Differentiation of Trigonometric Functions 𝑑

(Arccosu) =
−1 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑢2 𝑑𝑥

The following formulas are used for differentiating 𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢

trigonometric functions. The symbol u denotes an (Arctanu) =
𝑑𝑥 1+ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑥
arbitrary differentiable function of x.
𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑢
(Arccotu) =
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 1+ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑥
(sin u) = cos u
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
(Arcsecu) =
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑢√𝑢2 −1 𝑑𝑥
(cos u) = -sin u
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑢
(Arccscu) =
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥 𝑢√𝑢2 −1 𝑑𝑥
(tan u) = sec2 u
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Ex: Find dy/dx if
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(cot u) = -csc2 u
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1. y = Arcsin3x
1 𝑑
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 dy/dx = (3x)
(sec u) = secutanu √1−(3𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝟑
𝑑
(csc u) = -cscucotu
𝑑𝑢 dy/dx =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 √𝟏−𝟗𝒙𝟐

𝑥
Ex: Find dy/dx if 2. y = Arctan
4
1 𝑑 𝑥
1. y = sin4x dy/dx = 𝑥 ( )
1+ ( )2 𝑑𝑥 4
𝑑 4
dy/dx = cos4x (4𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1/4 1 1
= = 16 𝑥2
= 16+ 𝑥2
= cos4x (4) 2
1+ 𝑥16 4(16+ 16 ) 4( 16 )
dy/dx = 4cos4x 1
= 16+ 𝑥2
2. y = sin34x 4
𝑑
dy/dx = 3sin24x (𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝟒
= 3sin24xcos4x
𝑑
(4𝑥) dy/dx =
𝑑𝑥 𝟏𝟔+ 𝒙𝟐
= 3sin24xcos4x (4)
dy/dx = 12sin24xcos4x Differentiation of Logarithmic Functions

3. y = tan45x The following formulas provide the rules for finding

𝑑
dy/dx = 4tan35x (𝑡𝑎𝑛5𝑥) the derivatives of logarithmic functions. In these
𝑑𝑥
= 4tan35xsec25x (5) formulas, u is function of x.
dy/dx = 20tan35xsec25x
𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
(logbu) = (logbe)
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
Differentiation of Inverse Trigonometric
Functions 𝑑
(lnu) =
1 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑥

The following formulas are used for differentiating

Properties and Laws of Logarithm
inverse trigonometric functions. The symbol u denotes
If ab = c, then logac = b
an arbitrary differentiable function of x.
If 10a = b, then log10 b = a or log b = a
𝑑 1 𝑑𝑢
(Arcsinu) = 1. loga MN = logaM + logaN
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑢2 𝑑𝑥
𝑀
2. loga = logaM - logaN
𝑁
3. loga MN = N logaM Differentiation of Exponential Functions
4. loga a = 1
5. loge a = ln a The following formulas are used to find the
6. logee = ln e = 1 derivatives of exponential functions.
7. ln ea = a
8. elna = a 𝑑
(au) = au (lna)
𝑑𝑢
where: a is any
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
constant
Ex: Find dy/dx if
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
1. y = log5(4x + 3) (eu) = eu
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
u = 4x + 3, b = 5
dy/dx =
1
(log5 e)(4) Ex: Find y’ if
4𝑥+3

1. y = 42x
𝟒(𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟓 𝒃)
dy/dx = u = 2x
𝟒𝒙+𝟑
𝑑
y’ = 42x(ln4) (2x)
𝑑𝑥
2. y = log √2𝑥 + 5 y’ = 42x(ln4)(2)
u = √2𝑥 + 5, b =10 y’ = 42x(2ln4) = 42x(ln42)
1 log 𝑒
y’ = (log e)(1/2)(2x+5)-1/2(2) = y’ = 42x(ln16)
√2𝑥+5 (√2𝑥+5)(√2𝑥+5)

𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝒆
y’ = 𝟐𝒙+𝟓 2. y = esinx
u = sinx
𝑑
3. y = ln (x + 3)4 y’ = esinx · (sinx)
𝑑𝑥
u = (x + 3)4 or y = 4 ln(x +3)
1
y’ = esinx (cosx)
y’ = (𝑥+3)4 · (4)(x + 3)3(1) u=x+3
𝟒 1
y’ = 𝒙+𝟑 y’ = 4(𝑥+3)(1)
𝟒 The Hyperbolic Functions
y’ = 𝒙+𝟑
Certain combinations of the exponential
function ex and e-x occur frequently in mathematics,
4. y = ln 4x2
science and engineering. These functions are called
u = 4x2 or y = ln4 + lnx2
1 hyperbolic functions. They defined as follows:
y’ = 4𝑥 2 (8𝑥 ) y = ln4 + 2lnx
y’ = 2/x y’= 0 + 2(1/x)(1) 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
y’ = 2/x sinhx =
2

𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥
coshx =
Logarithmic Differentiation 2

Considering a function of the form y = uv 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥

where u and v are differentiable functions of x. The tanhx =
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥
derivative of y = uv is:
𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥
cothx =
𝑑 𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥
(uv) = uv · (vlnu)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
sechx =
Ex: Find dy/dx if 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥

1. y = xx 1
u = x, v = x cschx =
𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑥
𝑑
dy/dx = xx · (xlnx)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
where (xlnx) = x(1/x) + lnx = 1 + lnx
𝑑𝑥

dy/dx = xx (1 + lnx)
Differentiation of Hyperbolic Functions

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑢) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑢) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑢) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑢) = −𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑢 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
(𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑢) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑢 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Hyperbolic function identities:

1. cosh2x – sinh2x = 1
2. tanh2x + sech2x = 1
3. coth2x – csch2x = 1
4. sinh2x = 2sinhxcoshx
5. cosh2x = cosh2x + sinh2x
= 1 + 2sinh2x
= 2cosh2x - 1

Ex: Find y’ if
1. y = sinh (4x + 3)
𝑑
y’ = cosh(4x + 3) (4x + 3)
𝑑𝑥
y’ = cosh(4x + 3) (4)
y’ = 4cosh(4x + 3)

2. y = 3cosh24x
𝑑
y’ = 6cosh4x (cosh4x)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
(cosh4x) = sinh4x (4) =4sinh4x
𝑑𝑥

y’ = 6cosh4x (4sinh4x)
y’ = 24sinh4xcosh4x = 12(2sinh4xcosh4x)
y’ = 12sinh8x