Worked solutions

1 From patterns to generalizations: sequences

and series
Skills check
1 a x = −3 b a=2 c x =2 Exercise 1C
4
5 53 15
∑ ( −1) ( n + 1) =−2 + 3 − 4 + 5 =2
n
2 a b c − 1 a
12 48 32 n =1

3 a 128 b 9 c −81 6
b ∑4n − 3 = 5 + 9 + 13 + 17 + 21 = 65
n =2

Exercise 1A 3

1 a −20, −23, −26 b 49,64,81

c ∑n ( n + 1) = 2 + 6 + 12 = 20
n =1

c 30,36, 42
( −1)
n +1
5
−1 1 5
d
125 125 125
, , or 62.5, 31.25, 15.625
d ∑
n =3 n−2
=1 + + =
2 3 6
2 4 8
∞ 5
n 100
1
∑ ( −1)
n

e
5 6 7
, , f
5
,
6
,
7 2 a ∑4 n
b ∑ n +1 c
n
6 7 8 243 729 2187 n =1 n =3 n =1
8 ∞
2 a u=
n 10 × 5n −1 , geometric d ∑−2
n=1
e ∑n
n =2
2
+1

b un =−6n + 47 , arithmetic 11 10

∑ ( n + 1)
2

1
f ∑n m 2 n −1
or mn
( −1)
n +1
c un = , geometric n =7 n =6
3n
d =
un un −1 + un −2 , neither Exercise 1D
2n − 1 1 un = u1 + ( n − 1) d
e un = , neither
2n
u9 =5 + ( 9 − 1) ( 8 )
f un =−4 × 3n , geometric
u9= 5 + ( 8 ) ( 8 )
3 a 100n, arithmetic
100,200,300, … , un =
n −1 u9= 5 + 64
1 1 1
b 6, , , … , un =
6  , geometric
3 6 2 u9 = 69

c 70, 77, 84.7,…, un = 70 (1.1)

n −1
, 2 un = u1 + ( n − 1) d
geometric u11 = 40 + (11 − 1) ( −8 )

Exercise 1B u11 =40 + (10 ) ( −8 )

1 a 1, -4, 16, -64, 256 u=
11 40 − 80
2 2 u11 = −40
b 3, − ,3, − ,3
3 3
c -1, 2, 8, 128, 32768 3 un = u1 + ( n − 1) d

d m, 3m + 5, 9m + 20, 27m + 65, u7= 5.05 + (7 − 1) ( 0.32 )

81m + 200
2 a un =
un −1 − 2,u1 =
−2 u7 5.05 + ( 6 ) ( 0.32 )
=

b un 4=
= un −1,u1 1 u7 50.5 + 1.92
=

un −1 u7 = 6.97
c un
= = ,u1 52
10
d un = un −1 + 5,u1 = 14
e un =
un −2 × un −1,u1 =
2,u2 =
3

f ( n + 1) (un−1 ) ,u1 =
un = 1

© Oxford University Press 2019 Worked solutions 1

 Worked solutions

4 un = u1 + ( n − 1) d 3 un = u1 + ( n − 1) d

1 1 2 = 11 + ( n − 1) ( −3)
u6 = + ( 6 − 1)  
2 3
−9 =−3n + 3
1 1
u6= + (5 )   −12 =−3n
2 3
n=4
1 5 4 un = u1 + ( n − 1) d
u6= +
2 3
u3 → u1
13
u6 =
6 u6 → u4

5 un = u1 + ( n − 1) d u14 → u12

u9 = x + 2 + ( 9 − 1) (3) u4 = u1 + ( 4 − 1) d

u9 = x + 2 + ( 8 ) (3) 184= 4 + (3) d

u9 = x + 2 + 24 180 = 3d
d = 60
u9= x + 26
u12 =4 + (12 − 1) ( 60 )
6 un = u1 + ( n − 1) d
u12= 4 + (11) ( 60 )
u12 =3a + (12 − 1) (3a)
u12= 4 + 660
u=
12 3a + (11) (3a)
u12 = −664
u=
12 3a + 33a
5 −36 =6 + ( n − 1) ( −7 )
u12 = 36a
−42 =−7n + 7
−49 =−7n
Exercise 1E
n=7
1 un = u1 + ( n − 1) d
It is the 7th term.
65 = u1 + (21 − 1) ( −2 ) 6 u12 = 30 + (12 − 1) (2 )

u1 + (20 ) ( −2 )
65 = u=
12 30 + (11) (2 )
65
= u1 − 40 u=
12 30 + 22
u1 = 105 u12 = 52 seats
2 un = u1 + ( n − 1) d 7 Let u1 2010
= = and d 4 .

u5 → u1 = 2010 + ( n − 1) 4
2050
u15 → u11 40
= 4n − 4
u19 → u15 44 = 4n
n = 11
u11 =u1 + (11 − 1) d
Since they are held in 2050 (since n is a
−3.7 + (10 ) d
−52.3 = natural number), the next time they will
be held is 2054.
−48.6 =
10d
8 82 = 40 + ( n − 1) ( 6 )
d = −4.86
42
= 6n − 6
u15 = u1 + (15 − 1) ( −4.86 )
48 = 6n
−3.7 + (14 ) ( −4.86 )
u15 = n=8
−3.7 + (14 ) ( −4.86 )
u15 = In 7 weeks

u15 = −71.74

© Oxford University Press 2019 2

 Worked solutions

Exercise 1F Exercise 1G
1 a u6 = 9 (3)
6 −1
1 u5 → u1 u10 → u6 u15 → u11

303.75 = 40r 6 −1
u6 = 9 (3)
5

r 5 = 7.59375
u6 = 2187
r = 1.5
b Not geometric
u=
11 40 × 1.511−1
u7 = 6 ( 0.75)
7 −1
c
u=
11 40 × 1.510
u7 = 6 ( 0.75)
6
=u11 2306.60156 …
=u7 1.0678 … u11 ≈ 2306
u7 ≈ 1.068 2 u6 → u1 u20 → u15
u8 =−4 ( −1.5)
8 −1
d  4
11−1

u15 =
−1280  − 
 5
u8 =−4 ( −1.5)
7

10
 4
u8 = 68.34375 =u15 11280  − 
 5
u8 ≈ 68.3
 1048576 
13 −1 u15 = 1280  
1  9755625 
e u13 = 500  
5 268 435 456
12
u15 =
1 1951125
u13 = 500  
5 3 un = u1r n −1
500 4 1 = 16r 3 −1
=u13 =
244140625 1953125
1
f Not geometric r2 =
16
u12 = 3 ( m )
12 −1
g 1
r = ±
4
u12 = 3 ( m )
11

u2
u12 = 3m11 r =
u1
2 1,2, 4… u30 = ? 1 x +2
=
u30 = 1 (2 )
30 −1 4 16
4= x + 2
u30 = 229
x =2
u30 = 536 870 912 cents or $5 368 709.12 −1 x + 2
or =
3 Use an r value that is a factor of 64. For 4 16
example, r = 2 : −4 = x + 2
u6 64 x = −6
u
=5 = = 32
r 2
4 1536 = 6 (2 )
n−1

u5 32
u
= = = 16
4
r 2 256 = 2n−1
u4 16 28 = 2n−1
u
=3 = = 8
r 2 n −1 =8
u3 8 n=9
u=
2 = = 4
r 2 5 32 = 2 ( r )
5 −1

u2 4
u=
1 = = 2 16 = r 4
r 2
∴ One possible sequence is 2, 4,8,16,32,… 24 = r 4
r =2

© Oxford University Press 2019 3

 Worked solutions

6 u10 = 232 (1.03)

10 −1 4 Geometric because a rate implies you are
multiplying.
u10 = 232 (1.03)
9
324 = 6 ( r )
21−1

=u10 302.70737 … 54 = r 20
u10 = 303 students r = 20
54
u30 = 1 (2 )
30 −1
7 a =r 1.220730 …
r ≈ 122%
u30 = 229

u30 = 536 870 912 grains

Exercise 1I
512 = 1 (2 )
n−1
b 8 1 1
1 a d un − un −1 =
= − =
15 5 3
29 = 2n−1
7  1  1 
n −1 =9 S7
= 2   + (7 − 1)   
2  5  3 
n = 10 th square
7 2  1 
8 128 = 8 ( r )  + (6 )  
5 −1
S7
=
2 5  3 
16 = r 4
7 2 
S7
=  + 2
r =2 2 5 
8, 16, 32, 64, 128
7  2 10 
S7
= +
2  5 5 
Exercise 1H
7 12 
1 Geometric because you are multiplying S7 =
1 2  5 
each previous height by .
2 42
S7 =
1
10 −1 5
u10 = 1  
2 1 3
u1 =( −3) =
1
b −
10 −1 2 2
1
u10 = 1   1 1 9
( −3) = 2 (9) = 2
2
2 u2 =
2
9
1 3
u10 =   −
2 un 3 2 1
r = = 2 =− × =−
1 un −1 9 2 9 3
u10 = meters 2
512
2 Arithmetic because you are adding more   −1  
8

1 −   
money to your account every month. 3  3  
S8 = − 
2 −1 
6500= 2000 + (36 − 1) ( x + 5)  1− 
 3 
 
4500
= (35) ( x + 5)
 1 
1−
128.75
= ( x + 5) 3
S8 = −  6561 

2 1 
x = $123.57  1 + 
 3 
3 Arithmetic because you are adding from
year to year.  6560 
3  6561 
= 1962 + ( n − 1) (12 )
2017 S8 = −  
2 4 
 
55 12n − 12
=  3 

67 = 12n 3  6560 3 
S8 =
−  × 
2  6561 4 
n = 5.583
Finland did not gain independence in the 3  4920  7380 820
S8 =
−  =− =
−
year of the tiger. 2  6561  6561 729

© Oxford University Press 2019 4

 Worked solutions

un 0.05 5
c=r = = 0.5
un −1 0.1 un 8 1
g =
r = =
un −1 5 2
 1 − ( 0.5)8  4
S8 = 0.1  
 1 − 0.5  un = u1r n −1
 
n−1
S8 = 0.19921875 5 5 1
=  
S8 ≈ 0.199 256 4  2 
n−1
d d = un − un −1 = 12 − 6 = 6 1 1
= 
64  2 
288 =6 + ( n − 1) ( 6 )
6 n−1
1 1
= 6 ( n − 1)
282   = 
2 2
47= n − 1 6= n − 1
n = 48
n=7
48
2 ( 6 ) + ( 48 − 1) ( 6 )   1 
7
S48
=
2  1 −   
5 2 
S7 = 
S48 24 12 + ( 47 ) ( 6 ) 
= 4 1 
 1− 
 2 
S48 = 24 294  
 1 
S48 = 7056 1−
5 128 
S7 =  
e u1 = 4 , u2 = 8, d = 8 − 4 = 4 4 1 

 2 
As 1000 is a multiple of 4, the largest
multiple of 4 less than 999 would be  127 
996. 5  128 
S7 =  
996 = 4 + ( n − 1) ( 4 ) 4 1 
 
 2 
= 4 ( n − 1)
992 5  127 
S7 =  
248= n − 1 4  64 
n = 249 635
S7 =
249 256
S
= 2 ( 4 ) + (249 − 1) ( 4 ) 
2 
249
2 d = un − un −1 = 26 − 22 = 4
249 30
S249
= 8 + 992 2 (22 ) + (30 − 1) ( 4 ) 
2  S30
=
2 
S249 = 124500
S30 15 44 + (29 ) ( 4 ) 
=
( −1) (2) =
0 1
f u1 = 2
S30 15 44 + 116 
=
( −1) (2) =
1 2
u1 = −4 S30 = 15 160
un −4 S30 = 2400 seats
r = = = −2
un −1 2
3 The series is 1 + 2 + 4 + …
 1 − ( −2 )6 
S6 = −2    1 − 26 
 1 − −2  S6 = 1  
   1−2 
 1 − 64   1 − 64 
S6 = −2   S6 =  
 3   1−2 
S6 =−2 ( −21)  −63 
S6 =  
 −1 
S6 = 42
S6 = 63 family members

© Oxford University Press 2019 5

 Worked solutions

4 The series is 1 + 2 + 3 + … 1
d = un − un −1 = 2 − 1 = 2 un 2 2 = 1 2 1
g r = = × =
un −1 1 2 2 1 2
12
S12
= 2 (1) + (12 − 1) (1)  2
2 
1 1
S12 6 2 + (11) (1) 
= u1 2 = 2 = 1 2 2
S∞ = = × =
1−r 1 1 2 1 2
S12 = 6 13 1—
2 2
S12 = 78 2 Any infinite geometric series where
−1 < r < 1 , r ≠ 0
But since there are two 12-hour cycles in
a 24-hour day: 3 Any infinite geometric series where
r < −1, or r > 1
S24 = 78 × 2 = 156 chimes
u1 12 12
5 The series is 5 + 9 + 13 + … 4 S
= = = = 30
∞
1−r 3 2
1−
d = un − un −1 = 9 − 5 = 4 5 5
48 Total distance = 2S∞ − u1 = 2 (30 ) − 12
S48
= 2 (5) + ( 48 − 1) ( 4 ) 
2  = 48 ft.
S48 24 10 + ( 47 ) ( 4 ) 
= u1 426 426
5=
S∞ = = = 426 000
1 − r 1 − 0.999 0.001
S48 24 10 + 188
=
17 892 000 gallons
426000 × 42 =
S48 = 24 198

S48 = 4752 line segments Exercise 1K

n
1 a S
= 2u1 + ( n − 1) d 
2
n
Exercise 1J
1 a Not converging as r = 1.5. 20
790
= 2 ( −8 ) + (20 − 1) d 
9 2 
un 32 9 8 3 790 = 10  −16 + (19 ) d 
b r = = =× =
−
un −1 −3 32 −3 4
8 79 19d − 16
=
3 3 95 = 19d
− −
u1 8 = 8 = −3 × 4 = −3 d =5
S∞ = =
1−r −3 7 8 7 14
1— b i un = u1 + ( n − 1) d
4 4
−5 u28 =−8 + (28 − 1) (5)
un −5 2 1
c r = = 4 = × = u28 =−8 + (27 ) (5)
un −1 −5 4 −5 2
2 u28 =−8 + 135
5 5
u1 − − u28 = 127
2 −5 2
S∞ = = =2 = × = −5
1−r 1 1 2 1 n
1— b ii =
Sn u1 + un 
2 2 2
d Not converging as r = 2 .
28
S28=  −8 + 127
e 2 
un 9x − 9 9 ( x − 1) 9 1
r
= = = = = S28 = 14 (119 )
un −1 27 x − 27 27 ( x − 1) 27 3
S28 = 1666
27 x − 27 27 x − 27
=S∞ =
1 2
1−
3 3
 3  81 81
(27x − 27)  2  =2 x − 2
=
 
f Not converging as r = 2 .

© Oxford University Press 2019 6

 Worked solutions

n 5 Choose any r value −1 < r < 1, r ≠ 0 .

c S
= 2u1 + ( n − 1) d 
2
n
Example:
n 1
2 ( −8 ) + ( n − 1) (5)  > 2000 Let r =
2 2
n  −16 + (5n − 1)  > 4000 u1
8=
1
n (5n − 17 ) > 4000 1−
2
5n2 − 17n − 4000 > 0 u1
8=
1
By GDC, n ≈ −27.6 or 30.0
2
Since n > 0, n =
30
u1 = 4
40
2 1900
= 2u1 + ( 40 − 1) d  ∴ The series is 4 + 2 + 1 + …
2 
6 u4 = u1r 4 −1
1900 20 2u1 + (39 ) d 
=
8u1 = u1r 3
95 2u1 + 39d
=
r3 = 8
106 =u1 + ( 40 − 1) d
r =2
106
= u1 + 39d
1 − rn 
Sn = u1  
39
=d 106 − u1  1−r 
95 = 2u1 + 106 − u1  1 − 210 
2557.5 = u1  
u1 = −11  1−2 
39
=d 106 − −11  −1023 
2557.5 = u1  
39d = 117  −1 
d =3 2557.5 = 1023u1
u1 u1 = 2.5
3 S∞ =
1−r
u10 = 2.5 (2 )
10 −1

u1
20 =
1 − 0.2 u10 = 2.5 (2 )
9

u1
20 = u10 = 2.5 (512 )
0.8
un = 16 u10 = 1280

u1  1 − 5n 
4 3u1 = 7 2375 = 5  
1−r  1−5 
u  1 − 5n 
1 − r =1 475 =  
3u1  −4 
1 1 − 5n
−1900 =
1−r =
3
5n = 1901
1
r= 1 − By GDC,
= n 4.69116 …
3
A minimum of 5 rounds are required.
2
r =
3

© Oxford University Press 2019 7

 Worked solutions

1 − r2  c ii u1 =m − 1 =−11 − 1 =−12
8 a S2 = u1  
 1−r  −12
S∞ =
1 − r2  1
1+
15 = u1   2
 1−r 
−12
u S∞ =
27 = 1 3
1−r 2
u1 27 (1 − r )
= S∞ = −8

1 − r2 
15 27 (1 − r ) 
= 
 1−r  Exercise 1L

15 A P (1 + nr )
1 a =
= 1 − r2
27 = (
A 1500 1 + 10 ( 0.06 ) )
15
A = 1500 (1.6 )
2
r = 1−
27
12 A = 2400
r2 =
27 I = 2400 − 1500 = $900

12 2 3 2 A P (1 + nr )
b=
r =
± =
± =
±
27 3 3 3
  0.0125  
Since the geometric series has only =A 32000 1 + 32  
  4 
positive terms,
2 A = 32000 (1.1)
r =
3 A = 35200
 2 I = 35200 − 32000 = 3200 GBP
b=
u1 27 1 − 
 3
A P (1 + r )
n
c =
1
u1 = 27   3×12
3  0.02 
=A 14168000 1 + 
 12 
u1 = 9
36
 0.02 
6 =A 14168000 1 + 
9 a r =  12 
m −1
m+8 =A 14168000 (1.0617835 …)
r =
6 =A 15043348.839948 …
6 m+8 =I 15043348.84 − 14168000
b i =
m −1 6 I ≈ 875348.84 Yen
36 = m2 + 7m − 8
A P (1 + r )
n
d=
0 = m2 + 7m − 44 2×365
 0.04 
( m + 11) ( m − 4)
0= =A 300000 1 + 
 365 
m = −11 m = 4 730
 0.04 
−11 + 8 3 1 =A 300000 1 + 
b ii r = =− =−  365 
6 6 2
=A 324984.69581 …
4 + 8 12
r
= = = 2 =I 324984.70 − 300000
6 6
I ≈ 24 984.80 Mexican Pesos
c i Since the sum of an infinite series
can only be found when
1
−1 < r < 1, r ≠ 0 , r = − .
2

© Oxford University Press 2019 8

 Worked solutions

A P (1 + r ) 50000 P (1.00458333 …)
n 156
e = =

50000 P (2.04085012 …)
12×25
 0.0225  =
=A 250000 1 + 
 12  =P 24499.594316 …
300
 0.0225  P ≈ 24500 Brazilian Reals
=A 250000 1 + 
 12  7 Oliver:
A 438532.634627 … A P (1 + r )
n
= =
=I 438532.63 − 250000 12×5
 0.0125 
I ≈ 188532.63 Swiss Francs =A 400 1 + 
 12 
A P (1 + nr )
2 i =
=A 425.783932 …
= 2323000 1 + (52 × 2 ) r
2480000 ( ) A ≈ 425.78 GBP

1.067585 …= 1 + 104r Harry:

A P (1 + r )
n
104r 0.067585 …
= =
=r 0.000649855 …
A 400 (1 + 0.0175)
5
=
Fernando will pay an annual simple
interest rate of 0.065%. A = 436.2466257…
2480000 A ≈ 436.25 GBP
= 22336.53846 …
ii
104 Harry earned more than Oliver.
≈ 22 337 Columbia Pesos. 8 Savings account:

A P (1 + r )
3=
n A P (1 + nr )
=

 0.025 
12×5 = (
A 20000 1 + n ( 0.012 ) )
=A 90000 1 + 
 12  =A 20000 (1 + 0.012n )
A = 90000 (1.001875)
60
GIC:
A P (1 + r )
n
=A 100705.8944966 … =
A ≈ $100705.89 12×2
 0.035 
=A 20000 1 + 
A P (1 + r )
n
4=  12 

A 20000 (1.00291666 …)
4×5 24
 0.042  =
32546
= P 1 + 
 4  =A 21447.978280670 …
32546 = P (1.0105) … 20000 (1 + 0.012n )
20
21447.978280670
=
32546 1.232328 … P
= 1.0723989140 …= 1 + 0.012n
=P 26410.17651144 … 0. 0723989140 … = 0.012n
P ≈ $26410.18 =n 6.03324 …

A P (1 + r )
5=
n n ≈ 6.03 years

12× n
 0.0325  Exercise 1M
10000 5000 1 +
= 
 12 
11000
a r
1= = 0.88
(1.0027083 …)
12 n
=2 12500

Using the GDC,

= n 21.3567 … =C 12500 × 0.88t , where C represents
the white blood cell count and t is the
n ≈ 21.4 years
time every 12 hours.
A P (1 + r )
n
6= b 3 days = 72 hours = 6 12-hour periods

 0.055 
12× (18 −5) C = 12500 × 0.886 = 5805.0510 …
50000
= P 1 + 
 12  C ≈ 5805 cells/mcL

© Oxford University Press 2019 9

 Worked solutions

c The limitation of the general formula is Exercise 1O

that white blood cell count does not
(3x ) ( −5)
7 4
continue to decrease infinitely. Once 1 a 11C4

the antibiotics killed the infection, the

patient’s white blood cell count would (330) (2187x 7 ) (625)
return to normal.
451068 750x 7
2 a This is an arithmetic sequence since
( x ) ( 6y )
2 8
the rate decreases by -0.2% each b 10C8
month.
( 45) ( x 2 )(1679616y 8 )
b U =7.9 − 0.2 ( t − 1) , where U
represents the unemployment rate and 75582 720x 7
t is the month starting with January c Since n = 6, there will be 7 terms in
2014.
the expansion. Hence the middle term
c 7.9 − 0.2 (12 − 1)
U = is the 4th term.

(2) ( −3y )
3 3
U 7.9 − 0.2 (11)
= 6C3

U = 5.7% (
20 ( 8 ) −27y 4 )
d It is not realistic. There will always be 4
−4320y
people you are not capable of working,
or are switching jobs, or looking for d The constant term will contain x 0 ,
jobs. hence
3 a This means that it takes 1.23 years for
( x ) ( −3)
0 9
4
9C9
the substance to decrease to half of
the original mass.
( −3)
9
t −1
1 h
−19 683
b = A0   , where A is the amount
2 7
 −3 
( −2x )
0
remaining after t years, A0 is the e 7C7
2
 
original mass, and h is the half-life.  x 
7
7.2 −1  −3 
 1  1.23  
c A = 52    x 
2
2187
1
5.0406504…
−
A = 52   x7
2
2 a 1, 4, 6, 4, 1
=A 1.57985 …
(3x ) ( −2)
1 3
b 4C3
A ≈ 1.58 g
4 (3x ) ( −8 )
Exercise 1N −96
4 3 2
1 x + 20 x + 150 x + 500 x + 625
( x ) ( −3)
3 5
3 a 8C5

2 −b5 + 10b4 − 40b3 + 80b2 − 80b + 32

(56) x 3( ) ( −243)
3 64 x 6 − 192 x 5 + 240 x 4 − 160 x 3
−13 608x 3
+60 x 2 − 12 x + 1
( −2x ) x 5 ( −3)   
3
4 256 x 4 + 256 x 3y + 96 x 2y 2 + 16 xy 3 + y 4 b 8C3

5 x 3 − 9 x 2y + 27 xy 2 − 27y 3 11340 x 5

6 243x 5 + 1620 x 4y + 4320 x 3y 2 + 5760 x 2y 3

+3840 xy 4 + 1024y 5

© Oxford University Press 2019 10

 Worked solutions

r
( −k )
3
1 −216
=
(x )
11− r
4 3
  =x
9

x
−k = 3
−216
 1 
(x 33 − 3r
)  r= x
x 
9
−k =−6
k =6
x 33−3r
= x9
( a) ( −b2 )
3 3
xr 7 6C3

x 33 −3r − r = x 9 20a3 −b6 ( )

33 − 4 r 9
x = x
−20a3b6
33 − 4r =
9
The coefficient is −20.
4r = 24
(2.52)= (2 + 0.52)
3 3
r =6 8
6
 −3  3 3
( ) (2.52)   23 (0.52) +   22(0.52)1
5 3 0
11C6 x3   =
 x  0 1
 729  3 3
( )
462 x15  6 
 x 
+   21(0.52)2 +   20 ( 0.52 )
3

2 3
336 798x 9 (2.52) 8 + (3) ( 4 ) ( 0.52 ) + (3) (2 ) ( 0.52 )
3 2
=
5 The constant term will contain x 0 , hence
+ ( 0.52 )
3

r
 1 
( )
7−r
x7 x 4  3 = x
0

(2.52) 8 + 12 ( 0.52 ) + 6(0.52)2 + ( 0.52 )

3 3
 x  =

 1  (2.52) 8 + 12 ( 0.52 ) + 6 ( 0.2704 )

3

( )
x 7 x 28 − 4r  3r  = x 0
x 
=

+0.140608
x 28 − 4r +7 −3r = x 0
(2.52)
3
8 + 6.24 + 1.6224 + 0.140608
=
x 35 −75 = x 0
(2.52)
3
35 − 7r =
0 = 16.003008
7r = 35
(2.52)
3
≈ 16.003
r =5
7 −5 5 9 a x 5 − 25x 4 + 250 x 3 − 1250 x 2 + 3125x
7  x 
4
 k 
7C5 x    3  = 168 −3125
 2  x 
2
b Hence, the term containing x 4 will be
5
x   k  (2x ) (250x 3 ) = 525x 4
4
21x 7    3  = 168
 2  x 
(3 − 2x )
4
10 a
 x8   k5 
21x 7  2   15  = 168
 2  x  = 16 x 4 − 96 x 3 + 216 x 2 − 216 x +81

21k 5 x15
= 168
( −2x + 3)
4
4 x15
21k 5 = 16 x 4 − 96 x 3 + 216 x 2 − 216 x +81
= 168
4 b No, when the exponent is odd, the
expansions will not be the same.
k 5 = 32
k =2

( 2 x ) ( −k )
5 3
6 8C3 −387 072 x 5
=

(56) 32 x 5( ) ( −k ) 3
−387 072 x 5
=

(56) (32 ) ( −k ) =
3
−387 072

1792 ( −k ) =
3
−387 072

© Oxford University Press 2019 11

 Worked solutions

11 Since there are four terms, n must be 3. 3 LHS RHS

Let k be the coefficient of x and m be 1 1 1
the coefficient of y . +
m m + 1 m2 + m
Using the first term, 1 1
+
3 m + 1 m (m + 1)
  ( kx ) ( my ) = 27 x
3 0 3

1 m 1
+
k 3 x 3 = 27 x 3 m (m + 1) m (m + 1)
k 3 = 27 m+1
3
k = 27 m (m + 1)
k =3 1
Using the last term, m
3 RHS ≡ LHS
  (3x ) ( my ) = −64y
0 3 3

3
 
4 a LHS RHS
( my )
3
= −64y 3
x − 2 3x − 6 x +1
÷ 2
m3y 3 = −64y 3 x x +x 3
m3 = −64 x − 2 x2 + x
×
x 3x − 6
m= 3
−64
m = −4 x − 2 x ( x + 1)
×
x 3 ( x − 2)
∴ ( a + b) = (3x − 4y )
n 3

x − 2 x ( x + 1)
12 2=
n
(1 + 1)
n ×
x 3 ( x − 2)

x +1
 n n  n  n −1 1  n  n −2 2
2n =  (1) (1) +   (1) (1) +   (1) (1)
0
3
0
  1 2
LHS ≡ RHS
 n  1 n −1  n  0
 (1) (1) +   (1) (1)
n
+ … b x ≠ −1,0,2
 n − 1  n
 
Since 1x = 1 for any x ∈  , Chapter review
n  n  n  n  n   n 1 a i This sequence is not arithmetic
2 =   +   +   + … + 
0 1
      2  n − 1  n  since 18 − 6 ≠ 6 − 3. This sequence
18 6
is not geometric since ≠ .
Exercise 1P 6 3

1 LHS RHS b i This sequence is arithmetic since

−12 − −14 = −14 − −16 = 2 .
−2 ( a − 4 ) + 3 (2a + 6 ) − 6 ( a − 5) −2 ( a − 28 )
ii un = u1 + (n − 1) d
−2a + 8 + 6a + 18 − 6a + 30
un =−16 + 2 (n − 1)
−2a + 56
−2 ( a − 28 ) un =−16 + 2n − 2

LHS ≡ RHS u=
n 2n − 18

2 ( 8 ) − 18 =
iii u8 = −2
2 LHS RHS

( x − 3) x2 − 6x + 14
2
+5

x2 − 6x + 9 + 5
x2 − 6x + 14
LHS ≡ RHS

© Oxford University Press 2019 12

 Worked solutions

n d i The first few terms of this sequence

iv S
=n
2
(
2u1 + (n − 1) d ) is 3, 6, 12,…

8 This is a geometric sequence since

S8=
2
(
2 ( −16 ) + ( 8 − 1) (2 ) ) 12 6
= = 2.
6 3
(
S8 = 4 −32 + (7 ) (2 ) ) ii un = u1rn−1
S8 = 4 ( −32 + 14 )
un= 3 × (2 )
n −1

S8 = 4 (18 )
iii u5= 3 × (2 )
5 −1

S8 = 72
u5= 3 × (2 )
4

c i This sequence is geometric since

500 1000 1 u5= 3 × 16
= = .
1000 2000 2
u5 = 48
ii un = u1rn−1
 1 − 210 −1 
n −1 iv S10 = 3  
1  1−2 
un 2000 ×  
=
2
 1 − 29 
9 −1 S10 = 3  
1  −1 
iii=
u9 2000 ×  
2
−3 (1 − 512 )
S10 =
8
1
u9 2000 ×  
= S10 =−3 ( −511)
2
u8 = 7.81 S10 = 1533

 1 − rn−1  e i The first few terms of the sequence

iv Sn = un   are 105, 110, 115…
 1−r 
This sequence is arithmetic since
 1 
7 −1 115 − 110 = 110 − 105 = 5 .
1 −   
S7 = 2000  2  ii un = 105 + (n − 1) 5
1 
 1−  un = 105 + 5n − 5
 2 
 
u=
n 5n + 100
 1 
6

1 −    u7 5 (7 ) + 100
iii=
S7 = 2000  2 
1 
  u
=7 35 + 100
 2 
 
u7 = 135
 1 
 1 − 64  n
S7 = 2000  
iv S
=n
2
(2u1 + (n − 1) d )
 1 
 2  9
=S9
2
(
2 (105) + ( 9 − 1) (5) )
 63 
 
S7 = 2000  64  = (
S9 4.5 210 + ( 8 ) (5) )
 1 
 2  =S9 4.5 (210 + 40 )
 63 2  S9 = 4.5 (250 )
=S7 2000  × 
 64 1 
S9 = 1125
 63 
S7 = 2000  
 32 
S7 = 3937.5

© Oxford University Press 2019 13

 Worked solutions

2 Renaming the terms: 4

r 4 = 4 5.0625
u6 = u1 = −5 r = 1.5
u9 = u4 = −20 u−1 = u1r −1−1
This means we now want to find S20 = S15. u
= 4.5 × 1.5−2
−1

We first need to find d: u−1 = 2

u4 = u1 + (n − 1) d
6 a An infinite sum can only be found for a
−20 =−5 + ( 4 − 1) d converging geometric sequence.
u1
−15 =
3d S∞ =
1−r
d = −5
1
n
S=
15
2
(
2u1 + (n − 1) d ) S∞ = 4
1
1− −
15 2
S=
16
2
(
2 ( −5) + (15 − 1) ( −5) ) 1
4
(
S16 = 7.5 −10 + (14 ) ( −5) ) S∞ =
1
1+
S16 = 7.5 ( −10 − 70 ) 2
1
S16 7.5 ( −80 )
=
S∞ = 4
3
S16 = −600
2
3 u2 =−2 ( −4 ) + 3 =8+3 =11 1
u3 =−2 (11) + 3 =−22 + 3 =−19 S∞ = 4
3
u4 =−2 ( −19 ) + 3 =38 + 3 =41 2
0.12
u5 =−2 ( 41) + 3 =−82 + 3 =−79 b b= = 2 > 1 so the series is not
0.06
The first five terms are converging
−4, 11, − 19, 41, − 79 . 7 un = u1 + (n − 1) d
4 We first need to find r:
60 =3 + (n − 1) (3)
−0.1
r= = −0.2
0.5 60 =3 + 3n − 3

 1 − ( −0.2 )n−1  60 = 3n
0.416 = 0.5   n = 20
 1 − −0.2 
 
8 u4 = 8u1
−0.0016 = − ( −0.2 )
n −1

un = u1rn−1
( −0.2)
n −1
0.0016 = u4 = u1r 4 −1
By GDC, n = 5 8u1 = u1r3
5 Renaming the terms:
8 = r3
u=
3 u=
1 4.5
r=2
u= u= 22.78125
7 5
 1 − 29 −1 
765 = u1  
This means we now want to find u1 = u−1  1−2 
Finding r:  1 − 28 
765 = u1  
un = u1rn−1  −1 
u5 = u1r5 −1  1 − 28 
765 = u1  
= 4.5 × r 4
22.78125  −1 

5.0625 = r 4

© Oxford University Press 2019 14

 Worked solutions

 1 − 256  b= = 10 weights
1kg 1000g
765 = u1  
 −1  u10 4 (10 ) + 41
=
 −255 
765 = u1   u=
10 40 + 41
 −1 
u10 = 81 cm
765 = 255u1
c Eventually the spring will hit the
u1 = 3 ground or the surface it is sitting on,
so the length will become constant.
u9 = u1r 9 −1
Also, the spring could break from too
u9= 3 × 28 much weight.
d u= 4n + 41
u9 = 768 n

101
= 4n + 41
6 x+2
9 = 60 = 4n
x −3 6
n = 15
36 = x2 − x − 6
15x100g = 1500g or 1.5kg
0 = x2 − x − 42
24
 r 
0=( x − 7) ( x + 6 ) 12
= 22960 20 987 1 + 
12 

x = 7 or x = −6 24
 r 
10 a 55, 51.15, 47.5695, 44.239635… 1.09401 …= 1 + 
 12 
b It is a geometric sequence because
47.5695 51.15 r
= = 0.93 . 1=
+ 24
1.09401 …
51.15 55 12

c u11 = u1r11−1
r
1=
+ 1.003750 …
12
u= 55 × 0.9310
11
r
= 0.003750 …
=u11 26.61902 … 12
u11 ≈ 26.6 litres left in the tank r = 0.0450009
r ≈ 4.5%
d u16 = u1r16 −1
13 a 1, 13, 78, 286, 715, 1287, 1716,
= 55 × 0.9315
u16
1716, 1287, 715, 286, 78, 13, 1
=u11 18.5185474 … Each row in Pascal’s triangle is
u11 ≈ 18.5 litres symmetric.
b You can add each set of consecutive in
36.5 litres drained from
55 − 18.5 =
the 14th row to find the 15th row.
the tank
1, (1 + 13) , (13 + 78 ) , (78 + 286 ) ,
u1
e S∞ = (286 + 715) , (715 + 1287) ,
1−r
55 (1287 + 1716 ) , (1716 + 1716 ) ,
S∞ =
1 − 0.93 (1716 + 1287) , (1287 + 715) ,
55 (715 + 286 ) , (286 + 78) , (78 + 13) ,
S∞ =
0.07 (13 + 1) , 1
=S∞ 785.714285 … 1, 14, 91, 364, 1001, 2002, 3003, 3432,
S∞ ≈ 785 minutes or 13 hours and 3003, 2002, 1001, 364, 91, 14, 1
5 minutes 6 6
14   (3x ) ( −y ) +   (3x ) ( −y )
6 0 5 1

11 a un = u1 + (n − 1) d 0
  1
 
un = 45 + (n − 1) ( 4 ) 6 6
+   (3x ) ( −y ) +   (3x ) ( −y )
4 2 3 3

2 3
un = 45 + 4n − 4
u=
n 4n + 41

© Oxford University Press 2019 15

 Worked solutions

6 6 4a = 36
+   (3x ) ( −y ) +   (3x ) ( −y )
2 4 1 5

 4 5 a=9
6 12   x3   k 
3 9
+   (3x ) ( −y )
0 6

6     
 3  3  x
= 729x6 + 6 243x5 ( ) ( −y ) + 15 (81x )( y )
4 2
 x9   k 9  112640
220   9  =
 27   x  27
(
+20 27x3 )( −y 3
) + 15 (9x )( y )
2 4

+6 (3x ) ( −y ) + y 5 6 220k 9 112640

=
27 27
=729x6 − 1458x5y + 1215x 4y2 − 540x3y3
220k 9 = 112640
2 4 5 6
+135x y − 18xy + y
k 9 = 512
5
8  3 
( −4x )
3
15    2  4 9
k 9 = 9 512
3  x 
k =2
 243 
56  10  −64x12
 x 
( ) 19 (2x − 1) ( x − 3) − 3 ( x − 4 )
2

 243 
56  10  −64x12 ( )
= 2x2 − 7x + 3 − 3 x2 − 8x + 16 ( )
 x 
= 2x2 − 7x + 3 − 3x2 − 24x + 48
2
−870 912x
=−x2 − 31x + 51 QED
The coefficient is -870 912. 2 2
x − x − 6 x − 16
16 The sixth term will have be in the form of 20 a × 2
n −5 x+4 x +2
n  2 
( −5x )
5
  2 
5
. ( x − 3) ( x + 2 ) × ( x − 4 ) ( x + 4 )
5  x  =
x+4 x ( x + 2)
Ignoring any coefficients:
 1  25 ( x − 3) ( x + 2 ) × ( x − 4 ) ( x + 4 )
 2n−10  x
x 
( )
= x25 =
x+4 x ( x + 2)

 1  ( x − 4)
 2n−10  = 1 = ( x − 3) × x
x 
x −2n+10 = x0 x2 − 7x + 12
= QED
−2n + 10 =
0 x

−2n =−10 b x ≠ −4, − 2, 0

5
n=5  x
21 a 1 − 
9  4
  ( x ) ( −3)
5 4
17 a
 4 5 5  x 
=  15 +   14  − 
0
  1  4 
( )
126 x5 ( 81)
2 3
5  x  5  x 
10206x 5 +   13  −  +   12  − 
2  4  3  4 
b (
−2x 10206x5 ) 5  x 
4
5  x 
5

+   11  −  +    −  M1A1
−20412x6  4  4  5  4 
18 To determine which term is the constant, 5x 5x 2 5x 3
=1− + −
ignore the coefficients for now: 4 8 32
12 − a a 5x 4 x5
 x3  1 0 + − A1
    =x 256 1024
1 x
 
x36 −3a
= x0
xa
x36 −3a− a = x0
36 − 4a =
0

© Oxford University Press 2019 16

 Worked solutions

b Substituting x = 0.1 M1 = 3 × ( −114688 ) + 1 × 286720

5 × 0.1 5 × 0.12 = −57344 A1
0.9755 ≈ 1 − +
4 8
 n
1
=1 − +
5
A1 2
( )
26   1n −2 (3x ) = 495x 2
2
M1A1
 
8 800
9n ( n − 1)
800 100 5 = 495
= − + 2
800 800 800
705  141  n ( n − 1) =
110
= =   A1
800  160  n2 − n − 110 =0 A1
22 a Using un =a + ( n − 1) d M1 ( n − 11) ( n + 10) =
0 M1A1
143= a + 14d So n = 11 since n > 0 A1
183= a + 30d A1 8  2
6

( )
2

Solving simultaneously A1 27 Require   x 3 −  M1A1

2  x
a = 108 A1
= 28 × ( −2 )
6
A1
5
d = A1
2 = 28 × 64
b 100th term is a + 99d M1 = 1792 A1
4 4
5  1   4  1 
( −x )
0
= 108 + 99 × 28 a  x
−=   
2  2 x   0   2x 
= 355.5 A1 3 2
 4  1   4  1 
( −x ) ( −x )
1 2
23 a Money in the account would be +   +   
 1   2x   2   2x 
$3481)
3000 × 1.01510 ( = M1A1 1 0
 4  1   4  1 
 ( −x ) +    ( −x )
3 1
Therefore interest gained is +  
 3   2x   4   2x 
3000 × 1.1510 − 3000 =
$481 A1
M1A1
b Total amount is
1 1 3
3000 × 1.01511 =x 4 + − 2x 2 − + A1
16 x 4 2x 2 2
+(1200 × 1.015 +1200 × 1.015 + 
2

(3 − x )
3
b =27 − 27 x + 9 x 2 − x 3 M1A1
+1200 × 1.01510 ) M1
4
 1 
(3 − x )
3
= 3000 × 1.01511  − x
 2x 
 1.01510 − 1 
+ (1200 × 1.015)    1 1 3
 1.015 − 1  (
= 27 − 27 x + 9 x 2 − x 3  x 4 +

)
16 x 4
− 2x 2 − + 
2x 2 2 
M1A1  3 9
A1 Therefore required term is  27 ×  −
= $16570  2 2
24 a 5500 × 1.02754 M1A1 A1
= $6130.41 A1 = 36 A1
b Consider 5500 × 1.0275n−1 =
12000 a
29 120 = M1A1
M1A1 1 − 0.2
12000 5a
n−1
1.0275 = 120 =
5500 4
12000 a = 96 A1
1.0275n−1 =
5500 The 6th term is therefore
Using GDC: M1 96 × 0.25 =
0.03072 M1A1
n −1 = 28.76
n = 29.76 A1
So Brad must wait 30 years A1
25 Require ( 3 × coefficient of term in x 5 )
(
+ 1 × coefficient of term in x 4 )
8 8
3 ×   43 ( −2 x ) + 1 ×   44 ( −2 x ) M1A1A1
5 4

5
  4
 

© Oxford University Press 2019 17

 Worked solutions

20 34 Consider multiples of 7:
30 ar = 180 and ar 5 = M1A1
9 504 is the first multiple and 1400 is the
Solving simultaneously M1 final multiple
ar 5 20 1 1400 = 504 + 7 ( n − 1) M1
= = = r4
ar 9 × 180 81 ⇒n= 129 A1
1 So the sum of the multiples of 7 is
Therefore r = A1
3 129
180 180
S
=129
2
(
2 × 504 + 7 × (129 − 1))
So
= a = = 540 A1
r 1
3 = 122808 M1A1
a 540 3 × 540 Sum of the integers from 500 to 1400
S∞
= = = = 810 M1A1 (inclusive) is
1 − r 1 − 13 2
901
31 First part is geometric sum, a = 1 , S
= 901
2
( )
2 × 500 + 1 × ( 901 − 1)
r = 1.6 , n = 16 M1
= 855950 M1A1
Second part is arithmetic sum, a = 0 ,
Therefore require
d = −12 , n = 16 M1
855950 − 122808 = 733142 A1
Third part is 16 × 1 = 16 A1
Geometric sum:
1.616 − 1
= S16 = 3072.791 A1
1.6 − 1
Arithmetic sum:
16
S16 =
2
(
2 × 0 + 15 × ( −12 ) =−1440)
A1
n =15
So ∑ (1.6
n =0
n
)
− 12n + 1

= 3072.791 − 1440 + 16 = 1648.8 A1

32 Required distance
 5   5 5 
= 20 +  2 × × 20  +  2 × × × 20  + 
 6   6 6 
M1M1A1
100
= 20 + 3
A1
1− 5
6
100
= 20 + 3
1
6

= 20 + 200 A1
= 220 m
 n − 1  n − 1 
33  + 
 k   k − 1

=
( n − 1) ! + ( n − 1) ! M1A1A1
k ! ( n − k − 1) ! ( k − 1) ! ( n − k ) !

=
( n − k ) ( n − 1) !+ k ( n − 1) ! A1
k !( n − k ) !
n ( n − 1) !− k ( n − 1) !+ k ( n − 1) !
= A1
k !( n − k ) !
n ( n − 1) !
= A1
k !( n − k ) !
 n!   n
=  =
 k ! ( n − k ) !   k 
 

© Oxford University Press 2019 18

 Worked solutions

2 Representing relationships:
introducing functions
Skills check b
1

2 A (3,
0), B (-2,
4), E (-1, 1), R (2, -1)
3 a 4(2) −3(−3) = 17
b (2)2 – (−3)2 = −5
1 3
c 2 + −3 + − = − c
2 4
2
 1 3
d −6  −  =−
 2 2
4 a 8x = 16 → x = 2
1
b 4x = 2 → x =
2
c x – 10 = 3 → x = 13
d 12x = −12 → x = −1
5 a
d

© Oxford University Press 2019 Worked solutions 1

 Worked solutions

Exercise 2A  x , x ≥ 0
c y =
1 a If the marbles are identical of mass a  x, x ≥ 0
then the function takes x to ax . This
function satisfies the vertical test line. d
b This is a function because for s sides of
a polygon the sum of the interior
angles of the polygon is ( s − 2 ) ⋅ 1800
which satisfies the vertical test line.
c This is not a function. If a ticket for an
adult is 10 pounds and a ticket for a
student is 5 pounds then if we have
one adult and 2 students the total cost
is 20 pounds, for 3 students the total
cost is 25 pounds, therefore we will
have more than one y-value for the 3 In a function for every x -coordinate
same x = 1 coordinate (adult movie there exists a unique y -coordinate which
tickets purchased). satisfies the definition of a relation. On
d This is a function. Each x -coordinate the other hand, the examples from the
has a unique y -coordinate, y= x + 1 . previous questions are all relations but
none of them are functions.
e This is not a function. It does not
“All functions are relations, but not all
satisfy the vertical line test for
relations are functions.”
example at x = 0 .
f This is a function. We see that every
x -coordinate has a unique Exercise 2B
y -coordinate. 1 a f ( 6 ) = 1 which can be observed at the
g This is a function. Every x -coordinate pair ( 6,1) .
has a unique y -coordinate.
b g (17 ) = 21 which can be observed at
h This is a function. This is seen when
drawing the graph of the function the pair (17,21) .
y = −2 x + 6 and applying the vertical
g ( −4 ) =− ( −4 ) + 2 =−16 + 2 =−14
2
line test. c
i This is not a function. We see that for
d f ( −9 ) =5 ⋅ ( −9 ) − 1 =−45 − 1 =−46
x = 3 there are infinitely many y -
coordinate values. e C (100 ) =20 ⋅ 100 + 250
j This is a function. This is seen when
= 2000 + 250 = 2250
drawing the graph of the function
y = x 2 and applying the vertical line f h (5) = −4
test. g f (2 ) = 3
k This is a function. Apply the vertical
line test. h f ( −3) =
5
l This is a function. Apply the vertical
i f ( −1) =
1
line test.
m This is not a function. This is showed at 2 a f ( −3) =−3 ( −3) − 1
2

x = −2 which has 2 distinct

y -coordinate values. =−3 ( 9 ) − 1 =−27 − 1 =−28

2 a X 2 2 3 b g (15) =−4 (15) + 7 =−60 + 7 =−53

Y 0 1 4
f (1) + g ( −1) = −3 (1) − 1 + −4 ( −1) + 7
2
c
b
=−3 − 1 + 4 + 7 =7
d 6
f ( x − 2) =−3 ( x − 2 ) − 1
2
e

= (
−3 x 2 − 4 x + 4 − 1 )
2
−3x + 12 x − 12 − 1
=
© Oxford University Press 2019 2
 Worked solutions

−3x 2 + 12 x − 12
= 9
g C + 32 =
350
5
f g ( n) =−4n + 7
9
g f (1) × h (1) = (
−3 (1) − 1 ( 6 )
2
) 5
C = 318

=C 176.6 ≈ 177 oC
( −4) (6 ) =
= −24
5 a ( g ) 10g + 25
C=
f ( x + 1) =−3 ( x + 1) − 1
2
h
b g>0
= (
−3 x 2 + 2 x + 1 − 1 ) c C (14
= ) 10 (14) + 25
= 165
2
=−3x − 6 x − 3 − 1 d C ( g ) = 100,
−3x 2 − 6 x − 4
=
10g + 25 =
100
g ( x − 2) =−4 ( x − 2 ) + 7
10g = 75
=−4 x + 8 + 7 g = 7.5 gigs
=−4 x + 15
f ( x + 1) × g ( x − 2 ) Exercise 2C
1 a
( )
=−3x 2 − 6 x − 4 ( −4 x + 15)

= 12 x 3 − 45x 2 + 24 x 2 − 90 x + 16 x − 60
= 12 x 3 − 21x 2 − 74 x − 60
3 a Yes, it is a function. Every value of t
will yield only one value of d.
b d (t ) =
−75t + 275
b
c d (0) =
−75 ( 0 ) + 275 =
275 km

d 0 < t < n, where n is the amount of

time it takes to drive to Perth.
4 a Yes, it is a function. Every
temperature in Celsius will only yield
one temperature in Fahrenheit. c

b F (17 ) is asking what temperature in oF

is equivalent to 17oC.
9
)
F (17= (17) + 32
= 62.6 oF.
5
2 a
c F ( C ) = 100 is asking what
temperature in oC is equivalent to
100oF.
9
C + 32 =
100
5
9
C = 68
5 b
0C
=C 37.7 ≈ 37.8
9
d F ( 0 )= (0) + 32= 32 oF
5
9
e F (100
= ) (100) + =
32 212 oF
5
9
f F (38.75
= ) (38.75)=
+ 32 101.75 oF
5

© Oxford University Press 2019 3

 Worked solutions

c d Not a function
e Domain: x ∈  ,  −∞, ∞  or ( −∞ , ∞ )

Range: y ∈ , −∞ , ∞  or ( −∞ , ∞ )

f Domain: x ∈  ,  −∞, ∞  or ( −∞ , ∞ )

Range: {4}
g Not a function
h Domain: x ∈  ,  −∞, ∞  or ( −∞ , ∞ )

d Range: 3 ≤ y ≤ 5, 3,5

i Domain: x ≥ 0, 0, ∞ or  0, ∞ )

Range: y ≤ 0,  −∞, 0 or ( −∞, 0

j Not a function
k Domain: x ∈  ,  −∞, ∞  or ( −∞ , ∞ )

1  1 1 
3 a Range: y ≥ − , − , ∞  or  − , ∞ 
2  2 2 
l Domain: ∈  ,  −∞, ∞  or ( −∞ , ∞ )

Range: y ≥ 0, 0, ∞  or  0, ∞ )

2 a

x-intercepts: (-9,0), (2.5,0)

y-intercepts: (0, -4.5)
minimum: (-3.25, -6.61)

Domain: x ∈  ,  −∞, ∞  or ( −∞ , ∞ )

Range: y ∈  ,  −∞, ∞  or ( −∞ , ∞ )

x-intercept: (-9.17,0),
y-intercept: (0, 23)

Exercise 2D
1 a Not a function
b Domain: {−5, −1,3} Domain: x ∈  , x ≠ 1,  −∞,1 ∪  1, ∞ 

Range: {4,6,14} or ( −∞,1) ∪ (1, ∞ )

c Domain: {−12, −8, −5} Range: y ∈  , y ≠ 0,  −∞, 0 ∪  0, ∞ 

Range: {−8,7} or ( −∞, 0 ) ∪ ( 0, ∞ )

© Oxford University Press 2019 4

 Worked solutions

c d

6
Domain: x > 1, 1, ∞  or (1, ∞ ) 4 a i f (6 ) = +2 = 4
3
Range: y > −2,  −2, ∞  or ( −2, ∞ ) ii f (8) =−8 + 10 =2

d b

Domain: x ∈  ,  −∞, ∞  or ( −∞ , ∞ ) c 0 ≤ x ≤ 10; 0 ≤ y ≤ 4

Range: −1 ≤ y ≤ 5,  −1,5  − x, −3 ≤ x ≤ −1

3 Answer will vary.

5 )  2x + 3, −1 < x ≤ 2
f ( x=
 7, 2<x ≤6
a 
It is also possible to include −1 in the
second interval rather than the first and 2
in the third interval rather than the
second.

Exercise 2E
1 a C (n
= ) 40 + 21n , where C is the cost
and n is the number of hours.
b
b Domain: x ≥ 0, 0, ∞  or  0, ∞ )

Range: y ≥ 0, 0, ∞  or  0, ∞ )

c C (4
= ) 40 + 21 ( 4)
C (4
= ) 40 + 84
C ( 4 ) = $14

2 a
c

b Domain e.g: 10 ≤ f ≤ 80

© Oxford University Press 2019 5

 Worked solutions

Range e.g: 75.8 ≤ h ≤ 228 (

f h (x) =) (
− x +2 x +1 +5 ) ( x +1 )
h (51) 2.47 (51) + 54.10
c=
( )
f h ( x ) =− x − 2 x − 1 + 5 x + 5
h (51) = 180.07

h (51) ~ 180 cm
( )
f h ( x ) =− x + 3 x + 4

d=
161 2.47f + 54.10 vi g  h ( x=
) 4 ( x +1 −2 )
2.47f = 106.9
g  h ( x=
) 4 x +4−2
=f 43.27935 …
f ≈ 43.3 cm (x) 4 x + 2
g  h=

f ( −1) =− ( −1) + 5 ( −1) =

12t 2
 0.025  v −1 − 5 =−6
a I ( t ) 10000 1 +
3 = 
 12 
f  f ( −1) = f ( −6 )
b The equation satisfies the vertical line
= − ( −6 ) + 5 ( −6 )
2
test.
c Domain: t ∈ , t ≥ 0 =−36 − 30 =−66
Range: [10000, ∞). f  f  f ( −1) = f ( −66 )

= − ( −66 ) + 5 ( −66 )
12t 2
 0.025 
d=
20000 10000 1 + 
 12  = −4356 − 330
 0.025 
12t = 4686
2 1 +
=
 12 

vii g ( h ( 9=
)) 4 ( 9 +1 −2 )
 0.025 
ln2 12t ln 1 +
=
 12 
 ( )
g h ( 9 ) = 4 (3 + 1) − 2

12t =
ln2 g ( h=(9) ) 4 ( 4) − 2
 0.025 
ln 1 +
 12  g ( h ( 9=) ) 16 − 2
12t = 333.0571
g ( h ( 9 ) ) = 14
t = 27.755...
Javier needs 27 years and 10 months
to double his money.
(
viii. g  f (2 ) =4 − (2 ) + 5 (2 ) − 2
2
)
g  f (2 ) = 4 ( −4 + 10 ) − 2
Exercise 2F
(2 ) 4 ( 6 ) − 2
g  f=
1 a i ( )
f g (x) =
− ( 4x − 2) + 5 ( 4x − 2)
2

g  f (2
= ) 24 − 2
( )
f g (x) = (
− 16 x − 16 x + 4 2
) g  f (2 ) = 22
+ 5 ( 4x − 2)
( ) ( )
2
f  g (2 ) =
− 4 (2 ) − 2 + 5 4 (2 ) − 2
( )
f g (x) = 2
−16 x + 16 x − 4
f  g (2 ) =− (8 − 2) + 5 (8 − 2)
2
+ 20 x − 10

( ) f  g (2 ) =
− (6 ) + 5 (6 )
2
f g (x) =
−16 x 2 + 36 x − 6

f  g (2 ) =−36 + 30
( ) ( ) ( )
2
ii f f (x) =− − x 2 + 5x + 5 − x 2 + 5x
f  g (2 ) = −6
− (x
f (f ( x )) = 4
− 10 x 3 + 25x 2 )
g  f (2 ) + f  g (2 ) = 22 − 6 = 16
(
+ 5 − x 2 + 5x )
b i x ∈  or  −∞, ∞  or ( −∞, ∞ )
( )
f f (x) =− x 4 + 10 x 3 − 25x 2
ii x ∈  or  −∞, ∞  or ( −∞, ∞ )
− 5x 2 + 25x
iii x ≥ 0 or 0, ∞  or 0, ∞ )
( )
f f (x) =− x 4 + 10 x 3 − 30 x 2 + 25x
iv x ≥ 0 or 0, ∞  or 0, ∞ )
( ) ( )
2
iii f ( h ( x ) ) =
− x +1 +5 x +1

© Oxford University Press 2019 6

 Worked solutions

2 Answers will vary (

g g
= (3) g= )
(11) 0
3 a (
f g (x) = )
−2 ( 4 x − 1) + 5
b For f ( x ) ,
f ( g ( x ) ) =−8 x + 2 + 5
domain: {2,3,5,10}
f ( g ( x )) = −8 x + 7 range: {-4, 1, 2, 6}

b f ( g ( x ) ) =−8 x + 7 = 12 For g ( x ) :

−8 x =
5 Domain: {-2, 3, 6, 11}
Range: {-3, 0, 2, 11}
5
x = − 2 a g (3) = 7
8

4 a ( )
f g ( x ) = 3 ( − x + 4) − 6
2
f  g (3) = f (7 ) = −2

b f ( −1) =
( ) (
f g ( x ) = 3 x 2 − 8 x + 16 − 6 ) 9

g  f ( −1) =g (9) =−4

f ( g ( x ) ) = 3x 2
− 24 x + 48 − 6
c f ( 9 ) = −1
f ( g ( x ) ) = 3x 2
− 24 x + 42
f  f ( 9 ) = f ( −1) = 9
b
3 a f (0) = 0

( )
g f ( 0 ) = g ( 0 ) = −4

b f (1) = 1

( )
g f (1) = g (1) = −3

c g ( −2 ) =
0

( )
f g ( −2 ) = f ( 0 )= 0

c Domain: x ∈  or  −∞, ∞  or ( −∞, ∞ ) d g ( −0 ) =−4

Range: y ≥ −6 or  −6, ∞  or  −6, ∞ ) ( )

f g ( 0 ) = f ( −4 ) = 4

5 a f ( x=
) x + 25 4 Answers will vary; g ( x ) contain a point

b g ( x ) = 1.06 x with an x-coordinate of -1. ; f ( x ) must

have a point with a y-coordinate of 2.
c f g
= ( )
( x ) 1.06 x + 25 ; this represented
only paying tax on the price of the
fridge.
Exercise 2H
g= (
f (x) )
1.06 ( x + 25) ; this represents
1 a f ( n=
) x − 100
paying tax on both the price of the
fridge and the delivery fee. g ( n ) = 2.20n
d (
f g (x) ) b f ( n ) represents that you receive
commission on every new person who
signs up after the first 100 people.

Exercise 2G g ( n ) represents that you receive

1 a i g ( −2 ) =
3 2.20BGP for each person (after the
first 100) who sign up.
( )
f g ( −2 ) = f (3)= 2 c i f (224 ) = 224 − 100 = 124
ii f (5 ) = 6 ii g ( n ) 2.20
= = (124) 272.80 GBP
( )
g f (5) = g ( 6 ) = −3 S (276 ) 2.20 (276 − 100 )
d i =

iii g (3) = 11 = 2.20

= (176 ) 387.20 GBP
© Oxford University Press 2019 7
 Worked solutions

ii = 2.20 ( x − 100 )
114.40 ( )
f g ( x )= x2 + 2 − 2
52= x − 100
x = 152 people
(
f g (x) = ) x 2

f ( x= f ( g ( x )) = x
2 a ) x − $25 ; this could represent
$25 off the price of the TV
( )
2
3x − 2 2
g ( x ) = 1.10 x ; this could represent a g (f ( x ))
= +
3 3
tax of 10%.
3x − 2 2
b i You paid 699.99 − 25 =
$674.99 . (
f (x)
g= ) 3
+
3
ii After tax, the TV cost
3x − 2 + 2
1.10 × 674.99 = 742.489 (
g f (x) =) 3
≈ $742.49
3x
c i P (=
x ) $1.10 ( x − $25) + 49.99 (
g f (x) =) 3
ii P (525.99 ) ( )
g f (x) = x

= 1.10 (525.99 − 25) + 49.99 Since f=( g ( x )) (

f (x)
g= )
x , these are
= 601.079 ≈ $601.08 inverses.
3 Answer will vary. 3  4 x − 20 
d (
g h (x) = )
− −
4 3
+5

Exercise 2I 12 x − 60
1 
= (
g h (x) ) 12
+5
1 a (
f g (x) = )
−2  x + 2  + 2
2  ( )
g h (x) = x − 5 + 5
( )
f g ( x ) =− x − 4 + 2
g (h ( x )) = x
f ( g ( x ) ) =− x − 2
 3 
4  − x + 5  − 20
Since f ( g ( x ) ) ≠ x , these are not (
h g (x) ) = − 
4 
3
inverses.
−3x + 20 − 20
 x −3
3
( )
h g (x) = −
f g (x)
b= (
23
 )
 +3
2 
3
 3x
(
h g (x) = ) 3
 x − 3
= (
f g (x) 2 ) +3
 2  ( )
h g (x) = x
( )
f g (x) = x − 3 + 3
Since f=( g ( x )) (
f (x)
g= )
x , these are
f ( g ( x )) = x inverses.
2 x-intercept: 0 =−4 x + 2
(2 x 3
+3 −3)
(
g f (x) = ) 3

2 x =
1
2
2x 3
(
g f (x) = ) 3
2
1 
∴  ,0
2 
( ) x
g f (x) = 3 3
−4 ( 0 ) + 2
y-intercept: y =

g (f ( x )) = x y =2
∴ ( 0,2 )
Since f= ( g ( x )) (
f (x)
g= )
x , these are
inverses. Since you only need two points to graph a
line, you can switch the coordinates to
 x2 2  find two point that the inverse passes
c (
f g ( x=
) ) 3 + −2
 3 3  1
through:  0,  and (2,0 ) .
 2

© Oxford University Press 2019 8

 Worked solutions

3 a i & ii  −x + 5 
2

g −1 ( x ) 
=  ,x ≥ 0
 2 
Note 1: The domain restriction is
needed since the original function
g (x) =
−2 x + 5 would have the
same restriction.
Note 2: The inverse, g −1 ( x ) , can
be simplified further if desired:

( − x + 5)
2

y =
4
2
x − 10 x + 25
y =
4
iii f ( x ) =
−4 x 2 + 4 1 2 5 25
y = x − x+ ,x ≥ 0
4 2 4
−4 x 2 + 4
y =
c i & ii
−4y 2 + 4
x =
4y 2 =− x + 4
x
y2 =− +1
4
x
y 2 =± − +1
4
x
y =± − +1
4
x
f −1 ( x ) =± − +1 iii g : x →
1
x +6
4 2
b i & ii
1
y
= x +6
2
1
x
= y +6
2
1
y= x − 6
2
y 2 x − 12
=
g −1 ( x
= ) 2x − 12
4 a i Domain: x ≥ X or  X , ∞  or  X , ∞ )

Range: y ∈  or  −∞, ∞  or ( −∞, ∞ )

ii Domain: x ∈  or  −∞, ∞ 
iii g ( x ) =
−2 x + 5
or ( −∞, ∞ )
y =
−2 x + 5 Range: y ∈  or  −∞, ∞  or ( −∞, ∞ )
x =
−2 y + 5
iii Domain: x ∈  or  −∞, ∞ 
2 y =− x + 5
or ( −∞, ∞ )
−x + 5
y = Range: y > 3 or 3, ∞  or (3, ∞ )
2
2 iv Domain: x ≤ 1 or  −∞,1 or ( −∞,1
( y)  −x + 5 
2
= 
 2  Range: y ≤ 2 or  −∞,2 or ( −∞,2

© Oxford University Press 2019 9

 Worked solutions

b The domain of the function becomes −3 (1) − 6 ( −1) − 3

the range of its inverse, and the range g  f −1 ( −1) =
4
of the function becomes the domain of
its inverse. −3 + 6 − 3
g  f −1 ( −1) =
5 Answers will vary. In order for the 4
function to be a one-to-one function, the 0
inverse must be a function. g  f −1 ( −1) =
4
6 a f ( x ) = 2 x − 5 = 11
g  f −1 ( −1) =
0
2x − 5 =
11
2 x = 16 Exercise 2J
x =8 1
b f (x
= ) 2x − 5
y 2x − 5
=
x 2y − 5
=
2y= x + 5
x +5
y =
2
x +5
f −1 ( x ) =
2
11 + 5
c f −1 (11) =
2
16
2 a ( )
f f (x) = x
f −1 (11) =
2 3 − (3 − x ) =
x
f −1
(11) = 8 3−3+ x =x
d f ( x ) = 11 gives the same answer as x =x

f −1 (11) . b ( )
f f (x) = x

e f ( x=
) n= f −1 ( n) . −2 − ( −2 − x ) =x

7 f (x) =−2 x − 1 −2 + 2 + x =x
x =x
y =−2 x − 1
x =−2y − 1
c ( )
f f (x) = x

2y =− x − 1 1 1 
−  − x =
x
2 2 
−x − 1
y = 1 1
2 − −x =x
2 2
−x − 1
f −1 ( x ) = x =x
2
2 d f (x) =n − x, n ∈  is a self-inverse.
 −x − 1 
g  f −1 ( x ) = −3  
 2  3 (
f f (x) = x )
( − x − 1)
2
 −x − 2 
g  f −1 ( x ) = −3 − −2
4  5x + 1  =x
 −x − 2 
g  f −1 ( x ) = −3
(x 2
+ 2x + 1 ) 5
 5x + 1


+ 1
4
2
−3x − 6 x − 3
( x + 2) − 2 (5x + 1)
g  f −1 ( x ) = (5x + 1) (5x + 1)
4 =x
( −5x − 10) + (5x + 1)
−3 ( −1) − 6 ( −1) − 3
2

g  f −1 ( −1) = (5x + 1) (5x + 1)

4

© Oxford University Press 2019 10

 Worked solutions

x + 2 − 10 x − 2 Range: x ≥ −12.25 or 12.25, ∞ )

5x + 1 =x or 12.25, ∞ 
−9
5x + 1 g Domain: x ≥ 0 or 0, ∞ ) or 0, ∞ 
−9 x
= x Range: y ≤ 1 or ( −∞,1 or  −∞,1
−9
x =x h Domain: x ∈  or ( −∞, ∞ ) or  −∞, ∞ 
4 (
f f (x) = x ) Range: x ≥ 5 or 5, ∞ ) or 5, ∞ 

2
 2x − 4  3 a f (3=
) 32 − 6
−4
 x+m =x
 2x − 4  f (3)= 9 − 6
 x+m + m
  f (3) = 3
 4x − 8   x + m
 x + m  − 4 x + m f ( −2 ) =( −2 ) − 6
2
b
    =x
 2x − 4   x + m f ( −2 ) = 4 − 6
 x + m  + m x + m
   
f ( −2 ) =−2
4 x − 8 − 4 x − 4m
x+m =x c g ( −6 ) =−2 ( −6 )
2 x − 4 + xm + m2
x+m g ( −6 ) =
12

−4m − 8 d f (1) + h (2 )= (1)

2
−6−4
=x
2 x − 4 + xm + m2
f (1) + h (2 ) = 1 − 6 − 4
(
8 x 2 x − 4 + xm + m2
−4m −= )
f (1) + h (2 ) =
−9
−4m − 8= 2 x 2 − 4 x + x 2m + m2
−4m − 8 = (2 + m) x 2 − 4x + m2 e 2f ( 0 ) − 2g ( −1= (
) 2 02 − 6 − 2 −2 ( −1) ) ( )
0= 2 + m 2f ( 0 ) − 2g ( −1) =−12 − 2 (2 )
m = −2 2f ( 0 ) − 2g ( −1) =−12 − 4

Chapter review 2f ( 0 ) − 2g ( −1) =−16

1 a Yes
e Yes
b No
f Yes
c Yes
g Yes
d No
h No
f h ( 0 ) × f ( −1) = (
−4 ( −1) − 6
2
)
i Yes j Yes k Yes l No h ( 0 ) × f ( −1) =−4 (1 − 6 )
m No
h ( 0 ) × f ( −1) =−4 ( −5)
2 a Domain: {-5, -1, 0, 1, 4, 9}
Range: {-8, -1, 0, 1, 6, 9} h ( 0 ) × f ( −1) =
20
b Domain: {0, 2, 3, 4} g g ( x ) = −2 x
Range: {-2, 2, 3, }
y = −2 x
c Domain: {-8, -5, 0, 1}
x = −2y
Range: {-2, 2, 3}
d Domain: x ∈  or ( −∞, ∞ ) or  −∞, ∞  x
y =
−2
Range: y ∈  or ( −∞, ∞ ) or  −∞, ∞ 
x
g −1 ( x ) =
e Domain: −3 < x ≤ 3 or ( −3,3 −2

or  −3,3 −3
g −1 ( −3) =
−2
Range: −3 < x ≤ −1 or ( −3, −1
3
g −1 ( −3) =
or  −3, −1 2
f Domain: x ∈  or ( −∞, ∞ ) or  −∞, ∞  h ( ( −2x ) − 6
f g (x) = ) 2

© Oxford University Press 2019 11

 Worked solutions

(
f g (=
x) )
4x 2 − 6
(
g f (x) = ) 4x
2
4
x
i −1
f  g= ( x )  −2  − 6 ( )
g f (x) = x
 
x2 Since f=( g ( x )) g=(
f (x) )
x , these are
f  g −1 ( x
= ) −6
4 inverses.
x2
24 1  x − 2
f  g −1 ( x
= ) 4
−
4
b ( )
f g ( x ) =−
2

4 
−4

x 2 − 24 −x + 2
f  g −1 ( x ) = (
g (x)
f = ) −4
4 8
4 a − x + 2 32
(
g (x)
f = ) 8
−
8
− x − 30
(
f g (x) = ) 8

( )
Since f g ( x ) ≠ x , these are not
inverses.
2
1 1
c (
f g (x) = )  2x +  + 4
2 4

1 2 1 
Domain: x ∈  or ( −∞, ∞ ) or  −∞, ∞ 
(
f g (=
x) )  4x + x +
2
+4
16 

Range: y ≥ −2 or  −2, ∞ ) or  −2, ∞  1 2 1 

(
f g (=
x) )  4x + x +
2
+4
16 
b
1 1
( )
f g ( x ) = 2x 2 +
2
x+
32
+4

( )
Since f g ( x ) ≠ x , these are not
inverses.
 3+ x 
2 +3
3x − 2 
d (
f g (x) ) = 
 3+ x 
3  −1
 3x − 2 
6 + 2x
+3
(
f g (x) ) = 3x − 2
9 + 3x
−1
3x − 2
Domain: x ∈  or ( −∞, ∞ ) or  −∞, ∞  6 + 2x 9x − 6
+
Range: y ≥ −8.38 or  −8.38, ∞ ) (
f g (x) ) = 3x − 2 3x − 2
9 + 3x 3x − 2
−
or  −8.38, ∞  3x − 2 3x − 2
 x − 2 11x
5 a (
f g (x) = )
−4  − +2
 4  (
f g (x) ) = x −2
3
11
( )
f g (x) = x − 2 + 2 3x − 2
11x
f ( g ( x )) = x (
f g (x) = ) 11
( −4x + 2) − 2 ( )
f g (x) = x
( )
g f (x) = −
4
 2x + 3 
4x − 2 + 2 3+
(
g f (x) = ) 3x − 1 
4 (
g f (x) ) = 
 2x + 3 
3 −2
 3x − 1 
© Oxford University Press 2019 12
 Worked solutions

 2x + 3  9 For a function to be a self-inverse, we

3+
(
g f (x) ) =

 3x − 1  must show that f f ( x ) = x : ( )
 6x + 9 
 3x − 1  − 2 3
  (
f f (x) = − )  3
9x − 3 2x + 3 − x 
+  
(
g f (x) ) = 3x − 1 3x − 1 −x
6x + 9 6x − 2
− ( )
f f ( x ) =−3 ×
3
3x − 1 3x − 1
11x (
f f (x) = x )
(
g f (x) ) = 3x − 1
11 10 a −24 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 26 A1A1
3x − 1 b f ( x ) ={−4, −2, 0,2, 4, 6} A1A1
11x
(
g f (x) ) =
11
c 0 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 100 A1A1

d 125 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 250 A1A1

(
g f (x) = x)
11 a f ( −2 ) =( 4 × −2 ) − 2 =−8 − 2 =−10
Since f=( g ( x )) f (x)
g= ( )
x , these are
M1A1
inverses.
g ( −2 ) =( −2 ) − 8 ( −2 ) + 15
2
b
1
6 a i −4 ii =4 + 16 + 15 =35 M1A1
2
c =
y 4x − 2
1  1
b −4 ≤ x ≤ or  −4,  x 4y − 2
=
2  2
c x +2
y = M1
4
x +2
f −1 ( x ) = A1
4
d x 2 − 8 x + 15 =
27 M1
2
x − 8 x − 12 =
0
( x − 10) ( x + 2) =
0 M1

x = 10 or x = −2 A1A1
3
12 a ( x ) 128  2  −=
f= 15 177 M1A1
 
b f ( −3) =128 ( −3) − 15 =−399 M1A1
( )
3
7 (f  g) ( x ) =− x 5 =g ( x ) + 2
f (=
15) 128 (15) −=
15 1905 A1

( g ( x ) + 2) Range is −399 < f ( x ) < 1905 A1

3 3
6
−8 x= 3

c Solving 128a − 15 =
1162.6 M1
−2 x 2= g ( x ) + 2
a = 9.2 A1
g (x) =
−2 x 2 − 2 13 a Domain is −3 ≤ x ≤ 3 A1A1

8 −1
f ( h( (2 ) )
( f  h ) ( −2) = −1 Range is −1 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 1 A1A1
b Domain is −1.5 ≤ x ≤ 5 A1A1
Since h (15) =−2, h−1 ( −2 ) =16
Range is −5 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 4 A1A1
( 1
f h(−= )
(2) f=
(16 ) 2 16 + 162 c Domain is 0 ≤ x ≤ 24 A1A1

f ( h( (2 ) ) = 2 ( 4 ) + 256
−1 Range is 0 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 12 A1A1
d Domain is −3 ≤ x ≤ 3 A1A1
f ( h( (2 ) ) = 8 + 256
−1

Range is 0 ≤ f ( x ) ≤ 9 A1A1
f ( h( (2 ) ) = 264
−1
14 a Solving 3x − 10 =
5 and 3x − 10 =
50
M1A1A1

© Oxford University Press 2019 13

 Worked solutions

Domain is 5 < x < 20 A1 2

17 a Range is f ( x ) ≠ − , (f ( x ) ∈ )
b (
ff (10 ) = f f (10 ) ) M1 3
A1
= f (20 ) A1 1 − 2x
b y =
= 50 A1 3x + 6
x + 10 1 − 2y
c f −1 ( x ) = M1A1 x =
3 3y + 6
d Range is 5 < f −1 ( x ) < 20 A1A1
x (3y + 6 ) =1 − 2y M1A1
15 a NOT a function, since, eg. the value of
3xy + 6 x =1 − 2y
x = 5 is related to more than one
co-ordinate on the y-axis A1R1 2y + 3xy =
1 − 6x
b This is a function. Each value of x is y (2 + 3x ) =−
1 6x
related to only one value for y
A1R1 1 − 6x
y =
c This is a function. Each value of x is 2 + 3x
related to only one value for y 1 − 6x
f −1 ( x ) = A1
A1R1 2 + 3x
d This is a function. Each value of x is
2
related to only one value for y c Domain is, x ≠ − , ( x ∈ ) A1
3
A1R1
k
Range is f ( x ) ≠ −2 , f ( x ) ∈ ( )
16 a=y +1
x −1 A1
k 18 a 2
x= 2 x − 1 M1
=x +1
y −1 x 2 − 2x + 1 =0
x ( y − 1) = k + y − 1 M1 ( x − 1)
2
0
= A1
xy − x = k + y − 1 A1 A1
x =1
xy − y = k + x − 1 b fg (=
x) (2x − 1)
2
A1
y ( x − 1) = k + x − 1
gf (=
x ) 2x 2 − 1 A1
k + x −1
y = (2x − 1)
2
= 2x 2 − 1 M1
x −1
k 4 x 2 − 4 x + 1= 2 x 2 − 1
=y +1 A1
x −1 2x 2 − 4x + 2 =
0
k x 2 − 2x + 1 =
1
f −= (x) x −1
+1 0

( x − 1)
2
0
= M1
So f is self-inverse
b Range is f ( x ) > 1 , f ( x ) ∈  A1A1 x =1 A1
19 a =
C 430 + 14.5P M1A1
c
b f ( p ) is a function since it passes the
vertical line test R1
c=
C 430 + 14.5p
C − 430
=p M1
14.5
p − 430
f −1 ( p ) = A1
14.5
1000 − 430
f −1 (1000 ) = 39.3
d=
14.5
M1
A1A1

© Oxford University Press 2019 14

 Worked solutions

She can therefore invite a maximum of 1

x2 − 3 =
39 people A1 9
e C = 430 + 14.5 × 16 = $662 M1
28
x2 =
662 9
= 41.375 A1
16
2 7
Katie will therefore need to charge a x = ± A1
3
minimum of $41.38 per head A1
1
20 a h ( x ) ≥ 2 , (h ( x ) ∈ ) A1 f gh ( x ) = x
M1A1
2 +1
x 1 1
b y= +2 > M1
3 2x + 1 17
y 2x + 1 < 17
x= +2
3
2x < 16 A1
3x= y + 6 M1A1
x <4 A1
y 3x − 6
=
23 a −8 ≤ p ( x ) ≤ 8 A1A1
h−1 ( x
= ) 3x − 6 A1
b p −1
(x) = 3
x , −8 ≤ x ≤ 8 , ( x ∈  )
x
+2 A1A1
c hh
= (x) 3 +2 M1A1
3 c Using GDC, or ex., solving x 3 = x
M1
x 2
= + +2 x = −1, x = 0 , x = 1 A1
9 3
d
x 8
= + A1
9 3
x
d + 2 = 3x − 6 M1
3
8x
=8
3
x =3 A1
e Because h ( x ) and h−1 ( x ) both
intersect on the line y = x R1

21 x 2 + 4 x + 11 = ( x + 2 ) − 15
2
M1A1

Therefore h ( x=
) x +2 A1 A1A1

g (x) = x 2
A1 3x + 5
24 a y =
4x − 3
f ( x=
) x − 15 A1
3y + 5
x =
22 a ( )
f ( x ) ∈  , f ( x ) ≥ −4 A1 4y − 3

b (g ( x ) ∈ ) , g ( x ) ≠ 0 A1 x ( 4y − 3) = 3y + 5 M1A1

c (h ( x ) ∈ ) , h ( x ) > 0 A1 4 xy − 3x = 3y + 5
4 xy − 3y = 3x + 5
1
d gf ( x ) = M1
(x 2
)
− 4 +1 y ( 4 x − 3) = 3x + 5

1 3x + 5
= A1 y = A1
2
x −3 4x − 3

e
1
=9 M1 So r ( x ) is self inverse
2
x −3
b rrrrrr
= (5) rrrr= (5 ) 5
(5) rr= M1A1

© Oxford University Press 2019 15

 Worked solutions

x 2 − 6 x + 13 = ( x − 3) + 4
2
25 a M1A1

Therefore k = 3 A1

b y = ( x − 3) + 4
2

x = ( y − 3) + 4
2

( y − 3)
2
=x − 4 M1A1

y − 3= x−4

y =3 + x−4

f −1 ( x ) =3 + x−4 A1

c The domain of f −1 ( x ) is x ≥ 4 ,
( x ∈ ) A1

The range of f −1 ( x ) is f ( x ) ≥ 3 ,

(f ( x ) ∈ ) A1

26 ( x − 3) = x 2 − 6 x + 9
2
M1

2 ( x − 3) = 2 x 2 − 12 x + 18
2
M1A1

2 ( x − 3) + 12 x = 2 x 2 + 18
2

Therefore g (=
x ) 2 x 2 + 12 x A1

© Oxford University Press 2019 16