Scribd
Upload
12 views

Mathematics (Factorization)

Uploaded by

christopher
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
12 views

Mathematics (Factorization)

Uploaded by

christopher
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

FACTORIZATION

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this presentation students should be able to:

● Define factorization and prime factorization.


● Differentiate between factors and multiples.
● Find the prime factors of a given integer.
● Express a number as a product of its prime factors.
● Factorize algebraic expressions.
● Factorize quadratic expressions in the form ax2 + bx + c.
● Factorize quadratic expressions in the form ax2 + bx + c using the quadratic formula.
● Factorize special polynomial forms like the difference of two squares and perfect
squares.
● Factorize quadratic expressions in the form ax2 + bx + c.
Factors
The factors of a number are those numbers, including 1 and itself, which can divide
exactly into the number.

The factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 and 24.

Worked Example 1:

a) Find the factors of 40

Solution:

40/1 = 1, 40/2 = 2, 40/4 = 10, 40/5 = 8, 40/8 =5, 40/10 = 4, 40/20 = 2, 40/40 = 1.

Therefore, the factors of 40 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 20 and 40.


Factors
Exercise 1:

1. List the factors of 88.


2. List the factors of 20
3. State the factors of 42
Prime Factors
The prime factors of a number are factors of the number which are also prime numbers.
We can write any number as a product of prime factors .

Worked Example 2:

1. Find the prime factors of 39?

Solution:

39/1 = 39, 39/3 = 13, 39/13 = 3, 39/39 = 1

The factors of 39 are 1, 3, 13 and 39.

However, the prime factors of 39 are 3 and 13.


Finding the Prime Factors of a given Integer
Exercise 2:

1. List the prime factors of each of the following integers:


a) 28
b) 36
c) 420
Multiples
The multiples of a number are the results of multiplying it by an integer.

Worked Example 3:

1. List the multiples of 7 ?

7 ✕ 1 = 7, 7 ✕ 2 = 14, 7 ✕ 3 = 21, 7 ✕ 4 = 28, 7 ✕ 5 = 35.

Solution :

The multiples of 7 are, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, etc.


Multiples
Exercise 3:

1. List the set of multiples of 3 between 5 and 29.


2. List the set of multiples of 10 between 20 and 80.
Video showing Multiples and Factors
Video showing Prime & Composite Numbers
Video showing Prime Factors
Factoring algebraic expressions
We factorize an algebraic expression by expressing them as the product of some of their factors.
When we use the distributive law to insert brackets in an expression, we are said to be
factorizing.
Recall: An operation is over another operation if a ✕ (b + c) = (a ✕ b) + (a ✕ c).
Worked Example 4:
1. 6x + 6y
Solution:
6x and 6y have a common factor of 6, as 6x = 6 ✕ x and 6y = 6 ✕ y.
Therefore 6 is the highest common factor of the two terms
6x + 6y = 6 ✕ x + 6 ✕ y
Video showing how to factorizing algebraic
expressions
Factoring algebraic expressions
Exercise 4:

1. 9x + 9y
2. mx + my
3. qx + qy
4. zx + zy
5. 5x + 5y
6. 7x + 7y
7. 64x + 16
8. 81y + 18
9. 4x - 2
10. 9x - 6
Factoring by grouping
In this method we are normally given four algebraic terms to factorize. We first group the
algebraic terms in pairs so that each of the pair of terms has a common factor The
common factor is then used to factorize each pair of terms. A common factor is then
found for the pair of factorized terms and then the process of factorization is completed.
This method can be seen on the next slide.
Factoring by grouping
Worked Example 5:
1. Factorize the following algebraic expression:
a) px + py = qx = qy
First we group in pairs
(px + py) + (qx + qy)
Next we factorize
p(x + y) + q(x + y)
Factorizing again, since (x+y) is a common to both terms.
(x + y) (p + q)
Video showing how to factorizing by grouping
Factoring by grouping
Exercise 5:

1. 3ax - 6ay + bx - 2by


2. 4px - 4py - 3qx + 3qy
3. mx + nx - my - ny
4. lm(5x - 1) + 3pq(5x - 1)
Factoring algebraic expressions in the form ax2 + bx + c
To factorize, we need to turn 15x2 - 7x - 2 back into (3x + 2) (5x - 1).

The expression 15x2 - 7x - 2 contains three terms:

● The x2 term, 15x2, is the product of the First terms in each bracket, 3x ✕ 5x
● The x term, +7x, is the sum of products of the Outer and Inner terms, 3x ✕ -1 and +2
✕ 5x
● The constant term, -2, is the product of the Last terms, +2 ✕ -1
Factoring algebraic expressions in the form ax2 + bx + c
● Worked Example 6:
1. Factorize 5x2 - 7x - 2.
Video showing how to factorize algebraic expressions
in the form ax2 + bx + c
Video showing how to factorize algebraic expressions
in the form ax2 + bx + c
Video showing how to factorize algebraic expressions in the
form ax2 + bx + c

Exercise 4:

1. 3x2 - x - 4
2. b2 + 5b - 24
3. x2 - 2x + 1

You might also like