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FW 2 - Differential Leveling Using An Engineer's Level

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6 views

FW 2 - Differential Leveling Using An Engineer's Level

Uploaded by

hansquimson2024
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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University of San Carlos

School of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering

Fieldwork No. 02

DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING USING AN ENGINEER’S LEVEL


Name : Weather :
Group No. : Place :
Designation : Time Start :
Instructor : Time End :
Class Schedule :

I. Objectives

By the end of the fieldwork, the student will be able to:

a. know how to set up and manipulate the engineer’s level;


b. identify and describe the different parts and functions of an engineer’s level;
c. learn the different technical terms associated with leveling works; and
d. determine the difference in elevation between two points on the ground.

II. Instruments and Equipment

1 unit – engineer’s level 1 pc – leveling rod 1 pc - measuring tape


1 pc – tripod 5 pcs – marking pin

III. Procedure

A. Instrument Demonstration

1. Identification of the different parts and functions of an engineer’s level


2. Setting up and leveling the engineer’s level
3. Leveling rod reading

B. Difference in Elevation Between Two Points

This activity will allow you to measure the difference in elevation between two
points on the ground and compute the elevation of points on the ground based on
other points whose elevation is known.

1. Designate an arbitrary point in the field as a reference point of the level route
as BM1 (Benchmark 1). Assume a certain elevation for BM1.

CE 2101L – Fundamentals of Surveying Laboratory 1st Semester, A. Y. 2023 - 2024 1


University of San Carlos
School of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering

2. Set up and level the instrument at a convenient location between BM1 and
the points whose elevations are desired. Take and record the rod reading on
BM1 (backsight).
3. The rodman then moves forward and positions the rod on top of the points
whose elevations are desired. Take and record the rod readings (foresights)
on those points.
4. Compute the corresponding elevation of the points.

C. Differential Leveling

1. Designate the initial or reference point of the level route as BM1 and the final
or terminal point as BM2.
2. Set up and level the instrument at a convenient location along the level
route. Take and record a backsight on BM1.
3. The rodman then moves forward along the level route to some well-defined
point TP1 (Turning Point 1).
4. Set up and level the instrument in a new position beyond TP1, then take and
record a backsight on TP1.
5. The rodman again, moves further ahead and establishes TP2. Take and
record a foresight on TP2.
6. The process is continued until a foresight is taken on the final point BM2.
Perform the necessary computations and show the customary arithmetic
check.

Remarks:

1. To reduce instrumental and natural errors, keep the backsight distance


approximately equal to the corresponding foresight distance.
2. The telescope bubble must be centered at the instant of sighting and the rod
must be held vertically and steady.
3. Turning points should be well defined such as the top of a firm rock, the top
of a fire hydrant, or a peg driven on the ground.
4. The tripod legs should be driven firmly into the ground and care should be
taken not to disturb the instrument after it is leveled.
5. When using an instrument equipped with stadia hairs, care must be
exercised to read the middle cross-hair.
6. The level is a delicate instrument, so care must be taken to protect it from
shock or sudden jolt and moisture.

CE 2101L – Fundamentals of Surveying Laboratory 1st Semester, A. Y. 2023 - 2024 2


University of San Carlos
School of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering

IV. Findings and Computations

1. List down and describe the different parts and functions of an engineer’s level.

2. Differentiate a level surface from a horizontal surface.

CE 2101L – Fundamentals of Surveying Laboratory 1st Semester, A. Y. 2023 - 2024 3


University of San Carlos
School of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering

3. Define the following:

a. Datum Line

b. Elevation of a Point

c. Backsight and Foresight

d. Turning Point (TP)

e. Benchmark (BM)

f. Height of Instrument (HI)

4. Tabulate your data and computations. You can still add/subtract rows depending on
your data.

Table 1.1. Leveling Notes

BS HI FS Elevation
Station Remarks
(m) (m) (m) (m)

CE 2101L – Fundamentals of Surveying Laboratory 1st Semester, A. Y. 2023 - 2024 4


University of San Carlos
School of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering

Sample Computations:

5. It is recommended to keep the backsight and foresight distance approximately equal


to reduce instrumental and natural errors. Identify the type of error involved in this
case and explain why and illustrate.

6. The telescope bubble must be centered at the instant of sighting and the rod must be
held vertically and steady. Explain the error involved in this case and illustrate.

CE 2101L – Fundamentals of Surveying Laboratory 1st Semester, A. Y. 2023 - 2024 5


University of San Carlos
School of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering

V. Conclusion

Define and explain the purpose and importance of leveling in surveying.

CE 2101L – Fundamentals of Surveying Laboratory 1st Semester, A. Y. 2023 - 2024 6


University of San Carlos
School of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering

VI. Sketch

1. Sketch and label the different parts of an engineer’s level including its accessories.
Show the elevation and plan view.

CE 2101L – Fundamentals of Surveying Laboratory 1st Semester, A. Y. 2023 - 2024 7


University of San Carlos
School of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering

2. Sketch what you did during the differential leveling operation.

CE 2101L – Fundamentals of Surveying Laboratory 1st Semester, A. Y. 2023 - 2024 8

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