Mod 3

Sections of Solids

G Rajesh
Asst. Professor(Sr. Gr.)
 Sectional Views
• The internal hidden details of the object are shown in orthographic
views by dashed lines.

• The intensity of dashed lines in orthographic views depends on the

complexity of internal structure of the object.

• If there are many hidden lines, it is difficult to visualize the shape of

the object
– unnecessarily complicated and confusing.

• Therefore, the general practice is to draw sectional views for complex

objects in addition to or instead of simple orthographic views.

• A sectional view, as the name suggests, is obtained by taking the

section of the object along a particular plane. An imaginary cutting
plane is used to obtain the section of the object.
NECESSITY
OF
SECTION
VIEW
 Theory of Sectioning
• Whenever a section plane cuts a solid, it
intersects (and or coincides with) the edges
of the solids.
• The point at which the section plane
intersects an edge of the solid is called the
point of intersection (POI).
• In case of the solids having a curved
surface, viz., cylinder, cone and sphere,
POIs are located between the cutting plane
and the lateral lines.
 True Shape of Sections
• A section will show its true shape when viewed in normal
direction.

• To find the true shape of a section, it must be projected on a

plane parallel to the section plane.

• For polyhedra, the true shape of the section depends on the

number of POIs. The shape of the section will be a polygon of
the sides equal to the number of POIs.

• The true shape of the section of a sphere is always a circle.

• The sections of prisms and pyramids are straight line segmented

curves.

• The sections of cylinders and cones will mostly have smooth

curves.
 Types of Cutting Planes and Their Representation
• A cutting plane is represented by a cutting plane line
• The cutting plane line indicates the line view of the cutting plane.
• The two ends of the cutting plane line are made slightly thicker and provided with arrows.
• The direction of the arrow indicates the direction of viewing of the object.
• In the first-angle method
of projection, the direction
of the arrows is toward the
POP, i.e., toward XY (or
X1Y1).
• Types of section planes
• Vertical Section plane
• Horizontal Section
Plane
• Profile Section plane
• Auxiliary Section
plane
• Oblique Section plane
 Hatching of the Sections
• The surface created by cutting the object by a section plane is called as section.

• The section is indicated by drawing the hatching lines (section lines) within
the sectioned area.

• The hatching lines are drawn at 45° to the principal outlines or the lines of
symmetry of the section

• The spacing between hatching lines should be uniform and in proportion to

the size of the section.
2H

H or
HB
 Hatching of the Sections
Hatching

The spacing between lines may vary from 1.5 mm for small sectioned areas to
3 mm for large sectioned areas.
 SECTIONAL VIEW – PARALLEL TO H.P AND PERPENDICULAR TO V.P
A cube of 40 mm sideis cut by a horizontal section plane, parallel to
H.P at a distance of 15 mm from the top end. Draw the sectional top
view and front view
Types of Sectional Planes and Sectional Views
 Typical Section Planes &Typical Shapes of Sections.

Section Plane Ellipse Section Plane Hyperbola

Section PlaneTriangle Through Generators Section Plane Parallel
to end generator. Parallel to Axis.
Through Apex

Ellipse Trapezium

Cylinder through Sq. Pyramid through

generators. all slant edges
 o’
3
20
1’ 2’ 4’ 5’
3’
A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm
60
and axis length 60 mm rests on the HP on
its base in such a way that one of its base
edges is parallel to VP and the solid axis
VP
perpendicular to HP. A section plane X
a’ e’ b’ d’ c’ HP Y

parallel to the ground and perpendicular e

d
to VP cuts the solid axis at a distance of 20
4
mm away from the vertex. Draw its front 2

1 5
view and sectional top view. a
3 c

30
b
26 Front view True shape

A square pyramid of base side 50 mm and

height 65 mm is resting on HP with a base
edge parallel to VP. It is cut by a plane
perpendicular to VP, inclined to HP in such a
way that the true shape is a trapezium of
sides 40 mm and 20 mm. Draw the projection
and the find the angle of the cutting plane.
Also draw the true shape of the section

Sectional top view

10

A hexagonal pyramid of base side 30

mm and height 60mm rests vertically True shape

on its base on the ground with two of

Front view
its base sides parallel to VP. Is is cut by
a sectional plane inclined at 30° to HP
and perpendicular to YP and meeting
the axis at the midpoint. Draw the
front view, the sectional top view and
the true shape of such a section of the
pyramid Sectional top view
 True shape
9

A pentagonal pyramid, side of base 30

mm and height 52 mm, stands with its
Front view
base on HP and an edge of the base is
parallel to VP and nearer to it. It is cut
by a plane perpendicular to VP,
inclined at 40° to HP and passing
through a point on the axis, 32 mm
above the base. Draw the sectional top Sectional top view

view and true shape of the section.

 51 61

12 41
True shape
31
71

81
21
A cylinder of diameter 50 mm and 91
11 101
111
height 60 mm rests on its base on HP. (7’)

a’ j’(d’) 6’ g’

It is cut by a plane perpendicular to VP (8’) 5’

15
4’
(9’)
and inclined at 45°to HP. The cutting 3’ (10’)
2’ 60
plane meets the axis at a distance of 15 1’ (11’)

mm from the top face. Draw the

VP

sectional plan and true shape of the X HP Y

10 j 9 8i
k
section. 7
Φ50
11 l h

a g
1

2b f

Sectional top view 6

3 c 5e
d
4
A Cone base 75 mm diameter and axis 80 mm long is resting on its base on H.P. It is cut by a section plane
perpendicular to the V.P., inclined at 45º to the H.P. and cutting the axis at a point 35 mm from the apex.
Draw the front view, sectional top view, sectional side view and true shape of the section. (LAB QUESTION
: COMMON)

X1

o’

35
g’
f’
e’ h’
i’
d’
j’
c’
k’

b’
a’ l’

2 3 4 5 6 Y
X 1 12 11 10 9 8 7

4
3 5
2 c
d
6
b e
f
a
o g
1 7
h

l i
12 k j 8

11 9
10 Y1
Thank you