YEKA SUB–CITY EDUCATION OFFICE

GEOGRAPHY MODEL EXAMINATION FOR GRADE 12

(GINBOT, 2013/MAY, 2021)
TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS
GENERAL DIRECTIONS

THIS TELEGRAM FOLDER CONTAINS GEOGRAPHY EXAMINATION. IN THIS

EXAMINATION, THERE ARE A TOTAL OF 100 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS. SELECT THE
BEST ANSWER AND WRITE THE LETTER OF YOUR CHOICE ON THE SEPARATE ANSWER
SHEET PROVIDED BELLOW.

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DIRECTIONS: Each of the following questions is followed by four possible alternative answers. Read
each question carefully and write the letter of your best choice on the answer sheet provided.
1. All of the following characterizes the times of the ancient Greeks and Romans EXCEPT
A. They recognized the spherical form of the earth
B. They created maps in the forms of globes
C. They developed map projection
D. They developed the mathematical method of map making
2. Which one is NOT the nature of topographic maps?
A. Conventional symbols C. Covers a relatively large area
B. A large-scale maps D. A detailed map
3. Which one of the following maps is used to show the population density of Ethiopia?
A. Choro schematic maps C. Dot maps
B. Choropleth maps D. Isopleth maps
4. Identify the wrong pair
A. Isotherm map  equal pressure
B. Isoneph map  equal cloud cover
C. Isohyet  equal rainfall distribution
D. Isodapane map  equal transportation cost
5. A map used to show the volume and direction of Ethiopia’s coffee exports is called
A. Graphs C. Chorochromatic maps
B. Arrow maps D. Diagrammatic maps
6. Which of the following map projection produce circular maps?
A. Planar C. Cylindrical
B. Conic D. Cone
7. Which one of the following is chronologically ordered from the earliest to the recent?
A. Ardi  Selam  Lucy C. Selam  Ardi  Lucy
B. Lucy  Selam  Ardi D. Selam  Lucy  Ardi

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 8. Which one of the following is correct about the absolute location of the horn?
A. The Horn has temperate climate
B. The Horn lies in the GMT + 3 time zone
C. The Horn is found in the Nile basin
D. The Horn is found in the northeastern Africa
9. What advantages does Ethiopia’s large size offer the country?
A. Homogeneous agroecological zone C. Similar ethnic group and culture
B. A large amount of arable land D. Limited wild animals and plant species
10. In which of the following extreme point, Ethiopia shares boundary with Kenya?
A. Badime B. Akobo C. Ogaden D. Moyalle
11. What is the type of countries shape that comprised many islands called?
A. Compact shape C. Truncated shape
B. Fragmented shape D. Elongated shape
12. Which of the following era is WRONGLY paired with the biological events that took place in the
horn?
A. Cenozoic Era  Dinosaurs C. Paleozoic Era  Invertebrates
B. Precambrian Era  Amoeba D. Mesozoic Era  Reptiles
13. In which of the following period the active volcano of Ertalle was formed?
A. Quaternary period C. Jurassic period
B. Tertiary period D. Triassic period
14. Among the following which one is CORRECT about the sedimentary rocks of Ethiopia and the
horn?
A. The Upper sandstone is the oldest sedimentary rock
B. The Adigrat sandstone is the most overlying rock
C. The Upper sandstone is the youngest and thinnest in the southeast
D. Hintalo limestone was formed in the Triassic period
15. The Abbay gorge was formed as a result of
A. A massive flood of pluvial period
B. Uplifting of the land in the quaternary period
C. Sinking of the land in the tertiary period
D. Transgression of the sea in the Triassic period

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 16. What are the two major rivers in the plateau of Eritrea?
A. Tekezze and Anghereb Rivers C. Barka and Mereb Rivers
B. Wabishebele and Genalle Rivers D. Baro and Akobo Rivers
17. In which of the following highlands of the horn the basaltic rocks have been eroded and the
sandstones and limestones are exposed?
A. The plateau of Arsi and Bale C. The plateau of Gojjam and Somalia
B. The plateau of Shewa and Sidama D. The plateau of Tigray and Hararghe
18. Which of the following is CORRECT about the southeastern highlands of the horn?
A. It is greatly eroded due to torrential rain
B. It is drained by Wabishebelle and Genalle Rivers
C. It is the wettest part of the horn
D. It extends from Benishangule to Gamo-Goffa
19. In which part of the North central massifs the land is less dissected?
A. The Gojjam Massif C. The Lasta Massif
B. The Wollo Massif D. The Semein Massif
20. Which one of the following areas is the source of the Awash River?
A. The plateau of Bale C. The Afar Block
B. The plateau of Shewa D. The Tendaho Graben
21. Which of the following is TRUE about the plateau of Arsi?
A. The plateau area consists of Kulu-Konta Highlands
B. The plateau increases by turning over and over
C. The plateau is dominated by mount Tulu-Dimtu
D. The plateau is significant producer of coffee
22. Which part of Ethiopian rift valley system consists of fossil rich sediments?
A. The Chew-Bahir Rift C. The Southeastern Sub-Division
B. The Afar Triangle D. The Main Ethiopian Rift
23. Which of the following is CORRECT about the central sub division of the Ethiopian rift system?
A. It is the most elevated part of the Ethiopian rift system
B. It is covered by the extensive salt plains
C. It is covered by extensive shallow marshy area
D. The Amaro mountain range split the rift in to two valleys

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 24. Which statement describes the lowlands of the horn?
A. They are elevated above 1000 masl
B. They occupy the central part of Ethiopia
C. They have relatively harsh climate
D. They constitute 56% of Ethiopia’s total area
25. Which one of the following lowlands of the horn is NOT found in Ethiopia?
A. The Ogaden Plains C. The Benadir Plains
B. The Borena Plains D. The Elkeri Plains
26. The Omo-Ghibe River terminate in which lake?
A. Lake Abbe C. Lake Turkana
B. Lake Chew-Bahir D. Lake Abbaya
27. Which one of the following is major tributaries of Awash River?
A. Guang River C. Jemma River
B. Gojeb River D. Borkena River
28. Which lakes in Ethiopia are the deepest and shallowest respectively?
A. Lake Tana and Lake Hashenge C. Lake shalla and Lake Ziway
B. Lake Shalla and Lake Tana D. Lake Tana and Lake Abbaya
29. What type of lake is formed when a sheet of lava dams up a shallow surface depression?
A. Watershed lake B. Crater lake C. Artificial lake D. Rift valley lake
30. In which part of Ethiopia, the highest and lowest elevations of the country are found respectively?
A. The Lasta Massif and the Omo-Ghibe lowland
B. The Semein Massif and the Afar Triangle
C. The Bale Massif and the Ogaden lowland
D. The Arsi Massif and the Borena lowland
31. Which one of the following is elements of weather and climate?
A. Humidity B. Altitude C. Latitude D. Distance from the sea
32. Which one is NOT the effect of the revolution of the earth and inclination of the earth’s axis?
A. It produces a change in the direction of the sun’s ray
B. It affects the length of the day
C. It results temporal variation of temperature
D. It produces change in temperature as altitude increase

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 33. Which of the following weather system have impact over Ethiopia and the horn in December,
January and February?
A. The Northeast Tradewinds C. The Equatorial Westerlies
B. The Equatorial Easterlies D. The Southeast Tradewinds
34. Which agroclimatic zones of Ethiopia is associated with low temperature?
A. Dega C. Woina Dega
B. Wurch D. Qolla
35. Which part of Ethiopia experiences merged Spring, Summer and Autumn Rainfall?
A. The Dallol Depression C. The Southeast Lowlands
B. The Northwest Highlands D. The Southeast Highlands
36. What type of vegetation dominates over the peripheries of Ethiopia?
A. Alpine Vegetation C. Semi-Desert Vegetation
B. Highland Forest D. Sub Afro-Alpine Vegetation
37. As Semein Fox is to the Bale and Semein highlands, Menilik’s Bushbuk is to
A. The Afar and Southeast Lowlands C. The Shewan and Bale highlands
B. The Nechsar Park and Snkalle D. The Semein and Arsi Highlands
38. Nechsar Park is at the verge of extinction, this is mainly due to
A. Rapid expansion of settlement C. Migration wild animals
B. Industrialization D. Frequent wild fire
39. Which of the sanctuaries below is established to protect elephants?
A. Sankele B. Babille C. Yabello D. Jikawo
40. Which statement describes afforestation conservation measure?
A. Planting trees on bare lands C. Adopting alternative source of energy
B. Planting trees after harvest D. Planting trees on urban areas
41. What is the type of soil that rivers have transported from highlands to lowlands?
A. Yermosols C. Cambisols
B. Fluvisols D. Luvisols
42. Which of the following is NOT among Malthus preventive checks to control rapid population
growth?
A. Having fewer children C. Avoiding sexual conduct before marriage
B. Late marriage D. Artificial methods of birth control

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 43. Which one of the following is typical feature of a rapidly growing population?
A. The dominance of old age population C. High life expectancy
B. A median age of 18 years D. Low age dependency ratio
44. Which one of the following is the most densely populated zone in Ethiopia?
A. Ghedeo C. Hadiya
B. Metekele D. Kamashi
45. Which of the following is NOT the main factor for the sparse population distribution in the
lowlands of Ethiopia?
A. The prevalence of tropical disease C. Irrigation agriculture
B. High temperature D. Low rainfall
46. Which one of the following economic activity is considered as “greedy of space”?
A. Mining C. Pastoralism
B. Manufacturing D. Agriculture
47. Fertility rate is high in Ethiopia due to
A. High level of family planning C. High social status of women
B. Late marriage of females D. High infant mortality rate
48. According to 2007 census, which regions of Ethiopia are the least and most urbanized
respectively?
A. Gambella and Addis Ababa C. Benishangule and oromyia
B. SNNP and Addis Ababa D. Dire Dawa and Addis Ababa
49. Which continents in the world has the smallest area size?
A. Africa B. Asia C. Europe D. Australia
50. On which sub-sphere of the earth human related phenomena are included?
A. Anthroposphere B. Lithosphere C. Hydrosphere D. Biosphere
51. Which one of the following schools of thought believes human activities are controlled by the
environment?
A. Environmental Possibilism C. Applied Geography
B. School of Determinism D. Quantitative Revolution
52. Which of the following refers to the use of geographic analysis to solve socio-economic problems?
A. Economic Geography C. Sociology
B. Historical Geography D. Applied Geography

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 53. Among the following contour lines which one indicate a cliff?
A. Evenly spaced contours C. Overlapping contours
B. Crossing contours D. Widely spaced contours
54. Which one of the following drainage patterns develop in areas where harder and softer rocks
alternates?
A. Dendritic drainage patterns C. Radial drainage patterns
B. Trellis drainage patterns D. Centripetal drainage patterns
55. Which one of the following characteristics of a river is different from the others?
A. Interlocking spurs C. Oxbow lake
B. Deep narrow valley D. Steep gradient
56. When conurbation and large cities converge, the resulting settlement is referred to as
A. Metropolis C. City
B. Hamlet D. Megalopolis
57. Which one of the following natural factors is responsible for the formation of linear settlement?
A. Plain areas C. Water resource
B. Ridge landform D. Grazing land
58. Which of the following settlement was chosen due to its physical protection from enemy?
A. Anko Ber B. Bahir Dar C. Wereta D. Mojo
59. Among the following towns which one serves as center of exchange of goods and services?
A. Commercial Towns C. Market Towns
B. Industrial Towns D. Communication Towns
60. Cartographers use a large vertical interval for areas with
A. Dissected landforms C. Rough terrain
B. Rugged terrain D. Plain relief
61. A narrow land which connects Africa with Asia is called
A. Strait of Gibraltar C. Isthmus of Suez
B. Strait of Bab-el Mandab D. Suez Canal
62. Which region of Africa is the most and least populous respectively?
A. Eastern and Southern C. Northern and Southern
B. Western and Northern D. Western and Eastern

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 63. Among the regions of Africa which one of the following has the most divers economy in the
continent?
A. Northern C. Western
B. Southern D. Eastern
64. Which of the following is TRUE about the geological history of Africa?
A. Pangea was broken during Cenozoic era
B. Basement complex rocks were formed during Paleozoic era
C. Cenozoic is the living era
D. The Ethiopian rift system was formed during Precambrian era
65. Which landform covers the largest portion of Africa?
A. Mountains B. Valleys C. Plains D. Plateaus
66. Which one of the following is NOT among the highest volcanic mountains of Africa?
A. Ruwenzori B. Elgon C. Kilimanjaro D. Ras Dejen
67. Identify the CORRECT pairing
A. Lake Albert  The Afar Triangle
B. Lake Victoria  The Malawi Rift Valley
C. Lake Abbe  The Eastern Rift Valley
D. Lake Tanganyika  The Western Rift Valley
68. Which of the following is CORRECT about the Great East African Rift Valley?
A. It has hot and wet climate
B. It is the most stable part of the continent
C. It is bounded by steep escarpments
D. It is part of the Atlantic Ocean Drainage Basin
69. Which one of the following is NOT among the reasons for low temperature condition in higher
altitudes of Africa?
A. In higher altitudes the air is very thin C. Atmosphere is heated by the earth
B. When the air rises it cools D. the region is close to the equator
70. Which of the following is CORRECT about warm ocean currents?
A. They have low moisture content C. They have cooling effect
B. They have high temperature D. They dominate northwestern Africa

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 71. Which one of the following regions receiving high rainfall throughout the year?
A. Mediterranean region C. Tropical desert
B. Highland region D. Equatorial region
72. The type of desert which have relatively cooler temperature in Africa is
A. Sahara Desert C. Atacama Desert
B. Kalahari Desert D. Colorado Desert
73. Which of the following winds bring rainfall to the Mediterranean climatic region?
A. The Southeast Winds C. The Easterly Winds
B. The Westerly Winds D. The Northeast Winds
74. Which one of the following rainfall types dominates the highlands of Ethiopia?
A. Orographic C. Frontal
B. Conventional D. Cyclonic
75. Which of the following ocean current is mainly responsible for the temperature and rainfall of
tropical maritime climate?
A. The Mozambique Warm Current C. The Canary Cold Current
B. The Benguela Cold Current D. The Falkland Warm Current
76. --------- is the process whereby soil loses its ability to retain moisture and causing famine
A. Drought C. Deforestation
B. Desertification D. Degradation
77. Among the following which one indicates river and its destination?
A. Nile River  Indian Ocean C. Niger River  Atlantic Ocean
B. Congo River  Mediterranean Sea D. Orange  Red Sea
78. Which one of the following rivers of Africa loses much of its total runoff through evaporation and
seepage?
A. Congo River B. Volta River C. Nile River D. Gambia River
79. Which of the following Ethiopian river is navigable for a good part of its course?
A. Abbay River B. Ghenalle River C. Dabus River D. Baro River
80. In which region of Africa is the thorn scrub savanna developed?
A. Highland Region B. Sahel Region C. Equatorial Region D. Monsson Region

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 81. Which statement describes the desert and semi desert vegetation zone of Africa?
A. Covers the wettest part of the continent
B. The plants are called xerophytes
C. They are empty of natural vegetation
D. They contain broad-leaved evergreen trees
82. Which of the following wild animals’ conservation method is best to reduce people who kill
animals to be honored by the society?
A. Establishing national parks C. Raising the people’s awareness
B. Changing the economic condition of the people D. Establishing game reserves
83. Which one is the most densely populated area in southern Africa?
A. Kuwa Zulu Natal Region C. Namib Desert
B. Okovango Swampy Area D. Cape Province
84. Which of the following maps are used to show the distribution of average values?
A. Isoplethic maps C. Choroplethic maps
B. Flow maps D. Chorochromatic maps
85. Among the following which one is major reason that influence people to have more children in
Africa?
A. Better access to contraceptives C. High level of illiteracy
B. High status of women D. Improved living standard
86. Which one is characteristics of African population?
A. Low fertility rate C. Low median age
B. Slow population growth rate D. High dependency ratio
87. Recently which one of the following is the major pushing factor of migration in Ethiopia?
A. Drought B. Foreign aggression C. Natural hazards D. Ethnic tension
88. The science that studies how research is done scientifically is termed as
A. Research Technique C. Research Methodology
B. Research Method D. Research Project
89. What type of research approach is used to study the effects of distance on transportation cost?
A. Experimental Approach C. Simulation Approach
B. Inferential Approach D. Model Approach

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 90. When dose geographic research has began to focus on the spatial distribution of geographic
phenomena?
A. In the 17th Century C. In the 20th Century
B. In the 18th Century D. In the 21st Century
91. Leaching is the dominant soils problem in
A. Gonder B. Goba C. Gore D. Gode
92. Parallels make arcs of concentric circles in case of
A. Zenithal Projection C. Conic Projection
B. Azimuthal projection D. Cylindrical Projection
93. Which of the following is periodic counting of the entire population of a given country?
A. Census B. Sample survey C. Vital registration D. Numeration
94. Which one of the following countries is among the leading producers of coffee in Africa?
A. Cote D’ ivory B. Mali C. Mauritius D. Sudan
95. Which one of the following rivers of Africa flows to the Indian Ocean?
A. Ghenalle B. Awash C. Abbay D. Omo
96. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about the Tropical Rainforest Region?
A. It is found in the northern and southern tips of Africa.
B. It is also known as broadleaf evergreen region.
C. It largely consists of soft wood trees.
D. It is characterized by low annual rainfall.
97. As the kariba dam is to the Zambezi river, the kaindji dam is to
A. Nile B. Volta C. Congo D. Niger
98. Which of the following areas of Ethiopia usually receives rainfall throughout the year?
A. The South Eastern Highlands C. The South Eastern Lowlands
B. The North Western Lowlands D. The South Western highland
99. Which of the following is an example of an inland drainage system?
A. The Nile Basin C. The Chad Basin
B. The Congo Basin D. The Limpopo Basin
100. Which one of the following is a desert forest?
A. Mahogany B. Cactus C. Green heart D. Wild olive

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