JSPM’s

RAJARSHI SHAHU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

POLYTECHNIC
Department of Computer Engineering
Academic Year: 2024-25

UNIT-1 (12 Marks)

MSBTE Question bank & Answer

Sr.No. Question Year Marks

1 List any two advantages of typical file processing system. W-18 2
Ans Disadvantages of file processing system 1. Data redundancy and any 4
inconsistency 2. Difficulty in accessing data 3. Data isolation 4. Integrity disadvantag
problems 5. Atomicity problems es
– 1/2 Mark
each
disadvantag
e
2 Define i) data abstraction, ii) data redundancy. W-18 2

Ans 1. Data Abstraction : 1 mark Data

Many end users are not computer trained so it is needed to hide complex Abstraction
data structuresfrom them. description
Hiding complexity of data structures from end user through different levels 1
is knownas data abstraction.It has 3 levels : mark Data
a. Physical level b. logical level c. view level 2. Data redundancy : Redundancy
The repetition of information is known as redundancy .This description
redundancy leads to higher storage and access cost. It may lead to
data inconsistency, that is different copies of the same data may
have different values.

3 Distinguish between network model and hierarchical model (any 4 points). W-18 4
W-19

W-23
S-24

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Ans

1 Define : (i) Instance (ii) Schema S-19 2

Define the following : i) Instance ii) Schema W-23 2
S-24
ANS (i) Instance: The data stored in database at a particular moment of time is 1 M for each
called instance of database. (ii) Schema: Design of a database is called the Definition
schema. Schema is of three types: Physical schema, logical schema and
view schema.
2 State any two E.F. Codd’s rule for RDBMS. S-19 2
State any Four E.F. Codd’s rule for RDBMS. S-23 2
W-22 4
ANS 1. The Guaranteed Access rule: Each item of data in an RDBMS is

2. guaranteed to be logically accessible by resorting to a combination oftable

name, primary key value, and column name.

3. The Systematic Treatment of Null Values rule: Null values(distinct from

an empty character string or a string of blank charactersand distinct from
zero or any other number) are supported in a fullyrelational DBMS for
representing missing

4. The Dynamic Online Catalog Based on the Relational Model rule:The

database description is represented at the logical level in the sameway as
ordinary data, so that authorized users can apply the samerelational database.

5. The Comprehensive Data Sublanguage rule: A relational systemmay

support several languages and various modes of terminal for datadefinition,
view definition, data manipulation etc.

6. The View Updating rule: All views of the data which aretheoretically
updatable must be updatable in practice by the DBMS.

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 7. The High-level Insert, Update, and Delete rule: The capability ofhandling
a base relation or a derived relation as a single database toperform all DML
operations.

8. The Physical Data Independence rule: Application programs andterminal

activities remain logically unchanged whenever any changesare made in
either storage representations or access methods.

9. The Logical Data Independence rule: Application programs andterminal

activities remain logically unchanged when informationpreserving changes
of any kind are made to the base tables.

10. The Integrity Independence rule: Integrity constraints must bedefinable

in the RDBMS sub-language and stored in the system

catalogue and not within individual application programs.

11. The Distribution Independence rule: An RDBMS has

distributionindependence. Distribution independence implies that users
should not have to be aware of whether a database is distributed.

12. The No subversion rule: If the database has any means of handlinga
single record at a time that low-level language must not be able avoidthe
integrity rules which are expressed in a higher-level language thathandles
multiple records at a time.

3 List any four advantages of DBMS. S-19 2

Ans Controlling Redundancy ( ½ M for

any
advantage)

and Recovery

4 Explain overall structure of DBMS with the help of diagram S-19 4

Explain overall structure of DBMS with the help of diagram S-24 4
Draw the overall architecture of DBMS. Explain storage manager and W-22 6
query processor components.
Ans Components of DBMS structure are classified in 3 categories as: 2 M for
1. Query processor : correct

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 Embedded DML pre compiler: It converts DML statements embedded in diagram, 2
application. M
Program to normal procedural calls in host language. for correct
DML Compiler: It translates DML statements of high level language explanation
into low level instruction that a query evaluation engine understands.
DDL interpreter: It interprets DDL statements and records them in a
set of tables containing metadata.
Query evaluation Engine: It executes low level instructions generated
by DML compiler and issued by query processor to select efficient ways
to execute query.
DDL interpreter. It has following components
2. Storage Manager Components :
Transaction manager: It ensures that the database remains in
consistent state despite of the system failure and that concurrent
transaction execution proceeds without conflicting.
File Manager: It manages the allocation of space on disk storage and
data structures used to represent information stored on disk
Buffer Manager: It is responsible for fetching data from disk storage
into main memory and deciding what data to cache memory.
3. Disk storage :
Data files: It stores the database.
Data Dictionary: It stores metadata that hold particular values.
Indices: Provide fast access to data items that hold particular values.
Statistical data: It stores statistical information about the data in the
database.

5 State the difference between Relational and Hierarchical model S-19 4

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Ans Any 4
differences :
1M each

1 State any two advantages of DBMS over file processing system. W-19 2
Explain advantages of DBMS over file processing system. S-22 4
Ans State any two advantages of DBMS over file processing system. Any two
Advantages of DBMS over file processing system: advanta
ges 1M
each

2 Draw three level architecture of DBMS W-19 2

Ans Correct
diagram
2M

1 Define data model. List its types. S-22 2

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Ans

2 With neat diagram explain three level architecture of database system. S-22 4
Explain three level architecture of Database system. W-22 4
Ans The three levels present in this architecture are Physical level, Conceptual
level and External level.

The details of these levels are as follows −

Physical Level
This is the lowest level in the three level architecture. It is also known as
the internal level. The physical level describes how data is actually stored
in the database. In the lowest level, this data is stored in the external hard
drives in the form of bits and at a little high level, it can be said that the
data is stored in files and folders. The physical level also discusses
compression and encryption techniques.

Conceptual Level
The conceptual level is at a higher level than the physical level. It is also
known as the logical level. It describes how the database appears to the

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RSCOEP COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT MRS.S.S.GHULE
 users conceptually and the relationships between various data tables. The
conceptual level does not care for how the data in the database is actually
stored.

External Level
This is the highest level in the three level architecture and closest to the
user. It is also known as the view level. The external level only shows the
relevant database content to the users in the form of views and hides the
rest of the data. So different users can see the database as a different view
as per their individual requirement

1 Define i) Data Abstraction ii) Instance W-22 2

Ans i) Data Abstraction: Each correct
Hiding complexity of data structures from end user through different levels definition:
is known as data abstraction. 1M
Many end users are not computer trained so it is needed to hide complex
datastructures from them.
It has 3 levels :
a. Physical level
b. logical level
c. view level
ii) Instance:
The data stored in database at a particular moment of time is called
instance of database.
Example:
Let’s say a table teacher in our database whose name is School, suppose
the table has50 records so the instance of the database has 50 records for
now and tomorrow we
are going to add another fifty records so tomorrow the instance have total
100 records.This is called an instance.

1 Define the following terms 1)Database (2)DBMS S-23 2

Ans i) Database: Database is collection of data, which is organized in such a Definition
way thatit can be easily accessed, managed or updated. 1M each
ii) DBMS: Database Management System is software that used to manage,
storage, access and security of data.
OR
DBMS: Database management system is a large software package that
controls thespecification, organization, storage, retrieval and update of data
in a database.

1 Enlist any two Applications of DBMS W-23 2

Ans Applications of DBMS Any two

1. E-commerce applications
2. Banking 1M each
3. Airline reservation systems
4. Hospital information systems
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 5. Human resource management
6. Social media
7. Research
8. Railway Reservation System
9. Library Management System
10. Education Sector
11. Credit card exchanges
12. Broadcast communications
13. Account
14. Online Shopping
15. Manufacturing
16. Healthcare
3 State advantages of DBMS over file processing system. (Any four) W-23 4
Ans 1. Data redundancy and inconsistency: Redundancy is the concept of Correct
repetition of datai.e. each data may have more than a single copy. The file explanation
system cannot control theredundancy of data as each user defines and for any 4
maintains the needed files for a specificapplication to run. There may be a advantages
possibility that two users are maintaining the dataof the same file for 1 M each
different applications. Hence changes made by one user do notreflect in files
used by second users, which leads to inconsistency of data. Whereas DBMS
controls redundancy by maintaining a single repository of data that is
definedonce and is accessed by many users. As there is no or less
redundancy, data remainsconsistent.
2. Data sharing: The file system does not allow sharing of data or sharing is
too complex. Whereas in DBMS, data can be shared easily due to a
centralized system.
3. Data concurrency: Concurrent access to data means more than one user is
accessing the same data at the same time. Anomalies occur when changes
made by one user get lost because of changes made by another user. The file
system does not provide any
procedure to stop anomalies. Whereas DBMS provides a locking system to
stop anomalies to occur.
4. Data searching: For every search operation performed on the file system,
a different application program has to be written. While DBMS provides
inbuilt searching operations. The user only has to write a small query to
retrieve data from the database.
5. Data integrity: There may be cases when some constraints need to be
applied to the data before inserting it into the database. The file system does
not provide any procedure to check these constraints automatically. Whereas
DBMS maintains data integrity by enforcing user-defined constraints on
data by itself.
6. System crashing: In some cases, systems might have crashed due to
various reasons. It is a bane in the case of file systems because once the
system crashes, there will be no recovery of the data that’s been lost. A
DBMS will have the recovery manager which retrieves the data making it
another advantage over file systems.
7. Data security: A file system provides a password mechanism to protect
the database but how long can the password be protected? No one can
guarantee that. This doesn’t happen in the case of DBMS. DBMS has

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 specialized features that help provide shielding to its data. 8. Backup: It
creates a backup subsystem to restore the data if required.
9. Interfaces: It provides different multiple user interfaces like graphical user
interface and application program interface. 10. Easy Maintenance: It is
easily maintainable due to its centralized nature

1 List disadvantages of typical file processing system. S-24 2

Ans Slow access time
Presence of redundant data
Inconsistent Data
Data Integrity Problems
Difficulty in recovery of corrupt data
Lack of Atomicity
Problem in Concurrent Access
Unauthorized Access
Define S-24 2
2 I) data abstraction
II) Data Redundancy
Ans 1. Data Abstraction : 1M for each
Many end users are not computer trained so it is needed to hide complex
data structures from them.Hiding complexity of data structures from end Correct
user through different levels is knownas data abstraction.
It has 3 levels : Definition
a. Physical level b. logical level c. view level 2. Data redundancy : The
repetition of information is known as redundancy .This redundancy leads to
higher storage and access cost. It may lead to data inconsistency, that is
different copies of the same data may have different values

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RSCOEP COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT MRS.S.S.GHULE