preh'history

story
opart caorot
e us.
PDLecI savastabte
not
by
9:
Rigveda
gStonage
Hooevey
itread read
Histroy
be
empive.
kushan
LX
AO) +htans
SeM
Parthiang
India
Antient V
(ndo
qreek Architectune
+
cent
*Society+economy
conage
3+d
vi
Be-
-l850c) HO)
cernt
dyasty
manameghavan
u S8o
(2nd AO-
L3216c
Satavalnan
emplre notes.
dymast
shongadygnasty
mmerce
Co y (24o
geSangam pushyabhutu
tistony
polit'aal
Age Age
of
personalt'
+ e*sAdmnstratton
eeogaphy
Mauryan 6upta pattern
ll-
Kanva
2.
Age
| V *
4
 Ak
bhui
h la

4 p hases of orbantsation

y ndvs valey oviligatton.

2600 BC- t900B

of vardhman , mahavi gau tam

Hetrodoxsec
’

Lothcent AD - 1gth cent h. LA}(vèKa, Charvaka

Bhakti & su
LQth A Reformitet & Revivaltgm

Brd brbanizatlon
(suff)
> pu or Bad Capital ctybr) polteal center.
’ Garh or kot" Cantonement lor ) militay tocon.
6anj or pet" - omar ket bown.

’sarai
Hghoay
Gahib or shari pitigraum center
puhar or B anda ports
) patan or patinam or
s a n

Sanga
k m
d

ingdom
h a

yaksha
8hartu) satavahang 2nd or bantsation FaHten (3A9-4u)
shan

*Cha KUsh

(aiscovery Dectine oR Huen T5ag

otmonsoeo) trade bas ed
HonG
empire
Darthiat Vas tons
ttun inAlandqrats^,
Kushom
Parthns
l4AD| landlbrds
2 n e n t jc
iSen
t
Scythiars
3th AD feudalSm)
AD

(6thAD) Small kngdoms

Megasthene
C30B-248
8),
thA declire f Hiqhewags
Ag
o ef
AD

SronahPaint
eommere
3rd roz9 Paueity ol
colns
m o t hA
y nv
a rt a i
(8th AD
\Eeororny
(Gveekempve) ythc B

vontools
TPeddy
mahuee

sthcent qthcad
+ 0+Harapath
ADakshi path
stn cene| B
 Akhil
buhavPatSelected(Spy coshsalame (2
buea (system aloseddeleted
ds) to nule (9atraps)
aolandlor
k rugsecheeks
at
8 balance
Kus ham landgvant:
Hertditarg
lackofcheek
n ta
Maurga Satavahano
standtngarmy nd baance.
Arst fferd.to
decleneok
AgS
embl
Guctand
salaries via
ular)
/
Nan dq S2nd cA land grartJ
marajanpad q (Beh andgrerM
f e
k d
e h g
nge evsolis,
ncreal
a n (Later vedie MAP OF CENRL)SAIo
Rigvedie
Cotled Ag
Rajput
potte
a ctt
tie)

Gopa)

List of Arrivals In (ndia

perstan| paaita<sieoc forius /van

2.
Greks /yavano fsas e /exande foreece.
3: hdo greek yovana / 2009 oemetrivs/ N-ghanis
Bacteria.
Indo Badeians
central Asla.
4 scgthias Shaka/ kavly st Be/ Maves or Moga/
Iran.
s porthilaons pahalava late st Be Gqondophense /
wching
G.
koshanTusnara/ lst cent AD /ku'ula kadaptses/
1 Hons/ton sth ent Ao/4oramana /Alai mountains
white uns
LAdo Hepthatlcs
 Mauryan Age
Brahm

32l l8S Bc ard

politoal History*

(ndi ca ol Megasthenel e

’ coinage

paintings
omphtos Aaxles/Ambh!
Alexandes
Northen land
VMasta border of tnd'a
ngramnae / xXandvamma
king(tdentiRed
B.of Hybepel
al Dhananda kyber
Rive (326e) nultng dh Kirgdom ol
peshoo aity buty
Gangavidial en kyb pass -
Atertomph'os vs porus rdentieed as Magdha) Some-limet rlver s aso
Cons vdered land bordel,

cty DutH on ndus

won tarshla
keng dom
Aleander washe ba+He however cori ten the
> pyesert nam e af
be omphies topoto
of porus 4he even y daps e Riva s
Jelem
move vediC Qne vstasha
Ateranda boanted to
’ Atter vietory Over porus
of ttouSands
Gangaridèai. tocoever the news
bastard to conuer Aerender, there Rove. te
army ol Agàamee disco urqed
Elephards in the cuheve he defeated. Varlaus
tndus RIve
oved south wards through Gana Sanghg
non -monracheal states uled b
Gana targha(Repubitean oltgachBe) fame
mpire few altend famet these
Ateader died (323 Bc) After ohich hie zlecte a rqqan (kog From amtorã
>
was dtvtded & s0CCeded
by hs milaay genva ls the mgelva Por foe d tonwe
the esten part of hts 2mptre aas Ganosagha ertsted sihee gvedie
diadoch,
htg dadochi name seleus Nicator.
Svceded by
seleeus ts Saluya
een name of esterpat Sylla to ndlg
 student Chandrag ept maury a Uprovted
nd his
Brahman name
chankya nd dhananan d
defeatng. 4 Ktlleng
Aandh cynasty b play
named
named
Mudra Rakshasa
hts event s
an IgthAo Sanskt Rakshas
the Sorce of (Ring of Amad
cortenby vishakocbh

Chandvagupta Mauvya (324-2488e)

’ 320Bc - 310 Bc
émpie by chandragupa.
Nestern trpanston of Mauryan to cong-truct a lako
* otdered
b'smonister
Jengad wagion chandgupt Stpush gopta) velated to
jnaghar veg on)
Sudharshan lake (Guyrat - Sudharn lake.

* chandvagupta May 4
’ 3108C- 305BC
expanslon of Mauryan tmpire: tu tndus Asho k.

North dest + Rudhrdhaman

mqjority of gansung Rlyer * Sakanda gop ta

Conquned
chandnagut s'tecus and
eta de feated
’ 305BC
tndus rlver where chandrg
on Lletena
A baHe fogt
Aghandgtan, nd He
ared hts daughter name.

ConqueNed to selwc«s.
lephants the name of

Send his to Mogad

Ambafdor
n ndha
lucus boo k thdica,
battle the
* After thts Meghagthinis sho
wrote
his
nbasstdo r l
chandagupd d
thts name ot
SandroloHus.
he discnbhed the king name
of padliputt.
giha Now
capital pali bothra. gveek
chandnagup renno unced the throne &
Bhadyabhaw, Pt
Monk Belogola.(Karnat)
* Lnsptved by jatn sovtheoards 6 at sharvana
Miqrated Sallekhana/Santhava
become darn Monk, te starvaton -
riHaal suclde bt
Me committed
 Sharavang Belogplg
Rindosara (2a8-272s * chandra

t Son of
ehondogvpha tn totheen AD sesten
Amiahocbttust is sounds tke butld a large statue of Bahubal'
* s qreek narne at sherava behvgula, bahubali is
his +4e AmitraghtBakam also known as Gommatesho ar .

He xpancled Matyan Emptre Sutheoar cs d Corqured Bahub ali coas Son oß kirst jain
deccan. this othern éxpans lo nof +hirthankea Righab dev(Rshabdey
bharat
fmpire is menttoned Sangam literadare had another gon named
Mauryan and doughter
named brah mi
Where Mauryan menttoned Morlya
Mastkabhse ke :
of
* He coas folower of Aivikasect nd digple of every 2y9 jatn perform
ba hu
on th's statue oR
Ajvtk monk nama Pihgalavasta. ceremon4
-bal: this cevemony ts known
268Be). maha-mastakabhisekQ.
HaDnyan cvil aar (212 ~
as
every eyrs)
af the last one 2018 kappencd
tough among the Sons Bagadi
*n qth, toth E& coestem ganga
BAndusara.
ynasty buit Uhondraguptbatti
Ashok aoon the coar b thg al his brothers tn Siavana belogo la at the plate
Expect one (vtshtashoka'l +ssa) Chandrapupt p la ce salle kha.

Theran dey Monk:

Aghok 268- 232BC
>n jatn igmis hera is heod of
(268-2628c) 1
* halinga aar datn comunity after last thethen
coar Ashok Conqured Howeve Kay mahavy Bhadr bahu ooas
AAer alona kaltbng
he adopted
6ththera, nd lost thera of
budhtst Source mentton that lost alter h°m jatnism
venovCed ar fave an
budh'sn after coar, sptit nto teo set dgombla
poleey. Soetum bha
change meany of hs proves that he
of Ashok Atviksect (fourde-anda Vashal
inor ock edef
bodhieh when he begtn hs maln propanent MakkhalG hoshak
alveedy Acontempoy of mahav budh
Basie philoaphy -pre distnettor,
éverhing ts pre-detetmined even
the humon achbn Cvtht phidcsopy
know as yatvada/ fatat ks m
 + * 5) phamna 4)
buddhigt
Council!
Third donat
Ashoted He >Cmoval nd
Abave
A OVer aheoigsha
rightniltoy DChandashokalvoilent In
Cave
Resu!0 tme'-2sOBe, ondeved poliey
Davghter bhame nd
state moralfower) wighcou) of
Clnal énd Complex de às charg Sangpracharak( mahamat Hofier
ral
heghboutng (threating Ashok
b moyal
Addisectt oanro,t,anism * qheek {n
tion bvddh'
hamtkaspresadm) actton) to ndafter
gectariantepbce!- nd côuel
9l# kron
ovpCamiyof
esnlstuteshayr. m¡ral pollces
do Ambasdor egbeurig
kingdom Dhanmaghosha kalhg
to igatoas Asho
u of
as Authovty coay
kalhavathocouldnt patalipotva
ma moghi
i9sa)
putchopter
Hla rH k)to
n ,
Ashok gvtlan
Ppolnt by Sf
be bava tife) ka
ki h glomj) to
(poht
book
ors
ended. buddhle t to to his cwere by maklas (prusvdinigngdoms
bar by' Ohammashokathemjan
paton monks canals
Add i Asok
itaka added of
m. Caves polDhamicmy) Bhamma-
pnachat
th ak . Ashok
Contervesie senths.t e to thom by
in !oASho k* of accor d ance helghbourehg
n monla ag whdch |as didnt the
a
Avk
Dhammavj
Ho. ale) (omyovricaBlo
ensure 0d
q
loterotere
4sbhècdham s
tn cvtee
as torvive
resen ma Sudharsan oRhds Son kirgdom shudya dead literatwe
budhist &
budhst
losphy
phi Pr e sident sect that only
ptaka Mogolpott'sag them of
5e as
tn kbgdom - souree
Ajk
ahedra people to Son there
as
form by lake. deah gasi Ajv ect
take to
e e
 PYestdent- EimeSecond
Resolt counil;
budhlslfrst tripitokakgrourdBoc
compilatton
Resut-
presidernd
- me-483Bc,
382
budhist ptako
Sutta :
3.
budhesm; ftrst No -
Saba Bc. !- tbhidhamma Vinay central
nd
spit coUncil:
komiplace- maha
pitaka
to
kashyapa, place. S
Cannonteal
/sheg JalakNKaga
ConfLict A thptakal
vatehali, - sutaof- -
pitaka messages
m! rules,gudeneg a
m -to Rajagviha Cstories
Lchapteyoy
taká) p'
tn (vtnay Aim !-
OVer philosphy
budhdsm. 3olue patro evacture
réles to rat of
n. past teadhtrg
budh.of
onftèats
kalnshok compile book
for Sapta b for, o
btvth petaka,
pitaka,
w'nay ptaka Of
ttfeSutta of
budhte buddhiem.
mon teachtng' parni bhikku
bR ks. over (
Naga budh)
caves), m.
his rules Cmonlks)
teo' of
dynsty
veso for budh,. padton sas.
setts upagaha-log Ashde
lted
piBalka) -bhi
nnonks. ) Abhidha :
tn Ajatashatva khunilnons)
tn follooeyloy
 dynasty) Shorg (founder
of pushyamitra
Shug
erval mtlHany own hts assinated
by nd
Eng. Maurgan lagt
coas nd
BC)! -188 lq2 Maurya( Brihadrotha 4
Contitng
the
kngs
dleted kngs Mauvyan oPlst Vartov
Varibu tn
Mauryan Ashopk Ater
Sucesseded coag and ne dec tnto altved
decaan 4evritorte9
of
ured mauyan velan hts Jatnis
m, fottower
of
ve
Giandeon
of J
kona) oflSon Ashok
Mauya Samprati *
Bc) -248 (224
CavesMaqayuni Complex
ts cave thes
wnkno
donated dared
a He >
Sect Avick Caves
to 3 of a
atMonks a tweve
dom ktng ovdtnate Sob- vuled
by
vabana dynagty
I8a Ahdhr
Mauwyan
vegn hts
these éan, of
dec tevvitores the Jod
Ashok. GvandSon
of ’
Maurya!-(232-224B) Dashavatha *
Hinayana
Mahayana.
monks)
mevelya wasBuddha *
dvine oas Budha eldey thev ~ hum
BUddhtsh
Buddte
m. tn, added
fact New Ao *
ttepretatons tvoths& New added becould
be ldCoo tn
nalea. Rigid
vules Wberal *
soghi
k Maha Sthavirovadin
 (o8-348Be) COun

Indtca of ctas tas

248B) doctor n persi
Megasthese (305- ctasas doas a areek
of He never
visted th d'a nd
* Indica nteotor nd
Came tnfovmaflon oag
3ilvcug of hte
kAmbag dor of pallbothra. the souneé
Sadvcotb travelev omng from nd'a.
kong hd
ourt of prog peroug tradevg
ndèa- Vey heavgay'
talked abov
* He
Agrteultuve.
bastsof Indta weathn volume ade
*
* tgk population, very High
(ndtans ever cheot
(ov) le.
exteted In tndea, Houwever
therefor ohe
acoralg
* dint tndla,
Megastherse slave prevelent n
Presence of Das slaver yY
Legs oppesive than tuvo pean
avthshastra
to tndta
(n
Infer Sloavery
* vebrant Society
od onditon of oomen

guoa d all of comen.

chardra gup bad Boo body
were elepkants .
Indian armtel
the bases oe
*ctrong
omntes.
- talent , length - stadia:
Untt o wetgh yave
n hie book. he usei
a8 alavge nd planned cty
pali botva
discr'bed capital cty of
Ln (413 Agi dtscoverd a coooden palace.
He Survey of tndia)
matertal oeve CArchalogy
but ldtng
lpalastde n potna
n kunsa hay, be longhg to Mauryan a
Soctal vealty
Indian Soctety In
y
fddestHher he coas
doonbihg
E8Pttan Soa'ety
* te dvtded oeHevodotus ho dvtded
Of tndia or was foltouig the style
fotdel]
*7folde diison of Megasthenge:
shramana
- brahning a
2ntve Lte dmos4 vespected
-8tudy
prophectes.
- peopte approach then foy
 3
Amalya )
councdlors - top gorl officers' (mant
fovm polietes advice kings

Jontor govt Employee

3) overseers
execotton
-Ove VSee polley ltao
Commohovs.
Soldters - most
(hfluential
)
tven th
Vatatlons
Camg thetr weapons
of cttes, matn
Source

ma populat'on
Shap keepers 4 Artl9an cwealth o Indtq .
5) Source of
populaHlon (nd'a,
enemy avmies
max
far mers hem,
not even
attack
No one coander oth hely
of 8octey
peiphery
lve on he taxes)
tHer ds men
n tradel pau
cattle. invotve

Nishkatgold) sealth.
vedia Ha for store of
dewellery
fov coors hip. for Agas - coppev

Krtshnala Csilver) ron - Shyam Ayas

Later vedte Age
tImes) silver: krtshna Ayas
Shataman lboa loo
pani trader in edic ge
Gold - Suvarna Vani’vantk ’ Bani
Mahajarapada Age
purna Ban iya
SiLver - Rupya

shapana befoye efter

Copper - pona, kay
ka Kani punch ma ked
Masga cotn
g t askap

laehapeo mavk
pnehonIt
 A d m

Arthay has tra of. kastiya Jag deno mtnaton)|.bill aS7

* Mauryan coln (Ace to
= l6annQ

pana lanna p

(497 (ndia adopted

Ardhapana
decimal systom tn cohago
2 2dam
pada
ldo m2 2dhe la

Avadhapada y (Ashba bhogika) 2pk

Vc - Mayan hge
Masgalka trli 19s7 fond

pontngs are fo und, 3o fav.

he old pice - Veu.
Nlo pal'ntihgs of Mauryan age avetlable to
Nes pag 4

of Historlcal patnttngs
fhet spitemen B onesad)
to post: Nauryan h¡e ( Ajanta patnttng
2nd
tertug
whieh is not pogs tble
bebng developed patntngs
are stylisttoaly
there tore 4heve
must be
Ajanta patntng ¬xpenmentati'on of patnttrg matertals ( lethes
n the Eartest he on peris herian
Mauryan tven the literalty Soure
Some patntengs to be ddseovered)
Dre
get
ww0od, leaves e4e
menton Ppatrthgs
of Maunyan age regul 8katevaeh
*theor es of
tteovy
centval Bureaucaty Raaandtá theovy
# Ashokan ingcreptBon
+ spy SysBem
Judtetol system
Milltoy syston
* Muntetpal&
Revenue
System
dmtnistratton!

’ ty pes of tenitortes!
provtned
provène - vishay Rdya vishay.
centlly ldireeted roled
cblye).
uHarpadh(4an'la)
Subordinate Kingdom v i t
2.. <green)

Netghbourtng ktngdoms - Pratyanta

3. tbiacu n mae)
ndo
G v e e k s

sAvcid
énpire

kalirga
Anda
Ctosati)
Avarti

(vyatn) pakshinpath
(Suvakngr
chota
Sadyaputr
ker lapota padya
Ccher)

4 southeyen netqhbour of
Mavyan empve are entbrg
ln Ashoka in strtmpt'ons
 ingpekor
ha-
4esment as vlage.
ofR
buet s)
laduicekng
yaksha-hanadhyako
kng
byAppotnted
eateh). mantvAmatyas
is Cotng
-davshaka
ass semen+),, hs tndiodeng
distrect Yev
to
(pleserd
urmen, state adn
bg
sunderSormóbol":"ior panyadKakasRopa mmerte...
godsbebvedot ae
pByadagi
eas
land
(Rey.a9 &oreeple
ofd checks&ÞalKauity
t
n ancdPal'Parrsasa porohta).
oa -ncounds)
)collectvo bvanche o
teT of
of(gom
(oPRleer gopa
textile4~trade
Devanampiya,
Ancient chakravayth
(e-) putra.
(vev. etders).lagersal oR
Aythoshasta hyakha
senanl,
avthsast
yokbac'ion) Branpati ~dhyaksha
hapanga
vse & lsranin'
6vantkavi
kingo Arya ulsa of mantv,
top/Rng, dhyakha
Kata
A
mawyan
kumar,Ra cotte vetlagbyeleetedhead Amatya ahamattya,
Mahmalya,
tt4ha,
Dept)dpaBa
gued'ktngfanjak/sowre
k-Cmpi
, nOefenalkra pradeshika Rev. the ong Sotra
of ha
|dda
late
ka( ore have to
top akg
ABhoha - (Bvam g Acc Heads
sthant ythey Buvecracg
Maui
4 ryan
AHmenstyatien! ceprovdn
enttdodved chakval
He
’
adm
Burecacy
2fercent shtd
por
Manti ( -64
ntodtvided ntodivided hAdyake
Ahav/tstanapada
J
divided Mantri Amatga
caled central
VGhaul m
Gra
*
 centalis
ed
a
na
nciaat cadhhar
Dan
panda+hyaksh
pandDandapat.
anayak
)ng
ké Aåmn
to
apbes veports Mauryan
systn)
gsatn des
gentor
sptes Rield.
)stationay Kautitya
kapattka tmonts
chhatra,-gtpden (seoroat tn
-householdevs
dssoa spy oR
on tidea systm mem
begaar femate oR
spta tton bandarayak
province- 5
Reporters iñ CHeadspy of Sorpanth
Gvantka
ch
Mahada
ndanaya
K pan
Jntor - nevip spy merctton' Avthashasra
Ace
to sp)es.
Arthashagtva ta eMegasthes
Vatdehaka haya-
udashtt
.6rthpats - copi
spis
Ashotkan
pattvedaka
pottaani *Judtcal
systen kng
of tnormator
pass vieh
sburees
oiAf
System types Srmatha2.Sanchavl
*Spy
to to'
to centia
teoo AcC Acc
Act
t. 2 3.
 (1828-35).
Bentek
w-
chy.
hiaeva
tn
Katak
nsarlpton
Ashokan
katakshodhan. bhamshastra) htghes+ halaka
yoNaqasv
h
eat
9.
decvee mem
'e7Raasha'shang
8
or) |radtton
(bhamagata of
oyal
kantakghodhan asthaneser booddg
Avhashtvg
shatel vaka
Nag death)
Dhamnasthiy: cality
practt' ormmi4ees/
of lau fdministaton!
Monctpal
* àbh-th
courts. order baoks Meg /
lao of (Mayor) (Regiter
Sourees
court aa'. -shashang of 6
of Vyaahana
3: ca j him foteigners
2. Industy Customg
6r
ypes creminalok above Indt Astonamo
SoureesRala
2-pharma:
Under 6Rese
3. Saleg
8.
Chas
4 to
jtwo tn Ace
* . >
 the
Rvom iarous
dig has
wtng treasary
Revenue
Collectlan
Revenue
s
Avthashastra
kavtilya
tach
mem
syote
to
6 Ac Revenwe
in
of
Conmtees/boardg
ndigda
kauBtya kaotlya g.
hastriGanntdhatvl
Nlegathenege offber oR
tn sqma
Megasthana Head
Comnander by af RevenweI tal
Unit) to Avhashastva. stra Sannidha
of
)Supply&
Armoury
onbed ofRl
system.
Revenue
*
Samaha Agvononot
-
*Milàtary
Aamn. ndioa 6 Horse des No Centval
bvds
tand ndlca
to
Ac
by
( 3)lephant
9nfonty hdm.of headed t)
cavalry 4)
chaots
3)Navy
såjscrtottan )
to to
Ace Mittoy teo
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) 3
 land
lakour
manval
/erocn 5)
sita labour vethi Regton
vof!
tarntng-
stale'g
ounedtand(
-htvéd vishtht, amtne
slate stta basa wa
(slaves) vettitax :abour
kaymakasa 4)
hthi, mannual (monk)
ramands
oftYpes ves
and
migated
Arom iay
Veg
fornthe tash
ntakenvta
nent shamana
0 8
movem emevgöey Cohungi
taz
tot ) tax
tak vate
eat vtonlage. vetthi/vet4thimid
nedene,
land baxon haxAny
landk ktssagka Bro
Vate. ta,.
aime)
Krishiba Bhag taken
on
tar
tar 3)
Farmer'$ tax.
Revenve
land
krtshakä, i
/veshtht/chitden
)
Aate Yeat
i
kshetraeanina,-tax
Dshet teant
Bhaga bhag pidtkasa
3)
udaka 4) senabhaktam
6) Premphi
tar Bong
land sa( vesh4hi
prlvale -
bytled
’
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shulka wbmen,
)
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S ) ) ) l
 tro ased
they
ths Britistn tactore Raog
In nstead
tnttre starBed neanttte matn
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later ld BoA.stuer
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ly
ian aag'
bng
thtsaptallst
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af
or oR extle
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ights)
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dtestiletstoten
td tgthoentuavy
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too of
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was o
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the
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fo +& of
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Dratneth done"Brtoná
compay
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ndia Marke to
perfume
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tvon mid dontng
dia
n ’ln Noo
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élopean
tmp.
fovm Gveek to about prvae
tuope Roman mary lchint8.
alieas
naned
ngurplus. talked India:
AD kanned tuayanbanned
ota
lwty Gotdstver EYom
centuary
goods 3) pling turopetatheen
Imporls. In wealth
vespastan
&
Hovges Avade Author Lst
bteyn in&4
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As
 aro
state
(nantrin &
attes
parts.
body
7 huntbeved
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&food Aatya -treasury alhature
Aqe Avtifleta) even
texttle
Mauryan kautlya ~
yes Face Expatng 23
43,
&
cal!
slake
of orth alNes
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A
- nakevo
o laguli) body Ates
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éxport of thts
theory
stra a narRt
& lapis
Import Ar4hashasstate NlatwalS,7 mutuaty
nnetian theo taveBovy
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Ra<amadala
2
3,
-1, -
84b,
pak
horses Corts
lta theovy -2, 3
ave
-hand s
kones (tnen, 2 skaBesaltnalevally
mtoalty adan
Ace Saptang trmy
brain
¬
setl-prelous
boave, 6 Syotem. nomheved
othet
Gatass
odt Ay
 hi'treattng
folher
s pills
Pe.
martual do,m mtnor
kBng édtts
ptlar
çalled
A
subjeeks &
(major
& tdtets.dtetg
moral
maor
caled
are his- ke found
live Rock
Ashok. Subjects'
(L-4)
india
Anient to rule are
of. hoo called
Ashosk ore +ype
dats to budhis
peopte are voutes. o>
hoew
tveat
fove
both
minoy outes. Retgn Ahevefore
kore renon nere
his there trade kings.to pilavs,
Descrptive
ktngs af
Rovo of to centers
trade
rocks,nalare,
kno yeds o
bont there messaqe 4 yr's toter later stone
highaays
A
coays tdicts.
Rock
Major middte loter non- pillgr
Gdicts
Rock
Minor - Descripve, targe to adviced
Edictg message children
focUS hts tn -
lavge
Rocks, hgh on Descripttve
) tn
n )
on abèsertpiv
inscrtbed
yeavs
early
9 Raaks
on
placed
)
the focus- tneribed on
placed cvtbed at
Incrtbed hte. he place
Math Non pilar
Mat
) 5) Bg:. ) à
4) ) 3 À
 ) 9eparaBe edets! ds omited a at that
pla
the lnseip'on of ashak onigimal mestage
&dtatg
in Some oR are catled sepavate
tdet i9 replaced Such oR poltees akAer kaltna
shsh change
ashokt tatk about hs
édiet of his. mess age
Q g major foun d n kalting veglon.
(nseviptons
hoaoever,
n his
cortten at t3th place ashBng
another meggage 0s
Omètted and thstead
coopevato wth aothortey.
people to Inscvipfl'ons.
d Sevipt of an Ashokan
Script.
langvag® Brabs
th
BYahmi. tas fivst senpt
prak't in he
india it appeta
2·Sans krt. GndoP later vedte age
2. khaosht
oas 2nd Scnpt
* kharoshti
n ndia
3. Avamadá
ohich deyebped
3-Aramaie in Nort-ett
ltdeveloped
4 greek: Ihdiacnder perstoan
4ce BC)
4:greek Enpire CIsCEBC-
Brahmi
of Aghokan inscvtptions By fusion of
) Message desabed his admistadve
Ashoka
tn his Ansertptton
frther spread movalty)
Heology
by movalty to
dham policy (rute phastsed, (nstead ok retegion
) Soctal mo~e code 9 en boever budhtsm tmentibned
budhe'sm
tg Youted tn
hts moralty
more as philosphy thanwelfare
veligbn
&ven
antmal welfave.
vivtees(qUalatles) tike ho negakive
on
Soctal
emphasis develop
4o
coanted his people to al Seafs.
Ashok dollerance, kqual Aretmer
trades, Soctal harmony, reglBous qnorante, non'- sacriflee oR
Mndnd
ituats of
Respect for eldevg,
 rettglon ts not ntual but aay o tRe.
lopmenl,
maval and sptrtual deve
k.
ongquence oR dham Ace to Asho benle
V) ) Madhare
loN-volence
0 Ahimsa Ddy al-6ugebta'-opassian
9shochaye - purty lauoßol.
truthfol 8) Data a
t
3) Sachesy
- Noctvtl
4) Apastnave
Good
i)9adhare

Dhamma of Ashogk.
* Relevant of virtaes (Qualitles ) ohtch
ane
to' develöp certain
Ashok ewanted his people ehd majbty of
1 lollowed today hey coutd
devotd af ttme & place.
onfttats A Indvtdual problem.
Social

Heratuure!
Gveek.
i,ndiea
Megasthense.
2:n sangk
*.Arthaghagtva kautiya
statecraßll poltttoál Economy. Avthashastra).
of
Adntkavana Cthapters or books
I5
# Neeliahastva /chanakya neeti
chonakya
Hornon onduet
chan kyas hatak - chainkaya
loo poem on ehtqg .
vishou shavma. (sehaptes 's tanra)
panchab£ntra
Content ts dplomac y via charchte of antmal klngdom.
 bye

panch tantra alsa known as panc hakhayana

S
* Medical oov k
shanag
Above names are idefed ,as he names of Same peÝSon

3 hlor ks of Budhtgm
Kathavathu - Mogltputta ttssa
ponts of conttoversy n the budhtat phtlop ly
’ i t s chaptev/book added tn abhdham' petak durtng
3rd budhlst couneel
abhtdham petab durtng bolhtst eounail
* Final Comptlatton of

Jatn tsm
canmoctal lteratere af. JaBnisr ae
46 Agams. * Central are mo3
+34 Agams oUt of esheeh l2 Anga
fcrndomental.
12 Anga
(AngoRgma) 12 Ang con4atng dtvecf Messages and teaehbg
o 244tihankhasg. other 34 Agams are
(based on
the'orks oß later Jath nonks

2Ange
Anga ate compèled by " gandhara. gandhara ongtnal
*t
last 4vthankar mahavl
dlscepte of
gondhava 0ho leved after death of mahavtr
Sudhavna anly
atnts m ( thena head o Jan Conmeni'y
and be Coyne ktrst theva af
mahav)
after last. tevtanka
.
> cave Avchtecture. Maryan caveg
av to us Ore

# the eavltest Spetemen of Cave Arahitectere

AHhough léAerature of mahqanpad ge

(Bavabar &Nagarjuna caves at
at gya)
Homan' interventton
Ragurh (Bihar) Howeever
mentbns Saptaparn' Caves

ln them s not Certatn.

carved n huge Vock bcvtas o heve he
Qaves ave
Mavyan
tnney coallg are made &moot h ov pol'shet
dooy uay t
M ehape aß
Cave opent nd

* lomUs Righ caves Ms ockcot facadk aveh

Cave of Ayik8ect famous for

chartya Caves and beoe

as later ncorpo vated,n al
the outey Aveh Na known chaity Areh.
Arehitectuve. theve foy now
,oR Chaitya
deonattn tn Compa vesan
botd eoh mtn tmal
auuyan aveg weVe simply
of post Mauryan aves . caue.
contempovary Stmilo to \omus tsht
Hornbg of rarn ane, (stmilaY aveh) .