GE104: PURPOSIVE

COMMUNICATION
LECTURE 01: COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION
 which means to convey
knowledge of or information
about or to make known.
 It also means to transmit
information, thought, or
feeling so that it is
satisfactorily received or The communication process begins at
understood. the sender who is going to
 The word communicate is conceptualize a message by
from the Latin term encoding them from symbols to
communicates, past Words. This message will be
participle of communicating delivered by the use of channel and
meaning to impart or for the receiver to successfully
participate (Merriam- accept it, this will be decoded from
Webster.com). words to symbols. After interpreting
 The word communicate is the message, the receiver now will
from the Latin root encode feedback and send it again
“communis”, meaning using the channel. The sender will
“working together”. finally decode the feedback. In
 Communication is a skill that between the process, there are
everybody can learn. instances that there is noise that
 It is a way of expressing hinders the communication process.
your feelings, emotions and The sender and receiver must avoid
giving information which is or limit the barriers to
very much essential to our communication to avoid
daily life. misunderstanding.

COMMUNICATION THE ELEMENTS OF

PROCESS COMMUNICATION
All of us commonly follow a certain ! KEYWORDS: SEN-MES-CHA-
process when we do things. Some FEED-REC-NOI !
examples of these are when we cook SENDER-THE MESSAGE-CHANNEL-
our food, travel from home to school FEEDBACK-RECEIVER-NOISE
vice versa, washing dishes or clothes,
etc. 1. SENDER / SPEAKER / SOURCE
!! KEYWORDS: SEN-EN-CHA-NOI-  is anyone or anything
DEC-REC !! that initiates the
SENDER-ENCODING-CHANNEL-NOISE-DECODING- communication or sends
RECEIVER
a message to the
Receiver.
 This could be a news anchor
delivering the latest news,
Page 1 of 7
GE104: PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
LECTURE 01: COMMUNICATION
an emcee in a graduation see a post on Facebook the
ceremony, a billboard found message traveled through
in EDSA, etc. the sense of sight; smelling
(nose) when you forgot that
2. THE MESSAGE you are cooking something
but only remembered
 is a communication that because of the burnt smell.
is conveyed by the The message was sent
sender. through the sense of smell;
 It could be verbal (using hearing (ears) a good
words and symbols like example is when you hear a
giving verbal instructions to siren from a fire truck which
a stranger on how to travel means there is a fire nearby.
in a certain place by land), Since you heard the
nonverbal (using body message, it only means to
language and gestures like say it traveled through the
using your face expression sense of hearing; sense of
to show anger, fear, anxiety taste (mouth) is when you
and etc.), written (printed stick out your tongue that
or handwritten like when we indicates the message of
write letters to our friends bitter, sour or hot food; and
and love ones which are lastly the sense of touch
sometimes printed or to (skin) is when make people
show more affection and understand message by
effort utilizes handwritten) touching. An example is
and oral (spoken is any when you want to
communication that encourage a person by
primarily uses the main tapping his / her shoulder.
speech organs).
4. FEEDBACK
3. CHANNEL  is the response sent by
the receiver when the
 is a sensory media message was received.
traveled by the message  The receiver could encode
from one place to either positive or negative
another. feedback depending on
 It is likely referred to the how the message is
way or manner of perceived or interpreted.
sending the message  Negative feedback is
from the sender to the usually gained when the
receiver. communication was
 The five senses were misinterpreted by the
considered as a channel: receiver. The wrong choice
seeing (eyes) is when you of words or manner of
Page 2 of 7
GE104: PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
LECTURE 01: COMMUNICATION
delivery is some of the ambiance which is
common reasons for earning conducive to business talks.
bad feedback.  The next type is
 Meanwhile, positive psychological noise. This
feedback are the ones type of noise is found inside
most of us desires because your mind. It dwells with our
it's an indicator of successful emotions that discourage a
sending or messages. communicator to
5. THE RECEIVER communicate effectively.
 is the recipient of the When we have problems
message and the source that bother our minds, we
of the feedback. tend to give inappropriate
 It could be another person messages or responses to
or the same person as the others.
sender.  The third type is the
physiological noise. This
6. NOISE noise occurs when the
hindrance is from the inside
 is a barrier to the of the body of either the
communication process. sender or the receiver like
 It is the one capable of for example when we have a
hampering messages and fever. Even if we try our best
feedback sent. to understand and
 Flores (2016) stated that communicate, we find it
there are 3 TYPES OF hard to give good messages
NOISE: physical noise or or responses towards the
the actual noise, other person that we are
psychological noise, and talking to.
physiological noise.
 It could be the first type
which is the physical
COMMUNICATION
noise or the actual noise. MODELS
This noise is something we !! KEYWORDS: SPEAK-SPEE-OCC-
see or hear that distracts or AUD-EFF !!
stops us from SPEAKER-SPEECH-OCCASION-AUDIENCE-
communicating. An example EFFECT
of this is when you are in a
club where there is loud
music, it is deemed difficult
to communicate effectively.
That could be the reason 1. ARISTOTLE'S MODEL OF
why marketers would like to COMMUNICATION
talk to their clients in coffee  The FIRST MODEL is from
shops because of the the dates back to ancient
Page 3 of 7
GE104: PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
LECTURE 01: COMMUNICATION
Greece during the time 2. SHANNON-WEAVER'S MODEL
of Plato around 5 BC. OF COMMUNICATION
 This model is from the
famous Greek  The SECOND MODEL is the
philosopher Aristotle, Shannon-Weaver Model
called Aristotle's Model. which is developed by
 The model concentrates on Claude Shannon and
the need of the speaker to Warren Weaver 1948
adjust their messages (Flores, 2016).
considering who the  It is also known as the
audience is and what is the telephone model since it
occasion to achieve a was from the technology of
certain effect. the telephone, and it
 It is composed of the concentrates on the
speaker, speech, occurrence of "noise"
occasion, audience, and coming from the
effect. switchboard.
 The speaker should also be  Resembling the technology
cautious aside from the of the telephone, the sender
choice of words and delivery serves as the information
but also knowing the source then the encoder is
audience of a speech and the telephone that transmits
the current state or occasion by converting the messages
to modify the context of the to signals.
message.  The signals will be sent by
 In a seminar, a speaker the channel.
should know who are the  The channel is used in
possible attendees and the transferring the signal to the
occasion so that the reception.
concepts that they need to  In the case of the telephone,
impart will be effectively the channel would be the
absorbed by the listeners. cables where signals would
travel going to the decoder.
 The decoder would serve as
reception that converts the
2. SHANNON-WEAVER'S MODEL signal to message and
OF COMMUNICATION would be received by the
receiver or destination of
!! KEYWORDS: SEN-EN-CHA/NOI- the message.
DEC-REC !!  While sending the message,
SENDER-ENCODER-CHANNEL/NOISE- there is an interference of
DECODER-RECEIVER noise. This explains why
there are instances that the
line of a telephone is
Page 4 of 7
GE104: PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
LECTURE 01: COMMUNICATION
"choppy" where the two appreciation of the
communicators cannot interpreter.
understand each other.  There are instances that
 Lastly, when the receiver various meanings are
would give feedback on the extracted by the sender and
message sent by the sender. the receiver to the message
3.OSGOOD-SCHRAMM MODEL OF and those are called
COMMUNICATION semantic noise.

! KEYWORDS: EN/INTER/DEC-
MESS- EN/INTER/DEC !
ENCODER/INTERPRETER/DECODER –
MESSAGE -
ENCODER/INTERPRETER/DECODER 4. SCHRAMM MODEL OF
COMMUNICATION

! KEYWORDS: SOUR-EN-SIG-DEC-
SOUR !

 Meanwhile, Wilbur
Schramm's model of
communication involves two
primary models. The FIRST
MODEL was constructed 4. SCHRAMM MODEL OF
according to the theories COMMUNICATION
of Osgood, it is called the
 In the SECOND SCHRAMM
Osgood-Schramm model.
MODEL, it is realized that
 Seen in this model, it
the interpreter is enclosed to
concentrates on the
the different fields of
interpreter as the encoder
experiences which means
and decoder of the
that for the message to be
message.
successfully sent to the
 Both the sender and
receiver, there must be a
receiver are interpreters of
common field of experience
the message.
between the sender and
 Success and failure of the
receiver.
message sending will be
 This field of experience
based on the message
possibly comprises prior
experiences, principles,
Page 5 of 7
GE104: PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
LECTURE 01: COMMUNICATION
morals, cultures and social  It could also be noticed that
background. the model is circular which
means that communication
5.WHITE'S STAGES OF ORAL is a never-ending process
COMMUNICATION with no real beginning and
end.
! KEYWORDS: T-S-E-T-R-D-F-M !  The most important concept
in this model is the feedback
which could only be
processed by the sender.
 Thus, the sender must keep
in mind the receiver's verbal
and nonverbal cues when
delivering feedback.

 Finally, the LAST

COMMUNICATION MODEL
is developed by Eugene
White called White's Stages
of Oral Communication.
 White claims that it is
possible to begin at any
stage in communication
projected in the model.
 In comparison with the other
models which commonly
show that the sender
reflects on the possible
message to be conveyed,
however in this model you
may start with any stage
because it considers that
people have a
misconception that
communication always
begins with the stage
thinking.

5.WHITE'S STAGES OF ORAL

COMMUNICATION

Page 6 of 7
GE104: PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
LECTURE 01: COMMUNICATION

Page 7 of 7