WRITING TEMPLATES

Task 1.
I.Chart
1. Trend
Paraphrase: diagram/chart/line chart;show/compare/ indicate/ illustrate;
percentage/ proportion/ figure/rate; from…to…/between…and…;
(number)+N/ different+N
Overall, (general trend+ highest/ lowest)
Chia theo giai đoạn hoặc theo nhóm đối tượng nếu có nhiều dữ liệu
Cohesion: next, then, after that, subsequently, in terms of,…,
Nếu có nhiều dữ liệu thì phải so sánh với nhau: in contrast, there was a similar
trend…, the figure for/of … saw similar/ opposite changes in (time)
Dùng nhiều mệnh đề quan hệ và rút gọn mđqh: followed by +N; clause, V-ing;
clause, after which + clause
(time)/ the figure saw a/an + N
Having done, clause
Increase/rise/grow < soar/jump/surge
Decrease/ decline/sink < plunge/plummet
Upward trend >< downtrend
Reach a peak of/ peak at >< hit a trough of
Fluctuate
Remarkable/significant/sharp/tremendous/dramatic/wild(fluctuation): mạnh
Steady/gradual: dần dần
Slight/marginal/insignificant: nhẹ
About/around/approximately/nearly/roughly: xấp xỉ
Double, triple, quadruple, quintuple (v,adj): gấp đôi, ba, bốn, năm
In+ năm, the following year, at the end of the period examined
*Future:
To be likely to/ be expected to/ be predicted to/ be projected to/ be anticipated to
(dùng ở thể bị động)
A prediction for/ an estimation for/ a projection of

2.No trend
Paraphrase: diagram/chart/bar/pie/table ;show/compare/ indicate/
illustrate; percentage/ proportion/ figure/rate/data
Sector: lĩnh vực, ngành
Overall, highest+ điểm chung/ so sánh những nổi bật nếu có nhiều dữ liệu
Chia lĩnh vực thành 2 đoạn để ptich
Cohesion: In contrast, in term of, compared with, although, while, however,
whereas…
Emailing was an activity carried out by around 90% of all home internet users.
=>Around 90% of all home user used the internet for emailing
=>emailing account for 90% of all home internet users
The proportion of…/percentage of…/ the figure + was/totaled/account for + %
…% of …+ V + ….
One quarter/ two thirds/ … of thay cho số %
Among/for + nhóm người
a much higher percentage of…in…than…in…, more than double
The N was highest, at ..., followed by N2 (data) and N3 (data)
The N far exceeded that of N2, with respective figures being (data) and (data2)
N1 consume/ use three times/ twice as much/ many ... as N2 almost over the
period
The figure for N1 and N2 is equal/ the same/ similar, at…%
The figure for N1 was ..., compared to ... in N2
II. Process
The chart/ diagram illustrates the different steps/ stages involved in the
process of …./ how … was…
Overall, up to/ a total of …steps/ stages are shown in this …. process,
beginning with… and ending with…
Chia theo giai đoạn hoặc theo nhóm nếu ra nhiều sản phẩm thành 2 đoạn để
phân tích
Firstly, then, next, at the next stage, after , before, finally
Subsequently/ at the ( số thứ tự ) stage,…
After+ Ving,…
S is next/ then + P2, after/ before + being P2
The process continue with…
To produce = for producing = in the production of
Undergo+N/Ving= pass through the process of + N/Ving
The P2 + N
Dùng cực nhiều cấu trúc bị động nếu là process nhân tạo
Produce, generate, manufacture, create …
Expand with mục đích (so that, to ensure that, to be ready for ...), phương tiện…
III. Map
The diagrams/plans show/illustrate/dedicate the changed layout of …
from…to…/over the period…to…
Overall, the (place) underwent a number of dramatic changes, the most
important of which is/ are the development of/ the expansion of/ the
rearrangement of ...
In the center/ north/ southern section/...of…,
There used to be…. but it was then removed/ redeveloped to make way for…
The southern section also witnessed a number of changes, with A being turned
to B, and C being converted to D.
Was added
remained unchanged
In/by+ năm
Expand with mục đích, vị trí
with a door/path leading to…
In the north/ other … side of…( ở phía bên … của …)
On the left/right
At the top/foot of the plans/ diagrams
To be in the north of (hà nội); to be to the north of (trung quốc)
Task 2.
1.Opinion
It is acknowledged that .... While it is a fact that this opinion depends on
particular circumstances, (in this essay, I will challenge this school of thought)/
(from my perspective, I completely agree with this viewpoint)
In conclusion, ...due to the aforementioned reasons, I strongly believe that….
2. Discuss
2.1. Discuss both view ( and give opinion )
When it comes to ..., there are divided opinions. Some people acknowledge
that..., while others believe ... (However, from my perspective, I would agree
with the former/ later viewpoint.)/ Both of these perspectives will be discussed
in this essay.
- On the one hand, the option to ... is beneficial in several ways.
- On the other hand, there are a variety reasons why ... is attractive/ (I
believe that … is attractive for a variety of reasons)
In conclusion, each of these opinions certainly has some validity, (it seems to
me that the thought of … is superior as it provides the public with more
benefits)/còn không hỏi opinion thì lại paraphrase 2 quan điểm trên.
2.2. Discuss the advs and disadvs (and give your own opinion/ ad or dis
outweight?)
It is acknowledged that...Admittedly, there are both benefits and drawbacks to
this tendency/option, which will be discussed in this essay./(While there are
both benefits and drawbacks to this tendency/option, in this essay, I personally
think that it borders on being more harmful/advantageous than
beneficial/detrimental.)
- The trend/option/decision ....is disadvantageous to some extent.
 - On the other hand, (I believe that)...because of some undeniable
advantages.
In conclusion, it seems evident/ ( to me) that me that there are many advantages
for ..., although this ...has some notable disadvantages. ...(Due to the
aforementioned reasons, I believe that the overall impact has been tremendously
positive).
3. Causes/problems and solutions
3.1. Causes and solutions
It is acknowledged that... This state of affairs can be attributed to several
factors, and a number of viable solutions should be adopted to remedy this
situation.
- There are two main contributors to this circumstance….
- Fortunately, several measures could be taken to prevent this problem
In conclusion, there are various reasons for..., and appropriate steps need to be
taken to tackle this problem, not only by the government but also by
individuals.
3.2. Problems and solutions
It is acknowledged that...Several problems have resulted from this state of
affairs, and a number of viable solutions should be adopted to remedy this
situation.
- As ..., several related problems can be anticipated.
- Since such issues are serious, the government and individuals should take
steps immediately to address these problems.
In conclusion, there are various negative consequences of…., and appropriate
steps need to be taken to tackle this problem, not only by the government but
also by individuals.
3.3. Cause and effects
4. Two-part question
This kind varies, you need to combine aforementioned patterns.