MAPEH 9

2ND Quarter

MUSIC (Classical Period)

 The classical era, also called “Age of Reason”, is the period from 1750-1820.
 The term “classical” denotes conformity with the principles and characteristics of ancient Greece and Roman literature
and art which were formal, elegant, simple, freed and dignified. The same characteristics may also describe the
melodies of classical music. Harmony and texture is homophonic in general.
 The dynamics of loud and soft were clearly shown through the extensive use of crescendo and diminuendo. A style of
broken chord accompaniment called, Alberti Bass was practiced.
FAMOUS COMPOSERS:
Franz Joseph Haydn
 one of the most prominent composers of the classical period. His life is described as a “rags-to-riches” story.
 He came from a poor family and his music led to his rise in social status. He was hired by rich patrons and
eventually became a musical director for the Esterhazy family for 30 years.
 His music reflects his character and personality: mainly calm, balanced, serious but with touches of humor.
 He was able to compose over 100 symphonies and developed them into long forms for a large orchestra.
 He was named, “Father of the Symphony”
Famous works:
 “Surprise Symphony”, “The Clock”, “The Military”
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
 a child prodigy and the most amazing genius in musical history.
 At age five, he was already playing the violin and the harpsichord;
 at six, he was recognized as an exceptional pianist and, at seven, he was already composing excellent music.
At age thirteen, he had written sonatas, concertos, symphonies, religious works, and operas and operettas.
 composed over 700 works.
 Unfortunately, due to mismanaged finances he lived his life in poverty, died young and was buried in an
unknown grave.
Famous works:
 The Marriage of Figaro” (1786), “Don Giovanni (1789), and “The Magic Flute” Kleine Nachtmusik,
Symphony No. 40 in G Major, and Sonata No. 11 in A Major K311.
Ludwig van Bethoven
 bridged the late Classical era and the early Romantic era.
 His famous compositions include 32 piano sonatas, 21 set of variations, 9 symphonies, 5 concertos for piano,
16 string quartets and choral music.
 He began to go deaf in 1796 but this did not become a hindrance.
 continued composing through the help of an assistant and hearing gadget.
 some of his famous compositions were made when he was deaf.
Famous works:
 His works include the “Missa Solemnis” (1818-1823) and opera “Fidelio” (1805). His known symphonies are:
Symphony No. 3 (Eroica), No. 5, No. 6 (Pastoral), No. 9 (Choral), which adds voices to the orchestra. He
began to go deaf in 1796 but this did not become a hindrance. He continued composing through the help of
an assistant and hearing gadget. Some of his famous compositions were made when he was deaf.

ARTS (Renaissance and Baroque Period)

Renaissance Period (1400-1600)
 was the period of economic progress
 Italian Renaissance began in the late 14th century.
 It was an era of great artistic and intellectual achievement with the birth of secular art. The focus was on
realistic and humanistic art.
 Renaissance art was characterized by accurate anatomy, scientific perspective, and deeper landscape.
 Renaissance painters depicted real-life figures and their sculptures were naturalistic portraits of human
beings.
 Architecture during this period was characterized by its symmetry and balance.
 The greatest cathedral building of the age was the rebuilding of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome.
RENAISSANCE ARTISTS AND THEIR WORKS:
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564)
 was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect, and poet.
 Among his outstanding works as sculptor were the following: Pieta, Bacchus, Moses, David, Dying Slave,
Dawn and Dusk. Two of his best known works, The Pieta and David, were sculpted before he turned thirty.
 He also created two of the most influential works in fresco in the history of Western art: the scenes from
Genesis on the ceiling and the Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.
“Pieta”by Michelangelo
Leonardo di ser Piero Da Vinci (1452- 1519)
 Leonardo Da Vinci was a painter, architect, scientist, and mathematician.
 popularized in present times through the novel and movie, “Da Vinci Code.”
 known as the ultimate “Renaissance man” because of his intellect, interest, talent and his expression of
humanist and classical values.

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  His well known works were: The Last Supper (the most reproduced religious painting of all time), and the
Mona Lisa (the most famous and most parodied portrait.) His other works were: The Virtruvian Mar, The
Adoration of the Magi, and the Virgin of the Rocks.
 “Mona Lisa” stems from a description by Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari, who wrote, “Leonardo
undertook to paint for Francesco del Giocondo the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife.” Mona, in Italian, is a
polite form of address originating as Madonna- similar to Ma’am, madamme, or My Lady in English. This
became Madonna and its contraction Mona. The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled “Mona”, is
also commonly spelled in Modern Italian as “Monna Lisa”.
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (Raphael) (1483-1520)
 was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance period
 Together with Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, he formed the traditional trinity of great masters of that
period
 His famous works were: The Sistine Madonna, The School of Athens, and The Transfiguration.
 The Transfiguration was Raphael’s last painting on which he worked on up to his death. Commissioned by
Cardinal Giulio de Medici, the late Pope Clement VII, the painting was conceived as an altarpiece for the
Narbonne Cathedral in France.
Donato di Niccolo di Betto Bardi (Donatello) (1386- 1466)
 was one of the Italian great artists of the period.
 He is known for his work in bas- relief, a form of shallow relief sculpture.
 His works included the following statues and relief: David, Statue of St. George, Equestrian Monument of
Gattamelata, Prophet Habacuc, and The Feast of Herod.
 Among his outstanding works as sculptor were the following: Pieta, Bacchus, Moses, David, Dying Slave,
Dawn and Dusk. Two of his best known works, The Pieta and David, were sculpted before he turned thirty.
 He also created two of the most influential works in fresco in the history of Western art: the scenes from
Genesis on the ceiling and the Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome
Baroque Art (1600-1800)
 The term Baroque was derived from the Portuguese word “barocco” which means “irregularly shaped pearl
or stone
 After the idealism of Renaissance, and the slightly forced nature of “mannerism”, Baroque art above all
reflects the tensions of the age notably the desire of the Catholic Church in Rome to reassert itself in the
wake of the Protestant Reformation which is almost the same with Catholic- Reformation Art of the period.
 Although always in conflict with the simple, clear, and geometric concepts of classicism, the Baroque existed
in varying degrees of intensity, from a simple animated movement of lines and surfaces, to a rich and
dynamic wealth
 Baroque was a period of artistic styles in exaggerated motion, drama, tension, and grandeur. The style
started in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe
 the straight lines of the Renaissance were replaced with flowing curves.
RENAISSANCE ARTISTS AND THEIR WORKS:
Michelangelo Merisi or Amerighi da Caravaggio (1571- 1610)
 He was better known as Caravaggio
 was an Italian artist who wanted to deviate from the classical masters of the Renaissance.
 an outcast in his society, because of his own actions and the lack of modesty and reverence for religious
subjects in his own paintings. Perhaps he started out as a specialist in his paintings of still life, especially of
fruits.
 Caravaggio’s models at this period were either himself or young persons who have an air of being promising
but wicked.
 Among his famous paintings were: Supper at Emmaus, Conversion of St. Paul, and Entombment of Christ.
Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680)
 An Italian artist and the first Baroque artist.
 He practiced architecture, and sculpture, painting, stage design, and was also a playwright. He was also the
last in the list of the dazzling universal geniuses.
 As a prodigy, his first artworks date from his 8th birthday.
 Among his early works were: The Goat Amalthea with the Infant Jupiter and a Faun, Damned Soul, and the
Blessed Soul. He made a sculpture of “David” was for Cardinal Borghese which is strikingly different from
Michelangelo’s David because it shows the differences between Renaissance and the Baroque periods.
 He was the greatest Baroque sculptor and architect as seen in his design of the Piazza San Pietro in front of
the Basilica. It is one of his most innovative and successful architectural designs. The famous “Ecstasy of
St. Teresa” was his greatest achievement and the Colonnade of the Piazza of St. Peter’s Rome.
Peter Paul Rubens (1577- 1640)
 was a Flemish Baroque painter.
 He was well known for his paintings of mythical and figurative subjects, landscapes, portraits, and Counter-
Reformation altarpieces.
 His commissioned works were mostly religious subjects, history paintings of magical creatures, and hunt
scenes.
 His famous works were: Samson and Delilah, Landscape with a Tower, Portrait of Helene Fourment, and The
Three Graces
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669)
 A brilliant Dutch realist, painter and etcher.
 was generally considered as one of the greatest painters and printmakers in European art.

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  He followed no particular faith, but was interested in spiritual values and often chooses religious subjects.
 Rembrandt shares with Rubens the revolution whereby painting came to depict the more personal aspects of
the painter: his own home and his family.
 No artist has painted himself as often as did Rembrandt. His concept of himself continued to deepen in grasp
and subtlety, while his technique grew more daring. His well- known work was his “Self portrait in Old Age”.
 produced over 600 paintings, nearly 400 etchings, and 2000 drawings.
Diego Velasquez (1599- 1660)
 One of the finest masters of composition and one of the most important painters of the Spanish Golden Age.
 The passion for still life frequently emerges in Velasquez’s art.
 His famous works were: The Surrender of Breda, Las Meninas (The maids of honour), Los Borachos (The
Drinkers), and Maria Theresa.
 He created this work four years before his death and served as an outstanding example of the European
baroque period of art.

MAPEH9 M U S I C (Romantic Period)

rd
3 Quarter Lesson Notes
1. NICCOLO PAGANINI (Violin and Strings Music)
(Music and Arts)  Born in October 27,1782 in Genoa Italy
 Started with playing mandolin at age of five
 Started violin at age seven

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  Became the most famous violin virtuoso in the  At his young age, he learns to ply guitar
world and flute but never became skilled in any
 Rumored to have his amazing violin skills as a gift musical instruments
from the devil, sold his soul in exchange for this  His father was a physician and he sent to a
Famous works: medical school to be like his father but it
 “La Campanella” ends up in studying music.
 24 Caprices for Solo Violin, Op. 1  One of his famous musical compositions is
 Concerto no. 1 in Eb, Op. 6 a five movement symphony called
 15 Quartets for Guitar and strings Trio “Symphony Fantastique”
 “The Carnival of Venice” 6. PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY
2. FREDERIC CHOPIN (Piano Music)  Was known for his ballet music
 Known as the “Poet of the Piano”  Born on May 7, 1840 in Votkinsk Russia
 Born on March 1, 1810 in Zelazowa, Poland  Became famous after he composed the
 Began playing piano at age 4 musical poem “Fatum” and “Romeo and
 Studied piano at Warsaw Conservatory Juliet”
Famous works: Famous works:
 “Fantasie in F minor, op. 49  Swan Lake
 Revolutionary Etude, Op. 10, no. 12  Sleeping Beauty
 24 Preludes, O. 28  The Nutcracker
3. FRANZ LIZST  Romeo & Juliet
 He was known as the  1812 Overture
virtuoso pianist, a composer and the busiest 7. CAMILLE SAINT-SAENS
musician during the romantic era.  Was known as talented musician from an
 He played and studied in Vienna and Paris while early age
performing in concerts in the rest of Europe  Born in Paris on October 9,1835
 He was also known with his generosity in sharing  Began composing piano piece at age three
time and money to the orphans, victim of disasters  Creates elegant music, neat, clean, polish
and the many students he taught music for free. and never excessive, example is “The
Famous works: Swan”
 La Campanella  Carnival of the Animals
 Liebestraume No. 3  Danse Macabre and his Symphony No. 3
 12 Transcendental Etudes  The Swan
 Sonata in B Minor
 Years of Pilgrimage A R T S (Neoclassic and
 “Hungarian Rhapsodies” Romantic Period)
4. ROBERT SCHUMANN
 He was a composer, music critic and considered
himself as the heir to the original creative tradition NEOCLASSICISM
of Beethoven and Shubert  The word “neoclassic” comes from a Greek
 Was born in 1810 in Zwickau word “neos’ meaning “new” and Latin word
 In his journal Schumann often wroteunder two “classicus” which is similar in meaning to the
pseudonyms – Eusebius (his sentive, lyrical side) English phrase “first class”
and Florestan (his fiery, stormy side)  The revived interest in classical ideals and
Famous works: forms that influenced European and American
 "Abegg Variations," Opus 1(1830 society through thought, politics and fine arts
 "Carnaval," Opus 9 (1835) - a portrait of a masked during the 18th and 19th century
ball attended by his allies and his beloved Clara
 "Phantasiestucke," Opus 12 (1837) - a series of ARTISTS AND THEIR FAMOUS WORKS
mood pieces 1. JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID
 Kreisleriana," Opus 16 (1838) - a fantasy on the  The Death of Marat
mad Kapellmeister  Napoleon Crossing the Alps
 Oath of the Horatii
2. JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES
 Portrait of Napoleon on the Imperial Throne
 The Apotheosis of Homer
3. ANTONIO CANOVA
 Psyche Awakened by Cupid’s Kiss
 Washington
4. BERTEL THORVALDSEN
 Christ
 Lion of Lucerne
 "Kinderszenen," Opus 15 (1838) - a poetic
series of evocations of a child's world ARCHITECTURE
5. HECTOR BERLIOZ Types of Neoclassical Architecture
 A French romantic composer born on 1. Temple Stye
December 11, 1803  Pantheon, Paris
 British Museum, London
 La Madeleine De Paris

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 2. Palladian 2. JUAN LUNA Y NOVICIO
 White House  Spoliarium
 United States Capitol 3. FERNANDO CUETO AMORSOLO
3. Classical Block  Planting Rice with Mayon Volcano
 Library of Sainte-Genevieve 4. GUILLERMO ESTRELLA TOLENTINO
(Henri Labrouste)  Oblation (UP)
 Palais Garnier “Paris Opera House”  Pambansang Bantayog ni Andres Bonifacio
(Charles Garnier) 5. NAPOLEÓN ISABELO VELOSO ABUEVA
 New York Public Library  Siyam na Diwata ng Sining
 Boston Public Library
NEOCLASSICAL AND ROMANTIC
ROMANTICISM ARCHITECTURE in the Philippines
 Shows the height of action
 Emotional extremes 1. Laguna Provincial Capitol
 Celebrated nature as out of control 2. Zamboanga Municipal Building
 dramatic compositions 3. Negros Occidental Provincial Capitol
 Lanscape painting became more popular due to 4. Cebu Normal School
peoples’ romantic adoration of Nature 5. Iloilo Customs House
6. Sorsogon Municipal Building
ARTISTS AND THEIR FAMOUS WORKS 7. Zamboanga Normal School
8. Baguio Government Center
Painting (Portraits and Figures)
1. JEAN LOUIS THÉODORE GÉRICAULT
 The Raft of the Medusa
 Charging Shasseur
 Insane Woman
2. EUGÉNE DELACROIX
 Liberty Leading the People
3. FRANCISCO GOYA
 The Third of May
 Saturn Devouring His Son
 The Burial of Sardine

Landscape Painting
1. THÉODROE ROUSSEAU
 Der Kleine Fischer
 Landscape with a Plowman
2. JEAN-BAPTISTE-CAMILLE COROT
 The Church of MArissel, Near Beauvais
 Le Repos Sous Les Saules

Sculpture
1. FRANÇIOS RUDE
 Departure of the Volunteers
 Jean D’Arc
2. ANTOINE-LOUIS BARYE
 Hercules Sitting on a Bull
 Theseus Slaying a Minotaur

GOTHIC REVIVAL ARCHITECTURE

(Neogothic)

Architects:
1. Charles Barry
 Westminster Palace, London
2. James Renwick
 St. Patrick’s Cathedral

Famous Neogothic Architecture:

Strawberry Hill, London

NEOCLASSICISM and ROMANTICISM in the

Philippines

1. FÉLIX RESURRECCIÓN HIDALGO Y

PADILLA
 The Christian Virgins being Exposed to the
Populace
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