Internal Combustion Engine

Module 5

Introduction to I.C. Engines and Classification

1. What is an Internal Combustion (I.C.) Engine? How does it differ from an External
Combustion Engine?
2. Classify I. C. Engines, and Describe working of all I. C. Engines.
3. Differentiate between Spark Ignition (SI) and Compression Ignition (CI) engines.
4. Difference between two-stroke and four-stroke engines.
5. Classify I.C. engines based on the number of cylinders and their arrangement.
6. Explain the difference between a naturally aspirated engine and a supercharged engine.
7. State the significance of the engine displacement, and how is it calculated?
8. State the different types of cooling systems used in I.C. engines.

9. Describe the working principle of a four-stroke engine, and explain each of its four
strokes.
10. Describe the working cycle of a two-stroke engine. How does it differ from a four-
stroke engine?
11. Describe the working cycle of a four-stroke SI (petrol) and CI (Diesel) engine.
12. State the advantages and disadvantages of two-stroke engines compared to four-stroke
engines?
13. Describe the concept of power stroke in a four-stroke engine and how it differs in a
two-stroke engine.
14. Describe the role of the exhaust and intake ports in a two-stroke engine.
15. Describe the role of the exhaust and intake valve in a four-stroke engine.
16. Describe the working of a piston in both two-stroke and four-stroke engines.
17. Describe the working of a various components in both two-stroke and four-stroke
engines.

16. Illustrate valve timing diagram for 2-stroke.

17. Illustrate valve timing diagram for 4-Stroke SI/CI engine.
18. State the consequences of improper valve timing in an engine?
19. Describe the relationship between the crank angle and the valve timing events in a four-
stroke engine.
20. What is a Valve Timing Diagram, and why is it important in the operation of an I.C.
engine?
21. How does the timing of valve openings and closings affect engine performance?

21. Differentiate the ideal and actual cycles in I.C. engines (SI/CI engines).
22. Describe the factors that cause deviations from the ideal cycle in an actual I.C. engine.
23. How does the compression ratio influence the fuel-air cycle and engine efficiency?
 24. Describe the effect of heat losses, friction, and other factors on the actual cycle of an
engine.

Fuel Supply, Ignition, Combustion, and Knocking in SI Engines

26. Describe the fuel supply system in a Spark Ignition (SI) engine. Describe working of
all fuel supply system.
27. Classify ignition systems used in SI engines. Describe working of all ignition systems
used in SI engines.
28. Describe the combustion in a Spark Ignition engine.
29. Describe knocking in an SI engine.
30. How does the air-fuel ratio affect combustion and knocking in SI engines?
31. What role does the compression ratio play in controlling knocking in SI engines?
32. Describe the phenomenon of "pre-ignition" and its effects on engine performance.
33. How can knocking be prevented in SI engines?
34. What is the significance of the octane rating of fuel in reducing engine knocking?

35. Illustrate Multi-Point Fuel Injection (MPFI) and Single point fuel injection system
(SPFI)
36. Differentiate MPFI and SPFI.
37. State the main components of an MPFI system, and how does it improve fuel
efficiency?
38. How does the MPFI system improve the emission control in SI engines?
39. Describe the role of the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) in controlling fuel injection in
MPFI systems.
40. State the advantages of MPFI over traditional carburetor systems in terms of engine
performance and fuel economy?
41. How does the air-fuel ratio sensor work in an MPFI system to maintain optimal
combustion?

Fuel Injection System, Combustion, and Detonation in CI Engines

41. Describe the role of a fuel injection system in a Compression Ignition (CI) engine.
42. Describe the fuel supply system in a CI engine. Describe working of all fuel supply
systems.
43. Describe the working of fuel injector in a CI engine, and what is its importance?
44. Differentiate between direct and indirect fuel injection in CI engines.
45. Describe the combustion process in a Diesel (CI) engine.
46. Describe the detonation in a CI engine, and how does it differ from knocking in SI
engines?
47. How does the injection timing affect the combustion and detonation in a CI engine?
48. Describe the role of turbocharging in a CI engine and how it helps to control detonation.
 Module 6

Engine Testing and Performance

1. Define brake horsepower (BHP) and explain its importance in engine performance
measurement.
2. Define efficiencies and various parameters/nomenclature used in I. C. Engine.
3. List the common performance parameters measured during engine testing.
4. Identify the typical constituents of exhaust gases in a Spark Ignition (SI) engine.
5. Name the main factors that influence specific fuel consumption (SFC), BSFC, ISFC in
an internal combustion engine.

5. Explain the relationship between engine speed and power output.

6. Describe how engine load affects brake thermal efficiency (BTE).
7. Summarize the key differences in performance characteristics between SI and CI
engines.
8. Explain why volumetric efficiency is an important parameter in engine performance
testing.

9. Describe the heat balance sheet for I.C. Engine.

10. State the specific fuel consumption (SFC) formula to calculate the efficiency of an
engine at different load conditions.
11. Demonstrate how changes in engine speed can affect power output and specific fuel
consumption.

12. Compare the effects of engine load and speed on the specific fuel consumption and
power output of an engine.
13. Analyse the impact of compression ratio on the performance parameters of both SI and
CI engines.
14. Investigate the factors that contribute to mechanical and volumetric efficiency in
internal combustion engines.

15. Evaluate the role of turbocharging and supercharging in improving engine

performance, specifically in relation to fuel efficiency and power output.
16. Critically assess the effect of a higher compression ratio on fuel efficiency and knocking
in engine.

17. State the methods of improving engine performance based on load and speed variations.
Engine Emission and Control

19. Define the main sources of engine emissions in both SI and CI engines.
20. List the primary constituents found in the exhaust gases of a Compression Ignition (CI)
engine.

21. Describe the environmental impact of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides
(NOx) in engine emissions.
22. Explain the significance of Euro 6 and Bharat Stage VI emission standards in reducing
vehicular emissions.
23. Describe the implementation time line for Euro norms and Bharat Stage.
24. Summarize the role of catalytic converters in reducing harmful emissions in Spark
Ignition (SI) engines.

24. Apply the concept of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) in controlling NOx emissions
in both SI and CI engines.
25. Demonstrate the effect of using alternative fuels (CNG, ethanol) on the emissions
produced by a Spark Ignition (SI) engine.
26. State the methods to control engine emissions.