insecurity in some parts of the country
ix. Lack of resources to enable them spread the good new/poverty
x. Lack of professional training to enable them do their work effectively.
xi. Permissiveness/moral decadence, which has become the order of the day.
xii. Negative influence from the mass media/pornography.
(7x1= 7 mks)

6. a) Rituals performed during the birth of a baby in traditional African

Communities
i. There is feasting in family/relatives
ii. Prayers of thanks giving/blessings /protection so offered
iii. Protective charms are given to the mother.
iv. Sacrifices are offered to God
v. The mother/baby are kept in seclusion
vi. There is dancing/singing for the new life
vii. The umbilical cord is cut to separate the baby from the mother
viii. The baby/mother are given gifts
ix. The mother hair is shaved
x. Ululations are made to announce the sex of the baby .
xi. The baby is washed
xii. The baby is given bitter/seat substance to take.
(6 x1 = 6 mks)
(b) Reasons why the children are important in traditional African Communities
i. They ensure the continuity of the society
ii. They inherit the parent property
iii. They take care of there parents during old age.
iv. They cement the relationship between the husband and wife/make the marriage stable
v. They are a source of labour

vi. They offer security to the society/act as warriors when they grow up
vii. They are a replacement of the dead relatives/ancestors
viii. Children are a source of wealth to the family community
ix. They run errands for the community.

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 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
K.C.S.E PAPER 1 2010
MARKING SCHEME

1. a) The historical Books of the Old Testament.

i) Joshua
ii) Judges
iii) Ruth
iv) First Samuel
v) Second Samuel
vi) First Kings
vii) Second Kings
viii) First Chronicles
ix) Second Chronicles
x) Ezra
xi) Nehemiah
xii) Esther

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 b) Reasons why the bible is referred to a library.
i) It contains many books.
ii) The books were written by different authors
iii) It has different categories of books/division
iv) The books are written in different styles/forms
v) The books in the bible were written at different times/situation/background
vi) The books in the Bible address different issues/topics/purpose
vii) The books were written for different audience/readers
viii) The books are systematically arranged /order/chronological.
ix) Ref. book 4 theology

c) Occasions when Christians use the Bible

i) When preaching the word of God (crusade/church sermons)
ii) When in court
iii) When instructing new converts/conducting Bible study
iv) During different Christian religious ceremonies/festivals
v) When teaching Christian Religious Education
vi) When composing songs/plays/Christian literature
vii) During fellowships/prayers/guidance/counselling
viii) During a swearing in ceremony

2. a) Ways in which God demonstrated His concern for the Israelites during the Exodus.
i) He made a passage from them in the Red Sea.
ii) He provided them with manna.
iii) He provided them with quails.
iv) He provided them with water from the stone/rock/asked Moses to purify the bitter water.
v) He gave the Ten Commandments
vi) He defeated their enemies the Egyptians/Amelekites/protect them against change.
vii) He provided a cloud to lead them during the day.
viii) He provided a pillar of fire to lead them in the darkness.
ix) Provided them leaders.

b) Ways in which the Israelites worshipped God when they were in the wilderness.
i) They built alters
ii) They offered sacrifices
iii) They sang songs/danced
iv) They said prayers
v) They held festivals
vi) They gave offerings/tithes

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 vii) They constructed/sacred places of worship/tabernacle/tent of meeting
viii) They observed the Sabbath day
ix) They burnt incense/burnt offerings.

c) The challenges that Christians face while practicing their faith in Kenya today.
i) The emergence of splinter groups within the church.
ii) The emergence of cults which practice ungodly activities.
iii) The emphasis of materialism by the churches.
iv) Lack of roles models among the leaders.
v) Open conflict among/between the leaders and the church members/authoritarianism.
vi) Misuse of resources by the leaders.
vii) Rise of state-church conflict e.g No/Yes situation.
viii) Confusion among Christians due to different interpretation of the Bible.
ix) Church leaders not having time for all members/discrimination.
x) Negative effects of mass media/modern technology
xi) Permissiveness/moral decadence/during abuse

3. a) The commandments that King Ahab and Queen Jezebel broke from the story of
Naboth’svineyard.
i) They broke the commandments of not to kill when they planned for the stoning of Naboth.
ii) When they worshipped idols, they broke the rule of not worshipping other gods.
iii) They broke the commandments of not coveting a neighbour’s property when they wanted
Naboth’s vineyard.
iv) The commandments of not stealing was broken when they took Naboth’s vineyard.
v) The commandments of not to cheat/bear false witness was broken when they planned
instituting for false witness against Naboth.
vi) They used the name of God in vain when they said that Naboth had blasphemed God.

b) Forms of punishment prophesied by Elijah to King Ahab and Jezebel.

i) Death of King Ahab would be in the same place/valley of Jezebel like Naboth.
ii) Evil would be upon Ahab
iii) God was to take away the prosperity of Ahab/his rule would come to an end.
iv) Dogs would lick the blood of Ahab
v) All the male children free/slaves would be cut off.
vi) The lineage of Ahab would be wiped out.
vii) The dogs would eat anybody who belongs to the family of Ahab who died in the city.
viii) The birds of the air would eat all who die in the field.
ix) The dogs will eat the body of Jezebel.

c) Reasons why killings was condemned in traditional African communities.

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 i) Life is sacred and therefore should not be destroyed by anybody.
ii) It brings hatred/revenge/ill-feeling among members of the community.
iii) It destroys continuity of the family/community
iv) It brings poverty/denies one the chance to take part in the community development.
v) It breeds suspicion/fear/anxiety.
vi) It destroys harmony/undermines good relationships in the community.
vii) It creates sadness/misery/sorrow to the relatives/community
viii) To avoid being banished/ex-communicated by the community.
ix) Avoid curses/being haunted

4. a) Characteristics of true prophets in the Old Testament

i) They were called by God.
ii) They received revelation from God through dreams/visions/direct command/familiar objects
iii) They were obedient
iv) They faced opposition/rejection from the people because of their uncompromising attitude.
v) They commanded God’s message to the people.
vi) The prophets spoke with authority/were fearless.
vii) They acknowledged one God who was universal/monotheism
viii) They understood the nature of the prophesies.
ix) They preached about God’s judgment for sin/hope for restoration.
x) Their prophesies were fulfilled.
xi) They did not prophesy for material gains
xii) They lead holy lives.

b) Ways in which the rich oppressed the poor during the times of prophet Amos.
i) The rich took people’s garment in pledge.
ii) The poor were robbed of their food/gains/belongings
iii) Merchants overcharged the poor when selling them anything.
iv) The poor were sold for a piece of silver/air of shoes as they were considered useless.
v) The goods sold to the poor were unfit for human use/consumption/expired.
vi) The poor were cheated in business deals as the rich used faulty scales/measures
vii) The poor were sold into slavery when they were unable to pay their debts to the rich.
viii) The poor were denied justice in the law courts because they could not bribe the judges.
ix) The cases taken to the courts by the poor were thrown out/not listened to.

c) Reasons why Christians find it difficult to help the needy in Kenya today.
i) There are too many needy cases.
ii) Tribal/ethnic feelings may hinder one from giving assistance to the needy.
iii) Political leaning/affiliations influence Christians against helping those who do not belong to
their camp.

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 iv) Lack of what to share/inadequacy
v) Indifferences of some Christians to the light of the needy.
vi) Denominational differences where some Christians are not ready share with those who do not
belong to their group.
vii) Poor communication/infrastructure in some parts of the country that make impossible to reach
the needy.
viii) It is difficult to identify the genuine needy cases.
ix) Misappropriation of resources meant for assisting the needy discourages Christian from
contributing.

5. a) Reasons why Jeremiah was not willing to accept the call of God to become a prophet.
i) He felt that he was too young/was inexperienced as a prophet.
ii) He did not have the message to the people.
iii) He lacked confidence/courage
iv) He did not know how to speak/not a good speaker.
v) He was afraid of confronting/talking against the kings/elders
vi) The task was too difficult overwhelming for him.
vii) He was not sure of what could be done to him by the people of the message he was to deliver
(response to the message).

b) Evils condemned by prophet Jeremiah during the temple sermon.

i) He condemned the false belief about the temple not being destroyed because it was God’s
dwelling place.
ii) He condemned the hypocrisy/presence of people who committed different sins and came to
the temple to worship Yahweh.
iii) He talked about the defiled of the temple by placing idols in it.
iv) He condemned the worship of other gods/idolatry which was a rebellion to the Sinai covenant.
v) He condemned the practice of human sacrifice which was against the commandments of God.
vi) He condemned oppression of the foreigners/widows/orphans which against the covenant way
of life.
vii) He condemned the stubbornness/rebellion of the Israelites against God’s warning
c) Ways in which church leaders communicate God’s message to the people in Kenya today.
i) Use of print/give out bibles e.g. publications conference/retreat.
ii) Holding public meetings/crusades/Rallies
iii) Through sings songs of praise
iv) Through conducting pastoral care/counseling
v) Through carrying spiritual healing/prayer
vi) Conducting door to door evangelism visits.
vii) Providing material support to the needy.
viii) Through leading exemplary lives.

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 ix) Through electronic media (6 x 1 = 6 mks)

6. a) Places in which sacrifices are carried out in traditional Africa communities.

i) Under trees/in forests
ii) In caves
iii) At river banks/seashore/lake shores
iv) Near rocks
v) On mountains/hill tops
vi) At waterfalls
vii) In shrines/temples
viii) In homes
ix) Grave sides (6 x 1 = 6 mks)

b) Reasons why sacrifices are made in traditional African communities.

i) It is an act of worship.
ii) It enables the people to maintain good relationship with God/Human beings.
iii) As a way of asking for protecting
iv) To appease ancestors/spirits/God for any wrongs done e.g( cleansing forgiveness)
v) In recognition /honour the ancestors of god’s power.
vi) It is a way of acknowledging god as the source of life.
vii) In order to seek God’s intervention in times of trouble.
viii) As a thanksgiving to ancestors/spirits/gods
ix) To invite/ancestors/spirits/God in the function/event.
x) To ask for blessings (7 x 1 = 7mks)

c) Roles of ancestors in traditional African communities.

i) They act as mediators/intercessors between the living and God.
ii) They monitor oversee what is happening in the community.
iii) They bring punishment to the wrong doers/blessings to the righteous
iv) They give instructions/directions on what should be done by members of the community.
v) They rebuke/give a warning of the coming punishment for wrong doers.
vi) They give guidance on how rituals should be conducted.
vii) They are community values/traditions.
viii) Through the ancestors, the living have a sense of belonging/identify.
ix) They welcome the dead to the spiritual world.
x) They provide a reservoir of names. (7 x 1 = 7 mks)

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 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
K.C.S.E PAPER 1 2011
MARKING SCHEME

1.
a) The benefits of learning Christian Religious education in secondary school

(i) It equips the learner with an understanding of God / spiritually growth

(ii) The learner acquires life skill to handle challenges in life
(iii) It help one to respect his/ her own / other people’s religious beliefs
(iv) It helps ones to aquire basic principles for Christian living / moral values
(v) It enables ones to understand how to relate with other people
(vi) It gives answers to questions / mysteries of life

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 (vii) It explains the origin / purpose of human beings on earth
(viii) It leads to employment / carrer

(b) The major division of the old and new testament

(i) law books.

(ii) Historical books.
(iii) Prophetic books.
(iv) poetic books
(v) the Gospels/ Biographical books
vi) Epistles / letters

(c)Ways in whichtheBible, is misusedin Kenya today.

(i) It is used to takeoaths in courts/ officesby people who may not be believers/
not saying thetruth.
(ii) It is kept in places associated withevil.
(iii) There is distortion of the Biblicalteachings / specific verses are picked to fulfil
individual demand misinterpretation
(iv)Some people use Biblelikean ordinary..textbook I reference .
(v)It is beingused in witchcraft / cults to mislead people
(vi) some people are using it to enrich themselves / it is a tool of trade
(vii) some new version translated have changed the original meaning of the Bible
(viii) The Bible is not read for spiritual growth but it is kept for display
(ix) Some people use the Bible to threaten others/ administer curses 7x1-7 mks

2. (a) How God prepared theIsraelitesfor themaking of thecovenant atMt.Sinai

(i)God toldMoses to remind thepeople of" Israelof how he had brought them out of Egypt

(ii) God toldMoses thatHe wanted to make aspecial relationship with Israel/ make
them a kingdom of priests
(iii) Moses calledalltheelders/ people andtoldthemwhatGod hadsaid.
(iv) God toldMoses thathe wanted theIsraelitesto obey him.
(v) The Israelites promised to do all that the Lord hadsaid.
(vi) God promised to come down and meet withthe people on thethird day.
(vii) The people were ins tructedto consecratedthemselves/washtheir garments
(viii) The people were to abstain from sexual relationships
(ix) On the third day , there was a thick cloud upon the mountain / loud trumpet blast /an
earthquake.

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 (x) Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God /they took their stand at
the foot of the mountain
(xi) The Lord came down to the top of the mountain / called Moses to go up to him

(b) Reasons why the Israelites broke the covenant while at mt .Sinai
(i) Moses their leader delayed to come down from the mountain .
(ii) Aaron who had been left in charge of the people was a weak leader
(iii) The people damaded for a god / gods they could see/ feel
(iv) The people were still influenced by the Egyptian way of worship /idolatry
(v)Moses teaching / influence had faded / vanished from peoples minds
(vi) The people had lost faith in their invisible God

(c) Lessons learned by Christians about the nature of God from the Exodus
(i) God is caring
(ii) He communicates
(iii) He provides
(iv) He is powerful
(v) He guides
(vi) He protects
(vii) He commands
(viii) He is to be obeyed
(ix) He punishes those who disobey him
(x) He is holy
(xi) He is faithful
(xii) He is patient
(xiii) He is merciful
(xiv) He is jealous 8 x = 8 mks
3. (a) The failures of king Saul

(i) He offered the burnt offering instead of waiting for Samuel to do it

(ii) He lacked patience to wait for Samuel who was to offer a burnt offering to God.
(iii) He disobeyed God’s command to destroy Amarekites completely by sparing the life
of king Agag.
(iv) He spared the best of the animals instead of destroying them
(v) He lost faith in God
(vi) He wanted to kill king David / was jeoulus of David
(vii) He was deceitful to the servant of God
(viii) He committed suicide 5 x 1 = 5 mks

(b) The achievement of David as king of Israel

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 (i) David conquered and defeated the enemies of Israel .
(ii) He expanded the geographical boundaries of Israel
(iii)He captured Jerusarem from the jebusites
(iv) He made Jerusalem the capital city of Israel .
(v) He made Jerusarem a religious center by bringing the ark of the covenant there.
(vi) He made peace treties with his neighbours
(vii) He composed psalms which are used during worship
(viii) He united the twelve tribes of Israel under one ruler.
(ix) He made preparations for the construction of the temple

(c) Reasons why Christians build churches

( i) Churches are used for worshiping God.
(ii) They signify God’s presence / house of God .
(iii) They are used for meetings / a place of gathering members .
(iv) Religious function take place there.
(v) They are places where members receive religious instructions/preaching .
(vi) As a sign of prestige / recognition / indentification .
(vii) To demonstrate their faith in the existence of God
(viii) To follow the tradition of the old testament teachings on the temple as a house of God
(ix) It can be used as a place of refuge in times of danger /calamity
(x) As a sign of growth

4 (a) Characteristics of the true prophets in the Old Testament

(i) They were God’s mouth piece /spokes people / mediators
(ii) They respodedto God’s call in faith / they obeyed
(iii) They were called by God
(iv) They were given specific tasks to carry out
(v) They communicated God’s messages with authority / without fear
(vi) They spoke the truth in all circumstances .
(vii) Their prophesies came true / were fulfilled.
(viii) They never work for material gain / were not paid for their work
(ix) They called people to come back to the covenant way of life
(x) They pronounshed God’s purnishment/ judjement
(xi) They were persecuted for their work
(xii) They led exemplary lives / role modes any 7 x 1 =7 mks

(b) The call of Amos to become a prophet in Israel

(i) Amos was a farmer fending sycamore trees / shepherd
(ii) He came from a village called Tekoa in Judah
(iii) He became a prophet during the reign of king Uzziah and Jeroboam 11

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 (iv) God called him through a vision
(v) He felt a strong compulsion to prophesy
(vi) He responded to God’s call in faith / obedience

(c) The five visions of prophet Amos

(i) He saw a swarm of locusts.
(ii) He saw a great fire sent by God
(iii) He saw a crocked wall being measured using a plumb line .
(iv) He saw a basket full of ripe fruits / summer fruits
(v) He saw the destruction of the alter / temple

5. (a) The stages followed during the renewal of the covenant at the time of Nehemia
(i) The people gathered in the public square in Jerusalem
(ii) The priest Ezra read the law to the people .
(iii) They performed repentance gesture of raising / lowering their hands
(iv) The people constructed makeshift tents /shelters to celebrate the feast of the booths
(v) There was a national day of confession / fasting as they wore sack clothes
(vi) Ezra led people in prayer of confession
(vii) They scaled the covenant by signing an agreement under the leadership of
Nehemiah and the priest.
(viii) The people promised not to go against the mosaic law.
(ix) The re- distribution of the people in Jerusalem and country side.
4 x 2 = 8mks

(b) Reason why Nehemiah carried out religious reforms in Judah

(i) To preserve the identity of the Jews as people of God
(ii) To separate the Jews from foreign influence.
(iii) To purify the temple which had been defiled by keeping a foreigner .
(iv) To reinstate the services of the Levites as priests of the temple
(v) To restore the tithing system that had been forgotten for the up keep of the temple.
(vi) To ensure that the Sabbath day was free from business activities.
(vii)In order to cleanse the Jews who had intermarried with foreigners / exposed to idotry

(c) Lessons from the renewal of the covenant by Nehemia

(i) Christian should ask for their sins to be forgiven.
(ii) They should lead righteous lives.
(iii) Christian should always pray to God
(iv) Christian should demonstrate humility
(v) They should avoid groups that can negatively influence their faith in God
(vi) They should teach others the word of god

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 (vii) They should set aside aday for worship
(viii) They should respect the church as a place for prayer 6 x 1 = 6 mks

6. (a) The traditional African view of a community

(i) The members of the community include the unborn/ the living / living
dead / the ancestors
(ii) The members speak common language
(iii) They are related either by blood / marriage / adoption
(iv) The community members occupy the same geographical area region
(v) They carry out similar economic activities.
(vi) The community is made up of smaller units / clans
(vii) Each community has its own disnct rules / taboos /beliefs /customs /cultural
/practices
(viii) Members of a community are expected to show concern for the well being of others
(x) The members are expected to participate in the life of the community
Any 4 x 2 = 8 mks

(b) The factors that have affected the traditional African people’s dependence on God
(i) The introduction of western culture
(ii) some people rely on witchcraft to solve their problems
(iii) Greed for power / materialism without the fear of God.
(iv) some people rely on science and technology
(v) Money economy where success depends on how much money ones earns .
(vi) Abject poverty has made people loose hope / faith in God
(vii) Negative peer pressure influences the members to rely on themselves other than God .
(viii) pressure of modern living makes people too busy to serve God.
(ix) modern education

(c) Similarities between Christian and traditional African ways of showing respect to God
(i) In both members pray to God
(ii) In both they give offering
(iii) In both members sing songs
(iv) In both members show respect to God by helping those in need
(v) In both they use God ‘s name sparingly /avoid mentioning God’s name carelessly
(vi) In both members use the God given resources / environment carefully
(vii) In both they build / maintain / honour places of worship
(viii) In both members take care of religious leaders

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 (ix) In both members obey the law / commands of God

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

K.C.S.E PAPER 1 2012
MARKING SCHEME

1. (a) The literary forms used in the writing of the Bible

(i) Poetry
(ii) Wise sayings
(iii) Prose/narratives
(iv) Letters/Epistles

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 (v) Legal/Law expressions
(vi) Songs
(vii) Prophetic/ speeches
(viii) Gospels
(ix) Philosophical essays
(x) Prayers eg Nehemiah
xi) Sermons (6x1=6 mks)
(b) Reasons why the Bible had to be compiled into its present form by early
Christians.
(i) The eye witnesses of Jesus Christ were being killed.
ii) In order to prevent information from getting lost/distorted
iii) Due to the expansion of the church/increased number of believers/who needed
material to refer to.
iiv) To counteract false teachings/ teachers who were confusing the believers.
(v) To ensure that same doctrines/beliefs, were being taught to all Christians
vi) To reach out to the Jews in Diaspora/ gentiles
vii) To preserve an orderly account of biblical themes/ distortion
(4x2= 8 mks).
(c) Ways in which Christians use the Bible in Kenya today.
(i) Christians read the Bible for spiritual growth/ meditation/ Bible study
(ii) They use it for instructing converts.
(iii) It is used as a text book when teaching Christian Religious Education in schools/colleges.
(iv) It is used as resource material in search of general knowledge.
(v) It is used to compose Christian hymns/ songs/ dramas/ plays/ films.
(vi) It is used in taking oaths/vows/swearing.
(vii) It is used as a prayer book
(viii) It is used for preaching evangelism
(ix) It is used to explain Christian ethics/ rituals/ doctrines.
x) It is used to produce Christian literatures of Christian magazines
(6 x 1 = 6 mks)

2. a) The covenant ceremony between God and Abraham.

(i) Abraham was in doubt for the promise of a son.
(ii) God assured him that his own son would inherit him and not Eliezer of Damascus.
(iii) God showed Abraham the many stars and confirmed that his decedents would be as the stars.
(iv) God asked Abraham to bring him a heifer, a goat, a ram, each three years old, a dove and a
young pigeon.
(v) Abraham cut the animals into and arranged the halves in two rows.
(vi) The birds were not cut.
(vii) He drove away the birds of prey that targeted the carcasses.

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 (viii) At sunset Abraham fell into a deep sleep.
(ix) God spoke to him giving the promise that his descendants would be slaves for four
hundred years but He would set to liberate them.
(x) Abraham was promised a long peaceful life. Good old age.
(xi) Abraham saw God pass through the carcasses in form of a smoking fire pot and a
flarming torch.
xii) Reaffirmed to give them land.
(7X1=7mks)

b) Differences between Jewish and the traditional African circumcision practices.

(i) In the Jewish community, it is for boys only while in some traditional African
communities it is for both boys and girls.
(ii) In the Jewish community, it is done on eighth day while in traditional African communities
it is done during adolescent stage.
(iii) Its purpose in the Jewish community is to identify with God’s people while in traditional
African communities it is to promote one to adult life.
(iv) Among the Jews, the practice was commanded by God while in traditional African
communities it was done in obedience to the ancestors.
(v) The rite is not seasonal among the Jews as is the case in traditional African communities.
(v) In traditional African communities it is a gate way to more responsibilities while
among the Jews one is too young for any responsibility.
(4x2= 8 mks)

c) Reasons why church leaders in Kenya take vows before starting their mission.
(i) To receive God’s blessing/guidance.
(ii) To get acknowledgement from the people being served.
(iii) It reminds the leader to stick to the church regulations/mission.
(iv) To get the authority of God to lead.
(v) It gives the leader courage to do his/her work.
(vi) It shows one’s willingness/ commitment to serve.
(vii) To emulate the Biblical way of commissioning servants of God.
(5x1=5mks)
3. (a) Ways used by King David to promote the workup of God in Israel.
(i) He brought the ark of the covenant to Jerusalem.
(ii) He made Jerusalem a holy city where Israelites from all over the land came for
important religious occasion.
(iii) He composed the Psalms which were used in worship by the Israelites.
(iv) He showed respect to the prophets of Yahweh/listened to their messages.
(v) He wanted to build a temple for God/made preparations for its construction.
(vi) When he made mistakes, he asked for Yahweh’s forgiveness/repented.

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 (vii) He sought for God’s guidance in whatever he wanted to do
viii) He entered into a covenant with God.
ix) He build alters / offered sacrifices
(6x1=6mks)

(b) Life skills used by Prophet Elijah to fight against false religion.
(i) Asseniyeness - he told Ahab that he was the cause of trouble in Israel.
(ii) Creative thinking - He requested for a contest between the prophets of Baal and himself.
(iii) Decision making -He killed the prophets/prophetess of baal.
(iv) Self esteem - He was convinced that God was on his side.
(v) Negotiation - Elijah asked the Israelites to choose between God and Baal.

(vi) Conflict resolution - Through the contest, he convinced the Israelites that Yahweh was the
true God.
(vii) Effective communication - He explained to the people how the contest was to be carried
out.
(viii) Self awareness - He knew that he was the prophet of the true God/ he had confidence in
himself.
(4x2 = 8mks)

(c) Problems faced by church leaders in carrying out their work.

(i) They receive threats from the opponents.
(ii) They lack material/ financial assistance.
(iii) There is lack of cooperation from the church members.
(iv) There is rivalry among the leaders/themselves.
(v) They may not be good role models/hypocrisy.
(vi) They may suffer from long separation from their families.
(vii) There is misinterpretation of the Biblical theology from different sources/ Science &
technology.
(viii) Greed for things/property.
(ix) They may be posted to a hostile working environment.

(x) There is political interference in their work.

(xi) They may lack adequate skills for carrying out their work.
xii) Permissiveness/ corruption/ mass media
xiii) Rejection
(6x1 = 6 mks)
4. a) Reasons why Amos was against the worship of God in Israel
(i) The Israelites had neglected God/worshipped idols.

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 ii) They practised insincere worship/had no inner faith.
iii) The worshippers were not righteous/they mistreated fellow Israelites which was against
God’s teaching.
iv) They worshipped God as well as Baal/practiced syncretism.
v) They were impatient during the worship ceremony/wanted to go back to their businesses.
vi) They gave sacrifices/ offerings as a show off/ pride/ not for love of God
vii) They had many ceremonial festivals/ feasts
(viii) They showed disrespect to the name of God through sexual immorality.
(ix) They defiled the place of worship. eg drinking & wine
x) Building high places for the gods & worshipped other gods.
(4x2=8 mks)

b) Ways in which God would punish Israel for her evils according to Prophet Amos.
i) Israel would be surrounded by an enemy nation.
ii) The Israelites would be taken to exile
iii) Amaziah, the Priest/King would die by the sword.
iv) The Holy place of worship would be destroyed.
v)The land would be occupied by a foreign nation/ cities would be destroyed.
vi)There would be hunger/thirst for the word of God.
(vii) God would cover the land with total darkness/ eclipse.
(viii) There would be earthquakes.

(c) How the church punishes errant members.

(i) The church suspends them
(ii) It denies them participation in the church activities/rituals.
(iii) They may be denied leadership positions/demoted. withdrawal of privilages
(iv) They may be publicly condemned/asked to repent/apologise.
(v) They may be warned.
(vi) Some may be transferred to difficult areas.
(vii) They may be sacked from the job
(viii) They may be excommunicated.
ix) Payment of fines
(6x1 = 6 mks)

5. a) Qualities of God from the call of prophet Jeremiah.

(i) God is the creator
(ii) God knows every person by name/all knowing.
(iii) God is a planner/chooses/appoints.
(iv) God is holy.
(v) God hates/punishes evil.

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 (vi) God is just/judges
(vii) He is caring/concerned.
(viii) God is merciful/forgiving.
(ix) God is universal.
(x) God is a protector/deliverer
(xi) He is powerful/almighty/omnipotent.
(xii) He is beyond human understanding/transcedent.
(xiii) He is everywhere/omnipresent.
(8x1=8 mks)

(b) The characteristics of the new covenant foreseen by prophet Jeremiah.

(i) The laws would be written in the hearts of men and women.
(ii) Every individuaLwould know God individually.
(iii) It would be an everlasting covenant/ would not be broken again.
(iv) There would be suffering for ones sins.
(v) God would forgive their sins/remember them no more.
(vi) It would be established after God punishes Israel/wiih the remnant.
Vii) It would establish a new Israel/ a new people of God.
(viii) It would be initiated by God.
(6x1 = 6 mks)

(c) Ways in which Christians can assist victims of disasters.

(i) By donating food clothing for them.
(ii) By providing shelter for them.
(iii) By resettling them in safe areas.
(iv) Offering guidance and counselling.
(v) Through healthcare.
(vi) By re-uniting them with their families.
(vii) By providing financial assistance
(viii) By taking preventive measures against future disaster. (6x1 = 6 mks)

(ix) Through visiting them.

x) Praying for/ with them.
xi) Preaching to them
(6x1 = 6 mks)
6. a) Ways in which people in traditional African communities communicate with God.
(i) They make sacrifices to God.
ii)They sing/dance for God.
iii) They say prayers to God.
iv) Through charting/recitation/ involving God’s name

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 v) They give offerings/food stuffs
vi) Through burning incense
(5 x 5 = 5 mks)

(b) Reasons for singing and dancing during initiation ceremonies in Traditional African
communities.
i) The songs inform the participants of the history of the community.
ii) They provide an opportunity for the members to socialise/ unity
iii) It diverts the initiates minds from the impending pain.
iv) The songs teach participants important moral values.
vi) Through singing and dancing the members exercise their bodies
vii) The songs encourage the initiates to face the challenge/ rebuke cowardice.
(viii) It exposes those with leadership qualities/ skills/talents.
(ix)They are used to mk the various stages of the initiation ceremonies/ happiness/ rejoice
(x) It is a forum of prayer for the initiative/ drive away evil spirits/ blessing for the initiates

xi) Singing and dancing is a form of entertainment/ enjoyment/happiness

(8x1=8 mks)

(c) Reasons why witchcraft is feared in traditional African community.

i) Witchcraft leads to death/destruction.
ii) It is the work of the evil spirits.
iii) It leads to poverty/ loss of property
iv) It involves cheating/telling lies
v) In some cases people are forced to leave their homes/ migrate to other places.
vi) It can lead to break up of families/ conflicts/ quarrel/division.
vii) A person can be banished/made an outcast./ excommunication
viii) Witchcraft causes suspension/hatred/mistrust amongst the people.
ix) It leads to underdevelopment.
x) It can cause physical/psychological. Injury.
xi) It can cause embarrassment to an individual/family
(7x1=7 mks)

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION

K.C.S.E PAPER 1 2013
MARKING SCHEME

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1. a) The poetic books in the Bible…,
(i) Job
(ii) Psalms
(iii) Proverbs
(iv) Ecclesiastes
(v) Song of Solomon 5X1- 5MKS

(b) Translation of the Bible from the original languages to local languages
(i) The Old Testament was originally written in Hebrew.
(ii) The New Testament was originally written in Greek.
(iii) The Old Testament was translated from Hebrew into Greek.
(iv) The entire Bible was translated into Latin by Jerome.
(v) The Bible was translated directly from Hebrew and Greek into English by
William Tyndale.
(vi) The Bible was translated into national languages of European countries during
the period of Reformation/Germany.
(vii) It was translated from English into Kiswahili by Dr. Kraph
(viii) The Bible has been translated into other local languages fey the Bible Society of
Kenya/individuals. 4x2- 8mks

(c) Ways in which Christians use the Bible to spread the Gospel today.
(i) The Bible is the main source book for Christian sermon/preaching.
(ii) It is used in the writing of Christian literature.
(iii) The Bible is used when composing songs/singing.
(iv) It is used in the production of Christian movies/videos/radio programs/plays,
(v) The Bible is used in swearing/taking oath of allegiance.
(vi) It is used to organize Bible studies/teaching Sunday/Sabbath schools/strengthens faith.
(vii) Verses from the Bible are used for imprints/posters/cloths,
(viii) The Bible is used in writing of doctrines for different denominations.
(ix) Biblical texts are used in teaching of Christian Religion Education (C.R.E)
(x) It is used to offer guidance and counseling. 7x1= 7mks

2. (a) The incident When Abraham was willing to sacrifice his son Isaac.
(i) God told Abrahatn to take his only son to the land of Moriah/to offer his as
a sacrifice.
(ii) Abraham took his son, two servants and wood for burnt offering.
(iii) They arrived at the place after three day's journey.
(iv) Abraham commanded his servants to remain behind as he and Isaac went up
to worship.
(v) He tOok Isaac, the firewood and the knife and went up.

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 (vi) Isaac asked his father where the lamb for the offering would come from.
(vii) Abraham told Isaac that God would provide the lamb for a burnt offering.
(viii) When they arrived at the place God had commanded, Abraham built
an altar/arranged for laid wood.
(ix) He bound Isaac/laid him on the altar upon the wood.
(x) Abraham took the knife to slay his son but the angel of Lord stopped him.
(xi) Abraham saw a ram, which he offered instead of his son.
(xii) He called the name of the place, The Lord will provide.
(xiii) The angel appeared to Abraham a second time and gave him promises because
of his obedience.
(xiv) Abraham returned with his men to Beersheba. 6xl=6mks

(b) Differentiate between Jewish and traditional African practices of circumcision.

(i) In Jewish Community, circumcision is for male children only whereas in
African practice, it is for both male and female.
(ii) among the Jews, circumcision is performed on babies of 8 days old whereas
i traditional African communities, it is done during adolescence stage.
(iii) In African communities, it is a test of courage, whereas in Jewish community, it is
a sign of covenant with God/sign of faith.
(iv) Circumcision in African communities is a communal practice whereas among
the Jews, only members of the immediate family participate.
(v) In traditional African communities, initiates take up responsibilities while among
the Jews, the initiates take up responsibilities while among the Jews, the initiates are
too young to shoulder any responsibilities.
(vi) In African communities, circumcision is carried out during specific seasons
While among the Jews, it is continuous.
(vii) Jews link initiates to God while African society link with ancestors. 4x2=8mks

(c) Ways in which Christians identify themselves in the society today.

(i) Christians wear specific designs of clothes.
(ii) They abstain from eating some kinds of food/taking some drinks.
(iii) By carrying/ wearing the rosary/cross/the flag/badges/rings.
(iv) They have special ways of greetings/salutations.
(v) Through making personal testimonies/pronouncements.
(vi) By owning specific Bible version/literature.
(vii) Through speaking in tongues/performing miracles/faith healing.
:
(viii) Use of specific church designs. .
(ix) Use of different titles/names.
(x) Through ways in which they worship/prayers/doctrines/sacraments.
(xi) By residing in secluded homes/houses.

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 (xii) Observing specific days of worship/holidays.
(xiii) Preaching the Good News.
(xiv) Songs/hymns. 6xl=6mks

3. (a) Ways in which prophet Samuel promoted the worship of Yahweh in Israel.
(i) He upheld the Covenant way of life/was exeptionary (condemned idolatry)
(ii) He prayed/interceded for the people.
(iii) He meditated between God and the Israelites.
(iv) He performed priestly duties/made sacrifices.
(v) He condemned King Saul for disobeying God.
(vi) He warned the elders of Israel against demanding for a political King/dangers of
(vii) He anointed kings over Israel.
(viii) He obeyed God's commands/instructions.
(ix) He always consulted God.
(x) He built alters for God I sam7 17:5 4X2= 8MKS

(b) Effects of idolatry in Israel during the time of Prophet Elijah.

(i) God raised prophets to bring Israel back to the covenant way of life.
(ii) There was persecution/hostility/towards Yahweh's people/prophets.
(iii) Baal prophets/prophetesses were brought to Israel.
(iv) There was corruption/social oppression of the poor/people rejected the covenant
Way of life,
(v) Israelites practiced syncretism mixed the worship of Yahweh with Baal.

(vi) There was drought in Israel for three and 1/2years as a divine curse on the nation.
(vii) Israel lost its identity as a nation of God's people.
(viii) A contest was held at Mount Carmel to prove who the true God was.
(ix) Elijah fled the country/was sustained by God's power during the period of the drought.
(x) God's punishment for Baal worshippers/they would die by a sword.
6x1- 6mks

(c) Lessons Christians learn about social justice from the story of Naboth's vineyard.
(i) Christians should not use their position in leadership to acquire wealth irregularly/falsely.
(ii) Christians should protect the poor against corrupt leaders,
(iii) They should safeguard property received through inheritance/according to the law.
(iv) They should not be misled by their friends/relatives to go against the law.
(v) Christians should execute justice/protect rights/freedom of citizens/not kill.
(vi) They should condemn all forms of injustices in the society.
(vii) Christians should champion/fight for the rights of the weak in the society.
(viii) There is punishment for those who exploit the poor/others.

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 (ix) Christians should be remissive /repentant (l Kings 27:28, 27:27-28)
(x) Christians should expose/report corrupt leaders.
6xl=6mks
4. (a) Characteristics of false prophets in the Old Testament
(i) False prophets did not have a divine call/raised themselves.
(ii) They spoke falsehoods/lies.
(iii) They prophesied out of their own mind/imaginations.
(iv) They prophesied what the people wanted to hear/according to circumstances.
(v) They misled people from the covenant way of life/promoted idolatry.
(vi) They hindered the work of true prophets.
(vii) They worked for material gain/paid for their services.
(viii) Their prophesies were not fulfilled.
6xl-6mks

!
(b) The teaching of Prophet Amos on Israel's election.
(i) Israel's election was out of God's own initiative/favour for them/God's chosen people.
(ii) God delivered the Israelites out of bondage in Egypt.
(iii) He led them during the Exodus.
(iv) He protected them in the wilderness.
(V) He defeated all their enemies.
(vi) God gave them special land to inherit.
(vii) God raised prophets among the them to lead them in their religious life.
(Viii) God was to punish the Israelites because of their disobedience. 6xl=6mks

(c) Factors that hinder Christians from practicing their faith in God.
(i) Lack of role models/mentorship.
(ii) Job commitment.
(iii) Social injustices.
(iv) Peer pressure.
(v) False teachings/different interpretation of the Bible/devil worship.
(vi) Greed for power/wealth.
(vii) Permissiveness in society/moral decayance/corruption.
(viii) Science and technology
(ix) Poverty/unemployment.
(x) Sickness/ill health.
(xi) Influence from mass media.
(xii) Cultural influence/ethnicity/racism/tribalism.
(xiii) Gender bias.
(xiv) Generation gap.
(xv) Insecurity.

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 (xvi) Natural calamities/disaster. 8xl=8mks

5. (a) The measure taken by Nehemiah to restore the Jewish Community after the
completion of the wall of Jerusalem (Nehemiah 8:13)
(i) Nehemiah organized for the Mosaic Law to be read/interpreted to the people.
(ii) He led the Jews in the renewal/celebration of the Feast of Booths/shelters.
(iii) The people fasted/held a national day of confession of their sins.
(iv) The covenant was sealed through signing of the agreement by Nehemiah/leaders
(v) He led the people in taking of an oath of obedience to the Mosaic law/
contribution towards the maintenance of the temple. .
(vi) Nehemiah re-distributed the inhabitants of Jerusalem/the countryside.
(vii) He dedicated the walls/the gates of Jerusalem in a ceremonial procession.
(viii) Through the reading of the law, the Jews isolated themselves from the foreigners.
(ix) Nehemiah cleansed the/brought back the Levites/singers to their positions.
(x) He stopped traders from carrying out commercial activities at the temple gates on the
Sabbath day/Sabbath.
(xi) Nehemiah made the Jews take an oath not to marry children to foreigners.
7xl=7mks
(b) Why Nehemiah introduced the Policy of separation of Jews from foreigners.
(i) Nehemiah wanted to keep the Jewish community pure.
(ii) The Jews were a minority group which needed to preserve their identity/culture.
(iii) Nehemiah wanted to separate/unite the Jews who returned from exile.
(iv) To solve conflicts over land ownership.
(v) Intermarriage would lead the Jews into idolatry,
(vi) The Law of Moses was against association with foreigners.
(vii) Children born out of intermarriage could not speak the Hebrew language.
(viii) Religious reforms could not be effectively carried out.
4x2=8mks
(c) Ways in which the government of Kenya supports church leaders in their work.
(i) The government gives financial/material assistance for development.
(ii) The government supports church-sponsored institutions.
(iii) By setting land aside for construction of church facilities.
(iv) The government allows hosting church workshops/seminars/conferences.
(v) By including CRE in the curriculum.
(vi) By employing some of them as Chaplains in educations institutions and in the
armed forces/collection of facilities.
(vii) Organizing national prayer days.
(viii) Supporting leaders in conducting their charitable services.
(ix) Through the development of the infrastructure.

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 (x) The government has granted permission to the church to operate electronic/media
station.
(xi) The government recognizes the church calendar/church days.
5xl-5mks
6. (a) Causes of death in traditional African communities.
(i) Curses
(ii) Witchcraft/bad omen.
(iii) Sorcery/magic
(iv) Breaking of taboos
(v) Evil spirits.
(vi) Breaking of an oath (social secrecy)
(vii) Offending the ancestors/spirits/God
(viii) Natural calamity/disease .
(ix) Wars and raids.
(x) Old age/God's will
6xl=6mks

(b) Significance of ritual performed after the death of a person in traditional African
Communities.
(i) Wailing/crying is a sign of sorrow/announcing death.
(ii) Making sacrifices to appease the ancestors/deceased/spirits.
(iii) Prayers are made to ask the ancestors to accept the dead in the world of spirits.
(iv) Shaving the members of the bereaved family signify new life in the community.
(v) Singing and dancing depict anger towards death/in praise of the dead.
(vi) Washing/oiling of the body before burial shows respect td the departed.
(vii) Burying of the dead in the ancestral land shows that one is still a member of
the community.
(viii) Burying the dead with personal belongings symbolizes life after death.
(ix) Driving Of cattle/livestock shows chasing away of evil spirits which caused death.
(x) Fasting/drinking is meant to bid farewell to the dead.
(xi) Breaking of pots/destruction of property symbolizes the disorder brought by death.
(xii) Sharing of deceased's property among relatives as a sign of solidarity.
(xiii) Lighting of fire chasing away evil spirits/warning spirits of the deceased.
(xiv) Pouring of libation shows continuity of life.
(xv) Burying the dead in a particular position signifies protection/responsibility.

(c) Moral values promoted during funeral ceremonies in traditional African communities.
(i) Cooperation/unity
(ii) Responsibility
(iii) Respect :

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(iv) Obedience
(v) Loyalty
(vi) honesty
(vii) Courage
(viii) Love
(ix) Faith/trust
(x) Hope
(xi) Thankfulness
(xii) Self control
(xiii) Generosity
7xl=7mks

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 CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
K.C.S.E PAPER 1 2014
MARKING SCHEME

1. a) Why the Bible is considered as the word of God

i. The people/authors who wrote the Bible were under the influence of the Holy Spirit / inspired
ii. Through it, God's character /attributes/ nature is revealed / speak about God
iii. God speaks/communicates to human beings through the Bible/it contains God's spoken words
iv. It shows the will / desire of God for human beings
v. Through the Bible God guides people in their daily lives
vi. It transforms lives of people / source of moral values
vii. Part of the Bible was directly written by God Himself i.e the Ten Commandments
viii. Prophecies/ promises made in the Bible have been / are being fulfilled
ix. It reveals the actions done by God
x. It outlines God's plan salvation fulfilled through Jesus Christ
xi. It remains relevant for all generations/ never changes
(7x1=7 mks)

b) Effects of translating the Bible into African local languages (open unrestricted)
i. Bible translation has led to the development African languages
ii. It has led to the spread of the word of God to many people /places/ expansion/ evangelization
construction
iii. Through the translations people are able to apply Bible teachings in their lives.
iv. It has contributed to improved literacy levels among the Africans/ development of formal
education
v. It has led to emergence of African independent Churches / schools/African leadership
vi. It has contributed to the numerical growth of the Church/ expansion of the church membership/
faith
vii. It gives people an opportunity to analyse the Bible in relation to their cultures
viii. The translation of the Bible has made Africans to incorporate their cultural practices into
Christian worship /Africanization
ix. It has enhanced the development of printing press/ bookshop
x. It has made people to carry out research In African beliefs/practices
xi. It has led to ecumenical cooperation among Christian in Africa/ Bible society
xii. It has led to creation of jobs
xiii. It has led to religious schism
(7x1=7 mks)
c) Six versions of the Bible used in Kenya today. Closed (restricted)

i. Revised Standard version (RSV)

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 ii. Good nes Bible
iii. Common Bible
iv. New international version
v. King James version/New King James version
vi. The African Bible
vii. Jerusalem Bible/New Jerusalem Bible
viii. The Living bible
ix. The Gideons International version
x. The New English Bible
xi. The Holy Bible
xii. Jerome Bible
xiii. The Youths Bible
xiv. The Amplified Bible
xv. New American Bible/American Standard version
(6x1=6 mks)

2. a) The call of Moses (EXODUS 3:1-22)

i) Moses was looking after his father-in-law’s sheep at Mr. Horeb/Sinai (v1)
ii) An angel of the Lord appeared to him in a burning bush which was not getting consumed (v2)
iii) Moses turned to see the bush God called his name out of the bush (V3)
iv) Moses responded to God by saying, “Here I am” (v4)
v) God commended Moses not to move near to remove his shoes because the place was holy (v5)
vi) God revealed himself to Moses as the God of his ancestors (v6/ Abraham)
vii) Moses hid his face was afraid to look at God (v6)
viii) God told Moses that he had seen the suffering of his people in Egypt has come to deliver
them/ wanted to sent Moses to Pharaoh to release his people (v7-10)
ix) Moses was reluctant to be sent to Pharaoh /God promised to be with him/gave him a
sign (v11-12)
x) Moses sought to know the name of God who was sending him/God revealed his name
as “I am who I am” (v13-14)
xi) God told Moses to go and gather the elders of Israel /tell them God’s message about their
deliverance (v16-17)
xii) Moses was told to go with the elders to Pharaoh to ask for their release form Egypt (v18)
(8x1=8 mks)

b) Plagues that God used to demonstrate his power in Egypt

i) The waters of Egypt turned into blood
ii) The land of Egypt was covered with frogs

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 iii) The dust of Egypt became gnats/(not sting flies)
iv) Swarms of flies covered the land
v) There was death of all Egyptian livestock/cow/animals/death 1st born animals
vi) There was an outbreak of boils on human beings/animals
vii) The plague of severe hailstorm
viii) There were swarm of locusts
ix) Darkness covered the land of Egypt for three days
x) Death of the first born males of the Egyptians
(7x1= 7mks)

c) Reasons why Christians are commanded not to steal (closed 5 reasons)

i) Christians should trust in God to provide for their needs
ii) So as to show respect for other people’s property
iii) Christians should work to acquire their needs/laziness is discouraged
iv) Christians should love others /should not make others suffer
v) They should uphold their dignity/self worth/guilty/ashamed
vi) In order to promote peace/harmony among people /stealing causes conflict in society
vii) In order to practice self control righteousness/upright
viii) Christians are expected to be contented with what they have /stealing is an act of greed
(5x1= 5 mks)
3. a) The achievements of Solomon as the King of Israel
i) Solomon built a magnificent temple for God /brought the ark of the covenant to the temple
ii) He promoted trade with neighbouring countries/had a navy of merchant ships
iii) He initiated a building programme/built the city of Megiddo/royal palaces/fortified the city of
Jerusalem.
iv) He reorganized the country into districts for effective administration
v) He established good diplomatic relationships with other nations through inter marriages/treaties
vi) He settled disputes among people wisely
vii) He composed proverbs/songs
viii) He initiated industrial activities within the kingdom/exploited copper mines at Edom
ix) He established a strong army for defence
x) He brought the ark of the covenant to the temple (not Jerusalem)
xi) He fortified major cities to ensure security
(7x1= 7 mks)
b) The importance of the temple in Jerusalem to the Israelites
i) The temple was a place of worship/prayers/sacrifices/offerings/first fruit/tithing
ii) It was where major festivals were held/Passover/Pentecost
iii) It was used as a treasury/impotant objects kept there foreign currency exchanged
iv) It was a source of unity among the people /gave a sense of security
v) It symbolized the presence of God among the people/the ark of the covenant was kept there

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 vi) It was where the people were taught the law/education
vii) It was used as residence /training centre for religious leaders/school
viii) It was a place where disputes were settled/law court
ix) It was a place where religious ceremonies /rites were performed
x) It was a place of pilgrimage for the Jews.
(7x1= 7 mks)
c) Lessons that modern political leaders in Kenya can learn from King Solomon
i) Political leaders should ask for wisdom from God to enable them to rule
ii) They should trust in God/have faith in God/obey God
iii) They should promote the worship of God/support Christian projects
iv) They should rule with justice/fairness/should not oppress their subjects
v) They should have good diplomatic/trading relations with other countries
vi) They should make good use of the nation’s resources/not be extravagant/economic debt
vii) They should protect their nation’s territory /land
(6x1=6 mks)

4. a) Categories of true prophets in the Old Testament

i) Major Prophets – their messages/books are elaborate/detailed

ii) Minor Prophets – they have short /brief messages
iii) Canonical prophets- they are prophets whose utterances are recorded in books that bear their
names
iv) Non-Canonical prophets- they are prophets whose oracles/messages have been compiled by other
authors
v) Cultic- they are prophets whose duties were associated with places of worship
vi) Early prophets- were sent by God for specific tasks
(3x2= 6 mks)

b) Similarities between the traditional African and true prophets in the Old Testament

i) Both predicted future events/disasters/which came to pass

ii) Both acted as mediators between God and the people
iii) Both had supernatural powers to exercise their duties/charismatic/spoke with authority
iv) Both had a personal relationship with God/received revelations through visions/dreams/chosen
v) they were religious leaders who could offer sacrifices/prayers
vi) Both played an advisory role to the political leaders/acted as the conscience of the leader/solved
dispute
vii) Both urged their people to be normally upright/condemned evil in society
viii) They led exemplary lives/were role models
ix) In both cases there were prophets and prophetesses (6x1= 6 mks)

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c) Challenges which Church leaders in Kenya face in their work
i) Church leaders are rejected/persecuted
ii) They have rivalry among themselves/inferiority/superiority complex
iii) They experience discrimination based on nepotism/tribalism/gender/status
iv) There is hypocrisy among Church members/religious syncretism
v) Inadequate finances/materials for their work
vi) They encounter language barrier while spreading the word of God
vii) They encounter interpretation of the Bible/denomination differences
viii) There is political interference in their work/sex
ix) Poor infrastructure makes it difficult for them to access some areas
x) Insecurity/hostility/terrorism /non-believers
xi) Family commitment /work /over depended
xii) Negative influence of science and technology/mass media
(8x1= 8 mks)
5. a) The political background to Nehemiah

i. The kingdom of Judah had been taken over by Babylon

ii. The Babylonians had destroyed the walls of the city /the temple /Jerusalem
iii. The King/royal court officials/able people were deported /exiled to Babylon
iv. Persia conquered Babylon /Jews came under the control of Persians
v. The Persian Kings ruled the subjects through governors
vi. The conquered people were to pay tribute/taxes to Persia
vii. The Persian king/Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Judah in three stages
viii. Nehemiah led the third group of Jews back to Judah
ix. The Jews in exile returned to Judah in 3 stages
(5x1=5mks)

b) Occasions when Nehemiah prayed

i. Nehemia prayed when he got a bad report from the Jews that Jerusalem was in ruins
ii. When he was about to ask for permission from King Artaxerxes I to go to Judah and rebuild the
wall of Jerusalem
iii. When Sanballat ridiculed the rebuilding of the wall
iv. When Sanballat/Tobiah/Amonites threatened to fight the people of Jerusalem/stop /attack
v. He prayed for God’s favour after having fortified his position of food as governor for twelve
years
vi. when he had purified the rooms in the house of God
vii. After warning the people against ignoring the Sabbath law
viii. After he had stopped the Israelites from intermarrying with the foreigners
ix. When he was false fully accused of treason/planning rebellion (7x1=7mks)

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c) Importance of prayer in the life of a Christian

i. Prayer is a way of communicating with God/fellowship with God

ii. Through prayer Christian faith in God is strengthened
iii. Christians have opportunity to confess/seek for forgiveness through payer
iv. Through prayer Christians thank God for blessings received
v. Christians ask/petition god for their need through prayers/protection
vi. They use prayer to intercede/show concern for others/prayer for the sick
vii. Prayers are made in obedience to the teachings of Jesus /the Bible/commanded by God
viii. It is a way of emulating the example set by Jesus/the early Church
ix. Christians praise/adore God through prayer/worship
x. Prayer promote unity among believers
xi. To seek God’s will/guidance
(8x1=8mks)

6. a) how aged in traditional African community prepare their family members before they die

i. Inviting the family members/share common meal

ii. Identify the leader of the family
iii. Disclosing to the members all the property owned/secrets
iv. Sharing/distributing the property among family members
v. Giving advice to family members
vi. Blessing the family members
vii. Reconciling family members/resolving conflicts/cleansing
viii. Identifying the debtors/creditors
ix. Identifying the burial site/giving instructions regarding the funeral
(7x1= 7 mks)

b) Traditional African understanding of spirits

i. Spirits are invisible/ do not have a physical form

ii. Spirits are more powerful than human beings
iii. They are believed to be residing in caves/rivers/trees/rocks
iv. Spirits can acquire physical form/appear to human beings in form of birds/animals
v. Spirits have the ability to enter human beings/and through them to convey messages/reveal certain
truths/dreams
vi. Spirits act as mediators between God and human beings
vii. Spirits change according to the circumstances /they can bring either harm/good to people
(5x1 = 5 mks)

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c) The responsibility of the living towards ancestors in traditional African community
i. Naming children after them
ii. Pouring libation for them
iii. Taking care of their graveyards
iv. Making sacrifices/offering to honour them
v. Consulting/communicating to them in times of need
vi. Inviting /involving them in ceremonies
vii. Invoking their names during prayers/chanting their names during prayers
viii. Transmitting their wishes/visions
ix. By holding commemoration ceremonies for them
x. Managing their property wisely/safeguard properties
xi. Building shrines for them
xii. Teaching children about them
(8x1=8mks)

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