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Differentiation of Algebraic Functions

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8 views

Differentiation of Algebraic Functions

Uploaded by

Meryl Rodriguez
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Differentiation of Algebraic Functions

Differentiation – process of finding the derivative of a function (algebraic, trigonometric,


exponential or logarithmic)
- it is an important mathematical tool which involve change and motion.

The Symbol ∆

Any change in a variable quantity is called an increment (usually denoted by the symbol
delta, “∆”). So, ∆x denotes the increment of x.

Suppose y = f(x). A change ∆x in x produces a corresponding change ∆y in y such that:

y + ∆y = f(x + ∆x)
∆y = f(x + ∆x) – y
∆y = f(x + ∆x) – f(x)

The Derivative of a Function

∆𝑦 𝑓(𝑥+ ∆𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥) ∆𝑦
= where is the measure of the rate at which y is changing
∆𝑥 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥
with respect to x for the interval x

Suppose we regard x as fixed and then let ∆x vary and approach zero. Then we define the
expression:

∆𝑦 𝑓(𝑥+ ∆𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥)
lim or lim as the instantaneous rate of change of f(x) at x
∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥
or simply the rate of change of f(x) at x.

∆𝑦
If the difference quotient has a limit L, then that number L is called the derivative of y with
∆𝑥
𝑑𝑦
respect to x and this derivative is usually denoted by the symbol .
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑓(𝑥+ ∆𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥)
= lim (equation for long method of differentiation)
𝑑𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥

Check your Progress/Exercises:

Find the derivative using the incremental or long method:


1. y = 4x2 – 5x
2. y = x3 + 2x
3. y =4√𝑥
4. y = 6/x
3
5. y = √𝑥
Rules for Differentiation

Find derivatives of functions more rapidly using the following differentiation formulas:

𝑑
(𝑐 ) = 0 (The Constant Rule) where c is any constant
𝑑𝑥

𝑑
(𝑥 ) = 1 (The Identity Function Rule)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(𝑐𝑢) = 𝑐
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
(𝑢 + 𝑣) = + (The sum rule)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢𝑣) = 𝑢 + 𝑣 (The product rule)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑 𝑢 𝑣 𝑑𝑥−𝑢𝑑𝑥
( ) = (The quotient rule)
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(𝑢𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 (The power rule)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Check your Progress/Exercises:

Find the derivative of the following functions:

1. y = 7 – x2 + 4x3
2. y = 3x4 + 5x3 – 2x2 – 8
3. y = (3x2 – 4x + 1)5
4. y = √5 − 6𝑥
3 4
5. y = √𝑥 + + √𝑥
𝑥
4𝑥−5
6. y =
2𝑥+1
7. y = (3x + 4)2(x-5)3
8. y = (2x + 5) √4𝑥 − 1
2𝑥−3 4
9. y = ( )
5𝑥+1
10. y = 4(√𝑥+ 1)5

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