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5 views

2 Variables

Uploaded by

noaaf1427sadon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PHCL 702101-3 :

Medical Statistics

Variables

Majed Algarni
Pharm.D, MSc, PhD
Variable: A characteristic that can be
measured or counted (ex. Age, Height)

Based on the nature of Based on the role


the varible Variables of the varible

Independent Dependent
Qualitative Quantitative
variable variable

Interval Continuous Vs.


Nominal Ordinal Vs. Ratio Discrete
Variables
❖ Independent variable (x): It is the factor
that could be manipulated or changed to
determine its relationship to an observed
phenomenon.
❖ It could be intentionally changed by the
investigator in an experiment.
❖ does not depend on the other variable.
It is the "cause" variable.
❖ It is always graphed on the x axis.
Variables
❖ Dependent variable (y):
The factor or condition that will change as a
result of the independent variable. It could be
measured or observed as data.
Its value depends on the independent
variable .
It is the "effect" variable. It is always graphed
on the y axis. It is the responding variable.
Independent Vs. dependent
❖ Independent vs. dependent

x axis y axis
Before After
Cause Effect (response)
Input Output
What u do What happens
Variables
❖ Controlled variable: Factors that kept
the same or unchanged in the
experiment.
Variables
❖ Does changing the temperature affects
the height that a bouncing ball may
reaches?
Cold Hot
Independent Vs. dependent
❖ Independent vs. dependent

x axis y axis
Before After
Cause Effect (response)
Input Output
What u do What happens
Variables
❖ Does changing the temperature affects
the height that a bouncing ball may
reaches?
Cold Hot
Variables
❖ Another Example.
Does the number of coffee cups per
day have an effect on the blood
pressure?
Variables

Based on the nature of Based on the role


the varible of the varible

Independent Dependent
Qualitative Quantitative
variable variable

Interval Continuous Vs.


Nominal Ordinal Vs. Ratio Discrete
Variables
❖ Qualitative variables are names.
❖ Qualitative variables categorized into:
1. Nominal (categorical): no order
ex. Gender, hair color.
2. Ordinal: Clear order, the order matters but
not the difference between values.
ex. Economic status (low, medium, high),
Pain score (1, 2, ..10).
Variables
❖ Quantitative variables are numeric (numbers).
❖ Quantitative variables divided into:

Interval and ratio or continuous and discrete

Interval variable: (Ex. temperature).


Ratio variable: ratio variable is the same as an
interval variable BUT it has an absolute or true
zero.
Ex. Height, weight.
Variables
❖ Discrete variable is distinct and separate
(counted).
Ex. When you roll a dice it can be any
number between 1 to 6. It can not be 7 or 1,3.

❖ Continuous variable can take any number


between the minimum and maximum value.
Ex. A height of a tree could be any number
between 0.5 meter and 10 meters.
It could be 5.56 meters.

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