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142 views

3.architecture 8051

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asaipawan10
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MICROPROCESSORS 8051 & ARM

Author: Bharat Acharya


Sem V – EXTC
Mumbai 2018

8051 BLOCK DIAGRAM

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Alternate diagram …

ALTERNATE DIAGRAM FOR 8051 ARCHITECTURE / BLOCK DIAGRAM

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MICROPROCESSORS 8051 & ARM
Author: Bharat Acharya
Sem V – EXTC
Mumbai 2018

8051 is a microcontroller. This means it has an internal processor, internal memory and an I/O
section. The architecture of 8051 is thus divided into three main sections:
• The CPU
• Internal Memory
• I/O components.

8051 has an 8 bit CPU.


CPU This is where all 8-bot arithmetic and logic operations are performed.
It has the following components.

ALU – ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT


It performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic operations.
It can also perform some bit operations.

Example:
ADD A, R0 ; Adds contents of A register and R0 register and stores the result in A register.
ANL A, R0 ; Logically ANDs contents of A register and R0 register and stores the result in A register.
CPL P0.0 ; Complements the value of P0.0 pin.

A – REGISTER (ACCUMULATOR)
It is an 8-bit register.
In most arithmetic and logic operations, A register hold the first operand and also gets the
result of the operation.
Moreover, it is the only register to be used for data transfers to and from external memory.

Example:
ADD A, R1 ; Adds contents of A register and R1 register and stores the result in A register.
MOVX A, @DPTR ; A gets the data from External RAM location pointed by DPTR

B – REGISTER
It is an 8-bit register.
It is dedicated for Multiplication and Division.
It can also be used in other operations.

Example:
MUL AB ; Multiplies contents of A and B registers. Stores 16-bit result in B and A registers.
DIV AB ; Divides contents of A by those of B. Stores quotient in A and remainder in B.

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PC – PROGRAM COUNTER
It is an 16-bit register.
It holds address of the next instruction in program memory (ROM).
PC gets automatically incremented as soon as any instruction is fetched.
That’s what makes the program move ahead in a sequential manner.
In the case of a branch, a new address is loaded into PC.

DPTR – DATA POINTER


It is an 16-bit register.
It holds address data in data memory (RAM).
DPTR is divided into two registers DPH (higher byte) and DPL (lower byte).
It is typically used by the programmer to transfer data from External RAM.
It can also be used as a pointer to a look up table in ROM, using Indexed addressing mode.

Example:
MOVX A, @DPTR ; A gets the data from External RAM location pointed by DPTR
MOVC A, @A+DPTR ; A gets the data from ROM location pointed by A + DPTR

SP – STACK POINTER
It is an 8-bit register.
It contains address of the top of stack.
The Stack is present in the Internal RAM.
Internal RAM has 8-bit addresses from 00H… 7FH.
Hence SP is an 8-bit register.
It is affected during Push and Pop operations.
During a Push, SP gets incremented.
During a Pop, SP gets decremented.

PSW – PROGRAM STATUS WORD


It is an 8-bit register.
It is also called the “Flag register”, as it mainly contains the status flags.
These flags indicate status of the current result.
They are changed by the ALU after every arithmetic or logic operation.
The flags can also be changed by the programmer.
PSW is a bit addressable register.
Each bit can be individually set or reset by the programmer.
The bits can be referred to by their bit numbers (PSW.4) or by their name (RS1).

Example:
SETB PSW.3 ; Makes PSW.3 ç 1
CLR PSW.4 ; Makes PSW.4 ç 0

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