MIDTERM

UNDERSTANDING THE MODELS OF TEACHING LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION:

The study of literature aims to promote language development like vocabulary and structure.
It also helps one to achieve pleasure and satisfaction in reading while appreciating what has
been in one’s own time and space. This universality of literature makes at appealing to
everyone regardless of culture, race, sex, and time. As students engage in a literary piece,
their critical thinking is stimulated and mental process of abstract reasoning is enriched. In
the process of analyzing symbolisms, implied meanings, nuances, and messages, the reader’s
emotional powers are unraveled. As such, there is a need to anchor the analysis on literary
models to better understand how each literary piece presents peculiar ways on how one sees
life as evidenced by organization of ideas, form, structures and impressions.

Model - Models of teaching literature is like blueprints. They provide a general framework or
philosophy for how to teach literature. They outline the overall goals, principles, and key
aspects of the teaching process.
Approaches in Teaching Literature - are like tools. They are specific strategies or methods
used within a model to achieve the goals outlined by that model. Approaches are the
practical, hands-on techniques and activities used in the classroom.

1. Cultural Model
- Is related to information-based approach. Literature is a source of facts or information
to be put across to students by the teacher (teacher-centered approach).
- It stresses the role of literature in condensing values, ideas and wisdom that have
accumulated within a culture over historical periods.
- Students need to understand and search for political, literary, social and historical
context from the learned text.
- It assists students to understand and appreciate the different cultures and ideologies
of thoughts and feelings which are beyond their time and space. It is a traditional
approach, teacher-centered, and delivers information and facts to students.
Information-based approach
- Information-based approach gives knowledge and information to students.
- It is teacher-centered and demands a lot of teacher’s input in giving students various
contents of literary text like on historical, political, and cultural and social
background.
- Knowledge of literature is delivered as a source of information to students.
- It includes reading from the criticism or notes, explanations and lectures given by
teacher for examinations sake.
 2. Language Model
- Comprises paraphrastic approach, stylistic approach and language-based approach. It
integrates language and literature as a source to improve student’s language
proficiency while learning the language.
- It uses literature in teaching different functions of language like grammar, vocabulary
and language structures from literary texts o students.
- It helps to attain literature aesthetic aspect solely via expression and communication
quality of literature.
Paraphrastic Approach
- Paraphrastic approach is primarily paraphrasing and rewording the text to simpler
language or use other languages to translate it.
- Teachers use simple words or less complex sentence structure to make the original
text easy to understand.
- It is teacher-centered and does not contribute much interesting activities towards
students.
Stylistic Approach
- Stylistic approach implies literary critics and linguistic analysis.
- It is for students to appreciate and understand the literary text in deeper manner.
- It helps students to interpret the text meaningfully and develops language awareness
and knowledge.
- It analyzes the language prior to the elements of literary text.
Language-based Approach
- Language-based approach help students pay attention to the way the language is used
when studying literature.
- It is student centered and activity-based for productive use of language.
- It improves students language proficiency, and incorporates literature and language
skills among the students.
- It engages students more on experiences and responses. Role play, cloze, poetry
recital, discussions, forum and debate, dramatic activities, making prediction,
brainstorming, rewriting stories ending and summarizing are practiced in this
approach.

3. Personal-Growth Model
- Personal growth model comprises personal-response approach and moral
philosophical approach.
- It enables students to develop their language, character and emotions by connecting
and responding to the issues and themes to their lives.
- It encourages students to love and enjoy reading literature for personal development
as well as to relate their relationships to the environment.
Personal-Response Approach
- Personal approach encourages students to make sense of their experiences and
personal lives with text themes.
- It also promotes students to associate the subject matters of the reading texts with
personal life experiences.
- It engages the individual in literary text reading as personal fulfillment and pleasure
can be met while developing the language and literary competency.
- Brainstorming, small group discussions, journal writing, interpreting opinions, and
generating views from a text are practiced in this approach.
Moral Philosophical Approach
- Learners seek moral values from a particular literary text while reading it.
- It helps students to be aware of moral and philosophical values and identify them.
- Students need to go beyond the text for moral and philosophical inference.
- With this approach, teachers are able to direct students to achieve self-realization as
well as self-understanding while interpreting literary works.