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Updated Option 2 Solution

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11 views

Updated Option 2 Solution

Uploaded by

mufeedqcs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Updated Option 2 Solution - Step-by-Step Analysis with Formulas

This document provides the updated analysis for Option 2. All calculations and data are
based on the 'Processor File' and the '550 Group Project Report-5'. References are explicitly
cited for clarity and traceability.

1. Assumptions and Efficiencies


- Gas-fired hot water boiler efficiency: 85% (Processor File).

- Hot water coil efficiency: 85% (Processor File).

- Distribution system efficiency: 90% (Processor File).

- Emission factors:

- Electricity: 0.0113 kg CO₂/kWh (550 Group Project Report-5).

- Natural Gas: 49.87 kg CO₂/GJ (550 Group Project Report-5).

2. Energy Consumption Calculations


Heating Energy Demand:

- Total heating demand: 881,372 kWh (Processor File).

- Boiler input for heating:

Formula: Heating Demand / (Boiler Efficiency × Distribution Efficiency)

Calculation: 881,372 / (0.85 × 0.90) = 1,153,774 kWh

Ventilation Energy Demand:

- Ventilation demand: 264,281 kWh (Processor File).

- Boiler input for ventilation:

Formula: Ventilation Demand / (MAU Efficiency × Boiler Efficiency × Distribution


Efficiency)

Calculation: 264,281 / (0.85 × 0.85 × 0.90) = 406,828 kWh

Total Gas Consumption:

- Formula: Boiler Input for Heating + Boiler Input for Ventilation + DHW

- Calculation: 1,153,774 + 406,828 + 1,022,711.55 = 2,583,313.55 kWh

Electricity Consumption:
- Non-heating electricity: 290,069.72 kWh (Processor File).

3. Performance Metrics
Thermal Energy Demand Intensity (TEDI):

- Formula: (Boiler Input for Heating + Boiler Input for Ventilation) / Floor Area

- Calculation: (1,153,774 + 406,828) / 12,804.34 = 121.84 kWh/m²/year

Total Energy Use Intensity (TEUI):

- Formula: Total Energy Consumption / Floor Area

- Calculation: (2,583,313.55 + 290,069.72) / 12,804.34 = 224.01 kWh/m²/year

Greenhouse Gas Intensity (GHGI):

- Formula: ((Electricity Consumption × Electricity Emission Factor) + (Gas Consumption ×


Gas Emission Factor)) / Floor Area

- Electricity Emissions: 290,069.72 × 0.0113 = 3,278.79 kg CO₂

- Gas Emissions: 2,583,313.55 × 0.181 = 467,589.75 kg CO₂

- GHGI: (3,278.79 + 467,589.75) / 12,804.34 = 36.45 kg CO₂/m²/year

4. Cost Analysis
Electricity Costs:

- Formula: Electricity Consumption × Electricity Rate

- Calculation: 290,069.72 × $0.10 = $29,006.97

Natural Gas Costs:

- Formula: Gas Consumption × Gas Rate

- Calculation: 2,583,313.55 × $0.05 = $129,165.68

Total Annual Energy Cost:

- Formula: Electricity Cost + Natural Gas Cost

- Calculation: $29,006.97 + $129,165.68 = $158,172.65

5. Comparison with Step Code Targets


Step 3 Targets:

- TEDI ≤ 30 kWh/m²/year
- TEUI ≤ 120 kWh/m²/year

- GHGI ≤ 19.08 kg CO₂/m²/year

Performance of Option 2:

- TEDI: 121.84 (Fails to meet target)

- TEUI: 224.01 (Fails to meet target)

- GHGI: 36.45 (Fails to meet target)

6. Recommendations
Option 2 improves system efficiency but does not meet Step Code targets.
Recommendations include:

- Integrating renewable energy sources such as rooftop solar panels.

- Considering a hybrid system (e.g., air-to-water heat pump).

- Enhancing building envelope to reduce overall heating demand.

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